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Proceedings of the Desert Fishes Council 2000

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE DESERT FISHES COUNCIL - VOLUME XXX1I (<strong>2000</strong> SYMPOSIUM) – PUBLISHED NOVEMBER 13, 2001<br />

Butler, VL 1 ; Delacorte, MG 2<br />

(1-Portland State University; 2-California State University, Sacramento)<br />

<strong>Desert</strong> fishes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> past: archaeological fish remains from Owens Valley, California<br />

ABSTRACT<br />

Excavation <strong>of</strong> multiple archaeological sites in Owens Valley, California, has provided a substantial<br />

assemblage <strong>of</strong> fish remains spanning much <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> last 8000 years. Striking changes in taxonomic representation<br />

and body size are indicated. Large-bodied Catostomus fumeiventris (Owens sucker) dominates early sites that<br />

date before 4500 years ago; Gila bicolor (tui chub) and smaller Catostomus predominate in later sites that date<br />

to <strong>the</strong> last 500 years. Two main factors, environmental change and cultural use patterns, may account for <strong>the</strong>se<br />

trends. The environmental explanation suggests that changes in extent and stability <strong>of</strong> aquatic habitat favored<br />

different fish taxa given differences in life history strategies. The cultural explanation holds that <strong>the</strong>re was a<br />

wider expansion in resource use, leading to scheduling conflicts and shifts in fish use. These explanations are<br />

examined along with <strong>the</strong> difficulty <strong>of</strong> distinguishing environmental from cultural factors in accounting for<br />

change in <strong>the</strong> archaeological record.<br />

RESUMEN<br />

Peces del desierto del pasado: restos arqueológicos ícticos del Valle Owens, California<br />

La excavación de sitios arqueológicos del Valle Owens ha aportado un importante conjunto de restos de<br />

peces que abarcan la mayor parte de los últimos 8,000 años. Se aprecian impresionantes cambios de la<br />

representación taxonómica y tamaño corporal. Individuos de cuerpo grande de Catostomus fumeiventris<br />

(matalote del Owens) dominan en los sitios tempranos de hace más de 4,500 años; Gila bicolor (carpa tui) e<br />

individuos de cuerpo más pequeño de Catostomus predominan en sitios más recientes que abarcan los últimos<br />

500 años. Estas tendencias pudieran deberse a dos factores primordiales, cambio ambiental y patrones culturales<br />

de uso. La explicación relacionada con el ambiente sugiere que los cambios en extensión y estabilidad del<br />

hábitat acuático favorecerían a diferentes taxa de peces dependiendo de diferencias en las estrategias de sus<br />

ciclos de vida. La explicación relacionada con la cultura establece que había una expansión más amplia en la<br />

utilización de recursos, resultando en conflictos y cambios en el aprovechamiento de los peces. Ambas<br />

explicaciones son examinadas enfatizando la dificultad de distinguir factores culturales y ambientales para<br />

explicar el cambio en el registro arqueológico.<br />

Giese, AR; Hedrick, PW<br />

(Arizona State University, Department <strong>of</strong> Biology)<br />

Disease resistance in <strong>the</strong> endangered Gila topminnow<br />

ABSTRACT<br />

Introduced diseases pose a serious threat to endangered species. Small populations experience reduced<br />

genetic variation which may in turn increase susceptibility to novel pathogens. The Gila topminnow,<br />

Poeciliopsis o. occidentalis, currently exists in four watersheds in Arizona. Using sample fish from<br />

representative captive populations maintained at Arizona State University, we tested <strong>the</strong> resistance <strong>of</strong> Gila<br />

topminnows to a novel pathogen, Vibrio anguillarum, which causes vibriosis in fish. Results indicated<br />

differential resistance between populations. Conservation implications are discussed in <strong>the</strong> context <strong>of</strong> previously<br />

documented genetic variability between populations for genes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> major histocompatibility complex.<br />

RESUMEN<br />

Resistencia del guatopote del Gila a las enfermedades<br />

Las enfermedades introducidas representan una seria amenaza para las especies en peligro. Las poblaciones<br />

pequeñas experimentan una reducción en la variabilidad genética que puede a su vez aumentar la<br />

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