ISLAMIC & WESTERN HISTORIOGRAPHY

ISLAMIC STUDIES, 25:4 (1986)
ancient history of the Prophets recorded by al-Tabari is based on tl~c Old Testament.
For the translation of the Bible in Arabic see Gcorge Graf. ~;esclriclrtc. du christlichen arabisrhen Litrratur. (Rome, 1944-1953). 5 vols. see hjil by B. Carra
de Vaus in Enc. of Islam, (1927). 11, 501-504 (good bibliography) revised by G.C.
Anawati, Eric. oj. Islam, (1971). 111, 1205-1208. Arabic trans. in the Di'imt al-
Ma'ririf a/-Islimiyah (1969), IV, pp. 576-583 and the useful and critical comnlents
on this article and on the Bible in general by A!lnled Mu!wnnlad Sh-&ir and others,
Ibid. 583-599.
[Dl See the transIator's note (F) to the translation of Ka~nil 'Ayad's paper publisl~ed in
the Islamic Studies, vol. XVIIII (Spring, 1978) p-16 and J. Robson, Isnad. El
(New) vol. 1V (1 978) p. 207 (unsatisfactory).
[El 'A. 'A. ad-Diiri discusses the special features of the Iraqi school of history writing of
the ninth century. See his BNIT, pp. 118-1 30 and HOME, pp. 46-53. But it has to
be stated here that there were many historians of the second century who belonged
to the Medina school. See D.S. Margoliouth, LAH, 82, 100; For the Medina school
of Arabic historiography see 'A. 'A. adduri, op. cit., pp. 61-102.
[F] See note (d) to the translation, notes and commentary of Francesco Galerieli's
paper published in the Vol. XIX/1 (Spring 1980) p. 55 of thisjournal.
[GI On the Sh'ites see 'Religion and politics in Iran' by Leonard Binder in Arabic 6
Islamic Studies in Honour of Hamilton A.R. Gibb (1965), 118-140; W. Montgo-
mery Watt, "The Reappraisal of Abbasid Shi'ism" in the Ibid, pp. 638-654; V.
Mionorsky's "Persia: Religion and History," in Unity and Variety in Muslim Civili-
zation ed. by G.E. Von Grunebaum (1955), 183-201. M.D. Donaldson, The Shi 'ire
Religion. (1 933), pp. 393; C. Van Arendonk, Les Debuts De L 'Imamat Zaidite Au
Yemen (1960). pp. 375; For a discussion of the friction between the Shi'ites and
the Sufi (Mystics) all over the Islamic world till the 12th century A.H. See Kamil
Mustafa ash-Shaibi a/-Fikr ash-Shi'it ten h-Naza'ot as-Sufiyoh (1 386/1966), pp. 6 11.
H.A.R. Gibb. "Notes on Shi'ism" in A.J. Toynbee Study of History 1, pp. 400402.
A balanced account of the Shi'ite beliefs and practices is given by Mahmud Shebabi
m "Shi'a" in the Islam, the Strai@r Path (ed. Kenneth W. Morgan 1958). pp.
18Cb223. The Shi'a philosophers have been studied by 'Abdullah Ni'ma in his
Falasifat ash-Shib which has been translated into Persian by syed Ja'far Ghadban
(1 347 A.H. Shamsi), pp. 648. For balanced Sunni views concerning the Shi'a see
Ahmed Amin, Fair al-lslam. 7th ed. (1955), 266-278; See P.M. Holt and ors (eds.)
CHIS. I, pp. 81-82; 109-115, 12Cb133; 143-44, 31314 (Shi'ism among Turkish
people), 398-99 (in Persia) and the recent study of Henri Laoust, Les schisms dons
I'lslam: Introduction a un-etude de la religion Muwlmane (1965, not seen). G.E.
Von Grunebaum, Classical Islam, tr. by Katherine Watson (1970) pp. 61-63, 107-
110 and passim: Seyyed Hossain Nasr, "lthna 'Ashari Shi'ism and Iranian Islam" in
Religion in the Middle East, I1 (1969), pp. 96-1 18.
[HI On the available literature of the Sasanian period see Mario Grignaschi 'Quelques
specimens De la literature Sasanide conserves Dam Les Bibliotheques D'Istanbul in
the Journal Asiatique Vol. CCLIV, Fasc. 1. (1966) pp. 142; See also A. Christen-
sen, Lhn sous les Sassanides, 2nd augmented ed. (1944 repr. 1971), pp. 560;
Ahmed Amin, op. cit, pp. 113124 discuss the influence of the Pahlawi literature
on early Arabic literature. Alessandro Bausani. La Lettratum Persinno (1968).
pp. 61-127; Otakar KLima. History of Iranian Literature (ed. Jan Rypka, 1968),
pp. 3Cb58. A comprehensive bibliography of the Sasanids is available in Ludwig
Forrer/Bertold Supler. DVO, pp. 77-79; Muhammad Jawad Mashkur, ~arhonge
Huzvareshave Pahlavi (1 34611 967). pp. XXIV-303.