Detection of Enteric Bacteria in Raw Food Samples from Vietnam ...

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6 ABSTRACT resistant E. coli and Salmonella spp. In addition, the study demonstrated enteric bacteria in Vietnamese food samples contained the pool of individual important genetic elements including integrons, plasmids, antibiotic resistance genes and virulence genes which implicate a potential public health hazard. The application of hygiene practices along the food chain and prudent use of antibiotics in animal husbandry are essential and these applications may help to reduce the risks of food poisoning. In addition, the data shows that food must be adequately cooked to reduce the opportunity for bacteria to cause disease and that all care must be taken to reduce the opportunity for post cooking recontamination of the food.
Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1. Enteric bacteria as food contaminants 1.1.1. Foodborne diseases worldwide 7 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Foodborne diseases are an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. There are over 200 different types of illness that may be transmitted by food. The causes of foodborne illness are bacteria, viruses, parasites, and chemicals, and bacterial contamination is the most common cause of illness (Mead et al., 1999; Lindqvist et al., 2000; Adak et al., 2002; Su et al., 2005; Lynch et al., 2006). Most foodborne bacterial infections cause self-limiting diarrhoea, however, systemic infection and death can occur, particularly in vulnerable groups such as the elderly, people with diminished immunity or infants and young children (Mead et al., 1999; Meng and Doyle, 2002; Kennedy et al., 2004). Bacteria have accounted for more than 70% of deaths associated with foodborne transmission (Mead et al., 1999; Adak et al., 2002; Vaillant et al., 2005; Lynch et al., 2006; The OzFoodNet Working Group, 2006; Hughes et al., 2007). The global incidence of foodborne disease is difficult to estimate, but it has been reported that in 2000 alone, 2.1 million people died from diarrhoea diseases (WHO, 2002). Foodborne diseases have been estimated to cause about 76 million illnesses, 325,000 hospitalizations, and 5,000 deaths in the United States each year (Mead et al., 1999). In England and Wales, there were an estimated 1,338,772 cases, 20,759 hospital admissions, and 480 deaths due to indigenous foodborne disease in 2000 (Adak et al., 2002). Foodborne disease is a considerable burden on Australian society with estimated 5.4 million cases and costing an estimated $1.2 billion dollars annually (The OzFoodNet Working Group, 2006).
Page 1 and 2: Detection of Enteric Bacteria in Ra
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CHAPTER 3: THE DETECTION OF ENTERIC
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CHAPTER 4: MOLECULAR GENETIC MECHAN
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CHAPTER 5: PATHOGENICITY OF SALMONE
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253 CHAPTER 6: GENERAL DISCUSSION s
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255 CHAPTER 6: GENERAL DISCUSSION I
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257 CHAPTER 6: GENERAL DISCUSSION m
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259 CHAPTER 6: GENERAL DISCUSSION r
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261 CHAPTER 6: GENERAL DISCUSSION p
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263 REFERENCE Angkititrakul, S., C.
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265 REFERENCE Bauernfeind, A., S. W
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267 REFERENCE Boyd, D. A., G. A. Pe
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269 REFERENCE Catry, B., H. Laevens
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271 REFERENCE enterica serovars Typ
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273 REFERENCE multiple-antibiotic r
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275 REFERENCE Shiga toxin-producing
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277 REFERENCE Fitzgerald, C., K. St
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279 REFERENCE Graninger, W., K. Zed
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281 REFERENCE Heffernan, E. J., J.
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283 REFERENCE Jarrett, P., and M. S
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285 REFERENCE Kauffmann, F. 1972. S
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287 REFERENCE Leverstein-van Hall,
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289 REFERENCE Maguire, H. C., A. A.
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291 REFERENCE Meng, J., M. P. Doyle
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293 REFERENCE Nakamura, M., S. Sato
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295 REFERENCE Christenson, M. L. Bi
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297 REFERENCE Phan, Q., P. Mshar, T
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299 REFERENCE Refsum, T., E. Heir,
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301 REFERENCE Salyers, A. A. 1993.
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303 REFERENCE Identification of ant
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305 REFERENCE patterns produced by
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307 REFERENCE Vaudaus, P., and F. A
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309 REFERENCE White, D. G., S. Zhao
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311 REFERENCE Yavzori, M., N. Porat
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APPENDIX Table A1: Salmonella spp.
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Isolates Source Group Serotype 315
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Table A2: E. coli isolates which we
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Isolates Source AMP AMO AUG TET 319
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Table A3: V. parahaemolyticus isola
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323 CONFERENCES/ PROCEEDINGS and PU
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Detection of Enteric Bacteria in Raw Food Samples from Vietnam ...

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