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288 In general: Modelled concentrations of especially PM10 are lower than observations Possible explanations : Missing emission-sources : Wind-blown dust Block-Kurs Luftchemie Road abrasion Tyres and brakes <strong>Berlin</strong>, 19-23 März 2007
289 Aerosols are also relevant for Climate Change Most aerosols are cooling (reflection) Estimate over Europe ~ -2 W/m 2 Black Carbon is warming (absorption) Estimate over Europe ~ +1 W/m 2 Block-Kurs Luftchemie <strong>Berlin</strong>, 19-23 März 2007
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Block-Kurs Luftchemie 19 - 23 März
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3 Ziel von der Block-Kurs Einführu
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5 Struktur des Kurses (2) Donnersta
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7 I) Entwicklung der Zusammensetzun
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9 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Berlin, 19-
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11 Formation and evolution of the a
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13 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Berlin, 19
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17 Development of the earth atmosph
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19 Averaged composition of volcanic
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21 Formation of O 2 in the atmosphe
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25 Live on earth started in a reduc
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27 Respiration: C n H m O p + O 2
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29 Air Ocean Block-Kurs Luftchemie
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31 Figures from: The revenge of Gai
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33 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Figure 2:
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35 Doom-scenario II New micro-organ
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37 Wissenschaftliche Frage Wie wahr
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39 Aerosols and Cloud Condensation
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41 Also used, especially in air qua
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43 Emission : Anthropogenic and/or
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47 Relative Standard Deviation 10 2
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51 Turbulent diffusion / Eddy diffu
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57 Chemical reactions occur by addi
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63 σ ab (λ) : Absorption cross-se
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71 At 55 ° N January 360 DU Block-
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73 Formation of stratosphere O 3 O
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75 n 1 : conc. O n 2 : conc. O 2 n
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77 Theory of Chapman (1932) From th
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79 O 3 “residence time” Block-K
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81 Block-Kurs Luftchemie N 2 O (ca.
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83 Impact of NO and NO 2 , but also
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85 H 2 O troposphere: 0.2 - 4% stra
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89 Followed by: Cl + O 3 ClO + O 2
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91 Loss reactions for Cl Cl + CH4 H
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95 Stratospheric ozone budget Block
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97 Block-Kurs Luftchemie F 11: DuPo
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99 British Antartic Survey; 1982 TO
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101 Block-Kurs Luftchemie ‘Om het
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103 Situation Polar night: polar vo
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105 Block-Kurs Luftchemie PSC: Pola
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107 Stratospheric ozone worldwide S
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109 Increase of UV-B leads to Incre
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(WMO, 2007) 117 Block-Kurs Luftchem
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119 Block-Kurs Luftchemie (WMO, 200
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121 Block-Kurs Luftchemie ODP and G
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123 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Ozone in
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125 Koplung Klima-änderung und Str
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127 Tropospheric ozone 90 % of all
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129 Surface-near ozone at Montsouri
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133 Increase of tropospheric ozone:
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135 Netto: CH 4 + 8 O 2 → CO + 4
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137 RH : Reactive Hydrocarbons VOC
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139 Block-Kurs Luftchemie O 2 ην
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141 Policy for tropospheric O 3 RH
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145 The formation of the OH-radical
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147 OH-radical 'discovered' by Levy
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149 Trends in the OH-concentration
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151 Dry Deposition Flux = Fs [conc.
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153 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Dry depos
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155 Dg, Dl = Moleculair Diffusion C
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157 Wet Deposition Two processes: I
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159 Loss term CH 4 + OH ~ 400 Tg/ y
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167 I) Eiszeit Methan Vor 38.000/14
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169 Tropospheric O 3-budget A. Infl
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171 ad B. Deposition flux V d depos
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173 Chem. Prod. Chem. Destr. Netto
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175 Emissions Anthropogenic Biogeni
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177 Contained in fuels S → SO 2 H
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179 Emissie benzine-auto’s N 2 78
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181 Natural emissions Sea-salt (NaC
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183 Resolution needed? Emission Tes
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185 A more refined Budget Analysis
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187 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Examples
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189 Increase in surface ozone from
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191 Block-Kurs Luftchemie ECHAM Ber
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193 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Radiative
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195 Block-Kurs Luftchemie MOGUNTIA
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197 3-D Eulerian grid modelling Glo
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199 Model calculations hour-by-hour
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207 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Waldhof:
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209 Acidification / Eutrophication
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211 Policy based on − Average Acc
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219 Data assimilation by combining
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221 Ensemble using different CTM’
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223 Yearly mean diurnal cycle of oz
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225 Block-Kurs Luftchemie DEM with
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229 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Radiative
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231 Aitken particles : r < 0.1 µm
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Page 237 and 238: 237 Removal of aerosols by: Coagula
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Page 241 and 242: 241 Cloud-drops can evaporate Aeros
Page 243 and 244: 243 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Berlin, 1
Page 245 and 246: Berlin, 19-23 März 2007 Block-Kurs
Page 247 and 248: 247 Messungen von Aerosolen Zusamme
Page 249 and 250: 249 Satelliet-messungen von Aerosol
Page 251 and 252: 251 Mean Ångström coefficient (a)
Page 253 and 254: 253 Secondary inorganic aerosol NO
Page 255 and 256: 255 Erste Ergebnisse Modellierung v
Page 257 and 258: 257 Average BSOA 28 July - 13 Augus
Page 259 and 260: 259 Average computed (LOTOS) wind b
Page 261 and 262: 261 Soot ( Russ) is the same as Bla
Page 263 and 264: 263 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Figure 2
Page 265 and 266: 265 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Figure 4
Page 267 and 268: 267 Block-Kurs Luftchemie SO 3 Scat
Page 269 and 270: 269 Block-Kurs Luftchemie BC to mea
Page 271 and 272: Model 271 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Verif
Page 273 and 274: Modelled concentration ( µg/m 3 Mo
Page 275 and 276: 275 Die EU-Rahmenrichtlinien und an
Page 277 and 278: 277 Grenzwerte NO 2 40 µg/m 3 Jahr
Page 279 and 280: 279 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Berlin, 1
Page 281 and 282: CALCULATED RCG 281 80 70 60 50 40 3
Page 283 and 284: 283 RCG: Zartau: PM10 COMPOSITION 1
Page 285 and 286: RCG modelling domains. Upper left:
Page 287: 287 Many problems in understanding
Page 291 and 292: 291 M.Schaap et al. “Anthropogeni
Page 293 and 294: 293 Block-Kurs Luftchemie PM10 MEAN
Page 295 and 296: 295 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Validatie
Page 297 and 298: 297 Diplomthermen TRUMF (2) Verwend
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