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28 Possible fluctuations in concentration levels 1) Higher O 2 levels in the past, upto 25 % Proof. Current insects about 10 cm In the past about 50 cm Probability of forest-fires increases by 70 % with every percent increase in O 2 -concentration, leading to decrease in O 2 -levels Block-Kurs Luftchemie <strong>Berlin</strong>, 19-23 März 2007
29 Air Ocean Block-Kurs Luftchemie The chemical composition of the atmosphere is far from equilibrium CO 2 N 2 O 2 Ar H 2 O NaCl NaNO 3 Present world 0.03 78 21 1 96 3.5 ~ O Equilibrium world 99 0 ~ 0 1 63 35 1.7 <strong>Berlin</strong>, 19-23 März 2007
Page 1 and 2: Block-Kurs Luftchemie 19 - 23 März
Page 3 and 4: 3 Ziel von der Block-Kurs Einführu
Page 5 and 6: 5 Struktur des Kurses (2) Donnersta
Page 7 and 8: 7 I) Entwicklung der Zusammensetzun
Page 9 and 10: 9 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Berlin, 19-
Page 11 and 12: 11 Formation and evolution of the a
Page 13 and 14: 13 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Berlin, 19
Page 17 and 18: 17 Development of the earth atmosph
Page 19 and 20: 19 Averaged composition of volcanic
Page 21 and 22: 21 Formation of O 2 in the atmosphe
Page 25 and 26: 25 Live on earth started in a reduc
Page 27: 27 Respiration: C n H m O p + O 2
Page 31 and 32: 31 Figures from: The revenge of Gai
Page 33 and 34: 33 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Figure 2:
Page 35 and 36: 35 Doom-scenario II New micro-organ
Page 37 and 38: 37 Wissenschaftliche Frage Wie wahr
Page 39 and 40: 39 Aerosols and Cloud Condensation
Page 41 and 42: 41 Also used, especially in air qua
Page 43 and 44: 43 Emission : Anthropogenic and/or
Page 47 and 48: 47 Relative Standard Deviation 10 2
Page 51 and 52: 51 Turbulent diffusion / Eddy diffu
Page 57 and 58: 57 Chemical reactions occur by addi
Page 63 and 64: 63 σ ab (λ) : Absorption cross-se
Page 71 and 72: 71 At 55 ° N January 360 DU Block-
Page 73 and 74: 73 Formation of stratosphere O 3 O
Page 75 and 76: 75 n 1 : conc. O n 2 : conc. O 2 n
Page 77 and 78: 77 Theory of Chapman (1932) From th
Page 79 and 80:
79 O 3 “residence time” Block-K
Page 81 and 82:
81 Block-Kurs Luftchemie N 2 O (ca.
Page 83 and 84:
83 Impact of NO and NO 2 , but also
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85 H 2 O troposphere: 0.2 - 4% stra
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87 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Berlin, 19
Page 89 and 90:
89 Followed by: Cl + O 3 ClO + O 2
Page 91 and 92:
91 Loss reactions for Cl Cl + CH4 H
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Page 95 and 96:
95 Stratospheric ozone budget Block
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97 Block-Kurs Luftchemie F 11: DuPo
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99 British Antartic Survey; 1982 TO
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101 Block-Kurs Luftchemie ‘Om het
Page 103 and 104:
103 Situation Polar night: polar vo
Page 105 and 106:
105 Block-Kurs Luftchemie PSC: Pola
Page 107 and 108:
107 Stratospheric ozone worldwide S
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109 Increase of UV-B leads to Incre
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
(WMO, 2007) 117 Block-Kurs Luftchem
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119 Block-Kurs Luftchemie (WMO, 200
Page 121 and 122:
121 Block-Kurs Luftchemie ODP and G
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123 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Ozone in
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125 Koplung Klima-änderung und Str
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127 Tropospheric ozone 90 % of all
Page 129 and 130:
129 Surface-near ozone at Montsouri
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
133 Increase of tropospheric ozone:
Page 135 and 136:
135 Netto: CH 4 + 8 O 2 → CO + 4
Page 137 and 138:
137 RH : Reactive Hydrocarbons VOC
Page 139 and 140:
139 Block-Kurs Luftchemie O 2 ην
Page 141 and 142:
141 Policy for tropospheric O 3 RH
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Page 145 and 146:
145 The formation of the OH-radical
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147 OH-radical 'discovered' by Levy
Page 149 and 150:
149 Trends in the OH-concentration
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151 Dry Deposition Flux = Fs [conc.
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153 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Dry depos
Page 155 and 156:
155 Dg, Dl = Moleculair Diffusion C
Page 157 and 158:
157 Wet Deposition Two processes: I
Page 159 and 160:
159 Loss term CH 4 + OH ~ 400 Tg/ y
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Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
167 I) Eiszeit Methan Vor 38.000/14
Page 169 and 170:
169 Tropospheric O 3-budget A. Infl
Page 171 and 172:
171 ad B. Deposition flux V d depos
Page 173 and 174:
173 Chem. Prod. Chem. Destr. Netto
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175 Emissions Anthropogenic Biogeni
Page 177 and 178:
177 Contained in fuels S → SO 2 H
Page 179 and 180:
179 Emissie benzine-auto’s N 2 78
Page 181 and 182:
181 Natural emissions Sea-salt (NaC
Page 183 and 184:
183 Resolution needed? Emission Tes
Page 185 and 186:
185 A more refined Budget Analysis
Page 187 and 188:
187 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Examples
Page 189 and 190:
189 Increase in surface ozone from
Page 191 and 192:
191 Block-Kurs Luftchemie ECHAM Ber
Page 193 and 194:
193 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Radiative
Page 195 and 196:
195 Block-Kurs Luftchemie MOGUNTIA
Page 197 and 198:
197 3-D Eulerian grid modelling Glo
Page 199 and 200:
199 Model calculations hour-by-hour
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Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
207 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Waldhof:
Page 209 and 210:
209 Acidification / Eutrophication
Page 211 and 212:
211 Policy based on − Average Acc
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
219 Data assimilation by combining
Page 221 and 222:
221 Ensemble using different CTM’
Page 223 and 224:
223 Yearly mean diurnal cycle of oz
Page 225 and 226:
225 Block-Kurs Luftchemie DEM with
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229 and 230:
229 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Radiative
Page 231 and 232:
231 Aitken particles : r < 0.1 µm
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Page 237 and 238:
237 Removal of aerosols by: Coagula
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239 Wet deposition and aqueous phas
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241 Cloud-drops can evaporate Aeros
Page 243 and 244:
Page 245 and 246:
Berlin, 19-23 März 2007 Block-Kurs
Page 247 and 248:
247 Messungen von Aerosolen Zusamme
Page 249 and 250:
249 Satelliet-messungen von Aerosol
Page 251 and 252:
251 Mean Ångström coefficient (a)
Page 253 and 254:
253 Secondary inorganic aerosol NO
Page 255 and 256:
255 Erste Ergebnisse Modellierung v
Page 257 and 258:
257 Average BSOA 28 July - 13 Augus
Page 259 and 260:
259 Average computed (LOTOS) wind b
Page 261 and 262:
261 Soot ( Russ) is the same as Bla
Page 263 and 264:
263 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Figure 2
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265 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Figure 4
Page 267 and 268:
267 Block-Kurs Luftchemie SO 3 Scat
Page 269 and 270:
269 Block-Kurs Luftchemie BC to mea
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Model 271 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Verif
Page 273 and 274:
Modelled concentration ( µg/m 3 Mo
Page 275 and 276:
275 Die EU-Rahmenrichtlinien und an
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277 Grenzwerte NO 2 40 µg/m 3 Jahr
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CALCULATED RCG 281 80 70 60 50 40 3
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283 RCG: Zartau: PM10 COMPOSITION 1
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RCG modelling domains. Upper left:
Page 287 and 288:
287 Many problems in understanding
Page 289 and 290:
289 Aerosols are also relevant for
Page 291 and 292:
291 M.Schaap et al. “Anthropogeni
Page 293 and 294:
293 Block-Kurs Luftchemie PM10 MEAN
Page 295 and 296:
295 Block-Kurs Luftchemie Validatie
Page 297 and 298:
297 Diplomthermen TRUMF (2) Verwend
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