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34 Medicinski Glasnik, Volumen 9, Number 1, February 2012 Hormone levels Serum levels of E2, PROG, LH, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone (TESTO) were assessed from venous blood. The blood was taken and immediately delivered to the Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Protection at the University Hospital Centre of Osijek, where hormone levels were determined as a part of routine diagnostic procedure by using standard radioimmunoassay (RIA) kits (BioSource Europe S.A., Belgium). Before the results of hormone levels measured from venous blood were available, commercial ELISA-based LH urinary stripes (Biostrip LH Ovulation Test, Innovatek Medical inc., Vancouver, B.C., Canada) were used to determine preovulatory increase of LH. Detection of soluble CAMs Serum levels of sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 and E-selectin were measured. After taking blood, serum was collected and stored at -80ºC. Serum levels of soluble CAMs were assessed by using commercially available ELISA based kits (Quantikine Immunoassay ELISA human sICAM-1/CD54, sE-Selectin/CD62E, sVCAM-1, R&D Systems, UK). Final concentrations were determined by using standardized concentration curves. Statistics All data values are presented as means ± SEM and analyzed by One-Way ANOVA repeated measures or Freedman’s test followed by post hoc Tukey and Holm-Sidac tests when appropriate (SigmaPlot 11.,0). The correlation between CAMs and hormones was determined by Persons’ coefficient or Sperman’s test. Level of statistical significance was determined at p
Figure 1. Correlation between E2 and ICAM-1* *statistically significant (p=0,041) and showed a tendency of E2 and ICAM-1 to increase together replacement therapy on endothelial function, assessed by measuring serum levels of CAMs as indirect markers of endothelial dysfunction (3-5). These studies demonstrated reduced CAMs expression after exposure to estrogen, implicating lower susceptibility to inflammatory processes in vessels’ walls. On the contrary, only a few studies have investigated effects of short-term variations in female sex hormones on CAMs expression, such as menstrual cycle variations in estrogen and progesteron levels (11, 12). Souter and al. have demonstrated that long-term exposure to exogenous estrogens suppresses serum levels of sVCAM-1, but short-term changes in endogenous estrogens, as during the menstrual cycle, may not alter VCAM-1 expression (13). On the other hand, four years later, the same author has shown that gonadotropin-induced changes in E2 (in vitro fertilization cycle) significantly alter serum REFERENCES 1. Arnal JF, Fontaine C, Billon-Galés A, Favre J, Laurell H, Lenfant F, Gourdy P. Estrogen receptors and endothelium. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 30:1506-12. 2. Gourdy P, Mallat Z, Castano C, Garmy-Susini B, Mac Gregor JL, Tedgui A, Arnal JF, Bayard F. The atheroprotective effect of 17 beta-estradiol is not altered in P-selectin- or ICAM-1-deficient hypercholesterolemic mice. Atherosclerosis 2003; 166:41-8. 3. Khalil RA. Potential approaches to enhance the 4. effects of estrogen on senescent blood vessels and postmenopausal cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem 2010; 8:29-46. Joswig M, Hach-Wunderle V, Ziegler R, Nawroth P. Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy and the vascular wall: Mechanisms of 17 β-estradio’s effects on vascular biology. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 1999; 107:477-87. Begić et al CAMs and female sex hormones levels of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) (14). On the other hand, study by Elhadd et al investigating levels of CAMs in three different phases of the menstrual cycle in young healthy normal cycling women reported that changes in estrogen levels during the menstrual cycle can significantly alter the levels of E-selectin, but not ICAM-1 (15). However, studies relying only on counting of the cycle days backwards from the predicted first day of next menstrual cycle to determine cycle phases are questionable. Therefore, in our study, menstrual cycle phases were assessed by measuring hormone levels in blood and additionally, LH levels by LH urinary strips in urine. Although the experimental methodology was significantly improved in our study, there was a significant positive correlation between E2 and serum soluble ICAM -1 concentrations (Figure 1). However, we were not able to detect any significant change in other soluble CAM concentrations during the menstrual cycle. These results suggest that short-term changes in sex hormone levels could modulate expression of ICAM-1, but not VCAM -1 or E-selectin to the extent that would affect a young woman’s health. FUNDING No specific funding was received for this study. TRANSPARENCY DECLARATIONS Competing interests: none to declare. 5. Brzezinski A, Danenberg HD. Estrogen, progesterone, and cardiovascular health: when shall we complete the puzzle? Menopause 2005; 12:488-91. 6. Duckles SP, Miller VM. Hormonal modulation of endothelial NO production. Pflugers Arch 2010; 459:841-51. 7. Chakrabarti S, Lekontseva O, Peters A, Davidge ST. 8. 17beta-Estradiol induces protein S-nitrosylation in the endothelium. Cardiovasc Res 2010; 85:796-805. Filipe C, Shang Leen LL, Brouchet L, Billon A, Be- nouaich V, Fontaine V, Gourdy P, Lenfant F, Arnal JF, Gadeau AP, Laurell H. Estradiol accelerates endothelial healing through the retrograde commitment of uninjured endothelium. AJP 2008; 94: H2822- H2830. 9. Toth B, Nikolajek K, Rank A, Nieuwland R, Lohse P, Pihusch V, Friese K, Thaler CJ. Gender-specific and menstrual cycle dependent differences in circulating microparticles. Platelets 2007; 18:515-21. 35
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Page 5 and 6: REVIEW Olive oil biophenols and wom
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Page 9 and 10: ventricles (56). Those brain center
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Page 15 and 16: INTRODUCTION The role of laparoscop
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Alidžanović et al Epidemiology of
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INTRODUCTION Obesity is a metabolic
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DISCUSSION Childhood obesity has be
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE Chemometric analys
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Statistical procedures Besides stan
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5. Habuda-Stanić M, Kuleš M. Arse
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE Soil chemicals pro
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Table 1. Soil pH, total and plant a
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member, which is 203 g of bread con
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24. Watanabe T., Kasahara M., Nakat
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no statistically significant differ
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PATIENTS AND METHODS The retrospect
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Ciklokrioterapija u lečenju bolesn
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During our investigation it was not
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and by the left internal carotid ar
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Clinically, myxoma manifests in sig
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Atrijalni miksom kao uzrok ishemič
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Characteristic signs of cornual pre
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CASE REPORT A 36-year old primigrav
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CASE REPORT Traumatic anterior disl
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3. Kawashima M, Kawakita T, Shimaza
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of treatment, her left arm weakness
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ABSTRACT The paper reports on a cas
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CASE REPORT An autopsy was performe
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Tematic issue: The hip arthroplasty
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138 Medicinski Glasnik, Volumen 9,
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