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220 Different methods Optimal Interpolation-OI 3-D Var and 4-D Var Kalman filtering M.van Loon, P.Builtjes and A.Segers “Modelling and data assimilation of ozone” Air Pollution Modelling and its Application XIV Kluwer/Plenum, 2001 Preliminary results of applying Kalman filtering for combining observed and modelled ozone concentrations over Europe Block-Kurs Luftchemie <strong>Berlin</strong>, 19-23 März 2007
221 Ensemble using different CTM’s to determine the spread of models Example for O3 using EMEP, RCG, MATCH, LOTOS-EUROS, CHIMERE, TM-5, DEHM Loon, van M. et al “Evaluation of long-term ozone simulations from seven regional air quality models and their ensemble” Accepted Atm. Env. 2007 Ensemble is a method to determine uncertainty (Science florishes by uncertainty, policy freeces by uncertainty) Block-Kurs Luftchemie <strong>Berlin</strong>, 19-23 März 2007
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Block-Kurs Luftchemie 19 - 23 März
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3 Ziel von der Block-Kurs Einführu
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5 Struktur des Kurses (2) Donnersta
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7 I) Entwicklung der Zusammensetzun
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9 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Berlin, 19-
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11 Formation and evolution of the a
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13 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Berlin, 19
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17 Development of the earth atmosph
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19 Averaged composition of volcanic
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21 Formation of O 2 in the atmosphe
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25 Live on earth started in a reduc
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27 Respiration: C n H m O p + O 2
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29 Air Ocean Block-Kurs Luftchemie
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31 Figures from: The revenge of Gai
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33 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Figure 2:
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35 Doom-scenario II New micro-organ
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37 Wissenschaftliche Frage Wie wahr
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39 Aerosols and Cloud Condensation
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41 Also used, especially in air qua
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43 Emission : Anthropogenic and/or
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47 Relative Standard Deviation 10 2
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51 Turbulent diffusion / Eddy diffu
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57 Chemical reactions occur by addi
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63 σ ab (λ) : Absorption cross-se
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71 At 55 ° N January 360 DU Block-
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73 Formation of stratosphere O 3 O
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75 n 1 : conc. O n 2 : conc. O 2 n
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77 Theory of Chapman (1932) From th
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79 O 3 “residence time” Block-K
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81 Block-Kurs Luftchemie N 2 O (ca.
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83 Impact of NO and NO 2 , but also
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85 H 2 O troposphere: 0.2 - 4% stra
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89 Followed by: Cl + O 3 ClO + O 2
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91 Loss reactions for Cl Cl + CH4 H
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95 Stratospheric ozone budget Block
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97 Block-Kurs Luftchemie F 11: DuPo
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99 British Antartic Survey; 1982 TO
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101 Block-Kurs Luftchemie ‘Om het
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103 Situation Polar night: polar vo
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105 Block-Kurs Luftchemie PSC: Pola
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107 Stratospheric ozone worldwide S
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109 Increase of UV-B leads to Incre
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(WMO, 2007) 117 Block-Kurs Luftchem
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119 Block-Kurs Luftchemie (WMO, 200
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121 Block-Kurs Luftchemie ODP and G
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123 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Ozone in
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125 Koplung Klima-änderung und Str
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127 Tropospheric ozone 90 % of all
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129 Surface-near ozone at Montsouri
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133 Increase of tropospheric ozone:
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135 Netto: CH 4 + 8 O 2 → CO + 4
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137 RH : Reactive Hydrocarbons VOC
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139 Block-Kurs Luftchemie O 2 ην
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141 Policy for tropospheric O 3 RH
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145 The formation of the OH-radical
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147 OH-radical 'discovered' by Levy
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149 Trends in the OH-concentration
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151 Dry Deposition Flux = Fs [conc.
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153 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Dry depos
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155 Dg, Dl = Moleculair Diffusion C
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157 Wet Deposition Two processes: I
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159 Loss term CH 4 + OH ~ 400 Tg/ y
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167 I) Eiszeit Methan Vor 38.000/14
Page 169 and 170: 169 Tropospheric O 3-budget A. Infl
Page 171 and 172: 171 ad B. Deposition flux V d depos
Page 173 and 174: 173 Chem. Prod. Chem. Destr. Netto
Page 175 and 176: 175 Emissions Anthropogenic Biogeni
Page 177 and 178: 177 Contained in fuels S → SO 2 H
Page 179 and 180: 179 Emissie benzine-auto’s N 2 78
Page 181 and 182: 181 Natural emissions Sea-salt (NaC
Page 183 and 184: 183 Resolution needed? Emission Tes
Page 185 and 186: 185 A more refined Budget Analysis
Page 187 and 188: 187 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Examples
Page 189 and 190: 189 Increase in surface ozone from
Page 191 and 192: 191 Block-Kurs Luftchemie ECHAM Ber
Page 193 and 194: 193 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Radiative
Page 195 and 196: 195 Block-Kurs Luftchemie MOGUNTIA
Page 197 and 198: 197 3-D Eulerian grid modelling Glo
Page 199 and 200: 199 Model calculations hour-by-hour
Page 201 and 202: 201 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Berlin, 1
Page 207 and 208: 207 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Waldhof:
Page 209 and 210: 209 Acidification / Eutrophication
Page 211 and 212: 211 Policy based on − Average Acc
Page 219: 219 Data assimilation by combining
Page 223 and 224: 223 Yearly mean diurnal cycle of oz
Page 225 and 226: 225 Block-Kurs Luftchemie DEM with
Page 229 and 230: 229 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Radiative
Page 231 and 232: 231 Aitken particles : r < 0.1 µm
Page 237 and 238: 237 Removal of aerosols by: Coagula
Page 239 and 240: 239 Wet deposition and aqueous phas
Page 241 and 242: 241 Cloud-drops can evaporate Aeros
Page 245 and 246: Berlin, 19-23 März 2007 Block-Kurs
Page 247 and 248: 247 Messungen von Aerosolen Zusamme
Page 249 and 250: 249 Satelliet-messungen von Aerosol
Page 251 and 252: 251 Mean Ångström coefficient (a)
Page 253 and 254: 253 Secondary inorganic aerosol NO
Page 255 and 256: 255 Erste Ergebnisse Modellierung v
Page 257 and 258: 257 Average BSOA 28 July - 13 Augus
Page 259 and 260: 259 Average computed (LOTOS) wind b
Page 261 and 262: 261 Soot ( Russ) is the same as Bla
Page 263 and 264: 263 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Figure 2
Page 265 and 266: 265 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Figure 4
Page 267 and 268: 267 Block-Kurs Luftchemie SO 3 Scat
Page 269 and 270: 269 Block-Kurs Luftchemie BC to mea
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Model 271 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Verif
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Modelled concentration ( µg/m 3 Mo
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275 Die EU-Rahmenrichtlinien und an
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277 Grenzwerte NO 2 40 µg/m 3 Jahr
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CALCULATED RCG 281 80 70 60 50 40 3
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283 RCG: Zartau: PM10 COMPOSITION 1
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RCG modelling domains. Upper left:
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287 Many problems in understanding
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289 Aerosols are also relevant for
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291 M.Schaap et al. “Anthropogeni
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293 Block-Kurs Luftchemie PM10 MEAN
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295 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Validatie
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297 Diplomthermen TRUMF (2) Verwend
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