NPCIL Corporate Profile - Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited

CORPORATE
PROFILE
N P C I L
NUCLEAR POWER CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED
(A Govt. of India Enterprise)

1
N P C I L
Nuclear Power - An Inevitable Option
Electricity is a basic input which is closely
related to the economic development of a country. In
spite of the impressive strides in increasing overall
installed capacity in the country, we are still facing
power shortages. Options available for commercial
electricity generation are hydro, thermal, nuclear and
renewables. In the energy planning of the country, a
judicious mix of hydro, thermal, nuclear and
renewable is an important aspect. Diversified energy
resource-base is essential to meet electricity
requirements and to ensure long-term energy
security. With the limited resources of coal and oil
available in the country and with growing global
concerns of greenhouse gases generated by fossilfuel-fired-stations,
nuclear power is being called
upon to play a greater role in medium- and longterm
perspective.
Resource
India's long-term nuclear power programme is based
on utilising the vast indigenous thorium resources for
electricity generation. India's uranium resources can
support a first-stage programme of about 10,000 MW
based on Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs)
using natural uranium as fuel and heavy water as
moderator and coolant. The energy potential of natural
uranium can be increased to about 3,00,000 MW in the
second stage though Fast Breeder Reactors (FBRs) which
utilise plutonium obtained from the recycled spent fuel of
the first stage along with thorium as blanket, to produce U-
233. With the deployment of thorium at third stage using U-
233 as fuel, the energy potential for electricity generation is
large and substantial. Indigenous industrial infrastructure
for reactor programme is well- developed. Special
infrastructure for the production of fuel, heavy water,
reactor control and instrumentation have been developed
within the Department of Atomic Energy. Indian industry
has gained valuable experience and reached a stage of
maturity in manufacturing equipment components and
handling of mega package contracts for these reactors.
Fossil
India’s Energy Resource Base
Coal
Hydrocarbon
Non-Fossil
Nuclear
Uranium metal
In PHWR
In Fast Breeders
Thorium metal
In Breeders
Renewable
Long - Term Nuclear Power Programme
Hydro
Non-conv. Renewable
Amount
38 Billion T
12 Billion T
61,000 T
2,25,000 T
150 GW
100 GW
(Source: Department of Atomic Energy)
Stage
Natural
uranium
dioxide
fuel
131603
MW
Electricity Potential
(GW-year)
7,614
5,833
328
42,231
1,55,502
69
33
India's Nuclear Strategy
38990
MW
INSTALLED CAPACITY
4780
MW
Thermal
Hydro
Nuclear
(Source: CEA.)

N P C I L
NPCIL-Power Behind Nuclear Power
Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL)
is a Public Sector Enterprise under the Department of
Atomic Energy (DAE), Government of India. It was
incorporated on September 17, 1987 as a Public Limited
Company under the Companies Act 1956, with the
objective of operating the atomic power stations and
implementing the atomic power projects for the generation
of electricity, in pursuance of the schemes and
programmes of Government of India under the Atomic
Energy Act.
The formation of NPCIL was necessitated to give it
operational flexibility and raise financial resources from
the capital market to finance the setting up of the projects.
The authorised share capital of the company is Rs. 15,000
crores of which Rs. 10174 crores is paid up as on
31/03/2012 which is fully subscribed by the Government
of India.
NPCIL - Mission
To develop nuclear power technology and to produce nuclear power as a safe, environmentally benign and an
economically viable source of electrical energy to meet the increasing electricity needs of the country.
Board of Directors
Generation in the year 2011-12
Generation in the year 2011 -12
(Status as on March 31, 2012) MUs
Thermal 708806
Hydro 130510
Import from Bhutan 5285
Nuclear 32287
Total 876888
Installed Capacity as on March 2012 MW
Thermal 131603
Nuclear 4780
RES 24504
Hydro 38990
Total 199877
th
Capacity Addition in XI Plan MW
Target:
Realisation:
78700
Thermal 48540
Hydro 5544
Nuclear 880
Total Addition 54964
(Source: CEA )
The business of the company (NPCIL) is managed by the Board of Directors appointed by the President of India.
The Chairman and Managing Director is the Chief Executive of the company and looks after the day-to-day affairs of the
company under the superintendence of the Board of Directors.
NPCIL at a Glance th
Date Of Establishment 17 September,1987
Authorised Share Capital Rs. 15,000 crores
Paid Up Capital (31/03/2012) Rs. 10,174 crores
Number of Units in Commercial operation 19*
Total Installed Capacity *
4680
MW
* in addition to these units, RAPS-1 (100 MW) is owned by the Department of Atomic Energy and managed by NPCIL
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3
N P C I L
Success Stories
� Repair of the Over-Pressure Relief Device (OPRD)
of Rajasthan Atomic Power Station unit-1 (RAPS-1)
� Enmasse Coolant Channel Replacement (EMCCR)
and Safety Upgradation was carried out for the first
time in RAPS-2, totally with indigenous efforts.
Subsequently, EMCCR was carried out in five more
reactors - MAPS 1&2, NAPS 1&2 and KAPS-1.
� Restoration of MAPS 1&2 to their original rating of
220 MW by innovative solution of spargers.
� Enmasse Feeder Replcement (EMFR) carried out
for the first time in the world in a PHWR at MAPS-1.
Subsequently EMFR carried out at RAPS-2, NAPS
1&2 and KAPS-1
� Detection and successful Repair of leak in
Calandria Vault of KAPS-1 (high radiation field area)
carried out by indigenously developed remote tools
& technology, in parallel with EMCCR & EMFR.
� The complex task of core shroud inspection was
carried out successfully for TAPS, with remote
handling tools developed indigenously by DAE/
NPCIL. These units are operating for more than 40
years. Plant life extension works are being carried
out progressively.
Performance Highlights
� During the year 2011-12, NPCIL achieved its
highest ever generation of 32,455 Million Units of
electricity. The generation was 23% higher than
that in 2010-11 (26473 MUs).
� The nuclear power reactors under IAEA
safeguards, for which imported fuel is available in
the required quantity, operated with overall 97%
capacity factor.
� The overall Availability Factor of the reactors in
operation continued to be high at 91% during the
year.
� Tarapur Atomic Power Station unit-3 (TAPS-3), 540
MW Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR),
achieved a continuous operation for 522 days, thus
joining the fleet of 9 nuclear power reactors which
have earlier recorded continuous operation over
one year.
� During the year 2011-12, NPCIL’s Profit After
Tax(PAT) was Rs. 1906 crore, 39% higher than the
last year’s profit of Rs. 1376 crore in view of higher
generation
� A dividend of Rs. 572 crore for the year paid to the
Govt. of India
� NPCIL's instruments continued to be maintained at
AAA rating
� The safety record of NPCIL was maintained
impeccable over 362 cumulative reactor-years of
safe, accident free operation
� Three projects namely KKNPP - 1 & 2 (2 X 1000
MW LWRs), KAPP - 3 & 4 ( 2X 700 MW PHWRs)
and RAPP - 7 & 8 (2 X 700 MW PHWRs) are under
various stages of construction and commissioning.
KKNPP Unit - 1 have been made ready for fuel
loading.
� The Public outreach has been accorded a high
priority and necessary organizational structures
and mechanisms have been enhanced.
� Pre-project activities like MoEF clearance, land
acquisition, site infrastructure development works,
etc. are in various stages of progress at green field
sites in Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra
Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan and West Bengal.

N P C I L
DETAILS OF OPERATING REACTORS (TOTAL 4780 MW)
Operating Reactors Type of Reactor Rated Capacity MW Location Commercial Operation
TAPS-1
TAPS-2
TAPS-3
TAPS-4
RAPS-1
RAPS-2
RAPS-3
RAPS-4
RAPP-5
RAPP-6
MAPS-1
MAPS-2
NAPS-1
NAPS-2
KAPS-1
KAPS-2
KAIGA-1
KAIGA-2
KAIGA-3
KAIGA-4
Projects
Kudankulam-1
Kudankulam-2
Fast Breeder*
KAPP - 3
KAPP - 4
RAPP - 7
RAPP - 8
* Being implemented by BHAVINI
Particulars
Generation (MUs)
Availability Factor, %
CRISIL Credit Rating
BWR
BWR
PHWR
PHWR
PHWR
PHWR
PHWR
PHWR
PHWR
PHWR
PHWR
PHWR
PHWR
PHWR
PHWR
PHWR
PHWR
PHWR
PHWR
PHWR
160
160
540
540
100
200
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
Tarapur
(Maharashtra)
Rawatbhata
(Rajasthan)
Kalpakkam
(Tamil Nadu)
Narora
(U.P.)
Kakrapar
(Gujarat)
Kaiga
(Karnataka)
Reactors under Construction (Total 5300 MW)
2004-2005
16709
88
AAA
Highest
Safety
Type of
Reactor
VVER
VVER
PFBR 500
PHWR
PHWR
PHWR
PHWR
Peformance of NPCIL
Rated Capacity
(MW)
1000
1000
700
700
700
700
28/10/1969
28/10/1969
18/08/2006
12/09/2005
16/12/1973
01/04/1981
01/06/2000
23/12/2000
04/02/2010
31/03/2010
27/01/1984
21/03/1986
01/01/1991
01/07/1992
06/05/1993
01/09/1995
16/11/2000
16/03/2000
05/05/2007
20/01/2011
Location
Kudankulam
(Tamil Nadu)
Kalpakkam
(Tamil Nadu)
Kakarapar
(Gujarat)
Rawatbhata
(Rajasthan)
2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 2010-2011 2011-2012
17324 18804 16956 14927 18831 26473 32455
89 85 83 82 92 89 91
AAA
Highest
Safety
AAA
Highest
Safety
AAA
Highest
Safety
AAA
Highest
Safety
AAA
Highest
Safety
AAA
Highest
Safety
AAA
Highest
Safety
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N P C I L
ISO-14001 and IS-18001 Certification:
All the nuclear power stations namely Narora, Kakrapar, Tarapur, Kalpakkam, Rajasthan and Kaiga have been
certified for ISO-14001 (Environment Management System) and IS-18001 (Occupational Health and Safety
Management System).
This certification provides for :
� Compliance with applicable environmental legislation and regulations along with a commitment for continual
improvement.
� Improved corporate commitment to environmental protection and conservation of resources.
Typical ESL at one of the Nuclear Power Plants of NPCIL
10.15
39.60
3.12
0.42
0.75
1.47
1000
2400
0
TAPS RAPS MAPS NAPS KAPS KGS AERB Natural
LIMIT Average
2500
2000
1500
1000
Average Radiation Dose from NPPs at 1.6 Km for Year (2010)
500
Dose Micro Sievert/year (µSv/y)
Ensuring Environmental
Protection
Protection of the plant personnel, the
environment and the public is an important
consideration in the design, construction and
operation of the nuclear power stations. The
radiation source is adequately shielded, monitored
in all operation and constantly maintenance works
on the active systems are carried out strictly
according to approved procedures.
The release of radioctivity to the environment
from nuclear power stations is in very small
quantities, in any case well within the limits
stipulated by the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board
(AERB). The radiation dose due to actual releases is
insignificant compared to the dose that from the
natural radiation background. A person living at the
fence post of a nuclear power station receives a
radiation dose in 20 years equivalent to the radiation
dose of a single chest X-ray indicating the adequacy
of radiation control in nuclear power plants.
It is interesting to compare the radiation
exposures resulting from the operation of a nuclear
power plant in India to the unavoidable natural
background radiation exposure. Detailed surveys
have shown that normal natural background
radiation in different parts of the country varies from

N P C I L
2.07 mSv/year (a unit for radiation measurement) at Tarapur in Maharashtra to 3.1 mSv/yr at Narora in Uttar
Pradesh. It is estimated that annual average maximum individual exposure at a plant boundary of nuclear power
stations is less then 0.1 mSv/year. These small additional exposures are indistinguishable in the large variation of
natural background that are observed and have no impact whatsoever on the health of the population.
Environment Survey Laboratory with advanced monitoring equipments are set-up at each of the sites,
before commissioning of the nuclear plants. These ESLs monitor, environmental matters like air, water, soil, crop,
vegetation, fish, meat, food stuff etc., upto an area of 30 kms radius form the plant for radioactivity. The background
level of radiation is established for comparison after commissioning of the plants. The data from the ESLs over the
last 43 years of operation of nuclear power plants in India has shown that, there is no significant rise in radioactivity
due to the operation of nuclear power plants over the natural background radiation.
Safety of Nuclear Power Stations
Safety has been given paramount importance in design,
construction and operation of nuclear power stations. To
ensure the safety of reactor, a defence-in-depth philosophy is
followed, which leads to multiple barriers, diversity,
redundancy, independence and fail-safe design of the safetyrelated
systems. Safety of nuclear power stations is further
ensured through sound design, using international standards
and codes, stringent quality assurance, approved operating
procedures, in-service inspection and maintenance of safety
systems, etc.
ACCIDENT
INCIDENT
DEVIATION
0
2
1
3
5
4
6
7
Major Accident
Serious Accident
Accident with off-site risk
Accident without
significant off-site risk
Serious incident
Incident
Anomaly
No safety
significant
International Nuclear Event Scale (INES)
PRIMARY
CONTAINMENT
FUEL
CLADDING
EXCLUSION ZONE
(Not to scale)
SECONDARY
CONTAINMENT
FUEL
HEAT
TRANSPORT
SYSTEM
International Nuclear Event Scale
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) classifies
nuclear events in the International Nuclear Event Scale
(INES). INES is a 0 to 7 point scale. Events at level 0 are
‘deviations’ and have no safety significance. Events of level 1
to 3 are ‘incidents’. Events of level 4 to 7 are ‘accidents’. In
India, no nuclear accident as defined by INES of IAEA has
occurred so far over 362 reactor years of operation.
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N P C I L
Nuclear Waste Management
A unique feature of nuclear power plants is the generation of
extremely low quantity of radioactive waste. The spent fuel containing most
of the high level radioactivity is not considered waste as it produces
valuable fuel for future reactors. Spent fuel is sent for reprocessing for the
extraction of plutonium, uranium and other useful isotopes. High-level
waste is immobilised by vitrification in glass matrix, encapsulated in
stainless steel double- walled canisters and kept for interim storage for about 30 years under surveillance in concrete
vault lined with stainless steel for decay of radioactivity. Ultimately waste is disposed off in deep underground geological
repository with protective barriers.
During the process of generation of electricity, small quantity of low- and intermediate-level solid wastes are
produced in nuclear power stations. After treatment, these wastes are disposed off within the plant premises in earthen
trenches, reinforced cement concrete trenches or tile-holes, depending upon the radiation levels. Bore-holes are made
around the disposal site for sample collection and analysis to ensure no leakage of radioactivity to the outside.
Small quantities of very low levels of gaseous and liquid radioactive wastes are also produced in nuclear power
stations. Gaseous wastes are filtered, monitored and disposed off through a 100-m tall stack. Liquid wastes are diluted
and generally sent to water body and are monitored. The radioactivity levels of gaseous and liquid wastes disposed off,
are very low compared to regulatory stipulations. The impact of these wastes on the environment is estimated to be less
than 1% of the stipulated dose limit for the general public.
International Co-operation
The volume of high level waste generated in a day for
supplying electricity to a metro like Mumbai or Delhi
would be (just 6 kg), about the volume of 2 bricks.
With the successful conclusion of International cooperation the isolation of India from the world
nuclear community has ceased and has paved way for global nuclear commerce including the fuel supply
and setting up of Light water reactors of 1000 MW or larger size capacity in India.
The international cooperation has enabled import of fuel for use in reactors to be placed under
safeguards in accordance with the Separation Plan. Contracts for supply of fuel, 300 tons from AREVA,
France and 2000 tons from TVEL, Russian Federation, and 2000 tons from Kazakhstan have been
concluded. Presently nine reactors – TAPS 1&2, RAPS 2 to 6 and KAPS 1&2 with a total capacity of 1840
MW are fuelled by imported fuel and are operating at full power.
NPCIL has signed MoUs with Areva, GE Hitachi (GEH) and Westinghouse Electric Company
(WEC) for setting up nuclear power plants in the country based on technical cooperation. NPCIL is in
discussion with these companies and also with Atomstroyexport (ASE) of Russian Federation to arrive at
detailed project proposals for setting up nuclear power plants of their respective technologies in India.

N P C I L
Future Nuclear Power Programme
The present nuclear power capacity in the country is 4780 MW. With the completion of the projects under
construction (KKNPP-1&2 – 2x1000 MW at Kundankulam, Tamil Nadu, KAPP- 3&4 – 2x700 MW at Kakrapar, Gujarat
and RAPP- 7&8 – 2x700 MW at Rawatbhata, Rajasthan) and Proto type Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) of 500 MW at
Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, the nuclear power capacity will reach to 10080 MW by the year 2017. Design of the 700-MW
PHWRs has been evolved in NPCIL.
The inland sites at Gorakhpur in Haryana, Chutka and Bhimpur in Madhya Pradesh, Mahi Banswara in Rajasthan
and Kaiga 5 & 6 in Karnataka have been approved "In-Principle", by the government for setting up indigenous 700 MW
PHWRs. The import option in addition to the indigenous programme opens up the possibility of significant capacity
addition. In addition to the inland sites for indigeneious 700 MW PHWRs, costal sites at three locations at Chhayamithi
Virdi in Gujarat, Haripur in West Bengal and Kovvada in Andhra Pradesh for setting up of 1000 MW or larger capacity
LWRs based on International Cooperation, have been approved 'In Principle' by the Government in October 2009. The
Government has also accorded approval for the full potential of Kudankulam (6x1000MW) and Jaitapur (6x1650MW)
sites. Currently Pre-project activities are going on at these sites.
Projected Nuclear Power Capacity up to 12th Plan (March 2017)
Details of Reactor Units Total Capacity (MW)
REACTORS IN OPERATION 4780
2 BWRs (2x160 MW), 18 PHWRs
(1x100, 1x200, 14x220, 2x540) MW
REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION (Presently)
5300
VVERs (2x1000) MW 2000
PFBR (1x500) MW* 500
4 PHWRs (4x700) MW 2800
* Being implemented by BHAWINI
Kakrapar
2x220
2x700
Tarapur
2x160
2x540
Kaiga
4x220
Narora
2x220
Rawatbhata
1x100
1x200
4x220
2x700
Kalpakkam
2x220
1x500
Kudankulam
2x1000
In Operation
- 20 Units - 4780 MWe
Under Construction
- 7 Units - 5300 MWe
(Note to Scale)
TOTAL 10080
This location is for the
illustrative purpose,
showing only the numbers
and approximate locations
of nuclear power plants.
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N P C I L
LIST OF MOUs and Agreements by NPCIL
� NPCIL and BHEL (Bharat Heavy
Electricals Ltd.) signed a
Memorandum of Understanding
(MoU) on April 04, 2008 to form a
Joint Venture Company (JVC) for
carrying out Engineering,
Procurement and Construction
activities for Conventional Island
of Nuclear Power Plants.
� NPCIL and L&T formed a JV on
September 01, 2010 for special
steel s and heavy forging.
� The JVC company Anushakti
Vidhyut Nigam Limited between
NPCIL and NTPC (National
Thermal Power Corporation Ltd) is
incorporated on January 27, 2011
for setting up Nuclear Power
Plants.
� The JVC company Nuclear
Energy Corporation Ltd between
NPCIL and Indian Oil
incorporated on April 06, 2011 for
setting up Nuclear Power Plants.
� The JVC company NPCIL-
NALCO Power Company Ltd
between NPCIL and NALCO
(National Aluminium Company
Limited) is incorporated on March
02, 2012 for setting up Nuclear
Power Plants.
� NPCIL and THDC (Tehri Hydro
Development Corporation Ltd.)
signed MoU on February 27, 2007
to cooperate and collaborate for
Development of Hydroelectric
projects.
� NPCIL and KAZATOMPROM,
Russia signed MoU on January
24, 2009 for cooperation in
Nuclear Industry
� NPCIL and AREVA, France
signed Agreement on February
04, 2009 for setting up EPRs in
India
� NPCIL and ITER signed MoU on
February 12, 2009 for cooperation
for ITER Projects
� NPCIL and GEH (GE Hitachi
Nuclear Energy), USA signed a
MoU on March 20, 2009 for
ABWRs in India
� NPCIL and WEC (Westinghouse
Electric Company), USA signed
MoU on May 28, 2009 for setting
up AP1000 reactors in India
� NPCIL and Bombay Natural
History Society(BHNS) India,
singed a MoU to meet the long
term objectives of Environmental
Stewardship Programme (ESP)
being pursued by NPCIL on July
16, 2009
� NPCIL and KEPCO (Korea
Electric Power Corporation),
Korea signed MoU on August 27,
2009 for covering bilateral
cooperation in Nuclear power
� MoU between NPCIL and Rural
Electrification Corporation Ltd
(REC) signed on October 18,
2010 for funding capital outlay and
financial services.
� NPCIL and Power Finance
Corporation Ltd (PFC) signed a
MoU on October 28, 2010
� NPCIL and Electronics
Corporation Of India Ltd(ECIL)
signed a MoU on December 03,
2010
� NPCIL and Engineers India Ltd
(EIL) signed a Memorandum of
Cooperation (MoC) on February
01, 2011

N P C I L
NPCIL’s - Plants under operation and construction
Tarapur Atomic Power Station Units 1 & 2
2 x160 MW, Tarapur, Maharashtra
Narora Atomic Power Station Units 1 & 2
2 x 220 MW, Narora, Uttar Pradesh
Kaiga Generating Station Units 1 - 4
4 x 220 MW, Kaiga, Karnataka
Kudankulam Atomic Power Project Units 1 & 2
2 x 1000 MW, Kundankulam, Tamil Nadu
Rajasthan Atomic Power Station Units 1 & 2
100 MW, 200 MW, Rawatbhata, Rajasthan
Kakrapar Atomic Power Station Units 1 & 2
2 x 220 MW, Kakrapar, Gujarat
Tarapur Atomic Power Station Units 3 & 4
2 x 540 MW, Tarapur, Maharashtra
Kakrapar Atomic Power Project Units 3 & 4
2 x 700 MW, Kakrapar, Gujarat
Madras Atomic Power Station Units 1 & 2
2 x 220 MW, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu
Rajasthan Atomic Power Station Units 3 & 4
2 x 220 MW, Rawatbhata, Rajasthan
Rajasthan Atomic Power Station Units 5 & 6
2 x 220 MW, Rawatbhata, Rajasthan
Rajasthan Atomic Power Project Units 7 & 8
2 x 700 MW, Rawatbhata, Rajasthan
10

N P C I L
Published by:
Directorate of Corporate Planning & Corporate Communications (CP&CC)
6-S-14, Vikram Sarabhai Bhawan, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai- 400094
E-mail: cpcc@npcil.co.in
Website: www.npcil.nic.in
August 2012