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126 IV Tropospheric chemistry Gasphase chemistry: tropospheric ozone and related components Heterogeneous chemistry: Aerosol physics and chemistry Dry and wet deposition Chemical Transport Modelling - CTM Emissions Block-Kurs Luftchemie <strong>Berlin</strong>, 19-23 März 2007
127 Tropospheric ozone 90 % of all ozone is in the stratosphere, only about 10 % is in the troposphere Ozone concentration in the troposphere increases with height above the surface Basic question in 1970: What is the origin of ozone in the troposphere and at groundlevel?? Block-Kurs Luftchemie Diffusion from the stratosphere (Junge) Current insight: In the Northern hemisphere: Produced by anthropogenic emissions (Crutzen) Total troposphere: 50 % of the ozone from stratosphere 50 % anthropogenic At ground level : 90-95 % anthropogenic <strong>Berlin</strong>, 19-23 März 2007
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Block-Kurs Luftchemie 19 - 23 März
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3 Ziel von der Block-Kurs Einführu
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5 Struktur des Kurses (2) Donnersta
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7 I) Entwicklung der Zusammensetzun
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9 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Berlin, 19-
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11 Formation and evolution of the a
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13 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Berlin, 19
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17 Development of the earth atmosph
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19 Averaged composition of volcanic
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21 Formation of O 2 in the atmosphe
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25 Live on earth started in a reduc
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27 Respiration: C n H m O p + O 2
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29 Air Ocean Block-Kurs Luftchemie
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31 Figures from: The revenge of Gai
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33 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Figure 2:
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35 Doom-scenario II New micro-organ
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37 Wissenschaftliche Frage Wie wahr
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39 Aerosols and Cloud Condensation
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41 Also used, especially in air qua
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43 Emission : Anthropogenic and/or
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47 Relative Standard Deviation 10 2
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51 Turbulent diffusion / Eddy diffu
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57 Chemical reactions occur by addi
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63 σ ab (λ) : Absorption cross-se
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71 At 55 ° N January 360 DU Block-
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73 Formation of stratosphere O 3 O
Page 75 and 76: 75 n 1 : conc. O n 2 : conc. O 2 n
Page 77 and 78: 77 Theory of Chapman (1932) From th
Page 79 and 80: 79 O 3 “residence time” Block-K
Page 81 and 82: 81 Block-Kurs Luftchemie N 2 O (ca.
Page 83 and 84: 83 Impact of NO and NO 2 , but also
Page 85 and 86: 85 H 2 O troposphere: 0.2 - 4% stra
Page 87 and 88: 87 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Berlin, 19
Page 89 and 90: 89 Followed by: Cl + O 3 ClO + O 2
Page 91 and 92: 91 Loss reactions for Cl Cl + CH4 H
Page 95 and 96: 95 Stratospheric ozone budget Block
Page 97 and 98: 97 Block-Kurs Luftchemie F 11: DuPo
Page 99 and 100: 99 British Antartic Survey; 1982 TO
Page 101 and 102: 101 Block-Kurs Luftchemie ‘Om het
Page 103 and 104: 103 Situation Polar night: polar vo
Page 105 and 106: 105 Block-Kurs Luftchemie PSC: Pola
Page 107 and 108: 107 Stratospheric ozone worldwide S
Page 109 and 110: 109 Increase of UV-B leads to Incre
Page 117 and 118: (WMO, 2007) 117 Block-Kurs Luftchem
Page 119 and 120: 119 Block-Kurs Luftchemie (WMO, 200
Page 121 and 122: 121 Block-Kurs Luftchemie ODP and G
Page 123 and 124: 123 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Ozone in
Page 125: 125 Koplung Klima-änderung und Str
Page 129 and 130: 129 Surface-near ozone at Montsouri
Page 133 and 134: 133 Increase of tropospheric ozone:
Page 135 and 136: 135 Netto: CH 4 + 8 O 2 → CO + 4
Page 137 and 138: 137 RH : Reactive Hydrocarbons VOC
Page 139 and 140: 139 Block-Kurs Luftchemie O 2 ην
Page 141 and 142: 141 Policy for tropospheric O 3 RH
Page 145 and 146: 145 The formation of the OH-radical
Page 147 and 148: 147 OH-radical 'discovered' by Levy
Page 149 and 150: 149 Trends in the OH-concentration
Page 151 and 152: 151 Dry Deposition Flux = Fs [conc.
Page 153 and 154: 153 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Dry depos
Page 155 and 156: 155 Dg, Dl = Moleculair Diffusion C
Page 157 and 158: 157 Wet Deposition Two processes: I
Page 159 and 160: 159 Loss term CH 4 + OH ~ 400 Tg/ y
Page 167 and 168: 167 I) Eiszeit Methan Vor 38.000/14
Page 169 and 170: 169 Tropospheric O 3-budget A. Infl
Page 171 and 172: 171 ad B. Deposition flux V d depos
Page 173 and 174: 173 Chem. Prod. Chem. Destr. Netto
Page 175 and 176: 175 Emissions Anthropogenic Biogeni
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177 Contained in fuels S → SO 2 H
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179 Emissie benzine-auto’s N 2 78
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181 Natural emissions Sea-salt (NaC
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183 Resolution needed? Emission Tes
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185 A more refined Budget Analysis
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187 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Examples
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189 Increase in surface ozone from
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191 Block-Kurs Luftchemie ECHAM Ber
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193 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Radiative
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195 Block-Kurs Luftchemie MOGUNTIA
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197 3-D Eulerian grid modelling Glo
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199 Model calculations hour-by-hour
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207 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Waldhof:
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209 Acidification / Eutrophication
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211 Policy based on − Average Acc
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219 Data assimilation by combining
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221 Ensemble using different CTM’
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223 Yearly mean diurnal cycle of oz
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225 Block-Kurs Luftchemie DEM with
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229 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Radiative
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231 Aitken particles : r < 0.1 µm
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237 Removal of aerosols by: Coagula
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239 Wet deposition and aqueous phas
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241 Cloud-drops can evaporate Aeros
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Berlin, 19-23 März 2007 Block-Kurs
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247 Messungen von Aerosolen Zusamme
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249 Satelliet-messungen von Aerosol
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251 Mean Ångström coefficient (a)
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253 Secondary inorganic aerosol NO
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255 Erste Ergebnisse Modellierung v
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257 Average BSOA 28 July - 13 Augus
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259 Average computed (LOTOS) wind b
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261 Soot ( Russ) is the same as Bla
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263 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Figure 2
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265 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Figure 4
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267 Block-Kurs Luftchemie SO 3 Scat
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269 Block-Kurs Luftchemie BC to mea
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Model 271 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Verif
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Modelled concentration ( µg/m 3 Mo
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275 Die EU-Rahmenrichtlinien und an
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277 Grenzwerte NO 2 40 µg/m 3 Jahr
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CALCULATED RCG 281 80 70 60 50 40 3
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283 RCG: Zartau: PM10 COMPOSITION 1
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RCG modelling domains. Upper left:
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287 Many problems in understanding
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289 Aerosols are also relevant for
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291 M.Schaap et al. “Anthropogeni
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293 Block-Kurs Luftchemie PM10 MEAN
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295 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Validatie
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297 Diplomthermen TRUMF (2) Verwend
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