SDM Utsav Souvenir - SDMCET

3. Automatic conveyors: Automatic conveyors are used to transport components or material from one location to another location without
manual push and pull to avoid operator fatigue & also ergonomics.
Different types of automatic conveyors are slat conveyors, over head conveyors, single chain & double chain conveyors and roller conveyors.
4. Wheel Alignment machine to check the Toe-in, castor & camber of the vehicle (front axle and wheels)
5. Number punching machines are used for punching numbers on components (and vehicles) for identification which also works on pneumatics
which is widely used in all manufacturing industries.
6. Roller testing machines are used for vehicle testing operation by all the automobile manufactures.
7. Automatic vacuum grippers for lifting various components for assembly.
8. Engine manufacturing- Cylinder head shimming selection machine, very important in controlling emission of engines.
SCADA - Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
Supervisory control & data acquisition is widely used now a days in manufacturing industries to store data and also to monitor a track of the
existing process.
Robotics:
Robot is a reprogrammable, multifunctional manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools, or specialized devices. This is obtained
through various programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks.
Robots can perform jobs more efficiently and quicker than humans with consistent quality. Robots never get sick, can work 24 hrs a day, 7 days a
week. They are very useful in repetitive operations involving high precision, don't get bored, so work that is repetitive and unrewarding is not a
problem.
Industrial robots are now found in manufacturing industries in important applications like...
1. Spot welding, CO2 welding, arc welding operatons for sheet metal components with high precession and accuracy. For example passenger
vehicle plants use Robots for door subassembly, roof subassembly, main assembly of A-pillar, B-pillar, side panels & roof.
Maruti's weld shop and Tata motor's passenger vehicle body shop plant are completely automated with robots for spot welding for various
components like fender subassembly, door sub-assy, bonnet sub-assy.
2. Loading & unloading of components on the fixture for performing Sub-assembly or assembly to eliminate operator fatigue in manual lifting
3. Robots are used in glass gluing system to maintain accuracy and avoid wastages
Vehicle front & back door glass gluing is done using programised robots.
4. Robots are widely used in paint shop like spray painting, cathodic paint, Polishing
M&M uses Robotic sprayer in it's paint shops for painting of all SUVs and passenger cars.
5. Material handling robots are widely used in warehouse for Pick and place
For example: Ford India plant is using Palletized robots for stacking products on pallets.
Current limits
Many roles for humans in industrial processes presently lie beyond the scope of automation. Human-level pattern recognition, language
recognition, and language production ability are well beyond the capabilities of modern mechanical and computer systems. Tasks requiring
subjective assessment or synthesis of complex sensory data, such as scents and sounds, as well as high-level tasks such as strategic planning,
currently require human expertise. In many cases, the use of humans is more cost-effective than mechanical approaches even where
automation of industrial tasks is possible.
Impact of Automation on Employment
It was believed, for years together that automation brought productivity improvements through reductions in employment. But the results
simply did not emerge. Head counts were not reduced sufficiently to keep pace with the additional costs of automation equipment—the
original investment, plus operator training, maintenance and upgrades. Almost all of the automation/mechanization initiatives in India were
aimed at increasing the output and not at reducing the manpower.
Surely, one should agree, automation has resulted in drastic dislocations in employment patterns. Personnel replaced due to automation are
relocated or retrained to learn newer and higher skills thus creating new jobs. When automation was first introduced, it caused widespread fear.
It was thought that the displacement of human workers by computerized systems would lead to unemployment which had also happened with
mechanization, centuries earlier. In fact the opposite was true, the freeing up of the labor force allowed more people to enter information jobs,
which are typically higher paying.
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