3pm Journal of Digital research & publishing - artichoke web design

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3pm Journal of Digital research & publishing China Unicom. The charging standard of broadband. Fromhttp://info.10010.com/lt/plugin/portal/detailPluginPortalSeries.do?id=8a0f029f27671383012789960 976107b Jacobs, A. & Helft, M (2010). Google, Citing Attack, Threatens to Exit China, New York Times, January 12, 2010. From http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/13/world/asia/13beijing.html Lawrence, L. (2004), Free Culture, The Pengun press, Chapter Five, Piracy, p63. National education committee (2005). The goal of hold the NCRE. Fromhttp://sk.neea.edu.cn/jsjdj/infor.jsp?infoid=35285&class_id=26_14_10&child_class_id National education committee (2009). From http://sk.neea.edu.cn/jsjdj/index.jsp The commerce department of China (2010). The Chinese per capita income in 2009 only permutated 124 of the world. From http://www.zgjrw.com/News/2010817/home/351522863700.shtml The introduction of Sina, from http://corp.sina.com.cn/eng/sina_intr_eng.htm The introduction of the Thunder, from http://pstatic.xunlei.com/about/company/intro.htm The milestone of Baidu, 2000~2010. From http://home.baidu.com/about/milestone/index.html The milestone of Sina, 1998. From: http://corp.sina.com.cn/chn/sina_info_1998.html The milestone of Soho, 1996~2008. From http://corp.sohu.com/s2007/reverse-chronological-order/ Yang, H. (2007). The per capita income of china doubled in five years, The journalism network of China. From http://news.163.com/07/1011/13/3QHCEGSD0001124J. 115
3pm Journal of Digital research & publishing Ushahidi and Crowdmap: microstreaming as time-binding media Andra Keay UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY Abstract Ushahidi is a Web 3.0 open source crisis-mapping application, developed in 2008, which is being used for humanitarian purposes around the world. Cultural studies calls for a critical approach to ‘the internet’ and its applications. This article considers whether or not Ushahidi could be a ‘liberation technology’ or a ‘disruptive technology’ using Harold Innis’s methodology and compares Ushahidi and Crowdmap with Foursquare and Facebook, to describe how the differences in the applications at the material, semiotic and sociopolitical levels, could help categorise and understand them. This involves a broad appreciation of many fields including the rapid technological shift from Web 2.0 to Web 3.0. An ethical evaluation of the balance of time-binding and space-binding characteristics in these applications is beyond the scope of this article, however attention is drawn to the ways in which life-streaming or micro-streaming applications like Facebook and Ushahidi are performing time-binding to great cultural and political effect. Keywords Web 3.0, liberation technology, DisruptiVe technology, harolD innis, Digital meDia, critical theory, cultural stuDies, space-binDing, life-streaming, microstreaming, time-binDing Ushahidi is more than just a successful crisis-mapping tool. Ushahidi, and its new platform Crowdmap, are amongst the first Web 3.0 technologies using both mechanical and human means to order information and present it in a layered personalisable visual tapestry. The ethical framework of seminal media theorist Harold Innis is a good starting point for analysing the cultural change potential of a new technology. As Ushahidi is a free open source technology, which is now incredibly simple to access and use through the Crowdmap interface, there is also potential for Ushahidi to be used for unethical, repressive, banal or commercial uses. Ushahidi means ‘testimony’ in Swahili and is an African built open source mobile crisis- mapping technology, using crowd sourcing. When Kenyan journalist Ory Okollah wanted someone to help her ‘mashup’ maps of the election violence, which killed hundreds of people in early 2008, she connected with Erik Hersman, an expatriate African innovator. Together they created a website where journalists, activists and citizens could text, tweet or upload reports of violent incidents. Ushahidi displayed colour coded dots on a map and 116
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