Rural water supply and water demand ... - Up To - SOPAC

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[33] A. EQUIPMENT FOR LEAK DETECTION AND LOCATION A Review of the Equipment Equipment Comments / Application Limitations ‘Basic’ Listening Stick ‘Electronic’ Listening Stick Electronic ground microphone Electronic ground microphone with sound frequency filters Rudimentary sounding of SVs, FHs, MSTs etc. General sounding of SVs, FHs, MSTs etc. Better than ‘Basic’ Stick due to sound amplification. Is sometimes used to confirm ‘best leak sound’ position after correlation. More sensitive than the electronic stick, generally used to confirm ‘best leak sound’ after correlation, powerful enough to listen to leak sounds through ‘made roadways’. Can be used for general sounding with a probe screwed into microphone. As sensitive as the ground microphone with the added advantage of the inspector being able to adjust filters and remove some unwanted sounds. Generally used to confirm ‘best leak sound’ after correlation. Powerful enough to listen to leak sounds through ‘made roadways’. Can be used for general sounding with a probe screwed into microphone. [MR351 - Schölzel] Some smaller leak sounds may go undetected (good ear required by inspector). Few limitations, generally useful part of the inspectors ‘tool kit’. Better than ‘Basic’ Stick, not as good as ground microphone (see below). More ‘cumbersome’ to use than listening stick. Some inspectors do not like to use microphones, they prefer the electronic stick. More ‘cumbersome’ to use than listening stick. Some inspectors do not like to use microphones, they prefer the electronic stick
[34] Equipment Comments / Application Limitations Acoustic Detection Loggers ‘Stores’ sounds within the distribution system usually between 02:00 and 04:00. Loggers are set up and downloaded using a PC. Leak sounds are identified by the ‘range’ of sounds recorded by the logger. Useful for areas where normal leak location activities cannot be used. Step Test Unit Mobile Advanced Step Tester (MAST) system. Used for remote monitoring of flows whilst carrying out step tests within distribution networks. Allows almost instant results of valve closure leading to minimum disruption to customers. Leak location activity can be carried out quickly rather than waiting for ‘office based’ analysis of step tests using data loggers. Leak Noise Correlators - various Can also be used for remote monitoring of pressure during valve closure (critical node monitoring whilst setting up PMAs or DMAs). Used for general ‘surveying’ of lengths of main for leak sounds followed by more accurate leak location. Various ‘models’ available from easy to use menu driven machines to PC controlled FFT machines for more ‘difficult’ jobs. Sensitive enough for quiet leak sounds, can survey long lengths of main rather than manual sounding of individual valves. PC based correlator can be used for other applications [MR351 - Schölzel] Does not locate actual leak position, can give identification that leak is taking place. Valve closure required, may cause discoloration / water quality problems. Difficult to use during day as some disruption to supplies will take place (unless areas are ‘back fed’ when valve closure takes place). Step tests need to be planned to gain best results. Very accurate when all data inputs can be guaranteed. Limited to the fact that main material, length, velocities can cause errors in calculations if not accurately entered. A reasonable level of inspector training, skill and experience is required for use. The better the information the better the result.
Page 1 and 2: SOPAC Water Resources Unit Water De
Page 3 and 4: [4] Summary This report summarises
Page 5 and 6: [6] Introduction In the past, devel
Page 7 and 8: [8] Acknowledgment The SOPAC Secret
Page 9 and 10: [10] In general, economies of scale
Page 11 and 12: [12] Table 1: Identified WDM topics
Page 13 and 14: [14] The design population for Mele
Page 15 and 16: Flow [l/s] 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 [16] Flo
Page 17 and 18: Figure 6: Imposed demand according
Page 19 and 20: [20] References Montgomery & Watson
Page 21 and 22: [22] Appendix 2: Mele-Maat System I
Page 23 and 24: [24] [MR351 - Schölzel]
Page 25 and 26: [26] [MR351 - Schölzel]
Page 27 and 28: A. General Operational Data Managem
Page 29 and 30: Data loggers [30] Data loggers are
Page 31: • estimated leakage and priority
Page 35: Leak detection equipment costs [36]

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