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Bulletin de liaison et d'information - Institut kurde de Paris

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I<br />

I<br />

r<br />

L<br />

INSTITUT<br />

URD<br />

DE PARIS<br />

<strong>Bull<strong>et</strong>in</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>liaison</strong> <strong>et</strong> <strong>d'information</strong><br />

[ N° 105 I<br />

Décembre 1993


"<br />

Ce bull<strong>et</strong>in paraît en français, allemand, anglais,<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>, espagnol <strong>et</strong> turc.<br />

Prix au numéro: France: 30 FF - Etranger: 35 FF<br />

Abonnement annuel (12 numéros) France: 300 .FF - Etranger: 350 FF<br />

Périodique mensuel<br />

Directeur <strong>de</strong> la publication: Mobamad HAS SAN<br />

.,<br />

Numéro <strong>de</strong> la Commission Paritaire:<br />

ISSN 0761 1285<br />

659 15 A.S.<br />

INSTITUT KURDE, 106, rue La Fay<strong>et</strong>te - 75010 PARIS<br />

Tél. : (1) 48 24 64 64 - Fax: 47 70 99 04


Sommaire<br />

• UN COMITÉ DE L'ONU DÉNONCE<br />

«lA PRATIQUE SYSTÉMATIQUE DE lA TORTURE» EN TURQUIE<br />

I<br />

I<br />

• L'ARMEETURQUE COMPTERAIT 250 000 DESERTEURS<br />

• lA FRANCE INTERDIT DES ASSOCIATIONS RÉPUTÉES<br />

PROCHES DU PKK<br />

• AINSI QUE ...<br />

I<br />

I<br />

• TEMOIGNAGE: LES IMMIGRES DE lA GUERRE KURDE<br />

• CHRONIQUE DE lA GUERRE AU KURDISTAN DE TURQUIE<br />

• EN BREF, lA REVUE DE PRESSE<br />

E Comité <strong>de</strong>s Nations Unies<br />

contre la torture, présidé<br />

par M. Joseph Voyame,an-<br />

~;i:.' <strong>de</strong>n chef <strong>de</strong> l'Office fédéral<br />

,helvétique <strong>de</strong> la Justice,<br />

dans un rapport rendu public le 21<br />

novembre, accuse les autorités turques<br />

<strong>de</strong> tolérer une «pratique systématique<br />

<strong>de</strong> la torture, en particulier<br />

par les organes dépendant du ministère<br />

<strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur».<br />

Le comité est un organe <strong>de</strong> surveillance<br />

<strong>et</strong> d'enquête mis en place<br />

par la Convention <strong>de</strong>s Nations Unies<br />

contre la torture dont la Turquie est<br />

Un comité <strong>de</strong> l'ONUdénonce<br />

«lapratique systématique <strong>de</strong> la torture»<br />

en Turquie<br />

signataire. Sesprocédures sont géné- décidé <strong>de</strong> dénoncer publiquement la<br />

ralement discrètes. Il intervient Turquie <strong>et</strong> d'inviter Ankara à prendre<br />

auprès <strong>de</strong>s gouvernements en leur <strong>de</strong>s mesures énergiques <strong>et</strong> efficaces<br />

présentant <strong>de</strong>s «recommandations» pour m<strong>et</strong>tre fin à ces actes dégradans<br />

l'espoir d'obtenir <strong>de</strong>s améliora- dants.<br />

tions sur les pratiques contraires à la<br />

convention. Devant le caractère mas- L'abondance <strong>de</strong>s témoignages sur les<br />

sif<strong>et</strong> systématique<strong>de</strong>s violationscom- tortures pratiquées par les organes <strong>de</strong><br />

mises par la Turquie, le Comité a, sécurité turcs avait conduit le Comité<br />

pour la première fois<strong>de</strong> son histoire, à engager, ilya trois ans, une enquête.


• 2 • Bulle/ill <strong>de</strong> liaisoll e/ d'iI~for1l1a1ioll Il °J()5 • Décembre 1993<br />

Le gouvernement turc, après avoir<br />

dans un premier temps refusé d'y<br />

collaborer, a dû finalement y consentir.<br />

En juin <strong>de</strong>rnier une délégation du<br />

Comité composée <strong>de</strong> son prési<strong>de</strong>nt<br />

Voyame <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> M. Alexis Dipanda<br />

Monelle, prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong> la Cour Suprême<br />

du Cameroun, s'est rendue sur<br />

place. Les <strong>de</strong>ux enquêteurs, accompagnés<br />

d'un mé<strong>de</strong>cin, ont eu <strong>de</strong>s entr<strong>et</strong>iens<br />

à Ankara <strong>et</strong> à Diyarbakir avec<br />

une soixantaine <strong>de</strong> détenus. Malgré<br />

<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>s insistantes, le ministère<br />

turc <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur a refusé<br />

d'ouvrir aux enquêteurs certains <strong>de</strong><br />

ses locaux, désignés par <strong>de</strong>s témoins<br />

comme <strong>de</strong>s centres <strong>de</strong> torture. Les<br />

résultats <strong>de</strong> l'enquête ne laissent<br />

place à aucun doute:


Il 10'). 1)('("('111111"(' ICJCJ.; I:lIl/e/ill <strong>de</strong> Iiaisou e/ clï/~lo,.,ua/iou • .> •<br />

La France interdit <strong>de</strong>s associations<br />

réputées proches du PKK<br />

la <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> du ministre <strong>de</strong><br />

l'Intérieur, Charles Pasqua, le<br />

gouvernement français a décidé,<br />

le 30 novembre, en conseil<br />

<strong>de</strong>s ministres la dissolution<br />

<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux associations kur<strong>de</strong>s réputées<br />

proches du Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs<br />

du Kurdistan. Il s'agit du<br />

Comité du Kurdistan <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la Fédération<br />

<strong>de</strong>s associations culturelles <strong>de</strong>s<br />

travailleurs patriotes du Kurdistan en<br />

France (Yekkom) ainsi que <strong>de</strong>s sept<br />

associations qu'elles regroupent.<br />

La dissolution a été décidée sur la<br />

base <strong>de</strong> la loi du 10 janvier 1936 relative<br />

aux «groupes <strong>de</strong> combat <strong>et</strong> milices<br />

privées». Les décr<strong>et</strong>s <strong>de</strong> dissolution<br />

imputent à ces associations kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

<strong>de</strong>s «manifestions armées dans<br />

la rue, leur forme <strong>et</strong> leur organisation<br />

militaire» présentant le «caractère<br />

<strong>de</strong> groupe <strong>de</strong> combat ou <strong>de</strong> milices<br />

privées», ainsi que leur participation<br />


• 4 • Rullelill <strong>de</strong> Iiaisoll el d'iI{fornUllioll /I °105 • Décembre 1993<br />

cisé qu'un recours a été formé <strong>de</strong>vant que ( ..). C'en estfini du jeu <strong>de</strong>s bonle<br />

Conseil d'Etat «contre le décr<strong>et</strong> scé- nes manières diplomatiques. Notre<br />

lérat» <strong>de</strong> dissolution. «Rien ne nous combat est politique, nous défenarrêtera,<br />

ni les silence <strong>de</strong> la presse, drans lepeuple kur<strong>de</strong> jusqu'au bout»<br />

ni l'indifférence <strong>de</strong> l'opinion publi- ont déclaré les avocats.<br />

Le quotidien kur<strong>de</strong> Özgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m<br />

menacé d'interdiction<br />

donne une version différente <strong>de</strong> celle<br />

<strong>de</strong> l'armée. Celle-cil'accuse d'être un<br />

organe du PKK<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>


Il 10'). J)ecembre 1


- () - Hlll/elill ~le liaisoll el €l'iI~fo"'"aliol Il u IOj • Décembre 1')')3<br />

nombreux villages détruits, <strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>ment sans lever la tête «ilfaut <strong>de</strong> l'augmentation <strong>de</strong> l'immigration. incampements<br />

d'où ils ont été chassés l'argent pour lepain». ter-ne vers l'Ouest, surtout vers Izmir,<br />

à coups <strong>de</strong> crosse <strong>et</strong> s'entassent dans Adana <strong>et</strong> Istanbul ( ... ). En un an 16%<br />

la ville dont ils avaient coutume <strong>de</strong> Diyarbakir exprime qu'on ne peut pas <strong>de</strong> la population <strong>de</strong> Diyarbakir a émidire<br />

qu'ils y régleraient leurs <strong>de</strong>rniers mener une politique cohérente en gré vers l'Ouest.<br />

comptes. faisant souffrir les hommes. Au fur <strong>et</strong><br />

à mesure que l'on s'aperçoit que les LE PLAN FATAL<br />

Au fur <strong>et</strong> à mesure que l'attente dans problèmes <strong>de</strong>meurent l'idée <strong>de</strong> «sole<br />

café se prolonge, les établis <strong>de</strong>s lution» est remplacée par «vivement L'Etat applique systématiquement<br />

colporteurs se multiplient. Les établis que ça se termine» ( ... ). . son plan à Amed, à Botan <strong>et</strong> à Dersim.<br />

où l'on expose <strong>de</strong>s cigar<strong>et</strong>tes, du ta- C'est le plan <strong>de</strong>


Il f()j. f)('cc'llIb,.(' ff)f)J Uul/elill dl' liaisoll el d'i1~lo"'lIalioli • "7 •<br />

Selon <strong>de</strong>s sources officielles turques contre 1920 pendant toute l'année<br />

citées par le quotidien Turkish Daily 1992.Du 1er janvier au 30 novembre<br />

News du 27 décembre 1993,au cours 1993, 1249 civils ont trouvé la mort<br />

<strong>de</strong> Ilpremiers mois <strong>de</strong> 1993ily a eu au cours <strong>de</strong> ces «inci<strong>de</strong>nts», contre<br />

390linciqents liésaux actions du PKK 618 en 1992. Pendant la même pévont<br />

aussi vers les villes <strong>de</strong> l'Ouest,<br />

surtout à Istanbul, Izmir, Adana, Mersin<br />

situées loin <strong>de</strong>s provinces kur<strong>de</strong>s.<br />

Les villes <strong>de</strong> l'Ouest <strong>de</strong>viennent progressivement<br />

le champ <strong>de</strong> bataille<br />

entre Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>et</strong> Turcs.<br />

L'ÉTAT EST DANS L'IMPASSE<br />

Ces immigrés proviennent surtout<br />

Les sociologues spécialisés affirment<br />

que désormais dans chaque ville,il y<br />

a un Kurdistan. C<strong>et</strong>te immigration est<br />

totalement différente <strong>de</strong> celle dont,<br />

on parlait durant <strong>de</strong>s années, provoquée<br />

<strong>de</strong>s provinces <strong>de</strong> Mardin, <strong>de</strong> Siirt, <strong>de</strong><br />

Hakkari, <strong>de</strong> Mus <strong>et</strong> d'Urfa. Ils survivent<br />

dans la détresse parce qu'ils ne<br />

trouvent ni logement, ni emploi ...<br />

Celuiqui ne trouve pas <strong>de</strong> logement,<br />

par les conditions économi-<br />

s'installe chez <strong>de</strong>s proches parents.<br />

ques ;c<strong>et</strong>te nouvelle immigration est<br />

politique dans toute sa dimension.<br />

L'airrésigné qu'affichaient les pauvres<br />

Kur<strong>de</strong>s pendant les années d'immigration<br />

économique a disparu, car il<br />

s'agit désormais <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s arrachés<br />

Souvent trois familleshabitent ensemble.<br />

Les immigrés travaillent comme<br />

colporteurs, transporteurs avec une<br />

charr<strong>et</strong>te tractée par un cheval ou<br />

comme journaliers. Les garçons ramassent<br />

soit <strong>de</strong>s vieux papiers ou du<br />

à leur terre par la foree ! Felât nylon dans la rue, soit <strong>de</strong>s morceaux<br />

Cemiloglu, prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong> la Chambre<br />

d'industrie <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> commerce <strong>de</strong> Diyarbakir<br />

<strong>de</strong> métal dans décharges. Les filles<br />

travaillent comme femmes <strong>de</strong> ménage.<br />

a récemment déclaré :


• 8 • Bulle/ill <strong>de</strong> liai~oll e/ d'ÎI~f(}nlla/ioli Il c> 105 • Décembre 1993<br />

rio<strong>de</strong>, 676 membres <strong>de</strong>s forces <strong>de</strong> 9 décembre guérilla turque ont été tués suite aux<br />

sécurité turques (soldats, gendarmes, A Igdir, dans une attaque <strong>de</strong>s mem- accrochages avec les militants du PKK<br />

policiers, protecteurs <strong>de</strong> village) ont bres <strong>de</strong> la contre guérilla un jeune <strong>de</strong> <strong>et</strong> les unités turques sur la route Vanété<br />

tués contre 634. Les mêmes sour- 15, Isa Koçabas a été tué. A Diyar- Tatvan.AÇmar, Nazime Ekinci,mère<br />

ces évaluent à 1552 morts <strong>et</strong> 121 bles- bakir, dans 3 attaques différentes il y <strong>de</strong> 3 enfants a été torturée <strong>et</strong> blessée<br />

sés les pertes du PKKen 1993, contre eu au total2 tués <strong>et</strong> 5 blessés par <strong>de</strong>s par balle chez elle par <strong>de</strong>s forces tur-<br />

1228 morts <strong>et</strong> 52 blessés en 1992. inconnus. ques. A Sason (dans la province <strong>de</strong><br />

Cependant, le nombre <strong>de</strong> «terroris- Batman), dans une attaque <strong>de</strong>s milites»<br />

arrêtés par les forces turques en 10 décembre tants du PKK,contre un poste <strong>de</strong> gen-<br />

1993 serait <strong>de</strong> 7640, contre 7908 en ASiverek, dans la région d'Urfa, suite darmerie, 9 soldats turcs ont été tués.<br />

1992. Le nombre <strong>de</strong> civils blessés est aux accrochages entre militants du<br />

<strong>de</strong> 1389 en 1993, contre 853 en 1992. PKK<strong>et</strong> les protecteurs <strong>de</strong> village une 23 décembre<br />

Pen<strong>de</strong>nt les Il premiers mois <strong>de</strong> militante blessée a été entraînée par A Batman, Salih Bozcu (27 ans),<br />

1993, les forces turques auraient saisi les gardiens du village dans un mini- chauffeur <strong>de</strong> taxi, a été tué le matin<br />

3028 fusils, 1221 canons, 2164 bam- bus, la militante s'est suicidée en cau- en sortant <strong>de</strong> chez lui par <strong>de</strong>s inconbes<br />

<strong>et</strong> 463 378 balles. En 1992, elles sent un acci<strong>de</strong>nt qui a coûté aussi la nus.<br />

affirmaient avoir confisqué 3109 fusils, vie <strong>de</strong> à 3 protecteurs <strong>de</strong> village.<br />

1290 canons, 2368 bombes <strong>et</strong> 27 décembre<br />

352 959 balles. La conclusion <strong>de</strong> ce 13 décembre ACilre, 2 personnes arrêtées <strong>de</strong>puis<br />

bilan contredit la thèse officielle ré- A Slmak, au village Slhp après un 15jours, ont trouvé la mort suite aux<br />

gulièrement assénée selon laquelle contrôle d'i<strong>de</strong>ntité, 5jeunes (Mahmut tortures effectuées au commissariat,<br />

l'armée aurait pratiquement terminé Çevik 17 ans, Seyhmus Çevik 15 ans, les corps <strong>de</strong> NazifM<strong>et</strong>e (35 ans) <strong>et</strong> M.<br />

d'écraser le PKKcar ces chiffres indi- Resit Direkçi 16 ans <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux autres Selam<strong>et</strong>tin (20 ans) ont été rendu par<br />

quent le redoublement <strong>de</strong>s activités non i<strong>de</strong>ntifiés), ont été emmenés par la municipalité à leur famille.<br />

<strong>de</strong> celui-ci en 1993. La victoire mili- les soldats turcs <strong>de</strong>hors <strong>de</strong> leurs viltaire<br />

«définitive»reste plus que jamais lage <strong>et</strong> fusillés. 28 décembre<br />

un «mirage».<br />

A Bismil, dans une attaque à la gre-<br />

16 décembre na<strong>de</strong> par <strong>de</strong>s inconnus Fevzi Öncel<br />

A Diyarbakir, menacé à plusieurs (55 ans) <strong>et</strong> sa femme Sakine (50 ans)<br />

2 décembre reprises, Kemal Ekinci, ven<strong>de</strong>ur <strong>de</strong> ont été tué chez eux. Sadlk Kortak a<br />

A Batman, <strong>de</strong>ux frères, M.Nuri <strong>et</strong> journal Özgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m, a été tué par été tués <strong>de</strong>vant les logements <strong>de</strong> po-<br />

Selahattin Öz<strong>de</strong>mir <strong>et</strong> Talip Topsuz <strong>de</strong>s inconnus. A Kurtalan, dans la lice par <strong>de</strong>s inconnus, ses proches<br />

ont été tués par <strong>de</strong>s inconnus en province <strong>de</strong> Batman, sur son refus <strong>de</strong> indiquent qu'il était suivi par la popleine<br />

rue. A Bingöl, Mehm<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>venir protecteur <strong>de</strong> village,M. Sait lice <strong>de</strong>puis plusieurs jours. A Cilre,<br />

Korkutata a été fusillé chez lui par 3 Elmas a été fusillé par <strong>de</strong>s membres suite aux pikonnages <strong>de</strong> soldats turcs<br />

personnes qui se sont présentées <strong>de</strong> la contre-guérilla turques chez lui. contre le village (Damhca), 3 personcomme<br />

policiers pour qu'on leur A ElaZlg <strong>et</strong> à Siirt, suite aux explo- nes ont été tuées sous les décombres<br />

ouvre la porte. sions <strong>de</strong>s mines au passage <strong>de</strong> mini- <strong>de</strong> leurs maisons <strong>et</strong> 4 autres blessées.<br />

bus au tatal5 personnes ont été tuées<br />

3 décembre <strong>et</strong> 9 autres blessées. 29 décembre<br />

A Batman, Ahm<strong>et</strong> Karabulut, ancien A Diyabakir, dans le quartier <strong>de</strong><br />

responsable du HEP a été assassiné 19 décembre Baglar, suite a une attaque <strong>de</strong>s mempar<br />

<strong>de</strong>s inconnus. A Eruh, dans la A Diyarbakir, un imam, Mehm<strong>et</strong> bres <strong>de</strong> la contre-guérilla turque,<br />

-\'<br />

provine <strong>de</strong> Siirt, 2 soldats turcs tués Elçiçek a été tué par <strong>de</strong>s inconnus. Ayhan" Dagan (22ans) <strong>et</strong> Mehm<strong>et</strong> .;<<br />

<strong>et</strong> 9 autres blessés dans <strong>de</strong>s accro-<br />

Akçamh (25 ans) ont été tués sur le<br />

chages avec les militants du PKK. 20 décembre coup. Un caporal du 7ème régiment<br />

A Tatvan, 6 membres <strong>de</strong> la contre- <strong>de</strong> Diyarbakir a été tué par un in-


Il [Oj. Décentb,.e [CJCJ3 nulleli/l <strong>de</strong> liaiso/l el d'iI~ro"/lutlio/l •


• JO • Blll/elill <strong>de</strong> Iiaisuli el d'ill.forJllalioli ,,0 105 • Décembre 1993<br />

BONN À L'ÉGARD DE L'IRAN SUS-<br />

CITE LA COLÈRE DES ÉTAT-UNIS.<br />

(International Herald Tribune, 2<br />

décembre 1993), p.10.<br />

. UN MESSAGE FERME AUX ACTMS-<br />

TES KURDES. Les organisations visées<br />

«sont <strong>de</strong>s faça<strong>de</strong>s du PKK», a déclaré<br />

Charles Pasqua. (Le Figaro, 1 er décembre<br />

1993), p.10.<br />

GENÈVE/CONCERT: Asie-Mineure <strong>et</strong><br />

Kurdistan. Chants traditionnels kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

<strong>et</strong> anatoliens, salle Patino à Genève<br />

... la musique du cœur. (LeDauphiné<br />

Libéré, 1er décembre 1993),<br />

p.1l.<br />

L'ARMÉE TURQUE RÉÉVALUE DES<br />

PROJETS DE L'INDUSTRIE DE DÉ-<br />

FENSE. - Ministre <strong>de</strong> l'intérieur,<br />

Mentese: «En Turquie il n'y a pas <strong>de</strong><br />

problème kur<strong>de</strong> mais le terrorisme».<br />

- ÇILLER DEMANDE À LA GRANDE-<br />

BRETAGNE D'INTERDIRE ACTMTÉS<br />

SÉPARATISTES. - Le Scotland Yard<br />

commence à enquêter sur le PKK. -<br />

Ankara dément la reprise prochaine<br />

du commerce frontalier avec l'Irak.-<br />

Accord historique avec la Syrie. - Le<br />

message <strong>de</strong> Saddam à Çiller. (Turkish<br />

DailyNews, 2 décembre 1993), p.12-<br />

14.<br />

L'EUROPE DE L'OUEST PREND DES<br />

MESURES CONTRE LES MILITANTS<br />

KURDES. (Turkish Probe, 2 décembre<br />

1993), p.15-16.<br />

DOSSIER SPÉCIAL: UNE FOIS DE<br />

PLUS, L'OPÉRATION AU NORD DE<br />

L'IRAK... (Turkish Probe, 2 décembre<br />

1993), p.17-19.<br />

LA SEMAINE EN PERSPECTIVE.<br />

(Turkish Probe, 2 décembre 1993),<br />

p.20.<br />

LE MEURTRE DE LA PLACE NEUVE<br />

EST POliTIQUE. Tué en pleine rue,<br />

le mois <strong>de</strong>rnier à Genève, un Kur<strong>de</strong> a<br />

été victime d'un crime politique.<br />

(Courrier, 2 décembre 1993), p.2l.<br />

TROIS À QUATRE MILLES PERSON-<br />

NES ONT MANIFESTÉ DE LA PLACE<br />

DE LA RÉPUBliQUE À LA PLACE DE<br />

BASTILLE,POUR ClAMER LAliBÉRA-<br />

TION DES KURDES ARRÊTÉS EN<br />

FRANCE. (A.F.P., 2 décembre 1993),<br />

p.2l.<br />

PARUTION DES DEUX DÉCRETS<br />

DANS LE JOURNAL OFFICIEL, POR-<br />

TANT DISSOLUTION du Comité du<br />

Kurdistan, <strong>de</strong> la Fédération <strong>de</strong>s associations<br />

culturelles <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs<br />

patriotes du Kurdistan, Yekkom<br />

Kurdistan <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s sept associations<br />

que c<strong>et</strong>te <strong>de</strong>rnière regroupe. - Après<br />

les coups <strong>de</strong> fil<strong>et</strong> policiers dans les<br />

milieux kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>et</strong> islamistes en France<br />

: DEUX ORGANISATIONS RÉPUTÉES<br />

PROCHES DU PKK SONT DISSOU-<br />

TES PAR DÉCRET. - Le message <strong>de</strong>s<br />

opérations «Chrysanthème» <strong>et</strong><br />

«Rouge-Rose» Avec les rafles <strong>de</strong> novembre,<br />

le ministre <strong>de</strong> l'intérieur,<br />

Charles Pasqua, lance un avertissement<br />

aux mouvements clan<strong>de</strong>stins<br />

installés dans l'Hexagone. (A.F.P., 3<br />

décembre; le Mon<strong>de</strong>, 2 décembre<br />

1993), p.22, 26-27.<br />

TURQUIE: L'AVIATION BOMBARDE<br />

DES CAMPS KURDES DANS LENORD<br />

DE L'IRAK. (le Mon<strong>de</strong>, 2 décembre<br />

1993), p.22.<br />

AVEC LE PEUPLE KURDE CE SOIR À<br />

PARIS. -Après la rafle du 18 novembre<br />

<strong>de</strong>rnier <strong>et</strong> la récente décision du<br />

gouvernement Balladur d'interdire<br />

<strong>de</strong>ux associations kur<strong>de</strong>s, une vingtaine<br />

d'organisations appellent à un<br />

rassemblement ce jeudi à 18 h 30<br />

place <strong>de</strong> la République. - Mobilisation<br />

dans les Deux-Sèvres. - ROJINE<br />

TOUJOURS ASSIGNÉE À RÉSIDENCE.<br />

(l'Humanité, 2 décembre 1993),<br />

p.23-24 .<br />

L'AGENDA DES DROITS DE<br />

L'HOMME. (Turkish Probe, 2 décem- .<br />

bre 1993), p.24.<br />

LUTTEANTI-TERRORISTE ET GESTI-<br />

CUIATION SÉCURITAIRE.- Les mystères<br />

<strong>de</strong> la rafle anti-Kur<strong>de</strong>s. - L'arrestation<br />

<strong>et</strong> la mise en examen <strong>de</strong> dizaines<br />

<strong>de</strong> membres du PKK ne reposent<br />

sur aucun élément concr<strong>et</strong> perm<strong>et</strong>tant<br />

d'i<strong>de</strong>ntifier une quelconque<br />

menace terroriste. (NouveIObservateur,<br />

2 décembre 1993), p.26.<br />

L'OFFENSIVE TOUS AZIMUTS D'AN-<br />

KARA. Des militaires s'opposent sur<br />

la stratégie <strong>de</strong> lutte anti-kur<strong>de</strong>. (La<br />

Croix, 3 décembre 1993), p.28.<br />

STRASBOURG: GRÈVE DE LA FAIM.<br />

Une douzaine <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> Turquie<br />

observent une grève <strong>de</strong> la faim à Strasbourg<br />

<strong>de</strong>puis samedi pour protester<br />

contre la dissolution d'associations<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s en France. (l'Alsace, 7 décembre<br />

1993), p.28.<br />

SADDAM HUSSEIN, PRIX NOBEL ?<br />

Suffit-il que le temps passe pour<br />

qu'un dictateur <strong>de</strong>vienne respectable<br />

? Depuis peu, en Europe, les lobbies<br />

pro-Saddam Hussein refont surface.<br />

Le temps est venu -nous chuchote-t-on-<br />

<strong>de</strong> «tourner la page» <strong>et</strong><br />

<strong>de</strong> «normaliser» les relations avec Bagdad.<br />

(le Figaro, 2 décembre 1993),<br />

p.29.<br />

L'OCCUPATION DE L'ASSOCIATION<br />

KURDE À HAMBOURG-HARBURG<br />

S'EST TERMINÉ PACIFIQUEMENT.<br />

(l'Alsace, 4 décembre 1993), p.29.


,," /0::; • /)(,('('11/""(, /99,; /:,,/lel;1I <strong>de</strong> Iia;soll el d'ÎI~rorlllal;oll • Il •<br />

LES DÉFENSEURS DES DROITS DE<br />

L'HOMME SONT AUSSI RÉPRIMÉS.<br />

Hier à Genève, <strong>de</strong>ux Turcs ont témoigné<br />

sur les arrestations arbitraires, les<br />

meurtres ou la torture organisés par<br />

le nouveau gouvernement turc. (Le<br />

Courrier, 3 décembre 1993), p.30.<br />

lA TURQUIE & L'IRAN SONT D'AC-<br />

CORD SUR lA TERREUR. - Les responsables<br />

turcs <strong>et</strong> américains discutent<br />

<strong>de</strong> l'interdiction du PKK en Europe.<br />

(Turkish Daily News, 3 décembre<br />

1993), p.3l.<br />

DE lA TURQUIE À L'ALLEMAGNEET<br />

À LA FRANCE : SAINTE-ALLIANCE<br />

CONTRE LES KURDES. - Une semaine<br />

après la rafle spectaculaire opérée<br />

par Pasqua dans les milieux kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

en France, une opération similaire<br />

s'est déroulée en Allemagne. - lA<br />

LIGUE COMMUNISTE RÉVOLUTION-<br />

NAIRECONTRE LESRAFLESDE KUR-<br />

DES. (Lutte Ouvrière, 3 décembre;<br />

Liberté <strong>de</strong> Morbihan, 4 décembre<br />

1993), p.32-33.<br />

GRÈCE-CEE: UNE PRÉSIDENCE À<br />

RISQUES. (Le Point, 4 décembre<br />

1993), p.33.<br />

OPÉRATIONS ANTI-KURDES. Gesticulation<br />

publicitaire sécuritaire <strong>et</strong> gages<br />

donnés au gouvernement turc,<br />

l'opération menée par Charles Pasqua<br />

obéit à <strong>de</strong>s motivations intérieures <strong>et</strong><br />

extérieures. (Vendredi, 3 décembre<br />

1993), p.34.<br />

UN VILLAGE CHRÉTIEN AU<br />

KURDISTAN IRAKIEN. (La Croix du<br />

Midi,3 décembre 1993), p.35.<br />

L'ÉTAT DES DROITS DE L'HOMME<br />

EN TURQUIE. - Bagdad invite la Turquie<br />

à engager <strong>de</strong>s contacts directs<br />

sur le terrorisme. - LES CHRÉTIENS<br />

DE TURQUIE CHASSÉS DE LEUR RÉ-<br />

GION ANCESTRALE. - Le militaires<br />

démentent avoir empêché une solution<br />

pacifique au problème kur<strong>de</strong>. -<br />

DÉGRADATION DES DROITS DE<br />

L'HOMME EN TURQUIE. - DEP: Estil<br />

possible <strong>de</strong> museler <strong>de</strong>s millions <strong>de</strong><br />

Kur<strong>de</strong>s? - ASSOCIATIONS DES<br />

DROITS DE L'HOMME. - Fondation<br />

<strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme. - Que sont<br />

les droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme ? (Turkish<br />

Daily News, 4 décembre 1993), p.36-<br />

40.<br />

UNE DOUZAINE DE KURDES DE<br />

TURQUIE OBSERVENT UNE GRÈVE<br />

DE lA FAIM À STRASBOURG <strong>de</strong>puis<br />

samedi pour protester contre la dissolution<br />

d'associations kur<strong>de</strong>s en<br />

France. (AFP., 6 décembre 1993),<br />

p.4l.<br />

LE GOUVERNEMENT SUISSE A DÉ-<br />

CIDÉ LUNDI UNE SÉRIE DE MESU-<br />

RES DE SURVEILLANCEdu PKK séparatiste<br />

en lutte armée contre le gouvernement<br />

turc. (AFP., 6 décembre<br />

1993), p.4l.<br />

INSURRECTIONS: DU BANDITISME<br />

À lA GUERRE CMLE. (Time, 6 décembre<br />

1993), p.42-45.<br />

SUITE AU COUP DE FILETANTI PKK.<br />

- Un Kur<strong>de</strong> lyonnais assigné à rési<strong>de</strong>nce.<br />

Un comité <strong>de</strong> soutien a rencontré<br />

le préf<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> police, afin <strong>de</strong> protester<br />

contre c<strong>et</strong>te décision. (Tribune,<br />

6 décembre 1993), p.46.<br />

MADAME THATCHER TÉMOIGNE<br />

DANS L'AFFAIREDE VENTE D'ARME<br />

À L'IRAK. (International Herald Tribune,<br />

7 décembre 1993), p.46.<br />

BERNE SERRE lA VIS AU PKK MAIS<br />

NE L'INTERDIT PAS. Contrairement<br />

à l'Allemagne <strong>et</strong> à la France, la Suisse<br />

ne condamne pas les activistes kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

à la clan<strong>de</strong>stinité. (24 Heures, 7<br />

décembre 1993), p.47.<br />

LE PRÉSIDENT DU PARTI DE lA DÉ-<br />

MOCRATIE (DEP, pro-kur<strong>de</strong>),<br />

M.Yasar Kaya, a été mis en liberté<br />

mardi par la Cour <strong>de</strong> sûr<strong>et</strong>é <strong>de</strong> l'Etat<br />

d'Ankara après une pério<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> trois<br />

mois <strong>de</strong> détention pour «séparatisme»<br />

<strong>et</strong> quatre jours avant le congrès général<br />

<strong>de</strong> ce parti, qui se tient dimanche<br />

à Ankara, a-t-on appris <strong>de</strong> sources<br />

judiciaires. (AF.P., 7 décembre<br />

1993), p.47.<br />

UNE CINQUANTAINE DE KURDES<br />

OBSERVENT DEPUIS QUARANTE-<br />

HUIT HEURES À MARSEILLE une<br />

grève <strong>de</strong> la faim pour dénoncer «le<br />

massacre quotidien <strong>de</strong> populations<br />

civiles au Kurdistan, aussi bien en<br />

Turquie qu'en Irak, a-t-on constaté<br />

mardi sur place. - APPEL DE DÉ-<br />

TRESSE DES KURDES DE MAR-<br />

SEILLE. (AFP., 7 décembre; La Marseillaise,<br />

8 décembre 1993), p.48, 52.<br />

KURDES: LES NOUVEAUX BOUCS<br />

ÉMISSAIRES. - ONZE KURDES EN<br />

GRÈVE DE LAFAIM À STRASBOURG.<br />

(Options au Cœur du Social, 6 décembre;<br />

Dernières Nouvelles d'Alsace,<br />

7 décembre 1993), p.48.<br />

NEUF ASSOCIATIONS DONT lA FÉ-<br />

DÉRATION INTERNATIONALE DES<br />

DROITS DE L'HOMME (FIDH), la<br />

CIMADE, Fondation France-Libertés<br />

tienne une conférence <strong>de</strong> presse, le<br />

9 décembre à l'occasion «du lancement<br />

d'une campagne <strong>de</strong> soutien aux<br />

droits du peuple kur<strong>de</strong>». - CAMPA-<br />

GNE EN FRANCE POUR LE RESPECT<br />

DES DROITS DU PEUPLE KURDE.


• 12 • UnI/clin €le <strong>liaison</strong> el €I'iI~fonnaliol/ Il'' IOj • Dé(:clllbrc 1')')3<br />

(AFP., 7 décembre; AFP. ,9 décem- (Turkish Daily News, 7 décembre ÊTRE À BEYROUTH. - (Turkish<br />

bre 1993), pA8, 52. 1993), p.50-5I. Daily News, 9 décembre 1993), p.57-<br />

59.<br />

KURDES: LETTRE À MON ÉVÊQUE.<br />


Il ' 10; • lh;cell,b,.e 1


• 14 • BIIll<strong>et</strong>ili <strong>de</strong> liaisoll <strong>et</strong> d'illforlllatioli Il 0105 • Décembre 1993<br />

kien, <strong>de</strong>ux attentats, qui pourraient<br />

avoir été commis à l'instigation du<br />

régime <strong>de</strong> Bagdad, ont visé lundi 13<br />

décembre, <strong>de</strong>s locaux d'organisations<br />

humanitaires, à Souleimaniyeh, faisant<br />

plusieurs victimes. (Le Mon<strong>de</strong>, 15<br />

décembre 1993), p.84.<br />

TURQUIE: HASSANA, VILLAGE<br />

CHRÉTIEN, N'EXISTE PLUS. (ARM, 15<br />

décembre 1993), p.84.<br />

REPORTERS SANS FRONTIÈRES DÉ-<br />

FEND LE QUOTIDIEN PRO-KURDE<br />

ÖZCÜR CÜNDEM. - LE FLAMBEAU<br />

KURDE D'«ÖZGÜR GÜNDEM».<br />

(A.F.p., 15 décembre 1993), p.85, 86.<br />

LE PKK N'EST PAS INTERDIT... MAIS<br />

BERNE CARESSE LA TURQUIE. (24<br />

Heures, 15 décembre 1993), p.85.<br />

LEKURDISTAN EN BUS ET EN AUTO-<br />

STOP. Lors d'une conférence à la cantine,<br />

Yvan Tellier a présenté ses diapositives<br />

<strong>et</strong> livré ses impressions sur<br />

le peuple kur<strong>de</strong>. Témoignage ...<br />

(Ouest-France, 15 décembre 1993),<br />

p.86.<br />

.DES GENEVOIS SE MOBILISENT<br />

POUR DÉFENDRE LES KURDES. Des<br />

Genevois lancent un appel pour faire<br />

pression sur l'Etat turc afin qu'il respecte<br />

les droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme. (L.e<br />

Courrier, 16 décembre 1993), p.86.<br />

L'AGENDA DES DROITS DE<br />

L'HOMME. (Turkish Daily News, 16<br />

décembre 1993), p.87.<br />

LE TERRORISME DU PKK ABOUTIT<br />

AU RENFORCEMENT DU MHP. Selon<br />

Türkes, le MHP a 10% <strong>de</strong> l'électorat,<br />

le nombre d'associations affiliées dépasse<br />

les 800. - LE NOUVEAU PRÉ-<br />

DISENT DU DEP DÉCIDE DE RESTER<br />

SILENCIEUX ET D'ÉVITER DES DÉ-<br />

MISSIONS DANS SON PARTI. - Une<br />

bombe blesse au moins 10 personnes<br />

à Adana. - La police arrête <strong>de</strong>s politiciens<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s à Istanbul. - Ankara accuse<br />

le rapport <strong>de</strong> Helsinki Watch <strong>de</strong><br />

déformer la réalité. (Turkish Daily<br />

News, 16 décembre 1993), p.88-92.<br />

LE PREMIER MINISTRE LIBANAIS,<br />

TAFIC HARIRI, EST ARRIVÉJEUDI À<br />

ANKARApour une visite officielle <strong>de</strong><br />

quatre jours en Turquie consacrée au<br />

renforcement <strong>de</strong>s relations économiques<br />

ainsi qu'à <strong>de</strong>s entr<strong>et</strong>iens sur la<br />

sécurité axés sur le problème <strong>de</strong>s rebelles<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> Turquie réfugiés au<br />

Liban. (A.F.P., 16 décembre 1993),<br />

p.92.<br />

CONTE-ENQUETE SUR UNE INTOX.<br />

Sous couvert d'une opération<br />

antiterroriste, la communauté kur<strong>de</strong><br />

réfugiée en France a été victime d'un<br />

vaste coup <strong>de</strong> fil<strong>et</strong> policier. Au-<strong>de</strong>là<br />

<strong>de</strong> l'impact médiatique ne s'agit-il pas<br />

en réalité d'un échange <strong>de</strong> services<br />

entre gouvernements français <strong>et</strong><br />

turc ? R<strong>et</strong>our sur un scénario prémédité.<br />

- OBJECTIF DES SERVICES<br />

D'ANKARA: Éliminer la résistance<br />

kur<strong>de</strong> dans le mon<strong>de</strong>. - Les quelques<br />

feuill<strong>et</strong>s <strong>de</strong> la DST ne pouvaient suffire<br />

à déelencher une telle opération.<br />

- La France <strong>et</strong> la Turquie viennent<br />

<strong>de</strong> signer un important marché d'armement.<br />

- COMPRENDRE LE PRO-<br />

BLÈME KURDE: Les Kur<strong>de</strong>s luttent<br />

pour exister en tant qu'Etat indépendant.<br />

Un combat engagé dès la fin <strong>de</strong><br />

la Première Guerre mondiale. - Les<br />

forces du Mouvement national kur<strong>de</strong>.<br />

(L'Humanité Dimanche n '196, 22<br />

décembre 1993), p.93-98.<br />

«LALEVÉE DE L'EMBARGO PROVO-<br />

QUERA UN DURCISSEMENT DU RÉ-<br />

GIME».Patiemment, le régime irakien<br />

se rapproche <strong>de</strong>s gouvernements occi<strong>de</strong>ntaux.<br />

Peut-il se targuer d'un<br />

changement dans sa politique <strong>de</strong> répression<br />

à l'égard <strong>de</strong> sa propre population<br />

? Interview: Pierre Martin,<br />

Spécialiste <strong>de</strong> l'Irak. (La Croix, 16<br />

décembre 1993), p.99.<br />

TURQUIE: LEPRINCIPALPARTI PRO-<br />

KURDE RADICALISE SA POSITION.<br />

Hatip Diele a été élu, dimanche 12<br />

décembre, prési<strong>de</strong>nt du Parti démocratique<br />

(DEP, pro-kur<strong>de</strong>). L'élection<br />

<strong>de</strong> M. Diele, qui figure parmi les plus<br />

radicaux <strong>de</strong>s députés kur<strong>de</strong>s au Parlement<br />

turc - il est l'un <strong>de</strong>s dix-sept<br />

élus contre lesquels une procédure<br />

<strong>de</strong> levée d'immunité parlementaire<br />

est en cours - marque un durcissement<br />

<strong>de</strong> la politique du DEP, le principal<br />

parti pro-kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Turquie. (Le<br />

Mon<strong>de</strong>, 16 décembre 1993), p.100.<br />

KURDES: UNE ENTREVUE. --.: Les<br />

Kur<strong>de</strong>s existent, parlons-en !- PRO-<br />

TESTATION: Une réaction <strong>de</strong> maires.<br />

- LAGRÈVEDE LAFAIMCONTINUE.<br />

- Faire pression sur Ankara. (LesDernières<br />

Nouvelles d'Alsace; Le Républicain;<br />

La Montagne; 16 décembre<br />

1993), p.100-101.<br />

IRAK-FRANCE:DES RETROUVAILLES<br />

SOUS ROCHE ? Surveillance <strong>de</strong> l'industrie<br />

militaire. - Tester le terrain.<br />

(LeQuotidien <strong>de</strong> <strong>Paris</strong>, 17 décembre<br />

1993), p.102.<br />

DESERTION DE L'ARMÉE A LA MA-<br />

NIÈRE TURQUE. Le problème est <strong>de</strong><br />

savoir pourquoi Serdar Güres, fils du<br />

chef d'état-major <strong>de</strong>s armées ou tout<br />

autre enfant peut jouir d'une telle<br />

immunité alors que les autres n'ayant<br />

pas <strong>de</strong> parents influents doivent se<br />

battre <strong>et</strong> mourir pour leur patrie. <strong>et</strong>


" fO'). f)ecellibre fC)CJ.; nul/eli" <strong>de</strong> liai .... oll el €fï/~lo"'"a1iol • l') •<br />

pourquoi ceux qui parlent <strong>de</strong> courage<br />

<strong>et</strong> d'héroïsme peuvent tolérer cela ...-<br />

AFFRONTEMENT ENTRE KURDES<br />

IRAKIENS. (Turkish Daily News, 17<br />

décembre, 1993), p,103-104.<br />

LE CHEF DU PKK AURAIT ÉTÉ AR-<br />

RÊTÉ EN SYRIE.Abdullah Öcalan, qui<br />

dirige la rébellion kur<strong>de</strong> contre l'Etat<br />

turc, serait détenu à Damas sur ordre<br />

d'Assad. (Libération, 17 décembre,<br />

1993), p.104.<br />

LES COLLÈGUES S'INQUIÈTENT<br />

POUR LA VIE DE L'ÉDITEUR<br />

D'ÖZGÜR GÜNDEM. Les 46 employées<br />

du journal en gar<strong>de</strong> à vue ont<br />

peut-être été torturés. - LE MES-<br />

SAGE DE HARRIRI À ANKARA: Les<br />

activités terroristes seront inspectées,<br />

- La Turquie <strong>et</strong> le Liban renforcent<br />

leurs relations, (Turkish Daily News,<br />

18 décembre; Le Mon<strong>de</strong>, 20 décembre<br />

1993), p.105-106, 114.<br />

PLUS DE 2.000 KURDES VENUS DE<br />

TOUTE L'ALLEMAGNE ONT MANI-<br />

FESTÉ à Cassel, malgré l'interdiction<br />

<strong>de</strong> la municipalité <strong>et</strong> ont bloqué <strong>de</strong>s<br />

autoroutes. (AF.P., 18 décembre,<br />

1993), p,106.<br />

OPÉRATION CONTRE LES ACTMS-<br />

TES KURDES, - Danses contre l'indifférence<br />

... - Une centaine <strong>de</strong> ressortissants<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s se sont rassemblés<br />

à Lyon hier. Pour redire leur détresse<br />

<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>r la libération <strong>de</strong> leurs<br />

compatriotes interpellés récemment.<br />

En musique. (la Manche Libre; Le<br />

Progrès, 19 décembre, 1993), p.106-<br />

107.<br />

«EN TURQUIE, J'Al PEUR, PLUS EN-<br />

CORE QU'AVANT LE COUP D'ETAT<br />

DE 1971» Yachar Kemal est un très<br />

grand écrivain contemporain qui ne<br />

supporte plus le sort réservé aux Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

dans son pays. Ille crie, quitte à<br />

risquer encore la prison <strong>et</strong> peut-être<br />

sa notoriété. «Nous vivons en Turquie<br />

une sorte <strong>de</strong> fascisme latent», (24<br />

Heures, 18-19 décembre 1993), p.108-<br />

109.<br />

LECHEF DU PARTIDÉMOCRATIQUE<br />

DU KURDISTAN D'IRAK (PDK)<br />

Massoud Bazani a affirmé que le Parti<br />

<strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du Kurdistan turc<br />

(PKK) avait transféré sa base <strong>de</strong> la<br />

Plaine libanaise <strong>de</strong> la Bekaa vers le<br />

nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak. - UNE BASE DES SÉ-<br />

PARATISTES KURDES DE TURQUIE<br />

A ÉTÉ TRANSFÉRÉE DANS LE NORD<br />

DU PAYS, (AF.P., 19 décembre;<br />

Turkish Daily News, 20 décembre; Le<br />

Mon<strong>de</strong>, 21 décembre 1993), p,llO,<br />

111,118.<br />

(International Herald Tribune, 20<br />

décembre, 1993), p.112.<br />

MULHOUSE: L'ENQUÊTE S'AN-<br />

NONCE DIFFICILE ALORS QUE LE<br />

PROPRIÉTAIRE SOUPÇONNE LES<br />

SÉPARATISTES KURDES. - L'INCEN-<br />

DIE DE MULHOUSE N'ÉTAIT PAS<br />

ACCIDENTEL. (AF.P., 20 décembre;<br />

Le <strong>Paris</strong>ien; Le Figaro, 21 décembre<br />

1993), p.113, 119.<br />

AFFRONTEMENT INTER-KURDE<br />

DANS LE NORD DE L'IRAK: 10 morts<br />

ou blessés. (AF.P., 20 décembre,<br />

1993), p.114.<br />

LADIRECTION COMMUNE DES KUR-<br />

DES IRAKIENS PRÉPARE DES MESU-<br />

RES SÉVÈRES CONTRE LE PKK. -<br />

Rapport: Les compagnies occi<strong>de</strong>ntales<br />

du pétrole en négociations avec<br />

PRÈs DE 200 REBELLES KURDES DE l'Irak. - Ministre <strong>de</strong> la Défense<br />

TURQUIE ONT ÉTÉ MIS HORS COM- Gölhan: Le PKKseraanéanti d'icil'été.<br />

BAT LORS D'UNE OPÉRATION AÉ- (Turkish Daily News, 21 décembre,<br />

RIENNE TURQUE DANS LA RÉGION 1993), p.1l5-116,<br />

DE MAZI-ZHORI dans le nord irakien<br />

à 25km au sud <strong>de</strong> la localité <strong>de</strong> LES TURCS RECONNAISSENT QUE<br />

Çukurca, a-t-on annoncé officiellement<br />

LE CONFLIT KURDE EST UNE<br />

en Turquie. - ATTAQUE TUR- GUERRE. La rébellion kur<strong>de</strong> s'inten-<br />

QUE AU KURDISTAN. - Une raid aérien<br />

sifie <strong>et</strong> l'armée ne peut pas exercer<br />

contre <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s du Nord ira-<br />

un contrôle réel <strong>de</strong>s montagnes-forsifie<br />

kien. (A F.P., 19 décembre; L'Humanité;<br />

teresses du PKK. (Liberté, 21 décemdant,<br />

World Fax News; L'Indépenbre,<br />

1993), p.117.<br />

20 décembre; 1993), p,llO,<br />

114,118.<br />

BONN: LES AVOCATS DU PKK ET<br />

DES 35 AUTRES ORGANISATIONS<br />

LES MANIFESTANTS KURDES BLO- KURDES QUI ONT ÉTÉ INTERDITES<br />

QUENT LACIRCULATION DANS UNE LE 26 NOVEMBRE EN ALLEMAGNE<br />

VILLEALLEMANDE. - Les j<strong>et</strong>s turcs ONT ANNONCÉ à Bonn leur intention<br />

attaquent une convoie du PKK. <strong>de</strong> déposer une plainte <strong>de</strong>vant la Cour<br />

(Turkish Daily News, 20 décembre, administrative fédérale pour faire annuler<br />

1993), p.111.<br />

les interdictions. (AF.P., 21 dé-<br />

cembre, 1993), p.1l7,<br />

LES ÉTATS-UNIS DURCISSENT LEUR<br />

POSITION SUR L'EMBARGO DE ANKARA: 29 EMPLOYÉS DU JOUR-<br />

L'ONU SUR LE PÉTROLE IRAKIEN. NAL PRO-KURDE ÖZGÜR GÜNDEM


• 16 • <strong>Bull<strong>et</strong>in</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>liaison</strong> <strong>et</strong> d'inforlnalion 11 0105 • Décembre 1993<br />

TOUJOURS «EN GARDE À VUE». MEURTRE DE KURDES IRANIENS: La DÉMISSIONS. - LES ETATS-UNIS<br />

(AF.P., 21 décembre, 1993), p.11. justice alleman<strong>de</strong> a <strong>de</strong>mandé à la CHERCHENT L'APPUI POUR 'EM-<br />

France <strong>de</strong> lui laisser auditionner un BARGO SUR LE PÉTROLE IRAKIEN.<br />

AIDE AUX AGRICULTEURS DU témoin dans l'affaire <strong>de</strong> l'assassinat à - La Syrie jouerait la carte américaine<br />

KURDISTAN. (Presse<strong>de</strong>laManche23 <strong>Paris</strong> <strong>de</strong> l'ancien premier ministre ira- dans l'affaire du PKK. - La Turquie<br />

",<br />

décembre, 1993), p.118. nien Chapour Bakhtiar, afin d'éclair- <strong>et</strong> l'Iran signent un accord pour élarcir<br />

les circonstances du meurtre en gir leurs échanges économiques.<br />

TURQUIE: IA GUERRE DIPLOMATI- 1992 à Berlin <strong>de</strong> quatre dirigeants (Turkish Daily News, 23 décembre,<br />

QUE. - OFFENSIVE CONTRE LES kur<strong>de</strong>s iraniens. (AF.P., 22 décembre, 1993), p.125-127.<br />

SÉPARATISTES KURDES. Après l'in- 1993), p.123.<br />

terdiction du PKK en France <strong>et</strong> en AI- LES MEMBRES DU CONSEIL DE SÉlemagne,<br />

Ankara espère le soutien <strong>de</strong> AU MOINS 22 TUÉS LORS D'AFFRON- CURITÉ SONT DMSÉS SUR IA LEVÉE<br />

Téhéran. (Le Figaro, 21 décembre, TEMENTS INTER-KURDES DANS LE DE L'EMBARGO PÉTROLIER IMPOSÉ<br />

1993), p.119. NORD DE L'IRAK. - AU MOINS 22 À BAGDAD. (LeMon<strong>de</strong>, 23 décembre,<br />

MORTS DANS DES COMBATS ENTRE 1993), p.128.<br />

LE JOURNALISTE ALLEMAND STE- KURDES D'IRAK. -AU MONS 18<br />

FAN WALFDBERG, CONDAMNÉ À MORTS DANS DES AFFRONTE- TURQUIE: ARRESTATION ET INCUL-<br />

UNE PEINE DE PRISON en Turquie MENTS ENTRE LES KURDES lRA- PATION DE DEUX RESPONSABLES<br />

pour «coopération» avec le PKK, a été KIENS. (AF.P., 22 décembre; Libéra- D'UN QUOTIDIEN PRO-KURDE<br />

grâcié par le prési<strong>de</strong>nt Süleyman De- tion; Turkish Daily News, 25 décem- Özgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m. (Le Mon<strong>de</strong>, 25 démire!.<br />

(A F.P., 23 décembre, 1993), bre 1993), p.123, 128, 129. cembre 1993), p.128.<br />

p.120.<br />

ILADISPARU, ILY A DIX ANS. Jabbar LE PRÉSIDENT TURC, M. SÜLEYMAN<br />

LE GOUVERNEMENT TURC S'EST Rashid Shifki appartenait au clan DEMIREL DIT QU'ÖZGÜR GÜNDEM<br />

DÉCIARÉ JEUDI EN FAVEUR DE IA kur<strong>de</strong> Barzani. Il vivait avec sa famille EST LE PKK. (Turkish Daily News, 24<br />

RECONDUCTION, POUR UNE PÉ- dans un complexe <strong>de</strong> réimplantation décembre, 1993), p.129.<br />

RIO DE DE SIX MOIS, DU STATION- au nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak, où on les avait obli-<br />

NEMENT EN TURQUIE <strong>de</strong> la force gés à se réinstaller dans les années 70, IA PAIXAU MOYENT-ORIENT EST IA<br />

multinationale chargée <strong>de</strong> la protec- après les avoir chassés <strong>de</strong> leur région. CLEF DE IA RN ALITÉ TURCO-SYtion<br />

<strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s d'Irak. (A.F.P., 23 (Peuple Libre, 23 décembre, 1993), RIENNE. (Turkish Probe, 25 novemdécembre,<br />

1993), p.120. p.124. bre, 1993), p.130.<br />

IA GUERRE CONTRE LES SÉPARATIS- IA TURQUIE ET L'IRAN SE DISENT TURQUIE: DÉPUTÉS ET JOURNALIS-<br />

TESKURDESDE~ENTL'AFFMREDE DÉCIDÉS À «ANÉANTIR LE TERRO- TES KURDES SOUS IA MENACE. -<br />

TOUS LES TURCS. - Çiller annonce RISME SÉPARATISTE,)KURDE. La vi- Quatre élus du Parti <strong>de</strong> la Démocra<strong>de</strong>s<br />

«actions conjointes» avec l'Iran site à Ankara du premier vice-prési- tie risquent la peine <strong>de</strong> mort. Un jourcontre<br />

le terrorisme. - Karayalçin <strong>de</strong>nt iranien. (Le Mon<strong>de</strong>, 22 décerfi- nal d'Istanbul est suspendu. Leur<br />

refuse <strong>de</strong> rencontrer le vice-prési<strong>de</strong>nt bre, 1993), p.124. crime est <strong>de</strong> dénoncer la répression<br />

iranien. (Turkish Daily News, 22 dé- <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> prôner une solution politique.<br />

cembre, 1993), p.121-122. WASHINGTON, LONDRES ET PARIS (L'Humanité, 25 décembre, 1993),<br />

DEMANDENT DES EXPLICATIONS À p.131.<br />

HAUT-RHIN: LE PKK SOUPÇONNÉ BAGDAD, à la suite <strong>de</strong> tirs contre une<br />

DE FLAMMES MEURTRIÈRES. Un rac- patrouille dans le Kurdistan. (AF.P., E~RON 2.000 PERSONNES ONT<br />

k<strong>et</strong> kur<strong>de</strong> pourrait être à l'origine <strong>de</strong> 23 décembre; Le Mon<strong>de</strong>, 25 décem- PARTICIPÉ, LE JOUR DE NOEL, À<br />

la mort <strong>de</strong> six personnes ily a un mois bre, 1993), p.124, 127. UNE MANIFESTATION EN FAVEUR<br />

à Mulhouse. (Libération, 22 décem- DU «PEUPLEKURDE» SOUS UN CHAbre,<br />

1993), p.122. IA CRISE DANS LE DEP APRÈs LES PITEAU À IVRY-SUR-SEINE AVEC LE<br />

.'


Il JO;. Ih'celllIJre IlJlJ.; nulle/iu <strong>de</strong> Iiaisou el d'ÎI{fo,.,ualiou • /- •<br />

SOUTIEN DE LA MUNICIPALITÉ<br />

COMMUNISTE. - Manifestation en<br />

faveur <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s dans le Val-<strong>de</strong>-<br />

Marne. (AFP., 25décembre;LaMarseillaise,<br />

26 décembre 1993), p.132,<br />

132.<br />

133 REBELLES KURDES ONT ÉTÉ<br />

TUÉS LORS D'OPÉRATIONS DES<br />

FORCES DE L'ORDRE EFFECTUÉES<br />

DEPUIS LE DÉBUT DU MOIS DE DÉ-<br />

CEMBRE, DANS L'EST ET LESUD-EST<br />

DE lA TURQUIE, A INDIQUÉ DIMAN-<br />

CHE LE MINISTRE TURC DE L'INTÉ-<br />

RIEUR, NAHIT MENTESE. (AFP., 26<br />

décembre, 1993), p.132.<br />

QUATRE CORRESPONDANTS DU<br />

QUOTIDIEN PRO-KURDE ÖZGÜR<br />

GÜNDEM ONT ÉTÉ ARRÊTÉS À<br />

ELAZIG, APRÈS lA SAISIE AU BU-<br />

REAU LOCAL DU JOURNAL DE DO-<br />

CUMENTS CONCERNANT LE PKK.<br />

(AFP., 26 décembre, 1993), p.133.<br />

«A MIDI, LE RESTAURANT EST RÉ-<br />

SERVÉ AUX SDF». A la porte du restaurant,<br />

rue Bressigny, une pancarte<br />

pour le moins originale: «Réservé aux<br />

SDF»... Samedi 25 décembre, un restaurateur<br />

angevin d'origine kur<strong>de</strong> invitait<br />

les


• 18 • BIII/elill <strong>de</strong> liaisoll el d'ÎI~fo"'"aliol Il u/()5 • Décembre 1993<br />

Mon<strong>de</strong>, 29 décembre 1993), p.145.<br />

15 SOLDATS TUÉS, 22 CMLS BLES-<br />

SÉS. - 25 députés forment une coalition<br />

refusant <strong>de</strong> participer au vote<br />

sur la force <strong>de</strong> protection. - LE DEP<br />

S'OPPOSE AU CHANGEMENT DE lA<br />

LOI ÉLECTORALE. - L'Irak du nord<br />

serait calme après les affrontements.<br />

- ANKARA SE PRÉPARE À APPRO-<br />

FONDIR SES LIENS AVEC BAGDAD.<br />

(Turkish Daily News, 30 décembre<br />

1993), p.146-148.<br />

LES KURDES SE BAmNT MAINTE-<br />

NANT SUR DEUX FRONTS DIS-<br />

TINCTS. (24 Heures, 30 décembre<br />

1993), p.149.<br />

AGRICULTEURS DU KURDISTAN:<br />

«ILS ONT BESOIN D'AIDE !». Serge<br />

Méhoudin, qui s'occupe <strong>de</strong> l'Association<br />

d'ai<strong>de</strong> aux agriculteurs du<br />

Kurdistan (Irak), lance un véritable cri<br />

d'alarme, «ils n'ont plus rien <strong>et</strong> ils ont<br />

réellement besoin d'ai<strong>de</strong>». (l'Agriculteur<br />

Normand, 30 décembre 1993),<br />

p.149.<br />

CINÉMA: lA SALLE DU SCALA FAIT<br />

(RE)DÉCOUVRIR LE PREMIER FILM<br />

KURDE DE L'HISTOIRE. Alors que le<br />

peuple kur<strong>de</strong> affronte une nouvelle<br />

offensive, le Scala propose «Mem <strong>et</strong><br />

Zîn» d'Ümit Elcit, une œuvre qui a<br />

déjà été proj<strong>et</strong>ée lors du Festival <strong>de</strong>s<br />

films du Sud. (l Courrier, 31 décembre<br />

1993), p.150-151.<br />

LE PREMIER MINISTRE ÇILLER À<br />

DIYARBAKIR POUR LE NOUVEL AN.<br />

- Selon le député du DEP Aydar, les<br />

soldats auraient tué 2 villageois. - LE<br />

PKK CIBLE UNE FOIS DE PLUS lA<br />

PRESSE. (Turkish Daily News, 31 décembre<br />

1993), p.151-152.<br />

TURQUIE: ATTENTAT KURDE CON-<br />

TRE LES LOCAUX DU PARTI DU PRE-<br />

MIER MINISTRE. (le Mon<strong>de</strong>, 31 décembre<br />

1993), p.152.<br />

LE PREMIER MINISTRE TURC, MME<br />

TANSU ÇILLER, A AFFIRMÉ QUE LE<br />

PKK SERAIT ANÉANTI EN 1994.<br />

(A.F.P, 31 décembre 1993), p.152.<br />

MANIFESTATION À MULHOUSE<br />

APRÈs L'INCENDIE AYANT FAIT SIX<br />

MORTS PARMI lA COMMUNAUTÉ<br />

TURQUE. (A.F.P, 31 décembre 1993),<br />

p.153.<br />

LES KURDES DANS lA LIGNE DE<br />

MIRE. (l 'Hébdo <strong>de</strong> l'Actualité Sociale,<br />

31 décembre 1993), p.153.<br />

L'AGENDA DES DROITS DE<br />

L'HOMME. (Turkish Daily News, 30<br />

décembre 1993), p.154.<br />

L'ADMINISTRATION KURDE IRA-<br />

KIENNE CONDAMNE LES BOMBAR-<br />

DEMENT TURC CONTRE LES VILlA-<br />

GES KURDES IRAKIENS. - Deux ministres<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s enquêtent sur les événements<br />

<strong>de</strong> Suleymanieh. (Al Hayat,<br />

16 décembre 1993.), p.155.<br />

BARZANI AFFIRME QU'IL NE SOU-<br />

HAITE PASun changement <strong>de</strong> régime<br />

à Bagdad si l'alternatif n'est pas démocratique.<br />

Barzani à Al-Hayat : «Le<br />

Kurdistan irakien n'est pas Somali.<br />

Nous résisterons au fauteurs <strong>de</strong> troubles<br />

<strong>et</strong> au PKK». (Al Hayat, 19 décembre<br />

1993.), p.155-156.<br />

A lA SUITE D'UN SCHISME DANS LES<br />

RENDS DU BARZANI, un combat inter-kur<strong>de</strong><br />

fait 5 morts <strong>et</strong> 65 blessés à<br />

Suleymanieh. (Al-Awsat, 15 décembre<br />

1993.), p.157.<br />

TAlABANIAAL-HAYAT:La protection<br />

occi<strong>de</strong>ntale <strong>et</strong> les gardiens <strong>de</strong> la révolution<br />

iranienne infiltrent au<br />

Kurdistan. - Le pétrole irakien est<br />

trafiqué par <strong>de</strong>s gran<strong>de</strong>s quantités au<br />

Pakistan <strong>et</strong> en Iran. (Al Hayat, 16 décembre<br />

1993.), p.157.<br />

TALABANI:CONTACTES AVEC BAG-<br />

DAD, C'EST DES RUMEURS. Mais il<br />

n'est pas permis <strong>de</strong> se suici<strong>de</strong>r pour<br />

ce débarrasser <strong>de</strong> Saddam. (AlHayat,<br />

16 décembre 1993.), p.-158159.<br />

LES RElATIONS ALLEMANDESAVEC<br />

LE PKK. - Bonn a perdu une carte<br />

politique avec laquelle elle faisait pression<br />

sur la Turquie. (Al Hayat, 16 décembre<br />

1993.), p.-162163.<br />

KURDISTAN IRAKIEN: LESIRAKIENS<br />

DU SUD ET CEUX DU CENTRE SONT<br />

DES RÉFUGIES POLITIQUES AU<br />

NORD. (Asharq al-Awsat, 15 décembre<br />

1993.), p.168.<br />

TÉHÉRAN ET BAGDAD SONT AC-<br />

CUSÉS D'ENCOURAGER LES ÉVÉNE-<br />

MENTS A SOULEYMANIEH. -<br />

Barzani: «A. Ocalan a transféré ses<br />

camps <strong>de</strong> Bekaa au Nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak».-<br />

Le prési<strong>de</strong>nt Libanais, Hariri: «Ocalan<br />

n'est plus désiré <strong>et</strong> on le m<strong>et</strong>tra en<br />

<strong>de</strong>hors du Liban». - Le vice-prési<strong>de</strong>nt<br />

iranien est à Ankara pour discuter <strong>de</strong><br />

la coopération sur le plac <strong>de</strong> sécurité.<br />

- Barzani <strong>et</strong> Talabani déclarent une<br />

direction commune <strong>de</strong> leur parti. (Al<br />

Hayat, 19 décembre 1993.), p.169.


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REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASlN ÖZETi<br />

Middle East Dialogue ~.J ~I J."...;JI.;IJ><br />

L'arrestation en France <strong>de</strong> 85 Kur<strong>de</strong>s en début <strong>de</strong> matinée du<br />

18 novembre, a été condamnée par les membres <strong>de</strong>s communautés<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> France, d'Allemagne, <strong>de</strong> Gran<strong>de</strong>-Br<strong>et</strong>agne <strong>et</strong><br />

un peu partout en Europe.<br />

La gran<strong>de</strong> majorité <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s résidant en Europe sont <strong>de</strong>s<br />

réfugiés politiques ayant <strong>de</strong>mandé l'asyle pour échapper à la<br />

guerre génoci<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> la Turquie contre les Kur<strong>de</strong>s du nord-ouest<br />

du Kurdistan. Les lea<strong>de</strong>rs du gouvernement <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> l'armée turcs<br />

ont fait ouvertement part <strong>de</strong> leur politique <strong>de</strong> déplacement forcé<br />

<strong>de</strong> centaines <strong>de</strong> milliers <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> leurs habitillioos dans<br />

la montagne, afin <strong>de</strong> tenter d'isoler les guérillas du PKK (Parti<br />

Travailliste du Kurdistan). Seul au cours <strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>ux années<br />

précé<strong>de</strong>ntes, quelques dix-mille villageois kur<strong>de</strong>s ont été forcés<br />

<strong>de</strong> fuir leurs maisons par les troupes turques <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> chercher<br />

refuge chez leurs amis ou parents <strong>de</strong>s villes du Kurdistan.<br />

Ceux qui osent se récrier contre la politique <strong>de</strong> l'Etat turc au<br />

Kurdistan, que ce soient <strong>de</strong>s représentants élus du peuple, <strong>de</strong>s<br />

journalistes, <strong>de</strong>s enseignants ou <strong>de</strong>s défenseurs <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong><br />

l'homme, sont les cibles <strong>de</strong> commandos <strong>de</strong> la mort fmancés par<br />

IEtat. Ces commandos <strong>de</strong> la mort opt déjà causé la mort <strong>de</strong><br />

quatorze journalistes <strong>de</strong>puis février 1992. Des enfants <strong>de</strong> pas<br />

plus <strong>de</strong> douze ans qui distribuent <strong>de</strong>s exemplaires du quotidien<br />

prokur<strong>de</strong>, OzgUr GUn<strong>de</strong>m, ont été attaqués au couteau <strong>de</strong><br />

boucher. L'un d'eux fut blé à bout portant <strong>de</strong>vant sa m~re.<br />

Pour les familles <strong>et</strong> les amis <strong>de</strong>s réfugiés kur<strong>de</strong>s vivant en<br />

France, la mort, la tOrbIre, la détention <strong>et</strong> l'évacuation forcée<br />

aux mains <strong>de</strong>s forces <strong>de</strong> l'Etat turc, sont une réalité quotidienne.<br />

Face au silence <strong>de</strong> la presse occi<strong>de</strong>ntale <strong>et</strong> au soutien<br />

Dialogue du Moyen-Orient<br />

~ 'La France entre dans la guerre sale <strong>de</strong> la Turquie'<br />

0\<br />

1""""1<br />

~<br />

""<br />

"S ~~<br />

,~<br />

~<br />

Croissance le Mon<strong>de</strong> en Développement<br />

Décembre 1993<br />

dans le mon<strong>de</strong><br />

Malgré l' émoti.on consécutive à la guerre du Golfe, le<br />

problème kur<strong>de</strong> (voir Croissance n° 363) est r<strong>et</strong>ombé dans<br />

l'oubli jusqu'à ce que les récents attentats anti-turcs obligent<br />

les gouvernements occi<strong>de</strong>ntaux à se pencher sur c<strong>et</strong>te<br />

question non résolue <strong>de</strong> l'histoire.<br />

Aujourd'hui, les associations<br />

KURDES<br />

françaises ont décidé <strong>de</strong> lancer<br />

une campagne <strong>d'information</strong> <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />

pression en faveur du peuple kur<strong>de</strong>, saisissant l'occasion<br />

<strong>de</strong>s actuelles ventes d'armes à la Turquie. Le consortium<br />

franco-allemand Eurocopter est en eff<strong>et</strong> en train <strong>de</strong> conclure<br />

un contrat <strong>de</strong> vente <strong>de</strong> 20 hélicoptères Super Puma à la Turquie<br />

(garanti à 100 % par la Coface), alors qu'il est clair<br />

que ces hélicoptères seront en premier lieu utilisés pour<br />

combattre la guérilla kur<strong>de</strong>. Le chancelier Kohl a toutefois<br />

politique, militaire <strong>et</strong> économique apporté à la Turquie par<br />

les états européens, beaucoup <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s ont protesté. La<br />

réaction <strong>de</strong>s autorités françaises <strong>et</strong> alleman<strong>de</strong>s ont été <strong>de</strong> criminaliser<br />

ces gens espérant ainsi éviter d'autres protestations.<br />

L'image <strong>de</strong> réfugiés kur<strong>de</strong>s que l'on emmène <strong>de</strong> force, certains<br />

pieds nus malgré le temps hivernal, est bien la preuve<br />

que la France, tout comme l'Allemagne, ne se contente plus<br />

maintenant <strong>de</strong> fournir <strong>de</strong>s armes contre le peuple du Kurdistan<br />

mais qu'elle se charge également <strong>de</strong> faire le sale boulot<br />

<strong>de</strong> la Turquie.<br />

Des communiqués parus dans le Turkish Daily News,<br />

suggèrent que la Turquie aurait envoyé 100 agents spéciaux<br />

en Europe pour mener <strong>de</strong>s attaques contre les dirigeants du<br />

PKK <strong>et</strong> pour livrer une campagne dont le but est <strong>de</strong> discréditer<br />

le mouvement. Les arrestations en France suggèrent que<br />

certains états européens sont prêts à entrer en connivence<br />

avec le terrorisme <strong>de</strong> l'Etat turc à l'étranger.<br />

La résolution <strong>de</strong> la question kur<strong>de</strong> ne rési<strong>de</strong> pas dans les<br />

attaques militaires, la répression, l'arrestation en masse <strong>et</strong> les<br />

assassinats. Le peuple kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> la reconnaissance <strong>de</strong><br />

son i<strong>de</strong>ntité nationale <strong>et</strong> a à maintes reprises exprimé son désire<br />

d'une résolution pacifique du conflit actuel. La France,<br />

l'Allemagne <strong>et</strong> la Gran<strong>de</strong>-Br<strong>et</strong>agne serviraient mieux les intérêts<br />

<strong>de</strong> la paix s'elles faisaient pression sur le gouvernement<br />

turc pour qu'il ouvre le dialogue avec le peuple kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>et</strong> qu'il<br />

m<strong>et</strong>te fm à sa politique <strong>de</strong> tuerie en masse <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>struction<br />

au Kurdistan.<br />

Centre d'Information du Kurdistan, Londres<br />

exigé <strong>de</strong> la Turquie<br />

que soit appliquée<br />

une clause<br />

<strong>de</strong> non-utilisation<br />

<strong>de</strong>s armes d' origine<br />

alleman<strong>de</strong><br />

contre la population<br />

civile, avec<br />

menace d'embargo<br />

sur les armes pour<br />

l'armée turque.<br />

Pour contourner<br />

c<strong>et</strong>te restriction, la<br />

France envisage<br />

<strong>de</strong> construire seule<br />

ces 20 hélicoptères<br />

qui doivent être livrés<br />

à partir <strong>de</strong><br />

1995. La plateforme<br />

<strong>de</strong>s associations<br />

françaises, sous l'égi<strong>de</strong> d'AGIR ICI, <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> que la<br />

France s'aligne sur les exigences alleman<strong>de</strong>s; si la Turquie<br />

refuse <strong>de</strong> s'y soum<strong>et</strong>tre, le gouvernement français <strong>de</strong>vra<br />

suspendre la livraison <strong>de</strong> ses hélicoptères, comme il l'a déjà<br />

fait par le passé pour <strong>de</strong>s contrats chiliens ou sud-africains.<br />

Le gouvernement actuel saura-t-il prendre une telle décision<br />

politique? (AGIR ICI, 14, passage Dubail, 75010<br />

<strong>Paris</strong>. Tél. (1) 40.35.07.00). A.S.B<br />

o<br />

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Ji


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

o<br />

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2<br />

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Ma vie<br />

<strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong><br />

d'un écrivain <strong>et</strong> homme<br />

 politique Kur<strong>de</strong>, "Ma vie <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>'. écrite<br />

rJutobiographie<br />

par Noureddine Zaza en 1982. <strong>et</strong> réédité<br />

par Labor <strong>et</strong> Fi<strong>de</strong>s (Genève) en 1993, évoque<br />

à travers la vie d'un écrivain <strong>et</strong> homme politique<br />

Kur<strong>de</strong>. l'ensemble <strong>de</strong>s coups portés à ce peuple<br />

écartelé entre différents états, à partir <strong>de</strong>s<br />

années 1920 jusqu'à 1988 (mort <strong>de</strong> l'auteur à<br />

Lausanne).<br />

La précision du témoignage. l'accumulation <strong>de</strong><br />

faits <strong>et</strong> le talent <strong>de</strong> l'auteur ren<strong>de</strong>nt concrète<br />

la pénible expérience <strong>de</strong>s militants <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> tout<br />

un peuple, victimes <strong>de</strong>s provocations <strong>de</strong>s<br />

mesures discriminatoires, <strong>de</strong>s arrestations, <strong>de</strong>s<br />

tortures, <strong>de</strong>s emprisonnements prolongés.<br />

L'évocation chaleureuse <strong>de</strong> la solidarité <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />

l'hospitalité Kur<strong>de</strong> vient tempérer la tristesse du<br />

récit. Elle explique à la fois la constance <strong>de</strong><br />

l'auteur <strong>et</strong> le maintien du combat actuel <strong>de</strong>s<br />

Kur<strong>de</strong>s malgré la puissance <strong>de</strong> leurs ennemis.<br />

Je terminais la lecture <strong>de</strong> ce livre très vivant <strong>et</strong><br />

attachant quand le gouvernement français a<br />

déclenché son opération médiatique anti-<br />

Kur<strong>de</strong>... même si le PKK n'est pas un club<br />

d'enfants <strong>de</strong> chœur, le très_.chrétien Balladur<br />

exige-t-i1 que les Kur<strong>de</strong>s sè' laissent massacrer<br />

sans s'organiser ?... Oui, sans doute, comme le<br />

montre ce passage qui évoque la vie <strong>de</strong><br />

l'auteur en 1928 I...<br />

Nous étions dans un pays libre. Ici. on ne nous<br />

poursuivait pas, on ne nous torturait pas comme<br />

en Turquie. Ce serait la belle vie, pensais-je,<br />

nous y vivrions enfin en sécurité.<br />

En fait, la réalité n'était pas aussi absolue. Dès<br />

qu'ils étalent arrivés à Alep, mon frère <strong>et</strong> ses<br />

amis s'étaient empressés <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>r aux<br />

Français à bénéficier du refuge politique. Ils ne<br />

doutaient pas que la France allait nous<br />

accueillir à bras ouverts <strong>et</strong> nous offrir toutes<br />

sortes <strong>de</strong> facilités pour nous installer en Syrie.<br />

La puissance mandataire, dont le haut<br />

commissariat siégeait à Beyrouth, allait peutêtre<br />

même nous ai<strong>de</strong>r à continuer la lutte pour<br />

la libération du peuple Kur<strong>de</strong> ...<br />

Or, la politique française à l'égard <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

variait selon l'état <strong>de</strong>s relations que la France<br />

entr<strong>et</strong>enait avec la Turquie, nous l'ignorions ...<br />

Et, . une semaine après les démarches<br />

entreprises. la réponse arrivait, invraisemblable<br />

<strong>et</strong> terrifiante: le haut-commissariat rej<strong>et</strong>ait notre<br />

<strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> d'asile <strong>et</strong> manifestait sa<br />

détermination <strong>de</strong> nous livrer aux Turcs, car,<br />

'pour le renforcement <strong>de</strong>s bonnes relations<br />

entre les <strong>de</strong>ux États', Ankara exigeait notre<br />

extradition.<br />

"Ma vie <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>', 125 F, Labor <strong>et</strong> Fi<strong>de</strong>s. 1 rue<br />

Beauregard, CH 1204 Genève.<br />

M<br />

0\<br />

0\<br />

......<br />

Le raisin' <strong>de</strong> Noël<br />

(9)<br />

'. D....<br />

· ,.<br />

erriè~e le grand<br />

portall <strong>de</strong> fer d,!<br />

c, clos Pomone, a<br />

.. " Thomery, se cachent<br />

trente ares <strong>de</strong> bonheur~<br />

Trente ar<strong>et</strong>s <strong>de</strong> fruits<br />

aux chairs fond-antes ou<br />

craquantes, que dore ]a<br />

chau<strong>de</strong> lumière <strong>de</strong> l'automne.<br />

Trente ares <strong>de</strong> succulence,<br />

d'ivresse pour les<br />

papilles. Sûr que dans ce<br />

p<strong>et</strong>it arpent, le bon Dieu<br />

doit venir s'y réfugier<br />

quand les hommes se font<br />

trop désespérants. Mais<br />

c'est un secr<strong>et</strong> que seul<br />

connaît Louis Perfezau, .<br />

l'homme qui veille sur. ce<br />

coin <strong>de</strong> paradis.<br />

LE CADEAU DU SULTAN<br />

AU ROI DE FRANCE<br />

Quarante années dans les<br />

postes <strong>et</strong> télécommunications<br />

ne lui ont pas fait oublier<br />

ses racines paysannes.<br />

Son enfance finistérienne<br />

fut placée sous le double<br />

signe du blé noir <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la<br />

pomme à cidre, sa r<strong>et</strong>raite '<br />

se déroule sous celui <strong>de</strong> la .<br />

vigne. Et pas n:importe laque1le.<br />

Louis Perfezou<br />

règne sur le <strong>de</strong>rnier carré<br />

du prestigieux chasselas <strong>de</strong><br />

Fontainebleau. Au total,<br />

une cinquantaine <strong>de</strong> pieds<br />

qui racontent une vieille<br />

histoire, celle <strong>de</strong>s fameux<br />

raisins <strong>de</strong> Noël.<br />

On dit ici que Soliman le<br />

Magnifique, sultan otto-<br />

man, donna un jour à son<br />

allié François 1 er quelques<br />

pi


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVlEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASlN ÖZETÎ<br />

Wednesday, December 1,1993 turkish daily news<br />

Clinton: No l<strong>et</strong>up in sanctions against Iraq<br />

Says he believes Iraqi Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Saddam Hussein remains committed to<br />

rebuilding his weapons of mass <strong>de</strong>struction, especially nuclear weapons<br />

Reuters<br />

WASHINGTON- U.S. Presi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />

Bill Clinton has said it is extremely importantto<br />

maintain current United Nations<br />

sanctions against Iraq until it has<br />

a track record of compliance on scrapping<br />

.its we~pons-building potential.<br />

Chnton, In a report to Congress on<br />

the sanctions, said he believed Iraqi<br />

Pre~i<strong>de</strong>nt Saddam Hussein remained<br />

committed to rebuilding his weapons<br />

of mass <strong>de</strong>struction, especially.nuclear<br />

weapons, <strong>de</strong>spite Iraq's acceptance last<br />

Frioay of long-term monitoring of its<br />

weapons pro~ram.<br />

Such mOnitoring,<br />

1991 GulfWar<br />

required un<strong>de</strong>r the<br />

cease-fire agreements, is one of the<br />

conditions<br />

embargo<br />

for the early liftin~ of an oil<br />

that was imposea on Iraq<br />

along with other sanctions after its Augustl.990<br />

invasion of Kuwait.<br />

Clinton said his administration also<br />

believed that Saddam "is most likely<br />

continuing to conceal weapons-related<br />

activities from the U.N.<br />

"It is therefore extremely important<br />

thattheinternational community maintain<br />

current sanctions and continue its<br />

efforts to establish the lonq-,term monitoring<br />

regime required by U.N. Security<br />

Council Resolution 715. "Althou~h<br />

Iraq has said that it is ready to comply<br />

with that resolution, it still must take<br />

significant steps, including the provision<br />

of new data about the supphers of<br />

U.S. Presi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />

its WMD (weapons of mass <strong>de</strong>struction)<br />

program, Clinton wrote. Rolf<br />

Ekeus, chairman of the U.N.<br />

Special Commission in charge of<br />

scrapping Iraq's <strong>de</strong>adliest weapons, has<br />

told Iraq that it must establish a clear<br />

record of compliance before he can report<br />

favorably<br />

cil.<br />

to the Security Coun-<br />

"We strongly support this approach,"<br />

the presi<strong>de</strong>nt said. His remarks were<br />

contained in a report he must send to<br />

congressionallea<strong>de</strong>rs every 60 days on<br />

efforts to obtain Iraqi compliance with<br />

U.N. resolutions.<br />

Clinton also faulted Iraq for its continued<br />

of' compliance by Iraq.<br />

refusal to sell $1.6 billion in oil,<br />

a step authorized<br />

cil.<br />

by the Security Coun-<br />

The United Nations would l<strong>et</strong> the<br />

Bill Clinton<br />

proceeds be used to buy food, medicine<br />

and supplies for essential ci vilian<br />

needs, subject to U.N. monitoring of<br />

sales and the equitable distribution of<br />

humanitarian supplies, including to<br />

rebel areas.<br />

"Iraqi authorities bear full responsibility<br />

for any suffering in Iraq that results<br />

from their refusal to implement"<br />

such oil sales, Clinton said.<br />

Earlier in the day. the U.S. Ambassador<br />

to the United Nations, Ma<strong>de</strong>leine<br />

Albright, told reporters: "We have said<br />

the same thing over and over again.<br />

We're looking for a sustained pattern<br />

Albright and other permanent members<br />

of the council, Britain, France,<br />

China and Russia, were briefed by Ekeus<br />

Monday.<br />

France has said it would agree eventually<br />

to lifting the .embargo if UN-<br />

SCaM, as Ekeus's commission is<br />

known. <strong>de</strong>ems it had compl<strong>et</strong>ed its<br />

work. China is known to have a similar<br />

position.<br />

Britain and Russia are more cautious<br />

but envoys said they recognized that<br />

Iraq's formal acceptance or the longterm<br />

monitoring constituted<br />

progress.<br />

"The Americans are being tougher<br />

than anyone else," said one envoy at<br />

the council briefing.<br />

"One has to recognize the monitorin~<br />

was a positive step as we have been<br />

aSKing for it, so l<strong>et</strong> them g<strong>et</strong> on with<br />

implementing it," he ad<strong>de</strong>d. "One cannot<br />

always say that whatever the Iraqis<br />

do is \Hong."<br />

3


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />

J<strong>et</strong>s hit northern Iraq<br />

• France expands crackdown on PKK, the organization threatens GeT11Ulny<br />

• Çiller says no civilians hanned during bombing oj 'PKK camps'<br />

.• Iraqi Kurds say two villages hit, three <strong>de</strong>ad, 6 children injured<br />

• KDP claims victims had links with international aid agencies<br />

Turkish Daily News<br />

ANKARA- Turkish warplanes carried<br />

out a five-hour strike on nine separate<br />

targ<strong>et</strong>s in northern Iraq, Prime<br />

Minister Tansu Çiller said on Tuesday..<br />

. ..<br />

Çiller saId the targ<strong>et</strong>s of the aIr raIds<br />

were camps of the outlawed Kurdistan<br />

Workers' Party (PKK), and that no civilians<br />

were hanued.<br />

Iraqi Kurdish officials claimed, however<br />

that the "indiscriminate" attacks.<br />

targèted two villages in the Barzan area<br />

and left three civilians killed and six<br />

éhildren woun<strong>de</strong>d. A statement issued<br />

from Çiller's press office said there<br />

were neithèr civilian s<strong>et</strong>tlements nor<br />

northern Iraqis within at least four kilom<strong>et</strong>ers<br />

of the targ<strong>et</strong>s. "Northern Iraqi<br />

officials were informed of the operation<br />

on time," it said.<br />

"The operation started at 10:30 a ..m.<br />

local time and en<strong>de</strong>d at 3:~0 p.m. NIn~<br />

taro<strong>et</strong>s in the areas of Mez!, Kerya<strong>de</strong>n,<br />

Si~i and Shiviwere. hit, an~ ~ total of<br />

16 sorties were carned out, It ad<strong>de</strong>d.<br />

According to the sta.tement, the oper~tion<br />

was carried out In a 400 square-kilom<strong>et</strong>er<br />

(10 x 40) area.<br />

Çiller said, "The tents and shelters<br />

where the terrorists were hiding have<br />

been <strong>de</strong>stroyed. Neither a single Ir~qi<br />

soldier nor any s<strong>et</strong>tlements belongm~<br />

to Iraqi citizens have been harmed. '<br />

The operation zone was reportedly the<br />

bor<strong>de</strong>r area, north of the 36th parallel,<br />

where Iraq has no control.<br />

Although the prime minister said the<br />

operation was carried out only after<br />

Iraq was infonued, a spokesperson for<br />

. the Iraqi embassy in Ankara said they<br />

had received no information on the<br />

raids. .'<br />

Contrary to the government report, a<br />

strongly wor<strong>de</strong>d statement issued by<br />

the Iraqi Kurdistan Democratic Party<br />

(KDP) said that Turkish warplanes had<br />

bombed on Monday two Kurdish villages<br />

in the Barzan region insi<strong>de</strong> Iraqi<br />

Kurdistan.<br />

"The latest air raid killed three civilians<br />

,and woun<strong>de</strong>d six children in the<br />

villages of Hiezen and Siena. These<br />

villa~es are located nearly 40 kilom<strong>et</strong>ers<br />

aeep insi<strong>de</strong> northern Iraq. The villagers<br />

are new Iraqi-Kurdish r<strong>et</strong>urnees<br />

who have been assisted in their r<strong>et</strong>urn<br />

4<br />

to their native home by international aid<br />

agencies," it said.<br />

It ad<strong>de</strong>d, "There have been indiscriminate<br />

Turkish air raids and shellings of innocent<br />

Kurdish civilians in the bor<strong>de</strong>r region. There<br />

are serious doubts that all these attacks have<br />

been carried out by Turkey in error. There is<br />

no PKK presence or base in the targ<strong>et</strong>ed area."<br />

The KDP also con<strong>de</strong>mned the raids and<br />

called on the Turkish government "to compensate<br />

victims of the last air attack and end<br />

ItS cross-bor<strong>de</strong>r attacks on Kurdish civil-<br />

. lans .."<br />

Anti.PKK operations in Europe<br />

The operations against .PKK activities in<br />

Europe continued on Tuesday as the 12<br />

countries of the European Umon<br />

reach a consensus on the issue.<br />

failed<br />

.<br />

to<br />

France on Tuesday banned two Kurdish<br />

groups, expanding<br />

activIsts, involved<br />

the crackdown<br />

in a separatist<br />

in which<br />

campaign<br />

. against Turkey,<br />

rorist activities.<br />

have been charged with ter-<br />

Officials in France or<strong>de</strong>red<br />

the dissolution of the Kurdistan Committee<br />

and the Fe<strong>de</strong>ration of Cultural Associations<br />

and Patriotic. Workers of Kurdistan, said<br />

government<br />

Sarkozy<br />

spokesman<br />

called the<br />

Nicolas Sar~ozx.<br />

two orgamzatIons<br />

"spinoff groups" of the PKK whIch is fighting<br />

a 9-year-old guerrilla war for an in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt<br />

Kurdish state in southeastern Tur- '<br />

key, in which more than Il,000<br />

been killed so far.<br />

people have<br />

Interior Minister Charles Pasqua, known<br />

for his tough tactics against crime and illegal<br />

immigration, had urged the action and<br />

was backed by the Cabin<strong>et</strong> of conservative<br />

Premier Edouard Balladur during its weekly<br />

me<strong>et</strong>ing Tuesday, Sarkozy said. The French<br />

government's <strong>de</strong>cision came a week after<br />

Germany,often a haven for political groups<br />

in exile, outlawed<br />

Party or PKK.<br />

the Kurdistan Workers'<br />

Germany and German interests in Turkey.<br />

were threatened by the PKK on Tuesday for<br />

"backing Ankara against the PKK." Holding<br />

a press conference in the, German city of<br />

Cologne, Cengiz Dereli, the spokesman of<br />

the outlawed Kurdistan CommIttee said that.<br />

Germany's<br />

take."<br />

<strong>de</strong>cision was a "political mis-<br />

Meanwhile, groups of people occupied<br />

two associations in Nurnberg and Ingolstadt<br />

in Germany, which were dosed down by<br />

the Genuan government because of their involvement<br />

in PKK activities. The pro-PKK.<br />

<strong>de</strong>monstrators said thatthey would blow up .<br />

the building if police intervened. The police<br />

fired into the air twice to disperse the<br />

crowd, but failed to prohibit the occupation<br />

in Nurnberg.<br />

The possIbility of a joint EU polièy on legal<br />

moves against the PKK was discussed in<br />

two-days of talks in Brussels, ending Tuesday.<br />

The 12 failed to come up with a joint<br />

strategy because of different approaches on<br />

the issue. Turkey's historical nval Greece<br />

reportedly stood. against banning the activities<br />

of the PKK with this bemg a move<br />

which might benefit Turkey, its ally in<br />

NATO.<br />

Genuanlnterior Minister Manfred Kanther<br />

revealed that only Greece had opposed<br />

placing the PKK on the EO's list of terrorist<br />

organizations.<br />

Turkish Prime Minister Tansu Çiller reportedly<br />

had a telephone conversation with<br />

German Chancellor Helmut Kohl on Monday<br />

evening and evalu~ted the. recent. sit.uation<br />

as re,gards cooperatIon agamst terronsm<br />

and other political matters. Belgian Interior<br />

Minister Louis Tobback said that his country<br />

did not criticize Germany's <strong>de</strong>cision to.<br />

outlaw the PKK, but the level of activities<br />

of the organization in Belgium had not y<strong>et</strong><br />

reached the level experienced in Germany.<br />

Belgian intelligence units, quoted by Anatolia<br />

news agency, accused Tobback on the<br />

other hand of ignoring the threat coming<br />

from the PKK, blockmg their operations<br />

against the PKK. The Europe headquarters<br />

of the ERNK, the so-called p~litical front ~f<br />

the PKK which was banned In Germany, IS<br />

in Brussels.<br />

Following Germany's move, ERNK's.<br />

spokesman Kani Ytlmaz once again threatened<br />

European tourists goin& to Turkey next<br />

yeT~rkish Foreign Minister Hikm<strong>et</strong> ç<strong>et</strong>in,<br />

who is in Rome for the me<strong>et</strong>ing of the Con- .<br />

ference on Security and Cooperation in Europe<br />

(CSCE) and m<strong>et</strong> with his West Europe-.<br />

an counterparts brieflyon Tuesday, said that.<br />

European countries are working on a plan to .<br />

take Joint action on the prohibition of terror- .<br />

ist activities in Europe.. .<br />

Ç<strong>et</strong>in said he also talked with his Bulgari- .<br />

----


REvuE DE PRESSE ..PRESS REvIEw ..BERHEVOKA ÇAP~ ..RMSTA STAMPA ..DENTRO DE LA PRENSA ..BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />

an counterpart Stanislav Daskalov Monday<br />

night and warned him against the possibility<br />

of PKK militants trying to find shelter in<br />

Eastern European countries and particularly<br />

in Bulgaria, äfter the blows in Western Europe.<br />

Meanwhile, Bulgarian Deputy Foreign<br />

Minister Dimitri Ikonomov arrived in Turkey<br />

on Monday for political consultations<br />

with his counterpart Bilgin Vnan of the<br />

Turkish Foreign Ministry. Bringing a message<br />

from the Bulgarian Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Jelu Jelev<br />

to Turkish Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Suleyman Demirel,<br />

Ikonomov said his country was ready to<br />

coo~rate with Turkey on "every kind of<br />

terrorism. "<br />

11 villagers are missing insoutheast<br />

The villagers are said to !'ave been taken into<br />

gendannerie custody on Oct. 8near Kulp, Diyarba1ar<br />

Turkish Daily News<br />

AN KARA- A group of villagers<br />

have been reportedly missing for nearly<br />

two months in southeast Turkey,<br />

following a security operation in early<br />

October ID Diyarbakir province, one of<br />

the relatives of the 12 missing villagers<br />

said on Tuesday.<br />

Mirza Ak<strong>de</strong>niz. \\ hose father is<br />

a:n'onrt the missi'1g, i: !d•.te Turkish<br />

DiülycNews that he could not g<strong>et</strong> any<br />

information on the whereabouts f)f .the<br />

missina people, <strong>de</strong>spite his conta<strong>et</strong>s<br />

with th~ RegIOnalGovernor's Office in<br />

DiyarbakIr, various members of Parliament<br />

and several ministers in Ankara.<br />

Having lived in the Inkaya village of<br />

Kulp township of DiyarbakIr in southeast<br />

Turkey. Ak<strong>de</strong>niz told his story to<br />

TON as follows:<br />

PKK or<strong>de</strong>rs closure of schools<br />

Turkish<br />

"We had taken our animals to 'Sen'<br />

meadow near our village. Helicopters<br />

came.<br />

We thoughtthere was going to be<br />

an operation against PKK (outlawed<br />

Kurdistan Workers' Party) militants. "I<br />

took the animals to Kulp {o save them<br />

from possible stray bull<strong>et</strong>s on Oct. 7.<br />

Two days later my mother came to<br />

Kulp from the village.<br />

I asked her where my father was.<br />

She told me that the soldiers had<br />

burned down our house and several<br />

other houses in the village and had t3kç~away<br />

my father along with ten other<br />

Villagers."<br />

Ak<strong>de</strong>niz said his 65-year-old falher<br />

Mehm<strong>et</strong> Salih Ak<strong>de</strong>niz had been the<br />

headman of the village for lh.e last 22<br />

Daily News<br />

years and had very good relations with<br />

.l"'e 10(,1! miHtary and civilian officials.<br />

"Maj. Sim Susut and Maj. Sabri Segmen<br />

will attest to the fact that my father<br />

was very helpful to Turkish security<br />

forces when'they were in need," Ak<strong>de</strong>niz<br />

said. "Despite that, I received no<br />

help from officials in my efforts to find<br />

the whereabouts of my father and others."<br />

Ak<strong>de</strong>niz gave the list of other mis~ing<br />

people as follows: Mehm<strong>et</strong> Senf<br />

Avar. Hasan Avar. Nusr<strong>et</strong>tin Yerlikaya,<br />

Celil Aydoldu. Turan Demir. Abdo<br />

Yamak. Cefil.Simsek. ~ahin ~talay,'<br />

Recep Tutu~, (J'mit Ta~. Ak<strong>de</strong>Olz says<br />

he is afraid to r<strong>et</strong>urn to his village and,<br />

instead, is staying in Diyarbakir for the<br />

time being.<br />

He ad<strong>de</strong>d that he was worried about<br />

his father's life and is waiting for an explanation<br />

from officials.<br />

DIYARBAklR/ANKARA- The<br />

outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party<br />

(PKK) on Tuesday or<strong>de</strong>red the closure<br />

of all "educational institutions"<br />

in the southeast region, warning that<br />

it would place "violators 'of the ban"<br />

. among its targ<strong>et</strong>s.<br />

In a statement it issued in Di¥arbakif,<br />

the PKK Armed ProvlDcial<br />

Command said the <strong>de</strong>cision was taken<br />

in protest of official policies.<br />

It accused Turkish educational institutions<br />

of spreading state propa$anda<br />

and said thatto mark the anmversary<br />

of its struggle, the organization<br />

would now place violators of its ban<br />

among "revolutionary targ<strong>et</strong>s."<br />

Vn<strong>de</strong>r this new ban, school buildings,<br />

teachers and even stu<strong>de</strong>nts<br />

wilfbecome targ<strong>et</strong>s for the organization.<br />

Over Il,000 people, including<br />

hundreds of innocent women and<br />

children, have been killed in the past<br />

nine years of the PKK's armed campaign<br />

for self-rule in the region.<br />

A.F.P. - Agence France Presse-A.F.P. - Agence France Presse-A.F.P. - Agence France Presse-A.F.P. - Agence France Press<br />

FRA030S 4 rd157<br />

TUR /AFP~EX73<br />

Tu r q l~i €.'--hlH' ch:!~; '. . t t f f-' ,., _ -H:-" C.'....1 .f.. ., ,•.,<br />

An!-


REvuE DE PRESSE-PRESS REvIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RMSTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASlN ÖZETi<br />

A.F.P. - Agence France Presse - A.F.P. - Agence France Presse - A.F.P. - Agence France Presse - A.F.P. - Agence France Press<br />

FRA0473 4 I 0207 RFA IAFP-GRS8<br />

Al1emagn(;?-hur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

L'Allemagne m<strong>et</strong> en gar<strong>de</strong> le PKK centre <strong>de</strong>s actions violentes<br />

BERLIN, 1er déc (AFP) - L'Allemagne a mis sévèrement en gar<strong>de</strong> mercredi le<br />

Parti <strong>de</strong>s Travailleurs du Kurdistan (PhK) centre toute attaque contre ~~~<br />

intérêts, alors que <strong>de</strong>s actIons <strong>de</strong> soutien aux séparatistes kur<strong>de</strong>s se<br />

poursuivaient dans le pays.<br />

ilL. 'emplcli <strong>de</strong> la vicJlence con tt'e <strong>de</strong>s f'.11emal.,ds, ici CHA à l'étr::lngcr,nc~<br />

sera pas acceptée", a prévenu le ministre <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur Manfred hanther lors<br />

d 'lHlec:otlfér<strong>et</strong>lce<strong>de</strong> presse ;:~B<strong>et</strong>'lin. Il Nou!:irépondrons dl~rE~mE!ntil t.ct4b? Fc;:--:-:-:.::'<br />

<strong>de</strong> vicJJ.ence<strong>de</strong> la part du P~\J(II, a-t-il ajcut.é.<br />

Vendredi, le PKh avait affirmé <strong>de</strong>puis <strong>Paris</strong> que son jnterdi~ticn en<br />

AIIE?magne le même jOl~r allait provoquer ilIa colèt'£'du pf:,'uplE:\ kurds,1ICCJnt.r'c'<br />

"l'Al:lE:~magne€~t le~-:ïintéF'éts ill.lE!mands".<br />

M. Kanther n souligné que la police alleman<strong>de</strong> ~cuvait déci<strong>de</strong>r à tout<br />

moment d'effectuer à nouveau <strong>de</strong>s perquisitions dans les locaux d'associations<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s. en Allemagne, comme cela a été le cas vendredi.<br />

Plusieurs dizaines <strong>de</strong> hur<strong>de</strong>s ont continué mercredi à occuper divers<br />

centres culturels ou maisons d'édition kur<strong>de</strong>s interdits par les autcrit6s<br />

alleman<strong>de</strong>s, à Dusseldorf (ouest), Brême (nord), Fribourg (sud), Stuttgart<br />

(sud) <strong>et</strong> Ulm (sud).<br />

)/.1.. f Imb/mfo<br />

AFP 011826 .DEC 93<br />

A.F.P. - Agence France Presse-A.F.P. - Agence France Presse-A.F.P. - Agence France Presse-A.F.P. - Agence France Press<br />

FRA0501 4 GI 0141 FRA IAFP-GW84<br />

Ft'ance-hur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

Création d'un comité <strong>de</strong> soutien en faveur d'un <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s mis en examen à <strong>Paris</strong>.<br />

GRENOBL.E, 1er déc (AFP) - L~ comité <strong>de</strong> soutien s'est mis en place à<br />

Saint-Martin-le-Vinoux (Isère), à l'appel <strong>de</strong> la CGT, en faveur d'un <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

mis en examen à <strong>Paris</strong> à l'issue d'une opération <strong>de</strong> police le 18 novembre,<br />

a-t-on appris mercredi auprès du syndicat •.<br />

Youssouf Celik, 52 ans, résidant à Saint-Martin-le-Vinoux, près do<br />

Gr<strong>et</strong>lClb.le,<strong>et</strong> sYtldiqué à la CGT, est "tm m:il.itantkurdc~ <strong>et</strong>~ non un t.error'istE'.<br />

Pourquoi est-il détenu pour une activité menée au grand jour?"~ s'est <strong>de</strong>mandée<br />

Monique Bureau, secrétaire <strong>de</strong> l'Union départementale <strong>de</strong> la CGT.<br />

Le comité <strong>de</strong> soutien, créé mardi soir, regroupe notamment le MRAP, le PCF,<br />

la LeR, les Refondateurs communistes, l'union locale <strong>de</strong> la CFDT <strong>et</strong> la Ligue<br />

<strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'Homme en Iran.<br />

ajb/jpb/l11s<br />

AFP 011850 DEC 93<br />

INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRmUNE, DECEMBER 1, 1993<br />

2 Kurdish Groups Banned inFranœ<br />

pAlOS (Reuten) - Fraoce, in I. joint crackdown with OermaDy,<br />

blued two lCurdiIb poupI Oll TUeeday that it Slid were front orpdizatiODs<br />

for the . K.Urdish Worbls Party.<br />

Interior ~ Qarles Puqua said the t bid cIiiiIoIwcl<br />

the K.untiIta ('1'IIIIMÎft_ and the F~tan Cultural<br />

~tinnt ad hIDoâc Worten. fie Slid the lfOUPI were the leaal<br />

front of the. K.anIiIh Worten Party '.'wbidl in FI'IDCe, al in ot6r:r<br />

........... ClOIIIltrieiI, carriea out terrorist or çrimiDal actions wbidl we<br />

CIIIIlot ... Oll _ .taritory."<br />

6


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA<br />

STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />

Nouveaux raids<br />

aériens turcs dans<br />

le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak<br />

Forte <strong>de</strong> l'appui <strong>de</strong> l'Occi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />

dans la guerre qu'elle mène<br />

contre le PKK, la Turquie a<br />

relancé l'offensive contre les<br />

rebelles kur<strong>de</strong>s dans le nord <strong>de</strong><br />

l'Irak. L'aviation turque a ainsi bombardé<br />

lundi <strong>de</strong>s régions du nord <strong>de</strong><br />

l'Irak à \a frontière turque dans une<br />

série <strong>de</strong> raids contre <strong>de</strong>s rebelles<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> Turquie qui "s'apprêtaient<br />

à <strong>de</strong>s actions" sur le territoire turc,<br />

ont indiqué <strong>de</strong>s sources militaires à<br />

Ankara. En Irak, <strong>de</strong>s habitants du village<br />

kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Hisan, non loin <strong>de</strong> la<br />

frontière turque, ont confirmé ces<br />

informations, en précisant que les<br />

opérations militaires turques avaient<br />

fait <strong>de</strong>s victimes parmi les civils<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> la région; <strong>de</strong>ux personnes<br />

auraient été tuées <strong>et</strong> treize autres<br />

blessées lors du bombar<strong>de</strong>ment <strong>de</strong><br />

leur village, qui n'abritait pas <strong>de</strong> base<br />

du PKK, par quatre avions <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s<br />

hélicoptères turcs.<br />

Hormis ces "bavures", qu'il<br />

ont d'ailleurs démenties, les militaires<br />

turcs n'ont pu communiquer<br />

aucun bilan d'éventuelles victimes<br />

dans les rangs du PKK. Les raids <strong>de</strong><br />

lundi visaient 9 objectifs dans les<br />

zones <strong>de</strong> Mezi, Karya<strong>de</strong>ri, Sinji <strong>et</strong><br />

Shivi, en territoire irakien, qui<br />

auraient tous été détrults selon eux;<br />

Les opérations se seraient poursuivies<br />

pendant cinq heures pendant<br />

lesquelles les avions turcs ont fait 16<br />

sorties contre les rebelles du PKK.<br />

Démentant les informations selon<br />

lesquelles <strong>de</strong>s civils kur<strong>de</strong>s irakiens<br />

auraient été touchés par ces raids,<br />

les militaires ont précisé qu'aucune<br />

localité civile ne se trouve à moins <strong>de</strong><br />

4 km <strong>de</strong>s objectifs bombardés <strong>et</strong> que<br />

les dirigeants kur<strong>de</strong>s ont été informés<br />

à l'avance <strong>de</strong>s opérations <strong>de</strong><br />

l'aviation.<br />

Après avoir obtenu le<br />

consensus <strong>de</strong> l'Occi<strong>de</strong>nt, <strong>et</strong> particulièrement<br />

<strong>de</strong> l'Allemagne, sur le<br />

PKK, au nom <strong>de</strong> la lutte "anti-terroriste",<br />

les autorités d'Ankara se sont<br />

lancées dans une vaste offensive<br />

diplomatique afin <strong>de</strong> convaioore les<br />

voisins <strong>de</strong> la Turquie, la Syrie, l'Iran<br />

<strong>et</strong> le Kurdistan irakien, <strong>de</strong> coopérer<br />

contre le PKK, ou du moins <strong>de</strong> ne<br />

pas servir <strong>de</strong> base arrière pour les<br />

rebelles kur<strong>de</strong>s. Ankara avait ainsi<br />

appelé début novembre les Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

d'Irak à respecter leurs engage-<br />

[ gamk - 1er décembre 1993 ]<br />

ments donnés à l'issue d'une opération<br />

d'envergure <strong>de</strong> l'armée turque<br />

dans le nord irakien contre le PKK en<br />

automne, sur la présence du PKK<br />

dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak, sous contrôle<br />

<strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s irakiens. La Turquie<br />

avait exigé que ces mesures soient<br />

"prises par les forces qui tiennent le<br />

nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak sous leur contrôle afin<br />

le PKK <strong>de</strong> s'y réinstaller". Le "gouvernement<br />

kur<strong>de</strong> irakien avait pour<br />

sa part démenti l'existence <strong>de</strong> bases<br />

du PKK dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak.<br />

Libération - l er décembre 1993<br />

SECURITE<br />

Le gouvernement dissout<br />

<strong>de</strong>ux associations kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

((Cesfaça<strong>de</strong>s légales du PKK" se livreraient<br />

c(à <strong>de</strong>s actions <strong>de</strong> caractère terroriste ou délictuel".<br />

Deux semaines après la rafle tou- Pasqua a refusé tout lien entre les décichant<br />

les membres présumés en sions françaises <strong>et</strong> les interdictions<br />

France du Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du «anti-PKK» annoncées vendredi par<br />

Kurdistan, ce mardi, Charles Pasqua a les autorités alleman<strong>de</strong>s. na déclaré que<br />

voulu à sa manière boucler le dossier lesuj<strong>et</strong>avaitétéabordéltmdi,lorsd'une<br />

policier <strong>de</strong> l'affaire. A sa <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>, le rencontre à huis clos entre ministres <strong>de</strong><br />

Conseil <strong>de</strong>s ministres d'hier matin a l'Intérieur européens, où l'on s'est pendissous<br />

par décr<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux importantes as- ché entre autres sur« lesmenaces <strong>de</strong> tersociations<br />

présentées par le ministre <strong>de</strong> rorisme» <strong>et</strong> où le ministre français a<br />

l'Intérieur comme «<strong>de</strong>s faça<strong>de</strong>s lé- «proposé à bref délai un programmtl<br />

gales du PKK qui, en France comme opérationnel».<br />

dans d'autres pays d'Europe, se livre Cinq avocats <strong>de</strong>s 24 Kur<strong>de</strong>s mis en<br />

à <strong>de</strong>s actions <strong>de</strong> caractère terroriste ou examen ag,rès la rafle du 18 novembre<br />

délictwl., ns' agit du Comité du Kur - ont mimifesté hier leur étonnement en<br />

distan <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la Fédération <strong>de</strong>s associa- apprenant l'interdiction <strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>ux assotions<br />

culturelles <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs pa- ciations. «On estpassé d'un délit <strong>de</strong> sotriotes<br />

du Kurdistan en France, lidarité à un délit äopinion». s'est ex-<br />

Yekkom-Kurdistan, ainsi que <strong>de</strong> sept clamé Me Stéphane Maugendre. Avec<br />

comités appartenant à c<strong>et</strong>te <strong>de</strong>rnière, ses collègues, Daniel Jacoby, Christine<br />

qui rentreraient :>US les coups <strong>de</strong> la loi Martineau, William Boudon, Chris<strong>de</strong><br />

janvier 1936 sur les groupes <strong>de</strong> com- tophe Voituriez, ils ont voulu exprimer<br />

bat <strong>et</strong> les milices privées. leur désarroi <strong>de</strong>vant une affaire judi-<br />

Dans une conférence <strong>de</strong> presse tenue ciaire où, selon eux, «il n'y a rien inhier<br />

après-midi, <strong>et</strong> sans rentrer dans les dividuellement dans les dossiers qui<br />

détails <strong>de</strong>s charges r<strong>et</strong>enues contre les justifie ['incrimination d'association<br />

<strong>de</strong>ux associations (maisénurnérantplu- <strong>de</strong> malfaiteurs ~n relation avec une ensieurs<br />

actes commis contre <strong>de</strong>s intérêts treprise terroriste ».<br />

turcs en France <strong>et</strong> attribués au PKK), Ezzat Dere, responsable du Comité du<br />

Charles Pasqua a défini pour l'avenir Kl1rdistan à <strong>Paris</strong>, s'est insurgé contre<br />

les limites <strong>de</strong>s activités qui seront per- la dissolution d'associations qui n'aumises<br />

aux 60 000 Kur<strong>de</strong>s résidant sur le raient jamais mené «<strong>de</strong>s activités qui<br />

territoire. «Lïmmensemajoritéd'entre violent la Constitnlion <strong>et</strong> la loi franeux<br />

n'aspirent qu'à s'intégrer à la corn- çaises». C<strong>et</strong>te décision ne serait qu' «un<br />

munautéfrançaise, <strong>et</strong> c'.est aussi notre ordre du gouvernement turc aux gouvœu.<br />

De multiples associations kur<strong>de</strong>s vernements européens». Les <strong>de</strong>œ. asexistent<br />

qui ont unobj<strong>et</strong> culturel. Il n'est sociations <strong>de</strong>vraient se pourvoir <strong>de</strong>vant<br />

pas question <strong>de</strong> les interdire.» Charles le tribunal administratif. N. A.<br />

7


Le gouvernement français interdit<br />

<strong>de</strong>s associations kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

Indignation<br />

Le Comité <strong>de</strong> défense <strong>de</strong>s<br />

libert,s <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong><br />

l'homme a fait hier soir la<br />

déclaràtion suivante: .. La<br />

dissolution <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux<br />

associations kur<strong>de</strong>s décidée .<br />

par le gouvernement français<br />

- après les mesures<br />

semblables prises par les<br />

autorités alleman<strong>de</strong>s -<br />

suscite une vive indignation<br />

chez toutes celles <strong>et</strong> ceux qui<br />

sont attachés au respect <strong>de</strong>s<br />

libertés <strong>et</strong> aux principes<br />

démocratiques qui font d'un<br />

pays un Etat <strong>de</strong> droiL<br />

Le Comité <strong>de</strong> défense <strong>de</strong>s<br />

libertés <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong><br />

l'homme condamne ces<br />

décisions prises pour <strong>de</strong>s<br />

raisons inavouables, au<br />

premier rang <strong>de</strong>squelles les<br />

ventes d'armes <strong>et</strong> la<br />

fructueuse coopération<br />

militaire avec le régime<br />

d'Ankara, alors que ce <strong>de</strong>rnier<br />

mène une sanglante<br />

répression contre le peuple<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>, auquel nous<br />

réaffirmons toute notre<br />

solidarité. Le gouvernement<br />

français doit revenir sur ces<br />

décisions. Il<br />

• Azad Dere, responsable du<br />

comité du Kurdistan, a déclaré<br />

: « Cela fait suite à la<br />

réunion <strong>de</strong>s ministres <strong>de</strong> la<br />

Justice <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur <strong>de</strong>s<br />

Douze, Cela répond à une <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong><br />

du gouvernement turc,<br />

l'Allemagne a répondu<br />

d'abord, pUIS la France. Nous<br />

faisons ap{lC1 à la justice <strong>et</strong><br />

aux orgamsations démocratiques<br />

pour qu'eHes s'é~èvent<br />

contre ce geste qui va à l'encontre<br />

<strong>de</strong> la Constitution française<br />

car nous n'avons rien fait<br />

d'illégal. »<br />

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Décloration <strong>de</strong> III CGT<br />

Solidaire d'un peuple en lutte<br />

La CGT a fait hier la<br />

déclaration<br />

• suivante:<br />

« Le gouvernement <strong>de</strong><br />

Turquie a obtenu <strong>de</strong>s Etats<br />

européens un soutien dars<br />

sa répression violente<br />

contre le peuple kur<strong>de</strong>. En<br />

eff<strong>et</strong>, après que'Je ministre<br />

<strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur eut organisé<br />

une vaste opération <strong>de</strong><br />

contrôles <strong>et</strong> d'arrestations<br />

parmi les dirigeants <strong>et</strong> les<br />

sympathisants '<strong>de</strong>s<br />

associations kur<strong>de</strong>s en<br />

France, le gouvernement<br />

<strong>de</strong> la RFA a interdit<br />

35 organisations<br />

associatives <strong>et</strong> culturelles<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s en Allemagne sous<br />

prétexte <strong>de</strong> soutien <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />

participation à <strong>de</strong>s'actes<br />

terroristes. Hier, le<br />

gouvernement français<br />

annonçait l'interdiction <strong>de</strong><br />

<strong>de</strong>ux associations kur<strong>de</strong>s.<br />

La coïnci<strong>de</strong>nce <strong>de</strong> ces<br />

mesures <strong>de</strong> répression, la<br />

satisfaction exprimée suite<br />

à celles-ci par le<br />

gouvernement d'Ankara<br />

témoignent d'un accord<br />

politique qui fait <strong>de</strong>s Etats<br />

européens les complices<br />

<strong>de</strong>s souffrances <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s<br />

massacres <strong>de</strong>s populations<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s, en contrepartie<br />

d'échanges commerciaux,<br />

notamment d'armes. C<strong>et</strong>te<br />

sitUation intervient à l'heure<br />

où la cause du peuple<br />

kur<strong>de</strong> r<strong>et</strong>ient l'attention <strong>et</strong><br />

la sympathie d'une fraction<br />

importante <strong>de</strong> l'opinion<br />

publique, grâce à l'action<br />

militante <strong>et</strong> opiniâtre <strong>de</strong>s<br />

réfugiés <strong>et</strong> immigrés<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s ainsi que <strong>de</strong> leurs<br />

associations. La CGT, qui<br />

condamne tout acte<br />

terroriste <strong>et</strong> agit pour le<br />

règlement <strong>de</strong>s conflits par<br />

les négociations, ne saurait<br />

faire l'amalgame entre<br />

ceux qui luttent pour la<br />

reconnaissance <strong>de</strong> leurs<br />

droits, y compris celui <strong>de</strong><br />

l'autodétermination, <strong>et</strong> ceux<br />

qui prônent la violence pour<br />

la violence. De même, elle<br />

ne saurait se taire lorsque<br />

sans aucune preuve on<br />

accuse <strong>de</strong> terrorisme <strong>de</strong>s<br />

personnalités <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s<br />

associations. L'Histoire<br />

n"us l'enseigne <strong>et</strong><br />

l'actualité la plus récente<br />

en donne encore la<br />

preuve: un peuple qui lutte<br />

pour sa culture, son<br />

i<strong>de</strong>ntité, pour sa terre, doit<br />

être entendu. La CGT<br />

entend manifester sa<br />

solidarité totale aux<br />

dirigeants <strong>et</strong> militants<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s vivant en France<br />

ainsi qu'à leurs familles.<br />

Elle exige du<br />

gouvernement français qu'il<br />

libère les militants encore<br />

détenus, suspen<strong>de</strong> toute<br />

mesure d'expulsion,<br />

rappelle Ankara au<br />

respect <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong><br />

l'homme <strong>et</strong> favorise<br />

l'ouverture <strong>de</strong> véritables<br />

négociations, seules<br />

mesures pouvant arrêter la<br />

violence <strong>de</strong> part <strong>et</strong> d'autre.<br />

Pleinement partie prenante<br />

<strong>de</strong> l'appel <strong>de</strong> nombreuses<br />

associations au<br />

rassemblement du jeudi<br />

2 décembre à 18 h 30,<br />

place <strong>de</strong> la République à<br />

<strong>Paris</strong>, la CGT invite ses<br />

organisations à sensibiliser<br />

les salariés <strong>et</strong> à<br />

faire exprimer<br />

massivement la solidarité<br />

en participant à ce<br />

rassemblement. »<br />

Les avocats dénoncent une<br />

« opération politique »<br />

« fit <strong>de</strong> solidarité,<br />

NOS clients étaient<br />

ursuivis pour dé-<br />

maintenant, on peut carrément<br />

parler <strong>de</strong> délit d'opinion. »<br />

C'est M' Mangin qUI parle. Il<br />

vient d'apprendre 9ue le Conseil<br />

<strong>de</strong>s ministres a <strong>de</strong>cidé d'interdire<br />

le Comité du Kurdistan <strong>et</strong><br />

les vingt-trois associations kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

regroupées dans la Fédération<br />

<strong>de</strong>s associations culturelles<br />

<strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du Kurdistan.<br />

La nouvelle est tombée au beau<br />

milieu <strong>de</strong> la conference <strong>de</strong> presse<br />

donnée hier par les avocats <strong>de</strong>s<br />

vingt-quatre Kur<strong>de</strong>s mis en examen<br />

après la rafle policière <strong>de</strong><br />

la semaine <strong>de</strong>rnière. Vingt sont<br />

incarcérés, <strong>de</strong>ux font l'obj<strong>et</strong><br />

d'un arrêté d'expulsion, dont<br />

uoo, Rojine Ayaz, est assignée à<br />

rési<strong>de</strong>nce dans les Deux-Sèvres.<br />

D'entrée <strong>de</strong> jeu, M' Jacoby,<br />

prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong> la Fédération internationale<br />

<strong>de</strong>s ligues <strong>de</strong> droit<br />

<strong>de</strong> l'homme, donnait le ton :<br />

« Nous sommes en présence<br />

d'une affaire politico-juridique.<br />

Une fois <strong>de</strong> plus, le pouvoir se<br />

sert <strong>de</strong> la justice pour réaliser<br />

une opération politique. » Selon<br />

lui, la principale raison <strong>de</strong> la<br />

rafle est à chercher dans le fait<br />

que la France est aujourd'hui le<br />

premier exportateur vers la<br />

Turquie. M' Jacoby s'indigne du (( cynisme<br />

» <strong>de</strong> la France, qui recommence<br />

(( Il y a trois semaines,<br />

le ministre <strong>de</strong> la Défense,<br />

M. Léotard, a réalisé un fructueux<br />

contrat <strong>de</strong> vente d'armes<br />

à Ankara. Dans c<strong>et</strong>te affaire, la<br />

France était en concurrence<br />

avec d'autres Kur<strong>de</strong>s a été pays. La rafle <strong>de</strong>s<br />

la cerise sur le gâteau.<br />

»<br />

qu'elle a « avec fait la Turquie autrefois ce<br />

avec<br />

l'Irak <strong>de</strong> Saddam Hussein ». Il<br />

dénonce les métho<strong>de</strong>s utilisées :<br />

(( Des journalistes avaient été<br />

prévenus avant l'opération. Le<br />

journal turc (( Hurriyt » du<br />

20 novembre publiait <strong>de</strong>s extraits<br />

du rapport <strong>de</strong> la DST qui<br />

avait servi ration. <strong>de</strong> Un base à rapport toute l'opération.<br />

qualifié<br />

d'ultra-secr<strong>et</strong>, que le PKK qui s'apprêtait annonçait<br />

à assassiner<br />

un diplomate turc <strong>et</strong> à enlever<br />

un journaliste en France.<br />

Le 27 novembre, le même journal<br />

annonçait que la France allait<br />

rem<strong>et</strong>tre six membres du<br />

PKK à la Turquie <strong>et</strong> publiait<br />

leurs noms. On a aussi photocopié<br />

<strong>de</strong>s ( preuves» qu'on a remises<br />

à certains journaux :<br />

« France-Soir une facture censée » a ainsi prouver publié<br />

qu'il<br />

y avait eu un rack<strong>et</strong>, mais<br />

c'était en réalité une note <strong>de</strong><br />

blanchisserie. »<br />

A son tour, M' Martineau révèle<br />

que <strong>de</strong>s documents concernant<br />

<strong>de</strong>s personnes protégées<br />

par la Convention <strong>de</strong> Genève<br />

sur les réfugiés ont été livrées à<br />

la police turque <strong>et</strong> souligne la<br />

gravité d'une telle violation.<br />

M' Voituriez insiste sur le fait<br />

que les dossiers sont vi<strong>de</strong>s. Le<br />

seul chef d'inculpation qu'on ait<br />

trouvé est « association <strong>de</strong> malfaiteurs<br />

pour collecte <strong>de</strong> fonds<br />

au bénéfice d'une organisation<br />

terroriste ». Mais, s'indignent<br />

les avocats, au regard <strong>de</strong>s atrocités<br />

commises par l'armée turque<br />

au Kurdistan <strong>et</strong> qui n'ont<br />

fait que s'aggraver ces <strong>de</strong>rniers<br />

temps, n'est-il pas naturel que<br />

la communauté kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> France<br />

manifeste sa solidarité en versant<br />

aux collectes? « On vient<br />

<strong>de</strong> créer le délit <strong>de</strong> solidarité! »,<br />

s'exclame M' Mangin.<br />

En conclusion, M' Jacoby se<br />

déclare consterné par la décision<br />

du C9nseil <strong>de</strong>s ministres :<br />

«( Tou t cela est triste pour l'avenir<br />

<strong>de</strong>s libertés en France. Mais<br />

nous ne laisserons pas faire. Et<br />

nous espérons que les magistrats<br />

nous suivront <strong>et</strong> refuseront <strong>de</strong><br />

servir <strong>de</strong> bras à une telle opération<br />

politique. » F. G.-R.<br />

\0


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ- RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />

10<br />

By Elaine Sci6lino<br />

New York Times Service<br />

.. BRUSSELS - The United States is locked in a<br />

bitter dispute with Germany over Bonn's <strong>de</strong>termination<br />

to boost its economic and political ties with Iran<br />

and thwart Washington's campaign to isolate the<br />

Tehran regime, senior State Department officials said<br />

Wednesday.<br />

Both countries insist that ties b<strong>et</strong>ween the two.<br />

countries are exceptionally strong, and that Presi<strong>de</strong>nt',<br />

Bill Clinton and Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Helmut Kohl have a close i<br />

telationship. But the Iran issue is a major irritant, and.<br />

~ecr<strong>et</strong>ary of State Warren M. Christopher voiced his<br />

displeasure to Foreign Minister Klaus Kinkel during a •<br />

me<strong>et</strong>ing in Rome on Tuesday, the officials said. .<br />

With much fanfare at his first me<strong>et</strong>ing with Europe-<br />

~n Community foreign ministers in Luxembourg in<br />

June, Mr. Christopher announced an American-led<br />

,pitiative to squeeze Iran's economy and hait the sale<br />

of sophisticated technology that could be used for<br />

military purposes. Thè ministers agreed to study the<br />

matter, but most expressed little enthusiasm.<br />

At a press conference during a me<strong>et</strong>ing at the<br />

European Community headquarters in Brussels on<br />

Wednesday, Mr. Christopher said he "had a good<br />

discussion of the situation." Without naming any'<br />

country,. he essentially acknowledged that the initiative<br />

has thus far failed.<br />

Mf. Christopherad<strong>de</strong>d, "The United States continues<br />

to believe Iran is an outlaw nation resisting the<br />

Middle East peace process as well as being involved in<br />

terrorist actions in many countries around the world."<br />

Of other European communities, only Britain has'<br />

wholeheartedly embraced the American initiative,<br />

while Germany, France, Italy and Japan have traditionally<br />

voiced the strongest objections to any curb on<br />

their tra<strong>de</strong> with Iran.<br />

In recent months, Germany has begun to negotiate<br />

the restructuring of Iran's $5 billion in short-term ~ebt .<br />

to G~rman fiJiancial organs, a step that would substantially<br />

help Irari's troubled economy.<br />

Germany has obstructed attempts to limit Western<br />

tra<strong>de</strong> and investment with Tehran until it curbs ïts<br />

weapons buildup and ends its support for terrorism"<br />

and has pushed 'in international me<strong>et</strong>ings for less,<br />

pressure on Iran.<br />

What has most infuriated Washington is that senior<br />

Iranian officials have recently ma<strong>de</strong> official visits to<br />

Germany. When the head of Iran's intelligence and<br />

security services, Ali Fallahian Khuzestani, visited<br />

Bonn in September, he m<strong>et</strong> not only with German<br />

officials, but also with officials at Siemens AG, which<br />

had been building a nuclear reactor in Busheir during<br />

. the regimèQf Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi.<br />

The visft-'prompted Mr. Christopher to make a<br />

sharp protest in a me<strong>et</strong>ing shortly afterward with Mr.<br />

Kinkel.<br />

The Germans, however, see it differently. "The<br />

American position is not fair," said one senior German<br />

official involved in shaping the Iran policy. "The<br />

Americans are saying, 'These are the bad guys and be<br />

finished with them.' We are saying, 'These are the<br />

outcasts and isn't it b<strong>et</strong>ter to have a dialogue with<br />

. them.' We have a certain difference of approach based<br />

on practicality."<br />

The official ad<strong>de</strong>d thllt it was because of a "special<br />

relationship" with Iran that Germany wasable to act<br />

as a mediator to win the release of American hostages<br />

from Iran in 1980. And he insisted that Germany has<br />

. "the toughest legislation in all the world" to prevent'<br />

. the spread of militarily useful equipment.<br />

Part of the problem With Mr.Christopher's initia".<br />

tive is that the United States itself does not ban aU<br />

sales to Iran's military establishment. According to<br />

U.S. intelligence reports, Iran.has circumvented loqp-'<br />

holes in American laws by buying, through Europ~n'<br />

middlemen, American-ma<strong>de</strong> equipment that havel'o:<br />

, tential military ~~es, P~nta~on officials said.<br />

Le Figaro-I er décembre 1993<br />

Un message ferme<br />

aux activistes<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

Les organisations J'isées« sont <strong>de</strong>s faça<strong>de</strong>s<br />

du PKK », a déclaré Charles Pasqua.<br />

Charles Pasqua a <strong>de</strong>maridésocial ". Le regroupement fa<strong>et</strong><br />

obtenu hier du conseil <strong>de</strong>s milial sera mifUlx contrôlé <strong>et</strong><br />

ministres la dissolution <strong>de</strong> exc.lura toute forme <strong>de</strong> polyga<strong>de</strong>ux<br />

associations kur<strong>de</strong>s en mie <strong>et</strong> les reconduites à la<br />

'France. Il s'agit du Comité du frontière seront plus effi-<br />

Kurdistan <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la Fédération caces ", a souligné le ministrE:;<br />

<strong>de</strong>s associations culturelles. «La France luttera contre le<br />

<strong>de</strong>s travailleurs patriotes du travail clan<strong>de</strong>stin en démante-<br />

Kurdistan en France (" Yek- lant à .Ia base les réseaux .<strong>et</strong><br />

kom Kurdistan n). les filières qui amènent leslr8-'<br />

Ces associations dissoutes vailleurs, clan<strong>de</strong>stins en France<br />

« sont les faça<strong>de</strong>s légales du <strong>et</strong> en frappant très lour<strong>de</strong>ment,<br />

Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs. du Kur-. les employeurs responsab/~5:<br />

distan (PKK) qui se livre.à <strong>de</strong>s (... ). Tout cela serait inutile 'si<br />

actions <strong>de</strong> caractère terroriste la France ne cherchait pJ~'<br />

ou délictuel qu'il n'est pas pos- également à coopérer au dév~~<br />

sible <strong>de</strong>jolérer sur notre sol ", loppement <strong>de</strong>s pays en dit/i',<br />

a ~xpliqué un peu plus tard cuité ( ..) <strong>de</strong> l'autre côté <strong>de</strong> la',<br />

Gharle~ Pasqu.il; sQulignal}t Méditerranée ", a-t-il poursuivi.<br />

que ces décisions" ne sont en'-II a cependant admis pr~aucune<br />

façon dirigées contre cisé qu'il" faut lutter contre un<br />

le peuple kur<strong>de</strong> n dont "cha- amalgame déplorable qui peut<br />

cun sait les souf/raneés <strong>et</strong> les sé former (..•) ,dans l'esprit <strong>de</strong><br />

difficultés ".~' La réalité du certains <strong>de</strong> nos concftoyens, je.<br />

PKK, c'est aussi une pressiorr veux parler <strong>de</strong> l'amalgamé:<br />

constante pour extorquer <strong>de</strong>s entre les personnes d'origine<br />

fonds à la communauté maghrébine <strong>et</strong> la délin.<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>. " quance:n. Répondant à une<br />

question sur les intégristes en<br />

cc Paradis<br />

.'social Il<br />

France, M. Pasqua a indiqué<br />

qu'" un dispositif visant à<br />

contrôler les organisations in-,<br />

tégristes <strong>et</strong>. extrémistes n avait<br />

De son côté, le responsable été mis en place <strong>et</strong> qu'il avait<br />

du Comité du Kurdistan à Pa- "clairement mis en gar<strong>de</strong> les<br />

ris, Ezzat Dere,' a affirmé que intégristes .musulmans contre<br />

la décision <strong>de</strong> la France répon'- toute forme d'actions qui s'apdalt<br />

à un " ordre du gouverne- parenteraient au terrorisme ou<br />

ment turo. aux gouvernements qui viseraient à déstabiliser<br />

européens ". M. Dere estime <strong>de</strong>s pays avec lesql,Jels nous<br />

.que le$ <strong>de</strong>ux associations vi- entr<strong>et</strong>enons <strong>de</strong>s relations sui-<br />

_sées n'avaient «jamais exercé. vies d'Etatà Etar". " La stabi<strong>de</strong>s<br />

activités qui violent la Iité <strong>de</strong> ces pays à laquelle la<br />

constitûtion <strong>et</strong> la loi. France peut concourir (...) est<br />

françaises" <strong>et</strong> qu'elles exami. 'un facteur délerf'{linant, plus'<br />

naient la possibilité <strong>de</strong> «pré- particulièrement en Algérie'<br />

senter un recours n. (. . .). Notre intérêt est <strong>de</strong>'<br />

C'har'les. Pasqu" a par construire' un partenariat <strong>et</strong>'<br />

ailleurs péclaré hier dans. un d'éviter ainsi le scénario catasentr<strong>et</strong>ien<br />

publié par l'hebdoma- trophe ". .<br />

daire gou)/srnemental algérien .Evoquant enfin les pro-<br />

Algérie.actualité, que" le gou- blèmes <strong>de</strong> l'Islam en. France,<br />

vernement'français tout entier Charles Pasqua a ipdiqué q'ue<br />

.souhaite faire passer auprès "le principe <strong>de</strong> là laïcité <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la<br />

:<strong>de</strong>s peuples du Maghreb le séparation <strong>de</strong> l'Eglise <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />

message suivant: la France . l'Etat ne lui perm<strong>et</strong> pas, même<br />

:n'a plus,les moyens d'être une en sa qualité dé ministre <strong>de</strong>s.<br />

terre d'immigration n. Il a .. Cultes, <strong>de</strong> " s'immiscer dans,<br />

ajouté que là France allait l'organisa,lion <strong>de</strong> l'Islam en'<br />

;. renforcer ses moyens <strong>de</strong> France ". « En revanche (.)<br />

maîtrise <strong>de</strong> l'immigration" <strong>et</strong> j'appelle <strong>de</strong> mes vœux la forque<br />

ceUe action allait prendre-. malion d'imams qui soient au<br />

"<strong>de</strong>s formes diverses ". fait,<strong>de</strong> la vie nationale <strong>et</strong> qui,<br />

" Les 'immigrés en situation au-<strong>de</strong>là <strong>de</strong> l'enseignement <strong>de</strong><br />

irrégulière ne bénéficieront la religion, comprenrrent la saplus<br />

<strong>de</strong>s formes d'action sO'-ciété française, les princip.es<br />

ciale qui faisaient parfois <strong>de</strong> la laïcs <strong>et</strong> républicains, là France<br />

France une. sorte <strong>de</strong> ".paradis en définitive n. (AFP.)<br />

-----


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA<br />

STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZET;<br />

GENÈVE ~ CONCERT LE DAUPHINÉ LIBÉRÉ - 1ER DÉCEMBRE 1993<br />

Asie Mineure <strong>et</strong> Kurdistan<br />

Chants traditionnels kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>et</strong> anatoliens, salle Patino à Genève... la musique<br />

du cœur<br />

Appelons<br />

un saz... un saz <strong>et</strong> les<br />

musiciens, <strong>de</strong>s poètes. C'est en<br />

tout cas le premier compliment qui<br />

nous vient à l'esprit en suivant les<br />

arabesques <strong>de</strong> ce luth à manche long<br />

qu'est le saz, instrument roi <strong>de</strong>s<br />

bar<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> Turquie <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> Kurdistan.<br />

Les ateliers d'<strong>et</strong>hnomusicologie nous<br />

ont permis <strong>de</strong> le savourer à <strong>de</strong>ux<br />

reprises, au fil <strong>de</strong> traditions populaires<br />

l'autre soir, salle Patino à<br />

'Genève. Une première partie consacrée<br />

(le mot n'est pas trop fort) aux<br />

troubadours du plateau anatolien.<br />

Ozan FIrat (chant <strong>et</strong> saz), Mahmut<br />

Demir (kementché, cura, saz) font<br />

montre d'un grand professioMalisme<br />

qui ne dérange en rien l'atmosphère<br />

nostalgique du répertoire<br />

chanté. L'errance <strong>et</strong> l'amour sont<br />

dllSthèmes constants chez les AléYis<br />

<strong>de</strong> Turquie.<br />

La voix <strong>de</strong> l'interprète est admirablement<br />

placée avec <strong>de</strong>s étirements<br />

<strong>de</strong> circonRtance.<br />

Bel échange sonore avec le partenaire,<br />

maitre du kémentché.<br />

Superbe glissando <strong>de</strong> la vièle à pique<br />

au léger battu <strong>de</strong> doigts (on croirait<br />

entendre une flûte sahélieMe) faIsant<br />

vibrer les harmoniques avec<br />

volupté.<br />

Chant <strong>de</strong>s profon<strong>de</strong>urs.<br />

• Quand je suis sur la route, je ne me<br />

r<strong>et</strong>ourne pas, je vais tout droit. •<br />

Secon<strong>de</strong> partie du spectacle réservée<br />

aux Kur<strong>de</strong>s d'Iran.<br />

Charles Pasqua a été le premier à<br />

ouvrir les hostilités en annonçant en<br />

Conseil <strong>de</strong>s miÎÛstres la dissolution<br />

<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux associations kur<strong>de</strong>s, « le<br />

Comité du Kurdistan» <strong>et</strong> « Yekkom<br />

Kurdistan », la fédération <strong>de</strong>s<br />

associations culturelles <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs<br />

patriotes du Kurdistan en<br />

France. « Ces organisations, qui<br />

sont impliquées dans un certain<br />

nombre d'actes délictueux, expliquait<br />

Nicolas Sarkozy, le porte-parole<br />

du gouvernement, à la sortie du<br />

Conseil, étaient <strong>de</strong>s émanations du<br />

PKK. Il s'agit d'empêcher que <strong>de</strong><br />

telles organisations puissent agir sur<br />

notre territoire_ »<br />

c....... Il'...<br />

r, cIII... .... fleln<br />

LE QUOTIDIEN DE PARIS- 1 ER DÉCEMBRE 1993<br />

Kur<strong>de</strong>s : Pasqua maintient la pression<br />

PIL'IIe d'armes à distance, _ entre<br />

le lIIin&re <strong>de</strong> l'Int&ieur, ~<br />

Pa8qua, <strong>et</strong> les MOalts <strong>de</strong>s fUries<br />

du J'IŒ lIIis en examen poIW « ....<br />

dation <strong>de</strong> _l&öeurB en reIIdion<br />

avec une w(l<strong>et</strong>h& ta.... ~.<br />

De leur côté, les avocats <strong>de</strong>s<br />

Kur<strong>de</strong>s rongeaient leur frein en attendant<br />

que les journalistes viennent<br />

les voir à leur tour pour une<br />

conférence <strong>de</strong> presse prévue <strong>de</strong> longue<br />

date. Le moment venu, très<br />

remonté, maître Bourdon n'a pas<br />

mâché ses mots. « Il y a détournement<br />

<strong>de</strong> procédure, rageait-il, la<br />

rafle a eu lieu dans <strong>de</strong>s conditions<br />

indignes. Les journalistes étaient<br />

prévenus à l'avance, <strong>et</strong> il y a eu un<br />

battage publicitaire sur c<strong>et</strong>te opération<br />

avant, pendant <strong>et</strong> après.»<br />

« Elle répond d'ailleurs à une volonté<br />

claire <strong>de</strong> <strong>Paris</strong> <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> Bonn <strong>de</strong><br />

faire assaut <strong>de</strong> complaisance vis-àvis<br />

d'Ankara, poursuivait-il. Dans<br />

le dossier, il n'y a pas l'ombre d'une<br />

preuve qu'ils aient été mêlés au<br />

terrorisme »...<br />

Trois heures plus tard, <strong>de</strong> son<br />

ministère, place Beauvau. Charles<br />

Pasqua enfonce le clou, toujours<br />

sur la dissolution <strong>de</strong>s associations.<br />

« Ce sont les faça<strong>de</strong>s légales du<br />

Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du Kurdistan,<br />

explique-t-il encore, qui se livrent à<br />

,<strong>de</strong>s actions <strong>de</strong> caractère terroriste<br />

ou délictuel qu'il n'est pas possible<br />

<strong>de</strong> tolérer sur notre sol.» « Ces<br />

décisions, remarque-t-il cependant,<br />

en aucune façon ne sont dirigées<br />

contre le peuple kur<strong>de</strong> dont chacun<br />

sait les souffrances <strong>et</strong> les difficultés.<br />

»<br />

C<strong>et</strong>te <strong>de</strong>rnière remarque arrache<br />

iln sourire à William Bourdon. « Il<br />

~st temps qu'il le dise, ironise-t-il.<br />

\1ais après tout, c'est normal, le<br />

ministre <strong>de</strong>s Affaires étrangères allemand<br />

a dit la même chose il y a<br />

quarante-huit heures. Il s'aligne sur<br />

Bonn.»<br />

«La réalité du PKK, poursuit<br />

Charles Pasqua, c'est aussi une<br />

ShaalaAlam (longs cheveux, robe en Traditionnel mélancolique, habituel<br />

lamé, voix soft) <strong>et</strong> ses <strong>de</strong>ux accompa- dans c<strong>et</strong>te culture <strong>de</strong> feu perpétuelgnants<br />

(saz <strong>et</strong> ney) font le tour du lement blackboulée par le sort.<br />

répertoire populaire Kur<strong>de</strong> Iranien. Parfois la salle reprend le refrain.<br />

Chanson d'amour, chanson <strong>de</strong>s Une berceuse démarre comme un<br />

fleurs. alap <strong>de</strong> Bharata Natyam. Connotation<br />

mystique <strong>et</strong> plongée dans la vie<br />

sociale avec clin d' œil aux anciennes<br />

épopées <strong>de</strong> chevaliers sans pleurs<br />

<strong>et</strong>... sans reproches.<br />

J-P. BA_DE'EUF •<br />

pression constante accompagnée<br />

d'utilisations <strong>de</strong> moyens qui confi.<br />

nent à la terreur pour extorquer <strong>de</strong>s<br />

fonds à la communauté kur<strong>de</strong>.»<br />

«Il y a <strong>de</strong>s éléments, consent à<br />

reconnaître en écho maître Bourdon,<br />

qui attestent d'un réseau <strong>de</strong><br />

solidarité grâce à un système <strong>de</strong><br />

collecte. Mais les Kur<strong>de</strong>s mis en<br />

examen ne le sont pas pour rack<strong>et</strong><br />

... » Ce qui n'empêche pas le<br />

ministre <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur <strong>de</strong> dénoncer.<br />

« la création <strong>de</strong> véritables bases logistiques<br />

<strong>de</strong> soutien aux activités<br />

internationales du PKK qui se manifestent<br />

par l'organisation <strong>de</strong> mouvements<br />

d'immigration clan<strong>de</strong>stine,<br />

la confection <strong>de</strong> faux documents<br />

d'i<strong>de</strong>ntité ou <strong>de</strong>s enrôlements forcés<br />

dans <strong>de</strong>s actes <strong>de</strong> violence. »<br />

« On n'est pas obligé d'être d'accord<br />

avec l'idéologie <strong>et</strong> les métho<strong>de</strong>s<br />

du PKK, remarque à son tour<br />

William Bourdon, mais la cause<br />

kur<strong>de</strong> est une cause juste. » Ce que<br />

d'ailleurs personne, sauf les Turcs,<br />

~e conteste. Toct le problème est<br />

,finalement .<strong>de</strong> savoir si la cause<br />

justifie les moyens.<br />

Jean-Marie QUEMEN.<br />

11


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO<br />

DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

'------------------------------------------------'<br />

Turkish army reevaluates <strong>de</strong>fense industry projects<br />

10 SSM projects will be categorized according to their priority<br />

Turkish Daily News<br />

ANKARA- Turkey's Office of the Chief of<br />

Staff is to reevaluate 10 <strong>de</strong>fense industry proje~ts<br />

which have been launched by the Defense Mimstry,<br />

officials said on Wednesday..<br />

Sources, who askp.dnot to be named, told TDN<br />

that the Military will prioritize the projects according<br />

to the mo<strong>de</strong>rnization needs of the Turkish<br />

Armed Forces and available budg<strong>et</strong> funds. The<br />

projécts were initiated and have so far been managed<br />

by the Un<strong>de</strong>rsecr<strong>et</strong>ariat for the Defense Industry<br />

(SSM) of the Defense Ministry. Officials<br />

say the SS.M will again be, given respon,sibility<br />

fo~the proJe~t~,once the Mllttary has <strong>de</strong>CI<strong>de</strong>don<br />

a hst of pnontles.<br />

. The projects un<strong>de</strong>r reevaluation are as follows:<br />

Multi launcher rock<strong>et</strong> system (MLRS) pro-<br />

4Itt: 12 MLRS vehicles and theiuock<strong>et</strong>s were<br />

~urcbase,


REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RlVISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASlN ÖZETi<br />

Çiller says Britain to ban separatists<br />

Scotland Yard starts investigating PKK<br />

_ PKK asks Greece for political support during EU term presi<strong>de</strong>llcy _ French illterior mù,ister justifres clampdowll Oil PKK groups<br />

a crackdown in Gennany. "We had thé same prob- ment. The ban is against the French constl'tutl'on "<br />

TDN with wire dispatches Id' d " ,<br />

AN KARA- Prime Minister Tansu Çiller said ems,. an we carne out. an operatIOn agaInst Dere said.<br />

on Wednesday that Britain would soon impose a PKK supporters before Gennany did the same ... It<br />

ban on the outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Part" was ajoInt action by our police forces," Pasqua<br />

(PKK). J said. Gennany last Friday 6anned the PKK WhICh<br />

Speaking at the True Path Party (DYP) Gene. is fighting a separatist war for an in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt starai<br />

ExecutJ\'e Board (GIK) me<strong>et</strong>Ing, Çiller said te in southeastern Turkey, and the Cologne-based<br />

Kurdistan Committee.<br />

that following similar bans on the PKK by'Ger- Some of the Kurds un<strong>de</strong>r investigation in Franmany<br />

and France, other EUJopean countries wo- ce, 24 of whom were charged with terrorist consuld<br />

soon outlaw the PKK. piracy, had extorted money from Kurdish busines.<br />

Çiller disclosed that she had received a messa- ses in France, Pasqua said.<br />

ge from British Prime Minister John Major on Pasqua ad<strong>de</strong>d that France's move was not directhe<br />

issue, adding that the ban would be enforced ted against Kurdish people.<br />

in Britain in the near future. "We do not intend to emerge as si<strong>de</strong>s to the<br />

"Our shuttle diPlomacy will soon yield affir, conflicts b<strong>et</strong>ween Kurds and the governments of.<br />

mative results," (,:Jller said. the countries that they inhabit," he said.<br />

Meanwhile, in the wake of parallel action by Saying at least 60,000 Kurds lived in France<br />

France .and Gennany banning the ~~K, the or- and that the French felt sympath<strong>et</strong>ic towards<br />

ganizatlon has asked Greece for political support them, Pasqua disclosed that his governmentdid<br />

during its European Union tenn presi<strong>de</strong>ncy star- not intend to take action against Kurdish associatiting<br />

on Jan. I, 1994. ons that truly engaged in cultural activities. "Y<strong>et</strong><br />

An article by CemiI AsIan in the Greek dail) such sympathy must not blind us," he ad<strong>de</strong>d, "the<br />

Simera alleged Wednesday that all Greek politI- victims oI such terrorist activity are more often<br />

cal parties were agreed on extending political than not the Kurds themselves."<br />

support to the Kurdish cause. The interior minister said attempts to reorganize<br />

Asian, who i<strong>de</strong>ntified himself as an offici,al the two organizations would be punishable by prifrom<br />

the ERNK (the PKK's Popular Liberation son tenns ranging from six months to two years,<br />

Front) rerresentative office in Greece, qualified extradition, and the seizure of property.<br />

Gennany s ban and its subsequent <strong>de</strong>mand for ot- A similar statement was ma<strong>de</strong> on Wednesday<br />

her European Union members to follow suit as a by Gennan Interior Ministry Un<strong>de</strong>rsecr<strong>et</strong>ary Edunew<br />

inirrucal act targ<strong>et</strong>ing Kurdish people. ard Littner at a Bonn me<strong>et</strong>ing with visiting Turkish<br />

Parliament Deputy Speaker Mustafa Kalemli.<br />

Pasqua justifies PKK clampdown "Even if they dare reemerge un<strong>de</strong>r different na-<br />

FollOWIng France's ban on two Kurdish groups mes, we'll carryon our stru~gle against them,"<br />

named the Kurdistan Committee and the Fe<strong>de</strong>rati- Littner told Kalemli. Meanwhile, a spokesman for<br />

on of Kurdistan Cultural Associations and Patrio- the Kurdistan Committee, a mouthpiece for the<br />

tic Workers, French Interior Minister Charles Pas- PKK in France, <strong>de</strong>nied his group was a front for<br />

qua told a news me<strong>et</strong>ing Tuesday that they were the PKK.<br />

legal front organizations for the separatist PKK "We have no direct links with the PKK. The<br />

"which in France as in other European countries fact is that the PKK exists wherever there are Kurcarry<br />

out terrorist or criminal actIons which we dish people," Azad Dere said, "We simply tell pecannot<br />

tolerate on our territory." He.said the mo- ople abOut the repression that is going on in Turve,<br />

following the arrests earlier this month of 101 key-."<br />

Kurds in a nationwi<strong>de</strong> swoop. on suspected sup- 'The French government, like the Gennan goporters<br />

of the PKK, was impOsed in parallel with vernment, is trymg to ,please the Turkish go vern-<br />

London police probe alleged Turkish extortion<br />

In another <strong>de</strong>velopment, London police is reported<br />

to be .investigatin~ allegations of extortion<br />

and blackmaIl by the PKK and Dev-Sol (Revolutionary<br />

Left), an outlawed leftist organization with<br />

operationallink, to the PKK, Scotland Yard said<br />

on Tuesday.<br />

A special unit was s<strong>et</strong> up earlier this month to<br />

this effect after a spate of complaints from Londoners<br />

of Turkish or Kurdish origin that "terrorist"<br />

groups were blackmaili~g them, a spokesman sa-<br />

Id. Seven men of Turkish or Kurdish origin had<br />

been arrested and charged with offences related to<br />

alleged extortion or blackmail in the past two<br />

months, he said. He could give no <strong>de</strong>tails as the<br />

men were awaiting trial.<br />

. "I. can confinn that th~re is a special unit for<br />

victIms of alleged extortion and/or blackmail in<br />

Turkish and Kurdish communities," he said. The<br />

unit was op,erating in Stoke Newington, north<br />

London, which has a large Turkish community.<br />

P?Ii~e have s<strong>et</strong> up a .h?t line telephone number for<br />

victIms: BBC te!evlsl~n ~eported Tuesday night<br />

that police were InvestIgatIng up to 30 allegations<br />

of extortion in London's Turkisl1lKurdish community.<br />

.<br />

The PKK and Dev-Sol have been linked to recent<br />

bombings in London of Turkish targ<strong>et</strong>s including<br />

banks and airline offices.<br />

'<br />

Belgian 'Le Soir'<br />

In an analysis of France's ban on the PKK-linked<br />

organization, the Belgian daily Le Soir said<br />

Kurds s<strong>et</strong>tled in France were themselves responsible<br />

for what has happened.<br />

"Kurdish-origin terrorists in Europe paved the<br />

way for what was <strong>de</strong>stined to happen, by attacking<br />

Turkish interests throughout Europe," it said.<br />

The paper ad<strong>de</strong>d that representatives of the Belgium-based<br />

Kurdistan Committee had come to accept<br />

that acts of violence directed towards Turkish<br />

representative offices were the result of a mistaken<br />

policy.<br />

Ankara <strong>de</strong>nies bor<strong>de</strong>r tra<strong>de</strong> with Iraq to be revived soon<br />

Turkish Daily News<br />

ANKARA- Ankara on Wednesday <strong>de</strong>nied press<br />

reports claiming it was about to revive lucrative<br />

bor<strong>de</strong>r tra<strong>de</strong> b<strong>et</strong>ween Turkey and northern Iraq.<br />

Turkish Foreign Ministry Spokesman Ferhat<br />

Ataman said dunng the ministry's weekly press<br />

bri~fing that no <strong>de</strong>cision had been ma<strong>de</strong> regarding<br />

the resumption of cheap Iraqi oil imports by<br />

Turkish trucks.<br />

Iraq has agreed to abi<strong>de</strong> by U.N. Security Council<br />

Resolution 715 on the long-tenn control of<br />

weapons of mass <strong>de</strong>struction, Ataman explained,<br />

which has opened up discussions regardIng the<br />

possibility of Iraq resuming<br />

"However, this <strong>de</strong>pends<br />

its oil exports.<br />

entirely on Iraq's<br />

compliqnce with Resolution 715. U.N. officials<br />

have to see the extent to which Iraq does comply<br />

with the resolution," Ataman said, adding that<br />

this could take as long as six months.<br />

Ataman ad<strong>de</strong>d meanwhile, that compliance<br />

with Resolution 715 did not mean that the entire<br />

embargo on Iraq would be lifted.<br />

"ThiS <strong>de</strong>pends<br />

Iraqi recognition<br />

on 'other prerequisites<br />

of the Kuwaiti bor<strong>de</strong>r,<br />

such as<br />

and the<br />

r<strong>et</strong>urn of Kuwaiti war prisoners," the spokesman<br />

said.<br />

Turkish aid to northern Iraq<br />

Meanwhile, Ataman said on Nov. 10, total Turkish<br />

aid to norlhern Iraq slood at 5,181 tons, of<br />

which 1,587 tons have already been distributed.<br />

He said that 2,386 tons of food aid had been<br />

sent to the town of Erbil, of which 597 tons have<br />

been distributed to some 64,000 people, while<br />

1,906 tons of aid have left for Süleymani)'e. Of<br />

this, 658 tons have been distributed to some<br />

89,000 people.<br />

Meanwhile, 41,000 people in the region of 00-<br />

huk have received 339 tons of the 888 tons earmarked<br />

for the region.<br />

Aid to Azerbaijan<br />

Turkey has continued sending aid to the two refugee<br />

camps in Azerbaijan, Ataman said. A third<br />

consignment of goods IS to leave for the region<br />

today. .<br />

Turkish aid to the camps inclu<strong>de</strong>s 20,000 blank<strong>et</strong>s,<br />

2,300 tenls, 3,500 water tankers, 200 water<br />

purifiers and unspecified quantities of clothing<br />

and medicine.<br />

13


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

=~Ie immlll1an gizIi protokolü 8ÇIkllyoruz_.:<br />

Tarihi uzlasma<br />

Historic agreement<br />

with Syria<br />

HÜRRIYET said that a secr<strong>et</strong> protocol was signed<br />

b<strong>et</strong>WeenTurkey and Syria in Ankara on Nov.20. With<br />

this historic agreement, Syria admitted for the first<br />

time that the PKK (outlawed Kurdistan Workers'<br />

Party) is a terrorist organization. The protocol was<br />

signed by Turkish Security Director General Mehm<strong>et</strong><br />

AQar and Syrian Interior Minister Gen .. Sadr AI<br />

Hassan, who heads the country's secr<strong>et</strong> services. If it<br />

g<strong>et</strong>s implemented, Syria will not harbor the PKK on<br />

its soil anymore and r<strong>et</strong>urn PKK lea<strong>de</strong>r ,Abdullah<br />

"Apo. Öcalan to Turkey immediately if he is caught.<br />

Saddam's message to Ciller<br />

CUMHURIYET said that Iraqi lea<strong>de</strong>r ~addam<br />

Hussein has assured Prime Minister Tansu Çiller that<br />

the Iraqi government forces would not attack the<br />

Kurdish population in the northern part of the country<br />

if the Turkey-based Poised Hammer Force (offi~ially<br />

known as Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort) leàve~jSaddam's:me%<br />

sage is in the vein of: "ThEi.j{iiJ(uk-Yufnurtalik p,iR8line<br />

(closed since the Gulf War) must be reopened. The<br />

Poised Hammer force, which contributes to the<br />

establishment of a Kurdish state in northern Iraq,<br />

must go. Iraq has fulfilled most of the conditions put<br />

forth to have the United Nations embargo lifted. The<br />

embargo is damaging Turkey too. L<strong>et</strong> us start bilateral<br />

talks. A Kurdish state to be established in northern<br />

Iraq would be a threat to the national security of both<br />

Turkey and Iraq. l<strong>et</strong> us conclu<strong>de</strong> an agreement and<br />

move to.g<strong>et</strong>heron this issue."<br />

A.F.P. - Agence France Presse - A.F.P. - Agence France Presse - A.F.P. - Agence France Presse - A.F.P. - Agence France Press<br />

FRAOil1 4 I 0203 BEL IAFP-PWI5<br />

Allf:~ltlagne--h' ~r'<strong>de</strong>s<br />

La police 'obtient l'évacuation sans violence d'un centre culturel kur<strong>de</strong><br />

HAMBOURG (Allemagne), 3 déc (AFP) - Une soixantaine <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s qui<br />

occupaient <strong>de</strong>puis jeudi soir un c~ntre cul~urel kur<strong>de</strong> à Hambourg malgré une<br />

interdiction policière ont accepté d'évacuer les lieux dans la nuit, è l'issue<br />

d'une longue négociation, a-t-on appris vendredi <strong>de</strong> source policière.<br />

Des représentants du SPD (Parti social-démocrate), <strong>de</strong>s Verts <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />

l'église ont participé à la négociation aux c6tés <strong>de</strong>s policiers, précise-t-on<br />

<strong>de</strong> méme SCIU r ce.<br />

Jeudi soir, <strong>de</strong>s affrontem.nts entre militants kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>et</strong> policiers avaient<br />

suivi une manifestation pro-kur<strong>de</strong> qui avait rassemblé dans le calme environ<br />

2.000 personnes. A l'issue <strong>de</strong> ce~ échauffourées, environ 70 personnes ont été<br />

interpellées, tandis que 62 manifestants parvenaient à occuper le centre<br />

cul tw'el,.<br />

De nombreux centres culturels kur<strong>de</strong>s ont été occupés <strong>de</strong>puis près d'une<br />

semaine, pour protester contre l'interdiction en Allemagne du Parti <strong>de</strong>s<br />

travailleurs du Kurdistan (PKKk, séparatiste). C<strong>et</strong>te mesure a été prise par<br />

les autorités alleman<strong>de</strong>s à la suite <strong>de</strong> la multiplication <strong>de</strong>s violences <strong>de</strong><br />

Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> Turquie sur le territoire allemand.<br />

mlm/vdr/br'<br />

AFP 030759 DEC 93<br />

14


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA<br />

STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZET;<br />

2<br />

Turkish Probe December 2, 1993<br />

Western Europe Moves<br />

on Militant Kurds<br />

Murat Y<strong>et</strong>kin<br />

Ina long-awaited move by Ankara, the German<br />

government outlawed the Kurdistan Workers'<br />

Party (PKK) on Nov. 25 in Germany and<br />

banned legal institutions in that country which have<br />

been affiliated to that organization.<br />

The institutions which were <strong>de</strong>clared illegal by<br />

German Interior Minister Manfred Kanther were 35<br />

associations and companies across Germany, including<br />

the National Liberation Front of Kurdistan<br />

(ERNK), the Kurdistan Committee, a Kurdish cultural<br />

and political fe<strong>de</strong>ration and the radical Kurdish<br />

news agency Kurd-Ha. The <strong>de</strong>cision came after a<br />

two-day me<strong>et</strong>ing of the interior ministers of the 16<br />

states in Germany.<br />

Ankara was actually tipped off in advance about<br />

German Foreign Minister Klaus Kinkel's <strong>de</strong>cision.<br />

On Nov. 24, Kinkel called Turkish Foreign Minister<br />

Hikm<strong>et</strong> Ç<strong>et</strong>in and said the ban would be enforced<br />

the next day. He proposed that since the British<br />

Foreign Minister Douglas Hurd was visiting Germany,<br />

they could hold a tripartite me<strong>et</strong>ing with Turkey<br />

on a broad range of matters, including security. The<br />

next morning he called Ç<strong>et</strong>in again and said that<br />

from 6 a.m. German police had started to implement<br />

the ban.<br />

Well over 100 measures are being adopted<br />

throughout the regional states to seize the ass<strong>et</strong>s of<br />

the banned organizations, including searches of<br />

clubs, businesses and homes and the seizure of<br />

the contents of post office boxes and bank accounts,<br />

as Interior Minister Kanther said in a statement<br />

after the <strong>de</strong>cision's announcement.<br />

"The PKK has been banned because it uses violence<br />

as a means to reach its goals," he said. "Foreign<br />

extremism must be fought with <strong>de</strong>termination.<br />

Germany must not become a battlefield for foreign<br />

terrorists."<br />

The PKK actions which forced Kinkel to use the<br />

expression "the glass is full and overflowing" were a<br />

series of attacks by the Kurdish militants against<br />

Turkish consulate buildings and companies in Europe,<br />

and in Germany earlier in November. One<br />

<strong>de</strong>monstration caused the <strong>de</strong>ath of a Turk.<br />

When these events were ad<strong>de</strong>d to the usual<br />

claims of extortion, money laun<strong>de</strong>ring and even<br />

drug trafficking by the PKK, it was in the German<br />

interest to ban the PKK as well.<br />

France had taken harsh measures a week before<br />

against the PKK militants in four of its cities and<br />

opened court cases against 21 militants, accusing<br />

of them involvement in activities on behalf of a "terrorist<br />

organization," meaning the PKK. France renewed<br />

its clampdown on the PKK on Nov. 30, and<br />

banned two more Kurdish associations, accusing<br />

them of "illegai" activities in connection with the<br />

PKK. French Interior Minister Charles Pasqua's<br />

words on the move were much the same as those<br />

of Kanther. France was not going to allow itself to<br />

be turned into a battleground for radical groups.<br />

With 400,000 Turkish citizens within its bor<strong>de</strong>rs,<br />

more than 50,000 of them of Kurdish origin, France<br />

has been one of the main bases of the PKK in Europe.<br />

But Germany, with 1.8 million Turkish citizens,<br />

more than 400,000 of them being of Kurdish origin,<br />

has been the core of the PKK's n<strong>et</strong>work in Europe<br />

and a major source of finance and recruits for its<br />

nine-year-old armed campaign against Turkey for<br />

an in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt Kurdish state. More than 11,000<br />

people have been killed in that campaign so far in<br />

east and southeast Turkey. Turkey has been telling<br />

Germany and other allies in NATO that the PKK<br />

aims to carve out a portion of its territory, the integrity<br />

of which has been guaranteed by the Western<br />

alliance. The response used to be quite discouraging<br />

for Ankara. In 1991-92 Germany suspen<strong>de</strong>d its<br />

military assistance to Turkey, saying that some of it<br />

was being used to suppress the Kurdish insurgency,<br />

not to protect bor<strong>de</strong>rs.<br />

To be frank, that attitu<strong>de</strong> changed when Germany's<br />

former Foreign Minister Hans Di<strong>et</strong>rich Genscher<br />

resigned from his post in May 1992 and was<br />

replaced by Kinkel.<br />

This change in attitu<strong>de</strong> can be summarized in<br />

general terms as allowing Turkey to g<strong>et</strong> closer and<br />

treating it as a member of the (European) family, instead<br />

of pushing it away and antagonizing its public<br />

and government.<br />

If Europe needs a strong and united Turkey as a<br />

buffer zone b<strong>et</strong>ween itself and a region of territorial<br />

disputes, political instabilities, autocratic regimes<br />

and radicalism of every kind, it should help Turkey<br />

to solve its major problems.<br />

Confirming the rationale behind that policy, the<br />

Turkish people, media and the government warmly<br />

welcomed the move by Germany in outlawing the<br />

PKK.<br />

Many people knew that Bonn's blow to the organization<br />

would not have a significant impact on the<br />

5,OOO-strongn<strong>et</strong>work of militants in the country in<br />

practical terms. Working professionally, they have<br />

already transferred a major part of their bank accounts<br />

to individuals, and secured their computer<br />

records and top-secr<strong>et</strong> documents, though perhaps<br />

15


REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RNISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />

Turkish Probe December 2, 1993 3<br />

they did not expect such a large-scale operation.<br />

The real blow to the PKK was the show of politi- .<br />

cal will by two major Western European countries<br />

against them.<br />

Similar actions are now expected by both Ankara<br />

and by Bonn and <strong>Paris</strong> from other European capitals.<br />

We can inclu<strong>de</strong> London to that list. The British<br />

government has not outlawed the PKK y<strong>et</strong>, but British<br />

officials said that Scotland Yard is preparing a<br />

special plan to prohibit the "illegal" activities of its<br />

affiliated organizations.<br />

A security-summit of the interior and justice ministers<br />

of the 12 European Union countries has served<br />

as a very good example of the pressure which has<br />

started to be put on those countries not taking a<br />

strong stand against the extensions of the armed<br />

dissi<strong>de</strong>nt groups, and those who think that the best<br />

way to prevent their attacks is to be on good<br />

terms with them. (Despite the fact that Europe<br />

has seen the result of this attitu<strong>de</strong> in<br />

France. Because of the Armenian community<br />

there, French authorities turned a blind eye<br />

toward the armed activities of the illegal<br />

group ASALA against Turkish targ<strong>et</strong>s from<br />

the mid-1970s onwards, until the groups's<br />

bombs started to claim the lives of French<br />

people in mid-1980s.)<br />

Belgium, for example, was strongly criticized<br />

by Spain for sheltering two militants of<br />

the secessionist Basque organization ETA. It<br />

was again Belgium which was reluctant to<br />

outlaw the PKK, saying that PKK activity in<br />

that country had not reached the level seen in<br />

Germany.<br />

The headquarters of the ERNK, whose<br />

branch in Germany was banned, was in Brussels,<br />

and its spokesman Kani Yilmaz had<br />

threatened European -- including Belgian -~<br />

tourists that it may cost them their lives if they<br />

travelled to Turkey next summer, in a Brussels<br />

press conference a day before the summit.<br />

Greece's attitu<strong>de</strong> was the most typical and<br />

exemplary. German Interior Minister Kanther<br />

revealed after the summif that it was only<br />

Greece which had opposed including the<br />

PKK on the EU's list of "terrorist organizations."<br />

Perhaps Turkey's allies in Athens plan<br />

to use this double edged sword as their latést<br />

weapon to weaken Turkey.<br />

West European capitals started to give a<br />

message to T.urkey by ~aking strong measures<br />

against the PKK, hints of which were<br />

contained in the statement by Kinkel after<br />

Borm's <strong>de</strong>cision to outlaw the PKK. He said<br />

the German move on the PKK did not mean<br />

that Germany was no longer interested in the<br />

state of human rights of people of Kurdish origin<br />

in Turkey.<br />

Listening to the words of Ankara, European<br />

capitals started to discriminate b<strong>et</strong>ween the<br />

PKK, that means political violence, and the Kurdish<br />

problem.<br />

Nowtheir message to Ankara is: we'll help you in<br />

solving the PKK problem.<br />

And you have to try means other than military<br />

ones to solve the Kurdish problem. This seems essential<br />

for Europe's security and stability as well, if<br />

it is consi<strong>de</strong>red that the commercial bor<strong>de</strong>rs of Europe<br />

will inclu<strong>de</strong> southeastern bor<strong>de</strong>rs of Turkey<br />

when the country adopts the customs union with<br />

the EU in 1995.<br />

The cost or perhaps the gift to Turkey of the European<br />

contribution to solving the PKK problem<br />

seems to be convincing Ankara of the need for a<br />

political solution to the Kurdish problem, which will<br />

possibly be a key factor in Turkey's political integration<br />

with the EU.•<br />

PROTESTING THE BAN- The German government's <strong>de</strong>cision to outlaw<br />

the PKK outraged Kurdish militants who occupied the banned associations,<br />

displayed their flag and shouted chants con<strong>de</strong>mning the<br />

move. A PKK spokesman in Cologne <strong>de</strong>nounced the <strong>de</strong>cision as a<br />

"grave political mistake" and threatened German interests. because<br />

of their backing of Turkey. The photo shows a Kurdish militant shouting<br />

slogans nextto a PKK flag. Reul« Wirephl'Ill<br />

16


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

4 Turkish Probe December 2, 1993<br />

Special Dossier:<br />

Operation North Iraq, Once Again ...<br />

Ism<strong>et</strong> G.lms<strong>et</strong><br />

s European countries one after another cracked<br />

down on the PKK, Turkey launched a new crossbor<strong>de</strong>r<br />

operation into northern Iraq reportedly<br />

A<br />

to<br />

<strong>de</strong>stroy camps used by this organization for military attacks.<br />

Prime Minister Tansu Çiller on Tuesday gave information<br />

of the attack in an uncommon way, in a speech to her<br />

True Path Party (DYP) parliamentary group, and not to the<br />

public. Somewhat overjoyed by her over-promoted role in<br />

the Euro-crackdown, Çiller entered the group me<strong>et</strong>ing<br />

where the Iraqi operation<br />

was her new trump card. According<br />

to her, Turkish planes had swooped down on nine separatist<br />

bases in northern Iraq and in 16 sorties had <strong>de</strong>stroyed<br />

them.<br />

Both her report to the group and a press statement issued<br />

later in the day by the prime ministry stressed that<br />

helicopters had been used for surveillance purposes and<br />

absolutely no damage was inflicted on civilians.<br />

The written statement said the Nov.29 air raid was conducted<br />

in an area of 400 square kilom<strong>et</strong>ers running 40 kilom<strong>et</strong>ers<br />

wi<strong>de</strong> and 10 kilom<strong>et</strong>ers insi<strong>de</strong> Iraqi territory. "The<br />

closest civilian was four kilom<strong>et</strong>ers from the targ<strong>et</strong>s," it<br />

read.<br />

On the Kurdish si<strong>de</strong> of the bor<strong>de</strong>r, however, the argument<br />

was different.<br />

In a written statement, Masoud Barzani's Kurdistan<br />

Democratic Party (KDP) claimed on Tuesday that the<br />

planes had actually hit two villages in chairman Barzani's<br />

hom<strong>et</strong>own of Barzan and that three people were killed.<br />

There was also the claim that six children had been injured.<br />

Despite this allegation and a strongly wor<strong>de</strong>d con<strong>de</strong>mnation<br />

of "indiscriminate Turkish attacks on Kurdish villages,"<br />

there was no outcry or great fuss over the inci<strong>de</strong>nt.<br />

The attack had taken place a day before a crucial me<strong>et</strong>ing<br />

in which the Turks and Kurds were laying down plans on<br />

how to <strong>de</strong>al with the PKK in the future.<br />

The Kurds say Turkey is seeking every opportunity now<br />

to blame them for the activities of the PKK whereas this organization<br />

is already out of the bor<strong>de</strong>r region.<br />

Until October 1992, when Turkish troops moved into<br />

northern Iraq to assist an Iraqi Kurdish crackdown on the<br />

PKK, this separatist movement had about a dozen camps<br />

on the Iraqi si<strong>de</strong> of the bor<strong>de</strong>r which it used both for training<br />

and cross-bor<strong>de</strong>r attacks on Turkey.<br />

The situation today, though, is very much different.<br />

Why Zaleh?: In<strong>de</strong>ed, only about a year ago the much<br />

publicized operation launched against the PKK in Kurdishcontrolled<br />

north Iraq aimed at cleansing the region from<br />

terrorists, en<strong>de</strong>d with an official statement that around<br />

4,000 militants had been ma<strong>de</strong> "ineffective." Turkey argued<br />

then that hundreds had been killed. The Iraqi Kurds said<br />

later that the <strong>de</strong>ath toll was lower than 200 but about 2,000<br />

PKK fighters<br />

had surren<strong>de</strong>red.<br />

It was then that Turkish gendarmerie officials reportedly<br />

asked Iraqi Kurdish lea<strong>de</strong>rs to secr<strong>et</strong>ly give them the surren<strong>de</strong>red<br />

militants. But the request was turned down on<br />

the grounds that there were too many innocent people<br />

among the PKK, including women and children, who had<br />

fled to the mountains. In the words of one senior Kurdish<br />

official, "Kurds could not just kill Kurds who were running<br />

away from <strong>de</strong>ath."<br />

Thus, <strong>de</strong>spite protests from Ankara, and even from within<br />

the Iraqi Kurdish movement, Patriotic Union of Kurdistan<br />

(PUK) lea<strong>de</strong>r Jaral Talabani arranged for the militants to be<br />

moved southward, where they could not conduct any attacks<br />

on Turkey. Last week, Turkish Probe travelled to the<br />

r.egion and asked both Barzani and Talabani the reasons<br />

for this <strong>de</strong>cision. Also, along with two other Turkish joumalists,<br />

this reporter attempted to enter the Zaleh camp --<br />

where the PKK was res<strong>et</strong>tled.<br />

As far as the Kurdish government was concemed, their<br />

agreement with the PKK last year was for all fighters of this<br />

organization to surren<strong>de</strong>r. In r<strong>et</strong>um, they were res<strong>et</strong>tled on<br />

condition that they also surren<strong>de</strong>r their weapons, never<br />

again conduct attacks on Turkey over Iraq, and turn to political<br />

activities only in Kurdish territory.<br />

According to Barzani, though, even this was a great mistake.<br />

As great as choosing Zaleh to shelter the militants.<br />

For, whatever plans the Kurds had ma<strong>de</strong>, the PKK had its<br />

own plans which it put into practice.<br />

"They never did respect the agreement and violated it<br />

from the first day," Barzani says now, overtly sorry that he<br />

ever trusted the PKK. "They are not worth being trusted."<br />

In his own words, the choice of Zaleh was also very wrong<br />

because it gave the PKK the opportunity to move into Turkey<br />

-- even if not over Iraq -- and create new problems for<br />

the Iraqi Kurds.<br />

Zaleh, an area immediatelyon Iraq's bor<strong>de</strong>r with Iran, is<br />

about 250 kilom<strong>et</strong>ers from the Turkish bor<strong>de</strong>r and in a very<br />

rugged mountainous territory. But it is a main crossing<br />

point b<strong>et</strong>ween the two countries which has, since last year,<br />

given the PKK a natural corridor into Turkey. From here,<br />

most of the militants controlled by Osman (Ferhat) Ocalan,<br />

have crossed into Iran. From Iran, they have either gone<br />

upwards to Armenia, where the PKK now has training<br />

camps, or back into Turkey. Talabani insists that there are<br />

still some 1,000 militants in the camp and that in practice it<br />

is un<strong>de</strong>r If'aqi Kurdish control. He also says he does not<br />

know how the PKK got weapons, if any, since"they were<br />

disarmed.<br />

In reality, the PKK was never disarmed. After surren<strong>de</strong>ring,<br />

they were packed up in special buses, taken to Irbil<br />

------------------------------;1-:;-7


Turkish Probe December 2, 1993<br />

5<br />

where they were placed into a special guest hotel run by<br />

the PUK, and then transferred to the bor<strong>de</strong>r.<br />

Also, contrary to what Talabani says, what can be ob-,<br />

served is thatthe Iraqi Kurds are not in compl<strong>et</strong>e control in<br />

Zaleh. For months over, using this new corridor crossing<br />

from Iranian territory, the PKK has infiltrated into Turkey<br />

and the Kurdish lea<strong>de</strong>rs are now having trouble in explaining<br />

why it came to this.<br />

Barzani says it was a mistake, since after going to Zaleh<br />

the PKK got open Iranian backing and "there is no way to<br />

control it.'<br />

When asked why the Iraqi Kurds did not just g<strong>et</strong> rid of<br />

the PKK problem from the very beginning, or why this organization<br />

was not compl<strong>et</strong>ely <strong>de</strong>stroyed, Talabani's answer<br />

is more complicated:<br />

'We could not <strong>de</strong>stroy them," he says. 'When they were<br />

in Hakurk (the area wh.~r<strong>et</strong>he bor<strong>de</strong>rs of Iran, Turkey and<br />

Iraq me<strong>et</strong>) they had lninian support. Iran gives them arms<br />

andammunition.<br />

They were able to go there and r<strong>et</strong>urn. If we had tried to<br />

<strong>de</strong>stroy the PKK, it could have fought with us for years and<br />

years. A second reason is thatthe Kurdish public opinion<br />

does not accept fighting the Kurds. The PKK enjoys strong<br />

màss support and is a big organization. The third reason is<br />

thatthe PKK was able to block the road from Diyarbakir to<br />

Iraqi Kurdistan, to cut ail links b<strong>et</strong>ween Iraqi Kurdistan and<br />

Turkey.' To be more clear, the PKK had literally frightened<br />

the Iraqi Kurds.<br />

PKK in Iraq: As 'Barzani explains, the PKK's existence in<br />

northern Iraq started immediately after the 1990 Iraqi campaign<br />

againstthe Kurds. Once the area was evacuated by<br />

hundreds of thousands of civilians frightened by Baghdad's<br />

advancing forces, the PKK moved in.<br />

In this period, Turkish Probe has documentation showing<br />

close contact b<strong>et</strong>ween the Iraqi intelligence, Mohabarat,<br />

and the PKK. During the war with Kuwait, the PKK was<br />

also collecting intelligence on Turkish and U.S. military activities<br />

for the Saddam regime.<br />

After 1991, though, the Iraqi Kurds started to res<strong>et</strong>tle<br />

and this led to a repopulation of the bor<strong>de</strong>r region. This<br />

disturbed the PKK, which tried to resist and maintain its<br />

control in certain areas, and <strong>de</strong>velopments; as well as<br />

escalated tension with the Kurds, led to the 1992 operation.<br />

.<br />

Both Barzani and Talabani now argue that there is no<br />

serious PKK presence in the bor<strong>de</strong>r zone, but for small<br />

groups of 20 to 60 fighters which use mainly the snow-covered<br />

paths to reach Turkey. On Nov.15, the Kurds<br />

launched another operation but en<strong>de</strong>d up without finding<br />

anything. A film they took shows two Turkish officers also<br />

saying the PKK is nowhere to be seen. The only serious<br />

presence of the PKK, in the sense of having an established<br />

base, is in Zaleh.<br />

There, the militants are in control and have literally <strong>de</strong>.<br />

clared the area a military zone. Even the PUK enters this<br />

bor<strong>de</strong>r crossing point with permission from the PKK, which<br />

is armed, training and insistent. It is refusing to move. And,<br />

the Iraqi Kurds are now well aware that if nothing can be<br />

done aboutthis organization, they may have to sl:lffer<strong>de</strong>arly<br />

for their lifeline, Turkey, is g<strong>et</strong>ting more and more impatient.<br />

Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort: Obviously a cf!lcial link in the whole<br />

issue is the multinationaltask force based in Incirlik, Turkey,<br />

to protectthe Kurds, and many regional officials believe<br />

that if part of Turkey's concern over the PKK presence<br />

in Iraq is sincere, ano\her part is exaggerating it for<br />

political purposes. Talabani argues that Prime Minister<br />

Tansu Çiller and other politicians may be using the issue<br />

for domestic political consumption -- turning atlention<br />

abroad at a time Turkey's own campaign on terrorism is<br />

yielding little results.<br />

But both I ea<strong>de</strong>rs believe, observing the <strong>de</strong>bate in<br />

Turkey, and claims that Operation Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort is also<br />

supporting the PKK, that the coalition forces should<br />

not be used .as a instrument of blackmail against the<br />

Kurds.<br />

'What I really <strong>de</strong>ny is the blackmailing of Kurds using<br />

this Incirlik base as a tool, as a strict over our heads' Talabani<br />

says. Barzani believes the extension of the mandate<br />

of the multinational task forces is crucial for the Iraqi<br />

Kurds. Talabani also carefully recalls whatthe late Presi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />

Turgut Özal had said. 'Thatthere are other ways for<br />

the allied forces to protectthe Kurdish people, and that if<br />

Turkey failed to participate it would lose its influence over<br />

this force as well as its participation in <strong>de</strong>aling with events<br />

in northern Iraq.'<br />

He thus conclu<strong>de</strong>s that whatever the <strong>de</strong>bate, it is in the<br />

interest of the Turkish governmentto extend the mandate<br />

for Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort.<br />

Talabani also implies thatthe recent attention focusing<br />

on PKK activities in northern Iraq may be part of the plot<br />

againstthese forces -- noting that for ten months there was<br />

not a single attack over Iraq on Turkey, but sud<strong>de</strong>nly when<br />

the mandate issue came on Turkey's agenda, the PKK issue<br />

surfaced attt)e same time.<br />

As for Barzani, he strongly argues against claims that<br />

"the multinational task forces dubbed 'Hammer Force' by<br />

the Turkish public, has led to a vacuum of authority in the<br />

region, and that this vacuum is serving the PKK. 'Such<br />

claims are lies," he says, recalling that Turkish officers are<br />

continuously observing the activities of this force and that<br />

nothing could be done without Turkey knowing it.<br />

But it is clear that whatever altitu<strong>de</strong> they take, both are<br />

worried thatthe PKK issue could affect the future of this<br />

force as well as future aid to be given to Iraqi Kurdistan.<br />

More Problems: About 3.5 million people in northern<br />

Iraq are now preparing to me<strong>et</strong> a harsh winter un<strong>de</strong>r the<br />

protection of the multinationaltask force, and already with<br />

enough on their minds without having to think of the PKK.<br />

Despite Saddam's self-styled embargo on the, north and<br />

the United Nations Security Council sanctions on the<br />

whole of the country, there is serious reconstruction activity<br />

in the Kurdish controlled areas.<br />

Following the money crisis this year, with Saddam's<br />

withdrawal of 25 dinar notes from the markel. economic<br />

problems have doubled. Inflation on principle foodstuffs<br />

alone is enough to make the masses worry.<br />

Still, this region, which has suffered much from war, is<br />

now pulling itself tog<strong>et</strong>her step by step. And, within this<br />

resurrection, there is a great amount of Turkish influence<br />

which Ankara could turn to its advantage in the near future.<br />

Kurdish television stations are "continuously showing Turkish<br />

films and news programs, radios are casting Turkish<br />

music, the stre<strong>et</strong>s are full of Turkish casseltes, and the cinemas<br />

are screening Turkish movies (even if they are soft<br />

porn movies) Il is as if the whole region is in hunger for<br />

Turkish culture, and this alone stands asproof that the<br />

Kurds are not natural enemies of the Turks, as some racist<br />

circles have recently started to argue ..They are natural<br />

friends.<br />

Moreover, Turkey is the life line of this region. From its<br />

o<br />

18


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE lA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZET;<br />

6<br />

Turkish Probe December 2, 1993<br />

economy to electricity, television to daily foodstuffs, Iraqi<br />

Kurdistan <strong>de</strong>pends more and more on Turkey, and the<br />

Kurdish lea<strong>de</strong>rs are therefore worried about what is going<br />

on in Ankara. They have too many internal problems but<br />

are aware that as long as Turkey cannot solve her own<br />

problems, they are bound to share the Turkish bur<strong>de</strong>n as<br />

well.<br />

Thus, it can also be observed that both Talabani and<br />

Barzani express their concerns openly now, even to the<br />

extent of criticising Turkish policy which, they say, is leading<br />

to a growing regional crisis by strengthening the PKK.<br />

Turlcish Policy: In or<strong>de</strong>r to improve their own ailing economy<br />

and to survive, if need be, without Baghdad, the Iraqi<br />

Kurds need Turkey but a Turkey which will not bring them<br />

further problems.<br />

Thus, <strong>de</strong>spite their <strong>et</strong>hnic sympathies for the Turkish-<br />

Kurdish people, and even their "un<strong>de</strong>rstanding" of the position<br />

of the PKK, they are against this organization. Both<br />

the PUK and KDP accept that its terrorist m<strong>et</strong>hods cannot<br />

be approved of. What angers their lea<strong>de</strong>rs is that the PKK<br />

has come to a level which it does not <strong>de</strong>serve to be at.<br />

Talabani says without any reservation that he con<strong>de</strong>mns<br />

terrorism in all forms and cannot accept any activity directed<br />

at innocent civilians. "Everyone knows that we have always<br />

criticized the killing of women and children in the villages,<br />

the burning of villages, the <strong>de</strong>stroying of villages<br />

and houses," he says.<br />

According to this lea<strong>de</strong>r, "the PKK is claiming to be a<br />

Marxist-Leninist organization, but in fact it is a nationalist<br />

organization ... not well experienced. Most of their lea<strong>de</strong>rs<br />

are immature, and some of them are extremists"<br />

As for Barzani, his criticism of the PKK appears to be<br />

stronger. "Our party and our government are totally<br />

against PKK terrorism," he says, noting also that this organization<br />

has extensive support from Baghdad, Iran, Syria<br />

and Armenia. Despite their differences in criticising the<br />

PKK, though, both lea<strong>de</strong>rs agree that Turkey can only<br />

solve its problem with the Kurds through peaceful dialogue<br />

with legitimate representatives -- which can only be<br />

achieved by allowing political alternatives to the PKK on<br />

the legal platform.<br />

Talabani here, is strong in his criticism. According to<br />

him, "the Turkish hard-liners are the best friends of the<br />

Kurdish hard-liners: .. They are helping each other very<br />

much; they are exchanging assistance by encouraging<br />

people to go to either si<strong>de</strong>. Turkish hard-liners are always<br />

strengthening the PKK. Look at the PKK and you will see it<br />

is stronger than last year. This is because of the acts of the<br />

Turkish hard-liners." "The best solution is to give rights<br />

through peaceful and <strong>de</strong>mocratic means. To try to end it<br />

with military m<strong>et</strong>hods is not a solution. Just the opposite --<br />

it helps the PKK. But to seek a solution through peace and<br />

<strong>de</strong>mocracy along with military measures is also good," is<br />

what Barzani says.<br />

Their mutual belief is that the main reason behind the<br />

strengthening of the PKK, is the lack of a political or<br />

peaceful solution to the problems of the Kurds in Turkey.<br />

"And the PKK is using this, using the nationalist feelings of<br />

Kurds to show that it is the <strong>de</strong>fen<strong>de</strong>r and protector of .Kurdish<br />

rights and <strong>de</strong>mands," Talabani conclu<strong>de</strong>s.<br />

Neither believe in claims from senior officials in Ankara<br />

that the PKK problem can be overcome this year or the<br />

next with the current policies, and both reflect their peoples'<br />

criticism as well, of hardline policies which are inflicting<br />

harm on Kurdish civilians in the Southeast.<br />

Barzani's remark that "the Kurds cannot be liquidated<br />

through war. Nowhere, neither in Iraq, nor in Iran, or Turkey,<br />

an~ that the Kurds cannot achieve anything through<br />

terrorist m<strong>et</strong>hods," seems to sum up their views.<br />

Working on a Solution: Aware one way or another that<br />

the PKK is a mutual problem, the Iraqi Kurds are now<br />

working on a solution in their own way. Part of this is<br />

based on strengthening their presence along the bor<strong>de</strong>r area.<br />

Although he does not say it openly, Barzani implies<br />

that an operation in Zaleh is also imminent. The Kurds may<br />

actually g<strong>et</strong> rid of the PKK there -- which would only mean<br />

that the separatists will use Iran instead.<br />

There are about 50 fixed bor<strong>de</strong>r stations in the bor<strong>de</strong>r<br />

zone with Turkey, and these are run jointly by PUK and<br />

peshmerges. But the Kurdish complaint is that their army,<br />

some 4,000 men, is not enough to control everywhere.<br />

They even argue now that if there is infiltration, this is<br />

from Turkey into Iraqi Kurdistan and not vice versa. In other<br />

words, if Turkey cannot secure its own bor<strong>de</strong>r with 180<br />

thousand men, how can the Kurds, with their own problems,<br />

do it with only 4,000?<br />

Still, it appears that un<strong>de</strong>r the current circumstances<br />

they are doing their best and whatever differences may be<br />

sensed in their approach to the PKK, both the PUK and<br />

KDP want to g<strong>et</strong> rid of this problem.<br />

Barzani has lost all hope of forcing the PKK to pull its act<br />

tog<strong>et</strong>her and has suffered more than anyone else from this<br />

organization's activities. AlwAYS,during cross bor<strong>de</strong>r incursions<br />

by Turkey, his territory was the targ<strong>et</strong>. And always he<br />

has been a primary targ<strong>et</strong> for the PKK.<br />

Only last week, the regional Kurdistan govemment issued<br />

a strongly wor<strong>de</strong>d con<strong>de</strong>mnation of the PKK, after<br />

militants of this organization attacked a peshmerge base in<br />

Basiya village in Argush district and killed three Iraqi Kurds<br />

and took 12 others as prisoners.<br />

Kurdish public opinion is also heavily against the PKK,<br />

but alwàys with a touch of sympathy, owing mainly to Turkey's<br />

military based policies put into affect in the Southeast.<br />

With or without Ankara's press blackout, and the auto-control<br />

of the Istanbul press, ttie Kurds in the region<br />

know what is going on and often, during conversations,<br />

draw similarities to what happened in Iraq as well.<br />

The most commonly heard remark in that part of the region<br />

is: "Look, see what Baghdad did to us and see the result....<br />

In this way, <strong>de</strong>spite their strong feelings against the<br />

PKK, many Kurdish officials are approaching the issue in a<br />

cautious way.<br />

Thus, they also fear that persistent Turkish operations<br />

on northern Iraq will weaken their hand even further, especially<br />

when damage is done to civilians and/or civilian s<strong>et</strong>tlements.<br />

The Kurds, hate the "carrot and stick treatment," it it can<br />

be called that. And they do not believe that civilian losses<br />

in such operations are the result of mistakes. The general<br />

belief is that these aim at taming them and the warning is<br />

that such policies have always backfired.<br />

Northern Iraq needs Turkey to survive and it needs Turkey<br />

more than ever. What the Kurds ask now is more un<strong>de</strong>rstanding<br />

from Ankara, b<strong>et</strong>ter cooperation in the fields of<br />

economy and security, and a breath.<br />

The concern is that any preemptive move by Turkey<br />

would line tbe people behind the PKK and make it even<br />

more difficult for this organization to be tackled with. And<br />

indications are strong that soon, in the coming days, the<br />

Kurds themselves will be taking dramatic action against<br />

this organization. For they do not want Operation North<br />

Iraq, once again... _<br />

19


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ~RNISTA<br />

STAMPA-DENTRO DE lA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

Turkish Probe December 2, 1993<br />

17<br />

The Week in Perspective<br />

NOY 23 U.N. Secr<strong>et</strong>ary-General Boutros<br />

• Boutros-Ghali announces his plans<br />

to resume intensive contacts aimed at building confi<strong>de</strong>nce<br />

b<strong>et</strong>ween the two Cypriot communities after<br />

the Turkish Cypriot elections scheduled for Dec. 12.<br />

In a written report to the Security Council, he also<br />

recommends a further six-month renewal of the<br />

1,200-member U.N. Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus<br />

(UNFICYP) when its current mandate expires on<br />

Dec.15.<br />

NOY 24 The PKK attacked an Iraqi Kurdish<br />

• base in northern Iraq, killing three<br />

people and capturing 12 others, an Iraqi Kurdish envoy<br />

to Ankara says. About 150 Turkish Kurds on<br />

Nov. 18 attacked the base at Baziyah village in EIgush<br />

district, less than 5 kilom<strong>et</strong>ers (3 miles) from<br />

the Turkish bor<strong>de</strong>r, says envoy Safeen Dizayee.<br />

NOY 25 Greek Energy and Tra<strong>de</strong> Minister<br />

• Costas Simitis says Athens disapproves<br />

of a project aiming to create an electricity<br />

n<strong>et</strong>work b<strong>et</strong>ween Europe and Turkey. ,Simitis adds<br />

his government does not wish to see the n<strong>et</strong>work<br />

link and will not endorse a project that will connect<br />

Turkish 'and Italian electricity n<strong>et</strong>works via Greek territory.<br />

NOY 26 German authorities outlaw the PKK<br />

• in Germany. Bonn's <strong>de</strong>cision is immediately<br />

followed by raids on homes and businesses<br />

belonging to the organization. PKK ass<strong>et</strong>s are<br />

seized and its subsidiary organizations are banned<br />

in the raids which come as a concentrated effort to<br />

stop attacks on Turkish establishments in Europe.<br />

• Pro-Kurdish Democracy Party (DEP) Mus Deputy<br />

Muzaffer Demir files a complaint against a Kurdish<br />

tribal lea<strong>de</strong>r from the Southeast region who has<br />

spoken Kurdish -- <strong>de</strong>spite an official ban on it -- on a<br />

TV program aired on state TV.<br />

NOY 27 In Cologne, several thousand<br />

• Kurds take part in a rally marking<br />

the 15th anniversary of the founding of the PKK.<br />

Speakers call on Germany to lift the ban imposed on<br />

Friday, three weeks after spectacular attacks on<br />

Turkish offices across Germany and Western Europe<br />

blamed on the PKK. Other Kurdish protests are<br />

held in Stuttgart, Mannheim and Leverkusen against<br />

the ban.<br />

NOY 28 An opinion poll conducted by the<br />

• TDNamong 298 <strong>de</strong>puties in the<br />

450-seat Parliament reveals that 77.18 percent of<br />

those polled do not believe votes will represent free<br />

will in the local elections of March 1994 and that<br />

74.83 percent <strong>de</strong>mand elections be held in March<br />

1994 as previously announced.<br />

• Prime Minister Tansu Çiller reshuffles her Cabin<strong>et</strong>,<br />

changing five ministers of her own True Path Party<br />

(DYP). She replaces Rlfat SerdaroQlu with Kazlm<br />

Dinç as health minister and names four new ministers<br />

of state, Ali $evki Erek, Mehm<strong>et</strong> Ali Yilmaz, Abdülbaki<br />

Ataç and Nurhan Tekinel. They replace Mehm<strong>et</strong><br />

GazioQlu, Güne~ MüftüoQlu, Mustafa ÇiloQlu and Ahm<strong>et</strong><br />

$anal.<br />

• Turkish troops shell suspected PKK bases on<br />

Mount Ararat. Security forces, meanwhile, kill nine<br />

PKK insurgents in clashes in Diyarbakir.<br />

• Greek Foreign Ministry official, Theodoros Pangalos,<br />

accuses Germany, England and Turkey of forming<br />

a joint ,policy for the Balkans <strong>de</strong>scribing it as contrary<br />

to European Union solidarity.<br />

• Heavy snowfall blank<strong>et</strong>s much of eastern Turkey,<br />

cutting off more than 3,000 villages. Roads are<br />

clogged with <strong>de</strong>ep snow and flights from the eastern<br />

city of Van are canceled.<br />

NOY 29 Prime Minister Tansu Çiller unveils a<br />

• tax package that will cut rates for<br />

low-income workers and impose a luxury tax on jewelry,<br />

furs and other items.<br />

• Parliament Speaker Hüsam<strong>et</strong>tin Cindoruk leaves<br />

for Ukraine saying he will alert Black Sea Economic<br />

Cooperation (BSEC) nations of a possible PKK infiltration<br />

into these countries following the banning of<br />

the organization in Europe.<br />

NOY 30 Turkish warplanes have carried out a<br />

• five-hour strike on nine separate 'targ<strong>et</strong>s<br />

in northern Iraq, Prime Minister Tansu Çiller discloses.<br />

Çilrer says the targ<strong>et</strong>s of the air raids were<br />

PKK camps and that no civilians were harmed. Iraqi<br />

Kurdish officials claim that the attacks targ<strong>et</strong>ed two villages<br />

and left three civilians killed and six children<br />

woun<strong>de</strong>d.<br />

'<br />

• France bans two Kurdish groups, wi<strong>de</strong>ning its<br />

crackdown in which activists have been charged with<br />

terrorist activity in a separatist campaign against Turkey.<br />

• Turkish and Iranian security officials begin talks in<br />

Ankara on securing their bor<strong>de</strong>r against drugs, arms<br />

smugglers and PKK terrorists.<br />

• The PK-Kor<strong>de</strong>rs the closure of all "educational institutions"<br />

in the Southeast, warning that it would<br />

place "violators of the ban" among its targ<strong>et</strong>s.<br />

• An Istanbul court or<strong>de</strong>rs the release of six Manchester<br />

United soccer fans who had been jailed for<br />

nearly a month on charges of ransacking a hotel.<br />

20


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

COURRIER - 2 DÉCEMBRE 1993<br />

•• V.NDICArloN<br />

Le meurtre <strong>de</strong><br />

la place Neuve<br />

est politique<br />

Tué en pleine rue, le mois<br />

<strong>de</strong>rnier à Genève, un Kur<strong>de</strong><br />

a été victime d'un crime<br />

politique.<br />

Le ressortissant kur<strong>de</strong> abattu le 6 novembre<br />

en plein jour à Genève a bien<br />

été victime d'un crime politique. Le<br />

meurtre a été «revendiqué» par un<br />

mouvement politique turc illégal, le<br />

TKP-ML-Harekati, <strong>de</strong> tendance<br />

marxiste-léniniste. L'information parue<br />

hier dans le quotidien «Le Matin»<br />

a été partiellement confirmée par le<br />

juge d'instruction Jean-Pierre Trembley,<br />

en charge du dossier.<br />

Interrogé par l'ATS, le juge Trembley<br />

a précisé qu'il avait obtenu le<br />

document - en fait, un tract - par le<br />

biais <strong>de</strong>s autorités alleman<strong>de</strong>s. Il circulait<br />

clan<strong>de</strong>stinement dans les milieux<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s en Allemagne. Par ailleurs,<br />

il s'agit plutôt d'un avertissement<br />

que d'une revendication, a souligné<br />

le magistrat genevois. Le texte<br />

relate en eff<strong>et</strong> la mort à Genève du<br />

Kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>et</strong> en use pour «avertir» ceux<br />

qui seraient tentés <strong>de</strong> «trahir» du sort<br />

qui les attend. Le défunt aurait été<br />

ainsi exécuté par un autre membre du<br />

TKP pour avoir «trahi» l'organisation<br />

dans laquelle il militait en travaillant<br />

pour le compte <strong>de</strong> l'Etat turc, rapporte<br />

le journal vaudois. Le Kur<strong>de</strong> avait été<br />

tué <strong>de</strong> plusieurs balles dans le dos en<br />

plein après-midi à la place Neuve. Son<br />

meurtrier l'avait poursuivi avant <strong>de</strong><br />

l'abattre sous les regards effarés <strong>de</strong>s<br />

passants. Le tueur n'a toujours pas été<br />

r<strong>et</strong>rouvé.<br />

ATS<br />

A.F.P. - Agence France Presse - A.F.P. - Agence France Presse - A.F.P. - Agence France Presse - A.F.P. - Agence France Press<br />

FRA0546 4 GI 0257 FRA /AFP-NZ40<br />

Fr'atlce-fÙJr<strong>de</strong>s<br />

3.000 à 4.000 personnes manifestent à <strong>Paris</strong> pour la libération <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

emprisonnés<br />

PARIS, 2 Déc (AFP) - Trois è 4.000 personnes ont manifesté jeudi en début<br />

<strong>de</strong> soirée, <strong>de</strong> la place <strong>de</strong> la République à la place <strong>de</strong> la Bastille, pour<br />

réclamer la libération <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s arrêtés en France le 18 novembre, a-t-on<br />

constaté sur place.<br />

La manifestation, à laquelle avait appelé une vingtaine d'organisations<br />

syndicales <strong>et</strong> partis politiques dont le peF, la CGT, le MRAP, SOS Racisme, la<br />

LCR <strong>et</strong> Yekkom-Khurdistan s'est dispersée dans le calme peu avant 20H00.<br />

Les manifestants, pour la plupart d'origine kur<strong>de</strong>, ont déFilé aux cris <strong>de</strong><br />

"à 'bas le r'égime Fasciste" <strong>et</strong> ."viva Pf\K", J_e Pat'ti <strong>de</strong>s travai,lleurs du<br />

Kurdistan, en rébellion contre Ankara.<br />

Lundi <strong>de</strong>rnier, une précé<strong>de</strong>nte manifestation, à l'appel <strong>de</strong> Yekkom, avait<br />

été interdite par la préfecture <strong>de</strong> police <strong>et</strong> 150 personnes avaient été<br />

interpellées place <strong>de</strong> la République.<br />

Mardi, le gouvernement Français avait adopté <strong>de</strong> nouvelles mesures à<br />

l'encontre <strong>de</strong>s militants kur<strong>de</strong>s, en dissolvant <strong>de</strong>ux associations kur<strong>de</strong>s en<br />

Fraoce qui émanaient, selon le ministre <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur Charles Pasqua, du<br />

Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du Kurdistan (PKK).<br />

Les organisations visées étaient le Comité Kurdistan <strong>et</strong> la Fédération <strong>de</strong>s<br />

associations culturelles <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs patriotes du Kurdistan en France,<br />

Yekkom-Kurdistan~ ainsi que les sept associations que c<strong>et</strong>te <strong>de</strong>rnière regroupe.<br />

Des membres <strong>de</strong> l'association Yekkom-Kurdistan participaient è ra<br />

manifestation <strong>de</strong> jeudi soir.<br />

PB/jg/ft<br />

AFP 022005 DEC 93<br />

21


REV,UE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASlN ÖZETi<br />

FRA0152"4 tI 0188 ~RA /AFP-0F9Q<br />

France--klJf"<strong>de</strong>s<br />

Pa~ution <strong>de</strong>s ~écr<strong>et</strong>s <strong>de</strong> dissolution du Comité du Kurdistan <strong>et</strong> <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> Yekkom<br />

hUt'd i s tah<br />

PARIS~ 3 déc (AFP) - Les <strong>de</strong>ux décr<strong>et</strong>s portant dissolution du Comité du<br />

Kurdistan~ <strong>de</strong> la Fédération <strong>de</strong>s associations culturelles <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs<br />

patriotes du Kurdistan Yekkom Kurdistan <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s sept associ.ations que c<strong>et</strong>te<br />

<strong>de</strong>rnière regroupe~ sont pubiiés dans le Journal Officiel <strong>de</strong> vendredi.<br />

Les <strong>de</strong>ux organisations "provoquent à <strong>de</strong>s manifestations armées dans la rue<br />

'par les saccages~ dégradations <strong>de</strong> locaux <strong>et</strong> j<strong>et</strong>s d'engins explosifs auxquels<br />

E!J."l"e~:; se 1.i\/rent" indiqwômt J.!:::".:; décr<strong>et</strong>s.<br />

Elles "présentent'le caractère <strong>de</strong> groupes <strong>de</strong> combat ou <strong>de</strong> milices privées<br />

en raison <strong>de</strong> la formation paramilitaire dans <strong>de</strong>s camps d'entratnements~ <strong>de</strong><br />

l'obéissance <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la discipline auxquelles leurs membres sont soumis, <strong>de</strong><br />

l'intentiori séditieuse qui les caractérise~ qui les ren<strong>de</strong>nt aptes è <strong>de</strong>s<br />

act.i. ons dE? CCltl1mat1dCl".<br />

Les décr<strong>et</strong>s précisent aussi que le Comité du Kurdistan "se livre sur le<br />

territoire français cu è partir <strong>de</strong> ce territoire à <strong>de</strong>s agissements en vue <strong>de</strong><br />

prClvoql~ef'dE''::; acte,:;dl:!t.<strong>et</strong>'F'orismen Franc!:""! ou tl. 1'ét.r'a.ng€::'l"".<br />

SZB/jftlg<br />

AFP 030946 DEC 93<br />

~ . TURQUIE<br />

......<br />

L'aviation bombar<strong>de</strong><br />

<strong>de</strong>s camps kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak<br />

l'aviation turque a bombardé<br />

<strong>de</strong>s régions du nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak à la<br />

frontil!re turque dans une série<br />

;d~ raids contre <strong>de</strong>s séparatistes<br />

k,ur<strong>de</strong>s du Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs<br />

du" Kurdistan. (PKI{), qui<br />

«s'apprlJtaient il <strong>de</strong>s actions»<br />

sur le tèrritoire turc, ont indiqué,<br />

mardi 30 novembre, <strong>de</strong>s sources<br />

militaires à Ankara. les avions'<br />

ont effectué seize sorties, a-t-ori<br />

indiqué <strong>de</strong> même source.<br />

Aucune localité civile ne se situe<br />

à moins <strong>de</strong> 4 km <strong>de</strong>s objectifs<br />

bombardés <strong>et</strong> les dirigeants<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s d'Irak ont été informés à"<br />

l'avance, selon les militaires. En<br />

Irak, <strong>de</strong>s habitimts du villagé<br />

kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Hisan, ~ la frontiàre tur-'<br />

,que, ont déclaré que <strong>de</strong>ux per-<br />

" sonnes avaient été tuées <strong>et</strong>.<br />

treize autres blessées lors d'un<br />

bombar<strong>de</strong>ment <strong>de</strong> l'aviation turque<br />

lundi sur un village qui<br />

n'abritait pas <strong>de</strong> base du PKK:<br />

Par ailleurs, le ministre grec<br />

<strong>de</strong>s .affaires européennes, Théoc;tQrosPangalos,<br />

a déclaré mardi<br />

qu'il n'était pas «prlJt il conseil-<br />

1er» aux Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> m<strong>et</strong>tre fin à<br />

leur actions. M. Pangalos a<br />

déploré l'usage par les Kur<strong>de</strong>s du<br />

PKK <strong>de</strong> la violence pour «rdgler<br />

leurs problèmes <strong>et</strong> pour rdclamer<br />

leurs droits ». Mais, a-t-il ajouté,<br />

«"ont-ils un moyen pacifique pour<br />

exercer leurs droits contre leurs<br />

;tyrans? ». - (AFP.)<br />

Le Mon<strong>de</strong> - :i décembre 1993<br />

TURQUIE: Ankara plai<strong>de</strong> pour<br />

une concertation européenne'<br />

contre le PKK, - La Turquie a<br />

appelé, mercredi 1er décembre, les<br />

pays européens à « prendre <strong>de</strong>s<br />

mesures conjointes <strong>et</strong> efficaces»<br />

contre le Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du'<br />

~urdistan (PKK, séparatiste).<br />

Des décisions prises séparément<br />

par <strong>de</strong>s pays « ne sont pas suffisantes<br />

pour ,la lutte contre le terrorisme<br />

», a déclaré le porte-parole<br />

du ministère turc <strong>de</strong>s affaires<br />

étrangères, Ferhat Ataman, estimant<br />

que « <strong>de</strong>s mesures<br />

conjointes <strong>et</strong> efficaces <strong>de</strong>vront être'<br />

prises par tous les pays en suivant<br />

l'exemple <strong>de</strong> l'Allemagne <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la<br />

France contre le PK/( ». Ce nouvel<br />

appel du gouvernement d'Ankara<br />

aux pays européens intervient<br />

après l'interdiction,"<br />

vendredi, par le gouvernement:<br />

allemand du PKK <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> trente,"<br />

quatre organisations parallèles <strong>et</strong>.<br />

la décision prise, mardi, par les'<br />

llutorités françaises <strong>de</strong> dissoudre<br />

<strong>de</strong>ux associations kur<strong>de</strong>s en<br />

France. - (AFP.)<br />

22


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

rH"III""ité - 2 déccmbrc<br />

~ ' ~<br />

" ,II"~;'~V "'".<br />

~~1J1~:t~_<br />

,- "'''- #....<br />

Après la rafle du<br />

18 norembre <strong>de</strong>rnier <strong>et</strong><br />

la récente décision du<br />

gourernement BaJ/adur<br />

d'interdire <strong>de</strong>ux<br />

associations kur<strong>de</strong>s,<br />

une ringtaine<br />

d'organisations<br />

appellent à un<br />

rassemblement ce jeudi<br />

à 18h 30, place <strong>de</strong> la<br />

République.<br />

A<br />

l'appel d'une vingtaine<br />

d'associations, syndicats<br />

<strong>et</strong> partis politiaues, dont<br />

le PCF, une mamf2Station <strong>de</strong><br />

t<br />

.'<br />

1l)l)3<br />

u guerre <strong>de</strong> l'Etat turc contre le peuple kur<strong>de</strong>: <strong>de</strong>s massacres répétés <strong>de</strong>puis <strong>de</strong>s années.<br />

Avec le peuple kur<strong>de</strong><br />

ce soir à <strong>Paris</strong><br />

solidarité avec le peuple kur<strong>de</strong><br />

se d;;roulera ce jeudi à 18 h 30,<br />

place <strong>de</strong> la République à <strong>Paris</strong>.<br />

C<strong>et</strong>te initiative. décidée il y a<br />

<strong>de</strong>ux semaines afin <strong>de</strong> « protester<br />

contre les arrestations arbitraires<br />

» opérées dans les milieux<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s le 18 novembre<br />

<strong>de</strong>rnier, prend une dimension<br />

nouvelle après la décision du<br />

gouvernement d'interdire, mercredi,<br />

<strong>de</strong>ux associations kur<strong>de</strong>s.<br />

Quelques jours après c<strong>et</strong>te rafle,<br />

le représentant du Comité<br />

du Kurdistan, Azad Dere, avait<br />

déclaré que celle-ci « répondai t<br />

à une <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> du gouvernement<br />

turc ». « Ce que nous attendons<br />

du gouvernement fran-<br />

çais. avait-il ajouté, c'est, au<br />

lieu d'encourager les massacres<br />

au Kurdistan, qu'il favorise une<br />

solution politique. » C<strong>et</strong> appel<br />

n'a pas été entendu par Matignon<br />

qui a donc décidé - sans<br />

réaction <strong>de</strong> l'Elysée - d'interdire<br />

le Comité du Kurdistan <strong>et</strong><br />

la Fédération <strong>de</strong>s associations<br />

culturelles <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs patriotes<br />

du Kurdistan (ainsi que<br />

les sept associations qu'elles regroupent).<br />

D'habitu<strong>de</strong> plus volubile,<br />

Charles Pasqua ne s'est pas<br />

laissé aller à quelques bavardages,<br />

mardi après-midi, lors <strong>de</strong> sa<br />

conference <strong>de</strong> presse où il a annoncé<br />

<strong>et</strong> justifié c<strong>et</strong>te décision<br />

auparav.lßt avalisÉe par le<br />

Conseil <strong>de</strong>s ministres. Même<br />

gêné aux entournures, le message<br />

du ministre <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur<br />

aura été on ne peut plus clair:<br />

« Aucune association ayant <strong>de</strong>s<br />

activi tés délictueuses ne sera tolérée,<br />

même si elle ne fait pas<br />

d'actions chez nous mais en fait<br />

dans d'autres pays. » Et Charles<br />

Pasqua d'ajouter en guise<br />

d'avertissement : « Il y a une<br />

nouvelle majorité en France qui<br />

souhaite que l'on n'accepte' aucune<br />

zone d'ombre sur le territoire.<br />

» Qu'importe alors, dans<br />

ces conditions, la liste - vraiment<br />

peu convaincante - <strong>de</strong>s<br />

griels <strong>de</strong> l'Etat français à l'encontre<br />

<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>ux associations<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s ...<br />

Si la politique du gouvernement<br />

Balladur en matière <strong>de</strong><br />

« sécurité intérieure » peut légi~<br />

timement inquiéter tous les dé.,<br />

mocrates, à Ankara - où l'on<br />

si connaît en matière d'ordre<br />

-, on applaudit <strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>ux<br />

mains. La réaction du gouvernement<br />

turc ne s'est d'ailleurs<br />

pas fait attendre : « La possibilité<br />

d'une coopération interna~<br />

tionale contre le PKK existe<br />

maintenant. Quand nous disions<br />

jadis que le PKK était un mouvement<br />

terroriste, l'Occi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />

nous contrait en évoquant les<br />

droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme. Il semblerait<br />

mai n ten ant q u 'i I s Il i.t<br />

convaincu I), a déclaré, dès<br />

mardi soir, un porte-parole du<br />

gouvernement turc.<br />

Tellement « convaincu ~<br />

qu'aucun commentaire, à Par~<br />

comme à Bonn, n'a été fait sur<br />

le bombar<strong>de</strong>ment <strong>de</strong> villages<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s au nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak par<br />

l'aviation d'Ankara. Après l'Allemagne<br />

vendredi <strong>de</strong>rnier, qui a<br />

interdit, outre le PKK, 35 associations<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s, la France vient<br />

donc - au nom <strong>de</strong> Maastricht,<br />

s'il vous plaît, <strong>et</strong> sans états<br />

d'âme - d'apporter sa pierre à<br />

la guerre sans merci que livre,<br />

<strong>de</strong>puis <strong>de</strong>s décennies, l'Etat turc<br />

au peuple kur<strong>de</strong>.<br />

Mobilisation dans les Deux-Sèvres<br />

UN comité <strong>de</strong> soutien à<br />

Rojine Ayaz vient d'être<br />

creé dans les Deux-<br />

Sèvres. Il a publié l'appe\. suivant:<br />

« Par décision du ministère<br />

<strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur, Rojine Ayaz est<br />

sous le coup d'un arrêté d'expulsion<br />

du territoire français.<br />

Actuellement arrachée à sa famille,<br />

elle subit une assignation<br />

à rési<strong>de</strong>nce à Saint-Pardoux<br />

dans les Deux-Sèvres. Le gouvernement<br />

français n'a rien à reprocher<br />

à c<strong>et</strong>te jeune fiIle<strong>de</strong><br />

dix-neuf ans, elle n'est ni intégriste<br />

ni terroriste <strong>et</strong> n'a participé<br />

à aucun rack<strong>et</strong>. Toute expulsion,<br />

notamment en Turquie,<br />

equivaudrait pour elle à un arrêt<br />

<strong>de</strong> mort. Tant qu'elle n'est<br />

pas libre en France, elle est en<br />

danger. C'est pourquoi le<br />

comité <strong>de</strong> soutien à Rojine Ayaz<br />

exige <strong>de</strong> M. le ministre <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur,<br />

sous couvert <strong>de</strong> M. le<br />

préf<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s Deux-Sèvres, <strong>de</strong> procé<strong>de</strong>r<br />

à sa libération immédiate<br />

<strong>et</strong> à sa réintégration dans ses<br />

droits antérieur~ liés à sa carte<br />

r1tSèj,:i. !,.ch France. I)<br />

C~! ;lflpel a reçu le soutien du<br />

PCf, <strong>de</strong>s Verts, <strong>de</strong> la FSU, <strong>de</strong><br />

i1\ CGT <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s personnalités suinotes:<br />

Bernard Bellec,<br />

maire PS <strong>de</strong> Niort; Clau<strong>de</strong><br />

Juin, maire PS <strong>de</strong> Bessine,<br />

conseiIler général, membre du<br />

conseil départemental du PS;<br />

Guy Vincent, adjoint PCF au<br />

maire <strong>de</strong> Niort; Robert Léon,<br />

adjoint PCF au maire <strong>de</strong> Niort<br />

el prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong> l'ADECR; Marcel<br />

Brelay, maire PCF<br />

d'Epanne; Marcel Eon, conseiller<br />

municipal PCF <strong>de</strong> Mauzé;<br />

Francis Vacker, secrétaire <strong>de</strong> la<br />

fedération dù PCF; Jean-Clau<strong>de</strong><br />

Sureau, secrétaire départemental<br />

<strong>de</strong> la CGT; Daniel Fasanino<br />

<strong>et</strong> la section du PCF <strong>de</strong> Gâtines;<br />

Marie-Clau<strong>de</strong> Raoul; Jean-<br />

Clau<strong>de</strong> Morisson; Dr Fasanino-<br />

Royer; M. <strong>et</strong> Mo< Warzawski;<br />

Nadia Vacker; Elisab<strong>et</strong>h Didier;<br />

Jean-Pierre Gélot; Marc<br />

Guitton.<br />

23


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO mi LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />

Opinion<br />

Bons .<br />

,<br />

<strong>et</strong>mauvalS<br />

Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

Pasqua vient <strong>de</strong><br />

découvrir <strong>de</strong><br />

• nouveaux réseaux<br />

terroristes: les associations<br />

<strong>de</strong> toutes natures regroupant<br />

<strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s réfugiés en<br />

France. Ces organisations'<br />

agissent publiquement<br />

<strong>de</strong>puis <strong>de</strong>s années <strong>et</strong> les<br />

autorités ne peuvent Ignorer<br />

leur existence. S'il s'agissait<br />

véritablement <strong>de</strong> repaires <strong>de</strong><br />

terroristes, cela signifierait<br />

,que les services qui<br />

renseignent Pasqua <strong>et</strong> ses<br />

prédécesseurs sont<br />

complètement aveugles. En<br />

fait, il est clair que la<br />

répression qui frappe les<br />

Kur<strong>de</strong>s, en France comme<br />

en Aliemagne, résulte <strong>de</strong> la<br />

,conclusion d'un accord avec<br />

,les représentants du<br />

:gouvernement turc, à la suite<br />

<strong>de</strong> la tournée que ceux-ci<br />

viennent d'effectuer en<br />

Europe.<br />

.Quelle est exactement la<br />

nature du marché passé<br />

avec Ankara? A quel prix les<br />

Kur<strong>de</strong>s ont-Ils été vendus?<br />

'.Lesa-toOnéchangés contre<br />

:quelques milliards <strong>de</strong><br />

eomman<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> matériel<br />

militaire ou s'agit-il<br />

seulement . d'obtenir les.<br />

"<br />

.bonnes grâces d'un Etat<br />

.jouant un rôle régional<br />

important? Nous le saurons<br />

peut-être plus tard. Quoi qu'il<br />

,en soit, chacun peut<br />

constater qu'il ya les bons <strong>et</strong><br />

les mauvais Kur<strong>de</strong>s.<br />

,Les bons Kur<strong>de</strong>s, à qui l'on<br />

a parachuté quelques<br />

tonnes <strong>de</strong> vivres <strong>de</strong>vant les<br />

caméras <strong>de</strong> télévision,<br />

quand Saddam Hussein les<br />

massacrall à l'ai<strong>de</strong> d'engins<br />

fabriqués d'ailleurs pour<br />

une bonne part en France.<br />

Les mauvais Kur<strong>de</strong>s, qui<br />

osent réciamer la possibilité<br />

<strong>de</strong> disposer d'eux-mêmes<br />

face à l'un <strong>de</strong>s Etats qui la<br />

leur refusent <strong>de</strong>puis<br />

quelques générations. La<br />

différence, c'est que c<strong>et</strong><br />

. Etat, la Turquie, connu pour<br />

<strong>de</strong>s métho<strong>de</strong>s terroristes<br />

qui valent celles <strong>de</strong> Saddam<br />

Hussein, se trouve être<br />

l'alliée du moment du<br />

gouvernement français.<br />

La revendication <strong>de</strong>s<br />

Kur<strong>de</strong>s est légitime <strong>et</strong> force<br />

est <strong>de</strong> constater que<br />

l'organisation qui mène ce<br />

,combat, le Parti <strong>de</strong>s<br />

travailleurs kur<strong>de</strong>s, qu'on<br />

partage ses positions ou<br />

non, parait avoir <strong>de</strong> fortes<br />

assises dans la population.<br />

Ce peuple a droit à notre<br />

solidariié, face à la<br />

répression féroce qu'II subit<br />

en Turquie comme face aux<br />

complices français <strong>de</strong>s<br />

tortionnaires d'Ankara.<br />

Gérard Delteil<br />

Ecrivain<br />

Rojine toujours assignée<br />

àresi<strong>de</strong>nce<br />

ROlINE<br />

AYAZ, jeune<br />

femmekur<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> dix-neuf<br />

, ans, fait partie <strong>de</strong> ces<br />

militants ou sympathisants d'associations<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s arrêtés lors <strong>de</strong><br />

la rafle du 18 novembre <strong>de</strong>rnier,<br />

organisée par le gouvernement<br />

français. Elle a été conduite, les<br />

menottes aux poign<strong>et</strong>s; au siège<br />

<strong>de</strong>s. Renseignements généraux,<br />

où elle a subi pendant près <strong>de</strong><br />

<strong>de</strong>ux jours un interrogatoire.<br />

Les pressions psychologiques ne<br />

sont évi<strong>de</strong>mment pas absentes.<br />

On l'a accusée d'être une terroriste<br />

<strong>et</strong> d'avoir organisé <strong>de</strong>s rack<strong>et</strong>s.<br />

Nous avions rencontré Rojine<br />

dans le p<strong>et</strong>it hôtel <strong>de</strong> Saint-<br />

Pardoux (Deux-Sèvres) où elle<br />

est assignée à rési<strong>de</strong>nce. Elle<br />

nous avait dit ses craintes <strong>et</strong> ses<br />

espoirs (voir « l'Humanité » du<br />

25 novembre). Aujourd'hui,<br />

dans sa rési<strong>de</strong>nce forcée, Rojine<br />

n'est pas seule. Une campagne<br />

<strong>de</strong> solidarité s'est développée<br />

autour d'elle. Tous les jours,<br />

elle reçoit <strong>de</strong>s visites <strong>et</strong> la presse<br />

lui est apportée.<br />

A ce jour, les autorités françaises<br />

n'ont fourni aucune<br />

preuve qui puisse corroborer<br />

leurs accusations. Alors, pourquoi<br />

le ministre <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur<br />

menace toujours d'expulser Rojine?<br />

Le ministère prétexte le secr<strong>et</strong><br />

<strong>de</strong> l'instruction mais aucune<br />

charge n'a été r<strong>et</strong>enue<br />

contre elle <strong>et</strong> aucune mise en<br />

examenn'a été effectuée.<br />

CHRISTOPHE DECROIX<br />

I<br />

La réaction grecque<br />

Le ministre grec aux Affaires<br />

européennes, Théodoros<br />

Pangalos, a déclaré mardi<br />

qu'il n'était pas « près <strong>de</strong><br />

conseiller" aux Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong><br />

m<strong>et</strong>tre fin à leurs actions.<br />

Poursuivant actuellement une<br />

tournée <strong>de</strong> préparation <strong>de</strong> la<br />

prési<strong>de</strong>nce grecque <strong>de</strong><br />

l'Union européenne, il a<br />

déploré l'usage par les<br />

Kur<strong>de</strong>s du PKK <strong>de</strong> la violence<br />

pour « régler leurs problèmes<br />

<strong>et</strong> pour réclamer It!urs<br />

droits ". Cependant, a-t-il<br />

ajouté, « ont-ils un autre<br />

débouché? Ont-ils un moyen<br />

pacifique pour exercer leurs<br />

droits contre leurs tyrans? "<br />

« S'ils n'ont pas une telle<br />

possibilité, que pouvons-nous,<br />

nous autres Européens, leur<br />

conseiller? Est-ce la<br />

soumission, la solution idéale<br />

pour eux?", s'est exclamé<br />

Théodoros Pangalos. Le<br />

ministre grec avait<br />

violemment critiqué, jeudi<br />

<strong>de</strong>rnier, l'Allemagne pour<br />

«ses rêves<br />

pangermaniques " ainsi que<br />

'la Turquie, qu'il avait accusée<br />

<strong>de</strong> « trainer ses bottes<br />

ensanglantées sur les tapis<br />

européens ".<br />

!~ , . .<br />

..Rojine Ayaz, jeu,,~ Kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> dix-neuf ans ~ssignée à rési<strong>de</strong>nce<br />

dans les Deux-Sèvres.<br />

• ANKAkA. La Cour constitu- '<br />

tionnelle turque a décidé,<br />

mardi soir, à l'unanimité, la<br />

dissolution du Parti socialiste<br />

<strong>de</strong> Turquie (PST), son programme<br />

étant jugé contraire à<br />

la loi sur les partis politiques<br />

<strong>et</strong> à la Constitution. C'est le<br />

douzième parti dissous par la<br />

Haute Cour pour <strong>de</strong>s raisons'<br />

similaires.<br />

24


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />

18<br />

Turkish Probe December 2, 1993<br />

Human Rights Diary<br />

The trial of Yurt publishing house owner Ünsal<br />

Oztürk,. who published outlawed Kurdistan Workers'<br />

Party (PKK) lea<strong>de</strong>r Abdullah Öcalan's book "12th September<br />

Fascism and the PKK rebellion" in November<br />

1992, en<strong>de</strong>d at the Ankara State Security Court<br />

(DGM). Oztürk has been sentenced to one year in<br />

prison and fined TL 100 million. ÖztQrk insists the <strong>de</strong>cision<br />

is unjust. "I have been sentenced as if I were<br />

the book's writer," he said.<br />

(Newspapers, Nov. 24)<br />

Education authorities paid homage to 70 teachers<br />

killed by the PKK in nine years of a violent separatist<br />

campaign. "It is inhuman to kill teachers who carry not<br />

arms but books and the light of knowledge," Mustafa<br />

Gazalcl, head of a teachers union, saici. PKK militants<br />

have targ<strong>et</strong>ed teachers who are seen as perp<strong>et</strong>uating<br />

Turkish cultural dominance. No Kurdish is taught at<br />

schools as Turkish is the officiai language. PKK terrorists<br />

have killed at least 40 primary school teachers in<br />

remote villages and haml<strong>et</strong>s of the region this year including<br />

at least 10 female teachers. They have<br />

torched scores of schoolhouses and more than 1,500<br />

institutions in the Southeast remain closed for fear of<br />

attack.<br />

(Newspapers, Nov. 25)<br />

The DGM or<strong>de</strong>red the closure of the pro.PKK daily<br />

Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m for 15 days and sentenced its former<br />

editor 1~lkYurtçu to two years in prison for publishing<br />

PKK views. This is the second court or<strong>de</strong>r in four days<br />

against the newspaper. On Monday the court or<strong>de</strong>red<br />

the newspaper to be closed for 15 days for publishing<br />

an interview with PKK lea<strong>de</strong>r Abdullah Ocalan. On<br />

Thursday the court also imposed fines on Yurtçu and<br />

the newspaper's imprisoned publisher, Ya~ar Kaya.<br />

The court has brought more than 70 charges against<br />

the newspaper since it began publishing in April 1992.<br />

Six reporters from Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m have been killed<br />

un<strong>de</strong>r mysterious circumstances. Four of its editors<br />

are already in jail. Publisher Kaya, who is head of the<br />

pro-Kurdish Democracy Party (DEP), was sentenced<br />

to two years in prison for making pro-separatist<br />

speeches. (Newspapers, Nov. 26)<br />

Fifteen pro-Kurdish DEP members, including DEP<br />

Ankara provincial administrators, have been taken into<br />

custody by security forces in Ankara, a DEP statement<br />

said. (Newspapers, Nov. 27)<br />

Nine British tra<strong>de</strong> unionists briefly <strong>de</strong>tained in<br />

southeast Turkey r<strong>et</strong>urned home accusing the Turkish<br />

authorities of persecuting the region's Kurdish community.<br />

The nine say they were held by militaryofficials<br />

Friday with another British tra<strong>de</strong> unionist, a French national<br />

and a Dane. The group had traveled to the<br />

Kurdish village of Birik to investigate reports that the<br />

military and police were torching the village and<br />

mur<strong>de</strong>ring the villagers. They said a group of sol.<br />

diers surroun<strong>de</strong>d them and "marched us out of the<br />

village and into a field. We thought we were going<br />

to be shot."<br />

(Newspapers, Nov. 29)<br />

The Ankara State Security Court (DGM) sentenced<br />

playwright Numan Bakta~ to 20 months imprisonment<br />

and fined him TL 208 million for the<br />

publication of "Canon for Rebellion and Rejuvenation,"<br />

a book that relates the 1982 experiences of<br />

PKK convicts in a Diyarbakir prison. The court ruled<br />

that Bakta~ was guilty of spreading subversive<br />

Kurdish propaganda.<br />

(Cumhurly<strong>et</strong>, Nov. 29)<br />

Sabiha D~an, mother of Selma DoQan -- a high<br />

school stu<strong>de</strong>nt killed alongsi<strong>de</strong> Erol Yalçln, an alleged<br />

leftist militant, last Friday in a police raid in Istanbul<br />

-- claimed that her daughter was not a terrorist<br />

and that police were lying. "My daughter was neither<br />

a militant nor a member of any organization.<br />

"Police killed her as she was hiding behind an armchair,"<br />

she said. Selma's brother Can alleged that<br />

police tortured him, forcing him to sign documents<br />

that said his sister was a terrorist.<br />

(Cumhurly<strong>et</strong>, Nov. 29)<br />

Adnan 1~lk,30, a worker at the Diyarbakir distribution<br />

office of the'pro-PKK Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m daily,<br />

was gunned down by uni<strong>de</strong>ntified gunmen.<br />

(Cumhurly<strong>et</strong>, Nov. 29)<br />

An Istanbul court released six Manchester United<br />

soccer fans, saying they were free to leave the<br />

country. Their passports were r<strong>et</strong>urned. The court<br />

took four hours to reach its <strong>de</strong>cision to allow the six<br />

to r<strong>et</strong>um home, but did not drop the charges against<br />

them. The judge adjourned the case until Dec. 8.<br />

The six, charged with damaging property and<br />

drunken and disor<strong>de</strong>rly behaviour, were arrested<br />

before their team's European Cup tie against Istanbul's<br />

Galatasaray on Nov. 10.<br />

(Newspapers. Dec. 1)<br />

A statement by the Iraqi Kurdistan Democratic<br />

Party (KDP) said that Turkish warplanes indiscriminately<br />

bombed on Monday two Kurdish villages in<br />

the Barzan region insi<strong>de</strong> Iraqi Kurdistan. "The latest<br />

air raid killed three civilians and woun<strong>de</strong>d six children<br />

in the villages of Hiezen and Siena. These villages<br />

are located nearly 40 kilom<strong>et</strong>ers insi<strong>de</strong> northern<br />

Iraq.<br />

(Newspapers. Dec. 1)<br />

25


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />

LE NOUVEL OBSERVATEUR - 2 décembre 1993<br />

LUTTE ANTITERRORISTE ET GESTICULATION SÉCURITAIRE ture systématique <strong>de</strong>s détenus, disparitions,.<br />

Les mMste' res <strong>de</strong> la rafle ant.- Kur<strong>de</strong>s exécutions sommaires, bombar<strong>de</strong>ment <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s-<br />

Après avoir réclamé <strong>et</strong> obtenu - avec l'aval du. qu'aucune arme, aucun explosif, aucun, détonaprési<strong>de</strong>nt<br />

<strong>de</strong> la République - une réforme <strong>de</strong> la teur n'a été saisi par les enquêteurs. Tout se passe,<br />

Constitution qui lui a permis d'introduire dans en fait, comme si le ministère <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur était<br />

la loi sur l'immigration un amen<strong>de</strong>ment limitant en train d'introduire, sournoisement, sinon dans le<br />

le droit d'asile, Charles Pasqua est-il aujourd'hui. droit français, du moins dans la pratique policière,<br />

en train d'entreprendre une réforme sauvage du la notion <strong>de</strong> « terrorisme virtuel », c'est-à-dire le<br />

Co<strong>de</strong> pénal? On pourrait le croire au vu <strong>de</strong>s délit d'opinion;<br />

conditions dans lesquelles ont été mis en exa- Tous les spécialistes <strong>de</strong> la question kur<strong>de</strong> le samen<br />

24 <strong>de</strong>s quelque 100 Kur<strong>de</strong>s interpellés lors vent, le PKK n'est pas un club <strong>de</strong> pacifistes. Il<br />

<strong>de</strong> la rafle du 18 novembre. Sur quoi repose le vient d'être interdit en Allemagne. Il recomman<strong>de</strong><br />

chef d' « association <strong>de</strong> malfaiteurs en relation avec <strong>et</strong> pratique, en Turquie, la lutte armée au nom du<br />

une entreprise terroriste ,)r<strong>et</strong>enu contre les Kur<strong>de</strong>s combat pour l'indépendance. Créé dans la clanincarcérés<br />

ou placés sous contrôle judiciaire par <strong>de</strong>stinité en 1979, le PKK, dont l'idéologie s'insles<br />

juges d'instruction Laurence Le Vert <strong>et</strong> pire d'un paléo-marxisme-lénisme plutôt rigi<strong>de</strong>,<br />

Roger Le Loire? Sur la découverte, selon les po- .est passé à l'action directe au début <strong>de</strong>s années 80,<br />

liciers, <strong>de</strong> documents du Parti <strong>de</strong>s Travailleurs à la suite <strong>de</strong> l'interdiction <strong>de</strong> la langue kur<strong>de</strong> en<br />

du Kurdistan (PKK), <strong>de</strong> listes <strong>de</strong> noms, <strong>de</strong> car- Turquie. Ses représailles contre les villageois du<br />

n<strong>et</strong>s à souche, <strong>de</strong> sommes d'argent <strong>et</strong> d' « élé- sud-est du pays, accusés <strong>de</strong> collaboration avec l'arments<br />

pouvant avoir un rapport avec les différents mée turque, sont dénoncées chaque année par le<br />

attentats au co.cktail Molotov qui ont visé, ces <strong>de</strong>r- rapport d'Amnesty Internatidnal. Tout comme<br />

nières semaines, la Banque du BO$phore à <strong>Paris</strong> i). sont dénoncées les exactions <strong>de</strong> l'armée turque<br />

Quels « éléments » ? Mystère. On sait seulement dans sa lutte contre les séparatistes kur<strong>de</strong>s: tor-<br />

I -.. truction <strong>de</strong>s villages réputés séparatistes. Et<br />

L'arrestation <strong>et</strong> la mise en examen <strong>de</strong> dizaines <strong>de</strong> membres du Par.ti<strong>de</strong>s .~ela~lors qu'A,nkaraest candidat à l'entrée dans<br />

Travailleurs du Kurdistan ne reposent sur aucun élément concr<strong>et</strong> perm<strong>et</strong>tant IUmon europeenne.<br />

d'i<strong>de</strong>ntifier une quelconque menace terroriste Le droit à l'indépendance <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s - aujourd'hui<br />

au nombre <strong>de</strong> 25 millions, répartis.<br />

entre la Turquie, l'Irak, l'Iran, la Syrie <strong>et</strong> les ré-<br />

. publiques du Caucase - a pourtant été reconnu,<br />

en 1920, par le traité <strong>de</strong> Sèvres. Et «( /es .<br />

droits du peuple kur<strong>de</strong>» ont été rappelés, le 12<br />

juin 1992 par le Parlement européen. Les <strong>de</strong>ux .<br />

principaux dirigeants <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s d'Irak, Massoud<br />

Barzani <strong>et</strong> Jalal Talabani, ont été reçus en<br />

août 1992 puis en juill<strong>et</strong> 1993 par François.<br />

Mitterrand, qui leur a affirmé que « les Kur<strong>de</strong>s'<br />

pouvaient compter sur la France i). Jalal Talabani.a<br />

même reçu une l<strong>et</strong>tre d'Alain Juppé confirmant<br />

le soutien <strong>de</strong> la France ~ la cause kur<strong>de</strong>. Jusqu'à.<br />

présent, les Kur<strong>de</strong>s ont répondu à ce soutien en<br />

se gardant <strong>de</strong> tout acte <strong>de</strong> terrorisme en territoire<br />

français. Mais ces faits, comme les engagements<br />

solennels <strong>de</strong>s dirigeants français<br />

pèsent <strong>de</strong> peu <strong>de</strong> poids face aux gesticulations<br />

sécuritaires <strong>de</strong> Charles Pasqua. Surtout lorsque<br />

<strong>Paris</strong> est en concurrence avec Washington pour<br />

vendre <strong>de</strong>s Airbus, <strong>de</strong>s canons <strong>et</strong> vin~<br />

hélicoptères Cougar à Ankara.<br />

René l~(;kmann<br />

Le Mon<strong>de</strong> - Jeudi 2 décembre 1993<br />

APrès les coups <strong>de</strong> fil<strong>et</strong> policiers dans les milieux kur<strong>de</strong>s. <strong>et</strong> islamistes en France<br />

• DISSOLUTION. le gouvernement<br />

a annoncé, mardi<br />

30 novembre en conseil <strong>de</strong>s<br />

ministres, la dissolution <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux<br />

organisations kur<strong>de</strong>s en France,<br />

présentées par le ministre <strong>de</strong><br />

l'intérieur comme les « faça<strong>de</strong>s<br />

légales du parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs<br />

du Kurdistan (PKK) Il. la dissolution<br />

du Comité du Ku:distan <strong>et</strong><br />

<strong>de</strong> la Fédération <strong>de</strong>s associations<br />

culturelles <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs<br />

patriotes du Kurdistan en France<br />

(Vekkom) intervient après l'interdiction<br />

du PKK décidée le<br />

26 novembre en Allemagne.<br />

• STRATÉGIE POLlCI~RE. les<br />

<strong>de</strong>ux décr<strong>et</strong>s <strong>de</strong> dissolution pris<br />

en conseil <strong>de</strong>s ministres font<br />

suite à l'opération policière du<br />

18 novembre qui s'était soldée<br />

par l'incarcération <strong>de</strong> vingt sym.<br />

. pathisants kur<strong>de</strong>s du PKK en<br />

France. Après la rafle du même<br />

type opérée dans les milieux<br />

islamistes, début novembre, le<br />

gouvernement envoie un avertissement<br />

aux groupes clan<strong>de</strong>stins<br />

installés dans l'Hexagone.<br />

• RÉACTIONS. Tandis qu'An.<br />

kara faisait connaitre sa « satisfaction<br />

», plusieurs partis <strong>et</strong><br />

associations se sont indignés en<br />

France <strong>de</strong> la décision <strong>de</strong>s autorités<br />

françaises.<br />

26<br />

Deux organisations réputées proches du PKK<br />

sont dissoutes par décr<strong>et</strong><br />

Le conseil <strong>de</strong>s ministres a<br />

annoncé, mardi 30 novembre, la<br />

dissolution <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux organisations<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s réputées proches<br />

du Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du<br />

Kurdistan (PKK), à la <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong><br />

. du ministre <strong>de</strong> l'intérieur, Char,<br />

les Pasqua. Il s'agit du Comité<br />

du Kurdistan <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la Fédéra •<br />

tion <strong>de</strong>s associations culturelles<br />

<strong>de</strong>s tr~v.ail1eurs patriotes du<br />

Kurdls,anen France (Yekkoni<br />

Kurdistan), ains,! qlJe dts sept<br />

associations qu'elles regroupent.<br />

Pris sur la base <strong>de</strong> la loi du<br />

10 janvier 1936 relative aux<br />

« groupes <strong>de</strong> combat <strong>et</strong> .milices<br />

privées», les <strong>de</strong>ux décr<strong>et</strong>s <strong>de</strong><br />

dissolution ont imputé à ces<br />

associations <strong>de</strong>s « manifestations<br />

armées dans la rue », « teur<br />

forme <strong>et</strong> leur organisation militaire»<br />

présentant le «caractère<br />

<strong>de</strong> groupes <strong>de</strong> combat ou <strong>de</strong><br />

milices privées ». ainsi que leur<br />

participation « sur le territoire<br />

. français ou à partir <strong>de</strong> ce terri.<br />

taire, à <strong>de</strong>s agissements <strong>et</strong>}.vue<br />

<strong>de</strong> provoquer <strong>de</strong>s actes <strong>de</strong> terrorisme<br />

en France ou à l'étran.<br />

ger ». Un rapport d'une dizaine<br />

d.e pages, dét~il1!lnt les faits<br />

reprochés dans le cadre <strong>de</strong> la loi<br />

<strong>de</strong> 1936, avait été remis au prési<strong>de</strong>nt<br />

<strong>de</strong> la République.<br />

« Ces associations sont les<br />

faça<strong>de</strong>s légales du PKK qui. en<br />

France comme dans d'outres<br />

pays d'Europe, se livre à <strong>de</strong>s<br />

actions <strong>de</strong> caractère terroriste ou<br />

délictuel, qu'il n'est pas possible<br />

<strong>de</strong> tolérer sur notre sol », a commenté<br />

M. Pasqua, après le<br />

conseiL Le. ministre a cité <strong>de</strong>s<br />

j<strong>et</strong>s d'engins incendiairés, le<br />

29 octobre contre la Banque du<br />

Bosphore, à <strong>Paris</strong> <strong>et</strong> à Londres,<br />

puis le 4 novembre contre le<br />

consulat <strong>de</strong> Turquie à Strasbour,_<br />

Il a rappelé la prise<br />

d'ot~ges du consulat <strong>de</strong> Turquie,<br />

le 9' aoat à Marseille, «plusieurs<br />

assâssinats ious forme <strong>de</strong> règle•.<br />

ments <strong>de</strong> compte en France»<br />

entre 1987 <strong>et</strong> 1992, ainsi que<br />

« l'enlèvement <strong>de</strong> quatre touristes<br />

français en Turquie, commenté<br />

<strong>de</strong> <strong>Paris</strong> par. !ln porte-parole du<br />

mouvement ». .<br />

Précisant que.« l'immense<br />

majorité» <strong>de</strong>s soixante mille<br />

Kur<strong>de</strong>s vivant en France n'aspirent<br />

qu'à s'inté$rer à la com-<br />

.munauté française, <strong>et</strong> qq'i1<br />

n'était pas question d'interdire<br />

les « ",ultiples associations<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s qui ont un obj<strong>et</strong> culturel<br />

». il a affirmé que les<br />

mesures prises « ne sont en<br />

aucune façon dirigées contre le:<br />

peuple kur<strong>de</strong> ».<br />

Le MRAP a aussitôt dénoncé'<br />

<strong>de</strong>s décisions arrêtées « sous le.<br />

prétexte <strong>de</strong> la chasse aux terroristes»<br />

<strong>et</strong> a appelé à tine man!-<br />

fe.t~tioit, jeudi soir 2 déëembre,<br />

<strong>de</strong> la République à la Bastille.<br />

SOS-Racisme a qualifié les dis-<br />

.solutions d'«actes graves portant<br />

atteinte à la liberté d'expression»<br />

<strong>et</strong> s'est inquiété « du risque<br />

<strong>de</strong> dérive qui rési<strong>de</strong> dans la<br />

confusidnentre la séclfrité néce$saire<br />

du territoire <strong>et</strong> la politique<br />

diplomatique <strong>de</strong> la France à<br />

l'égard <strong>de</strong> la Turquie »; Evo.<br />

quant une «forfaiture », Alain<br />

Krivine a déclaré, pour la LCR,<br />

que « MM. Balladur <strong>et</strong> Pasqùa<br />

(...) bafouent I~ droit /è plus élémentaire<br />

'd'hommes <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />

femmes qui ont da fuir les exac.<br />

t/ons du régime d'Ankara ».<br />

E.. In.


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA<br />

STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

le messale <strong>de</strong>s opérations « CluysantIJeme» <strong>et</strong> «Bouge-Bose »<br />

Avec les rafles <strong>de</strong> novembre, le ministre <strong>de</strong> j'intérieur, Charles Pasqua, lance<br />

un avertissement allX mouvements clan<strong>de</strong>stins installés dans l'Hexagone<br />

Les noms <strong>de</strong> co<strong>de</strong> policier <strong>de</strong>s<br />

coups <strong>de</strong> fil<strong>et</strong> réalisés contre les<br />

islamistes algériens, puis contre les<br />

Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> Turquie, étaient d'inspiration<br />

florale: l'opération «Chrysanthème»<br />

visant les islamistes, le<br />

9 novembre, avait été suivie par<br />

l'opération «Rouge-Rose », le<br />

18 novembre, contre les milieux<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s. Adressé aux mouvements<br />

clan<strong>de</strong>stins installés en France, le<br />

message <strong>de</strong> Charles Pasqua à l'issue<br />

<strong>de</strong> ces opérations m<strong>et</strong> en avant <strong>de</strong>s<br />

considérations policières, même si<br />

les motivations gouvernementales<br />

sont politiques <strong>et</strong> les arrière-pensées<br />

diplomatiques.<br />

Evaluées à l'aune policière, les<br />

rafles <strong>de</strong> novembre ont pourtant<br />

donné <strong>de</strong>s résultats contrastés. L'action<br />

dirigée contre les sympathisants<br />

du Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du<br />

Kurdistan (PKK) a conduit à l'incarcération<br />

<strong>de</strong> vingt Kur<strong>de</strong>s qui ont<br />

été mis en examen pour «association<br />

<strong>de</strong> malfaiteurs en relation avec<br />

une entreprise terroriste» <strong>et</strong><br />

«extorsion <strong>de</strong> fonds». Presque tous<br />

appartenaient à l'une <strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>ux<br />

associations dissoutes, comment<strong>et</strong>-on<br />

du côté <strong>de</strong>s enquêteurs: le<br />

Comité du Kurdistan <strong>et</strong> le Yekkom<br />

leur servaient <strong>de</strong> paravent; le premier,<br />

comme interface entre le<br />

PKK <strong>et</strong> les milieux politico-médiatiques;<br />

le second, pour faire fonctionner<br />

un vaste réseau d'extorsion<br />

<strong>de</strong> fonds prélevant 1'«impôt révolutionnaire»<br />

au profit du PKK, <strong>de</strong><br />

gré ou <strong>de</strong> force, dans la communauté<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>.<br />

La moisson <strong>de</strong> documents similaires<br />

saisis lors <strong>de</strong>s perquisitions<br />

'opérées dans une trentaine <strong>de</strong><br />

départements - <strong>de</strong>s listes <strong>de</strong> noms<br />

<strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s, commerçants ou parti-<br />

.culiers relativement aisés, avec <strong>de</strong>s<br />

sommes d'argent <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s dates en<br />

face <strong>de</strong> chaque nom, ainsi que <strong>de</strong>s<br />

récépissés <strong>de</strong> versement <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s<br />

talons <strong>de</strong> chèques - a renforcé c<strong>et</strong>te<br />

conviction, précise-t-on <strong>de</strong> même<br />

source.<br />

A Montpellier, une liste portant<br />

cinquante-<strong>de</strong>ux noms kur<strong>de</strong>s a<br />

ainsi été découverte. Au niveau<br />

central, dans l'appartement parisien<br />

<strong>de</strong> l'un <strong>de</strong>s responsables associatifs<br />

les plus influents <strong>de</strong> la communauté<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>, un document manuscrit<br />

récapitulant les sommes<br />

recueillies dans l'Hexagone <strong>de</strong> janvier<br />

à septembre - 5 millions <strong>de</strong><br />

francs à <strong>Paris</strong> <strong>et</strong> 2,2 millions en<br />

province - a été découvert. Des<br />

virements <strong>de</strong> fonds entre la France<br />

<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s associations kur<strong>de</strong>s en<br />

Europe, notamment en Allemagne,<br />

ont été relevés. 11restera à obtenir<br />

les témoignages <strong>de</strong>s «victimes»<br />

d'extorsions <strong>de</strong> fonds, opérées avec<br />

ou sans menaces physiques. Les<br />

Kur<strong>de</strong>s soumis au rack<strong>et</strong> s'y refusent<br />

généralement, comme l'attestent<br />

les instructions judiciaires<br />

engagées, à Rouen, à Strasbourg ou<br />

à <strong>Paris</strong>, contre d'autres militants<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s. Enfin, <strong>de</strong>s documents du<br />

PKK ont été trouvés chez .la plupart<br />

<strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s écroués, ainsi<br />

que - chez certains d'entre eux -<br />

<strong>de</strong>s échanges <strong>de</strong> correspondance<br />

avec <strong>de</strong>s chefs historiques <strong>de</strong> ce<br />

parti.<br />

Réseaux<br />

embryonnaires<br />

L'opération «Chrysanthème»<br />

s'était soldée par un bilan moins<br />

éloquent. Les informations collectées<br />

lors <strong>de</strong>s perquisitions ont<br />

certes permis aux services <strong>de</strong> renseignement<br />

- la Direction <strong>de</strong> la<br />

surveillance du territoire (DST) <strong>et</strong><br />

les Renseignements généraux (RG)<br />

- <strong>de</strong> préciser leur connaissance <strong>de</strong>s<br />

milieux favorables au FIS. 11s'agissait<br />

en particulier .<strong>de</strong> son<strong>de</strong>r l'importance<br />

prise, en leur sein, par<br />

ceux qui seraient étroitement liés<br />

aux «militaires» du mouvement.<br />

Des éléments concr<strong>et</strong>s - télécopies<br />

ou courriers - prouvant le rôle<br />

<strong>de</strong> courroie <strong>de</strong> transmission joué<br />

par la Fraternité algérienne en<br />

France (FAF) auprès <strong>de</strong>s instances<br />

dirigeantes du FIS à l'étranger ont<br />

bien été réunis. Mais trois personnes<br />

seulement ont été écrouées,<br />

<strong>et</strong> huit assignées à rési<strong>de</strong>nce.<br />

Conclusion : les réseaux proches du<br />

FIS n'existent guère qu'à l'état<br />

embryonnaire dans l'Hexagone.<br />

Seule la découverte <strong>de</strong> composants<br />

électroniques pouvant perm<strong>et</strong>tre le<br />

déclenchement d'explosifs à distance,<br />

dans un appartement d'Orléaps,<br />

a pu donner un début <strong>de</strong><br />

consistance à l'hypothèse d'une<br />

ai<strong>de</strong> logistique au noyau «militaire»<br />

<strong>de</strong>s Algériens. Tout cela<br />

explique que la FAF n'a pas été<br />

dissoute, pour l'heure, même si ses<br />

principaux acteurs sont désormais<br />

sous haute surveillance policière.<br />

S'appuyant sur ces <strong>de</strong>ux opérations<br />

policières au bilan nuancé,<br />

M. Pasqua a surtout voulu adresser<br />

un « message» aux groupes clan<strong>de</strong>stins<br />

installés dans l'Hexagone. Si<br />

le ministre ne les a pas cités, on<br />

peut considérer que le coup <strong>de</strong><br />

semonce s'adressait notamment<br />

aux Basques d'ET A, aux Moudjahidins<br />

du peuple iraniens, aux<br />

Tamouls sri-lankais <strong>et</strong> aux Sikhs<br />

indiens: « La France n'acceptera<br />

pas, quelles que soient les motivations<br />

ou les idéologies, que soit installée<br />

sur son sol une quelconque<br />

organisation qui ne respecterait pas<br />

les lois <strong>de</strong> la République ou qui se<br />

livrerait à <strong>de</strong>s activités <strong>de</strong> nature<br />

terroriste ou délic/uelle, a asséné<br />

M. Pasqua, mardi 30 novembre.<br />

Elle n'acceptera pas que <strong>de</strong>s organisations<br />

puissent entreprendre, à partir<br />

<strong>de</strong> son sol national, <strong>de</strong>s actions<br />

terroristes ou délictuelles contre<br />

d'autres Etats.»<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>», dont «chacun sait tes souf<br />

fiances <strong>et</strong> les difficultés ~~.<br />

Prise quatre jours après l'interdiction<br />

du PKK <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> ses satellites<br />

en Allemagne, la décision française<br />

n'en apparaît pas moins comme le<br />

fruit <strong>de</strong> la campagne diplomatique<br />

lancée par la Turquie en Europe (le<br />

Mon<strong>de</strong> daté 28-29 novembre). Réunis<br />

lundi 29 novembre à Bruxelles,<br />

les ministres <strong>de</strong> la police <strong>de</strong>s<br />

Douze ont d'ailleurs évoqué les<br />

affaires <strong>de</strong> terrorisme en Europe,<br />

lors d'une séance à huis clos du<br />

conseil <strong>de</strong>s affaires intérieures.<br />

<strong>Paris</strong> « n 'a pas /'intention <strong>de</strong> prendre<br />

parti dans les conflits qui peuvent<br />

opposer un certain nombre <strong>de</strong><br />

mouvements kur<strong>de</strong>s aux gouvernement<br />

<strong>de</strong>s Etats qui sont concernés »,<br />

a indiqué M. Pasqua, au moment<br />

où l'aviation turque bombardait<br />

<strong>de</strong>s positions kur<strong>de</strong>s en Turquie <strong>et</strong><br />

en Irak.<br />

C<strong>et</strong>te ferm<strong>et</strong>é gouvernementale<br />

risque en tout cas d'aviver les<br />

menaces terroristes contre <strong>de</strong>s ressortissants<br />

ou <strong>de</strong>s intérêts français.<br />

Du côté islamiste, les risques d'attentats<br />

sont 'd'abord évi<strong>de</strong>nts sur le<br />

territoire algérien. Du côté kur<strong>de</strong>,<br />

les spécialistes français <strong>de</strong> la lutte<br />

antiterroriste ont observé avec<br />

inquiétu<strong>de</strong> la simultanéité <strong>de</strong>s<br />

attentats commis ces <strong>de</strong>rniers<br />

mois - en France <strong>et</strong> en Angl<strong>et</strong>erre,<br />

Politiquement, Charles Pasqua<br />

fait le pari d'un soutien populaire à<br />

une stratégie <strong>de</strong> ferm<strong>et</strong>é contre les<br />

étrangers qui ne respectaient pas - en Suisse <strong>et</strong> au Danemark - contre<br />

la police le savait <strong>de</strong>puis <strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>s intérêts turcs (<strong>de</strong>s locaux<br />

années - les lois républicaines. Au consulaires ou <strong>de</strong>s agences bancaires);<br />

c<strong>et</strong>te capacité d'actions à<br />

risque, bien sûr, <strong>de</strong> raviver les<br />

réflexes xénophobes <strong>de</strong> ceux qui caractère militaire inquiète d'autant<br />

sont prompts aux amalgames communautaires.<br />

Le ministre prend més à la dure loi du marxisme-léni-<br />

plus qu'elle émane <strong>de</strong> militants for-<br />

pourtant soin <strong>de</strong> justifier son action nisme <strong>de</strong> guerre. Or, les menaces<br />

contre le PKK en soulignant « la du PKK ont déjà été exprimées<br />

pression constante accompagnée après l'interdiction prononcée en<br />

d'utilisation <strong>de</strong> moyens qui confinent<br />

à la terreur pour extorquer <strong>de</strong>s le Front <strong>de</strong> libération nationale du<br />

Allemagne: sa branche politique -<br />

fonds à la communauté kur<strong>de</strong> [qui Kurdistan - avait alors annoncé<br />

a] le droit <strong>de</strong> vivre en liberté <strong>et</strong> en que «l'Allemagne <strong>et</strong> les intérêts allemands<br />

[allaient] attirer la colère du<br />

sécurité sur notre territoire, sous la<br />

protection <strong>de</strong> nos lo;s». M. Pasqua peuple kur<strong>de</strong>», dans un communiqué<br />

diffusé vendredi 26 novembre<br />

parie aussi sur la démobilisation<br />

d'une gauche française, qui pouvait à <strong>Paris</strong> par le Comité du Kurdistan.<br />

Si <strong>de</strong>s menaces <strong>de</strong>vaient viser<br />

difficilement manifester <strong>de</strong> la sympathie<br />

pour <strong>de</strong>s islamistes partisans la France, elles ne passeraient plus<br />

du FIS, mais pourrait se montrer par le truchement <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te organisation,<br />

puisque le Comité du Kur-<br />

plus solidaire avec les opprimés du<br />

Kurdistan. 11a donc précisé que les distan est à présent dissous.<br />

dissolutions n'étaient « en aucune<br />

ERICH INCIYAN<br />

façon dirigées contre le peuple<br />

27


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

La Croix - 3 décembre 1993<br />

Turquie<br />

L'offensive tous azimuts d'Ankara<br />

DeS militaires<br />

s'opposent sur<br />

.la stratégie. <strong>de</strong><br />

lutte anti-kur<strong>de</strong><br />

ISTAMIUL<br />

CORRESPONDANCE<br />

PARTICULIÈRE<br />

Nouvelle marque <strong>de</strong> l'offensive<br />

menée par Ankara<br />

contre la guérilla<br />

autonomiste du Parti <strong>de</strong>S tra-,<br />

.vailleurs du Kurdistan (PKK),:<br />

l'armée turque a bombardé<br />

mardi <strong>de</strong>s positions du PKK au<br />

nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak. Neuf camps rebelles<br />

auraient été visés. Les<br />

lea<strong>de</strong>rs kur<strong>de</strong>s irakiens, Djalal :<br />

Talabani <strong>et</strong> Massoud Barzani,<br />

.qui contrôlent le Nord irakien<br />

au détriment <strong>de</strong> Bagdad, <strong>et</strong> qui .<br />

mènent une politique plutôt<br />

conciliante à l'égard <strong>de</strong> la turquie,<br />

ont c<strong>et</strong>te fois critiqué<br />

l'opération, rappelant que <strong>de</strong><br />

telles attaques avaient tué <strong>de</strong><br />

nombreux civils, dans le passé.<br />

Ankara semble aujourd'hui<br />

faire feu <strong>de</strong> tout bois dans sa<br />

lutte contre la guérilla Sur le<br />

plan diplomatique, le premier .<br />

ministre Tansu Ciller a enregistré<br />

avec satisfaction l'interdiction<br />

du PKK en Allemagne, le<br />

26 novembre, <strong>et</strong> celle du Comité<br />

du Kurdistan, en France, le<br />

30 novembre. A l'intérieur, elle<br />

recevait la semaine <strong>de</strong>rnière les<br />

chefs <strong>de</strong>s douze principales familles<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s du sud-est du<br />

pays, souvent opposéS au PKK<br />

marxisant qui tente <strong>de</strong> détruire<br />

les structures « féodales» <strong>de</strong> la<br />

société traditionnelle.<br />

Trois morts<br />

suspectes<br />

Ces chefs <strong>de</strong> clan, clé <strong>de</strong> voûte<br />

du système <strong>de</strong> milicesvillageoises<br />

antiguérilla installé par<br />

l'ancjen premier ministre Tur.<br />

gut Ozal en 1986, ont réclamé<br />

plus d'argent, <strong>de</strong>s armeslour<strong>de</strong>s;<br />

<strong>et</strong> un libre accès au com-<br />

fédération. Les grévistes <strong>de</strong>.<br />

la faim enten<strong>de</strong>nt protester<br />

contre la dissolution <strong>de</strong> leur<br />

association " qui. existe pacilimerce<br />

frontalier .. Ils revendiquent<br />

ains~\ID rôie lÙH1S l'~t.at<br />

qui leur avait été coirlisqué lors<br />

<strong>de</strong> l'établissement <strong>de</strong> la République<br />

en 1923,<br />

. L'offensive d'Ankara est<br />

auSsi militaire. L'armée a affirmé<br />

qu'elle ne se perm<strong>et</strong>trait.<br />

. pas <strong>de</strong> pause hivernale, pour ne<br />

pas laisser au PKK le temps <strong>de</strong><br />

récupérer, Le gouvernement a .<br />

en outre décidé d'envoyer courant<br />

décembre dans le Sud-Est<br />

environ 2000 hommes <strong>de</strong>s « forces<br />

spéciales», ces unités civiles<br />

<strong>de</strong> lutte anti-guérilla. Un premier<br />

contingent <strong>de</strong> 2000 personnes<br />

est déjà sur place. Ces<br />

forces <strong>de</strong>vraient être portées à<br />

7000 en mars puis 10000 durant<br />

l'été 1994. Un millier <strong>de</strong><br />

ces volontaires, dont la<br />

moyenne d'âge ne dépasse pas<br />

24 ans, sont à l'heure actuelle<br />

entraînés près d'Izmir par un<br />

officier à la r<strong>et</strong>raite.<br />

.Ce rôle acèru <strong>de</strong>s civils provoque<br />

toutefois<br />

<strong>de</strong> vives tensions<br />

au seiri<strong>de</strong> l'armée. Melih Aktàs,<br />

spécialiste <strong>de</strong>s questions <strong>de</strong> terrorisme<br />

<strong>et</strong> enseignant à l'université<br />

Gazi d'Ankara, pense<br />

qu'il y a un lien entre trois<br />

morts récentes <strong>et</strong> suspectes<br />

d'officiers: l'assassinat en octobre<br />

<strong>de</strong> Cem Ersever, capitaine<br />

<strong>de</strong> gendarmerie à la r<strong>et</strong>raite <strong>et</strong> .<br />

qui avait organisé les services<br />

<strong>de</strong> renseignement dans le Sud-<br />

Est; le décès dans un acci<strong>de</strong>nt<br />

d'aVion du général Esr<strong>et</strong> Bitlis,<br />

commandant général <strong>de</strong> la gendarmerie<br />

en Turquie en janvier<br />

<strong>de</strong>rnier; <strong>et</strong>.la ~()rt par « balle<br />

'acci<strong>de</strong>Î1b~lle->;;SëJönles mots du .<br />

prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong> la République Suleiman<br />

Demirel, du généraI <strong>de</strong> .<br />

briga<strong>de</strong> Bahtiyar Aydin en 0ctobre,<br />

dans la ville <strong>de</strong> Lice. Les<br />

trois hommes étaient connus<br />

polir être <strong>de</strong>s partisans d'une<br />

solution dure <strong>et</strong> entièrement<br />

;tnilitaire. Aucun comm~qué<br />

<strong>de</strong> .oondoléances ne fut publié<br />

par l'armée après la n;tort <strong>de</strong><br />

'CemErsever, un ~sassmat re-<br />

vendiqué certes par le PKK<br />

mais aussi par <strong>de</strong>s mystérieuses<br />

. « Briga<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> vengeance»,<br />

Clau<strong>de</strong> ORTACQ<br />

Soldats turcs. L'armée ne se perm<strong>et</strong>tra pas <strong>de</strong> pause hiver-.<br />

nale d~ sa.lutte contre les Kur<strong>de</strong>s. (photo,Hurriy<strong>et</strong>IAFP.;<br />

0:l<br />

0)<br />

~ Strasbourg: grève <strong>de</strong> la fam<br />

~ Une douzaine <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> q,'ëment <strong>de</strong>puis 1983à Stras-<br />

~ Turquie observent une grève ..boorg <strong>et</strong> est en relation cons-<br />

. ~ <strong>de</strong> la laim à Strasbourg <strong>de</strong>- .tal1teav.ec les institutions.<br />

Cl puis samedi pour protester ..sociales <strong>et</strong> administratives <strong>de</strong><br />

'\:1) contre la dissolution d'asso-. la région ", a déclaré à la.<br />

~ ciations kur<strong>de</strong>s en France, presse Huseyin Elmali, reprét-...<br />

ont. annoncé lundi <strong>de</strong>s res- sentant <strong>de</strong> l'association el<br />

I ponsables <strong>de</strong> l'Association: -.rriembre <strong>de</strong> la Commission<br />

~ <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du Kurdistan,. consùltative <strong>de</strong>s étranger:; <strong>de</strong><br />

Ö une <strong>de</strong>s organisations dissou- : la ville <strong>de</strong> Strasbourg. les .<br />

~ .tes. Deux décr<strong>et</strong>s ont été militants kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>nt<br />

~ 'publiés vendredi au Journal. également la libératiori •.im-<br />

~ officiel portant sur la dissolu- : médiate <strong>de</strong>s 20 Kur<strong>de</strong>s. action<br />

du Comité du Kurdistan, .. tuellement détenus en Frànce.<br />

<strong>de</strong> la Fédératiol\cles associa- après la ralle opérée le 18<br />

tions culturelles du Kurdistan novembre dans toute la<br />

<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s sept associations re-. France. .<br />

groupées. par c<strong>et</strong>te même<br />

L'Alsace compte environ 700à.<br />

Kur<strong>de</strong>s sur une population<br />

estimée en France à près <strong>de</strong><br />

80000.<br />

28


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />

Saddam Hussein, Prix Nobel?<br />

SuIDt-il que le temps passe pour qu'un dictateur <strong>de</strong>rienne respectable?<br />

Depuis peu, en Europe, les<br />

lobbies pro-Saddam Hussein refont'surface,<br />

L-<strong>et</strong>emps est venu<br />

- nous chuchote-t-on - <strong>de</strong><br />

.. tourner la page " <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> .. normaliser<br />

.. les relations avec Bag-<br />

PAR PATRICK<br />

WAJSMAN<br />

dad. C<strong>et</strong>te campagne coïnci<strong>de</strong>,<br />

on s'en serait douté, avec une<br />

vigoureuse offensive diplomatique<br />

irakienne <strong>de</strong>stinée à obtenir<br />

la levée <strong>de</strong> l'embargo pétrolier<br />

décrété par l'ONU en 1990.<br />

Sans doute est-ce can<strong>de</strong>ur<br />

<strong>de</strong> ma part, mais je ne vois pas<br />

très bien pourquoi il est à ce<br />

point vital <strong>de</strong> .. tourner la<br />

page ,,; ni pourquoi il serait plus<br />

urgent d'ai<strong>de</strong>r Saddam que les<br />

Bosniaques ! Mais passons ...<br />

. C<strong>et</strong>te complaisance irako-<br />

'pilile 'est d'~utant plus cho-<br />

.quante qu'elle se manifesIe au<br />

'TIoment même où "ONU publie<br />

les résultats d'une enquête accablante<br />

pour le dictateur irakien.<br />

Le rapporteur spécial auprès<br />

<strong>de</strong> la Commission <strong>de</strong>s<br />

droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme <strong>de</strong>s Nations<br />

unies, Max Van <strong>de</strong>r Stoel, vient<br />

en eff<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> dénoncer les pratiques<br />

barbares auxquelles se<br />

fivrent les troupes <strong>de</strong> Saddam<br />

Hussein contre les habitants du<br />

sud <strong>de</strong> l'Irak: pilonnage <strong>de</strong> ci-<br />

,vils à l'artillerie lour<strong>de</strong>; <strong>de</strong>struction<br />

<strong>de</strong> plus <strong>de</strong> 200 villages;<br />

transferts <strong>de</strong> populations; assèchement<br />

systématique <strong>de</strong>s<br />

marais afin <strong>de</strong> vi<strong>de</strong>r la zone <strong>de</strong><br />

toute présence humaihe ...<br />

. Bref, pour m<strong>et</strong>tre en coupe<br />

réglée un territoire qui est <strong>de</strong>venu<br />

le symbole <strong>de</strong> l'insoumission<br />

à son pouvoir tyrannique,<br />

Saddam n'hésite pas à transformer<br />

en désert une région qui<br />

abrite les héritiers <strong>de</strong> l'une <strong>de</strong>s<br />

plus anciennes civilisations <strong>de</strong><br />

la planète.<br />

Ajoutez à cela la reprise<br />

<strong>de</strong>s exécutions <strong>de</strong> masse dans<br />

plusieurs prisons <strong>de</strong> Bagdad,<br />

la manipulation <strong>de</strong> la. distribution<br />

<strong>de</strong>s vivres <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s. médicaments<br />

(tout pour les .. gentils ",<br />

rien pour les opposants ... ), les<br />

arrestations arbitraires, la découverte<br />

<strong>de</strong> charniers, <strong>et</strong> vous<br />

aurez un panorama assez fidèle<br />

<strong>de</strong>s .. progrès " accomplis<br />

par le nouveau Nabuchodonosor<br />

sur la voie <strong>de</strong> la démocratie<br />

...<br />

Le passé <strong>de</strong> Saddam Hussein<br />

n'est pas beaucoup plus<br />

brillant. En l'espace <strong>de</strong><br />

quelques années - <strong>et</strong> avec <strong>de</strong>s<br />

résultats variables, il est vrai -,<br />

ce parfait gentleman a attaqué<br />

l'Iran; annexé le Koweït; déclaré<br />

la guerre sainte à "Arabie<br />

Saoudite; pris <strong>de</strong>s milliers<br />

d'Occi<strong>de</strong>ntaux innocents en<br />

otages; massacré les Kur<strong>de</strong>s à<br />

l'arme chimique; expédié <strong>de</strong>s'<br />

Scud sut.lJQ,pays (lsraêl) qui ne<br />

l'affront~it pas; mis en place.<br />

en Irak, un système policier<br />

digne <strong>de</strong> la Russie stalinienne;<br />

fomenté 'üri 'complot contre la<br />

vie <strong>de</strong> George Bush ; <strong>et</strong> entr<strong>et</strong>enu<br />

généreusement les<br />

.. stars " du terrorisme international.<br />

Pourquoi diable faudrait-'<br />

il tendre une perche à c<strong>et</strong><br />

homme-là?<br />

Et pourtant, <strong>de</strong> plus en plus<br />

nombreuses sont les voix qui,<br />

s'élèvent aujourd'hui pour plai<strong>de</strong>r<br />

la cause <strong>de</strong> Saddam sous le<br />

prétexte qu'il a tinalement.<br />

consenti à accepter (ou feint<br />

d'accepter) un mécanisme <strong>de</strong><br />

contrôle, par "ONU, du désarmement<br />

irakien. Nous vivons,<br />

décidément, dans un mon<strong>de</strong><br />

étrange - un mon<strong>de</strong> où la<br />

moindre concession cosmétique<br />

d'un Milosevic, d'un Kadhafi ou<br />

d'un Saddam Hussein est célébrée<br />

avec plus d'empressement<br />

que la résistance héroïque <strong>de</strong><br />

ceux qu'ils oppriment.<br />

Mais, après tout, il n'est plll'l<br />

interdit <strong>de</strong> répondre ...<br />

Si l'on vous dit qu'il ne sert<br />

à rien d'humilier plus longtemps<br />

Saddam <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> le transformer en<br />

.. martyr ", répon<strong>de</strong>z que le refrain<br />

est connu. A la veille <strong>de</strong> la<br />

guerre du Golfe, on nous le fredonnait<br />

<strong>de</strong>ja. Si l'on ava.t sui~1<br />

ce généreux conseil, i<br />

l'époque, la soldatesque <strong>de</strong>,<br />

Saddam, au moment où j'écris<br />

ces ligne's, camperait sur les<br />

rives du détroit d'Ormuz. Quant<br />

aux dirigeants irakiens, ils possé<strong>de</strong>raient<br />

prob'ablement<br />

l'arme atomique ...<br />

Confort ou liberté?<br />

Si l'on vous dit que, faute <strong>de</strong><br />

revenus pétroliers, le peuple<br />

irakien subit les pires souffrances,<br />

répon<strong>de</strong>z : 1°) que la<br />

levée <strong>de</strong>s sanctions accroîtrait<br />

l,a marge <strong>de</strong> manœuvre <strong>de</strong> Sad-<br />

',dam <strong>et</strong> lui donnerait les moyens<br />

d'écraser, plus durement encore,<br />

tous ceux qui lui résis-<br />

,1ent ; 2°) que ce n'est pas au<br />

moment où les sanctions révè-<br />

.lent leur efficacité (ce que<br />

prouve l'actuelle offensive diplomatique<br />

<strong>de</strong> Bagdad) qu'il<br />

laut les supprimer.<br />

Si l'on vous dit que Sadd am<br />

.Hussein a au moins le mérite <strong>de</strong><br />

!maintenir une certaine .. stabi-<br />

,ité .. en Irak, répon<strong>de</strong>z qu'un<br />

'ordre stable ne peut être durablement<br />

bâti sur l'injustice. L'Est<br />

européen, sous la botte du<br />

Kremlin, a été .. stable" ; puis il<br />

s'est révolté: viendrait-il à l'idée<br />

<strong>de</strong> quiconque <strong>de</strong> verser <strong>de</strong>s<br />

pleurs sur c<strong>et</strong>te stabilité<br />

perdue?<br />

Si l'on vous dit qu'il est injuste<br />

<strong>de</strong> pratiquer une politique<br />

du .. <strong>de</strong>ux po.ida, 4eUX mesures"<br />

(sanctfbnner. Saddam<br />

tout en épargnant tel 8tJtre <strong>de</strong>spote<br />

agressif), répon<strong>de</strong>z que la<br />

remarque est parfaitement fon-'<br />

dée ; mais ajoutez aussitôt que<br />

la bonne attitu<strong>de</strong> conSisterait à<br />

châtier tous les coupables ... <strong>et</strong><br />

non aucun! L'ennui, c'est que<br />

les procureurs du .. <strong>de</strong>ux poids,<br />

<strong>de</strong>ux mesures " proposent, généralement,<br />

<strong>de</strong> fermer les yeux<br />

sur toutes les agressions <strong>et</strong><br />

toutes les injustices. Celles <strong>de</strong><br />

Saddam Hussein comme celles<br />

<strong>de</strong> seS cumrères eri barbarie.<br />

Si l'on vous dit que le vrai<br />

péril régional, en c<strong>et</strong>te fin d'année<br />

1993, est l'Iran <strong>et</strong> que seul<br />

un Irak .. réhabilité ", réintégré<br />

dans la communauté internationale,<br />

pourrait endiguer c<strong>et</strong>te<br />

nouvelle menace, répon<strong>de</strong>z:<br />

- que vous ne sous-estimez<br />

pas l'effort gigantesque <strong>de</strong> réar<br />

mement qu'accomplissent les<br />

mollahs iraniens dans le domaine<br />

conventionnel <strong>et</strong> nuc1éaire;<br />

- mais que, pour constituer<br />

un contrepoids valable à l'Iran, it<br />

faudrait que l'Irak re<strong>de</strong>vienne<br />

une superpuissance militaire. 01<br />

si un tel r<strong>et</strong>our en force se pro.<br />

duisait, il y a fort à parier que<br />

Saddam n'attendrait pas longtemps<br />

avant <strong>de</strong> prendre sa revanche<br />

sur les monarchies pétrolières<br />

du Golfe. On se<br />

r<strong>et</strong>rouverait au point <strong>de</strong> départ !<br />

La seule,bonne politique. est<br />

donc celle <strong>de</strong> la " double opposition<br />

" : à Téhéran <strong>et</strong> à Bagdad.<br />

Si l'on vous dit, enfin, que<br />

l'Irak n'est pas un champ <strong>de</strong><br />

b<strong>et</strong>teraves <strong>et</strong> que" le business<br />

a ses raisons que le cœur ne<br />

doit pas connaître ", répon<strong>de</strong>z<br />

par c<strong>et</strong>te belle phrase <strong>de</strong> Sommers<strong>et</strong><br />

Maugham: .. Toute nation<br />

qui place quoi que ce soit<br />

au-<strong>de</strong>ssus <strong>de</strong> la liberté perdra<br />

la liberté .. <strong>et</strong> toute nation qui<br />

place le confort <strong>et</strong> l'argent au<strong>de</strong>ssus<br />

<strong>de</strong> la liberté perdra<br />

aussi le confort <strong>et</strong> l'argent. "<br />

Que "on se rassure : je neme<br />

fais point d'illusions <strong>et</strong> sais<br />

parfaitement que, dans un futur<br />

assez proche, l'embargo qui<br />

pèse sur l'Irak sera levé.<br />

Moyennant une ou <strong>de</strong>ux<br />

concessions en trompe-l'œil,<br />

Saddam Hussein re<strong>de</strong>viendra<br />

progressivement fréquentable,<br />

voire respectable. On le prendra<br />

<strong>de</strong> nouveau en photo, tapotant<br />

la joue <strong>de</strong>s p<strong>et</strong>ites filles à<br />

la sortie <strong>de</strong>s écoles ou faisant<br />

la leçon aux démocraties <strong>de</strong>puis<br />

la tribune. <strong>de</strong> l'ONU. La<br />

boucle sera bouclée. P. W.<br />

BFSETZUNG VON KURDENVEREIN<br />

IN ~URG-HARBURG FRIEDUCH BEENDET<br />

Eine Bes<strong>et</strong>zungsaktion kurdischer Demonstranten im Gebäu<strong>de</strong><br />

<strong>de</strong>s kurdischen Kulturvereins im Hamburger Stadtteil Harburg<br />

ist in <strong>de</strong>r Nacht zum Freitag friedlich been<strong>de</strong>t wor<strong>de</strong>n. Wie ein<br />

Polizeisprecher mitteilte, räumten die 62 Bes<strong>et</strong>zer nach intensiven<br />

Verhandlungen mit Vertr<strong>et</strong>ern <strong>de</strong>r SPD, <strong>de</strong>r Grünen/GAL,<br />

<strong>de</strong>r Kirche und <strong>de</strong>r Polizei schließlich bis gegen 2 Uhr das<br />

Gebäu<strong>de</strong>. Sie begaben sich in einen nahegelegenen kirchlichen<br />

Versammlungsraum. Die Kur<strong>de</strong>n waren laut Polizei am<br />

Donnerstag abend in das Gebäu<strong>de</strong> eingedrungen, nach<strong>de</strong>m<br />

zuvor eine pro-kurdische Demonstration in <strong>de</strong>r Hamburger<br />

Innenstadt von <strong>de</strong>r Polizei aufgelöst wor<strong>de</strong>n war. An <strong>de</strong>r<br />

Demonstration gegen das Verbot <strong>de</strong>r Arbeiterpartei Kurdistans<br />

(PKK) in Deulàéliland hatten sich élen Angaben zufolge <strong>et</strong>wa<br />

2000 Menschen b<strong>et</strong>eiligt.<br />

Nach <strong>de</strong>r Demonstration versammelten sich rund hun<strong>de</strong>rt<br />

Personen vor <strong>de</strong>m Gebäu<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>s Kulturvereins in Harburg. Die<br />

Polizei versuchte nach eigenen Angaben mit Schlagstock-Einsatz,<br />

die Bes<strong>et</strong>zung zu verhin<strong>de</strong>rn, mußte sich aber schließlich<br />

zurückziehen. Bei <strong>de</strong>n Auseinan<strong>de</strong>rs<strong>et</strong>zungen hätten die<br />

Demonstranten die Polizei mit Steinen, Ästen und Knüppeln<br />

angegriffen. Eine Polizistin sei verl<strong>et</strong>zt ins Krankenhaus<br />

eingeliefert wor<strong>de</strong>n. Rund siebzig Personen seien im Verlauf<br />

.<strong>de</strong>r Konfrontationen festgenommen wor<strong>de</strong>n.<br />

Der kurdische Kulturverein in Hamburg-Harburg war bereits<br />

nach <strong>de</strong>m Verbot <strong>de</strong>r PKK am Freitag vorübergehend bes<strong>et</strong>zt<br />

wor<strong>de</strong>n. Auch diese Bes<strong>et</strong>zung hatte friedlich geen<strong>de</strong>t.<br />

29


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

Le Courrier - 3 (lé(~elllhre 1Y~);3<br />

SOLIDARITÉ<br />

Les défenseurs <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong><br />

l'homme sont aussi réprimés<br />

Hier à Genève, <strong>de</strong>ux Turcs ont témoigné sur les arrestations arbitraires, les<br />

meurtres Ou la torture organisés par le nouveau Gouvernement turc.<br />

Fin 1991, le nouveau Gouvernement<br />

turc s'était engagé à com-<br />

. battre les violations <strong>de</strong>s droits<br />

<strong>de</strong> l'homme. Il semblerait<br />

pourtant que <strong>de</strong>puis <strong>de</strong>ux ans<br />

la police turque aurait intensifié sa<br />

répression <strong>et</strong> s'en prendrait également<br />

aux défenseurs <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme.<br />

Hier à Genève, <strong>de</strong>ux responsables <strong>de</strong><br />

l'Association <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme <strong>de</strong><br />

Turquie (IHD) sont venus apporter <strong>de</strong><br />

nouveaux témoignages sur les métho<strong>de</strong>s<br />

<strong>de</strong> la police turque. Akin Birdal,<br />

prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong> l'IHD <strong>et</strong> Ercan Kanar,<br />

vice-prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong> la même association<br />

<strong>et</strong> prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong> sa section d'Istanbul,<br />

étaient en eff<strong>et</strong> invités par la Ligue<br />

suisse <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme, Amnesty<br />

International, le Centre Europ<strong>et</strong>iers-mon<strong>de</strong><br />

(CETIM) <strong>et</strong> l'Association<br />

pour la prévention <strong>de</strong> la torture.<br />

Akin Birdal dresse un macabre bilan<br />

<strong>de</strong>s activités du nouveau Gouvernement.<br />

Ainsi, 17 perSonnes auraient<br />

disparu en gar<strong>de</strong> à vue, plus <strong>de</strong> 250<br />

seraient mortes lors d'arrestations <strong>et</strong><br />

29 pendant la répression <strong>de</strong> manifestations<br />

pacifiques. Selon lui, la torture<br />

est quotidiennement utilisée <strong>et</strong> 22 personnes<br />

en sont mortes. La presse est<br />

également dans le collimateur <strong>de</strong>s autorités<br />

puisque 13journalistes <strong>et</strong> 4 distributeurs<br />

<strong>de</strong> journaux auraient été<br />

assassinés. Quant au total <strong>de</strong>s<br />

condamnations prononcées contre les<br />

journalistes, il se monterait à une<br />

peine <strong>de</strong> 222 ans <strong>de</strong> prison.<br />

Les membres d'associations <strong>de</strong> défense<br />

<strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme ne sont<br />

pas à l'abri <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te répression. Tout<br />

récemment d'ailleurs, la section <strong>de</strong><br />

l'IHD d'Istanbul.s'est vue poursuivie<br />

en justice par le procureur <strong>de</strong> la région.<br />

Son crime était d'avoir organisé une<br />

réunion sur le thème <strong>de</strong> la question<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>. C<strong>et</strong>te section risque donc <strong>de</strong><br />

<strong>de</strong>voir fermer ses portes le 7 décem bre,<br />

date du verdict. «Au cours <strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>ux<br />

<strong>de</strong>rnières années, 40 sections <strong>de</strong> l'IHD<br />

ont été fermées, raconte Ercan Kanar.<br />

Pourtant, elles s'étaient créées conformément<br />

aux lois <strong>et</strong> avaient <strong>de</strong>s activités<br />

culturelles.» Depuis plusieurs années,<br />

l'IHD a subi d'innombrables<br />

procès, cinq <strong>de</strong> ses dirigeants ont été<br />

assassinés <strong>et</strong> IO<strong>de</strong> ses avocats sont en<br />

prison. Quant au quotidien, il est com-<br />

La répression s'abat également<br />

sur les responsables <strong>de</strong> droits <strong>de</strong><br />

l'homme •.AP.<br />

posé <strong>de</strong> perquisitions sans mandats,<br />

d'interdictions multiples ou d'arresta- .<br />

tions arbitraires.<br />

NOUVELLES LOIS<br />

Un paqu<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> lois censé favoriser la<br />

lùtte contre le terrorisme, qui <strong>de</strong>vra<br />

être voté par le Parlement la semaine<br />

prochaine, menace encore plus dure-.<br />

ment l'avenir <strong>de</strong>s défenseurs <strong>de</strong>s droits.<br />

<strong>de</strong> l'homme. Ercan Kanar explique<br />

que ces lois n'ont pas été concoctées<br />

par <strong>de</strong>s juristes, mais par <strong>de</strong>s généraux ..<br />

Et si elles entrent en vigueur, «Iesjournaux<br />

qui écrivent contre le Gouverne-'<br />

ment seront interdits pendant une année.<br />

Les personnes qui dénoncent les<br />

violations <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme à<br />

l'étranger auront une peine <strong>de</strong> 3 à 6 ans<br />

à leur r<strong>et</strong>our en Turquie. Et les pouvoirs<br />

extraordinaires accordés au gouverneur<br />

<strong>de</strong> la province kur<strong>de</strong> seront<br />

étendus à tous les gouverneurs.»<br />

LE PROBLÈME KURDE<br />

Les <strong>de</strong>ux prési<strong>de</strong>nts <strong>de</strong> l'IHD n'oublient<br />

pas <strong>de</strong> rappeler le problème<br />

kur<strong>de</strong> (eux-mêmes ne sont pas <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te<br />

nation). «Depuis dix anß, il n'y a pas<br />

<strong>de</strong> reconnaissance <strong>de</strong> ce peuple, qui ne<br />

jouit d'aucun droit démocratique. Les<br />

Kur<strong>de</strong>s se mobilisent donc pour leurs<br />

droits <strong>et</strong> le Gouvernement répond par<br />

la répression», explique Akin Birdal.<br />

Florian Rochat, membre du CETIM,<br />

rappelle que ce peuple subit une violente<br />

offensive <strong>de</strong>puis .Ie printemps,<br />

«avec l'accord <strong>de</strong> l'Occi<strong>de</strong>nt qui voit<br />

dans la Turquie <strong>de</strong> nouveaux marchés.<br />

Ce qui se passe en France <strong>et</strong> .en Allemagne<br />

contre les mouvements kur<strong>de</strong>s.<br />

est très grave. Ce sont les associations<br />

du tiers-mon<strong>de</strong> qui sont visées, dans le<br />

but d'atomiser l'immigration.»<br />

DENIS INKEI<br />

30


REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ~RNISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASlN ÖZETÎ<br />

Turkey & Iran<br />

agree on terror<br />

The si<strong>de</strong>s agree to send observers to each<br />

others' 'search and <strong>de</strong>stroy' operations<br />

Turkish<br />

Daily News<br />

ANKARA- Turkey and Iran on Thursday finished security<br />

talks in Ankara by concluding a memorandum of un<strong>de</strong>rstanding<br />

laying down the gui<strong>de</strong>lines for cooperation against<br />

terrorism by both countries. '<br />

The memorandum is said to be specifically<br />

militants of the outlawed Kurdistan Workers'<br />

aimed at the<br />

Party (PKK)<br />

on the Turkish si<strong>de</strong> and the activities of the Democratic<br />

Kurdistan Party of Irait on the Iranian si<strong>de</strong>.<br />

A highlight of the accord is said to be the agreement by<br />

the si<strong>de</strong>s to send observers to follow each otliers' "search<br />

and <strong>de</strong>stroy" operations against terrorist bases.<br />

Security talKS b<strong>et</strong>ween lurkey and Iran began in Ankara<br />

on Tuesday. Thé talks were hea<strong>de</strong>d on the Turkish si<strong>de</strong> by<br />

the <strong>de</strong>puty un<strong>de</strong>rsecr<strong>et</strong>ary for the Ministry of the Interior,<br />

Rlza Ak<strong>de</strong>mir, and on the Irànian'si<strong>de</strong> by the director general<br />

for security affairs at the Ministry of the Interior, Goiam<br />

Huseyin Bolandiyan.<br />

The rr:emorandum of un<strong>de</strong>rstanding with Iran was said to<br />

be similar to the one signed on Nov. 20 b<strong>et</strong>ween Turkey<br />

and Syria after talks hea<strong>de</strong>d by Mehm<strong>et</strong> Agar, the director<br />

for security, and Maj. General Badr AI-Hassan, the head of<br />

the security <strong>de</strong>sk at the Syrian Ministry for the Interior.<br />

Participating in an earl~ morning talk show on Turkish<br />

television on Thursday;Agar said Ankara's main concentration<br />

point at the moment in operating these mémoranda was<br />

the r<strong>et</strong>urn of arrested terrorists to Turkey.<br />

Agar said that in concluding the memoranda the three<br />

countries emphasized "their good neighborly, brotherly, and<br />

historic ties.'<br />

"We have agreed with both countries on the need for their<br />

taking seriou's steps in the fight against terrorism. They also<br />

endorsed in writing our expectations. Un<strong>de</strong>r the memoranda<br />

eXP.t'rts will be able to go and ~Ol~e with~ut any conditions<br />

and all. chann~ls .of communicatIOns WIll remain open,"<br />

Agar said. He mdlcated that as a result Of the protocols that<br />

had been conclu<strong>de</strong>d, the three countries had also committed<br />

themselves to not harboring terrorists against each other.<br />

.,\~ar ~dd~d ~at they received information from tinie to<br />

l.vne which IndIcated thatthe lea<strong>de</strong>r of the PKK, Abdullah<br />

Oc~lan, ~s ",:.ella~ other members of the organization resi<strong>de</strong>d<br />

In Syna. (Syna) has told us that if they catch the lea<strong>de</strong>r<br />

o~ the terrorist organization or other of ItS members they<br />

WIll ~<strong>et</strong>urn them to ~s. 'J!1e messages they have given us are<br />

al~o In t.he same dl.rectlOn. But we are still cautious, and<br />

~11l partlcul~r1y walt to see the steps concerning the r<strong>et</strong>urnmg<br />

(o~ terro.ns!s to Turkey)." Agar said.<br />

punng hl~ Interview o~ television,<br />

saId .thal while the operations against<br />

Mehm<strong>et</strong> Agar also<br />

the PKK in Turkey<br />

continued, Ankara's diplomatic<br />

this score would continue as well.<br />

initiatives on<br />

"The steps taken at home and abroad have<br />

ha.stened the <strong>de</strong>mise<br />

saId.<br />

of the organization," Agar<br />

Sources close to the security talks b<strong>et</strong>ween<br />

Turkey and Iran sat that the memorandum of un<strong>de</strong>rstanding<br />

b<strong>et</strong>ween the two countries foresees<br />

th~ pr~venti~n by J:>othcountries of groups operatmg<br />

I.n their terrItory to the <strong>de</strong>triment of the<br />

other Si<strong>de</strong>. It also foresees the exchanoe of information<br />

on the activities of these groups.<br />

The much speculated about "Joint operation"<br />

b<strong>et</strong>ween Turkey and Iran aoainst PKK bases in<br />

Iran wa, nol one of the subjects discussed, according<br />

to these sources.<br />

But they indicated that the si<strong>de</strong>s aweed to s<strong>et</strong><br />

up a mechanism of observers for botn si<strong>de</strong>s. Accordin$<br />

to this, if one si<strong>de</strong> can finger terrorist<br />

activil1es against itself in the other country, the<br />

"host" country will move against these aClivities<br />

in the presence<br />

country.<br />

of observers from the other<br />

Analysts recall that Turkey had conclu<strong>de</strong>d<br />

similar accords with Iran and Syria in the past<br />

but that these had proved to have produced few<br />

results. They add, therefore,<br />

to be sceptical this time also.<br />

that there is reason<br />

Sources close to the talks with Iran, however,<br />

argued that they sensed "a new <strong>de</strong>termination"<br />

~n t~e Iranian si<strong>de</strong> for cooperating with Turkey<br />

I~ tlV.~area.<br />

Turkish.US officials assess PKK ban in Europe<br />

Turkish Daily New,~<br />

AN KARA- Turkish and U.S. officials me<strong>et</strong>ing<br />

in Washington to prepare 'for a joint economic<br />

council me<strong>et</strong>ing next week, also assessed separatist<br />

terrorist vIOlence in Turkey and the recent<br />

European move to halt the activities of such<br />

gro~ps, Pr~me Minister Tansu Çiller's foreign<br />

affairs advisor, Volkan Vural; told reporters 10<br />

Washington Thursday.<br />

"The U.S. has ma<strong>de</strong> efforts to eradicate foreign<br />

support for the seearatist organization. We<br />

welcome these efforts, • Vural said in reference<br />

to the outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party<br />

(PKK), which was banned in Germany last<br />

week.<br />

He said that U.S. national security officials<br />

had also been briefed on Greece's apparent policy<br />

of support to the PKK, and had Deen asked to<br />

ensure that certain lobby groups in the United<br />

States should not support the organization.<br />

Asked to comment on wh<strong>et</strong>her it was the<br />

United States which "triggered" Germany into<br />

banning the PKK, Vural said: "I do not think so.<br />

Butthe fact' that from the start the Clinton administration<br />

has bran<strong>de</strong>d the organization as terrorist<br />

has served as an example to other countries.<br />

"The seQ~ratist organization had come to the<br />

point where it was openly violatinglublic or<strong>de</strong>r<br />

In the Euro~an countries," he ad<strong>de</strong> .<br />

Vural sélld that talks with U.S. officials had<br />

also concentrated on the now idle Kerkük-<br />

Yumurtallk oil pipeline b<strong>et</strong>ween Turkey and<br />

Iraq.<br />

"We wer~ told by U.S. officials thatthey have<br />

been workmg on our pro~sals. I believe the<br />

U.S. stance on the issue will become clear next<br />

week."<br />

V~ral a~<strong>de</strong>d, however, that negotiations on<br />

the Issue Involved not only the United States<br />

but also I~q, and said .<strong>de</strong>v.elopments concerning<br />

the reopenmg of the pIpeline were encouraging.<br />

T~e Turkish <strong>de</strong>legatIOn hea<strong>de</strong>d by Vural compnses<br />

Treasury and Tra<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>puty un<strong>de</strong>rsecr<strong>et</strong>~,<br />

Osman Unsal, and Turkish ~.tate-run pipehne<br />

company <strong>de</strong>puty head, Fatih Ocal.<br />

31


REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RlVISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASlN ÖZETÎ<br />

Lutte Ouvrière - 3 décembre 1993<br />

De la Turquie à l'Allemagne <strong>et</strong> à la France<br />

SAINTE-AUIANCE<br />

CONTRE LES KURDES<br />

@<br />

ANKARA<br />

Samsun<br />

Fvi<strong>de</strong>m1!1cnt~,k' Premier<br />

ministre turc, Mme Tansu<br />

,Çiller, a exprimé sa satisfaction<br />

puisque c'est bien pour<br />

faire un geste envers la Turquie<br />

que l'Allemagne, comme<br />

la France, s'en est prise au<br />

PKK, en guerre' <strong>de</strong>puis 1984<br />

avec l'armée turque. Ce sont'<br />

,les <strong>de</strong>ux pays dont les intérêts<br />

économiques en Turquie son~<br />

les plus importants qui ont<br />

cédé aux pressions du gouver- ,<br />

nement Çiller. D'ailleurs le<br />

porte-parole du ministère <strong>de</strong>s<br />

Affaires étrangères français a<br />

immédiatement réagi aux<br />

mesures prises par le gouver~<br />

nement allemand, en précisant<br />

que le PKK n'avait pas<br />

en France d'existence légale;<br />

une façon <strong>de</strong> s'excuser pour le<br />

fait que le gouvernement<br />

français n'ait pas été aussi<br />

loin que le gouvernement<br />

aJlemand. Le premier à avoir<br />

ignominieusement accédé<br />

aux exigences du gouverne":<br />

ment turc se voyait soudain<br />

doublé par le zèle du second!<br />

,Chacun rivalise pour défen-<br />

,dre ses industriels <strong>et</strong> ses contrats<br />

sur le dos du peuple<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>.<br />

Ce peuple <strong>de</strong> 25 millions<br />

d'habitants n'en finit pas<br />

d'être l'otage <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s gran<strong>de</strong>s<br />

puissances <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s Etats entre<br />

lesquels il est, écartelé. La<br />

moitié <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s (13 millions)<br />

vivent aujourd'hui'<br />

dans l'Est <strong>et</strong> le Sud-Est <strong>de</strong> la<br />

Turquie, les régions les plus<br />

sous-développées <strong>de</strong> ce pays,<br />

dans lesquelles ils forment la.<br />

majorité <strong>de</strong> la population,<br />

maisÇJùle gouvernementJnrc<br />

D Une semaine après la rafle spectaculaire opérée<br />

par Pasqua dans les milieux kur<strong>de</strong>s en France, une<br />

op~ration similaire s'est déroulée en Allemagne y en<br />

rrtêtrie temps que le gouvernement allemand annonçai~sa<br />

décision d'interdire le PKK (le Parti <strong>de</strong>s Tra-<br />

'vailleurs du Kurdistan) ainsi que 35 associations qui'<br />

,lui seraient liées. Plus <strong>de</strong> 150 locaux d'associations<br />

ont été perquisitionnés <strong>et</strong> la police a saisi du matériel<br />

d~jmprimerie<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> propagan<strong>de</strong>. Le centre culturel kur-<br />

'<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Berlin a été fermé.<br />

ne leur reconnaît pratiquement<br />

aucun droit. Le reste <strong>de</strong>s<br />

Kur<strong>de</strong>s est partagé entre<br />

l'Iran (6 millions), l'Irak (4<br />

millions), la Syrie (I million).<br />

La Syrie <strong>et</strong> l'Iran utilisent les<br />

,organisations kur<strong>de</strong>s présentes<br />

sur leur sol comme<br />

moyens <strong>de</strong> pression possibles<br />

pour régler leurs différends<br />

respectifs avec la Turquie.<br />

'Quant à la Turquie, alors<br />

même qu'elle combat les<br />

Kur<strong>de</strong>s sur son propre territoire,<br />

elle soutient les Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

d'Irak <strong>et</strong> leurs organisations<br />

contre le gouvernement irakien,<br />

à condition qu'ils luttent<br />

contre le PKK turc, mais avec<br />

la perspective <strong>de</strong> les laisser<br />

tomber dès que <strong>de</strong>s relations<br />

commerciales avantageuses<br />

reprendront avec l'Irak.<br />

La Turquie n'est certes,pas<br />

seul~ à jouer ce jeu s~nistre :<br />

ARABIE,<br />

SÉOUDITE<br />

les Kur<strong>de</strong>s ci'Jnik ont encore<br />

droit à la sollicitu<strong>de</strong> bypocrite<br />

<strong>de</strong>s gran<strong>de</strong>s puissances, qui<br />

font mine <strong>de</strong> vouloir les protéger<br />

tant que la tension avec<br />

le régime <strong>de</strong> Saddam Hussein<br />

persiste. Mais <strong>de</strong>main ils<br />

pourront être à nouveau victimes<br />

d'un r<strong>et</strong>ournement d'alliances<br />

comme les différent~s<br />

fractions du peuple kur<strong>de</strong><br />

l'ont si souvent été dans le<br />

passé.<br />

Ces mêmes gran<strong>de</strong>s<br />

puissances laissent en tout<br />

cas aujourd'hui toute lati-<br />

, tu<strong>de</strong> au gouvernement turc,<br />

, pour réprimer les Kur<strong>de</strong>s',<br />

chez lui. Les gouvernements<br />

français <strong>et</strong> allemand en rajoutent<br />

même en s'en prenant<br />

eux-mêmes aux émigrés<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> Turquie sur' leur<br />

propre territoire:<br />

Les affaires <strong>de</strong> gros sous,<br />

32


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

k:-. \;uatrats Juteux, les profits<br />

<strong>de</strong>s capitalistes passent bien<br />

avant les droit" <strong>de</strong>s peuples.<br />

Ce n'est pas nouveau, mais<br />

pour son malheur le peuple<br />

kur<strong>de</strong> en est plus particulièrement<br />

victime que d'autres <strong>et</strong><br />

ce sans interruption <strong>de</strong>puis<br />

bientôt trois quarts <strong>de</strong> siècle.<br />

Alors, les déclarations du<br />

ministre <strong>de</strong>s Affaires étrangères<br />

allemand, qui dit<br />

entendre poursuivre avec la<br />

Turquie "le dialogue sltr le<br />

respect <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme",<br />

ou la <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />

Danièle Mitterrand d'envoyer<br />

d'urgence <strong>de</strong>s observateurs<br />

<strong>de</strong> l'ONU dans l'Est <strong>de</strong><br />

la Turquie, sont un comble<br />

d'hypocrisie à l'usage <strong>de</strong><br />

leurs opinions publiques intérieures,<br />

<strong>et</strong> ne relèvent sûrement<br />

pas d'un quelconque<br />

intérêt pour le sort du peuple<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>.<br />

Dominiqut' CHARLIS<br />

Liberté du Morbihan - 4 décembre 1993<br />

La Ligue communiste révolutionnaire<br />

contre les rafles <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

LORIENT. - Les rafles organiséesdans<br />

les milieuxkur<strong>de</strong>s arbitraires qui transforment<br />

tions <strong>et</strong> interdictions<br />

constituaient un nouveau pas chaque réfugié kur<strong>de</strong>, avant<br />

franchi dans la politique antiimmigrés<br />

<strong>et</strong> anti-réfugiés du suspect à: priori ». s'indigne<br />

fui le régime d'Ankara, en<br />

gouvernement. Maintenant <strong>de</strong> « la soumission ainsi manifestée<br />

aux exigences <strong>de</strong><br />

c'est l'interdition <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux associations<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s en France l'état turc qui bafoue <strong>de</strong>puis<br />

dont le comité kurdistan qUI <strong>de</strong>s décennies les droits légitimes<br />

du peuple kur<strong>de</strong>» <strong>et</strong><br />

existe <strong>de</strong>puis 1985 dans tous<br />

les pays d'Europe. La section appelle à « la solidarité avec<br />

du Morbihan<strong>de</strong> la Liguecommuniste<br />

révolutionnaire pro-<br />

qui défen<strong>de</strong>nt la démocratie<br />

le peuple kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>et</strong> tous ceux<br />

teste contre «ces arresta-<br />

<strong>et</strong> la justice en Turquie ».<br />

l<br />

GiÈCE-CEE<br />

a prési<strong>de</strong>nce grecque,<br />

à partir du<br />

1.' janvier, prom<strong>et</strong><br />

<strong>de</strong> m<strong>et</strong>tre <strong>de</strong> l'ambiance<br />

au sein <strong>de</strong><br />

l'Union européenne.<br />

Les déclarations tonitruantes<br />

<strong>et</strong> dépJacées<br />

<strong>de</strong> Theodoros Pal7lgalos,<br />

ministre grec <strong>de</strong>s<br />

Affaires européennes <strong>et</strong><br />

grognard du gouvemement<br />

Papandréou, donnent déjà<br />

<strong>de</strong>s frissons à ses partenaires.<br />

Première victime:<br />

l'Allemagne, coupable <strong>de</strong><br />

vouloir nouer <strong>de</strong>s relations<br />

diplomatiques avec la Macédoine,<br />

sur laquelle la<br />

Grèce estime avoir une<br />

marque déposée. « C'est<br />

un géant avec une force<br />

bestiale <strong>et</strong> u'ne cervelle<br />

d'enfant" (sic),estime Pangalos,<br />

qui dénonce la politique<br />

<strong>de</strong> Bonn en Europe<br />

: UNE PRÉSIDENCE A RISQUES<br />

comme « le renouveau du<br />

rêve pangermanique ".<br />

Chacun a droit aux compliments<br />

du bouillant ministre<br />

: <strong>de</strong> la Bosnie, " nation<br />

inexistante ", jusqu'à<br />

la France, avec son « racisme<br />

antiarabe", en passant<br />

par la « décomposition<br />

italienne ". Mais c'est la<br />

Turquie, « l'ennemi héréditaire<br />

.., qui subit la plus<br />

violente diatribe pour venir<br />

« traÎner ses bottes ensanglantées<br />

sur les tapis<br />

européens ", tandis que<br />

les Kur<strong>de</strong>s du PKK sont<br />

implicitement encouragés<br />

à poursuivre la guerre<br />

contre Ankara.<br />

Le no comment <strong>de</strong>s<br />

chancelleries cache mal<br />

une réelle inquiétu<strong>de</strong>.<br />

Seule l'Allemagne a exprimé<br />

sa « vive contrariété<br />

". Ingo Friedrich,<br />

vice-prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong> la CSU<br />

(la branche bavaroise <strong>de</strong>s<br />

chrétiens-démocrates <strong>de</strong><br />

Helmut Kohl), suggère<br />

une initiative pour empêcher<br />

la Grèce <strong>de</strong> prendre<br />

la prési<strong>de</strong>nce <strong>de</strong>s Douze<br />

au 1.' janvier, soulignant<br />

qu'elle n'est « pas mûre<br />

actuellement" pour une<br />

telle responsabilité.<br />

TheodorosPangalos<br />

33


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNIstA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />

l' •<br />

operatIons<br />

anti-Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

Gesticulation publicitaire séeuritaire<br />

<strong>et</strong> gages donnés au gouvernementture,<br />

/' opération menée par Charles Pasqua<br />

obéit à <strong>de</strong>s motivations intérieures<br />

èt extérieures.<br />

Le <strong>de</strong>rnier "best seller" d'Alain Minc<br />

développe une comparaison entre<br />

le mon<strong>de</strong> d'aujourd'hui <strong>et</strong> le<br />

Moyen Age. Comparaisonn'est pas<br />

raison, ont dit nombre <strong>de</strong> médiévistes,<br />

tel Jacques Le Goff, qui reprochent<br />

à "auteur du "Nouveau Moyen Age" sa<br />

vision stéréotypée <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te pério<strong>de</strong>.<br />

Ceuxqui acceptent néanmoins c<strong>et</strong> exercice<br />

intellectuel font remarquer que<br />

la situation <strong>de</strong> la majorité <strong>de</strong>s individus<br />

a beaucoup évolué, <strong>et</strong> en bien, dans<br />

beaucoup <strong>de</strong> domaines, <strong>et</strong> notamment<br />

les libertés. Ce sentiment, une population<br />

au moins ne doit pas le partager.<br />

En se réfugiant dans quelques cathédrales<br />

(dont Notre-Dame <strong>de</strong> <strong>Paris</strong>),<br />

les Kur<strong>de</strong>squi, avecfemmes <strong>et</strong> enfants,<br />

entendaient protester contre "opération<br />

<strong>de</strong> CharlesPasquacontre le PKKne<br />

s'attendaient pas à en être expulsés<br />

aussirapi<strong>de</strong>ment <strong>et</strong> brutalement. Latradition<br />

médiévale du droit d'asile<br />

<strong>de</strong>s autorités ecclésiastiquesà laquelle<br />

ils se référaient n'a certes plus cours.<br />

Mais c<strong>et</strong>te expulsion <strong>de</strong>s églises prend<br />

un certain relief au moment où le droit.<br />

d'asile est hypocritement mis en cause<br />

par la majorité actuelle. A l'apogée <strong>de</strong><br />

l'asile religieux, au XIIe siècle, même<br />

les blasphémateurs étaient protégés<br />

dans les lieux sacrés.le déclin du droit<br />

d'asile religieux avait coincidé avec une<br />

plus gran<strong>de</strong> protection <strong>de</strong>s autorités<br />

publiques. Notre époque se signaleraitelle<br />

par un déclin convergent <strong>de</strong> la<br />

notion d'asile 1<br />

à un soutien à Ankara. Charles Pasqua<br />

n'a pourtant pas toujours eu c<strong>et</strong>te<br />

intransigeance à l'égard du PKK.<br />

Au moment où quatre Françaisétaient<br />

r<strong>et</strong>enus par les Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> Turquie, le<br />

ministre <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur n'avait rien trouvé<br />

à redire à la conférence <strong>de</strong> presse<br />

publique que le PKKavait tenue à <strong>Paris</strong>.<br />

Sur les vingt-quatre militants mis en<br />

examen, dont seize ont été incarcérés,<br />

un grand nombre sont <strong>de</strong>s réfugiés<br />

politiques qui ont bénéficié du droit<br />

d'asile, certains <strong>de</strong>puis seizeans.<br />

LOGIQUE INFERNALE<br />

"l'activité du PKK en France n'est pas<br />

nouvelle. Pourquoi avoir attendu si<br />

longtemps 1, note un <strong>de</strong> leurs défenseurs,Me<br />

Daniel Jacoby.Lechef d'accusation<br />

r<strong>et</strong>enu contre eux, association<strong>de</strong><br />

malfaiteurs en relation avec une entreprise<br />

terroriste, est lourd. Mais il n'y a<br />

rien <strong>de</strong> ce que j'ai pu voir dans le dossier<br />

qui le justifie: ni armes, ni munitions,<br />

ni CIbles, ni objectif, ni plan.<br />

On a parlé également <strong>de</strong> rack<strong>et</strong>, mais il<br />

faut le prouver." Evoquant les "opérations<br />

extrêmement dures poursuivies<br />

par les autorités turques qui n'épargnent<br />

pas les populations civiles",<br />

l'avocat parle <strong>de</strong> "gages donnés au<br />

gouvernement turc". Il est vrai que la<br />

visite <strong>de</strong> Fran~oisléotard en Turquie a<br />

porté ses fruits: un contrat signé le<br />

8 octobre <strong>de</strong> 253 millions <strong>de</strong> dollars<br />

comprenant vingt hélicoptéres. le gouvernement<br />

turc paraît avoir bien monnayé<br />

un soutien dans sa lutte contre le<br />

séparatismekur<strong>de</strong>. "Les payseuropéens<br />

doivent déclarer illégal le PKK", affirmait<br />

Ankara, le 24 novembre, à la veille<br />

<strong>de</strong> son interdiction en Allemagne <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />

la dissolution <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux associations<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s en France. la situation particulièrement<br />

préoccupante dans le sud-est<br />

<strong>de</strong> la Turquie a motivé la <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />

Danielle Mitterrand <strong>de</strong> désignation par<br />

l'Union européenne "<strong>de</strong> toute urgence"<br />

d'un médiateur. Sur le terrain, une<br />

L<br />

• MASCARADE •<br />

a manitlre dont l'Assemblée 0 répondu por lfi biais <strong>de</strong> 10<br />

commission spéciale puis <strong>de</strong> 10 conférence <strong>de</strong>s prési.<br />

<strong>de</strong>nts, à la <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>s juges <strong>de</strong> Béthune <strong>de</strong> lever<br />

l'immunité porlementaire <strong>de</strong> Bemord Tapie apporo~ bien suspec/e.<br />

Ouand on soit que, hors session, les dépuiés ne bénéfi'<br />

cient pos <strong>de</strong> ceffe immunité, on 0 du mol à odmeffre que<br />

l'urgence <strong>et</strong> /0 volonlé <strong>de</strong> ne pos entraver le cours <strong>de</strong> fa justice,<br />

évoqués por 10 commission ad hoc <strong>de</strong> l'Assemblée, puisse<br />

justifier une tef/e décision. Comme l'a foil remorquer Michel<br />

Rocard, <strong>et</strong> d'outres hommès politiques qui ne sont pos <strong>de</strong><br />

gauche, comme Rciymond Borre, foire voler ceffe levée moins<br />

<strong>de</strong> quinze iours avon/la fin <strong>de</strong> 10 session, relève <strong>de</strong> 10 mascara<strong>de</strong>.<br />

A/ors que l'affaire Teslul est strictement privée, 10 métha<strong>de</strong><br />

utilisée donne ptise à l'accusation <strong>de</strong> proctls politique <strong>et</strong><br />

<strong>de</strong> préjugement. l'embarras est visibfe sur tous les bancs <strong>et</strong>,<br />

du coup, c'est fa procédure <strong>de</strong> l'immunité qui. est mise en<br />

couse. Le prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong> l'Assemblée nationale lui~ëme s'est<br />

interrogé. L'immunité porlementàire créée sous /0 Troisième<br />

Répubfique, le 23 iuin /889, pour protéger /0 poro/e <strong>de</strong>s<br />

représentants du peuple, e/ reprise por les républiques successives<br />

esfelle tauiours adoptée à notre société ? Ces immunités<br />

à éclipse qui ne fonctionnent que pendant les .sessions on~<br />

elles encore un sens, a/ors que fa scène inédiotique 0 tendance<br />

<strong>de</strong> plus en plus à supplanter 10 scène por/ementaire ? Entre<br />

ceux qui voudraient voir supptimer t%/emen/ l'immunité, dis'<br />

tinguer entre affaires politiques <strong>et</strong> affaires privées, fa rendre<br />

plus effective ou la maintenir /elle quelle, le déba, es/ ouvert.<br />

B.e.<br />

lo~ique infernale est en place <strong>et</strong> les<br />

VOIX modérées ont <strong>de</strong> plus en plus <strong>de</strong><br />

mal à se faire entendre. A l'heure <strong>de</strong>s<br />

pourparlers OLP-Israël,au moment où<br />

Un dialogue semble s'amorcer entre le<br />

gouvernement britannique <strong>et</strong> l'IRA,<br />

une solution exclusivement militaire<br />

doit-elle être donnée à la revendication<br />

kur<strong>de</strong> 1 Et les gouvernements européens<br />

contribuent-ils à la résolution <strong>de</strong><br />

la question avec les opérations qu'ils<br />

ont menées1 On peut sérieusementen<br />

douter.<br />

BernardChaouat<br />

AMALGAME<br />

DEVASTATEUR<br />

La concordanceentre le débat constitutionnel<br />

sur le droit d'asile, les législations<br />

visant les étrangers <strong>et</strong> les opérations<br />

spectaculaires <strong>de</strong> Charles Pasqua<br />

ne peuvent être pure coinci<strong>de</strong>nce. Il est<br />

vrai, qu'il s'agisse<strong>de</strong>s militants du FIS,<br />

<strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s ou <strong>de</strong>s truands marseillais,<br />

que le mo<strong>de</strong> d'intervention du ministre<br />

<strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur est le plus souvent gesticulatoire<br />

<strong>et</strong> publicitaire. Mais c<strong>et</strong> amalgame<br />

risque d'être dévastateur auprès<br />

<strong>de</strong> l'opinion, appelée à m<strong>et</strong>tre dans le<br />

même sactruands <strong>et</strong> terroristes <strong>de</strong> tout<br />

poil. les militants du PKK sont loin<br />

d'être <strong>de</strong>s enfants <strong>de</strong> chœur. Ce parti<br />

marxiste pur <strong>et</strong> dur a assassiné<strong>de</strong>s <strong>Institut</strong>eurs<br />

turcs <strong>et</strong> vient par la voix <strong>de</strong> son<br />

secrétaire général, Kani Yilmaz, <strong>de</strong><br />

m<strong>et</strong>tre en gar<strong>de</strong> les touristes dont la<br />

seule présenceen Turquie est assimilée<br />

~',~i' :~RQUIEI<br />

~ ," J: - .~~ •<br />

"",.",!' ,<br />

,<br />

I<br />

I ,."-,<br />

I<br />

\<br />

......... ,.,.'<br />

I \<br />

I<br />

,<br />

I<br />

I<br />

, ,<br />

LES KURDES<br />

A CHEVAL<br />

SUR QUATRE PAYS<br />

------- -- -<br />

n° 210 du 3 décembre 1993 Vèndredi<br />

34


REVUE DE PRESSE,PRESS REVIEW,BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ,RwISTA<br />

STAMPA,DENTRO DE LA PRENSA,BASIN ÖZETi<br />

La Croix du Midi - 3 décembre 1993<br />

Un village chrétien<br />

au Kurdistan irakien<br />

Amis lecteurs, acceptez <strong>de</strong><br />

....<br />

....TVIlQIIII: ...__ ........<br />

vous laisser dépayser avec moi. • .. .....• ...-"<br />

Procurez-vous ou empruntez<br />

auprès d'un ami le livre dont je<br />

vais vous parler, car je voudrais SYIIII:<br />

vous donner envie <strong>de</strong> le lire.<br />

Son auteur s'appelle Ephrem-<br />

Isa Yousif. Son titre: "Parfums<br />

d'enfance à Sanate". Avec un<br />

sous-titre qui le précise : "Un<br />

village chrétien au Kurdistan .. "<br />

irakien". Il vient <strong>de</strong> paraltre (<strong>Paris</strong>,<br />

Editions l'Harmattan). Soyez<br />

sOrsqu'il vous passionnera<br />

Ce sont les souvenirs d'enfance<br />

<strong>de</strong> l'auteur, <strong>de</strong> sa naissance<br />

en 1944 jusqu'en septembre<br />

1956, date à laquelle il<br />

a été envoyé à Mossoul par ses<br />

parents. Le livre nous trans- 4! .. ~ a.. t


.urkey<br />

REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

Saturday, December 4,1993<br />

turkish daily news<br />

State oj<br />

human<br />

rights in<br />

Turkey<br />

Socrct¥y-Gcncral<br />

T<br />

By HUsnU ÖndUI<br />

Human Rights Association<br />

faces a'quesLion,of <strong>de</strong>mocracy. This<br />

.' is the fundamental question. Turkey has<br />

.. , grappled with the ques~io~ of 4emocr~cy<br />

for over 200 years. DespIle ItSbemg a giant<br />

step forward, the republic has not managed to <strong>de</strong>moc-;<br />

ratlle itself., Today, the judicial, execuLive,and admiri:<br />

istrative al'paratus 'of the Turkish republic operates<br />

withinlimlts' drawn by the fascistjadministration of<br />

the Sept. 11 coup. The Constitution' of 1982, the press<br />

law, laws on public me<strong>et</strong>ings and <strong>de</strong>monstratIOns;<br />

associations, lab.or 'unions, collective bargaining and<br />

:strikes, and political parties are all products of the<br />

Sept. 12, 1980 coup. . . . .<br />

, 'Regulations in such laws .are:boUDd-Up;with',~asic.<br />

freedoms. Just as those who authored such laws lack'<br />

legality,so the content of those laws is anti-<strong>de</strong>mocratic.<br />

Such a legal framework indicates the anti-<strong>de</strong>mocratic<br />

character of the republic. To us, the problem is a<br />

question of the existence of a <strong>de</strong>mocratic republic.<br />

. It is a quëstion of the ..granting, pr~tection, ~nd<br />

Impr~vement of human rights. Regulat1~ns ba~~mg<br />

the nght to elect and be elected, <strong>de</strong>mocratic partlclpa-<br />

~ion in the government .of the c~untry, free~oms of<br />

thought, speech; and behef, the nght to organize public<br />

<strong>de</strong>monstrations, to establish labor unions, pohtical<br />

.parties, and associations must be abolished. What we<br />

need.is "total change," .<br />

The <strong>de</strong>bate on and the subsequent creation of a constitution<br />

is the key to and a condition for the solution<br />

.of problems related tl) <strong>de</strong>mocracy and human rights.<br />

We want a land of freedom, not one of bans. We want<br />

.a transition from a semi-milil¥Y <strong>de</strong>mocracy to a fully<br />

<strong>de</strong>mocratic republic .<br />

. Journalists and authors are threatened with prison'<br />

terms. Quite a large number of them are already in<br />

, prison. Ass~ciations, poli.tical p~rties are being<br />

banned. PohtÎ


REVUE DE PRESSE, PRESS REVIEW,BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ,RIVISTA STAMPA,DENTRO DE LA PRENSA,BASIN ÖZET;<br />

Baghdad calls on Ankara to<br />

enter direct talks on terror<br />

Iranian and Turkish officillls conclu<strong>de</strong> security me<strong>et</strong>ings in Ankara<br />

Turkish Daily News<br />

ANKARA- Iraq has called on Turkey to<br />

enter into direct talks with Baghdad to s<strong>et</strong>tle<br />

the common problem of terrorism. Iraqi<br />

Ambassador to Turkey Rafi Daham AI Tikriti,<br />

speaking to the Anatolia news agency<br />

on Fnday, said that high-level talks b<strong>et</strong>ween<br />

the two countries should start without any<br />

further <strong>de</strong>lay to solve rising terrorism in<br />

both countries.<br />

"The reason behind escalating terrorism in<br />

the south of Turkey and the north of Iraq, is<br />

the fact that Turkish-Iraqi relations have<br />

been frozen since the Gulf War," the ambassador<br />

said. "It is necessary for high-level officials<br />

from both countries to come tog<strong>et</strong>her<br />

to exchange views. Economic problems in<br />

both the countries are on the rise, terrorism<br />

is escalating and the Kurdish problem is becoming<br />

very confused," he ad<strong>de</strong>d. He said<br />

his country also regar<strong>de</strong>d <strong>de</strong>velopments in<br />

northern Iraq as "terrorism" and called for<br />

Turkey and the international community to<br />

adopt a stance against events unfolding<br />

there. Iraq has kept the channels of communication<br />

with Iraqi Kurdish lea<strong>de</strong>rs Jalal Talabani<br />

and Masoud Barzani open, AI Tikriti<br />

said. "We will talk with them, but there<br />

should be no outsi<strong>de</strong> interference."<br />

The ambassador also said that Baghdad<br />

would back every move ma<strong>de</strong> against terrorism,<br />

adding his assurances that Iraq was in<br />

full support of Turkey's security.<br />

Meanwhile, Iranian Interior Ministry security<br />

official Ulan Huseyin Bolandlyan,<br />

who compl<strong>et</strong>ed contacts in Ankara Friday,<br />

repeated assurances that Tehran would not<br />

allow any terrorist activities directed towards<br />

Turkey to take place on Iranian soi~.<br />

"The Islamic Republic of Iran can. never<br />

ever become a place of refuge for terrorists,"<br />

Bolandiyan told reporters before his <strong>de</strong>parture<br />

at Ankara airport. Recalling a protocol<br />

on security cooperation signed b<strong>et</strong>ween Ankara<br />

and Tehran, Bolandiyan informed that<br />

the two si<strong>de</strong>s had now agreed to enter the<br />

implementation phase.<br />

The two countries agreed to prevent<br />

groups operating in their territory to the <strong>de</strong>triment<br />

of the other si<strong>de</strong>, and to exchange information<br />

on the activities of these groups.<br />

The si<strong>de</strong>s also agreed that when it is a<br />

question of organizing an operation against<br />

terrorist groups, a grour of observers of at<br />

least three members wi! be invited from the<br />

other country, Bolandiyan also explained.<br />

He said he had given Turkish officials information<br />

documenting Iranian Kurdis(an<br />

Democrat Party cooperation with the outlawed<br />

Kurdistan WorkeJ:S'Party (PKK). In<br />

r<strong>et</strong>urn, he ad<strong>de</strong>d, that members of the Iranian<br />

opposition group Mujahedin Khalq had<br />

been arrested by Turkish authorities.<br />

"Our joint bor<strong>de</strong>rs will once again become<br />

bor<strong>de</strong>rs of friendship and brotherhood," Bolandiyan<br />

went on to say.<br />

Turkey's Christians drift from ancestral homes<br />

By Aliza Marcus<br />

Reuters<br />

KOSRALI- Turkey's Christians, unnerved<br />

by a Kurdish guerrilla war on<br />

their doorsteps, are rapidly abandoning<br />

their ancestral homes in the southeast.<br />

"A hundred years ago, the regien was<br />

filled with Christians, Armenians, Syrians,<br />

Catholics, every type," said Father<br />

Tomas Bektas, the priest in this<br />

Syrian Orthodox village.<br />

"Now, anyone who has the opportunity<br />

leaves. In one or two rears, the<br />

whole village will be empty.'<br />

In the mpuntaihs behind his house, a<br />

few tottering stones are all that remain<br />

of an old church. A cave marks the entrance<br />

to a centuries-old monastery,<br />

now blocked by a rock fall. Soon Kosrali<br />

seems <strong>de</strong>stined to become one<br />

more jumble of <strong>de</strong>relict buildings,<br />

symbolising the glories and <strong>de</strong>spairs of<br />

Christian communities rooted in this<br />

region since Christ's time. Only 3,000<br />

Christians still inhabit the southeast,<br />

home to most of the 250,000 who lived<br />

in Turkey just after World War One.<br />

They are drifting away, partly for economic<br />

reasons but also for fear of anti-<br />

Christian sentiment and the guerrilla<br />

conflict.<br />

"Our life here is very difficult. We<br />

have no security to live freely as<br />

Christians,". said one man from the<br />

Midyat region, who 'like most Christians<br />

interviewed, asked not to be<br />

named. Church sources in Istanbul said<br />

Syrian Christian schools closed after<br />

the 1923 creation of the Turkish republic<br />

because community lea<strong>de</strong>rs accepted<br />

the legal status of Turks. Unlike tbe<br />

Jews and Armenians, they received no<br />

special protection for nghts such as<br />

private education un<strong>de</strong>r the 1923 Treaty<br />

of Lausanne's provisions for non-<br />

Moslem minorities. Syrian Christian<br />

children attend state schools and can<br />

only g<strong>et</strong> religious teaching informally<br />

at weekends from village priests and<br />

the nuns and monks in a few surviving<br />

monasteries. The Syrian. Christians<br />

here -- 10,000 more live in western<br />

Turkey -- said they often had trouble<br />

receiving publications from abroad in<br />

Syriac Ar~maic, the language spoken<br />

by Jesus Christ, or registenng Christian<br />

names for their children.<br />

"Even if we -can give the names, we<br />

face discrimination and trouble in using<br />

them in schools, the army and elsewhere,"<br />

said a Christian teacher from<br />

the Mardin area.<br />

Monks said it was so hard to obtain<br />

the government permits required for<br />

renovations to churches and monasteries<br />

that only basic repairs were done,<br />

often in secr<strong>et</strong>, to keep them standing.<br />

Syrian Christians said the separatist<br />

conflict wa8..edby the Kurdistan Workers<br />

Party (PKK) for niore than nine<br />

years, at a cost of more than 7,000<br />

lives, had aggravated their plight. They<br />

said community members had been arrested<br />

and tortured by security forces<br />

battling the PKK. Some had been mur<strong>de</strong>red.<br />

While almost no Christians<br />

have joined the PKK, government<br />

charges that Armenians are fighting<br />

for the Kurdish guerrillas have put all<br />

, Christians un<strong>de</strong>r suspicion, resI<strong>de</strong>nts<br />

saW."Here, there is only the military<br />

in control, there are no freedoms or human<br />

rights. You can't be a Christian,<br />

you can't be a Kurd, you can only be a<br />

Turk," said a 24-year-old engineer<br />

from near Midyat, who plans to emigrate<br />

to Europe soon. Chnstians are al-<br />

37


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

so at the mercy of the rebels, who <strong>de</strong>- .<br />

mand food or threaten people who<br />

transport supplies for the army.<br />

. The guemllas, generally mtolerant<br />

of alcohol, wereblamed for the killing<br />

of a winemaker in Dereici village, near<br />

Mardin, six months ago. That prompted<br />

most Christian villages to abandon<br />

their tradition of wine production, a<br />

monk said.<br />

Syrian Orthodox Christians here<br />

said their community had bl:en a targ<strong>et</strong><br />

for the Ottomans who virtually wiped<br />

out the Armenian presence in Turkey<br />

during World War One.<br />

. "For the Moslems here, a Christian<br />

was a Christian -- Armenian or Syrian<br />

both were killed," said the Mardih<br />

teacher. Syrian Christians said the<br />

worst ,attacks stopped after 1923, but<br />

,the community continued to feel exclu<strong>de</strong>d<br />

from official posts in the state<br />

sector and beleaguered in its Moslem<br />

surroundings. As tlie Christians' sense<br />

of security and freedom dwindled, the<br />

seat of the Patriarch moved to Syria in<br />

1933 after 700 years in Mardin.<br />

"This used to be the centre of the<br />

community," said the Mardin teacher<br />

"Our churches date back to the first<br />

century after Christ, and even before<br />

that ?ur forefathers were here. "During<br />

the time of the Ottoman Empire our<br />

bishops were respected, our pdople<br />

loved," he said. "But now, in the time<br />

of <strong>de</strong>mocracy, we have no rights."<br />

Military <strong>de</strong>nies obstructing<br />

solution to Kurdish problem<br />

MiliJary <strong>de</strong>termined to wipe out PKK, says DEP is<br />

PKJ('s representati}'2, pleased wiJh West's ban on PK/(<br />

Tu{kish D~~i;Nêw.s<br />

ANKARA- Arguing it does not<br />

constitute a barrier to a politiclll solution<br />

to the Kurdish problem, the<br />

Turkish military is <strong>de</strong>termined to<br />

put an end to separatist Kurdish terrorism<br />

before winter ends without<br />

harming <strong>de</strong>mocracy, the fundamentalist<br />

daily Zaman wrote on Friday.<br />

"The military thinks no different<br />

than us regarding the dissemination<br />

of freedoms and rights. They do not<br />

.suffer from any taboös on the use of<br />

the Kurdish language and support<br />

the principle of the freedom of the.<br />

individual to speak their minds<br />

freely," Fehmi Koro, Zaman's chief<br />

. columnist wrote. A top-brass military<br />

official at the Turkish Chief of<br />

Staff Headquarters told Zaman,<br />

however, that the Armed Forces are<br />

<strong>de</strong>termined to finish off the outlawed<br />

Kurdistan Workers' Party<br />

(PKK) by winter's end, wrote Koro.<br />

"Y<strong>et</strong> we are going to do so with-<br />

. out pursuing policIes injurious to<br />

the <strong>de</strong>mocratic regime," Koro quoted<br />

the military official as saying.<br />

'''The PKK is a terrorist organization,<br />

pure and simple. Hence, It<br />

. shall be liquidated. No recognition<br />

of this terrorist organization or of<br />

those acting On its behalf is possi-.<br />

ble,' said the official," Koro wrote.<br />

The Zam;;.:~ colu;'!1ni,t repor,ed<br />

that the Turkish military did not regard<br />

the <strong>de</strong>puties of the oro-Kurei-<br />

Ish Democracy Party (Dr.Î') as representatives<br />

of the nation..<br />

"We have never looked upon<br />

them as <strong>de</strong>puties. They are the <strong>de</strong>puties<br />

of the PKK -- because they.<br />

ran in the elections after the PKK<br />

or<strong>de</strong>red them to. Their presence in<br />

Parliament harms the influence' of<br />

the Turkish Parliament. We wish<br />

they were people that aim to really.<br />

do som<strong>et</strong>liing about Kurds. Y<strong>et</strong><br />

they are not," Koru quoted the<br />

Turkish military official as saying.<br />

Referring to the ongoing clashes<br />

b<strong>et</strong>ween security forces and the<br />

PKK, the Turkish military official<br />

said an "irregular war" was the case<br />

in the Southeast, adding that PKK<br />

members could never be called<br />

. "guerrillas."<br />

"They are simply terrorists resortin~<br />

to guerrilla ~actics:: he argue~.<br />

. We are fightlOgagalOst terronsts<br />

remaining within boundaries drawn<br />

by <strong>de</strong>mocratic principles. Article 49<br />

of the Turkish Penal Co<strong>de</strong> qualifies<br />

armed bandits as enemies. They attack<br />

civilians and our soldiers. The<br />

same article entitles us 10 self<strong>de</strong>fense<br />

as well,"he maintained.<br />

The topnotch official, Koro ad<strong>de</strong>d, said the Gulf<br />

War of 1991 had led to a strengthening of the<br />

PKK, with the organization filling up the power<br />

vacuum that emerged in northern Iraq and intensifying<br />

its attacks on Turkish targ<strong>et</strong>s. afterwards.<br />

Touching on Operation Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort -~<br />

dubbed Poised Hammer in Turkey -- the military<br />

official said it had its advantages and disadvantages,.<br />

."f.or~s<br />

long' as it maintains its presence, the<br />

pro~ability of a ~urdish Slate will increase. Talabam<br />

and Barzant [no'rthern Iraqi Kurdish lea<strong>de</strong>rs]<br />

are takin.g advantage of the current power vacuum.<br />

Y<strong>et</strong> If Poised Hammer is withdrawn, Saddam<br />

.. will have moved up to our very bor<strong>de</strong>r. He does<br />

~ot like Turkey and wi!1certainly back thePKK<br />

10 that case. The~ we .wlll be bereaved of the right<br />

to launch op,eratlons lOto northern Iraq whenever<br />

we want to, ' he told Koro.<br />

Referring t9 .parallel action by Germany and<br />

.France to ban tliePKK, the military official said<br />

the Armed Forces were pleased with the move.<br />

. "But if t~ose banned 10 Germany infiltrate BelgIUm,<br />

for mstance, the recent bans will mean<br />

.nothing. Those countries, to~, oug~t. to ban the<br />

PKK. The role played by Pnme MlOlster Tansu<br />

Çiller is consi<strong>de</strong>rable in<strong>de</strong>ed. Y<strong>et</strong> the Westerners'<br />

conduct raises some doubts as well. We are won<strong>de</strong>ring<br />

if they'U ask for concessions" he ad<strong>de</strong>d.<br />

He said the \nilitary was baffled by the phrase<br />

"political solution."<br />

."Aren't <strong>de</strong>mocratic rightß the sanie for everyone?<br />

We, of course, hope for the improvement of<br />

<strong>de</strong>mocratic rights for all the peöple living in Turkey.<br />

We, of course, want restrictions lifted en bloc<br />

all over Turkey. The Turkish Armed forces has<br />

been throughout its history, a reformist and progressive<br />

organization. We think we know b<strong>et</strong>ter<br />

than anyone else the benefits of <strong>de</strong>mocratization"<br />

he said.<br />

'<br />

, H~ add~d the military was for a discussion of<br />

cumcula 10 another language than Turkish and of<br />

the free use of another language by ils native<br />

speakers. .'<br />

. "B~t to <strong>de</strong>l\mit. such ,issues as the problem of<br />

one slOgleregIO~ISa mIstaken approach. We will<br />

not erect a bamer before the <strong>de</strong>mocratization of<br />

the country," the tpp-brass official affirmed.<br />

38


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RMSTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

Ongoing pain of human rights in Turkey<br />

Turkish Daily News<br />

ANKARA- The state of human rights in Turkey<br />

has been one of the main issues on the country's<br />

agenda, especially in its relalions with Europe, since<br />

the military coup d'<strong>et</strong>at in 1980.<br />

After the coup, the appalling state of human rights<br />

in Turkey isolated the country from many European<br />

institutions. B<strong>et</strong>ween 1980 and 1983, around 600,000<br />

people in the country were taken into police custody<br />

ID relation with the political violence during the late<br />

1970s. Most of tnem were reportedly mistreated or<br />

tortured during their questionmg)n police and gendarmerie<br />

stations. .<br />

The international.human 'rights moi'l.itoring group,<br />

Amnesty International (AI), .claimed tflat 230 people<br />

were tortured to <strong>de</strong>ath while un<strong>de</strong>r custody after the<br />

coup. (The Turkish ~ovemment in 1989 accerted that<br />

some 130 people nught have died because ..o to.nure.<br />

Thirty-four court cases were opened agamst mterrogator<br />

policemen.)<br />

As a result of mass trials in military courts, many<br />

people were sentenced to <strong>de</strong>ath and long prison terms.<br />

Fifty-three of the <strong>de</strong>ath penalties had been executed<br />

by 1983.<br />

That year elections were held in Turkey with certain<br />

milltary restrictions, and the civilian Motherland<br />

Party (ANAP) government and its lI)ajority in<br />

Parliament suspen<strong>de</strong>d the executions.<br />

But human rights violations did not stop in Turkey.<br />

In the meantime, Turkey has signed a number of<br />

DEP.' Is it possible to<br />

stop millions of Kurds?<br />

By Emre Gökalp<br />

Turkish Daily News<br />

ANKARA- The Kurdish-based<br />

Democracy Party (DEP), which is<br />

on the verge of closure, believes it<br />

is possible to stop the party, but<br />

asks, "Is it possible to stop millions<br />

of Kurds?" Remzi Kartal,<br />

Van <strong>de</strong>puty and spokesman for the<br />

party, said Friday that Turkey<br />

would hot and could not solve its<br />

problems, including the Kurdish<br />

problem, as long as the chief of<br />

staff in Anka~a, the emergency<br />

rule region governor in DiyarbaIar<br />

and tribal lea<strong>de</strong>rs' as representatives<br />

of the Kurdish people in the<br />

Southeast continued to <strong>de</strong>termine<br />

the policies of Tu~key. Kartal, in a<br />

telephone interviê~ with Turkish<br />

Daily News, said that the state was<br />

<strong>de</strong>nying the DEP, which sought<br />

solutions to thecurrent problems<br />

of Turkey, especially the Kurdish<br />

issue, by <strong>de</strong>mocratIc means and<br />

without damaging Turkey's integrity,<br />

its right to exIst.<br />

The office of the chief prosecutot<br />

of the High Appeals Court filed<br />

a case Thursday at the Constitutional<br />

Court <strong>de</strong>manding the closure<br />

of the Democracy Party.<br />

An announcement from the<br />

prosecutor's office said that it had<br />

mdicted the DEP on charges of violating<br />

the Preamble and Articles<br />

2, 3, 14 and 69 of the Constitution<br />

and Articles 78 and 181 of the Political<br />

Parties' Law.<br />

"The current militarist administration<br />

has darkened the future of<br />

Turkey. All responsible people and<br />

. institutions should react to tbis <strong>de</strong>cision<br />

on the closure of the DEP<br />

for the sake of Turkey's future,"<br />

Kartal ad<strong>de</strong>d.<br />

At least 54 activists and politicians<br />

affiliated to the DEP which<br />

has 17 <strong>de</strong>puties in Parliament, including<br />

a member of Parliament<br />

from Mardin, Mehm<strong>et</strong> Sincar,<br />

have been shot by uni<strong>de</strong>ntified assassins<br />

over the past two years.<br />

DEP Chairman Ya~ar Kaya who<br />

has been arrested for "spreading<br />

separatist propaganda and publishing<br />

leafl<strong>et</strong>s of a-terrorist organiza-<br />

international conventions on prevention of torture and<br />

mistreatment of prisoners and <strong>de</strong>tainees, though its<br />

not possible to say that Turkish security personnel<br />

have fully compiled with the principles stated by<br />

those conventions and ratified by the government.<br />

. For example, according to recent reports, eight people<br />

have died un<strong>de</strong>r police or gendarmerie custody<br />

since the beginning of 1993.<br />

A ninth person reportedly died after being released,<br />

reportedly because of the torture he was subjected to<br />

while in custody.<br />

. The violations of human rights in Turkey caused<br />

human rights activists to g<strong>et</strong> tog<strong>et</strong>her and institutionalize.<br />

The Human Rights Association (!HD), which was<br />

established in 1986, was the first soci<strong>et</strong>y to reveal the<br />

violations systematically and promote the principles<br />

of human rights. Then came the Human Rights<br />

Foundation (!HV) in 1990 with a rather specialized<br />

cause: the rehabilitation of victims of torture and documentation<br />

of human rights violations. Since they<br />

were established, these two institutions have been<br />

contributing to the b<strong>et</strong>terment of the state of human<br />

rights in Turkey with their works and criticism, thus<br />

contributing to the strengthening of <strong>de</strong>mocracy in the<br />

country.<br />

TDN opens its pages to the secr<strong>et</strong>aries-general of<br />

both organizations as guest writers on the current<br />

human rights situation in Turkey, towards a more<br />

open and civil soci<strong>et</strong>y.<br />

tion (the PKK)" is still in jail.<br />

The closure of the DEP, Kartal<br />

went on to say, is the worst thing<br />

that can happen for Turkey. "It is<br />

possible to close down the DEP,<br />

but is it possible to stoe millions of Kurds. What will they<br />

do to stop the~ ~ peorle. '<br />

Chief of Genera Staff General Dogan Güre~ told the<br />

pro-Islamic daily Zaman on Friday that the members of<br />

Parliament representing the DEP were not the representatives<br />

of the people, but the representatives of the PKK.<br />

"Because they have entered into the elections on the or<strong>de</strong>rs<br />

of the PKK, their existence in Parliament has been <strong>de</strong>creasing<br />

the effectiveness of Parliament," the paper quoted<br />

'Güre~ as saying. Meanwhile, a press release from the DEP<br />

on the closure of the party said that the DEP is a party<br />

which has appeared to fill an existing political gap in the<br />

country.<br />

"If the party is closed down, there will be new formations<br />

instead,' it ad<strong>de</strong>d. "Such political <strong>de</strong>cisions will not<br />

solve the problems of the country."<br />

If the DEP is closed down by the Constitutional Court,<br />

the parliamentary immunities of a total of 17 DEP <strong>de</strong>putie~<br />

will be lifted, and they will be tried by a state security court<br />

(DGM). The prosecutIOn is <strong>de</strong>manding an investigation into<br />

their separaltst activities, and the <strong>de</strong>ath sentence may be<br />

given if they are foun~ guilty.<br />

Earlier last month, Prime MinisterTansu Ciller said that<br />

she was in favor of lifting the immunity of some of the<br />

DEP <strong>de</strong>puties, opening the way for trials which could put<br />

them on <strong>de</strong>ath row.<br />

39


REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEYOKA<br />

ÇAPÊ~RMSTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />

~<br />

~ I questIOn<br />

, uman<br />

IHV<br />

R · h t<br />

rehabilitation<br />

Izmir.<br />

Association<br />

Human Rights Foundation<br />

Funding of the physical and psychological<br />

The Human Rights Foundation of treatment of torture victims is provi<strong>de</strong>d for<br />

' Turkey (lHV -standing for Insan through donations and supportto the individ-<br />

Haklari Vakfi) is a nongovernmental ual projects by national and international<br />

organization which was established nongovernmental institutions, ~nd .individuin<br />

1990 by 32 people.<br />

aIs. IHV' s second field of activity ISthe sys-<br />

Working on the principle of individual pro- tematic documentation of human rights abus- ,<br />

jects, the IHV has two main fields of activity. es in Turkey.<br />

gives priority to 'the rehabilitation of ' The mV documentation center prints<br />

victims of torture. '<br />

daily, weekly an<br />

d<br />

year<br />

I<br />

~ reports.on t<br />

h<br />

e VIOa-<br />

. I<br />

The foundation has s<strong>et</strong> up three torture tions of human fights III Turkey.<br />

centers in Ankara, Istanbul and Subscriptions to these reports provi<strong>de</strong> addi-<br />

tional funds to the foundation to be used<br />

H<br />

, 19 S So far hundreds of people have been again in documentation activities, The sub-<br />

,affected by torture they were subjected to scription address is: Menek~e 2 Sokak, 16/6-<br />

, while in police and gendarmerie custody.' 7,06640, KlZllay, Ankara.<br />

What are human rights?<br />

In<br />

he Human Rights Association ' . '" ' ' ..<br />

T(IHo-standing for Insan Haklan Turkey, t~e main queStlon IS: w,hat Islatureand the carelessness and un~llhn.g-<br />

Oernegi) was established on July are hum.an nghts? Now eve.nofficiaIs nessof the government and all officiaI clr-<br />

17, 1986; by 98 people, including ~re ta.1klngabo.ut huma~ nghts. The cles. . . ' '<br />

aca<strong>de</strong>mics, authors, jurists, engineers, .. Issue ISev~n being mentIOnedo~ tele- , There I~a fall~re on alllevels to search for<br />

architects journalists and sorne relatives of. VISion.The Turkish g?vernment has ~lgned <strong>de</strong>m.ocratlcsolutlons.<br />

prisoners.' ' .' , al~ost every. accord In Europe and !n the Villages .are burned, towns are evacuated,<br />

There were two prior initiatives to estab- U nlled NatIOns .about huma~ fights. <strong>de</strong>mo,nstratlng.groups ,are ~red upon, people<br />

lish a human rights association in Turkey However, .the q~estlon of human nghts !TIust are ki!led ~unn~ h?u~e raids and mur<strong>de</strong>r~d<br />

in 1946 and 1962 but they did not last very be so.m<strong>et</strong>hlngdifferent than the ~uman nghts ' by. um<strong>de</strong>~tl~ed mdlv!duals, p~ople are Stlll<br />

long., ' , 'mentlOned.so frequently byoffIclals. dYing.whJI~In <strong>de</strong>tentIOnand disappearances<br />

Th ' , tablishment of the third one came To~ay, If you ~ery clearly state that the are stl~l~akingplace. .<br />

t ~ es h Turkish soci<strong>et</strong>y nee<strong>de</strong>d to Kurdls.h.problem In Turk~y must be solved Off1c~als, however, are talking about<br />

~ a !me w en und reated b ' by pohtlcal and <strong>de</strong>mocratlc means, you may human nghts more than ever.<br />

and he~l the wo ,s ~ . y be, co'nsi<strong>de</strong>red a traitor. If you give some Systematic torture and mur<strong>de</strong>r are still on<br />

, the - th~~, p~tally -; con~lnulngmartial facts about the violations 'Ofsecurity forces the top of the list of human rights violations<br />

law. ~dmmlstratlO~ ~nd particularly b~ the in the Southeast, you may be accused of tak- in Turkey. What is more, these drastic viola-<br />

~eclsl~ns of the~lIhtary courts. That sltua- ing si<strong>de</strong>s with the PKK (outlawed Kurdistan tions are verified by the official reports of<br />

lIOnm!ght explain why the IHO h~s gro~n Workers' Party). ' the Council of Europe and also by the United<br />

so qUickly to <strong>de</strong>fend human fights In What happens to Kurdishpeople who Nations. ' ,<br />

Turkey. ' .' 'leave their towns and villages in the There are all kinds of attacks on journal-<br />

Irhas57 branch'offtces and l1lore than Southeast and move to the Western and ists, on the freedom of expression and con-<br />

22,000 members t~roughout the country. Southern parts of Turkey? What kind of Tela- ,science, on human rights ?rg~nizations and<br />

So far, the IHO ~ efforts have not been tions do they have with the Turkish commu- on <strong>de</strong>mocraticmass orgamzatlOns and even<br />

costless. Many ,of ItS l1)embers have been nities there?, on political parties.<br />

prosecuted by courts because of state~ents Are they confronted with hostile feelings, Whenever the PKK terrorist activities<br />

they ma<strong>de</strong> on the, state of ~.um::lnflght.s. can they findjobs easily.and can they fit i~to intensify, o~ficials.8.!'eready with the most<br />

Some IHP executlyes! especially those In the soci<strong>et</strong>y Withsome minor problems which un<strong>de</strong>mocratic r<strong>et</strong>ahatl?nplans and un<strong>de</strong>moc- '<br />

the Kurdish secesslOmsm struck southeast have nothing to do with resentment of the tatie recommendatIons of new laws or<br />

Turkey, have been killed. The mur<strong>de</strong>r Kurds? ,amendments to bring back the implementacas~s<br />

are'still unsolved., "These observations and questions concern tion of capital punishment and more severe<br />

Eighteen branch offices of t~e ~ssocla- some of the toughest human rights problems. punishments as we see even today.<br />

tion in the East and Southeast have been in Turkey, and what is more <strong>de</strong>vastating is, However, in spite of these grim facts,<br />

closed for the lime being, mainly because the fact that no one is doing anything offi- <strong>de</strong>aths, mur<strong>de</strong>rs; misery and sadness, there is<br />

of threats received by the members. ' cially to resolve such problems which may in a tremendous attempt by, the <strong>de</strong>mocratic-<br />

The association was recently awar<strong>de</strong>d, the future lead to new violations arid prob- min<strong>de</strong>d in Turkey te;>stop all of these viola-<br />

ECU 100,000 by the European Union as a lems' ,like' theone in former tions. "<br />

contribution to its activities toward a b<strong>et</strong>ter Yugoslavia.' " "," .' " Wh<strong>et</strong>her this <strong>de</strong>mocratlc atte!TIptwill su~standard<br />

of human rights. Everybody talks about huma~ fights In ,ceed or not largely rests on t~e JOintand um-<br />

40<br />

Turkey, but the concr<strong>et</strong>e human nghts. prob- versal efforts of the human nghts movement<br />

lems continue due to lack of <strong>de</strong>mocratlC leg- throughout the world. '


REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ~RNISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE lA PRENSA~BASlN ÖZETi<br />

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FRA0447 4 GI 0251 FRA /AFP-KA46<br />

France-KU1'~<strong>de</strong>s<br />

Une douzaine <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s en grève <strong>de</strong> la faim ~ Strasbourg<br />

STRASBOURG, 6 déc (AFP) - Une douzaine <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> Turquie observent une<br />

grève <strong>de</strong> la faim ~ Strasbourg <strong>de</strong>puis samedi pour protester contre la<br />

dissolution d'associations kur<strong>de</strong>s en France, ont annoncé lundi <strong>de</strong>s<br />

responsables <strong>de</strong> l'Association <strong>de</strong>s tt~availleurs du Kurdistan, une <strong>de</strong>s<br />

organisations dissoutes. .<br />

Deux décr<strong>et</strong>s ont été publiés vendredi au Journal officiel portant sur la<br />

dissolution du Comité du Kurdistan, <strong>de</strong> la Fédération <strong>de</strong>s associations<br />

culturelles du Kurdistan <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s sept associations regroupées par c<strong>et</strong>te même<br />

fédét~ation.<br />

Les grévistes <strong>de</strong> la faim enten<strong>de</strong>nt protester contre la dissolution <strong>de</strong> leur<br />

association "ql.lÎexiste pacifiquement <strong>de</strong>puis 1983 ~ Stt~asbout~g <strong>et</strong> est en<br />

relation constante avec les institutions sociales <strong>et</strong> administratives <strong>de</strong> la<br />

région", a déclaré ~ la presse Huseyin Elmali, représentant <strong>de</strong> l'association<br />

<strong>et</strong> membre <strong>de</strong> la Commission consultative <strong>de</strong>s étrangers <strong>de</strong> la ville <strong>de</strong><br />

Stt~asboI.wg.<br />

Les militants kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>nt également la libération immédiate <strong>de</strong>s 20<br />

Kur<strong>de</strong>s actuellement détenus en France après la rafle opérée le 18 novembre<br />

dans toute la France.<br />

POI.W Huseyin Elmali, lui-même at~t~êtépuis t~el~ché, "ces at~t~estations<br />

fortement médiatisées ne sont qu'une opération <strong>de</strong> mark<strong>et</strong>ing pour que la France<br />

ven<strong>de</strong> tt~anquillement ses at~mes au t~égime tUt~C qui s' en s<strong>et</strong>~t contt~e les Kut~<strong>de</strong>s".<br />

L'Alsace compte environ 7.000 Kur<strong>de</strong>s sur une population estimée en France<br />

~ près <strong>de</strong> 80.000.<br />

lh/dbe/sp<br />

AFP 061829 DEC 93<br />

A.F.P. - AgenceFrance Presse-A.F.P. - AgenceFrancePresse- A.F.P. - AgenceFrance Presse-A.F.P. - AgenceFrance Press<br />

FRA0298 4 I 0187 SUI /AFP-IJ27<br />

SIJisse-Kut~<strong>de</strong>s<br />

Pas d'interdiction du PKK en Suisse, mais surveillance accrue<br />

BERNE, 6 déc (AFP) - Le gouvernement suisse a décidé lundi une série <strong>de</strong><br />

mesures <strong>de</strong> surveillance du Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du Kurdistan (PKK,<br />

séparatiste en lutte armée contt~e le gouvernement turc), mais ne veut pas<br />

interdire c<strong>et</strong>te organisation.<br />

Alors que l'Allemagn. <strong>et</strong> la France viennent d'interdire le PKK <strong>et</strong> ses<br />

organisations annexes, la Suisse estime, comme la Belgique <strong>et</strong> les Pays-Bas,<br />

qu'une int<strong>et</strong>~diction, <strong>et</strong> donc un passage ~ la clan<strong>de</strong>stinité, rendrait plus<br />

difficile<br />

Koll<strong>et</strong>~.<br />

'la surveillance du PKK, a expliqué le ministre <strong>de</strong> la police Arnold<br />

Cependant les cadres i<strong>de</strong>ntifiés du PKK se verront refuser l'entt~ée en<br />

Suisse <strong>et</strong> les contrOles d'i<strong>de</strong>ntité <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> port d'armes seront renforcés dans<br />

toute la Confédération.<br />

L'activité du PKK, mouvement très structuré qui est accusé <strong>de</strong> recourir au<br />

chantage pOUt~ extorqu<strong>et</strong>~ <strong>de</strong>s fonds, constitue "un sét~ieux dang<strong>et</strong>~" pOUt~ la<br />

Suisse, a déclaré M. Koller. Le ministre a rappelé qu'en juin, un manifestant<br />

kur<strong>de</strong> avait été tué par un coup <strong>de</strong> feu tiré <strong>de</strong>puis l'ambassa<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Turquie ~<br />

Berne.<br />

jms/ms<br />

AFP 061519 DEC 93<br />

41


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN OZETi<br />

/ ...~..: .:.<br />

By FREDERICK<br />

PAINTON<br />

If only there were hal1nony among us,<br />

If we were to obey a single one of us,<br />

He would reduce our vassalage un<strong>de</strong>r<br />

Turks, Arabs and Persians, all of them.<br />

We would pelfect religion, our state,<br />

And would educate ourselves in leaming<br />

andwisdom.<br />

-AHMED KHANE<br />

17TH CENTURY KURDISH POET<br />

THE WISTFUL LA.MENT FOR A QUARrelsome<br />

mountain people rings as<br />

true today as it did 400 years ago. It<br />

is as if the Kurds-like France's<br />

Bourbons-have remembered everything<br />

but learned nothing from their<br />

long, bitter history. E\'er di\'i<strong>de</strong>d among<br />

themselves by blood feuds and clan rivalries,<br />

they still feel oppressed by the rulers-<br />

Turk, Arab, Persian-whose kingdoms,<br />

empires and governments have<br />

claimed the Kurds' allegiance. Where they<br />

live is known as the Land of Insolence, a<br />

spine of mountains that curls through<br />

southeastern Turkey into Syria, Iraq, Iran<br />

and parts of Armenia. This is the Kurds'<br />

fortress home-a forbidding country of<br />

jagged peaks and <strong>de</strong>ep valleys that nourishes<br />

dreams of in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nce born of a<br />

legendary past 3,000 years ago. Down the<br />

centuries the Kurds have rebelled against<br />

all their rulers. In just the past iO years<br />

they have risen against the Turks 16 times,<br />

only to be ultimately crushed; similarly.<br />

they have sought to throw off Iraqi and<br />

Iranian rule, only to me<strong>et</strong> the same fate.<br />

This time, though, is different. What<br />

began as a scattershot armed insurgency<br />

nine years ago in Turkey's mountainous<br />

southeast corner is approaching the dimensions<br />

of a full-blown war that in the<br />

past 12 months has spread from 10 to 20<br />

provinces. It is the longest-running Kurdish<br />

rebellion, the most successful and the<br />

bloodiest in Turkish history.<br />

The number of combatants and civilians<br />

killed on both si<strong>de</strong>s so far is officially<br />

put at 11,000 and climbing at an average of<br />

24<br />

TIME. DECDIBER 6, 1993<br />

42


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA<br />

STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />

30 <strong>de</strong>aths a day. At the heavily guar<strong>de</strong>d<br />

Turkish base in Diyarbakir, the capital of<br />

the embattled southeast, the scene is reminiscent<br />

of Danang at the height of the<br />

Vi<strong>et</strong>nam conflict. Half a million refugees<br />

from the fighting, includingperhaps thousands<br />

of un<strong>de</strong>rground Kurdish agents, are<br />

crow<strong>de</strong>d into the city. Huey and Black<br />

Hawk assault helicopters and Cobra gunships<br />

line the runway next to rows of F-4<br />

fighter-bombers that are flying day and<br />

night strikes against Kurdish guerrilla<br />

strongholds in the mountains. Around<br />

200,000 troops are <strong>de</strong>ployed in the surrounding<br />

region-regular army units as<br />

well as special antiguerrilla forces and village<br />

guards. Currently 10,000 special<br />

troopers are engaged in an offensive <strong>de</strong>signed<br />

to root the rebels out of their hi<strong>de</strong>outs<br />

by the end of December.<br />

This is a dirty war, with bloody ambushes<br />

and punitive search-and-<strong>de</strong>stroy<br />

missions-and the civilian population<br />

trapped in b<strong>et</strong>ween. At night the guerriIlas<br />

are in control of many roads; during the<br />

day they throw up surprise roadblocks,<br />

stopping civilian and military vehicles and<br />

often shooting the occupants.<br />

While some analysts still <strong>de</strong>scribe the<br />

conflict as "a limited civil war;' the limits<br />

are clearly expanding. With increasing<br />

<strong>de</strong>speration the rebels are trying to drive<br />

Turkish authority from the heart of the<br />

southeast. Politicians and journalist~ are<br />

threatened with <strong>de</strong>ath if caught in the<br />

area. The Kurdish extremists have banned<br />

alcohol, smoking and Turkish newspapers.<br />

Oil companies, including Mobil,<br />

have been forced to shut down operations<br />

and pull out. Assymbols ofTurkish "imperialism,"<br />

schoolteachers have been special<br />

targ<strong>et</strong>s: 47 have been killed so far this year<br />

in a campaign that also burned down 500<br />

schools and forced 3,060 to close. Over the<br />

P.K.K. GUERRILLAS in the Zagros<br />

Mountains: The current insurrection is the<br />

most ferocious ever; below, Turkish artillery<br />

firing on rebei positions<br />

past three months, the insurgents have<br />

killed more than 200 Kurdish women and<br />

children in acts of pure terrorism aimed to<br />

ensure that no one cooperates with the<br />

Turks.<br />

ILNUR CEVIK, THE EDITOR OF ANKARA'S<br />

English-language Turkish Daily<br />

News, pronounces the Kurdish guerrilla<br />

movement "a serious threat to the<br />

Turkish state." Prime Minister Tansu<br />

Ciller, 47, in office for only five months,<br />

this month admitted that "facing us is a<br />

terrorist movement that has been turned<br />

into a spreading militia movement. Its<br />

purpose is not to bring <strong>de</strong>mocracy and<br />

welfare to the people but to split the country.<br />

They kill whoever crosses their path,<br />

wh<strong>et</strong>her it's Turk, Kurd, man, woman or<br />

child. They are h)'ing to prevent March<br />

municipal elections. But we wiII not l<strong>et</strong><br />

them."<br />

The threat is serious in militai)'<br />

terms-and insidious in its slow polarization<br />

of Turkish soci<strong>et</strong>y. The risk is not that<br />

the government will crumble un<strong>de</strong>r the<br />

guerriIlas' assault, but that the steady escalation<br />

of the conflict could in the end <strong>de</strong>rail<br />

<strong>de</strong>mocracy. That possibility is <strong>de</strong>eply<br />

troubling to Turks as well as to their NATO<br />

allies and potential European Community<br />

partners who see Turkey as an anchor of<br />

stability and secularism in a strategic area<br />

wracked by <strong>et</strong>hnic conflict and political<br />

and religious tension. To the north, in the<br />

Caucasus, war flickers in three now in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt<br />

former Sovi<strong>et</strong> republics-Georgia,<br />

Armenia and Azerbaijan-and Russian<br />

military power seeks to reassert itself.<br />

To the south and east, old enmities smol<strong>de</strong>r<br />

among Syria, Iraq and Iran. Above all,<br />

there is increasing evi<strong>de</strong>nce that Armenia<br />

has joined Iran, Iraq, Syria and Greece in<br />

giving secr<strong>et</strong> support to the Kurdish guerrillas.<br />

For the first time this month a Turkish<br />

Prime Minister publicly accused the<br />

country's neighbors of helping the insurgents.<br />

Warned CiIler: "We are making it<br />

clear to these people that if they are<br />

friends, they must show their friendship.<br />

If they aren't, we wiII do what is necessary:'<br />

What is necessal)', it was explained,<br />

wiII range from diplomatic pressures to<br />

military strikes into these countries to<br />

reach rebel bases and insurgency lea<strong>de</strong>rs<br />

operating there.<br />

For <strong>de</strong>ca<strong>de</strong>s governments in Ankara dismissed<br />

unrest in the remote Kurdish mountain<br />

strongholds as banditry. The Kurds were<br />

consi<strong>de</strong>red a <strong>de</strong>prived, backward and tradition-bound<br />

people. Use of their language<br />

and Kurdish-language newspapers were<br />

outlawed, as were most other ex'Pressions of<br />

their distinct culture. Officially Turks referred<br />

to Kurds as "mountain Thrks" and expected<br />

them to assimilate. Those who did<br />

were accepted as Turks, and many rose to<br />

prominent positions.<br />

TIME, DECEMBER 6,1993<br />

25<br />

43


REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RwISTA<br />

,<br />

STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASlN ÖZETi<br />

The dismissive approach to Kurdish <strong>de</strong>l' its command. Today the<br />

--'~ range and power, or<strong>de</strong>red<br />

grievances began to change in the mid-'80s P,K.K. claims to have a hardcore<br />

~ his guerrillas to attack tarwhen<br />

unrest flared into a concerted terror<br />

force of 5,000 highly<br />

~ g<strong>et</strong>s in 28 EuroPea'n cities,<br />

campaign conducted by the Kurdish Workers'<br />

trained guerrillas operating<br />

~ specifically Turki$h gov<strong>de</strong>dicated<br />

Party (P.K.K.), a militant Marxist group insi<strong>de</strong> Turkey, backed by as<br />

~ ernment and tourism of-<br />

to wresting Kurdish autonomy many as 150,000 militiamen<br />

-: fices and banks in Germany,<br />

from Ankara. In the years since then, the plus an estimated 2 million<br />

Switzerland, Britain<br />

P.K.K. has emerged, by most measures, as sympathizers among the 12<br />

and France. The blaze of<br />

the most l<strong>et</strong>hal terrorisFguerrilla organization<br />

million Kurds in Turkey's pop-<br />

',.violence last July, accom-<br />

in the world.<br />

ulation of 57 million people.<br />

p~nied by shouts of "Kur-<br />

In its ruthless disregard for human life, The P.K.K. can count on a<br />

distan lives!;' caught the<br />

the party is similar to Peru's Maoist Shining multimillion-dollar income<br />

attention of the world.<br />

Path movement today and Cambodia's that buys it relatively sophisticated<br />

weapomy, including<br />

French govern-<br />

This month the<br />

MASTERMIND ABDULLAH<br />

Khmer Rouge of the '70s. The first victims<br />

OCALAN: Known as Apo, he<br />

of P.K.K. terror were not Turks but Kurds, high-tech communications<br />

ment roun<strong>de</strong>d up<br />

is said to have "the<br />

thousands of countryfolk-men, women gear, and a n<strong>et</strong>work of agents compassion of a cobra" hundreds of Kurds<br />

and children-who were executed because and supporters in the Middle<br />

suspected of being<br />

village lea<strong>de</strong>rs had hesitated to throw in East and Europe. Much of the money is members of the P.K.K.; last week,<br />

their lot with the P.K.K.<br />

raised through so-called contributions-in Germany outlawed the P.K.K. on<br />

'''''hile some Kurds turned to the guer~ some cases plain extortion-from the estimated<br />

its soil.<br />

rillas out of fear, others joined their ranks<br />

1.5 million Kurds working in Eu-<br />

Fittingly enough, the name<br />

in reaction against the Turkish military's rope and from Kurd-owned businesses Ocalan means revenge in Kurdish.<br />

bloody reprisals, including the bombing or that are forced to pay a "revolutionary The guerrilla lea<strong>de</strong>r got the name<br />

partial <strong>de</strong>struction and som<strong>et</strong>imes evacuation<br />

in memory ofhis father who, Ocaed<br />

of Kurdish mountain haml<strong>et</strong>s suspect-<br />

Ian claims, was killed in an uprising<br />

of giving aid to the P.K.K. Support also<br />

against the Turks in 1925. A brilliant<br />

<strong>de</strong>rived from the fact that the P.K.K.'S campaign<br />

stu<strong>de</strong>nt, Ocalan won a schol-<br />

put the Kurdish question on the front<br />

arship to the prestigious faculty of<br />

pages and ma<strong>de</strong> it Turkey's most compelling<br />

political science in Ankara, the<br />

issue.<br />

training center for Turkey's top<br />

When the P.K.K. launched its first major<br />

civil servants. He quickly sought<br />

offensive from bases in Syria in 1984, it had<br />

a few hundred ill-equipped irregulars un-<br />

44<br />

tax:' Millions of dollars more come from<br />

the drug tra<strong>de</strong>, where the P.K.K. is thought<br />

to control30% to 40% of the flow ofheroin<br />

from Afghanistan, Iran and Lebanon<br />

through Thrkey to Europe.<br />

If the Kurdish insurgency is recognized<br />

as the biggest challenge facing the Turkish<br />

government, one man can be held chiefly<br />

responsible. He is Abdullah ("Apo") Oca-<br />

Ian, a 44-year-old revolutionary born of a<br />

landless family in the heart of<br />

what is now the embattled<br />

Kurdish country. Ocalan is <strong>de</strong>scribed<br />

by one journalist who<br />

m<strong>et</strong> him repeatedly as "having<br />

the compassion of a cobra:'<br />

From his headquarters in<br />

Damascus, Ocalan is said to<br />

wield uncontested authority<br />

over the P.K.K. Last March he<br />

<strong>de</strong>clared "a unilateral ceasefire"<br />

and called on Ankara to<br />

open a public discussion of<br />

Kurdish rights. The government<br />

respon<strong>de</strong>d by limiting<br />

military operations, but the<br />

truce en<strong>de</strong>d abruptlyon May<br />

24 with a massacre that enraged<br />

the Turkish army. P.K.K.<br />

commandos attacked a bus in<br />

the southeast and executed<br />

the 33 unarmed army recruits<br />

aboard by shooting each in the<br />

face. According to Unal Erkan,<br />

the supergovernor of Diyarbakir,<br />

Ocalan switched tactics because<br />

his P.K.K. forces, were<br />

suffering heavy losses and he<br />

nee<strong>de</strong>d to show his strength.<br />

Three weeks after breaking<br />

his own truce, Ocalan<br />

vowed at a press conference<br />

"the most ferocious" campaign<br />

against the Thrks and, in<br />

.,.,.'.";,~,.,:, a <strong>de</strong>monstration of the P.K.K.'S<br />

"~:~~~<br />

~.,


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ.RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA.BASIN ÖZET;<br />

er military coup, we want an end to <strong>de</strong>mocracy<br />

in Thrkey. Then we will win:' It<br />

is difficult to see how Kurds, as members<br />

of a minority, could possibly benefit from<br />

a breakdown of law and or<strong>de</strong>r in Turkey.<br />

Already some Kurds have been fired<br />

or refused jobs by Turkish employers.<br />

Tensions b<strong>et</strong>ween the two communities<br />

are rising. Foreseeing an intensification<br />

of the fighting in the southeast this winter,<br />

Turkish journalist Ism<strong>et</strong> Ims<strong>et</strong> asks,<br />

"\\That is going to be the reaction of the<br />

At the same time, most experts and<br />

diplomatic observers agree that there<br />

cannot be a purely military solution.<br />

While Ankara's latest policy calls for<br />

stepped-up military pressure against the<br />

P.K.K., it also envisages generous economic<br />

aid to the <strong>de</strong>pressed southeastern<br />

region and calls for cultural rights for<br />

Kurds, with the aim of winning "hearts<br />

and minds:'<br />

As Ciller explains, "The most important<br />

problem is to separate the terrorist<br />

there are grounds for pru<strong>de</strong>nt optimism.<br />

Evi<strong>de</strong>nce is mounting that the Kurds are<br />

becoming increasingly war-weary, disinclined<br />

to support, much less sacrifice<br />

for, the P.K.K. Last week 12 Kurdish tribal<br />

lea<strong>de</strong>rs representing a million of their<br />

compatriots m<strong>et</strong> in Ankara with Ciller<br />

and asked for heavier weapons with<br />

which to <strong>de</strong>fend their villages against<br />

the P.K.K.<br />

Then there are Kurds like Isiklar,<br />

whose courage and common sense give<br />

A KURDISH REFUGEE CAMP ON THE TURKEY.IRAQ BORDER: Iran, Iraq, Syria, Greece and Annenia have been accused of helpingthe rebels<br />

West if all this finally leads to a straight<br />

Kurd-Thrk fight all over the country?"<br />

\\!hile that prospect is unimaginable to<br />

most Turks, the situation is precarious.<br />

Summing up a wi<strong>de</strong>spread view, Birand<br />

says he does not believe in a quick solution.<br />

"We have a long and bloody struggle ahead<br />

of us;' he says, "more <strong>de</strong>ad and woun<strong>de</strong>d,<br />

just to see which si<strong>de</strong> will blink first. Don't<br />

forg<strong>et</strong>, the Thrkish army has its reputation<br />

to think of, above all. Ifit doesn't succeed in<br />

crushing the P.K.K., the failure will make it<br />

look bad:' According to Kurdish intellectuals<br />

and parliamentarians, it is the military,<br />

rather than government or parliament, that<br />

is making policy toward the Kurdish insurgency<br />

these days.<br />

from the civilian. That is the start:' In any<br />

case, as former Kurdish parliamentary<br />

Deputy Fehmi Isiklar asks, "\\Thorn can<br />

the government talk to;' without a party<br />

in parliament that represents the Kurds?<br />

Says a leading Thrkish businessman:<br />

"There is no way this government, as any<br />

previous government, can make concessions<br />

to the Kurds until the fighting stops.<br />

Any government that does so faces <strong>de</strong>feat<br />

at the polls." Like her pre<strong>de</strong>cessors,<br />

Ciller initially hinted at granting cultural<br />

autonomy to the Kurds, but with elections<br />

coming up in March and conservative<br />

Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Suleyman Demirelleaning<br />

on her to <strong>de</strong>sist, Ciller has backed off.<br />

Although the winter will be grim,<br />

reason for hope. He sees progress. "Already<br />

the Turks admit that Kurds now exist;'<br />

he says, "that we actually are a separate<br />

race of people. I want Turkish public opinion<br />

to bring the bloodshed to an end. I believe<br />

in the Thrkish state. There is some<br />

good in it and some bad. But we are trying<br />

to <strong>de</strong>mocratize it:'<br />

The problem, of course, is not with<br />

Isiklar and Kurds like him, but with<br />

Ocalan and his followers. As long as<br />

they <strong>de</strong>termine the course of the struggle<br />

and as long as Ankara feels it cannot<br />

offer concessions, peace will be a long<br />

way off. -Reporfed by Mehmef All<br />

Kis/ali/Ankara, Naomi Morris/Berlin and James<br />

Wil<strong>de</strong>/Siirf<br />

TIME, DECEMBER6. 1993<br />

27<br />

45


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RMSTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

Tribune 6 décembre 1993<br />

SUITE AU COUP DE FILET ANTI PKK<br />

Un Kur<strong>de</strong> lyonnais<br />

assigné à rési<strong>de</strong>nce<br />

Un comité <strong>de</strong> soutien a rencontré le préf<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> police, afin<br />

<strong>de</strong> protester contre c<strong>et</strong>te décision<br />

Près <strong>de</strong> quinze. jours après<br />

la' vaste opération <strong>de</strong> police<br />

dirigée contre. les' membres,<br />

présumés ,du Parti <strong>de</strong>s Travailleurs<br />

du Kurdistan (PKK), le<br />

porte-parole <strong>de</strong> la communauté<br />

kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Rhône-Alpes S'est vu<br />

notifier un arrêté ,d'assignation<br />

à rési<strong>de</strong>nce dans un village<br />

proc"e <strong>de</strong> Tours.<br />

Mustapha Kisa avait été interpellé<br />

le 18 novembre <strong>de</strong>rnier,<br />

avec plusieurs <strong>de</strong> ses<br />

coreligjonnaires; Après quel- ,<br />

ques heures <strong>de</strong> gar<strong>de</strong> à vue, il "<br />

avait été hbéré <strong>et</strong> .aucun~ pour- ,<br />

suite judiciaire n'avait été<br />

entreprise contre lui.<br />

Finalement, <strong>et</strong> alors qu'il se<br />

:~endait à <strong>Paris</strong>, mercredi, il a<br />

été arrêté par les gendarmes<br />

;sur l'autoroute A-6. Au cours<br />

<strong>de</strong> ce simple contrôle <strong>de</strong> routine,<br />

les militaires lui ,?nt notifié<br />

son assignation à rési<strong>de</strong>nce ,sur<br />

décision du ministère <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur<br />

en date du 30 novembre.<br />

Mustapha Kisa a aussitôt été<br />

invité à suivre les forces, <strong>de</strong><br />

l~ordre qui l'ont immédiatement<br />

conduit à Sainte-Maure-<strong>de</strong>-<br />

TourlilinE!,p<strong>et</strong>it vill~ge <strong>de</strong> la<br />

région l'le Tours.<br />

•Par ,ail(eurs',<strong>et</strong>: toujours siJr<br />

décision du ministère <strong>de</strong> l'intérieur,<br />

Mustapha Kisa fait l'obj<strong>et</strong>'<br />

d'un arrêté <strong>de</strong> reconduite à la<br />

frontière, assorti d'un sursi à<br />

exécution, mais applicable à<br />

tout moment.<br />

Vendredi après-midi, une<br />

délégation composée <strong>de</strong> représentants<br />

<strong>de</strong> SOS Racisme, du<br />

CentFil culturel œcuménique <strong>de</strong><br />

Villeurbanne, <strong>de</strong> la CIMADE, du<br />

CRARDA, du MRAP, <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />

Résistance Verte a rencontré'<br />

Marcel Leclerc, préf<strong>et</strong> adjoint à<br />

la sécurité.<br />

Au cours <strong>de</strong> l'entr<strong>et</strong>ien, ce<br />

comité a fait part <strong>de</strong> sa vive<br />

protestation à l'égard <strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>ux<br />

décisions ministérielles. « Mustapha<br />

Kisa n'est pas un. terroriste,<br />

soulignait Jean YI.ncent<br />

<strong>de</strong> SOS Raçisme. D a1lleu.rs<br />

,l'abandon <strong>de</strong> toute poursu~te<br />

judiciaire est la preuve qu.e(len<br />

'n'a ~té r<strong>et</strong>enu contre lUI. Ces<br />

'Srr~tés ne nous semblent pas<br />

fond~s <strong>et</strong> les avocats <strong>de</strong> Mustapha<br />

entreprendront <strong>de</strong> forme.r<br />

<strong>de</strong>s recours contre ces décIsions»'.<br />

En attendant, le jeune<br />

: homme est tenu <strong>de</strong>' « pointer»<br />

:chaque jour au commiss~riat<br />

'<strong>de</strong> Sainte-Maure-<strong>de</strong>-Touraine,<br />

'mais il reste libre <strong>de</strong> rencontrer<br />

, ses proches.<br />

Depuis le coup <strong>de</strong> fil<strong>et</strong> du<br />

18 novembre, Mustapha Kisa<br />

est le <strong>de</strong>uxième Kur<strong>de</strong> assigné<br />

à rési<strong>de</strong>nce. Une jeune femme<br />

avait fait l'obj<strong>et</strong> d'une décision<br />

similaire. Elle est actuelleme~t<br />

, tenue <strong>de</strong> rester dans \,Jn p<strong>et</strong>it<br />

village <strong>de</strong>s Pyrénées. ,<br />

Thatcher to Testify<br />

In Iraqi Sales Probe i<br />

By Richard Stevenson<br />

New York Times Service<br />

-LONDON- With the inquiry'<br />

iitto Britain's sales,of anns-making<br />

e?iuipment to Iraq shifting its sights<br />

t9;high-ranking government ministers,<br />

former Prime, Minister Margar<strong>et</strong><br />

Thatcher will f/lee public questpning<br />

Wednesday for the first<br />

ttpe about her role in the matter,<br />

officials said Monday. '<br />

Lady Thatcher, who hea<strong>de</strong>d the<br />

gg.vernment until November 1990,<br />

nearly four months after Presi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />

S~ddam Hussein's forces inva<strong>de</strong>d<br />

~iiwait, will be asked wh<strong>et</strong>her she<br />

.riiisled Parliament in 1989 by stat-<br />

'in,g that there had been no change<br />

~,the government's stated policy<br />

'l1arring the export to Iraq of tech-,<br />

n'ölogy that could be used in weapons<br />

production, officials involved<br />

in the inquiry said.<br />

, The former prime minister is to:<br />

testify to the quasi-judicial inquiry),<br />

INTERN:ATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 7; 1993<br />

which is hea<strong>de</strong>d by Lord' Justicë:<br />

Scott, a High Court judge. Lord<br />

'Justice Scott, who was appointed,<br />

Jast year by Prime Minister John<br />

~ajor, is to issue a public report<br />

next spring, but has no power to<br />

'rV)ke or recommend criminal<br />

charges. None of the testimony to<br />

ht~inquiry can bé used in any criminal<br />

case.<br />

'<br />

? Mr. Major, who served in a numb«r<br />

of positions in the Thatcher<br />

gbvernment, is scheduled to appear'<br />

before the inquiry next month and<br />

to face questions about what he'<br />

'knew of the exports of machine,<br />

t601s and other high-tech equipment<br />

to Iraq. Several other senior,<br />

,ministers, including the <strong>de</strong>fense<br />

s&r<strong>et</strong>ary, Malcolm Rifkind, and<br />

,ttie chanéellor of the Exchequer,<br />

I(enn<strong>et</strong>h Clarke, also will appear.<br />

The story that has unfol<strong>de</strong>d so<br />

far in seven months.oi püblïc hèâririgs<br />

is one featuring both the dramil<br />

of spycraft and the banality of<br />

bUreaucratic feuds and bungling.<br />

~At its heart was a tug-of-war<br />

within the British government durir.tgthe<br />

mid-198OS over how far to<br />

g9 in allowing sales of sophisticated<br />

machinery and other equipment<br />

by British companies, eager to do<br />

business with, Iraq. '<br />

Much of the questioning has cen- '<br />

tlèred on a <strong>de</strong>cision ma<strong>de</strong> by govemment<br />

ministers in 1988 to interpr<strong>et</strong><br />

more loosely the gui<strong>de</strong>lines'<br />

that had been adopted in 1985 barring<br />

the sale to Iraq of any equipnient<br />

that might have military pur-<br />

,ppses. Following the change, which<br />

apparently came in the wake of the '<br />

q;ase-fire in the war, b<strong>et</strong>ween Iraq<br />

aÎld Iran, government ministers approved<br />

a nuIDber of sales to Iraq,<br />

idcluding the export of machine ,<br />

tools that British intelligence had<br />

ronclu<strong>de</strong>d niight be used to make<br />

attiIlery sh,ells. . '<br />

, But according to testimony from<br />

a number of witnesses, there was<br />

often little coordination among<br />

various arms of the government on<br />

the issue. The officials responsible<br />

for applying the government's policy<br />

to day-to-day.<strong>de</strong>cisiori~making<br />

often were distracted or only dimly<br />

aware of repeated warnings by intelligence<br />

agencies of the possible<br />

military uses of the technology being<br />

sold to Baghdad.<br />

Throughout the inquiry, British,<br />

tra<strong>de</strong> officials have testified that<br />

they were primarily concerned<br />

about not causing British industry<br />

to miss out on opportunities to sell.<br />

Anthony Steadman, a former<br />

chief of the Department of Tra<strong>de</strong><br />

and Industry's export-licensing<br />

unit, told the Scott inquiry last<br />

week that he had ignored or failed<br />

to read intelligence rep,arts and bypassed<br />

normal procedures in approving<br />

machine-tool exports to<br />

Iraq in 1989.<br />

"Things would just g<strong>et</strong> scanned<br />

when perhaps more attention<br />

should have been paid to them,"<br />

Mr. Steadman testified.<br />

Mr. Steadman's boss, Eric Beston,<br />

the head of the Department of<br />

Tra<strong>de</strong> and Industry's export control<br />

branch from 1985 to 1990, testified<br />

last month that he was often<br />

more concerned with the export of<br />

antiques and "other large expensive<br />

things owned by richand powerful<br />

people" than with teChnology.<br />

46


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />

7 DECEMBRE 1993 I @ HEURES I<br />

Berne serre la vis au PKK mais ne l'interdit pas<br />

Contrairement à l'Allemagne <strong>et</strong> à la France, la Suisse ne condamne pas les activistes kur<strong>de</strong>s à la clan<strong>de</strong>stinité.<br />

En guerre ouverte contre le Gouvernement<br />

turc, le Parti <strong>de</strong>s<br />

travailleurs kur<strong>de</strong>s (PKK) donne<br />

fort à faire aux polices européennes.<br />

On ne compte pluS les attentats <strong>et</strong><br />

les règlements <strong>de</strong> compte qui lui<br />

sont imputés d'un bout à l'autre du<br />

continent Au point que l'Allemagne<br />

a décidé, il Ya dix jours, d'interdire<br />

ce mouvement La France a suivi<br />

peu après. La Suisse, elle, a dêcidé<br />

<strong>de</strong> ne pas imiter ses grands voisins.<br />

«L'interdiction du PK[{ serait une<br />

mesure contre-productive», a déclaré<br />

bier Arnold Koller. Le Conseil<br />

fédéral a en revanche décidé <strong>de</strong> renforcer<br />

les mesures <strong>de</strong> surveillance<br />

policière.<br />

Dans son rapport sur l'extrémisme<br />

du 16 mars 1992,le Conseil fédéral<br />

ne mâchait déjà pas ses mots à l'encontre<br />

du PKK. qu'il décrit comme<br />

un Parti communiste d'inspiration<br />

stalinienne aœusé <strong>de</strong> soutirer <strong>de</strong>s<br />

fonds à <strong>de</strong>s Turcs vivant en Suisse.<br />

«Une bonne douzaine d'assassinats<br />

commis dans toute l'Europe est imputée<br />

au PKK.»,relevait-il. «On soupçonne<br />

également le PKK.<strong>de</strong> soutenir<br />

<strong>de</strong>puis la Suisse sa lutte armée en<br />

Turquie.»<br />

Le 24 juin <strong>de</strong>rnier, les militants<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s m<strong>et</strong>taient le feu aux poudres<br />

en organisant <strong>de</strong> violentes manifestations<br />

dans une douzaine <strong>de</strong> villes<br />

européennes, dont Berne <strong>et</strong> Zurich.<br />

Résultat: un manifestant kur<strong>de</strong> tué<br />

par les services <strong>de</strong> sécurité <strong>de</strong> l'ambassa<strong>de</strong><br />

<strong>de</strong> Turquie à Berne. Le 19<br />

aoiit, la Suisse étaii à nouveau impliquée<br />

$ns le conflit kurdo-turc<br />

suite à l'enlèvement par leS rebelles<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux touristes suisses, re-<br />

~és un mois pluS tard. Début novembre<br />

enfin, la Suisse était touchée<br />

par une vague d'attentats<br />

contre <strong>de</strong>s intérêts turcs.<br />

Comme la Belgique<br />

<strong>et</strong> la HoIlari<strong>de</strong><br />

Jusqu'ici, le Conseil fédéral<br />

s'était borné à interdire le port<br />

d'armes aux ressortissants turcs.<br />

L'interdiction du PKK par l'Allemagne<br />

<strong>et</strong> la France l'a contraint<br />

à réévaluer sa position. Arnold<br />

Koller a cependant constaté,<br />

dans le cadre <strong>de</strong> la Conférence<br />

<strong>de</strong>s ministres européens <strong>de</strong> la<br />

Justice <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur qui s'est<br />

tenue la semaine passée à<br />

Bruxelles, que ses collègues<br />

étaient loin d'avoir une position<br />

unanime. C'est pourquoi, à l'instar<br />

<strong>de</strong> la Belgique <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la Hollan<strong>de</strong>,<br />

la Suisse. a renoncé à une<br />

mesure d'interdiction qui, d'une<br />

part, ne correspond pas à sa tradition<br />

<strong>et</strong>, d'autre part, ne ferait<br />

que rendre la surveillance plus<br />

difficile en renvoyant le PKK à<br />

la clan<strong>de</strong>stinité.<br />

Le Conseil fédéral estime cependant<br />

que les activités du PKK<br />

<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> ses satellites constituent un<br />

authentique danger pour la sécurité<br />

intérieure <strong>de</strong> la Suisse. Malgré<br />

toute la compréhension que<br />

i'on peut avoir pour les revendications<br />

du peuple kur<strong>de</strong>, affmn<strong>et</strong>oil,<br />

il n'est pas admissible que le<br />

conflit kurdo-turc soit exporté en<br />

Suisse.<br />

Conséquence: la Suisse interdira<br />

leur entrée aux cadres i<strong>de</strong>ntifiés<br />

du PKK, confisquera le matériel<br />

<strong>de</strong> propagan<strong>de</strong> incitant à la<br />

l/Ïolence <strong>et</strong> appliquera fermement<br />

la mesure d'interdiction du<br />

port d'armes. Par ailleurs, les<br />

cantons <strong>de</strong>vront intensifier la recherche<br />

<strong>d'information</strong>s sur les organisations<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s prêtes à re-<br />

.courir à la violence. Quant à la<br />

police fédérale, elle va intensifier<br />

la coopération avec les services<br />

<strong>de</strong> la Confédération, <strong>de</strong>s cantons<br />

<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> l'étranger <strong>et</strong> en coordonner<br />

les opérations dans l'ensemble<br />

du pays. Si ces mesures ne suffisent<br />

pas à calmer le jeu, l'étape<br />

suivante sera l'interdiction du<br />

PKK, avertit Arnold Koller.<br />

Berne / Christiane Imsand 0<br />

AJ.P. - AJ.P. - AJ.P. - AJ.P. - AJ.P. - AJ.P. - AJ.P. - AJ.P. - AJ.P. - AJ.P. - AJ.P. - AJ.P. -AJ.P. - AJ.P. -<br />

FRA0503 4 I 0164 TUR IAFP-Q018<br />

TUl'~qIJ ie-Kut'<strong>de</strong>s<br />

Mise en liberté du prési<strong>de</strong>nt du Parti pro-kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> la démocratie<br />

ANKARA, 7 déc (AFP) - Le prési<strong>de</strong>nt du Parti <strong>de</strong> la démocratie (DEP,<br />

pro-kur<strong>de</strong>), M. Yasar Kaya, a été mis en liberté mardi par la Cour <strong>de</strong> sGr<strong>et</strong>e <strong>de</strong><br />

l'Etat d'Ankara après une pério<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> trois mois <strong>de</strong> détentio~ pour<br />

"sépat~atisme" <strong>et</strong> quatt~e jolJt~savant le congt~ès génét~al du pat~ti dimanche à<br />

Ankara, a-t-on appris <strong>de</strong> sources judiciaires.<br />

M. Kaya avait été arrêté le 16 septembre à Ankara, inculpé pour <strong>de</strong>s propos<br />

jugés "sépat~atistes" <strong>et</strong> susceptibles <strong>de</strong> "n'Jit~eà l' intégt~ité <strong>de</strong> l'Etat tf.wc",<br />

lors du congrès du Parti démocratique du Kurdistan (PDK) <strong>de</strong> Massoud Barzani,<br />

en aoGt en Irak du nord.<br />

Lors <strong>de</strong> l'audience <strong>de</strong> mardi, le prési<strong>de</strong>nt du DEP a rej<strong>et</strong>é les propos qui<br />

lui ont été attribués dans une allocution prononcée lors du congrès <strong>de</strong> PDK à<br />

Et~bil. Il a affit~mé que le texte <strong>de</strong> son allocution "n'avait t~ien à voit~ avec<br />

l'intégt'ité indivisible" <strong>de</strong> l'Etat tUt~C, selon les mêmes sout~ces.<br />

CE/mft~/ft<br />

AFP 071837 DEC 93<br />

47


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RlVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

A.E P - AgenceFrance Presse-A.F P. - \gence France Presse-A.FP - \gence France Presse-A. F P - \gence France Presse -A.EP.<br />

FRA0505 4 GI 0108 FRA IAFP-Q043<br />

Ku~~<strong>de</strong>s-gt~ève<br />

Grève <strong>de</strong> la faim d'une cinquantaine <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s à Marseille<br />

MARSEILLE, 7 déc (AFP) - Une cinquantaine <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s obs<strong>et</strong>~vent <strong>de</strong>puis<br />

~uarante-huit heures à Marseille une grève <strong>de</strong> la faim pour dénoncer "le<br />

mass~~re quotidien <strong>de</strong> populations civiles au Kurdistan", aussi bien en Turquie<br />

qu'en Irak, a-t-on constaté mardi sur place.<br />

Les grévistes <strong>de</strong> la faim, rassemblés dans le' local <strong>de</strong> l'Association<br />

culturelle kur<strong>de</strong>, dans le ~entre-ville, protestent également contre la<br />

dissolution, le 30 novembt~e, <strong>de</strong> l'association IYekkom-KI..lt~distan"à laquelle<br />

ils étaient affiliés.<br />

Ils ont reçu le soutien <strong>de</strong> la CFDT, la CIMADE <strong>et</strong> le MRAP.<br />

CR/gbo/bmk<br />

AFP 071839 DEC 93<br />

~--------------------..,I<br />

Options au Cœur du Social- 6 décembre 1993<br />

KURDES<br />

Les nouveaux boucs émissaires<br />

A la <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Charles Pasqua,<br />

le gouvernement a décidé, le 30 octobre,<br />

<strong>de</strong> dissoudre <strong>de</strong>ux associations<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s, le Comité du<br />

Kurdistan <strong>et</strong> la Fédération <strong>de</strong>s asso-<br />

Ciations culturelles <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs .<br />

patriotes du Kurdistan. Selon les<br />

avocats <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s arrêtés, les dos- .<br />

siers sont entièrement vi<strong>de</strong>s. Deux<br />

pourtant font l'obj<strong>et</strong> d'un arrêté<br />

~d'expulsion. En d'autres termes,<br />

renvoyés à une répression certaine<br />

dOJ.ltle gouvernement français<br />

prend la responsabilité. Exhibés<br />

dans les camps <strong>de</strong> réfugiés d'Irak à<br />

l'issue <strong>de</strong> la guerre du Golfe, les<br />

Kur<strong>de</strong>s, lorsqu'ils fuient la répression<br />

turque, n'ont plus les faveurs<br />

du gouvernement français visiblement<br />

soucieux d'entr<strong>et</strong>enir <strong>de</strong>.<br />

bonnes relations avec Ankara. TIest<br />

vrai que, à défaut du. marché d'armement<br />

perdù en 1991 à Bagdad,<br />

celui d'Ankara est en bonne santé.<br />

La Cgt a condamné ces mesures <strong>et</strong><br />

s'est jointe, à l'appel <strong>de</strong> nombreuses<br />

associations, à une manifestation le<br />

2 décembre à <strong>Paris</strong>. I. A.<br />

Dernières Nouvelles d'Alsace - 7 décembre 1993<br />

Strasbourg<br />

Onze Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

en grève <strong>de</strong> la faim<br />

Onze membres <strong>de</strong> l'Association<br />

<strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du<br />

Ktirdistan à Strasbourg ont<br />

entamé <strong>de</strong>puis samedi une<br />

grève <strong>de</strong> la faim afin <strong>de</strong> dénoncer<br />

la dissolution d'associations<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s en France,<br />

dont la leur. Celle-ci est intervenue<br />

par décr<strong>et</strong> du 2 décembre<br />

<strong>et</strong> publié le len<strong>de</strong>main au<br />

journal officiel.<br />

Le texte leur reproche notamment<br />

<strong>de</strong> se livrer «à une<br />

propagan<strong>de</strong> active pour le<br />

Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du Kurdistan...<br />

(<strong>et</strong>) à <strong>de</strong>s. agissements<br />

en vue <strong>de</strong> provoquer<br />

<strong>de</strong>s actes <strong>de</strong> terrorisme en<br />

..France qu. à rétranger. ~<br />

«Nos activités sont claires<br />

<strong>et</strong> légales ". assure Huseyin<br />

Elmali, représentant <strong>de</strong> l'association<br />

dissoute <strong>et</strong> membre<br />

<strong>de</strong> la Commission consultative<br />

<strong>de</strong>s étrangers <strong>de</strong> la ville <strong>de</strong>.<br />

Strasbourg, qui dénonce « la<br />

politique générale qui est mené<br />

<strong>de</strong>rrière tout cela par la<br />

France." Et notamment les<br />

ventes d'armes <strong>de</strong> la France à<br />

la Turquie.<br />

A travers ce mouvement, le<br />

groupe espère également obtenir<br />

la libération <strong>de</strong>s 20 Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

encore emprisonnés en<br />

France suite aux interpellations<br />

du t 8 novembre sur<br />

l'ensemble du territoire .<br />

A. E P - .\gence France Presse-A. F P. - \gence France Presse-I\. F P - .\gence FrancePresse-A. E P - ,\gence France Presse -A. E P<br />

'FR'A06734 N 010'6 FRA IAFP-RW'16<br />

Ft~ance-Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

Note aux t~éda.i:t ions<br />

Conférence <strong>de</strong> presse <strong>de</strong> neuf associations<br />

PARIS, 7 déc (AFP) - Neuf associations dont la Fédération internationale<br />

<strong>de</strong>s qt~oits~<strong>de</strong> l'homme (FIDH), la ~.IMADE (comité oec'..lméniqued'entt~ai<strong>de</strong>), la<br />

Fondation France-Libertés tiendront une conférence <strong>de</strong> presse, jeudi 9<br />

décembre, à l'occasion "du lancement d'une campagne <strong>de</strong> soutien aux droits du<br />

peuple kUt~<strong>de</strong>".<br />

C<strong>et</strong>te confét~ence <strong>de</strong> presse se tiendra dans les locaux <strong>de</strong> la CIMADE à llh,<br />

176, rue <strong>de</strong> Grenelle, 75007 <strong>Paris</strong>, en présence <strong>de</strong> la secrétaire générale <strong>de</strong> la<br />

CIMADE, Geneviève Jacques, <strong>et</strong> du 'prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong> la FIDH, Daniel Kacoby.<br />

SZB/mst<br />

AFP 072245 DEC 93<br />

48


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />

KURDES<br />

..<br />

L<strong>et</strong>tre a mon<br />

~ A<br />

eveque<br />

« Je reviens du ministère <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur<br />

où je suis allé plai<strong>de</strong>r la<br />

cause d'un jeune résistant Kur<strong>de</strong><br />

que j'ai connu à la prison <strong>et</strong> qui va<br />

être livré par la France aux Turcs.<br />

J'ai dit ma honte aujourd'hui d'être<br />

français.<br />

J'apprends ce soir (20 nov.) que<br />

la police a chassé les Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong><br />

Notre-Dame ... Si cela n'en est pas<br />

une, dites-moi, Père, ce qu'est une<br />

profanation ?<br />

Ce soir, j'ai honte... mais j'ai<br />

beaucoup plus honte que ce matin<br />

à cause <strong>de</strong> l'Evangile que l'on va<br />

lire dimanche dans le même lieu.<br />

Que penser ? Que croire <strong>de</strong> tous<br />

ces beaux textes ? J'ai honte <strong>et</strong> j'ai<br />

mal. Très mal. TIfallait que je vous<br />

le. dise pour essayer <strong>de</strong> mieux dorrrur.<br />

»<br />

Dominique Frigaux<br />

Aumônier <strong>de</strong> Prison (Val d'Oise)<br />

Libération - 7 décemhre 1993<br />

Expulsés<br />

<strong>de</strong> Notre-Dame<br />

« Le dimanche 21 novembre ce<br />

passage <strong>de</strong> l'Evangile selon St Matthieu<br />

a été lu « J'étais étranger <strong>et</strong><br />

VOlL\' m'avez accueilli ».<br />

Le vendredi 19 <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s réfugiés<br />

dans la cathédrale <strong>de</strong> <strong>Paris</strong> ont<br />

été expulsés par <strong>de</strong>s CRS à la <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong><br />

du clergé <strong>de</strong> Notre-Dame.<br />

Qu'en pensez-vous Monseigneur<br />

Lustiger ?<br />

En ce qui nous concerne nous<br />

sommes profondément troublés. »<br />

Gabrielle <strong>et</strong> René Logeay<br />

(Membres ile l'aumônerie <strong>de</strong><br />

l'hôpital <strong>de</strong> Pontoise <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la<br />

Maison d'arrêt du Val d'Oise)<br />

Et. les Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

d'Irak ?<br />

« Suite au dossier très intéressant<br />

sur les Kur<strong>de</strong>s dans « TC » du 13<br />

TÔlloigllage Chrétien - 4 décembre 1993<br />

novembre, je souhaite apporter<br />

quelques' précisions en tant que prési<strong>de</strong>nte<br />

<strong>de</strong> l'Association « Les<br />

Amis du Peuple Kur<strong>de</strong> » <strong>et</strong> auteur<br />

<strong>de</strong> « Questions sur le Moyen-<br />

Orient, le Kurdistan » 1992, édition<br />

Prospective 21.<br />

En France, l'arrestation massive<br />

<strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> Turquie braque les<br />

projecteurs sur une communauté<br />

déjà fortement éprouvée par la<br />

guerre civile qui règne dans la partie<br />

kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Turquie où un peuple<br />

<strong>de</strong> 15 à 20 millions d'individus (<strong>et</strong><br />

non 7 millions) endure les pires sévices<br />

<strong>de</strong> la part <strong>de</strong> l'armée turque<br />

qui incendie, bombar<strong>de</strong> <strong>et</strong> déporte<br />

les populations <strong>de</strong> villages <strong>et</strong> villes,<br />

la <strong>de</strong>rnière en date étant Lice dans<br />

la province <strong>de</strong> Diyarbakir.<br />

Quant aux Kur<strong>de</strong>s d'Irak, ils<br />

souffrent d'un double embargo, celui<br />

<strong>de</strong>s alliés dans la guerre du Golfe<br />

<strong>de</strong> 1991 contre l'Irak <strong>et</strong> celui du<br />

gouvernement irakien contre la partie<br />

kur<strong>de</strong> qui, suite à <strong>de</strong>s élections,<br />

s'est dotée d'un gouvernement<br />

d'Union nationale au priiltemps<br />

1992. Tout se passe comme si ce<br />

gouvernement, au regard <strong>de</strong>s alliés,<br />

n'existait pas. La situation <strong>de</strong>s<br />

Kur<strong>de</strong>s d'Irak est donc liée à la<br />

protection <strong>de</strong>s alliés tant que celleci<br />

s'exercera <strong>et</strong>, en ce cas, le terme<br />

« d'autonomie » est lui-même sans<br />

fon<strong>de</strong>ment réel.<br />

Pour ce qui est <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s iraniens<br />

(les plus nombreux après<br />

ceux <strong>de</strong> Turquie), après les élections<br />

dans le Kurdistan d'Irak, un<br />

camp <strong>de</strong> peshmergas iraniens r<strong>et</strong>ranché<br />

en zone libre kur<strong>de</strong> irakienne<br />

a été bombardé par l'Iran sans<br />

protestations <strong>de</strong> la part <strong>de</strong>s gran<strong>de</strong>s<br />

puissances. Des attentats commis<br />

par les services secr<strong>et</strong>s iraniens sont<br />

perpétrés en Europe, ainsi les assassinats<br />

à Berlin <strong>de</strong> trois .lea<strong>de</strong>rs du<br />

PDKl (Parti démocratique kur<strong>de</strong><br />

d'Iran) dont le secrétaire général <strong>de</strong><br />

ce parti, M. Sharafkandi. »<br />

Michelle Meyer<br />

Strasbourg (Bas-Rhin)<br />

Lice, ville kur<strong>de</strong> interdite<br />

Ismail Besikci, emprisonné dans la p<strong>et</strong>ite ville d'Iskilip<br />

<strong>de</strong>puis le 13 novembre, risque 115 années <strong>de</strong> prison pour<br />

une quarantaine <strong>de</strong> délits d'opinion. II a déjà passé plus <strong>de</strong><br />

doule ans dans les prisons turques sous les régimes<br />

militaires pour «atteinte à l'unité nationale» <strong>et</strong> «insulte à<br />

la mémoire <strong>de</strong> Mustafa Kemal".<br />

Les opérations lancées le 22 octobre à Lice (ville kur<strong>de</strong><br />

<strong>de</strong> Turquie) par l'Etat turc ont le mérite <strong>de</strong> mieux faire<br />

comprendre le système <strong>de</strong> souverain<strong>et</strong>é turc. Ces opératio~s<br />

~nitiées au pré!ex.te q~e ~le.sterroristes 01l~tué<br />

WI Kelleral» ont dure cmq a SIX JOurs. Dès le <strong>de</strong>but<br />

<strong>de</strong> ces opérations, l'accès à Lice a été interdit, toutes<br />

les lignes téléphoniques coupées, la ville a été complètement<br />

isolée <strong>de</strong>s bourga<strong>de</strong>s <strong>et</strong> villages <strong>de</strong>s alentours.<br />

La métho<strong>de</strong> avait déjà été utilisée à Simak, Çukurca, Varto,<br />

Kulp, Yüksekova, Dogubeyazit, <strong>et</strong>c. (villes kur<strong>de</strong>s total~ment<br />

ou partiellement détruites par l'arnlée turque <strong>de</strong>pUIS<br />

1992). Les forces étatiques interdisent l'accès à ces agglomérations,<br />

<strong>et</strong> en <strong>de</strong>ux ou trois jours d'opérations les incendient<br />

<strong>et</strong> les détruisent. Des annes <strong>de</strong> guerre comme <strong>de</strong>s<br />

chars, <strong>de</strong>s canons, <strong>de</strong>s obus, <strong>de</strong>s hélicoptères sont utilisées<br />

avec une gran<strong>de</strong> efficacité: Les forces <strong>de</strong> sécurité présentent<br />

toujours ce genre d'opérations comme «<strong>de</strong>s affrontements<br />

avec le PKK ». (...)<br />

Dans la mort du général Bahtiyar Aydin, <strong>de</strong>ux points méritent<br />

réflexion <strong>et</strong> analyse. Le premier est que dès l'annonce<br />

PAR ISMAIL BESIKCI *<br />

<strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te mort, le PKK a publié un communiqué affinnant:<br />

«Nous n'avollS pas tué le général <strong>et</strong> aucune un;té <strong>de</strong> guérilla<br />

n'est re/ltrée à Lice le 22 octobre selon Cem;1 Bayik,<br />

/' UII <strong>de</strong>s commandants <strong>de</strong> /'ARG K (Année <strong>de</strong> libération nationale<br />

du Kurdistan, branche militaire du PKK). c'est<br />

/' Etat qui a tué le gélléral. Le <strong>de</strong>uxième point est la déclaration<br />

faite par le prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong> la République, Suleyman Demirel,<br />

le 22 octobre à la télévision nationale. Demirel affinne<br />

que le général Bahtiyar Aydin a été tué par une balle<br />

acci<strong>de</strong>ntelle. La presse turque n'a fait aucune investigation<br />

sur ces déclarations; elle les a même soigneusement écartées,<br />

ignorées. Même le prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong> la République, qui apporte<br />

pourtant un soutien fenne à la terreur <strong>de</strong> l'Etat, a par<br />

sa déclaration pris le soin <strong>de</strong> ne pas établir <strong>de</strong> lien entre les<br />

opérations <strong>de</strong> Lice <strong>et</strong> la mort du général.<br />

En analysant l'escala<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> la terreur d'Etat à Lice, il faudrait<br />

aussi r<strong>et</strong>enir le fait qu'au cours <strong>de</strong> ces jours les parlementaires<br />

n'ont pas été autorisés à entrer dans Lice. Pendant<br />

les opérations, le prési<strong>de</strong>nt général du Parti républicain<br />

du peuple (CHP, opposition du centre-gauéhe), Deniz BaykaI<br />

se trouvait à Diyarbakir (capitale kur<strong>de</strong> située à environ<br />

70 km <strong>de</strong> la ville <strong>de</strong> Lice). Le 23 octobre, la délégation du<br />

CHP se m<strong>et</strong> en route pour Lice. Elle veut mener sa propre<br />

enquête sur ce qui s'est passé. Elle est accompagnée <strong>de</strong><br />

journalistes. A 25 km <strong>de</strong> Lice, la délégation est arrêtée par<br />

les forces <strong>de</strong> sécurité qui lui indiquent que l'accès à la ville<br />

49


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

est interdit. Une discussion s'engage alors entre la délégation<br />

<strong>et</strong> les responsables militaires. Ces <strong>de</strong>rniers finissent par<br />

consentir à laisser passer Deniz Baykal <strong>et</strong> les parlementaires<br />

<strong>de</strong> son parti, à condition que les journalistes ne les accompagnent<br />

pas. (...) Mais à 7 ou 8 km <strong>de</strong> Lice, l'autobus<br />

<strong>de</strong> la délégation est à nouveau arrêté ..Les militaires refu~ent<br />

à la délégation du CHP l'autorisation d'entrer à Lice. Le<br />

prési<strong>de</strong>nt général du CHP, Deniz Baykal, déClare à ce suj<strong>et</strong>:<br />

« Le ministre a donné <strong>de</strong>s ordres, mais les sous-officiers <strong>et</strong><br />

les gendarmes nous Olll dit qu'ils Ile nous laisseraient pas y<br />

aller. Malheureusement, la parole du goul'ernementn' a pas<br />

cours là-bas ... il a dû se passer <strong>de</strong>s choses qu'ils ne souhaitaient<br />

pas que /' on voie ... » (Salah, 24 octobre 1993).<br />

Une semaine après l'escala<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> la terreur à Lice, le Premier<br />

ministre Tansu Çiller a voulu se rendre sur place pour<br />

voir elle-même ce qui s'y est passé. Les milieux influents<br />

n'ont pas autorisé le Premier ministre à se rendre à Lice<br />

pour s'infof!11er directement sur les événements. « Le prési-<br />

.<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong> la République rend visite à Kars (NOT, ville kur<strong>de</strong><br />

située à environ 400 km au nord <strong>de</strong> Lice), si vous voulez.<br />

vous pouvez /')' accompagner», lui a-t-on dit. On a indiqué<br />

au Premier ministre qu'elle pourrait se rendre à Lice dans<br />

15 à 20 jours (Hümy<strong>et</strong>30 octobre 1993).<br />

Le fait que le Premier ministre n'ait pas été autorisée à se<br />

rendre à Lice apparaît comme un troisième élément important<br />

dans l'analyse <strong>de</strong>s événements <strong>de</strong> Lice <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la terreur<br />

d'Etal. Si une délégation du CHP incluant <strong>de</strong>s parlcmcntaires<br />

n'a pas été autorisée à aller à Lice, si le Prcmier mi- .<br />

nistre est empêchée <strong>de</strong> s'y rendre, il est évi<strong>de</strong>nt que <strong>de</strong>s<br />

choses effroyables, dont on ne veut pas à qu'elles soient<br />

vues, s'y sont produites. Les forces <strong>de</strong> l'Etat ont utilisé <strong>de</strong>s<br />

arnles lour<strong>de</strong>s comme <strong>de</strong>s chars <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s canons, <strong>de</strong>s bombardiers,<br />

<strong>de</strong>s hélicoptères, <strong>de</strong>s blindés, <strong>de</strong>s panzers pour<br />

détruire <strong>et</strong> brûler Lice. Les commerces ont été pillés, les<br />

biens, l'argent <strong>et</strong> les bijoux <strong>de</strong>s habitants confisqu~s. Les<br />

maisons ont été incendiées, les provisions alimentaires détruites.<br />

Le nombre <strong>de</strong> morts dépasse très largement les<br />

chiffres officiels. En interdisant l'accès à Lice, en coupant<br />

les communications téléphoniques, en empêchant les journalistes<br />

<strong>et</strong> les parlementaires <strong>de</strong> s'y rendre, on a voulu tenir<br />

l'opiniol1 publique dans l'ignorance <strong>de</strong> ce qui s'cst<br />

passé. S'il s'était agi c\'une attaque du PKK contre <strong>de</strong>s familles<br />

<strong>de</strong>s protecteurs <strong>de</strong> vilIage (la milice pro-gouvernementale),<br />

au lieu d'interdire l'accès, on aurait spécialement<br />

convoqué les journalistes, on les aurait conduits chez<br />

.Ies victimes pour qu'ils les photographient, recueillent leur<br />

témoignage. .<br />

Tout cela a un rapport étroit avec le système <strong>de</strong> souverain<strong>et</strong>é<br />

turc. Dans la politique turque, les partis po]itiques, le<br />

gouvernement, l' Asseniblée nationale ne pèsent d'aucun<br />

poids. Cela est tout à fait clair sur la question du Kurdistan.<br />

Dans l'appréhension <strong>de</strong> la question kur<strong>de</strong>, dans' la définition<br />

<strong>de</strong>s politiques visant à trouver <strong>de</strong>s solutions à c<strong>et</strong>te<br />

question, la plus importante force est le Conseil national <strong>de</strong><br />

sécurité (qui réunit autour du prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong> la République, le<br />

Premier ministre, les ministres <strong>de</strong> la Défense <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s Affaires<br />

On a voulu tenir<br />

l'opinion publique<br />

. dans l'ignorance<br />

<strong>de</strong> ce qui s'est<br />

passé dans la ville<br />

kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Lice. Ce<br />

point <strong>de</strong> vue sur<br />

l'attitu<strong>de</strong> du<br />

pouvoir turc face à<br />

la <strong>de</strong>struction par<br />

l'armée <strong>de</strong> la ville<br />

est paru dans le<br />

quotidien ccOzgür<br />

Gün<strong>de</strong>m" du 19<br />

novembre. Le<br />

len<strong>de</strong>main le<br />

journal était<br />

suspendu pour une<br />

pério<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> quinze<br />

jours.<br />

étrangères <strong>et</strong> les principaux<br />

chefs <strong>de</strong> l'année). Face au<br />

poids détenninant du Conseil<br />

national <strong>de</strong> sécurité, les partis<br />

politiques,. le gouvernement,<br />

l'Assemblée nationale n'ont<br />

aucun poids réel. Cela signifie<br />

que les institutions issues<br />

du suffrage populaire ne pèsent<br />

guère face aux organismes<br />

nommés. (...)<br />

Lorsque le Premier ministre<br />

Tansu Çiller évoque]a télévision<br />

en kur<strong>de</strong> ou les cours<br />

<strong>de</strong> kur<strong>de</strong> optionnels, le lea~<br />

<strong>de</strong>r <strong>de</strong> l' Anap (NOT, Parti<br />

<strong>de</strong> la mère patrie, principale<br />

formation <strong>de</strong> l'opposition),<br />

Mesut Yilmaz, dans sa<br />

réaction à ces pr9positions,<br />

montre d'une façon claire<br />

quel est le centre qui détermine<br />

<strong>et</strong> oriente la politique<br />

turque. Mesut Yilmaz <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong><br />

au Premier ministre:<br />

«Avez-vous discuté <strong>de</strong> celle<br />

opinion, <strong>de</strong> celle proposition<br />

au ConseilnalÎonal <strong>de</strong> sécurité?<br />

))<br />

Les propositions du Premier ministre sur «la télévision<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>» <strong>et</strong> (-. !hec~n~ervatlve Tru~ Path Party (DYP) of ture statements on the Issue.<br />

~ Pnme Mlms~er Tansu Çlller amen<strong>de</strong>~ .t~ final Karayalçm had said on Saturday that a recent<br />

~ draft, droppmg. all refere~ce to~ctJvl~les and memonmdum prepared and signed by 80 DYP<br />

""0 propag~nda agamst se~ulan~m. Th!S ~ctlon lead <strong>de</strong>puties clearly illustrated their views. "There is<br />

~ to a. senous confrontal1?n with the Jumor partner very little time ahead of us," he said, "if nothin~<br />

.H Soclal,Democrat People s Party (SH~). is done, we will have to go our separate ways. '<br />

~ Dunng the weekend, SH~ Ch~lrman ¥urat His reference was.to a l<strong>et</strong>ter issued by the conser-<br />

..a Karayalçm ma<strong>de</strong> a statement m whIch he saId the vative parliamentarians <strong>de</strong>manding for the draft<br />

50


I<br />

I<br />

REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

According to regulations. Parliament budg<strong>et</strong>ary<br />

talks must be com~l<strong>et</strong>ed without any interruption.<br />

With the talks begmning this Wednesday, neither<br />

of the lea<strong>de</strong>rs are expected to make controversial<br />

statements on the draft until the talks are over, to<br />

avoid overshadowing the budg<strong>et</strong>ary <strong>de</strong>bate.<br />

The new anti-terror law proposes heavy fines<br />

and imprison!TIent for those propagati~g<br />

half of terronsts and support mg terronst<br />

on be-<br />

movements.<br />

The original text was amen<strong>de</strong>d several<br />

times before being passed by the Justice Commission<br />

but the most serious change was in the articles<br />

concerning anti-secularism. The Turkish<br />

Constitution rules that the country is a secular<br />

state -- a principle item which has for years been<br />

challenged by pro-Islamic activists and politicians.<br />

Observers say that if the <strong>de</strong>bate continues, the<br />

anti-terror bill, which is much in <strong>de</strong>mand by the<br />

country's security organizations, will be <strong>de</strong>layed<br />

further.<br />

70% wage increase for troops in Southeast<br />

Turkish Daily News<br />

ANKARA- An increase of 70 percent has been ma<strong>de</strong> to the wages of military<br />

personnel <strong>de</strong>ployed in the emergency rule region and neighboring provinces.<br />

According to a draft bill approved by Parliament on December 2, as of De.<br />

c~mber. 15 reg~lar sergeants and corpor~ls. <strong>de</strong>ployed i.n the emergency rule regIOn<br />

will.receive TL 10.8 and 10.65 mllllon respectively, the Anatolia news<br />

agency saldo<br />

As for commando sergeants and corporals in special crack teams <strong>de</strong>ployed in<br />

the troubled southeastern and eastern pr,ovinces, they will receive, respectively,<br />

monthly wages ofTL 15.4 and 15.3 million.<br />

The Office of the Turkish Chief of Staff is continuing to recruit candidates for<br />

positions as non-commissioned officers, Anatolia ad<strong>de</strong>d.<br />

Police bust PKK in the cities of Ankara and Istanbul<br />

winter clothing for PKK rural militants. The supplies were hid<strong>de</strong>n<br />

33 suspects caught along with explosives<br />

Turkish Daily News<br />

ANKARA- Police in the cities of Istanbul and Ankara have busted<br />

two n<strong>et</strong>works of the outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK),<br />

catching 33 suspects along with their explosives and uniforms, the<br />

Anatolia news agency reported Oh Monday. Anatolia said 28 people<br />

were caught in Istanbul while preparing for activities to mark the<br />

anniversary of the PKK and that a search conducted in safe houses<br />

had resulted in the seizure of nine grena<strong>de</strong>s, nine sticks of dynamite<br />

and 2.5 m<strong>et</strong>ers of time fuse. According to a statement issued by the<br />

Istanbul police directorate, the suspects were also in possession of<br />

in nine sacks and inclu<strong>de</strong>d false ID cards, backpacks and wireless<br />

equipment. The suspects were involved in various activities including<br />

tbe bombing of a bank and the killing of a PKK repentant, the<br />

statement said. In another <strong>de</strong>velopment. m<strong>et</strong>ropolitan police in Ankara<br />

announced they had caught five suspects who had arrived in<br />

the city to carry out a scries of allacks and to collect money for the<br />

organization.<br />

Police said the suspects had been followed for some time and had<br />

been caught in possession of two ¥uns, ammunition, organizational<br />

bills and some notes on the PKK s targ<strong>et</strong>s. The suspects provi<strong>de</strong>d<br />

infonnation on five un<strong>de</strong>rground <strong>de</strong>pots in the Diyarbakir province.<br />

All were <strong>de</strong>stroyed, the police said.<br />

No concr<strong>et</strong>e results in Turco-American talks<br />

Firm American stand on Iraqi- Turkish<br />

oil pipeline remains unchanged<br />

By Murat Y<strong>et</strong>kin<br />

Turkish Daily Ne ....s<br />

ANKARA- No concr<strong>et</strong>e agreement<br />

was reached in the official. high-level<br />

talks b<strong>et</strong>ween the United States and<br />

Turkey held in Washington last week,<br />

official sources said on Monday. Government<br />

sources, who asked not to be<br />

named, told TDN that in the three-day<br />

talks held b<strong>et</strong>ween Nov. 30 and Dec.<br />

2, the Turkish <strong>de</strong>legation failed to<br />

change the finn Amencan stand on the<br />

limited removal of economic sanctions<br />

on Iraq in or<strong>de</strong>r to compensate Turkish<br />

losses because of the Gulf War.<br />

The talks were a follow-up to the<br />

contacts ma<strong>de</strong> by Prime Minister Tansu<br />

Çiller during her visitto the Vnited<br />

States from Oct. 14-19, 1993.<br />

"But the Turkish-American dialo!!ue<br />

on that will continue," one source said.<br />

"Notto have anv concr<strong>et</strong>e success in<br />

the short run is' not discouragin!! for<br />

US,'I ~<br />

Ankara says it abi<strong>de</strong>s by the C.N.<br />

embar¥;) on Iraq, in which it played a<br />

key ro:e in 1990 by closing down the<br />

Iraqi-Turkish 'Jil pipeline followina<br />

Iraq's invasion of Kuwait. But Ankar~<br />

also says that a limited and controlled<br />

removal of the embargo will help Turkey<br />

to compensate its losses, which<br />

government<br />

$10 billion.<br />

ofticials put as more than<br />

Sources said that there were no concr<strong>et</strong>e<br />

achievements regarding Turkish<br />

<strong>de</strong>mands from the United States in the<br />

field of dl':fense as well.<br />

~" 1urki,h go' ernment had asked<br />

~hp Jmtr: _~.ital" tor fTl('~e <strong>de</strong>fensl'<br />

systems, inCluding early warning sys-<br />

.tems, flying tankërs, updated frigates,<br />

.antitank planes and assault helicopters<br />

during ÇIller's me<strong>et</strong>ing with LTS Presi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />

Bill Clinton and other American<br />

officials. Sources said that American<br />

officials preferred the issues to be discussed<br />

at the High Level Defense<br />

Group (HLDG) talks which are expected<br />

to be held in Ankara in January<br />

199-l. The U.S. government had already<br />

promised 50 A-I 0 antitank war<br />

planes and 28 Cobra assault helicopters<br />

to Turkey un<strong>de</strong>r the southern flank<br />

amendment program of the North Atlantic<br />

Treaty Or~anization (NATO) at<br />

the end of the HLDG talks in October<br />

1992. The <strong>de</strong>livery of these items has<br />

not 'itafted y<strong>et</strong>.<br />

Turkish government sources un<strong>de</strong>rline<br />

thatthe only field of possible concr<strong>et</strong>e<br />

achievement in the short run in<br />

Turkish-U.S. relations is the sphere of<br />

economics and tra<strong>de</strong>.<br />

The first of the hi~h-Ievel Turkish-<br />

American Economic Commission<br />

talks will be held in Ankara on Dec. 8-<br />

9 (See story on page 2). Sources say<br />

that there is a chance for Ankara to<br />

generate some "fresh" money again in<br />

or<strong>de</strong>r to compensate some of its losses.<br />

from the Gulf War. But sources point<br />

to the Turkish government's attitu<strong>de</strong><br />

on intellectual property' rights, for<br />

which it has been un<strong>de</strong>r pressure both<br />

from the United States and from Europe<br />

for som<strong>et</strong>ime. The Uri<strong>de</strong>rsecr<strong>et</strong>ary<br />

for"Treasury and Foreign Tra<strong>de</strong><br />

Osman Unsal will co-chair the talks.<br />

Unsal was in the <strong>de</strong>legation.which<br />

held high-level talks with the U.S. administration<br />

last week in Washinaton<br />

tog<strong>et</strong>her with Çiller's chief adv~sor'<br />

Volkan Vural. '<br />

51


REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RNISTA<br />

STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />

A. E I~ - Agence France Presse-A. E P. - Agence France Presse-A. E P - AgenceFrance Presse-A. E P - ,\gence France Presse -A. E I~<br />

FRA0451 4 l ;>:. :::L: :-"::~J1 /;-,::f .....-FV21<br />

Ft'ance -Ktlt'd e';;<br />

Campagne en France pour le respect <strong>de</strong>s droits du peuple kur<strong>de</strong><br />

PARIS, 9 déc (AFP) - Neuf associations françaises ont lancé jeudi à <strong>Paris</strong><br />

une campagne d'opinion pour le respect <strong>de</strong>s droits du peuple kur<strong>de</strong>, <strong>de</strong>mandant<br />

au gouvernement français <strong>de</strong> ne pas sacrifier le sort <strong>de</strong> ces populations<br />

disséminées à tt~av<strong>et</strong>'S l' It'ak, l' It~an, la SYt'ie <strong>et</strong> la Ttwquie "au nom<br />

d' i nt é t~êt s g é 0 - s tt, a t é g i que s " •<br />

Elles ont notamment t~éclamé l' intt~oduct ion d' '_me "clause <strong>de</strong> non<br />

I.ltilisation contt'e la populë.Üion civile" dans le contt'at signé en octobt'e<br />

<strong>de</strong>rnier pour la livraison à la Turquie <strong>de</strong> 20 hélicoptères français Super Puma<br />

à partir <strong>de</strong> 1995.<br />

"Si c<strong>et</strong>te clause est t~efusée pat' les autot'ités tut~ques, alcH's la Ft',J.nce<br />

d e vt'a its' i n t e t~dit' e <strong>de</strong>l i vt' e t' ces h é 1 i cop t è t' es" , 0 nt a f fit" ln é 1eut' S<br />

t'épt~esental1ts au COut'S d'une confét'ence <strong>de</strong> pt'esse pt'ésiclée pat' Geneviève<br />

Jacques, secrétaire-général <strong>de</strong> la CIMADE, <strong>et</strong> Me Daniel Jacoby, prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong> la<br />

Féd é t~a t ion i nt e t' na t ion ale d e 's 1i g J.!. e:: ;:}F!" (; ~"(j ~.t.;,; d c 1.' !-) Clmfi: C' < F l DH) ') .~.; CH.tl<br />

i ç~nant<br />

que les combats en TI_wquie ont fait plus <strong>de</strong> .iu. (.'(lU mü:'L:, c.,~:":; .j:::'('i!l::::',-;< Dlï::Ëi::';:;.<br />

mj/mc<br />

AFP 091823. DEC 93<br />

52<br />

L'ApPEL<br />

DE DETRESSE<br />

.DESKURDES<br />

DE MARSEILLE<br />

Une cinquantaine <strong>de</strong><br />

Kur<strong>de</strong>s résidant <strong>et</strong> tra-<br />

'vaillant à Marseille <strong>et</strong><br />

sa région ont entamé'<br />

. une grève <strong>de</strong> la faim le<br />

5 décembre pour pro-'<br />

tester contre la décision<br />

du ,':ministère <strong>de</strong><br />

l'intérieur <strong>de</strong> dissoudre<br />

leur association.<br />

Mardi <strong>de</strong>rnier, trois<br />

officiers .<strong>de</strong> poliee sont<br />

venus feur signifier<br />

qu'un décr<strong>et</strong> gouvernemental<br />

:prononçait la<br />

; dissolution <strong>de</strong> leur associatio/'i:<br />

<strong>et</strong> qu'ils <strong>de</strong>-<br />

.vaient d,Qnc.fermer le<br />

'stège, ,1)emcii:Jdsnt ./e<br />

texte <strong>de</strong>: l'Arrêté, les<br />

membres' <strong>de</strong> l'association<br />

ont: été invités à<br />

s'adresser. au ministère<br />

<strong>de</strong> l'inté:'iêur.<br />

Ils sont 40 000 à<br />

avoir. trouvé refuge en<br />

Frpnce.'Ils ont fui le génoci<strong>de</strong><br />

<strong>de</strong> leur peuple<br />

organisé par l'Etat<br />

Turc. Un grand nombre<br />

d'entre eux ont obtenu<br />

le statut <strong>de</strong> réfugié politique.<br />

Les ressortissants<br />

Kur<strong>de</strong>s ont crée<br />

une vingtaine d'associations<br />

culturelles,<br />

sportives <strong>et</strong> sociales<br />

afin <strong>de</strong> préserver leur<br />

i<strong>de</strong>ntité tout en s'adaptant<br />

au mieux dans les<br />

structures <strong>de</strong> la vie en<br />

France.<br />

Or, 'le 18 novembre<br />

<strong>de</strong>rnier, la police a perquisitionné<strong>de</strong>s<br />

maisons<br />

Kur<strong>de</strong>s, '<strong>de</strong>s assdèia--<br />

tions, <strong>de</strong>s commerces<br />

sur ordre <strong>de</strong> Charles<br />

. Pasqua. 20 Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

étaient arrêtés. Le. 30<br />

novembre <strong>de</strong>rnièr, le<br />

ministre <strong>de</strong> l'intérieur<br />

annonçait qu'il allait<br />

supprimer l'association<br />

YEK-KOM Kurdistan<br />

(fédération <strong>de</strong>s travail~<br />

leurs du Kurdistan). '<br />

On ne "pejJt s'emp'ê~<br />

cher <strong>de</strong> rap'pro.:tier<br />

c<strong>et</strong>te démarche <strong>de</strong> 'no~<br />

tre ministère <strong>de</strong> /'intérieur<br />

du besoin exprimé<br />

récemment par<br />

gouvernement Turc dé<br />

mo<strong>de</strong>rniser son armée<br />

pour mener sa guerre<br />

Erkan: About 1000 terrorists<br />

'neutralized' in past 3 months<br />

Four <strong>de</strong>ad, one policeman injured in terrorist inci<strong>de</strong>nts<br />

..Turkish<br />

Daily News<br />

ANKARA- Unal Erkan, emergency rule governor<br />

for the troubled Southeast, announced Monday<br />

that approximately 1000 terrorists of the outlawed<br />

Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) had been<br />

"neutralized" in the past three months.<br />

He ad<strong>de</strong>d, "2900 people who ai<strong>de</strong>d and ab<strong>et</strong>ted<br />

terrorists have been arrested and imprisoned."<br />

Erkan said foreigners led about 100 groups of<br />

'the terrorist organization in rural areas in the<br />

Southeast. "The terrorist organization has killed<br />

1,300 innocent people in the first II months of<br />

the year. But they are not going to g<strong>et</strong> anywhere.<br />

It is impossible to <strong>de</strong>feat the state," he said at<br />

public rallies in the Lice and Kulp towns of<br />

DiyarbakIr province.<br />

A policemen was sliohtly injured late Monday<br />

night in an inci<strong>de</strong>nt in fstanbul s Bayrampa~a dis-<br />

coriirele peuple Kur<strong>de</strong>.<br />

Elle ne peut manquer<br />

d'apparaître comme<br />

un soutien politique ouvert<br />

<strong>de</strong> la France au gé-'<br />

noci<strong>de</strong> ,du pe.uple<br />

.. Kur<strong>de</strong>entrepri.s liar Ie<br />

l'Etat Turè~ . . .<br />

Aujourd'hui; les Kur-'<br />

. <strong>de</strong>s en appellent à tous.<br />

les démQàates, à tous i<br />

, les défenseurs <strong>de</strong>s;<br />

. droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme. leur<br />

grève <strong>de</strong> la faim dépasse<br />

le cadre <strong>de</strong> la défense<br />

<strong>de</strong> .Ieur .droit à<br />

une associàtion. Elle<br />

.vise aussi à lancer un<br />

véritable appel <strong>de</strong> détresse<br />

face à une situation<br />

grave pour eux <strong>et</strong><br />

. pour leur peuple. Un' situation<br />

qui a tendance<br />

à s'aggraver <strong>de</strong> jour en<br />

jour.<br />

~~M•.<br />

~<br />

0\<br />

.....<br />

CZl<br />

S!: 00'<br />

-<br />


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÏ<br />

trict. Anatolia news agency reported Tuesday that<br />

three suspects had opened fire on a police patrol<br />

during a search operiltion.<br />

"Police officer Orner Ta~diken was<br />

.<br />

s!lghtly<br />

woun<strong>de</strong>d in the inci<strong>de</strong>nt. Police are searchmg for<br />

the three," Anatolia said. In two separate. attacks<br />

on civilians in the southeastern province of<br />

DiyarbakIr Tuesday, Sedat Akmcl and Osman<br />

Sener were gunned down by uni<strong>de</strong>ntified assaifants.<br />

Three people were injured in the inci?ents.<br />

In another inci<strong>de</strong>nt in the eastern provmce of<br />

Mus, Ferit Gülçin was killed by three assailants<br />

Tuesday.<br />

In the southern province of Adana, Dunnu~<br />

Yaprak was killed by uni<strong>de</strong>ntified assailants. Yapral,<br />

who lost control of his car, hit seven el~mentary<br />

scho~1 stu<strong>de</strong>nts. ~hey were taken to vanous<br />

city hospItals, Anatolia reported Tuesday.<br />

Court to look into merits of DEP case<br />

Turkish Daily News<br />

ANKARA- The Constitutional Court has compl<strong>et</strong>ed<br />

its preliminary examination in respect of<br />

the lawsuit which calls for the closure of the Democracy<br />

Party (DEP). The office of the chief<br />

prosecutor of the High Appeals Court filed a case<br />

at the Constitutional Court last Thursday <strong>de</strong>mandin!!<br />

the closure of the DEP.<br />

~It indicted the DEP on charges of violating the<br />

Preamble and Articles 2, 3, 14 and 69 of the Constitution<br />

and Articles 78 and 81 of the Political<br />

Parties' Law <strong>de</strong>aling with acts against the indivisible<br />

integrity of the country and the nation.<br />

The court will now start to look into the merits<br />

of the case.<br />

For this reason, the court will ask the DEP administrators<br />

to present their <strong>de</strong>fense p<strong>et</strong>ition upon<br />

receipt of the indictment.<br />

High level Syrian official signals clampdown on PKK<br />

Turkish Daily News<br />

ANKARA- A high level Syrian' officiaI<br />

signalled on Monday that Damascus had<br />

clamped down on the Kurdistan Workers'<br />

Party (PKK) and would curb all activities<br />

of this outlawed organization in its terrilories.<br />

Turkish Prime Minister Tansu Çiller<br />

confirmed the promise. and said she had<br />

received the message that the PKK would<br />

in no way be allowed to remain within<br />

Syrian bor<strong>de</strong>rs.<br />

Appearing Monday night on the popular<br />

Show TV <strong>de</strong>bate program Crossfire,<br />

the Syrian state minister m charge of security<br />

affairs. Naser Kaddur. for the first<br />

time acknowledged the presence of the<br />

PKK in Syrian territory but said everything<br />

had been done to block its activities.<br />

"The stability and sovereignty of<br />

Turkey is very important both for Syria<br />

and the region. Because of this, no group<br />

pursuing terrorism against Turkey or<br />

creating unrest will ever have a place<br />

Syrian soil again," Kaddur said.<br />

on<br />

He went to the extent of accepting that<br />

PKK lea<strong>de</strong>r Abdullah<br />

visited Syria as well.<br />

Ocalan may have<br />

The state minister's statement had immediate<br />

impact back in Ankara where<br />

Çiller was quoted by a Turkish newspaper<br />

as saying that she had received the<br />

'same promise in the fonn of a message.<br />

D~puly Prime Minister Murat Karayalçm<br />

saId, on the olher hand, Ihat Ankara was<br />

pleased with Syria's altitu<strong>de</strong> on the PKK.<br />

Karayalçm also guaranteed that Syria<br />

would<br />

water<br />

have no problem with<br />

and said. We will give<br />

regard to<br />

Syri


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESs REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

Amnestï¥intematiOIllI<br />

SECTION<br />

FRANÇAISE<br />

SERVICE DES ACTIONS URGENTES<br />

66, RUE PARGAMINIÈRES<br />

31000 TOULOUSE<br />

TELEPHONE: 61 23 53 73<br />

TELECOPIE: 61 23 53 90<br />

EXTERNE<br />

U 1075<br />

44/118/93<br />

AVERTISSEMENT: "Amnesty International défend <strong>de</strong>s individus, sans prendre position sur leurs idées ni sur les organisations<br />

auxquelles ils pourraient adhérer"<br />

ACTION COMPLEMENTAIRE SUR AU 405/93 (EUR 44/106/93 du 16 novembre 1993)<br />

MENACES D'EXPULSION DES HABITANTS D'UN VillAGE CHRETIEN ET DE DESTRUCTION DU<br />

VILLAGE<br />

TURQUIE: le village d'Hassana (èn turc : Kösrall köyü)<br />

- - - - - - - - - -.. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -<br />

Londres, le 8 décembre 1993<br />

Amnesty International a reçu <strong>de</strong>s informations indiquant que les villageois d'Hassana ont été forcés <strong>de</strong> quitter<br />

le village. Ceux qui sont partis avant la date limite du 20 novembre ont pu emporter avec eux quelques-uns <strong>de</strong><br />

leurs eff<strong>et</strong>s personnels, alors que ceux qui voulaient rester, mais qui ont dû partir le jour où expirait<br />

l'ultimatum, n'ont rien pu emporter. Selon. certaines sources <strong>d'information</strong>, les fenêtres <strong>et</strong> les portes <strong>de</strong><br />

leurs maisons ont été brisées par les forces <strong>de</strong> s~curité, les rendant inhabitables <strong>et</strong> exposées aux aléas<br />

climatiques.<br />

Les autorités n'ont offert aux villageois, 31 familles regroupant 199 personnes, aucun endroit ni aucune<br />

installation <strong>de</strong> remplacement.<br />

De plus, avant l'ultimatum, la télévision turque a diffusé une fausse information indiquant que les villageois<br />

d'Hassana étaient <strong>de</strong>s Arméniens liés aux rebelles du Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs kur<strong>de</strong>s (PKK).<br />

ACTION RECOMMANDEE.: télégramme/télex/télécople/aérogrammell<strong>et</strong>tre par avion :<br />

- exprimez votre inquiétu<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>vant les expulsions <strong>de</strong> villageois dans divers lieux <strong>de</strong> la région sous état<br />

d'urgence, expulsions menées <strong>de</strong> manière officieuse <strong>et</strong> arbitraire, assorties <strong>de</strong> menaces, d'actes<br />

d'intimidation, <strong>de</strong> mauvais traitements <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>struction <strong>de</strong> bétail, <strong>de</strong> nourriture <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> bien;<br />

- exprimez paticulièrement votre inquiétu<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>vant l'expulsion <strong>de</strong>s villageois d'Hassana, le 20 novembre<br />

i993;<br />

- <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>z instamment que toutes les personnes forcées par les forces <strong>de</strong> sécurité <strong>de</strong> quitter leurs domiciles<br />

dans la région placée sous état d'urgence, reçoivent <strong>de</strong>s compensations pour la perte <strong>de</strong> leurs biens <strong>et</strong> soient<br />

relogées. .<br />

APPELS A:<br />

lI(Mlnlstre <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur)<br />

Mr Nahit Mentese<br />

lçisleri Bakanligi<br />

06644 Ankara, TURQUIE<br />

Télégrammes: Icisleri Bakanligi,<br />

Ankara, TURQUIE<br />

Fax: 90 312 418 1795<br />

2/(Vlce-Premler Ministre)<br />

Deputy Prime Minister Mr Murat<br />

Karayalçin<br />

Office of the Prime Minister<br />

Basbakanlik<br />

06573 Ankara, TURQUIE<br />

Télégrammes : Deputy Prime Minister,<br />

Ankara, TURQUIE<br />

Télex 44061/44062/44063 bbmt tr<br />

Fax: (90) 312 417 0476<br />

(90) 312 230 8896<br />

54


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

Turkish Probe December 9, 1993<br />

17<br />

Human Rights Diary<br />

The Contemporary Jurists' Association (CGD)<br />

<strong>de</strong>nounces the <strong>de</strong>tention of 11 lawyers in Istanbul<br />

and the southeastern province of Diyarbakir. At a<br />

press conference in Ankara, CGD Chairman $enal<br />

San han discloses that security forces have <strong>de</strong>tained<br />

10 lawyers in Diyarbakir and one in Istanbul.<br />

(Cumhurly<strong>et</strong>, Dec. 2)<br />

The office of the chief prosecutor of the High Appeals<br />

Court files a case at the Constitutional Court<br />

<strong>de</strong>manding the closure of the pro-Kurdish Democracy<br />

Party (DEP). An announcement from the prosecutor's<br />

office says that it has indicted the DEP on<br />

charges of violating the Preamble and Articles 2, 3,<br />

14 and 69 of the Constitution and Articles 78 and<br />

181 of the Political Parties' Law, all of which ban<br />

subversive activity against the state.<br />

(Newspapers, Dec. 3)<br />

Kemal Sahir Gürel and Elif Sumru Gürel, members<br />

of a leftist Turkish band named "Grup Yorum"<br />

are each sentenced to one year and eight months<br />

imprisonment and each fined TL 42 million. The Izmir<br />

State Security Court (DGM) prosecuted the two<br />

for attempting to spread verbal propaganda aiming<br />

to <strong>de</strong>stroy the territorial integrity of the country.<br />

(Cumhuriy<strong>et</strong>, Dec. 3)<br />

Turgut Kazan, chairman of the Istanbul Bar Association,<br />

says the controversial anti-terrorism bill<br />

drafted by the coalition partners will lead to "state<br />

terrorism." Speaking at a press conference in Istanbul,<br />

Kazan said Article 5 of the draft aimed to suppress<br />

the fundamental freedom of speech. In another<br />

<strong>de</strong>velopment, Ercan Demir, chairman of the Iz.<br />

mir CH D, <strong>de</strong>mands the immediate withdrawal of<br />

the anti.terrorism draft bill, alleging it violates <strong>de</strong>mocratic<br />

principles.<br />

(Cumhuriy<strong>et</strong>, Dec. 3)<br />

Socialist Unity Party (SBP) Chairman Sadun<br />

Aren alleges that the government has left no room<br />

for a solution to the Kurdish issue. In a written<br />

press statement, Aren says his party expected the<br />

government to take concr<strong>et</strong>e steps towards the solution<br />

of the issue in the wake of the German and<br />

French bans on the PKK, but that the exact opposite<br />

had so far been done.<br />

(Cumhuriy<strong>et</strong>, Dec. 4)<br />

The Istanbul Human Rights Association (IHD)<br />

protests what it calls the "extrajudicial killing" of<br />

Selma Do!)an and Erol Yalçm in a house raid by<br />

the Istanbul police late last month. At a press conference<br />

atten<strong>de</strong>d by the family of Do!)an, the IHD says<br />

the house advertized by police as a safe house<br />

belonging to the outlawed Revolutionary Left (Dev-<br />

Sol) had in<strong>de</strong>ed been the home of the Do!)an family<br />

for seven years.<br />

(Cumhurly<strong>et</strong>, Dec. 4)<br />

The Istanbul DGM starts a criminal investigation<br />

against Professor Do!;ju Ergil, a lecturer of political<br />

science at Ankara University, for his written remarks<br />

published in the 121 issue of the weekly Aktüel magazine.<br />

The indictment reads that Ergil attempted to<br />

spread printed propaganda aiming to <strong>de</strong>stroy the territorial<br />

integrity of the country.<br />

(Cumhurly<strong>et</strong>, Dec. 4)<br />

Turkish authorities have driven 200 Christians from<br />

a village in southeast Turkey, resi<strong>de</strong>nts say. State-paid<br />

village guards <strong>de</strong>tained and tortured seven Christian<br />

shepherds in the same area, using molten plastic<br />

to brand one of their victims with a cross, the resi<strong>de</strong>nts<br />

add. They say 32 Syriac Christian families, the<br />

entire 200-strong population of Hassana village, in<br />

Mardin province, were forced to leave their homes<br />

last month. "An or<strong>de</strong>r came through Silopi security<br />

headquarters last month, telling them to evacuate<br />

Hassana by Nov. 20," a Syriac Christian in the nearby<br />

town of Midyat says. "It happened because a local tribal<br />

lea<strong>de</strong>r said on television that it was an Armenian<br />

village," he adds.<br />

(Newspapers, Dec. 4)<br />

Mustafa Ekmekçi, presi<strong>de</strong>nt of the Contemporary<br />

Journalists' Association (CGD), maintains that <strong>de</strong>mands<br />

by state security courts to shut down political<br />

parties indicate a grave threat to <strong>de</strong>mocracy in Turkey.<br />

At an Ankara press me<strong>et</strong>ing, Ekmekçi says such<br />

<strong>de</strong>mands are reminiscent of the era follOWing military<br />

coups. Where political parties can be forced to shut<br />

down, there is no such thing as the freedom of speech<br />

or of the press, he argues.<br />

(Cumhuriy<strong>et</strong>, Dec. 6)<br />

In two separate attacks on civilians in the southeastern<br />

province of Diyarbakir, Sedat Akmcl and Osman<br />

$ener are gunned down by uni<strong>de</strong>ntified assailants.<br />

Three people are injured in the inci<strong>de</strong>nts. In another<br />

inci<strong>de</strong>nt in the eastern province of Mus, Ferit Gülçin is<br />

killed by three assailants. In the southern province of<br />

Adana, Durmu~ Yaprak is killed by uni<strong>de</strong>ntified assailants.<br />

Yaprak, losing control of his car. hits seven elementary<br />

school stu<strong>de</strong>nts.<br />

(Newspapers. Dec. 8)<br />

55


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-~NISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

Simon Kreitem/Reuters<br />

•Lady Thatcher leaving the inquiry after her testimony Wednesday.<br />

She parried polite but pointed questions from Lord Justice Scott.<br />

,~hatcher Tells Inquiry<br />

She Wasn't Informed of<br />

.S'ensitive Sales to Iraq<br />

By Richard W. Stevenson blank<strong>et</strong> immunity from prosecu-<br />

New'York Times Sen'ic'e tion.<br />

LONDON - Former Prime Occasionally turning combative,<br />

Minister Margar<strong>et</strong> Thatcher said the former prime minister repeat-<br />

Wednesday she had been unaware edly turned asi<strong>de</strong> suggestions that<br />

thatjunior ministers relaxed a pro- . the policy shift outlined in governhibition<br />

on sales of militarily sensi- ment documents and previous testive<br />

goods to Iraq in 1988,allowing timony to the inquiry amounted to<br />

Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Saddam Hussein's re- a major change in the way Britain<br />

gime to buy British weapons-mak- <strong>de</strong>alt with requests by its manufacing<br />

equipment in the years before turers to export "dual use" equip:<br />

the Gulf War.<br />

ment to Iraq.<br />

Testifying for the first time in an Such equipment, including maofficiiil<br />

inquiry into the sales, Lady chine tools, has civilian uses but<br />

Thatcher said she wished she had can also be employed in the probeen<br />

kept informed of the change. duction of weaponry.<br />

She said, however, that she viewed Un<strong>de</strong>r the 1984 gui<strong>de</strong>lines, Britthe<br />

shift even now as technical, ain effectively prohibited sales of<br />

limited in effect and not a funda- weaponry and dual-use machinery<br />

mental policy change that required to both Iran and Iraq, which were<br />

her approval or public disclosure. .at war at the time.<br />

Lady Thatcher, who led the Con- After the cease-fire b<strong>et</strong>ween<br />

servative government until Novem- those two countries in 1988, Britain<br />

ber. 1990, four months after the began responding to requests from<br />

Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, said in its exporters by allowing the sale of<br />

response to questions at the inquiry dual-use equipment to Iraq, althat<br />

she had not knowingly misled though the Thatcher government<br />

Parliament when she told the did not publicly disclose the<br />

House of Commons in 1989 that change.<br />

gui<strong>de</strong>lines on weapons sales to Iraq "It seems to me abundantly clear<br />

formulated in late 1984 had not thlil when they proposed these<br />

been changed.<br />

changes they viewed it as a change<br />

"This partiéular answer given of circumstances rather than a<br />

was what I believed to be correct," change of policy," Lady Thatcher<br />

she said. . . said.<br />

Asked wh<strong>et</strong>her ,Parliament The inquiry was s<strong>et</strong> up by Prime<br />

should have been informed of the Minister John Major last year following<br />

the collapse of a criminal<br />

change, Lady Thatcher, who fre- case against the top executives of<br />

quently referred to her tenure in Matrix Churchill, an Iraqi-owned,<br />

office in the present tense, replied: British-based company that was<br />

"I would not like to answer that selling machine tools to Iraq in the<br />

question without consi<strong>de</strong>ring it late 1980s,<br />

with my ministers,"<br />

The executives had been charged<br />

Lady Thatcher spent most of the with violating export laws, but the<br />

day parrying polite but pointed charges were dropped after governquestions<br />

from Lord Justice Scott, ment officials acknowledged they<br />

the High Court judge who is lead- had known that the equipment<br />

ing the inquiry, and his chief assis- might be used for military purtant,<br />

Presiley Baxendale.<br />

poses.<br />

The inquiry is to issue 11public Lady Thatcher said that she had<br />

report next year, but has no power not been consulted about the grantto<br />

bring criminal charges, and wit- ing of export licenses to Matrix<br />

nesses have been granted a near- Churchill.<br />

Iran: Normal Relations Should Mean No More Mur<strong>de</strong>rs Abroad<br />

By Mansour Farhaitg<br />

ENNINGTON, Vermont -<br />

B Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Bill Clinton's me<strong>et</strong>ing<br />

with Salman Rushdie last month inspires<br />

me to tell of my own experience<br />

with Iranian terrorism. .<br />

On June 10, an FBI agent carne to<br />

my house to inform me that I was on<br />

a hit list of the Islamic Republic of<br />

Iran. He revealed that the list had<br />

been passed on by "a friendly country"<br />

and that U.S. authoritiesjudged<br />

it serious enough to warrant his visit.<br />

He ad<strong>de</strong>d that only three of the 200<br />

people on the list lived in America.<br />

56<br />

After regaining my balance, I<br />

asked him to elaborate on the source<br />

and credibility of his information. He<br />

replied that he did not know anything<br />

else. He expressed sympathy but<br />

could not offer any advice or protee- .<br />

tion. He gave me his telephone num-<br />

. ber and encouraged 'me to call him if<br />

I had anything to report.<br />

Since then, I have been able to live<br />

without excessive concern for saf<strong>et</strong>y.<br />

I may be in danger, but I believe I still<br />

feel more secure in my environment<br />

than the paranoid guardians of the<br />

Islamic Republic do in theirs.<br />

That Tehran's theocrats have the<br />

.audacity to arrange the assassination<br />

of Iranian dissi<strong>de</strong>nts abroad is not<br />

. news, but the existence of a list of<br />

targ<strong>et</strong>s that inclu<strong>de</strong>s someone like me<br />

was a cOmpl<strong>et</strong>e surprise. The i<strong>de</strong>a .<br />

that I could be perceived as a threat<br />

to Iran was beyond my imagination, .<br />

for I arn a naturalized American citizen<br />

and have no affiliation with any<br />

exile or expatriate group.<br />

I work with a nuIilber of human<br />

rights organizations, but my 3D-year<br />

involvement in that cause has never<br />

been limited to Iran.<br />

I abhor political violence, even<br />

against a violent state like Iran., and<br />

• whenI ànälyze the character arid policies<br />

of the Islamic regime, I try to do<br />

so in a nonbelligerent fashion.<br />

Government officials in Tehran<br />

must be aware of these facts, because<br />

I periodically appear as a commentator<br />

on the Persian-language programs<br />

of the BBC and the Voice of America.<br />

But clearly, the hit list has little to<br />

do with the political weight of its targ<strong>et</strong>s.<br />

Iran's campaign of terror abroad<br />

is inten<strong>de</strong>d to <strong>de</strong>monstrate that the<br />

ruling clerics are not afraid of Western<br />

governments and can eliminate<br />

their critics wherever they live.<br />

Since the founding of the Islamic


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

Republic in 1979, 59 exiled Iranian<br />

dissi<strong>de</strong>nts have been assassinated: 10<br />

in France, nine in Pakistan, eight in<br />

Turkey, seven in ~y, seven in<br />

Austria, six in Iraq, ~ee fi England,<br />

two each in Switzerland and Italy, and<br />

one each in Swe<strong>de</strong>n,Cyprus, the United<br />

States, the Philippines and ~bai.<br />

In addition, Hitoshi Igarashi, the<br />

Japanese translator of Mr. Rushdie's<br />

book "The Satanic Verses," was<br />

killed in Tokvo in July 1991. Ettore<br />

Sofar, theregime has<br />

committed mur<strong>de</strong>r<br />

abroad with impunity.<br />

Capriolo, the'ltali~ fr~lat~r, was<br />

woun<strong>de</strong>d in a stabbmg fi Milan the<br />

same month. Last month the book's<br />

Norwegian publisher, William ~ygaard,<br />

was shot and woun<strong>de</strong>d outsi<strong>de</strong><br />

his home in Oslo. In France, Germany<br />

and Swi~land, ~urt cases are<br />

pending agaInst IranIan ~gents accused<br />

of killing other IranIans.<br />

The "friendly country" that fassed<br />

on the hit list to the FBI, later<br />

learned, was Germany. Th~.list was<br />

also'given to French and Bnush security<br />

services, because many of ~ose<br />

named on it live in those countnes.<br />

The document was found by police<br />

investigators in the home of an Iranian<br />

employee of the Islamic Republic's<br />

embassy in Bonn. He had been<br />

arrested as a suspect in the Septemturkish<br />

daily news<br />

Washington grants $1.1 billion to Ankara<br />

US and Turkey tra<strong>de</strong> talks open<br />

Thursday, December 9, 1993<br />

ber 1992 machine-gunning of four ward the West. All elements of the<br />

L)utraged the public and forced the<br />

presi<strong>de</strong>nt to cancel his trip.<br />

Iranian Kurds in Berlin.<br />

The only dissi<strong>de</strong>nt ass~inated in<br />

regime are united in this view.<br />

Emerging internal disputes on ceo-<br />

The American position toward the<br />

assassination campaign has been disthe<br />

United States was Ali Akbar Ta- nomic priorities might some day lead couraging. The State Department has<br />

batabai, a former press at~ché of the to conflict or diversity on foreign and y<strong>et</strong> to ask Iran publicly why it has<br />

Iranian Embassy In Washington. He<br />

was shot to <strong>de</strong>ath in July 1980 at the<br />

domestic policies, but such a <strong>de</strong>velopment<br />

is not y<strong>et</strong> on the horizon.<br />

given refuge to Mr. Belfield.<br />

The Reagan administration's exfront<br />

door of his house in Maryland The CIA believes that Presi<strong>de</strong>nt change of arms for hostages with Ayabya<br />

man posing as a mail earner. Hashemi Rafsanjani and the spiritual tollah Khomeini produced such cyni_<br />

The police investigation revealed lea<strong>de</strong>r, Ayatollah Sayed Ali Kha- cism among Tehran's ruling clerics<br />

that the suspect was David Be~ield, menei, personally approve every tar- that they hardly take Washington's<br />

also known as Daoud Salahuddin, a g<strong>et</strong> and plan of assassination abroad. pronouncements seriously. For furconvert<br />

to Islam who was an employee<br />

of the Iran interest section at the<br />

This was the case when Ayatollah<br />

Khomeini was at the helm.<br />

ther evi<strong>de</strong>nce that they do not need to,<br />

consi<strong>de</strong>r the estimated $1 billion in<br />

Algerian Embassy in Washington. So far, the regime has committed U.S. exports to Iran this year, in spite<br />

He fled to Canada, then flew to .Iran mur<strong>de</strong>r abroad with impunity. The of a long-standing tra<strong>de</strong> embargo.<br />

and has been living there ever SInce. <strong>de</strong>ath threat against Mr. Rushdie is The recent warnings by Presi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />

He was indicted in America and a the most publicized example of how Bill Clinton and Secr<strong>et</strong>ary of State<br />

warrant was issued for his arrest. Iran treats dissent, but he has at least Warren Christopher that Iran would<br />

In 1986 after the Iran-contra reve- received a worldwi<strong>de</strong> hearing for his be held responsible for its sponsorship<br />

lations the Reagan administration plight. His Iranian counterparts have of terrorism are promising. At the moconcoc'ted<br />

the notion of.a mod~ra~e to suffer or die in anonynnty. ment, however,one can only hope that<br />

faction in the Iranian regune to Jusl1- Repeated appeals to the United the administration will reject the cyni_<br />

fy its secr<strong>et</strong> arms sales to Ayatollah Nations secr<strong>et</strong>ary-general to question cal practices of its Republican pre<strong>de</strong>-<br />

Ruhollah Khomeini. To keep ~at<br />

fiction alive, a number of ~encan<br />

Iran about the assassination of dissi<strong>de</strong>nts<br />

abroad remain unanswered.<br />

cessors and initiate a more principled<br />

policy tl/ward the Islamic Republic.<br />

dreamers among the ranks ofJournal- European countries do not y<strong>et</strong> see To be sure, re-establishment of<br />

ists and foreign affairs experts chose that they have an interest in confront- normal diplomatic and economic r<strong>et</strong>o<br />

attribute Iran's international ter- ing Iran's criminal acts on their soil. lations ought to be the goal of the<br />

rorism including the assassinations, Maintaining access to Iran's oil and new policy. But rapprochement<br />

to ro~e elements in the regime. consumer mark<strong>et</strong>s seems to super- would be unconscionable without an<br />

Evi<strong>de</strong>nce su~es~ that Ir~ , s ter- se<strong>de</strong> any other concern. 'd F . Mi unconditional f' termination of Iran's<br />

rorism abroad, like ItS<strong>de</strong>spousm and In 1991, Presl ent rançOlS t- support or terronsm.<br />

anti-Americanism at home, emanates terrand accepted an invitation to visit _<br />

I f th . Iran even though by that time seven The writer, professor of politics at<br />

from the highest leve 0<br />

Tehran's theocrats seem to be e regune. frozen Iranian dissi<strong>de</strong>nts had been killed ed in Bennington College, is on the advisory<br />

in the belief, inherited from Ayatol- France. It was only the undisput board of Middle East Watch. He conal<br />

d connection of Mr. Bakhtiar's assas- tributed this comment to The New<br />

lah<br />

pends<br />

Khomeini,<br />

on remaining<br />

that their<br />

intransigent<br />

surviv<br />

tlJe-<br />

sins to the government of Iran that York Times.<br />

Washington presses further for prevention of Turkish violotions of intellectUlll property rights<br />

Turkish Daily News<br />

ANKARA- Crucial tra<strong>de</strong> talks b<strong>et</strong>ween<br />

the United States and Turkey within the<br />

framework of the Joint Economic Commission<br />

(lEC) opened yesterday in Ankara.<br />

In his speech at the opening of the talks,<br />

U.S. Assistant Secr<strong>et</strong>ary of State for European<br />

and Canadian Affairs Steph~n qxm~n<br />

said that Turkey successfully mamtams Its<br />

key role with its liberal economic structure<br />

and secular <strong>de</strong>mocracy. .<br />

Oxman noted that Turkey's economic<br />

achievements are remarkable by any criteri~<br />

on and that a.st{engthening of the econo~c<br />

relations b<strong>et</strong>ween Turkey and the Uruted<br />

States were of gieat significance.<br />

"Businessmen from both si<strong>de</strong>s should g<strong>et</strong><br />

to~<strong>et</strong>her and explore new business opportunitIes."<br />

In a welcome speech. Acting Treasury<br />

Un<strong>de</strong>rsecr<strong>et</strong>ary Osman Uosal said that the<br />

JEC will be a major instrument to give a<br />

boost to the bilateral tra<strong>de</strong> relations b<strong>et</strong>ween<br />

the two countries.<br />

He stressed that Turkey was strong<br />

enough to overcome all economic problems<br />

that it faces at the moment.<br />

"The Turkish economy of'ers great op-<br />

~rtunities. Major projects COJldbe handled<br />

Joinily in the Middle East as .veil as in Central<br />

Asia," Unsal said.<br />

After the opening ceremony, a comprehensive<br />

JEC session was held with the participation<br />

of high ranking officials from<br />

both countries.<br />

There is a long list of items on the agenda<br />

of the JEC, which was scheduled after Turkish<br />

Prime Minister Tansu Çiller's state visit<br />

to Washington last October.<br />

The issues to be given top priority during<br />

the Ankara round of lalks are the Iraqi-<br />

Turkish oil pipeline, intellectual property<br />

right~,investments, projects, fjnanclal cooperation<br />

and tra<strong>de</strong>.<br />

The O.S; <strong>de</strong>legation will <strong>de</strong>mand from<br />

their Turkish counterparts urgent legal action<br />

to stop the Turkish violations of intellectual<br />

property rights, a major source of<br />

complamts from U.S. ijrms over the past<br />

years.<br />

There are reports that such violations cost<br />

a total of $62 million to U.S. firms during<br />

1992; The U.S. Tra<strong>de</strong> Bureau has recently<br />

launched an investigation against Turkey on<br />

the grounds that Ankara was tolerating the<br />

violations of international patent and mtellectual<br />

property rights.<br />

Washington threatens to exclu<strong>de</strong> Turkish<br />

eXj>9rtproducts from the Generalized List of<br />

Preferences. a list of c()mm()ditie~allowed<br />

to enter the United States exempt from customs<br />

taxes and duties.<br />

The U.S. <strong>de</strong>legation will prepare a report<br />

on patent right practices in Turkey and will<br />

submit it to U.S. Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Bill Clinton in<br />

May.<br />

The final <strong>de</strong>cision will be ma<strong>de</strong> by Clinton.<br />

Turkey may lose its preferential tra<strong>de</strong><br />

privileges from the United States if Washmgton<br />

finds it guilty of violating patent and<br />

57


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

intellectual property rights.<br />

The 15-member U.S. <strong>de</strong>legation to Turkey<br />

has representatives from several U.S.<br />

<strong>de</strong>partments and agencies, ineluding the Department<br />

of State, the Export-Import Bank,<br />

the Agency for International Development;<br />

the Department of Commerce, the Tra<strong>de</strong><br />

Development Agency, the Office of the U.S.<br />

Tra<strong>de</strong> Representative, the Office of Intellectual<br />

Property and Comp<strong>et</strong>ition, the Overseas<br />

Private lnvestment Corporation, the Env}<br />

ronmental Protection Agency and, the<br />

Treasury Department. .<br />

A press release from the United States lnformation<br />

..Service said Wednesday that Oxman<br />

and Unsal will sign two U.S. Tra<strong>de</strong> and<br />

Development Agency grant agreements,<br />

valued at more than $1.1 billion, at the con-.<br />

elusion of the JEC. The signing ceremony<br />

will take place today (Thursday).<br />

.Compensation soughf for Manchester fanS<br />

''>. '...... .. • ,<br />

.' Reuter ..' junior minister was not satisfac- drunken behaviour and dam ag-<br />

:. 'LONDON- ,Four. BfiIIsh tory. ~ Pendry,' Labour's sports ing property, .'<br />

members of parlIament mten~ to spo¥esman, to~d Reuters. They were freed by a Turkish<br />

. keel> pressmg for co~ensatIOn 1}1e Fo!,elgn Om.ce is not court last week and <strong>de</strong>ported. .<br />

for Manchester Umted soccer pursumg WIth full vigour tbe A solicitor representing four<br />

fans ~ho say they were mistreat- . case for compensation and an of the fans has said the Turkish<br />

ed in Turkey, <strong>de</strong>spite being ,re- apology.", .' government should pay 500,000<br />

buffed ~n ,Tuesday by a foreign . The <strong>de</strong>pltati


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />

have Drogoul's funds transferred back to<br />

his control.<br />

Drogoul was originally charged with<br />

347 counts of bank fraud for allegedly<br />

orchestrating dlrs 5.5 billion in illegal<br />

loans to Iraq.<br />

The loans helped finance Iraq's weapons<br />

building before the PersIan Gulf<br />

War.<br />

Drogoul has maintained he never<br />

ma<strong>de</strong> the loans to Iraq to reap personal<br />

gain and that officials from his bank and<br />

the U.S. government'aware of what he<br />

was doing.<br />

They <strong>de</strong>ny it. Drogoul plea<strong>de</strong>d guilty<br />

once before but witlidrew the plea during<br />

a sentencing hearing last year, when<br />

his attorneys accused the U.S. and Italian<br />

governments ,of "the mother of all<br />

cover-ups." ,<br />

He now has plea<strong>de</strong>d guilty to one<br />

count of wire fraud and two counts of<br />

lying to fe<strong>de</strong>raI bank regulators.<br />

Defense attorneys have asked that<br />

Drogoul be sentenced to the 20 months<br />

he already has spent in prison. Prosecutots<br />

are asking for a sentence of 6 112<br />

years.<br />

L'HUMANITÉ - 9 décembre 1993<br />

Courrier <strong>de</strong>s lecteurs<br />

Des amis du peuple<br />

kur<strong>de</strong> trourent la<br />

démonstration <strong>de</strong><br />

Pasqua <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> sa police<br />

curieusement<br />

tapageuse.<br />

Inquiétu<strong>de</strong>s<br />

pour<br />

le peuple<br />

kur<strong>de</strong><br />

Prési<strong>de</strong>nte <strong>de</strong> l'association<br />

« Les amis du peuple kur<strong>de</strong> »,<br />

notre association se montre très<br />

inquiète à l'égard <strong>de</strong> la « rafle »<br />

opérée sur tout le territoire<br />

français à l'encontre <strong>de</strong> ressortissants<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> Turquie <strong>et</strong><br />

sur ses conséquences éventuelles.<br />

De telles arrestations massives<br />

désignent à l'opinion publique<br />

toute une communauté<br />

comme s'il fallait craindre sa<br />

présence sur le terri toire français,<br />

alors qu'un silence pesant<br />

règne sur les villages kur<strong>de</strong>s incendiés<br />

<strong>et</strong> sur les villes détruites<br />

par l'armée turque, sur les tortures<br />

<strong>et</strong> les assassinats pratiqués<br />

couramment par la contreguérilla<br />

au service <strong>de</strong> l'Etat<br />

turc.<br />

Pourquoi ce silence sur un tel<br />

génoci<strong>de</strong>? Tout citoyeo français<br />

attaché aux valeurs démocratiques<br />

est en droit d'attendre que<br />

son gouvernement dénonce la<br />

politique turque inhumaine,<br />

source <strong>de</strong> toutes les rébellions.<br />

n est choquant que l'accord <strong>de</strong><br />

ventes d'armes françaises passé<br />

avec la Turquie encourage celleci<br />

à poursuivre son massacre.<br />

Tant qu'aucune preuve d'actions<br />

terroristes <strong>de</strong> la part <strong>de</strong><br />

Kur<strong>de</strong>s arrêtés ne peut être produite,<br />

la justice française se doit<br />

<strong>de</strong> les libérer <strong>et</strong> le droit d'asile<br />

doit leur être appliqué, c'est<br />

leur accor<strong>de</strong>r « le droit <strong>de</strong> vivre»<br />

(... ).<br />

Michelle Meyer<br />

67000 Strasbourg<br />

Criminel<br />

Lamentable, dites-vous, le<br />

coup <strong>de</strong> fil<strong>et</strong> antikur<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Pasqua?<br />

Moi, je dis criminel, car<br />

beaucoup <strong>de</strong> Français - sauf,<br />

peut-être, au ministère <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur?<br />

- savent ou <strong>de</strong>vinent<br />

que ces gens sont persécutés chez<br />

eux.<br />

Ignoble, à mon avis, l'attitu<strong>de</strong><br />

<strong>de</strong>s évêques qui ont fait appel<br />

aux CRS pour déloger <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

réfugiés dans leur église à<br />

<strong>Paris</strong> <strong>et</strong> à Strasbourg.<br />

Je croyais l'église lieu d'accueil<br />

privilégié ...<br />

Jacques Sa/mon<br />

77000 Me/un<br />

Pas<br />

d'amalgame,<br />

•<br />

monsIeur<br />

Pasqua!<br />

Il ne faut pas risquer d'entr<strong>et</strong>enir<br />

une confusion sur le droit<br />

d'asile politique ainsi que sur la<br />

nature <strong>de</strong> la lutte <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>et</strong><br />

<strong>de</strong>s intégristes du FIS (... ).<br />

Le ministre <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur prétend<br />

que « la France est en train<br />

<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>venir la base arrière du<br />

terrorisme ». Cela reste à prouver.<br />

De toute façon, une question<br />

est posée : <strong>de</strong>puis <strong>de</strong>s années,<br />

qui accor<strong>de</strong> le droit d.'asile<br />

politique à <strong>de</strong>s responsables du<br />

FIS <strong>et</strong> d'autres mouvements intégristes,<br />

sinon les gouvernements<br />

successifs?<br />

En juill<strong>et</strong> 1992, « l'Humanité »<br />

dénonçait ces complaisances. Le<br />

7 janvier 1993, un article démontrait<br />

aussi que les représentants<br />

du FIS s'armaient en région<br />

parisienne (dans le<br />

département <strong>de</strong> M. Pasqua). Les<br />

évenements douloureux d'Algérie<br />

ont conduit le ministre <strong>de</strong><br />

l'Intérieur à assigner à rési<strong>de</strong>nce<br />

certains responsables du FIS,<br />

mais ils n'ont pas été expulsés<br />

vers l'Algérie.<br />

Tout autre est l'attitu<strong>de</strong> du<br />

pouvoir à l'égard <strong>de</strong>s militants<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s, ceux du PKK en particulier,<br />

fourtànt reconnus<br />

comme d authentiques réfugiés'<br />

politiques. Certains sont expulsés<br />

<strong>et</strong> livrés au ~ouvernement<br />

turc, ils sont promIs à la torture<br />

ou à!a mort.<br />

A l'est <strong>de</strong> la Turquie, le peu*<br />

kur<strong>de</strong> se bat pour sa survie <strong>et</strong> ~<br />

terre. Aux offres <strong>de</strong> négocia,<br />

tions, le gouvernement turc répond<br />

par le massacre <strong>de</strong> la p0-<br />

pulation. Les Kur<strong>de</strong>s sont<br />

persécutés en Turquie, en Iran,<br />

en Irak; pour se défendre, ontils<br />

le choix <strong>de</strong>s armes? Le<br />

combat d'es Kur<strong>de</strong>s n'a donc<br />

rien <strong>de</strong> comparable aux actes<br />

terroristes <strong>de</strong>s intégristes du<br />

FIS qui enten<strong>de</strong>nt imposer leur'.<br />

ordre obscurantiste à l'Algérie.<br />

Limmigration étant un suj<strong>et</strong> extrêmement<br />

sensible, soyons donc<br />

circonspect pour en traiter. Le<br />

gouvernement <strong>de</strong> cohabitation<br />

Balladur se sert <strong>de</strong> l'immi~ration<br />

pour manipuler l'opimon.<br />

Avec la révision <strong>de</strong> la Constitution,<br />

M. Pasqua s'est encore livré<br />

à une opération politicienne<br />

pour créer l'amalgame entre<br />

droit d'asile politique <strong>et</strong> immigration.<br />

Guy Poussy<br />

94 Champigny-sur-Marne<br />

Solidaire<br />

J'apporte mon soutien <strong>et</strong> ma<br />

solidarité avec le peuple kur<strong>de</strong><br />

dans l'appel dont le PCF est<br />

signataire. A HérouvilIe-Saint-<br />

Clair, un HérouvilIais kur<strong>de</strong> a<br />

été inquiété par la police. J'ai<br />

téléphoné le soir même chez lui,<br />

sa femme m'a appris qu'il avait<br />

été libéré. CelIe-ci connaît mon<br />

adresse pour une éventuelle solidarité<br />

...<br />

Maurice Morineau<br />

/4 Caen<br />

Du COTÉ<br />

D'ANKARA<br />

En publiant l'interview du<br />

Premier ministre turc le<br />

25 novembre, l'Edjn'apas<br />

rappelé à Mme Ciller la<br />

résolution du Parlement<br />

européen du 18 juin 1987,<br />

qui pose les conditions<br />

suivantes à l'examen <strong>de</strong><br />

la candidature <strong>de</strong> la Turquie<br />

à la CEE: la recon-.<br />

naissance par le 9ouvernement<br />

turc du genoci<strong>de</strong><br />

commis contre le peuple<br />

arménien par le gouverne<br />

ment Jeunes-Turcs;<br />

l'évaCll;ation<strong>de</strong>s troupes<br />

d'occupation turques à<br />

Chypre; l'application <strong>de</strong>s<br />

n011l)esdu droit internationâl<br />

dans les différends<br />

entre la Turquie <strong>et</strong> la<br />

Grèce; là reconnaissance<br />

du fait kur<strong>de</strong>; l'établissemént<br />

d'une démocratie<br />

parlementaire <strong>et</strong> le respect<br />

<strong>de</strong>s libertés individuelles<br />

<strong>et</strong> collectives, notamment<br />

religieuses,<br />

Depuis six ans, seul le rétablissement<br />

<strong>de</strong> la démocratie<br />

parlementaire a<br />

été réalise,<br />

Jacques Monnat, .Orléans<br />

59


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REvIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RMsTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

\.I.P ~ \~l'llll'!I,llllll)ll\\l-\.I.P. ~ bllll!r,lllll,!ill"'t-\.I.P ~ \~l'llll'lr.lllll'Pll'''l'-\.LP ~ \~l'llll'll.Illlll)ll'''l'-\.I.P.<br />

FRFR<br />

FRA0269 4 GI 0424 FRA IAFP-KD53<br />

Just ice-Kllt~<strong>de</strong>s<br />

Les avocats <strong>de</strong>s ~!.lt"<strong>de</strong>s incat'cét'és dénoncent "le bas-comm<strong>et</strong>~ce" entre la Ft~ance<br />

<strong>et</strong> la Tut"quie<br />

PARIS, 10 déc (AFP) - Les trois avocats <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s récemment incarcéa'és en<br />

Ft'ance 'ont dénoncé vendt'edi "le bas comm<strong>et</strong>'ce ql.1i s'e':5't instal.wé enta"€' la .<br />

Ft' a ncee t 1a Tut' qui e Il qui ape t"mis <strong>de</strong> dis s 0 1.\d t~e <strong>de</strong>s ass 0 cia t ion sku a'd e Si "p 0 I.W<br />

<strong>de</strong>s motifs ab<strong>et</strong>"rants <strong>et</strong> délirants" <strong>et</strong> d' incat"cét'<strong>et</strong>' <strong>de</strong>~. p<strong>et</strong>'sonnes "dont le<br />

dossi<strong>et</strong>' est complètement vi<strong>de</strong>".<br />

Au cours d'une conférence <strong>de</strong> presse ~ <strong>Paris</strong>, en présence <strong>de</strong> 35 Kur<strong>de</strong>s qui<br />

ont entamé le 4 décembre une grève <strong>de</strong> la faim, Me Jean-Jacques <strong>de</strong> Felice, Me<br />

Gilbert Collard <strong>et</strong> Me Mourad Oussedik ont noté la concomitance <strong>de</strong>s actions<br />

répressives en Allemagne <strong>et</strong> en France contre les Kur<strong>de</strong>s afin <strong>de</strong> les "empêcher<br />

<strong>de</strong> manifest<strong>et</strong>" lel-lr solidat'ité SOilS quelq'le fot'me que ce soit" à leut's<br />

compatt"i at es.<br />

Pour Me Oussedik, il est "ahurissant <strong>de</strong> voir le gouvernement français au<br />

nom <strong>de</strong> la t'aison d'Etat m<strong>et</strong>tt'e en place I-Ine t'épl"ession pat" ant icipat ion",<br />

citant les attendus du décr<strong>et</strong> du 2 décembre qui dissout e associations, au<br />

mot i f qu' e Il es" sel i vt"e n t s Ilt' ;10 ta- e te n' i toi t'e à <strong>de</strong>s


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

Curée <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

Vbu - Surmené que je suis. Palotin !<br />

C'est moi maintenant qui règle tous<br />

les problèmes du mon<strong>de</strong>. Et d'abord,<br />

ces minorités nationales qui veulent<br />

être maitres chez elles, comme si je<br />

l'étais, moi. maitre chez moi. awe<br />

Mère Ubu qui n'anête<br />

pas <strong>de</strong> me<br />

contrarier! n y a les Irlandais d'Irlan<strong>de</strong><br />

du Nord qui veulent pas être les<br />

~<strong>de</strong>l'Ang1eIâre,<strong>et</strong>lesPalestiniens<br />

<strong>de</strong> Palestine qui veulent<br />

pas être les Kur<strong>de</strong>s d'Israel, <strong>et</strong> les<br />

Kur<strong>de</strong>s du Kurdistan qui non contents<br />

<strong>de</strong> pas vouloir être Iraniens (ce<br />

qui nous faisaient encore plaisir<br />

avant-bier), ni Irakiens (ce qui nous<br />

ravissait encore bier), ne veulent pas<br />

non plus être Turcs, ce qui est insupportable,<br />

vu que la Turquie est lUl<br />

grand pays ami, donc civilisé, à preuvequ'il<br />

est membre <strong>de</strong> l'Of AN <strong>et</strong> qu'il<br />

<strong>de</strong>vrait <strong>de</strong>main être le premiermembre<br />

asiatique <strong>de</strong> l'Europe <strong>de</strong><br />

Mass<strong>et</strong>rique. Du coup, j'ai donc dû<br />

décidcrqu'il fiillait : Une, &ire le front<br />

commun avec Saddam <strong>et</strong> les ayatollahs<br />

; <strong>de</strong>usse, déclarer tous les Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

immigrés en Europe: terr0ristes,<br />

sa1aupiauts, bons à persécuter ;<br />

troisio, les renvoyer se &ire tuer chez<br />

eux. ..<br />

PlIIotiD - Ca sera pas un p<strong>et</strong>it peu<br />

gœoci<strong>de</strong>?<br />

Vbu - Bah !Ces geœ.-là ont l'habitu<strong>de</strong>.<br />

Ah !<strong>et</strong> puis, apd8, arr<strong>et</strong>e <strong>de</strong> pro-<br />

DODCCI'CC mot <strong>de</strong> génoci<strong>de</strong> dont l'usage<br />

est maintenant sous brev<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la<br />

« TIêve<strong>de</strong>Dieu »<strong>et</strong>réservéàl'avortemeot<br />

qui risque <strong>de</strong> nous priver d'un<br />

tas <strong>de</strong> bons chrétins, chômeurs <strong>et</strong><br />

sidaJques. Déjà que les défenseurs<br />

<strong>de</strong> ces pécheurs du sida me persécutent<br />

parce .qu'ils veulent pas payer<br />

l'AZf <strong>de</strong> la Wellcome Foundation<br />

(où j'ai <strong>de</strong> gros intérêts) à SOIl prix <strong>de</strong><br />

monopole, qui va me rapporter un<br />

gros milliard d'ici peu, le progrès <strong>de</strong><br />

la maladie aidant grâce à la noble<br />

lutte contre les capotes ( du coup, je<br />

<strong>de</strong>vrai partager le milliard avec mon<br />

ca-pote - bi ! bi! bi! - Jean-Paul<br />

6da). Sais-tu pas que ces gauchistes,<br />

ennemis du juste profit, osent prétcxaa"quel'<br />

AZf d'Acotexcoûte25 %<br />

moins cher <strong>et</strong> que les casseurs <strong>de</strong><br />

prix proposent même <strong>de</strong> reverser une<br />

part <strong>de</strong> leurs bénefs pour la recherche.<br />

Vivement partout la protection<br />

américaine <strong>de</strong>s brev<strong>et</strong>s que Rouge a<br />

osé attaquer !Je suis visé : mes gênes,<br />

à moi, sont sous brev<strong>et</strong>. Alors, si<br />

n'importe qui peut me les prendre <strong>et</strong><br />

me clôner ... Comme s'il y avait déjà<br />

pas assez d'Ubu dans le mon<strong>de</strong> !<br />

PlIlotin - Justement, je venais t'implorer<br />

<strong>de</strong> venir au secours d'Ubu-<br />

Mé<strong>de</strong>cin.<br />

Vbu - Tu vois bien qu'il faut que je<br />

m'occupe <strong>de</strong> tout Dis lui qu'il se ren<strong>de</strong>,<br />

à condition d'avoir me prison<br />

façon Escobar, avec téléphones, ordinateurs,<br />

télécopieurs, <strong>de</strong>s matons<br />

du SAC, toutes portes ouvertes, droit<br />

d'assassiner les traiIres qui se faufileraient<br />

jusqu'à lui, <strong>et</strong>c, <strong>et</strong>c. fi faut exiger<br />

dans ce pays autant <strong>de</strong> démocratie<br />

qu'en Colombie, que diable!<br />

Questions aux lecteurs: Est-ce que<br />

je <strong>de</strong>vrais pas démissionner <strong>de</strong> mon<br />

poste d'ubucrétaire ?<br />

Michel Lequenne.<br />

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,,:;i.(>U"'~ '23, I


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

Midi Littoral- 10 décembre 1993<br />

M<br />

0\<br />

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......<br />

~ coE<br />

:::l<br />

::r:::<br />

::....,<br />

Journal muselé<br />

'en Turquie,<br />

La police turque a effectué'<br />

vendredi soir une <strong>de</strong>scentè au<br />

journal « Ozgür Gùu<strong>de</strong>n » à Istanbul<br />

<strong>et</strong> à Diyarbakir. Tous les<br />

journalistes 'ont, 'été arrêtés ,<strong>et</strong><br />

pla!:és:en


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA<br />

STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

Le Nouveau Quotidien - 22 novembre 1993<br />

Tansu Çiller consoli<strong>de</strong> son pouvoir<br />

au moment où Ankara est mis au pilori<br />

Un comité <strong>de</strong> l'ONU. présidé par le Suisse Joseph Voyame, dénonce la «pratique systématique» <strong>de</strong> la torture<br />

Cil Turquie. Mme Çüler. quifulmine contre le «terrorisme kur<strong>de</strong>», est confirmée comme premier ministre.<br />

ALAIN CAMP10m<br />

Tansu Çiller, le premier ministre<br />

<strong>de</strong> Turquie qui a été<br />

confirIilée samedi à la tête<br />

du parti <strong>de</strong> la Juste voie - <strong>et</strong> par<br />

conséquent dans ses fonctions<br />

gouvernementales - ne lira pas<br />

avec plaisir le texte que le Suisse<br />

Joseph Voyame vient <strong>de</strong> rendre<br />

public: en tant que prési<strong>de</strong>nt du<br />

Comité <strong>de</strong>s Nations Unies contre<br />

la torture, l'ancien chef <strong>de</strong> l'Office<br />

fédéral <strong>de</strong> la justice accuse<br />

les autorités turques - <strong>et</strong> c'est la<br />

première fois qu'un Etat est <strong>de</strong><br />

c<strong>et</strong>te façon mis au pilori - <strong>de</strong> tolérer<br />

une «pratique systématique»<br />

<strong>de</strong> la torture, en particulier<br />

par les organes dépendant du Ministilre<br />

<strong>de</strong> l'intérieur.<br />

Le comité Voyame attend du<br />

gouvernement <strong>de</strong> Tansu Çiller<br />

«<strong>de</strong>s mesures énergiques <strong>et</strong> efficaces»<br />

pour m<strong>et</strong>tre fin à ces.actes<br />

dégradants, mais on sent bien<br />

qu'il n'a pas la conviction d'être<br />

rapi<strong>de</strong>ment entendu: la publication<br />

<strong>de</strong> son texte accusateur semble<br />

le démontrer. Il faut dire que<br />

Mme Çiller a accueilli samedi sa<br />

réélection par <strong>de</strong>s paroles dures<br />

sur sa détermination «à arrêter<br />

l'escala<strong>de</strong> du terrorisme», ce qui<br />

vise naturellement les combattants<br />

séparatistes du Parti <strong>de</strong>s<br />

travailleurs du Kurdistan (PKK):<br />

les métho<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> lutte, particulièrement<br />

impitoyables, employées<br />

contre eux par. l'armée. turque,<br />

dans les .provinces du sud-est<br />

sous état d'urgence, ne vont pas<br />

changer <strong>de</strong> sitôt.<br />

Le comité que prési<strong>de</strong> Joseph<br />

Voyame - <strong>et</strong> que le Suisse va<br />

d'ailleurs quitter - est un organe<br />

<strong>de</strong> surveillance <strong>et</strong> d'enquête mis<br />

en place par la Convention <strong>de</strong>s<br />

Nations Unies contre la torture,<br />

dont la Turquie est signataire.<br />

Dans son travail, il utilise en<br />

principe (comme d'autres institutions<br />

<strong>de</strong> même nature) <strong>de</strong>s procédures<br />

discrètes, intervenant sans<br />

publicüé.auprès <strong>de</strong>s gouverne-<br />

ments sous Iii forme <strong>de</strong> recommandations,<br />

avec l'espoir d'obtenir<br />

la correction <strong>de</strong> pratiques<br />

contraires à la convention. Mais<br />

parCois, c<strong>et</strong>te discrétion ne suffit<br />

pas; elle ne suffisait en particulier<br />

pas, ont estimé Voyame <strong>et</strong> les<br />

autres membres du comité, dans<br />

le cas <strong>de</strong> la Turquie.<br />

Les témoignages sur les tortures<br />

pratiquées par les organes <strong>de</strong><br />

sécurité turcs étaient si nombreux<br />

<strong>et</strong> si cohérents que le comité<br />

a décidé, il y a trois ans,<br />

d'entamer une procédure à laquelle<br />

la gouvernement d'Ankara,<br />

dans un premier temps, a<br />

refusé <strong>de</strong> collaborer" Après la défaite<br />

du Parti <strong>de</strong> la mère patrie <strong>de</strong><br />

Turgut Ozal, <strong>et</strong> l'arrivée au pouvoir<br />

d'une coalition comportant<br />

ia gauche populiste social-démocrate,<br />

Ankara a D.lllDtréplus <strong>de</strong><br />

souplesse, acceptap~. finalement<br />

qu'une mission d'enquête se<br />

ren<strong>de</strong> en Turquie, en juin <strong>de</strong> l'an<br />

passé.<br />

La délégation était composée<br />

<strong>de</strong> Joseph Voyame lui-même, <strong>et</strong><br />

du prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong> la Cour suprême<br />

du Cameroun, Alexis Dipanda<br />

Mouelle. Les <strong>de</strong>ux hommes ont eu<br />

<strong>de</strong>s entr<strong>et</strong>iens à Ankara <strong>et</strong> à<br />

Diyarbakir, principale ville <strong>de</strong> la<br />

région kur<strong>de</strong>, <strong>et</strong> ils ont pu rencontrer<br />

en tête à tête, en se faisant<br />

accompagner d'uri mé<strong>de</strong>cin,<br />

une bonne soixantaine <strong>de</strong> détenus.<br />

La quantité <strong>et</strong> la qualité <strong>de</strong>s<br />

témoignages recueillis (même<br />

compte tenu du fait que <strong>de</strong>s prisonniers<br />

peuvent avoir un intérêt<br />

politique à se dire torturés)<br />

étaient telles que les <strong>de</strong>ux enquêteurs<br />

onusiens n'ont plus eu aucun<br />

doute: la pratique <strong>de</strong> la torture<br />

en Turquie est un système.<br />

Certains locaux dépendant du Ministère<br />

<strong>de</strong> l'intérieur leur avaient<br />

été en outre interdits.<br />

Avec <strong>de</strong> telles conclusions, le<br />

comité a estimé que <strong>de</strong>s recommandations<br />

confi<strong>de</strong>ntielles<br />

adressées à Ankara ne seraient<br />

pas suffisantes. Il a donc annoncé<br />

son intention <strong>de</strong> rendre public un<br />

«compte rendu succinct» <strong>de</strong> ses<br />

travaux, une mesure que le gouvernement<br />

turc a jugée injustifiée<br />

au printemps <strong>de</strong>rnier. Le comité<br />

a finalement passé aux actes, estimant<br />

sans doute que les intentions<br />

affichées à Ankara, <strong>et</strong> certaines<br />

mesures annoncées (révision<br />

<strong>de</strong> dispositions pénales)<br />

restaient sans err<strong>et</strong> pratique, en<br />

particulier pour toutes les arrestations<br />

liées à <strong>de</strong>s procédures <strong>de</strong>vant<br />

les cours <strong>de</strong> sûr<strong>et</strong>é <strong>de</strong> l'Etat.<br />

En Turquie,<br />

la pratique<br />

<strong>de</strong> la torture<br />

est un système<br />

Joseph Voyame <strong>et</strong> ses collègues<br />

avaient ainsi <strong>de</strong>mandé que<br />

les enquêteurs abandonnent<br />

l'usage du ban<strong>de</strong>au sur les yeux<br />

pendant les interrogatoires; ils<br />

<strong>de</strong>mandaient aussi que soit créé<br />

un système d'assistance judiciaire<br />

gratuite, <strong>et</strong> que les avocats<br />

puissent pénétrer dans les lieux<br />

<strong>de</strong> détention. Ils n'ont obtenu que<br />

<strong>de</strong>s réponses insuffisantes, ou<br />

pas <strong>de</strong> réponse du tout. Le comité<br />

avait aussi <strong>de</strong>mandé la «<strong>de</strong>struction<br />

immédiate» <strong>de</strong> ce qu'en Turquie<br />

on nomme les «sarcophages»:<br />

<strong>de</strong>s cellules d'isolement<br />

sans éclairage, qui mesurent 80<br />

centimètres sur 60, dans lesquelles<br />

le détenu ne peut vivre que<br />

<strong>de</strong>bout ou accroupi. 0<br />

Vmgt mille Kur<strong>de</strong>s à Bonn<br />

Plus <strong>de</strong> vingt mille Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

ont manifesté samedi à Bonn<br />

pour protester contre les perquisitions<br />

qui ont visé les associations<br />

proches du PKK, à la<br />

suite d'assauts menés au début<br />

du mois contre <strong>de</strong>s intérêts<br />

.turcs en Allemagne. La manifestation<br />

visait aussi à protester<br />

contre la menace d'interdiction<br />

qui pèse sur le PKK.Des<br />

manifestations similaires, mais<br />

bien plus mo<strong>de</strong>stes, ont également<br />

eu lieu à.strasbourg <strong>et</strong> à<br />

<strong>Paris</strong>, après l'opération policière<br />

menée jeudi <strong>de</strong>rnier dans<br />

toute la France contre les militants<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s.<br />

A Ankara, le Parti <strong>de</strong> la démocratie<br />

(DEP), proche du<br />

PKK, a <strong>de</strong>mandé à la CSCE<br />

(Conférence sur la sécurité <strong>et</strong><br />

la coopération en Europe) la<br />

création d'un comité permanent<br />

sur la situation <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

<strong>de</strong> Turquie «au seuil d'un<br />

génoci<strong>de</strong> <strong>et</strong> d'une déportation»,<br />

dit ce parti.<br />

LNQ<br />

63


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DELA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />

Réforme - Il décembre 1993<br />

o Appel <strong>de</strong>s chrétiens<br />

. du Kurdistan irakien<br />

Des dirigeants assyriens d'Irak sont<br />

inqui<strong>et</strong>s du déclin <strong>de</strong> leurs<br />

communautés dans le Kurdistan<br />

irakien - <strong>de</strong>s communautés installées<br />

<strong>de</strong>puis 5000 ans dans la région"<strong>et</strong><br />

chrétiennes dès l'aube du<br />

christianisme, Quelque trois millions<br />

d'Assyriens (Eglise orientale rattachée<br />

à Rome) ont déjà émigré en Europe,<br />

Etats-Unis, Canada <strong>et</strong> Australie. Selon<br />

un prêtre assyrien, nombre <strong>de</strong> villes <strong>et</strong><br />

villages naguère chrétiens à 90 % ne<br />

le sont plus qu'à 30 %. Avant la<br />

guerre du Golfe, les chrétiens d'Irak<br />

étaient en butte à une politique<br />

d'arabisation à outrance, les autorités<br />

cherchant fi. éradiquer leur culture <strong>et</strong><br />

leur langue (ils parlent encore<br />

l'araméen). Depuis la guerre, la<br />

pression vient <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s qui<br />

reprochent aux chrétiens <strong>de</strong> ne pas<br />

s'être opposés vigoureusement à<br />

Saddam Hussein. Ils investissent les<br />

villages traditionnellement chrétiens<br />

du Kurdistan <strong>et</strong> la kurdisation<br />

remplace désormais l'arabisation! Les<br />

dirigeants chrétiens du Kurdistan en<br />

appellent à l'Occi<strong>de</strong>nt, qui a aidé les<br />

Kur<strong>de</strong>s menacés par Saddam, mais<br />

n'ai<strong>de</strong> pas les chrétiens menacés par<br />

les Kur<strong>de</strong>s: "Au lieu d'ai<strong>de</strong>r les<br />

chrétiens à émigrer, l'Occi<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong>vrait<br />

les ai<strong>de</strong>r ici, afin qu'ils n'aient pas <strong>de</strong><br />

raisons <strong>de</strong> partir. »<br />

SPP-Informations<br />

L'Alsace- Il décembre 1993<br />

MRAP: soutien<br />

auX Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

L'interpellation <strong>de</strong> KII~<strong>de</strong>s en<br />

France .<strong>et</strong>. l'interdiction <strong>de</strong><br />

leurs associations culturelles<br />

inquiète le comité local du<br />

MRAP (mouvement contre le<br />

racisme <strong>et</strong> pour l'amitié entre<br />

les peuples): Réuni lundi, le<br />

MRAP <strong>de</strong> Belfort a dénoncé<br />

ces pratiques qui.« ne peuvent<br />

que renforcer un c1lmàt<br />

<strong>de</strong> méfiance il l'égard <strong>de</strong>s<br />

étrangers Il. Demandant à ce<br />

qu'ils soient libérés <strong>et</strong> que<br />

leurs droits associatifs soient<br />

reconnus, le MRAP réaffirme<br />

«80n 80utlen au peuple<br />

kur<strong>de</strong> qui ne fait que luller<br />

pour sea drollB légitimes esaenUela,<br />

face il une Turquie<br />

<strong>de</strong>s plU8 répre88lves. " .<br />

Le Mon<strong>de</strong>- 12 décembre 1993<br />

TURQUIE<br />

Arrestations<br />

dans les milieux proches<br />

<strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

La police turque a 'investi, dans<br />

la soirée du vendredi' 10 décembre,<br />

le siège du quotidien pro-kur<strong>de</strong><br />

Ozgur Gun<strong>de</strong>m à Istanbul. Elle a<br />

procédé à une perquisition, appréhendé<br />

<strong>et</strong> placé en gar<strong>de</strong> à vue une<br />

,quarantaine <strong>de</strong> collaborateurs du<br />

journal, a-t-on appris <strong>de</strong> bonnes<br />

sources. Récemment, Ozgur Gun<strong>de</strong>m<br />

avait à <strong>de</strong>ux reprises été suspendu<br />

durant quinze jours pour<br />

«propagan<strong>de</strong>» en faveur du «séparatisme»<br />

dans <strong>de</strong>s articles jugés<br />

« susceptibles <strong>de</strong> porter atteinte au<br />

.caractère indivisible <strong>de</strong> la nation <strong>et</strong><br />

<strong>de</strong> l'Etat tures».<br />

D'autre part, la Fédération internationale<br />

<strong>de</strong>s Ligues <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong><br />

l'homme (FlOH) «(dénonce fermement<br />

l'arrestation <strong>de</strong> seize avocats<br />

inscrits au barreau. <strong>de</strong> Diyarbakir»,<br />

la principale ville du Sud-Est anatolien<br />

à majorité kur<strong>de</strong>. La FlDH<br />

affirme que «le seul reproche jàit à<br />

ces avocats est d'être Kur<strong>de</strong>s )). -<br />

(AFP.)<br />

A.EP -Agence FrancePresse-A.EP. -Agence FrancePresse-A.EP -,~gence FrancePresse-A.EP -Agence FrancePresse-A.EI~<br />

FRA0294 4 I 0208 TUR /AFP-UN53<br />

TI_wq'_ti e-KI~w<strong>de</strong>s<br />

Levée du couvre-feu ~ Cizre (sud-est <strong>de</strong> la Turquie)<br />

ANKARA, 12 déc (AFP) - Le couvre-feu instauré samedi ~ Cizre (sud-est,<br />

.frontière syro-irakienne) après <strong>de</strong>s inci<strong>de</strong>nts entre rebelles kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>et</strong> forces<br />

<strong>de</strong> l'ordre qui avaient fait quatre morts dans la nuit <strong>de</strong> vendredi ~ samedi, a<br />

été levé dimanche, a rapporté l'agence turque Anatolie.<br />

Des rebelles kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> Turquie ont ouvert le feu avec <strong>de</strong>s armes lour<strong>de</strong>s<br />

sur les bâtiments publiques <strong>et</strong> d'autres habitations dans le centre-ville<br />

<strong>de</strong>puis les hauteurs entourant la ville, tuant 2 civils dans une maison touchée<br />

par un obus, avait indiqué l'agence citant <strong>de</strong>s autorités <strong>de</strong> la<br />

super-préfecttire <strong>de</strong> Diyarbakir.<br />

Par ailleurs~ 2 policiers avaient été tués dans l'explosion <strong>de</strong> le~r<br />

véhicule blindé SUt~ une mine "déposée pat~ les terrot~istes" alot~s qu'il se<br />

dirigeait vers les lieux <strong>de</strong>s inci<strong>de</strong>nts, toujours selon la même source.<br />

Les autorités locales avaient décrété un couvre-feu samedi matin pour<br />

r<strong>et</strong>rouver les assaillants qu'elles ont affirmé être <strong>de</strong>s membres du Parti <strong>de</strong>s<br />

travailleurs<br />

<strong>de</strong>puis août<br />

du Kurdistan<br />

1984.<br />


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA<br />

STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASlN ÖZETi<br />

Monday, December J3, J 993 turkish daily news<br />

TDN Exclusive<br />

'-<br />

Who runs the PKK?<br />

PKK to g<strong>et</strong> more<br />

vicious following<br />

,- . ~-!.'.<br />

~-<br />

",<br />

r-<br />

~.


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE lA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

TDN Exclusive.'<br />

PKK to g<strong>et</strong> more vicious<br />

.Öcalan and 'iimer circle' of three turn to more violence as<br />

. SELIM ÇÙRUKKAYA: Nom <strong>de</strong> guerre "TUki (Fox) Selim" is now missing.<br />

Formerly PKK comman<strong>de</strong>r in charge of all of Europe, he is said<br />

to have pock<strong>et</strong>ed large sums of money out of drug <strong>de</strong>als, He <strong>de</strong>fected<br />

from the organization and just when contacting the Turkish press<br />

to talk, disappeared. Reports are that he has been abducted and taken<br />

to Lebanon by the PKK for questioning.<br />

CEMIL BAYIK: The closest person to Ocalan within the whole of the<br />

.PKK is undoubtedly CemU BaYlk, nom <strong>de</strong> guerre Cuma (Friday). Ba-<br />

Ylk was formerly in charge of all PKK activities in and from Iraq and<br />

Iran. A PKK Central Committee member, BaYlk is ~.mong the foun<strong>de</strong>rs<br />

of the organization and has been tog<strong>et</strong>her with Ocalan since the<br />

mid 1980s. Currently, he too is based in Syria and Lebanon, but<br />

holds the titlé of M.i1itaryc::ouncil com~an<strong>de</strong>r.. ..<br />

By Ism<strong>et</strong> G.ims<strong>et</strong><br />

Turkish Daily News<br />

ANKARA- Recent operations<br />

launched against the outlawed<br />

Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)<br />

in Europe have <strong>de</strong>livered a serious<br />

blow to- the financial resources<br />

of this organization but<br />

will unavoidably strengthen the<br />

say of radical leadç,rs on its<br />

chairman Abdullah Ocalan. In<br />

the coming period, the PKK is<br />

expected to fall more and more<br />

un<strong>de</strong>r the influence of hard liners,<br />

CUIIently, three people other<br />

than Ocalan appear to have a ..<br />

dominant influence on organizational<br />

policies and two of them<br />

areJ>ased in ~urope. ,<br />

Ocalan's. nght handman IS<br />

i<strong>de</strong>ntified as Cemil BaYlk. Faysal<br />

Dumlayici, who is known by<br />

the co<strong>de</strong> name of Kani YIimaz,<br />

is in charge of all European activities:<br />

And the orgamzation's<br />

66<br />

spokesman for Europe is Ali Sapan.<br />

.Since May 1979, when he<br />

fled from Turkey to nearby Syria<br />

anQ.then m9ved on to Lebanon,<br />

Ocalan has appeared on the<br />

scene of violence as the sole<br />

lea<strong>de</strong>r of the PKK. He has a reputation<br />

for intolerance to any opposition<br />

and has reportedly so<br />

far or<strong>de</strong>red the execution of over<br />

25 of his comra<strong>de</strong>s. -- on the<br />

gf;Qun(f$' that (h((Y:~e{ë:c,Qnsjpir, ~<br />

log against his lea<strong>de</strong>rship.<br />

.Over the years;. hiS most<br />

wi<strong>de</strong>ly heard argument is that<br />

there is a U.S.-backed plan to<br />

solve Turkey's Kurdish problem<br />

with a PKK without him as the<br />

lea<strong>de</strong>r.<br />

,In the past two months,<br />

Öcalan has referred frequently to<br />

what he brands as "attem~ts to<br />

create a new lea<strong>de</strong>rship, and<br />

has warned his followers not to<br />

fall in.1inewith slol;Ch~'plo~."But<br />

Öcalan's sole control over the<br />

organization appears now to be<br />

no more than a window display<br />

which hé believes and others tolerate.<br />

According to observers who<br />

f~llow the org'lpization's actiyilies<br />

c1o~ely,Ocalan hasdlstanted<br />

himself from Turkish and<br />

regional realities mainly as a result<br />

of living out of the area for<br />

the past 14 years.<br />

Based in Syria ang Lebanon<br />

during thi~ period, Ocalan has<br />

en<strong>de</strong>d up not only losing his<br />

contact with realities but .also<br />

running the risks involved in<br />

taking <strong>de</strong>cisions based only on<br />

the second hand information<br />

which is provi<strong>de</strong>d to him. .<br />

Meanwhile, over the past 14<br />

years, the PKK. has expan<strong>de</strong>d<br />

both its numbers and its zones of<br />

action, with the influence on the<br />

organization of its grassroots<br />

and field command~rs increasing<br />

as well. ..<br />

One claim is now that Ocalan<br />

no longer fully controls his organization<br />

but that the organization<br />

is controlling him, and that<br />

the movement is currently <strong>de</strong>vouring<br />

its lea<strong>de</strong>r. Security offiçjals<br />

believe it is impossible for<br />

Ocalan alone, living ID a self-imposed<br />

exile in the Middle East,<br />

to be in a position to organize<br />

activities from Europe to Australia<br />

and from America to the<br />

Middle East. -<br />

Here, the crucial question fits<br />

into the. p,i,cture: Who are the<br />

closest to Ocalan and what kind<br />

of influence do they have on<br />

h ' ? .<br />

lm.<br />

The Inner Circle:<br />

Cemil BaYlk: .. .<br />

The closest person to Ocalan<br />

within the whole of the PKK is<br />

undoubtedly' Cemil BaYlk, nOm


REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RNISTA<br />

STAMPA~DENTRO DE lA PRJë.NSA~BASlNÖZETi<br />

following Euro-crackdown<br />

PKK./eels pressure growinK<br />

Öcalan also goes through him.<br />

l:Jeis the one person, other than<br />

Ocalan's Syrian origin personal<br />

ai<strong>de</strong>, "Hamit", who sees the<br />

PKK lea<strong>de</strong>r on a daily basis. He<br />

is always with and close to<br />

Öcalan.<br />

When the PKK <strong>de</strong>clared its<br />

unilateral cease-fire last March,<br />

BaYlk was among the first to<br />

contest it saying that the <strong>de</strong>cision<br />

was untimely. When a PKK<br />

unit spoiled the cease-fire<br />

through a preemptive massacre<br />

in Bingöl, BaYIkwas the first to<br />

hear the news aQ.drelay it to his<br />

lea<strong>de</strong>r. Though Ocalan was misinformed<br />

that the 35 unarmed<br />

soldiers who were disembarked<br />

from a bus and killed were victims<br />

of a clash with a local PKK<br />

unit.<br />

All PKK regional comman<strong>de</strong>rs<br />

are attached to BaYIkas part<br />

of the so-called Kurdistan Peo<strong>de</strong><br />

guerre Cuma (Friday). BaYIk<br />

was formerly in charge of all<br />

PKK activities in and from Iraq<br />

and Iran.<br />

During the 1992 joint Turkish-Iraqi<br />

Kurdish crackdown on<br />

the PKK in northern Iraq, he had<br />

a back injury and was withdrawn<br />

to Damascus where --<br />

with the assistance of Syrian officials<br />

-- he was operated on and<br />

treated.<br />

BaYIk, a PKK Central Committee<br />

member, is among the<br />

foun<strong>de</strong>rs of the organization,<br />

and has been tog<strong>et</strong>her with<br />

Ocalan since the mid 1980s.<br />

Currently, he too is based in<br />

Syria and the Syrianocontrolled<br />

territories of Lebanon, but holds<br />

the title of Military Council<br />

comman<strong>de</strong>r.<br />

Every piec!; of information<br />

heading to Ocalan goes via<br />

BaYlk, and every "or<strong>de</strong>r" from<br />

pies' Liberation Army (ARGK),<br />

and he is directlr responsible for<br />

the organization s armed attacks.<br />

BaYIk, who now heads some<br />

10,000 militants in the whole of<br />

the region, often passes on or<strong>de</strong>rs<br />

using a sophjsticated wireless<br />

s<strong>et</strong>, which can reach out into<br />

the <strong>de</strong>pths of Turkish territory,<br />

or .by using a normal telephone<br />

with co<strong>de</strong> words. After the or<strong>de</strong>rs<br />

are passed, carrying them<br />

out is up to the regional comman<strong>de</strong>rs.<br />

RIza Altun:<br />

Most of the time, a second<br />

person, RIza Altun, is placed in<br />

charge of the technical aspect of<br />

communications. If BaYlk is at a<br />

distance from the wireless s<strong>et</strong> --<br />

if for instance it is in Lebanon<br />

but the comman<strong>de</strong>r himself is in<br />

Syria _: or<strong>de</strong>rs are relayed<br />

through Altun. "<br />

BaYlk systematically <strong>de</strong>nies<br />

he is a PKK hard-liner, but both<br />

Iraqi Kurdish lea<strong>de</strong>rs and security<br />

officials in Ankara challenge<br />

this <strong>de</strong>nial. For them, BaYlk is a<br />

leading hard-liner within the organization.<br />

Altun, who has spent seven<br />

out of his nine years in prison<br />

trapped in a dark confinement<br />

cell, is also a hard-liner and is<br />

less inclined to <strong>de</strong>ny it. He was<br />

reportedly tortured for over a<br />

year while un<strong>de</strong>r <strong>de</strong>tention in<br />

Diyarbalar in the 1980s, and, after<br />

his release from prison last<br />

year along with Mustafa Karasu,<br />

was "taken out of the country by<br />

the organization. In r<strong>et</strong>urn for<br />

his "commendable resistance"<br />

while in jail, Altun was named<br />

as a Central Committee member,<br />

a position he currently holds.<br />

Semdin Saluk:<br />

Another crucial link that<br />

BaYIk has is his direct relationship<br />

with. the PKK's regional<br />

comman<strong>de</strong>r in charge of the<br />

Amed, or greater DiyarbakIr region,<br />

~emdin Salak. The massacre<br />

of off-duty soldiers in Bingöl<br />

last May \ which en<strong>de</strong>d' the<br />

cease-fire, was carried out by a<br />

unit attached to Salak, who is di-<br />

KANI YILMAZ: The next closest person to Ocalan after BaYlk is Kani<br />

Yllmaz, a Central Committee member of the organization who is now<br />

portrayed as the European representative of the PKK's Peoples' Liberation<br />

Front (ERNK). Despite the title he uses in Europe, apparently<br />

<strong>de</strong>signed ~o allow him to stay there without legal tangles, YIImaz<br />

is actually Öcalan's "political advisor," a person very close to the<br />

PKK lea<strong>de</strong>r who has much influence and say on major policy issues.<br />

ALI SAPAN: Along with Akif Hasan, Sapan is part of the superstructure<br />

in Europe and <strong>de</strong>spite his legal title as "ERNK spokesman" he is<br />

a known member of the Central Committee. He too has great influence<br />

on Ocalan and is expected to have further say on organizational<br />

affairs in the future. He is said to be the third key name in the inner<br />

circle which is really controlling the PKK. He has a major role in<br />

PKK propaganda activities as well.<br />

67


REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RIVISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

rectly responsible to BaYlk.<br />

SakIk was the first comman<strong>de</strong>r<br />

within Turkish territory to<br />

challenge Ocalan"s <strong>de</strong>cision for<br />

peace earlier this year, and even<br />

before the Bingoi massa


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

Kaya: DEP isn't PKK<br />

Greek <strong>de</strong>puties at convention back Kurdish 'struggle'<br />

Turkish Daily News<br />

ANKARA- Pro-Kurdish Democracy Party (DEP) former<br />

chairman Ya~ar Kaya said on Sunday that his party w~s<br />

neither an or~an of, nor a <strong>de</strong>puty for, the outlawed KurdIstan<br />

Workers Party (PKK). Addressing the first extraordinary<br />

convention of the party, during which a new executive<br />

board and chairman were to be elected, Kaya noted<br />

that the PKK had opted for armed struggle whereas his<br />

~arty had chosen to carry out its struggle along <strong>de</strong>mocratic<br />

Jines.<br />

"To confuse the two would be political blindness," he<br />

said. Deputies of Greek p?litical parties, who atten<strong>de</strong>d the<br />

conventIon as guests, saId they backed the Kurdish struggle,<br />

alleging that "Greek public opinion was with the<br />

Kurds." Security was tight at the convention. Delegates<br />

and party members were admitted into Atatürk Sports Pavilion,<br />

which had been temporarily converted into a convention<br />

hall, only after police searched them for weapons.<br />

Huge paintings of Kaya and mur<strong>de</strong>redDEP <strong>de</strong>puty Mehm<strong>et</strong><br />

Smear <strong>de</strong>corated the hall. The Turkish flag was hung<br />

si<strong>de</strong> by si<strong>de</strong> with the DEP banner. A placard read, "First<br />

the municipalities, then the government." The crowd at the<br />

convention hall were asked to shout no slogans other than<br />

those <strong>de</strong>termined by the party beforehand. The national<br />

anthem was not sung. A minute's silence was observed for<br />

the "martyrs." The crowd, meanwhile, shouted "Biji Kurdistan,"<br />

meaning "Long live Kurdistan!"<br />

The candidates, Adiyaman <strong>de</strong>puty Mehmut Kilinc,<br />

Diyarbaku <strong>de</strong>puty Hatip Dicle, anClthe party's Secr<strong>et</strong>ary<br />

General tbrahlm Aksoy, entered the conventIOn hall hand<br />

in hand. Later on DEP lea<strong>de</strong>r Y~ar Kaya entered the hall,<br />

accompanied by DiyarbaJor <strong>de</strong>puty Leyla lana.<br />

"A military solution is no solution"<br />

Addressing the convention, Kaya said ther, were representatives,<br />

elected by the will.of the ~ople. 'They cannot<br />

force us out of here even with guns, he said, adding that<br />

they were the,"real owners of the country, having lived ori<br />

the land for six thousand years."<br />

"You are the members of a party whose language, funerals,<br />

i<strong>de</strong>ntity are all banned. You are the members of a party<br />

that they want annihilated. But it won't be possible to<br />

<strong>de</strong>stroy us. The DEP believes that the Kurdish question<br />

can be solved through a political solution based on the<br />

brotherhood and equality of the two peoples. While no<br />

other party had a solution offer, we had our own prescription.<br />

Now they're followina in our steps. Y<strong>et</strong> the Kurdish<br />

question has been in existe~ce for 70 years and has caught<br />

unawares those that <strong>de</strong>nied its existence for all this time," he<br />

said.<br />

~~a said armed attacks, formerlyon People's Labor P!ll'-<br />

ty (HEP) members, and now on DEP members, were continuing,<br />

addin a that none of the perp<strong>et</strong>rators, including the<br />

mur<strong>de</strong>rers 0 f .Mehm<strong>et</strong>.S~n~ar,had as y<strong>et</strong> been caught.<br />

"The KurdIsh questIOI1lsnot one of backwardness or terrorism.<br />

It is one of i<strong>de</strong>ntity and has taken on dimensions that<br />

cannot be si<strong>de</strong>lined any more. If a military solution and a<br />

policy of <strong>de</strong>nial were the panacea, the question would have<br />

been solved long ago.<br />

But it has become clear that a holocaust is no solution.<br />

Now the PKK has been put forward as an excuse to ignore<br />

the problem. We're not separatists, we're unionists. We want<br />

to contribute to the integnty of this country with our i<strong>de</strong>ntity,"<br />

Kaya maintained.<br />

"We're no organ orthe PKK"<br />

The DEP chainnan said that just as the DEP was no organ<br />

of the PKK, so the PKK was no part of the DEP. He said the<br />

PKK was a "party" with its army and national front. "As for<br />

the ~EP," he said, "it is a party that consi<strong>de</strong>rs the Kurdish<br />

questIOnthe greatest barrier to <strong>de</strong>mocratization; a <strong>de</strong>mocratic<br />

p,arty with Its own organization and program."<br />

We want to solve the Kurdish question with the territorial<br />

integrity of the country intact. Therefore we're being tried<br />

by the State Security Court (DGM)," he argued..<br />

"The PKK has been waging lUlned struggle. But the DEP<br />

is striving for a <strong>de</strong>mocratic solution. The PKK doesn't need<br />

this. And we're no organ nor a <strong>de</strong>puty of the PKK. The two<br />

are different parties. To confuse the two would be political<br />

blindness. We <strong>de</strong>mand total equality. and we're ready to sacrifice<br />

our lives for it. We're sick and tired of 70 years of<br />

pressure and exile. There's no use in forcing us to adopt other<br />

measures. What we've been doing has nothing to cfowith<br />

armed terrorist activity," he said.<br />

"We're the champion of a <strong>de</strong>mocracy without exceptions,"<br />

Ka~a ad<strong>de</strong>d.<br />

, The Kurdish qutstion is not<br />

contingent on tile PKK"<br />

Kaya said that for a solution to be found to the Kurdish<br />

questIOn the issue must be <strong>de</strong>bated. "Y<strong>et</strong> such <strong>de</strong>bate is not<br />

possible un<strong>de</strong>r the anti-terrorism law. You just cannot <strong>de</strong>-<br />

~ate the issue w!tho.utthe participatio~ of Kurds. The.~ebate<br />

ISb<strong>et</strong>ween Turkish Journalists and wnters. When we Jom the<br />

<strong>de</strong>bate, it's consi<strong>de</strong>red a crime," he claimed.<br />

Kaya argued that to create the impression that Kurds rebelled<br />

agamst the state although they were given all <strong>de</strong>mocratic<br />

rights was mistaken.<br />

"The PKK is a result of the Kurdish question remaining<br />

unsolved for 70 years. And y<strong>et</strong> the question is not contingent<br />

on the PKK, either. Such distortion of the truth must be<br />

stopped," he said.<br />

He claimed that threats to lift the parliamentary immunity<br />

of DEP <strong>de</strong>puties were hanging like the sword of Damocles<br />

over their neads.<br />

"But we're only trying to effect a <strong>de</strong>mocratic solution to<br />

the Kurdish problem," he ad<strong>de</strong>d.<br />

Kaya listed their suggestions for the solution of the problem<br />

as follows:<br />

"First we <strong>de</strong>mand the constitutional recognition of the<br />

Kurdish i<strong>de</strong>ntity. That inclu<strong>de</strong>s Kurdish broadcasts and curricula.<br />

Second, the people of the region must be freed from<br />

pressure. .<br />

Emergency' rule must be lifted, the system of employing<br />

state-paid VIllage guards must be abolIshed. The counterguemlla<br />

and special teams must be withdrawn, torched villages<br />

must be rebuilt. Lastly. an amnesty must be <strong>de</strong>creed.<br />

Kurdish politicians i~ exile m~~t be al~owed to r<strong>et</strong>urn to<br />

Turkey and s<strong>et</strong> up theIr own politJcal partIes. But claims that<br />

Kurds are guilty of subversion are put forward to <strong>de</strong>ny them<br />

Such rights.<br />

We want to contribute to peace. So we want dialogue to<br />

start. But it shouldn't be forgotten that peace is not possible<br />

without Kurds bein$ granted their rights."<br />

"Backyard neighbors •••"<br />

Kaya said an unacknowledged war was raging in the<br />

Southeast, adding that they regar<strong>de</strong>d all those killed in action<br />

as their "own children."<br />

. He <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>d another cease-rue in or<strong>de</strong>r to l<strong>et</strong> people live<br />

ID peace.<br />

69


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-.RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

70<br />

ftMeans must be sought for another cease-fire. Were<br />

backyard neiohbors with both the PKK and the state. When<br />

these two po~ers start fi¥.hting,bombs fall on us. That's why<br />

we want peace. And we 11si<strong>de</strong> with whoever takes the first<br />

step towards I:>eace,"he ad<strong>de</strong>d. . .<br />

Kaya said they wanted.~e local electIOns of March 1994<br />

held un<strong>de</strong>r peaceful conditions..<br />

"We want the real candidates of our people to g<strong>et</strong> elected.<br />

To ensure voters' saf<strong>et</strong>y, we'll do whatever is required of<br />

us," he said. .<br />

"The solution is freedom, <strong>de</strong>mocracy, and the brotherhood<br />

of R;0ples," he conclu<strong>de</strong>d.<br />

Greek <strong>de</strong>putiès on the pulpit"<br />

Following Kara's speech, the presente was announced of<br />

a Greek <strong>de</strong>legatIOn comprised of ~eputies çf PASOK, the<br />

New Democracy Party, and the Political Spnng Party at the<br />

convention hall. Later on, PASOK <strong>de</strong>puty Kostas Batulas<br />

was called on to <strong>de</strong>liver a speech. .<br />

Batulas started his speech by wishing success, on behalf<br />

of the Greek Parliament, to "the heroic struggle of the Kurdish<br />

people, the DEP conventioll and the Kurdish people."<br />

Clanrung that all international institutions <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>d the<br />

right of self-<strong>de</strong>termination accor<strong>de</strong>d to nations, he said human<br />

rights must also be proteCted, adding "May God help<br />

you." Eleni Leonditis, representative of the International<br />

Struggle for the Rights and Freedoms of Peoples, said her<br />

orgamzation supported the "holy struggle of the Kurdish<br />

people for self-<strong>de</strong>termination."<br />

"Today Kurds are livin:gun<strong>de</strong>r the sword of war and violence.<br />

Kurdish villages remind one of war-torn areas. Innocen~'people<br />

are being killed, tortured. We receive such in~ormatlon<br />

every day. Therefore we're going to start a campalOn<br />

for political and financial support for the Kurdish peopfe.<br />

L<strong>et</strong> It be known that Greek public opinion is with the Kurds.<br />

My friends, we know that your struggle is for the rights of<br />

your people. Your cadres are being mur<strong>de</strong>red, we know that,<br />

too.We respect and admire the Kurdish people's struggle,<br />

and extend our support for its continuance," Leonditis ad<strong>de</strong>d<br />

Ḟollowing speeches by the Greek guests, DEP <strong>de</strong>puties<br />

and <strong>de</strong>legates took the floor.<br />

~EP <strong>de</strong>puty Zübeyir Aydar claimed that the case lodged<br />

agalllst the DEP at the Constitutional Court was an attempt<br />

to r,revent the I?EP from entering the local elections.<br />

If the DEP ISbarred from the elections they will not be<br />

true elections. And those elected cannot ru~ the country," he<br />

alleged.<br />

'.<br />

Meanwhile, ~ gr~,upstarted shouting "Kurdistan shall be a<br />

grave for FaSCism. They were later silenced by the memo<br />

bers of the party council.<br />

The crowd started shoutino "Martyrs don't die" when the<br />

presence at the convention hall of Cihan Sincar, wife of<br />

mur<strong>de</strong>red DEP <strong>de</strong>puty Mehm<strong>et</strong> Sincar was announced.<br />

Later on, a children's choir, the el<strong>de</strong>st only 9 and 10 years<br />

old, sang Kurdish songs. They wore bandannas painted in<br />

yellow, red, and green, the colors of the PKK.<br />

Police bust daily Özgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m<br />

• Police raid offices, <strong>de</strong>tain over 100 staffers<br />

• Minister Saglar con<strong>de</strong>mns 'violation of press freedom'<br />

Turkish Daily News<br />

. ANKARA- Police acting un<strong>de</strong>r or<strong>de</strong>rs from State Security<br />

Courts this weekend launched Turkey's s~rongestc.rackdown<br />

ever on a Turkish newspape~ a~d "aJ~ed offices of<br />

the pro-Kurdi~h Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>~ dally III v~o~s cities.<br />

'The operatIOnstarted on Fnday with a raid on the Istanbul<br />

headquarters of the newspaper, during which 110 people,<br />

mostly journalists and printing house workers, were<br />

o<strong>et</strong>ained. A statement from the court claimed it '.:1 ..:3 j ~j.:-.<br />

ing into claims that Özgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m executives ,weremembers<br />

of the outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and<br />

SOIlJ.ehad even gone through guerilla training. .<br />

Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m offices in tzmir, Adana, Mersin and<br />

Batman provinces were rai<strong>de</strong>d on Saturday.<br />

The newspaper's owner, Ya~ar Kaya, said on Sunday he<br />

would <strong>de</strong>mand compensation for what he called "billions<br />

of liras of losses" and pointed out that such an operation<br />

had not even been witnessed in Franco's Spain or Hitler's<br />

Germany. . . .<br />

"They are trying to silence the press in Turkey," he said.<br />

"But I will make them pay for this. I will teach them a lesson.<br />

If <strong>de</strong>mocracy is to be saved this way in Turkey, I want<br />

them to open fire on me as weiL" Kaya said he would apply<br />

to the COl!rtsfor..compensa~ion and <strong>de</strong>scribeq tj1eo~raliGnLiS"a<br />

fiasco." Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m could nOtbe printed in<br />

full o~ Saturday except f~r an eight-page paper dis!ribut~<br />

. only III the southern provlllées of Adana and MerSIn. This<br />

was before the Adana office was rai<strong>de</strong>d. The newspaper<br />

did not appear on Sunday. Asked to comment on the re~' .<br />

cent operation, Interior Minister Nahit Mente~e said the<br />

police had merely complied with an or<strong>de</strong>r from the Istanbul<br />

State Security Court (DGM) but refused to elaborate. .<br />

In a written statement, the Istanbul DGM said two handguns,<br />

gas masks, i<strong>de</strong>ntity cards of soldiers killed by the<br />

PKK, PKK vouchers worth TL 400 million, documents con-<br />

~ai.ningPKK propaganda, and medical aid supplies had been<br />

.selZed. . .<br />

Kaya èlaimed a day later that the search had achieved<br />

nothing. The DGM statement also claimed that PKK mem~<br />

bers captured by security forces had testified that the newspaper's<br />

employees maintained an organic connection with<br />

the PKK.<br />

Police on Sunday exhibited two unlicenced guns, six bull<strong>et</strong>s<br />

and 400 million lira worth of bills bearing the stamp of'<br />

~hePKK'.spopular front, ERNK..They also showed journal-<br />

IStSa van<strong>et</strong>y of backpacks, sleepmg bags and documentation<br />

w~ch they said proved the paper had links with the organizatIOn.<br />

Reaction:<br />

¥eanwhile, there ~as been stro~g reaction ag~nst the operation.<br />

The InternatIOnal Fe<strong>de</strong>ration of Journalists (IFJ) ISsued<br />

a strongly-wor<strong>de</strong>d con<strong>de</strong>mnation on Saturday.<br />

. . "The Turkish government appears to have no respect for<br />

its own laws," said IFJ General Secr<strong>et</strong>ary Aidan White.<br />

"Justification for.the ban of Özgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m has not been<br />

ma<strong>de</strong> public and no authorities in the government respon<strong>de</strong>d<br />

to requests by journalists for information about the ban on<br />

thepaper," White ad<strong>de</strong>d."<br />

Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m had been regularly harassed by the Turkish<br />

authorities, the IFJ sâid, adding that 10 journalists work~<br />

ing for the paper had been killed and many more <strong>de</strong>tained.<br />

The IFJ said it saw the banning of the Turkish newspaper as<br />

P.artof a ge~era~ increase i~ attacks. on freedom of expressIOnby<br />

all Si<strong>de</strong>sIII the Kurdish confliCt.<br />

"VIOlationshave inclu<strong>de</strong>d the killing of journalists, new~paper<br />

v~ndors and media workers and the expulsion of media<br />

from the southeast of the country," the IFJ said. .<br />

CultureMini~ter fikri Saglar said, on the other hand, that.


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVlEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA<br />

STAMPA-DENTRO DE lA PRENSA-BASlN ÖZETi<br />

he was against all action aiming tt;?suppress the treedom of<br />

the press. "What has happened to Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m could happen<br />

to any other paper,' he ad<strong>de</strong>d.<br />

People's Republican Party (CH.P) lead~~ Deniz B.aykal,<br />

Democratic Left Party (DSP) Chalfman Bulent Ecevlt, Socialist<br />

Union Party (SBP) lea<strong>de</strong>r S.adunAren and DEP <strong>de</strong>puties<br />

have also <strong>de</strong>nounced the banmng of Ozgur Gun<strong>de</strong>m.<br />

Meanwhile, Mustafa ~~ekçi, presi<strong>de</strong>nt of t~e Contemporary<br />

Journalists' A~soclatiOn.(~GD), and Ne~rru Tanyola),<br />

presi<strong>de</strong>nt of the Turkish AssociatiOn of Journalists, both said<br />

the move was unaccep~able. Turkey's Press Counci.1Ch~irman<br />

Oktay Ek~i sent a message to the DGM expressmg similar<br />

views.<br />

"We <strong>de</strong>mand the immediate release of the <strong>de</strong>tainees," Ekmekci<br />

said.<br />

. "We call upon all constitutional institutions to respect the<br />

freedom of the press," Tanyolac said.<br />

Turkey's Human Rights Association (!HO), the CGD Istanbul<br />

office, Cukurova Journalists' Association and a large<br />

number of leftist or pro-Kurdish magazines have all <strong>de</strong>nounced<br />

the action. The newspaper, seen as a mouthpiece<br />

for the PKK, has been banned several times.<br />

Last month, the Istanbul DGM twice or<strong>de</strong>red closure of<br />

Özgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m for 15 d~ys for publishing an interview with<br />

PKK lea<strong>de</strong>r Abdullah Ocalan and other items consi<strong>de</strong>red<br />

sympath<strong>et</strong>ic to the Kurdish insurgency. Özgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m continued<br />

publishing pending Ii <strong>de</strong>cision by the appeals court.<br />

\. L P - \~l'l1ll' 1I.111ll' PI'l"'l'- \.1. P - \~l'l1ll'II',l1ll'l'Pll'''l'- \. L P - \~l'l1ll'l LIIll'l' PI'l'W'- \.1: I~ - \~l'Ill'l' 11.111l'l' Pn'w' -,\. E P.<br />

FRA0566 4 l 0184 FRA /AFP-D036<br />

F~'ance- It'ah<br />

El


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA<br />

~~llItltnltiO".1<br />

SECTION FRANÇAISE<br />

SERVICE DES. ACTIONS URGENTES<br />

66, RUE P"'RG"'MINI~ÙS<br />

3 1 0'0 0 Tou l 0 USE<br />

TtLtPHONE : 61 23 53 73<br />

TeLtcoPiE : 61 23 53 90<br />

./~.<br />

STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

EXTERNE<br />

EU R 44/120/93<br />

AVERTISSEMENT: "Amnesty International défend <strong>de</strong>s individus, sans prendre position sur leurs idées ni sur les organisations<br />

auxquelles ilspouf(aient adhérer"<br />

EXTRA 105/93<br />

TURQUIE:<br />

Personnel du Journal Özgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m<br />

p' 'U' ... ~,~ '.. '.<br />

UR, l-,i i- O'~r,'1 •...<br />

CRAINTE DE i'ORrÛRE'<br />

à Istanbul :. GOrb<strong>et</strong>eIlI Ersöz,' rédactrice-en-chef; Fahrl Ferda C<strong>et</strong>ln, rédacteur; GOlten<br />

Klsanak,'Té~actrice <strong>de</strong> l'information; -journalistes : MOslOm VOeel, Mahmut Dogan, Fehrat Tuga<br />

Vurdusev Ozsökmenler <strong>et</strong> Nursei. Polat (f); Dogan Güzel,<strong>de</strong>ssinateur; <strong>de</strong>ux administrateurs: Ali<br />

Rlza Halls <strong>et</strong> Mehm<strong>et</strong> Balamlr; DOzgün Deniz, directeur <strong>de</strong>s archivesFaysal Dagll, directeur du<br />

bureau <strong>de</strong>s recherches; Mueahlr Kuas, comptable; Hüseyln Solgun; Mehtap GOrbüz, sous-rédacteur<br />

Ali Seyhan, cuisinier; Sems<strong>et</strong>tlnEcevlt,' .-chauffeur<br />

à Diyarbakir : Hasan Özgün, repré$entant pour Diyarbakir; journalistes : Slraç Koç, Neemlye<br />

Asian (f), Mehm<strong>et</strong> Sah Vlldlz, Nuray Tekdag (f) <strong>et</strong> Bltan Onen;<br />

à Izmir.:. Sezal Karakoç, représentant pour Izmir; Rlza Zingal, rédacteur <strong>de</strong> l'information; quatre<br />

journalistes : Serdar Cayçloglu, Namlk Alkan, Emin Ünay <strong>et</strong> Ciller Vesil; Leyla Akgül<br />

secrétaire; <strong>et</strong> 29 autres personnes;<br />

à Adana: Hael C<strong>et</strong>lnkaya, représentant pour Adana; quatre journalistes :Sükrü Kaplan, Ihsan<br />

Kurt, Asian Saraç <strong>et</strong> Beyhan GOnyell;<br />

à Elazlg : Cenglz Tas, représentant pour Elazig; journalistes : Menaf Avel <strong>et</strong> Valçln Sevi ne <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux<br />

autres personnes;<br />

à Batman : Sallh Dlnç<br />

à Mardin : Rezzan Günes(f)<br />

à Van:<br />

au moins cinq personnes<br />

à Antep : <strong>de</strong>ux<br />

personnes<br />

. "' .<br />

.~-----------------------------------------------------.-------~------------~-<br />

Londres, le 13 décembre 1993<br />

Amnesty International craint que les personnes mentionnées ne soient interrogées sous la torture. Elles ont<br />

été arrêtées lors d'opérations <strong>de</strong> police à l'échelon .national contre le journal pro-kur<strong>de</strong> Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m.<br />

Plus <strong>de</strong> 150 personnes travaillant pour le journal ont été arrêtées lors <strong>de</strong> ces opérations qui ont débuté à<br />

Diyarbakir le 9 décembre <strong>et</strong> ont culminé au cours par une <strong>de</strong>scente au bureau principal du journal à<br />

Istanbul, le 10 décembre, journée <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme, au cours <strong>de</strong> laquella environ 110 personnes ont été<br />

arrêtées <strong>et</strong> du matériel, comprenant <strong>de</strong>s archives <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s disqu<strong>et</strong>tes informatiques., confisqué. Dans la matinée<br />

<strong>de</strong> ce même jour, le journal avait publié sur sa première page <strong>de</strong>s extraits <strong>de</strong> la Déclaration Universelle <strong>de</strong>s<br />

droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme <strong>de</strong>s Nations-Unies. Quelque 200 policiers auraient investi le bureau principal, fouillé 24<br />

heures durant les locaux <strong>et</strong> contrôlé le système informatique, arrêtant tous ceux qui se trouvaient présents <strong>et</strong><br />

les emmenant au commissariat d'Istanbul. Dans la soirée du 11 décembre, tous sauf 18 ont été libérés.<br />

Selon une déclaration émanant <strong>de</strong>s services du procureur <strong>de</strong> la Cour <strong>de</strong> sOr<strong>et</strong>é <strong>de</strong> l'Etat, <strong>de</strong>s revolvers, <strong>de</strong>s<br />

balles, <strong>de</strong>s masques à gaz <strong>et</strong> quelques documents relatifs au"Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs kur<strong>de</strong>s (PKK), en conflit<br />

armé avec le gouvernement, ont été r<strong>et</strong>rouvés lors '<strong>de</strong> l'opération. Un <strong>de</strong>s avocats du journal a plus tard<br />

72


REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RlVISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />

confirmé que <strong>de</strong>ux revolvers, 25 masques à gaz <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux sacs <strong>de</strong> couchage avaient été découverts dans le<br />

bâtiment. Il a déclaré qu'Ali Riza Halis avait reconnu être le possesseur <strong>de</strong>s revolvers <strong>et</strong> que les masques à gaz<br />

<strong>de</strong>vaient être envoyés dans les locaux du journal à Diyarbakir, car celui se trouvant au sous-sol, on craignait<br />

l'éventualité d'un sabotage.<br />

Le samedi 11 décembre, les locaux du journal à Izmir, Adana, Elazig, Batman, Mardin, Antep <strong>et</strong> Van ont été<br />

fouillés <strong>et</strong> leurs correspondants <strong>et</strong> le personnel arrêtés. Personne ne se trouvait dans les locaux <strong>de</strong> Mardin<br />

lorsque la police s'y est rendue, mais un membre du personnel, Rezzan Günes a été arrêtée lorsque la police a<br />

investi son domicile. On ignore si certains <strong>de</strong> ces détenus ont été libérés. Ceux qui sont détenus à Diyarbakir,<br />

Batman, Mardin <strong>et</strong> Van peuvent l'être jusqu'à 30 jours, selon la législation d'état d'urgence en vigueur dans<br />

ces provinces.<br />

INFORMATIONS GENERALES<br />

Özgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m est le seul quotidien kur<strong>de</strong> en Turquie. Il est né en mai 1992 <strong>et</strong> c'est le seul journal qui a<br />

.constamment fait état <strong>de</strong>s violations <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme dans les provinces placées sous l'état d'urgence. La<br />

Cour <strong>de</strong> sûr<strong>et</strong>é <strong>de</strong> l'Etat d'Istanbul a cherché à clore définitivement le journal en l'accusant <strong>de</strong> propagan<strong>de</strong><br />

séparatiste <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> soutien envers le Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs kur<strong>de</strong>s (PKK) hors-la-loi. Depuis les 18 mois <strong>de</strong><br />

son existence, neuf <strong>de</strong> ses journalistes <strong>et</strong> onze personnes distribuant <strong>et</strong> vendant le journal ont été assassinées<br />

dans <strong>de</strong>s circonstances qui <strong>de</strong>meurent non éclaircies. Nombre <strong>de</strong> ses correspondants <strong>et</strong> rédacteurs ont été<br />

arrêtés <strong>et</strong> torturés.<br />

ACTION RECOMMANDEE : télégramme/télex/télécople/aérogramme/l<strong>et</strong>tre par avion :<br />

- exprimez votre inquiétu<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>vant l'opération policière, menée dans toute la Turquie, contre le journal<br />

Özgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m;<br />

- <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>z <strong>de</strong>s garanties pour que les correspondants <strong>et</strong> le personnel qui sont toujours en détention ne soient<br />

pas torturés ou maltraités;<br />

- <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>z à être informé <strong>de</strong>s charges r<strong>et</strong>enues contre ces personnes <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s preuves qui les ont motivées.<br />

APPELS A:<br />

11 ( Premier Ministre)<br />

Prime Minister Mrs Tansu Ciller<br />

Office of the Prime Minister<br />

Basbakanlik<br />

06573 Ankara, TURQUIE<br />

Télégrammes : Prime Minister, Ankara<br />

TURQUIE<br />

Télex: 44061/44062/44063 bbmt tr<br />

42099 basb tr<br />

42875 bbk tr<br />

Fax (90) 44 17 04 76<br />

(90) 42 30 88 96<br />

COPIES A:<br />

2/ (Ministre <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur)<br />

Mr Nahit Mentese<br />

lçisleri Bakanligi<br />

Ankara, TURQUIE<br />

Télégrammes : Interior Minister,<br />

Ankara, TURQUIE<br />

Fax: 90 312 428 4346<br />

31 (Ministre <strong>de</strong> la Justice)<br />

Mr. Seyfi Oktay<br />

Ministry of Justice<br />

Adal<strong>et</strong> Bakanligi<br />

06659 Ankara, TURQUIE<br />

Télégrammes : Adal<strong>et</strong> Bakanligi,<br />

Ankara, TURQUIE<br />

Fax: (90) 312 425 40 66<br />

Ambassa<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Turquie dans votre pays:<br />

Pour la France,<br />

16 avenue <strong>de</strong> Lamballe 75016 PARIS<br />

SVP, PRléRE D'INTERVENIR IMMEDIATEMENT. SI VOUS RECEVIEZ CET APPEL AVEC RETARD,<br />

NE PLUS INTERVENIR APRES LE 8 JANVIER 1994 • MERCI.<br />

73


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REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ~RNISTA<br />

Libération<br />

<strong>de</strong> Nourétine Erol:<br />

le CAF AR poursuit<br />

la lutte<br />

Le CAFAR, après la libération<br />

<strong>de</strong>s KUT.<strong>de</strong>semprisonnés<br />

suite à la r~cente rafle communique:<br />

«Nourétine Erol a<br />

été, libéré, c'est un premier<br />

'succès, conséquence <strong>de</strong> la<br />

mobilisation <strong>de</strong> ces <strong>de</strong>rnières<br />

Z ,semaines. Mais c<strong>et</strong>te liberté<br />

< est provisoire <strong>et</strong> d'autres Kur-<br />

U <strong>de</strong>s sont encore emprisonnés<br />

- pour délit d'opinion.<br />

.J La politique <strong>de</strong> Pasqua vise<br />

III à insécuriser la population<br />

:J étrangère, à rassurer l'extrê,<br />

a. me-droite, c'est une atteinte<br />

'i.LI aux libertés démocratiques.<br />

0:: Le CAFAR continuera réso-<br />

I- Iument à lutter contre c<strong>et</strong>te<br />

l/) politique discrimiiJatoire <strong>et</strong><br />

W<br />

exige la libération <strong>de</strong> tous les<br />

prisonniers"d'opinion >I.<br />

STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />

.Campa2De en<br />

'faveur du peuple kur<strong>de</strong><br />

LES Kur<strong>de</strong>s existent,<br />

~( parlons-en! » C'est<br />

" le titre <strong>de</strong> la campagne<br />

<strong>d'information</strong> lancée la semaine<br />

<strong>de</strong>rnière au siège <strong>de</strong> la,<br />

CIMADE à <strong>Paris</strong> par neuf organisations<br />

non gouvernementales<br />

(I). Une campagne prévue<br />

<strong>de</strong>puis plus <strong>de</strong> six mois, comme<br />

<strong>de</strong>vait le préciser GenevièveJacques,<br />

secrétaire générale <strong>de</strong> la<br />

CIMADE, <strong>et</strong> dont la date <strong>de</strong><br />

lancement tombe par hasard en<br />

pleine actualité, après la rafle,<br />

anti-kur<strong>de</strong> du 18 novembre en<br />

France, l'interdiction <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux<br />

associations <strong>et</strong> la grève <strong>de</strong> la<br />

faim menée par plusieurs dizaines<br />

<strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s dans plusieurs<br />

r------:---~--'---:__:_;:_-;:;;::;:;;::-;~;;-;:-~~<br />

villes <strong>de</strong> France, pour la libéralA<br />

lETTRE D'EXPANSION - 13 DÉCEMBRE 1993 tion <strong>de</strong> leurs 20 camara<strong>de</strong>s emprisonnés.<br />

LES SERVICES SECRETS occI<strong>de</strong>ntaux<br />

redoutent une prise en composantes <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> sensibiliser<br />

Il s'agit <strong>de</strong> faire connaître le<br />

peuple kur<strong>de</strong> dans toutes ses<br />

.main par les militaires <strong>de</strong> la situation<br />

politique en Turquie, OÙ'<br />

l'opinion publique à une situa~<br />

tion qui, note Geneviève Jacques,<br />

« s'est aggravée ces <strong>de</strong>rniers<br />

mois dans les quatre pays,<br />

le pouvoir politique a déclaré une<br />

guerre sans quartier aux Kur<strong>de</strong>S, Syrie, Irak, Iran <strong>et</strong> Turquie, où<br />

pour détourner l'attention <strong>de</strong>s ce peuple est dispersé».<br />

Daniel Jacoby, prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong><br />

problèmes quotidiens.<br />

la Fédération internationale <strong>de</strong>s<br />

ligues <strong>de</strong> droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme, dé-<br />

t'aille la situatrlm c œs Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

dans chacun <strong>de</strong> ces pays - négation<br />

<strong>de</strong> l'i<strong>de</strong>ntité kur<strong>de</strong> en<br />

Syrie, tentative <strong>de</strong> génoci<strong>de</strong> en<br />

Irak <strong>et</strong> en Iran (dont l'aviation<br />

bombar<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>puis <strong>de</strong>s mois le<br />

Kurdistan d'Irak). Il rappelle<br />

que les servicesspéciaux iraniens<br />

assassinent en toute impunité,<br />

<strong>de</strong>puis <strong>de</strong>s années, les dirigeants<br />

du PDKI en Europè. « Mais,<br />

ajoute-t-il, la situation la plus<br />

préoccupante est aujourd'hui<br />

celle du Kurdistan <strong>de</strong> Turquie<br />

où, sous prétexte <strong>de</strong> lutte contre<br />

le PKK, le gouvernement utilise<br />

les grands moyenscontre le peuple<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>. Or, la Turquie bénéficie<br />

<strong>de</strong> complaisances oçci<strong>de</strong>ntales<br />

inacceptables pour <strong>de</strong>s<br />

raisons économiques. » Il cite<br />

un appel <strong>de</strong> l'association Avocats<br />

sans frontières après l'arrestation,<br />

le 13 novembre, <strong>de</strong><br />

16 avocats <strong>de</strong>s barreaux <strong>de</strong><br />

Dyarbakir <strong>et</strong> d'Istanbul défendant<br />

<strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s, Depuis, ils<br />

sont au secr<strong>et</strong> malgré les interventions<br />

du prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong>s barreaux<br />

<strong>de</strong> Turquie.<br />

Jacques Picard, <strong>de</strong> Maison du<br />

mon<strong>de</strong>, donne <strong>de</strong>s détails sur la<br />

campagne : « Nos principaux<br />

objectifs sont la création d'un<br />

L'HUMANITÉ<br />

13 DÉCEMBRE 1993<br />

groupe d'étu<strong>de</strong>s concernant la<br />

question kur<strong>de</strong> à l'Assemblée<br />

nationale <strong>et</strong> l'envoi d'un observateur<br />

<strong>de</strong>s Nations unies au<br />

Kurdistan <strong>de</strong> Turquie. Nous<br />

voulons aussi qu'une clause soit<br />

ajoutée à la vente d'hélicoptères<br />

Cougar (2) par <strong>Paris</strong>, pour interdire<br />

leur utilisation contre la<br />

population civile. » Lui aussi<br />

s'indigne <strong>de</strong> la « complaisance »<br />

dont bénéficie le régime d'An-<br />

'kara auprès <strong>de</strong>s capitales occi<strong>de</strong>ntales,<br />

qu'il explique par les<br />

contrats <strong>de</strong> vente d'armes passés<br />

avec la France <strong>et</strong> l'Allemagne. Il<br />

cite à ce propos l'interview <strong>de</strong><br />

Jean-François Bigu<strong>et</strong> publiée<br />

par le journal turc « Milliy<strong>et</strong> ».<br />

Le PDG d'Eurocopter s'y « felicite<br />

<strong>de</strong> l'interdiction du PKK<br />

en France », ajoutant que « les<br />

firmes françaises"espèrent, aprés<br />

cela, bénéficier en Turquie d'un<br />

climat encore plus favorable ».<br />

F. GERMAIN-ROBIN<br />

(I) C(MADE, FIDH, France-<br />

Libertés, Agir ici, Peuples solidaires,<br />

Terres <strong>de</strong>s hommes. Agir ensemble,<br />

Comité national <strong>de</strong> solidarité<br />

aux Kur<strong>de</strong>s.<br />

(2) Version antiguérilla du Super-<br />

Puma. .<br />

A.EP. -A enceFrancePresse-A.EI>. -Agence FrancePresse-A.El~ -Agence FrancePresse-A.EP. -Agence FrancePresse- ...<br />

FRA0236 4 I 0238 TUR /AFP-GP23<br />

T'_tt'q u ie-Kl..lt'<strong>de</strong> s<br />

50 rebelles kur<strong>de</strong>s tués dans le nord irakien, selon Mme Ciller<br />

ANKARA, 14 déc (AFP) - Cinquante rebelles ~ur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

d'une opét'ation <strong>de</strong> l'aviation tUt~que, ll..lTldi.dansle<br />

<strong>de</strong> munitions <strong>de</strong>s ~ebelles a été détruit, a anndncé,<br />

ministre turc, Mme Tansu Ciller •.<br />

Des avions <strong>de</strong> co~bat turcs ont effectué 16 sorties contre 4<br />

maquisards kur<strong>de</strong>s du Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du Kurdistan (PKK,<br />

territoire irakien, au sud <strong>de</strong>s localités turques <strong>de</strong> Cukurca <strong>et</strong><br />

près <strong>de</strong> la frontière avec l'Irak, a.indiqué Mme Ciller.<br />

ont ~té. tués ~u cours<br />

nord irakien, <strong>et</strong> un dépôt<br />

mat~di à An kat~a, 1e pt~em i<strong>et</strong>~<br />

objectifs <strong>de</strong>s<br />

sépat'at iste)en .<br />

Uzumlu, tout<br />

Ce bilan porte. 105 le nombre <strong>de</strong> morts <strong>de</strong>puis samedi, en Turquie <strong>et</strong> dans<br />

le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak, faits par les attaques rebelles <strong>et</strong> les opérations <strong>de</strong><br />

l'armée turque, selon une compilation <strong>de</strong> l'AFP effectuée. partir <strong>de</strong> chiffres<br />

fournis par les autorités.<br />

La lutte contre les rebelles du PKK <strong>et</strong> les opérations transfrontalières se<br />

poursuivront, a précisé Mme Ciller, <strong>de</strong>vant le groupe parlementaire <strong>de</strong> son<br />

P~rti <strong>de</strong> la Juste Voie (PJV, droite traditionnelle).<br />

Mme Cill<strong>et</strong>~ a expt~imé son "espoit~" <strong>et</strong> sa "conviction" que "la SYt~ie <strong>et</strong><br />

l'Iran "prendront également une série <strong>de</strong> mesures contre le PKK comme l'ont<br />

fait nos amis" en Europe, allusion. l'interdiction du PKK <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> ses<br />

ot~gan isat ion s sat e Il it es en. A Il em a gnee t à 1a dis sol ut ion <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>l..! x<br />

organisations kur<strong>de</strong>s en France en novembre~<br />

CE/jcc<br />

AFP 141250 DEC 93<br />

74


RDE~EDE~~E- P RESSREVIEW-BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

• ~ TDN Parliament Bureau shrink. He stated that although Diele had been elected<br />

........ ANKARA- The Democracy Party (DEP), which ad- as DEP chairman, he did not expect that there would<br />

....:::: :; vocates. pro-Kurdish policie,s, h~s e,ntered.a new era be a significant change in the party's line, H,e noted<br />

'r-- ~ with ~iyarbaIor.oeputy Hallp DIele ~ electIOn as ~ar- that the DEP Party A~~emhly would al~o he Influen-<br />

~ ..J.<br />

=<br />

~ ty chaIrman dunng the first extraordInary conventIOn tial in <strong>de</strong>ciding on policies.<br />

,..... .. on Sundax. . " . KIhnç said that he advocated a line ba~ed on the soto<br />

pol!tIcal c!r~les, t~e D~P ~III be lution of the Kurdish matter through eqUIty of the two<br />

onented<br />

~ ·=<br />

~<br />

="ccording<br />

to more radIcal poliCIes dunng plele s le~d- peoples within a unified Turkey and that he was for<br />

~ ership and some party mem~rs may resIgn, Thrahlm the continuation of that poliey by the D~P, For that<br />

CJ Aksoy, who was the lea<strong>de</strong>~hlp candIdate of the group reason, KIhnç said he did not plan to reslgn from the<br />

f"'llI." ~ call~ the Freedom Path, his colleagues, !illd also the party and that he and his colleagues,would try ,to con-<br />

~ ~ <strong>de</strong>putIe~ Mahmut AlInak, Muzaffer ~eßl1r and Meh- vince AlInak, Demir and Sever also not to resign. ~e<br />

~ -..4 == m<strong>et</strong> Eßl1n Sever reportedly plan to re~lgn from pEP. pointed out that Aksoy's candidacy had prevented hIs<br />

'-'" piele was finally e~ect~ party chaIrm~ dunng the own victory in th election. ,<br />

... ~ ~ thIrd round of the votIng, In which he obtaIned 212 of Initiatives for Aksoy's withdrawal, In favor of<br />

~ the votes cast. The earty is now subject of a closure KIIInç had not been successful. Some party members<br />

~ ~ case at the ConstitutIonal Cou!1. The DEP has a total argued that the Freedom Path group whic~ supported<br />

,..., -- QJ of 497 <strong>de</strong>legates from 18 provInces. In. the frrst ro~nd Aksoy insisted on Aksoy's candidacy In or<strong>de</strong>r .to<br />

~ = of the voting! 373 <strong>de</strong>legates c~st.the.lr votes. Dlcle create an excuse for resigning from the party. Wh!]e<br />

• ........ tI4 failed to obtaIn an absolut~ maJonty. I~ the first two DEP Mu~ Deputy Mehm<strong>et</strong> Emin Sever d,Id n?t partlc-<br />

~<br />

~ rounds. The total votes receIved by his nvals, namely, ipate in the convention, Ahnak and Denure dId attend<br />

Adiyaman Deputy M~mut KIhnç ~nd former DEP for a short eeriod. "<br />

.-. secr<strong>et</strong>ary g~neral I1?rahlm Aks~y dId not match. the Sever saId .h~ did not haye:.co01~ectIOn,s wl,th the<br />

!t. = count for Dlcle. While KIlInç WIthdrew from can,dIda- party Îör a while and that he waS angry WIth hIS'CoI~<br />

,..... ~ èy in the second round of the voting, Aksoy contInued leagues but that he had not ~<strong>et</strong> reached a <strong>de</strong>cision<br />

~ ~ to run .in the third round. " about r~si~ning, He said his ecision was notlin~ed<br />

".,.::= Dunng the emergency convenlI~n, DIcle represent- with wh<strong>et</strong>her someone else was pro-PKK. AsseSSIng<br />

~ QJ ed the r~dical group. KIhnç receIved the supp0!1 of the convention, Sever said it ",,:,asnorma] that. th.e<br />

'-- CI:} the KurdIsh groups other than the outlawed KurdIstan Turkish flag fly in the conventIOn hall. He said It<br />

~ - Workers' Party (PKK) and Aksoy was backed by the should have been there from the out sel. He said that<br />

~ QJ Freedom Path group. the PKK was an organization which emerged from<br />

~ Contrary to the previous. (now <strong>de</strong>funct) ~eople's La- within Kurdish socI<strong>et</strong>y but that it applied terrorist<br />

~ ~ bor Party (HEP) conventIOns, the partIcIpants were m<strong>et</strong>hods, rai<strong>de</strong>d viIlages and kiIled children and that<br />

~ not allowed to chant pro-PKK slo~ans. It was the first he was against all such actions, He said he and his<br />

~ time that the Turkish flag was raIsed in the con ven- colleagues were also opposed to the un<strong>de</strong>mocratic<br />

~ ~ tion hall. The board which chaired the convention re- m<strong>et</strong>hods of the state and that they saw such practises<br />

~ q~ested earty members notto chant the sl.oga~, "K~r- in the region all the time. ,<br />

:::::..... ~ dIstan WIll serve as the cem<strong>et</strong>ery of faSCism, which If the Constitutional Court or<strong>de</strong>red DEP s closure,<br />

~ was from time to time chanted both in Turkish and 17 <strong>de</strong>puties will automaticaIly lose the,ir parliamen-<br />

~ ~ Kurdish. It warned the members that such slogans tary immunuities. In that case, the <strong>de</strong>pul1es who serve<br />

~ ~ damaged the party and urged them not to chant slo- at the party administration would be banned from pol-<br />

'-- :... gans other than those <strong>de</strong>termined by the party admin- itics for a period of 10 years.<br />

o Istration. Nine <strong>de</strong>puties, namely Ahm<strong>et</strong> Türk, Leyla Zana,<br />

~ ~ But, in contrast with the mo<strong>de</strong>rate atmosphere<br />

!t. - ~ reigning at the convention, Dicle used expressions in<br />

~ his speech that praised the PKK. He claimed that the<br />

~ PKK was not a terrorist organization but a political<br />

~ ~ P~~ce <strong>de</strong>mocratic channels are closed in Turkey,<br />

6 PKK is a party which has chosen violence instead of<br />

.. political struggle. It also has a military. organization,"<br />

~ Dicle said.<br />

F<br />

Dicle continued that for the solution of the malter, a<br />

should be <strong>de</strong>clared b<strong>et</strong>ween the state and<br />

~ the PKK forces.<br />

~ Pointing out that the PKK's military force could<br />

~ ~ = 0 serve as a local <strong>de</strong>fense unit until a true peace was re-<br />

5tôred, Dicle said that the people shQltld !?ci~s~e~<br />

o wh<strong>et</strong>her they wantedto 'be sepàrate from turIéey or<br />

~ not, in a referendum. He said he and his colleagues<br />

o would favor the i<strong>de</strong>a of living in unit . But he also<br />

G~~th saidptKhaKt no donhi~shoUlddconSI<strong>de</strong>r at sdou~itohnwith h out<br />

""C e , an s wor s were gree e WI applause l<br />

,.... QJ from the ~ople present in the convention hall. While<br />

~ ~ former D P cha!rman Yasar KayahwapsKtryingto drthaw<br />

~cease-fire<br />

~<br />

- a line b<strong>et</strong>ween his coIleagues and t e :K, due to e<br />

~"~ QJ lawsuit filed at the Constitutional Court -- where the<br />

~ DEP's closure is <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>d -- and while in general a<br />

~ mo<strong>de</strong>rate atmosphere dominated the proceedings, Di-<br />

E<br />

QJ cle's speech gave a compl<strong>et</strong>ely different picture. His<br />

CI:} speech was Interpr<strong>et</strong>ed to mean that he wanted the<br />

• ~ DEP closed down.<br />

~ ~ Criticizing Dicle's words, Mahmut KIlInç told TDN<br />

~ ~ that if such radical moves continued, the party would<br />

~-~<br />

j<br />

Hà~p,Oicle<br />

75


REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RNISTA<br />

STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />

Orhan Dogan, Ali Yieit, SlITiSalak, Sedat Yurtta~,<br />

Selim Saddak, Remzi Karta! and Zübeyir Aydar, took<br />

their places among the members of the Party Assembly<br />

who were elected in the convention. Some <strong>de</strong>puties<br />

argue that they should resign before the ConstItutional<br />

Court makes its ruling, and should found a new<br />

party. Ho~ev~r Diele opposes t.his. KIlmç also believes<br />

that It Will be wrong to resign from the party at<br />

this stage. , ,<br />

However some <strong>de</strong>puties have reportedly presented<br />

their resignations to the party before the filmg of the<br />

case at the Constitutional Court, and have postponed<br />

the announcement until after the convention. If these<br />

<strong>de</strong>puties can prove that they presented their p<strong>et</strong>itions<br />

before the case was filed, they will notlose their immunity.<br />

" ,<br />

The Chairman of the Social Democrat People's Party<br />

(SHP) and Deputy Prime Minister Murat<br />

Karayalçm said on Monday that he ~as sadd~ned by<br />

statêments on Sunday by Greek Parhamentanans attending<br />

the DEP convention. " ,<br />

Referring to a speech <strong>de</strong>livered at the congress by a<br />

Greek <strong>de</strong>puty from the ruling ~an~ellenic Paf!Y (PA-<br />

SOK), Karayalçm said ~hat thl~ Violated not Ju~t the<br />

requirements of good nelgh~orhness but al~o of mternational<br />

mo<strong>de</strong>s of behaVIOur. Respondmg to the<br />

speech of DEP <strong>de</strong>puty Hatip Dicle during the congress<br />

KarayaIcin said that he found this to be wrong<br />

and unfair.<br />

Dicle had referred to the PKK as a politicalparty<br />

even if it was outlawed. Karayalçin who was addressing<br />

members of his party's central executive board<br />

said that the PKK was not a political party but a<br />

, bloodthirsty terrorist organization.<br />

Salak cIai~ed that the. sta~e applied harsh m<strong>et</strong>hods<br />

in the region and that ~IS Village was burnt by state<br />

forces. He said he and hiS ~olleagues did not have ties<br />

with the PKK. The co~tt~e report will first be discussed<br />

at the joint commls~lon and then its <strong>de</strong>cision<br />

will be voted on by the parhamentary general assembly.<br />

Il<br />

OZgür Goo<strong>de</strong>m out today<br />

Diyarbalar office rai<strong>de</strong>d on Monday<br />

AIl executives of daily are un<strong>de</strong>r custody<br />

Turkish Daily News .. lice said.<br />

ANKARA- The pro-Kurdish daily, Ozgür Prominent Turkish writers such as Ya~ar<br />

Gün<strong>de</strong>m, is in print today <strong>de</strong>spite the opera:- Kemal, author of the internationally famous<br />

tions that continue to targ<strong>et</strong> tlie newspaper's book "Mehm<strong>et</strong> My Hawk," are supporting<br />

offices. , the paper during the crisis. Employees have<br />

Anexecutive of the paper said that 88 out se~ up. a temporarx committee t~ supervise<br />

of the 107 people who were <strong>de</strong>tained on Fri- edltonal work until all of the editors are s<strong>et</strong><br />

' day during a pglice raid on the Istanbul, free.<br />

headquarters of Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m had been re- Following Friday's operation in Istanbul,<br />

leased. , the State Security Court issued a statement<br />

' Nin<strong>et</strong>een Özgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m employees, in- in which it said that handguns, gas masks,<br />

cluding the newspaper's general coordinator i<strong>de</strong>ntity cards of soldiers Ialled ~Y.the PKK,<br />

Gurb<strong>et</strong>elli Ersöz, her assistant Ferda Ç<strong>et</strong>in, , PKK vouchersworth TL 400 lllillion, docupublications<br />

coordinator Mehm<strong>et</strong> Oguz, edi- ments containing PKK propaganda and<br />

tor Hüseyin Solgun and news editor Gü!tan medical supplies, had been seized.<br />

KI~nak are stiIJ in custody. Sources said The DGM statement also claimed that<br />

their <strong>de</strong>tention was expected to last for ten captured PKK members had testified that<br />

Diele, Sakik testüy at subcommittee days. .. the newspaper's executive maintained an or-<br />

On Monday, the parli.ament~ry subcommiu.ee, A total of 21 more Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m staff in ganic connection with the PKK.<br />

which was s<strong>et</strong> up by the Jomt Parhamentary Constltu- other parts of the country are also being in- The Istanbul operation, during which all<br />

tional and Justice Commission to look into. the files terrogated. copies of the paper were also seized, was<br />

' asking removal of some <strong>de</strong>puties' immunities, heard On Monday police rai<strong>de</strong>d the DiyarbakIr followed by raids on newspaper offices in<br />

th~ testimonies of newly elected DEP Chairman Hatip office of the newspaper and seized various several other cities.<br />

Dlcle and DEP .~u~ D~puty Sim Salak, who are ac- organizational communiques and docu- Özgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m was not published for the<br />

cused of COI1Ulllttmgcnmes against the indivisibility ments, including donation forms used by past three days asi<strong>de</strong> from a dummy copy of<br />

of the state. . branch organizalIons of the outlawed Kurdl- eight pages on Saturday, distributed only in<br />

During his t~stimony at t.he committee, Diele re- stail Worlœrs' Party (PKK). " the southern provinces of Adana and Merpeated<br />

everything he had s~ld about the PKK during I?uri~g Friday's raid on the Istanbul center sin.<br />

' the DEP conventlO~. He s~d al.l the <strong>et</strong>hnic groups in of Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m, police said they had con- The newspaper did not appear on Sunday<br />

Turkey should be given therr lllin~rity rights and that fiscated two unlicensed gims and a number but was viSited by many press activists and<br />

they should be allowed to <strong>de</strong>terrrnne theIr own <strong>de</strong>sti- of documents and gas masks. Computer <strong>de</strong>puties ,who were concerned that the<br />

ny. discs were also seized in DiyarbakIr, the po- amount of pressure could increase.<br />

Today Özgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m, tomorrow others<br />

Iln'ur Çevik<br />

EDITORIAL<br />

s there anybody in.TLf.rkeywho does<br />

not know that doily Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m<br />

I<br />

supports extremist Kurds and has been<br />

promoting separatism, radicalism and<br />

even violence?" ,<br />

It is rather unfortunate that Özgür<br />

Gün<strong>de</strong>m has been entertaining very ,<br />

radical views practically parallel t9those<br />

76<br />

of the clan<strong>de</strong>stine Kurdistan Workers' Party<br />

,(PKK).<br />

The paper is generally regar<strong>de</strong>d os the<br />

mouthpiece of the PKKand thus its reports<br />

and views ore seen, os the voice of 0<br />

terrorist organization and itsjournalistic<br />

qualities ore always questioned. In other<br />

words, nobody reads it for its news quality<br />

but to find out what the PKKis up to. The<br />

fact that the journalists working on this<br />

paper allow themselves to be exploited in<br />

such 0 fashion is rather sorrowful but that<br />

is their problem. . '<br />

It is also no secr<strong>et</strong> that the paper is 0<br />

source of intelligence for the Turkish<br />

security which con monitor the actions of<br />

the PKK with relative ease.<br />

The rea<strong>de</strong>rship of the paper is rather<br />

limited and its circulation is 0 mere<br />

30,000.<br />

So why raid Özgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m and bar its<br />

publication in such 0 fashion? Con't we,<br />

live with such 0 radical paper and see<br />

what the other si<strong>de</strong> is up to?<br />

Another important issue is the way the<br />

allthoritles hove moved against Ozgür<br />

Gün<strong>de</strong>m in 0 country where we<br />

boost about the existence of basic<br />

freedoms.<br />

The raid against the newspaper<br />

headquarters on Friday was 0 rather<br />

confused affair. Revelations that police<br />

confiscated two unregistered guns, gas<br />

masks ànd on array of PKKvouchers ,<br />

hardly constitute 0 major crime. Journalists<br />

and printing stoff were <strong>de</strong>tained which is,


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

to say the least, a grave error. There were<br />

claims that the government did not know<br />

about the raid and that it was done un<strong>de</strong>r<br />

the or<strong>de</strong>rs of the State Security Court<br />

prosecutor.<br />

Thisinci<strong>de</strong>nt has s<strong>et</strong> a very ugly<br />

prece<strong>de</strong>nt on what could happen to the<br />

press in Turkey in the future. Today, they<br />

may raid the Özgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m offices on<br />

the pr<strong>et</strong>ext of 'combatting terrorism' but<br />

tomorrow they may well raid other<br />

newsRaper offices and establishments on<br />

others pr<strong>et</strong>exts, with little regard for the rule<br />

of law. The fact that authorities can act<br />

this way in a 'free and vocal' country will<br />

no doubt raise serious questions about the<br />

<strong>de</strong>mocracy that Suleyman Demirel tried to<br />

establish in Turkey and how he has failed,<br />

with the country still remaining a semi<strong>de</strong>mocracy.<br />

42 people killed in Southeast violence<br />

Cross-bor<strong>de</strong>r operation continues<br />

Turkish <strong>de</strong>legation in northenl IrlUJ<br />

Turkish Daily News<br />

ANKARA- At least 42 people we~e killed in southeast<br />

Turkey this weekend during attacks staged by militants of<br />

the outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK). Turkey has<br />

launched a limited cross-bor<strong>de</strong>r operatIOninto northern Iraq<br />

where it is pursuing the terrorists.<br />

The Anatolia news agency said on Monday that government<br />

troops killed 24 members of the PKK who rai<strong>de</strong>d a<br />

military post near Çukurca, a town in Hakkari province<br />

close to Turkey's bor<strong>de</strong>r with Iraq.<br />

In a separate inci<strong>de</strong>nt, 13 civilians were shot <strong>de</strong>ad when<br />

PKK gunmen rai<strong>de</strong>d a village in Adiyaman province, the<br />

~gency said. Anatolia said the PKK attempted to raid .the<br />

Uzümlü military outpost, a frequent targ<strong>et</strong> of the orgamzation,<br />

and that 17 gunmen were killed in a clash with troops<br />

holding the post.<br />

Seven others were killed when Turkish troops crossed into<br />

northern Iraq to catch the terrorists. Two officers and<br />

three soldiers were also killed in the inci<strong>de</strong>nt.<br />

Anatolia later reported Turkish Air Force planes had attacked<br />

a band of some 40 to 50 militaDts insi<strong>de</strong> northern<br />

Iraq.'The agency said none of the terrorists escaped the raid.<br />

Anatolia also reported Turkish planes <strong>de</strong>stroyed a PKK am-<br />

Lyon-Matin - 14 décembre 1993<br />

munitions dump insi<strong>de</strong> northern Iraq.<br />

Quoting provincial authorities, .Anatolia said that a group<br />

of militants killed I3 peasants In a separate raid on Ihe<br />

homes of Iwo village guards in A~a~konak village in<br />

Adlyaman province. It said a group or militants entered the<br />

homes of the two village guards and gunned down the occupants,<br />

including women and children, and s<strong>et</strong> the houses on<br />

fire.<br />

Meanwhile, regional sources told the Turkish Daily News<br />

that a Turkish Foreign Ministry <strong>de</strong>legation is visiting<br />

Kurdish-controlled northern Iraq and will be holdmg me<strong>et</strong>ings<br />

with Iraqi Kurdish lea<strong>de</strong>rs Masoud Barzani and 1alal<br />

Talabani.<br />

They reported that two ministry officials were currently<br />

traveling in the region, both to look into claims of alleged<br />

Iraqi Kurdish support for Turkey's separatist Kurds and to<br />

<strong>de</strong>liver a message to Barzani.<br />

'.<br />

Prime Minister Tansu Çiller, in a verbal message to the<br />

Kurdistan Democratic Party (KOP) lea<strong>de</strong>r, has asked for Iraqi<br />

Kurds to take stronger action against the outlawed Kurdistan<br />

Workers' Party (PKK) and to prevent it from using t~eir<br />

territories.<br />

The <strong>de</strong>legation is to r<strong>et</strong>urn to Turkey this week, sources<br />

said. More than Il,000 people have been killed in Turkey<br />

since the PKK began fighting for an in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt Kurdish<br />

homeland in the Southeast in 1984.<br />

Since then, the organization has been using northern Iraqi<br />

territory to launch attacks on Turkish targ<strong>et</strong>s..<br />

HANDICAP<br />

INTERNATIONAL<br />

Un cenlre<br />

d'apparellla._<br />

dilrull au<br />

Kurdlalan<br />

Un mort <strong>et</strong> six blessés<br />

Lundi matin, une charge d'explosif<br />

a totalement détruit le<br />

centre d'appareillage <strong>de</strong> Handicap<br />

International à Sulaymaniayh<br />

au Kurdistan irakien. L'&xplosion<br />

aurait fait au moins un<br />

mort <strong>et</strong> six blessés graves parmi<br />

les patients' <strong>et</strong> le personnel<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>. Ce centre, financé par<br />

ECHO (Office humanitaire <strong>de</strong> la<br />

com~unauté européenne) perm<strong>et</strong>taIt<br />

à Handicap International<br />

<strong>de</strong> produire <strong>de</strong>s prothèses <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s<br />

appareils orthopédiques en<br />

Qrand nombre pour les victimes<br />

<strong>de</strong> mines anti-personnel. En 18<br />

mois, 1 500 amputés avaient<br />

déjà été appareillés.<br />

Lundi matin toujours, les bureaux<br />

<strong>de</strong> rONG australienne<br />

CARE ont été la cible d'un<br />

attentat similaire, blessant grièvement<br />

<strong>de</strong>ux employés locaux.<br />

#( Bien qu'aucun membre <strong>de</strong>s<br />

ONG ou <strong>de</strong>s Nations Unies n'ait<br />

6t6 toucM, indique Handicap<br />

International dans un communiqué.<br />

<strong>de</strong> tels actes d'agression<br />

suppose une pnlparation soigneuse<br />

<strong>et</strong> ne laissent guère 'CJ6<br />

doute sur la signification du<br />

choix <strong>de</strong> cibles m6dicales ».<br />

77


REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RNISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />

Comité <strong>de</strong> soutien<br />

Mobilisés pour Rojin <strong>et</strong> contre le gouvernement<br />

Assoc.iations <strong>et</strong> partis politiques se mobilisent pour<br />

Rojin Ayaz. la jeune Kur<strong>de</strong>, assi~née à rési<strong>de</strong>nce à<br />

Samt.Pardoux, n'a pas été expulsee du territoire mais<br />

reste écartée <strong>de</strong> sa famille. Samedi, à la Maison <strong>de</strong> la<br />

vie associative à Niort~le comité <strong>de</strong> soutien a fait le<br />

point sur les initiatives prises en sa faveur.<br />

NIORT. - FrancisVacker, per- police avant d'être placée en<br />

manent du Parti communiste en rési<strong>de</strong>nce surveillée à Saint-Par-<br />

Deux-Sèvres, résume la situa- doux... Depuis, nous nous effortion<br />

: Il Rojin Ayaz a été soustrai- çons <strong>de</strong> créer autour d'elle un<br />

te à sa famille le 18 novembre. .mouvement <strong>de</strong> solidarité I).<br />

Elle a passé la journée du 18 <strong>et</strong> Samedi, une trentàine <strong>de</strong><br />

une bonne partie du personnes avaient répondu à<br />

19 novembre à la préfecture <strong>de</strong> l'appel du comité <strong>de</strong> soutien.<br />

Celui-ci réunit principalement<br />

<strong>de</strong>s élus <strong>et</strong> sympathisants <strong>de</strong><br />

mouvements <strong>de</strong> gauche <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s<br />

écologistes. '<br />

Il Nous <strong>de</strong>vons surtout<br />

empêcher qu'elle soit expulsée<br />

en Turquie ) ont dit plusieurs<br />

participants. Un point sur lequel<br />

le comité semble avoir été rassuré<br />

: Il Vendredi, le MRAP <strong>et</strong><br />

SOS Racisme ont rencontré le<br />

chef <strong>de</strong> cabin<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> Charles Pasqua,<br />

le ministre <strong>de</strong> /'Intérieur ))<br />

indique Francis Vacker. Le chef<br />

<strong>de</strong> cabin<strong>et</strong> écarterait<br />

l'expulsion: Il Pas question <strong>de</strong><br />

la renvoyer en Turquie où elle<br />

serait<br />

Immédiatement<br />

exécutée » aurait déclaré le<br />

bras droit du ministre.<br />

Rafles<br />

Le droit est rappelé : Il Pourquoi<br />

maintenir en rési<strong>de</strong>nce<br />

surveillée. une personne à qui<br />

la justice ne reproche rien <strong>et</strong><br />

qui n'est même pas en situation<br />

irrégulière I). S'agit-il d'un<br />

clin d'œil à la Turquie qui achète<br />

<strong>de</strong>s hélicoptères à la<br />

Franca? S'interroge le comité.<br />

Encore un p<strong>et</strong>it pas <strong>et</strong> c'est.<br />

le gouvernement dans son<br />

ensemble qui est diabolisé :<br />

Il Lë go'ùvernemeni est pOrteur<br />

d'une idéologie raciste. Il<br />

y a aujourd'hui une volonté <strong>de</strong> .<br />

chasser tout ce qui a un faciès<br />

un peu coloré. Le gouverne-<br />

. ment donne raison aux amis<br />

<strong>de</strong> Le Pen » estime Jean-Clau<strong>de</strong><br />

Sureau, secrétaire général<br />

<strong>de</strong> la CGT.<br />

Quant à Robert Léon,<br />

.adjoint communiste au maire<br />

, <strong>de</strong> Niort, il parle <strong>de</strong> (I rafles )<br />

envers la communauté kur<strong>de</strong><br />

installée en France.<br />

Il y a l'action politique. Il y a<br />

aussi l'ai<strong>de</strong> humaine que l'on<br />

p,eutapporter à Rojin Ayaz, fait<br />

'remarquer Jean Coion. <strong>de</strong>s<br />

Verts. Ce <strong>de</strong>rnier est favorable'<br />

à une action <strong>de</strong> tous le.s jours<br />

auprès <strong>de</strong> la jeune Kur<strong>de</strong> ahn<br />

<strong>de</strong> l'ai<strong>de</strong>r à supporter c<strong>et</strong> isolement<br />

forcé avec sa famille.<br />

Il Nous sommes allés la voir:<br />

à Saint-Pardoux; nous l'avons<br />

sortie <strong>de</strong> l'Mtel pour la promener<br />

dans la circonscription <strong>de</strong><br />

Parthenay où elle est libre <strong>de</strong><br />

circuler. Etre assigné à rési-<br />

. dènce c'est tout <strong>de</strong> même<br />

mieux que d'être emprisonné<br />

à Fleury-Mérogis!<br />

)) souligne<br />

l" responsable <strong>de</strong>s Verts.,<br />

ELM .<br />

Association~<strong>et</strong> mouvements politiques <strong>de</strong> gauche mobilisent en faveur <strong>de</strong> la jeune Kur<strong>de</strong>.:<br />

Non$ans en profiter pour montrer du doigt le « vilain gouvernefrJent <strong>de</strong> droite »...<br />

.LE COURRIER<br />

'."~;:r~~: DE tOUEST<br />

~_tff$iJ$;lli]@f,4Ë_ßj.t:lE:lm,*<br />

14 décembre 1993<br />

78


iSMET G. iMSET / BEING VOCAL<br />

DEP, a failing mission<br />

he arrow has left the bow - as the old Turkish saying<br />

goes. Hatip Dicle, one of the most radical parliamentarians<br />

was named<br />

of the D~mocracy P~rty (I?EP) group,<br />

the party s new chairman In Sunday s<br />

general conv~ntion. The party is thus on a countdown<br />

for closure and its members and parliamentarians are<br />

preparing"to r<strong>et</strong>urn to the people." The meaning of<br />

this must be sought in the question of where the support<br />

of the kurdish people in southeast Turkey really lies.<br />

All indications now are that Dicle has a specific mission and is<br />

doing the best he can to distance the party from a majority of the<br />

Turks. Some say he is trying to have the party closed down to justify<br />

the existence of an Illegal Kurdish movement in Turkey: the<br />

Q.utlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK}. PKK lea<strong>de</strong>r Abdullah<br />

Ocalan believes that by March 1994 he will have amassed 30,000<br />

fighters in the Southeast, where he will attempt to s<strong>et</strong> up temporary<br />

liberated zones.<br />

He and his inner circles also believe<br />

that the DEP has outlived its "mission"<br />

and that the party no longer has a place<br />

in Parliament. As far as the PKK is concerned,<br />

the DEP is not as important as<br />

before -<br />

surviving.<br />

and does not have a chance to<br />

During its history the DEP<br />

has changed its name three times and has<br />

witnessed several changes in lea<strong>de</strong>rship.<br />

First it was the HEP, the Peoples' Labor<br />

Party. Then came OZDEP, Freedoms<br />

and Democracy Party. DEP is its late~t<br />

form and will be closed down like its<br />

pre<strong>de</strong>cessors.<br />

From the very beginning, the i<strong>de</strong>a<br />

behind DEP was to form a legal political<br />

movement with parliamentary representation<br />

- one which would altempt to<br />

take over certain ministerial seats and<br />

<strong>de</strong>fuse the tension b<strong>et</strong>ween the Turkish<br />

and Kurdish people. In its simplest<br />

aspect, it was to be a bridge b<strong>et</strong>ween the<br />

communities, explain to the Turks what<br />

the Kurds were up against and to the<br />

Kurds how the Turks were thinking.<br />

But, even in Parliament, it was un<strong>de</strong>r<br />

heavy pressure from the very beginning.<br />

DEP <strong>de</strong>puties, who agreed to enter<br />

Parliament un<strong>de</strong>r Turkis\i laws, sud<strong>de</strong>nly<br />

turned out against the parliamentary oath. They entered the building<br />

not with the red-and-white colors of the Turkish nag but with<br />

yellow-green-red handkerchiefs sticking out of their jack<strong>et</strong> pock<strong>et</strong>s,<br />

representing the traditional colors of the Kurds.. As of<br />

that day, the <strong>de</strong>puties have been harassed in every way. At times,<br />

they were phYSically attacked and thrown off the bench by their<br />

Turkish counterparts.<br />

Mostly they were m<strong>et</strong> with the protests of the majority of the<br />

450-seat parliament with <strong>de</strong>puties, mcluding the then prime minister<br />

Suleym;m Demirel, banging their fists on their <strong>de</strong>sk tops like<br />

school children. We know of times when DEP <strong>de</strong>puties~ere not<br />

even allowed to mention the existence of Kurdish and Turkish<br />

brotherhood, or attacked simply for saying that those who join the<br />

PKK have their reasons for doing so ..<br />

At least 50 DEP affiliated activists have so far been killed in<br />

Turkey by <strong>de</strong>ath squads. The most recent mur<strong>de</strong>r was that of parliamentarian<br />

Mehm<strong>et</strong> Sincar, which brought down the number of<br />

DEP seats in Parliament to 17.<br />

Meanwhile, nationwi<strong>de</strong> reaction to the DEP has been increasing.<br />

Leyla lana, also said to have close links with the PKK, was once<br />

threatened with <strong>de</strong>ath by an officer in the Southeast, and barely<br />

escaped an assassination attempt after t,he killing of Sincar.<br />

Recently,she was portrayed on state televISIon as someone who<br />

had "sold Turkey down the river."<br />

On Monday night, a Turkish special forces member whose i<strong>de</strong>ntity<br />

was withheld, appeared on the television and told the whole<br />

nation that DEP <strong>de</strong>puties such as Orhan Dogan were among their<br />

targ<strong>et</strong>s. Hc also said 104 parliamentarians, a majority of them from<br />

the Southeast, were regar<strong>de</strong>d as traitors. Last week, a senior police<br />

officer in charge of anti-terrorist operations told me that the main<br />

mistake Turkey had ma<strong>de</strong> since the 1970s was to allow people of<br />

"Southeast origin" to enter the state apparatus, ..<br />

According to him, Turgut Ozal<br />

was "the greatest traitor" since he<br />

had a Kurdish grandmother. Former<br />

Interior Minister Ism<strong>et</strong> Sezgin could<br />

not be trusted since he too was<br />

allegedly of Kurdish background.<br />

And former Gendarmerie comman<strong>de</strong>r<br />

Gen. E~rd Bitlis "<strong>de</strong>served to<br />

die" since he was Kurdish as well<br />

and could not be expected to do anything<br />

against the PKK!<br />

"Racism is Oilthe rise everywhere, and<br />

specifICally in the state apparaJus, wlllch<br />

takes major policy <strong>de</strong>cisions and has a<br />

great <strong>de</strong>al of influence on what will happen<br />

in the future. Many Turks believe the DEP<br />

is an extellSioll of the PKK. Frequently<br />

heard is the slogan, "We dOIl't wallt the<br />

PKK ill Parliament." The slogan which is<br />

spreading throughout the Anatolian peninsula<br />

is, "Death to the Kurds" - any<br />

Kurds. The attitu<strong>de</strong> of the DEP, and most<br />

specifically its continuous refusal to con<strong>de</strong>mn<br />

PKK attacks directed at civilian and<br />

unarmed personne~ has disturbed many"<br />

Racism is on the rise everywhere.<br />

and specifically in the state apparatus,<br />

which takes major policy <strong>de</strong>cisions<br />

and has a great <strong>de</strong>al of influence<br />

on what will happen in the<br />

future. Many Turks believe the DEP<br />

is an extension of the PKK.<br />

Frequently heard is the slogan, "We<br />

don t want the PKK in Parliament."<br />

The slogan which is spreading<br />

throughout the Anatolian p,eninsula<br />

is, "Death to the Kurds' - any<br />

Kurds. The altitu<strong>de</strong> of the DEP, and<br />

most specifically its continuous<br />

refusal to con<strong>de</strong>mn PKK attacks<br />

directed at civilian and unarmed personnel,<br />

has disturbed many.<br />

Now that Dicle is heading the<br />

party, it is evi<strong>de</strong>nt that this alienation<br />

will <strong>de</strong>epen in the coming days.<br />

Already he has started off by making pro-PKK statements and<br />

has ma<strong>de</strong> his own position clear.<br />

The' Constitutional Court, which has initiated a case against the<br />

DEP, is expected to close the party down in the coming months.<br />

Thus, as the radicals take over DEP, they are also attempting to<br />

give the party an improved image, an image of a party that also<br />

cares for Turkish interests.<br />

But with Dicle at the head of the party, even this is questionable.<br />

The suspicion now is that this image mayalso be intentional -<br />

that, knowing of the upcoming closure, the DEP is creating such an<br />

image so it can say in the future that it has done everything and<br />

tried every legal m<strong>et</strong>hod but has got nothing in r<strong>et</strong>urn. Such an<br />

argument would only be to justify an aimed struggle in Turkey.<br />

For, whatever the PKK says, in reality the DEP has not accomplished,<br />

but failed in, its true mission.<br />

79


REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RNISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />

Ankara raps Greek <strong>de</strong>puties' remarks<br />

Greek Ambassador Alexan<strong>de</strong>r Philon claims that the <strong>de</strong>puties came on<br />

a private invitation and not as representatives of the Greek Parliament<br />

By Nazlan Ertan<br />

Turkish Daily News<br />

ANKARA- Turkey summoned thé Greek Ambassador<br />

Alexan<strong>de</strong>r Philon to the Foreign Ministry<br />

Tuesday to express Ankara's growing dissatisfac" .<br />

.tion with the remarks ma<strong>de</strong> by the Greek <strong>de</strong>puties<br />

who have expressed support for the "Kurdish<br />

cause."<br />

The move signals a new intensity in the cold<br />

winds blowing b<strong>et</strong>ween the two countries after Andreas<br />

Papandreou's PASOK party came to power<br />

in\Greece. Turkish diplomatic circles call the attitu<strong>de</strong><br />

of Greece since then "provocative.and downright<br />

hostile," but add that Ankara will refrain from<br />

"overreacting" to Greek attempts.<br />

Turkish Foreign Ministry Deputy Un<strong>de</strong>rsecr<strong>et</strong>ary<br />

Tugay Uluçevik, who has conferred with Philon<br />

three times in as many weeks, reportedly told<br />

him of Ankara's dissatisfaction with the remarks<br />

ma<strong>de</strong> by Greek <strong>de</strong>puties attending last weekend's<br />

convention of the pro-Kurdish Democracy Party.<br />

The Greek <strong>de</strong>legation, which inclu<strong>de</strong>d three <strong>de</strong>puties<br />

from PASOK, addressed the convention and<br />

expressed support for the "legal rights of the Kurdish<br />

people." The remarks, which particularly angered<br />

Ankara were ma<strong>de</strong> by PASOK's Cr<strong>et</strong>e <strong>de</strong>puty,<br />

who noted that Athens must support the rights<br />

of the Kurds: The ambassador, on the other hand<br />

n~ted t~at.th~ Greek <strong>de</strong>legation had come "on à<br />

private mVltatlOh and not as the representatives of<br />

the Greek Parliament."<br />

The TON has also learned that the Greek Embassy<br />

had advis~d the <strong>de</strong>puties against attending<br />

t~~c~,ngress, ~aymg Ankara was "particularly sensItive<br />

on the Issue and the Greek attitu<strong>de</strong>. However,<br />

Turkish diplomats say the excuse that the rar-<br />

Iiamentarians acted on their behalf is nol "particularly<br />

convincing" in view of previous remarkS<br />

ma<strong>de</strong> by Greek officials, including ministers and<br />

government spokesmen.<br />

The sourness over the DEP <strong>de</strong>legation comes. as<br />

the cold winds blowing b<strong>et</strong>ween the two capitals<br />

after the PASOK administration came to power are<br />

at their sirongest. Ankara had first reacted to the<br />

"common <strong>de</strong>fense strategy" <strong>de</strong>clared by Greece<br />

and the Greek Cypriot administration, which regards<br />

Greek Cyprus as an essential part of<br />

the Greek <strong>de</strong>fense.<br />

The remarks caused Philon's visit -- due<br />

to PhiIons own request-- to the Turkish Foreign<br />

Ministry, where he was told by Ulucevik<br />

that such remarks were not "encouraging"<br />

for relations b<strong>et</strong>ween the new administration<br />

and Turkey.<br />

Only a week later. Greek European Affairs<br />

Minister Theodore Pangalas targ<strong>et</strong>ed allacks<br />

~ainst Turkey and Foreign Minister Hikm<strong>et</strong><br />

y<strong>et</strong>in. In a more serious vein, the Greek minister<br />

expressed support for the Kurdish struggle<br />

agamst "the tyrant, Turkey."<br />

.Greek government. spokesman<br />

Meanwhile,<br />

Evangelos<br />

Venizclos notcd thaI Athens had no inlenlion<br />

of banning the PKK and Ihal what olher<br />

countries, such as Gcrmany did, "was Ihcir<br />

own business."<br />

The recent rush of harsh statements and<br />

ambassadors' visits to the Foreign Ministry<br />

of the host country signal difficult times<br />

ahead in relations. Turkish diplomats claim<br />

that the PASOK government has removed<br />

some of the top officials in the Greek Foreign<br />

Ministry, who were known for their<br />

positive attitu<strong>de</strong> towards Turkey.<br />

The dissatisfaction of official circles was<br />

also reflected in the Turkish media. Mass<br />

circulation Hürriy<strong>et</strong>, for example, titled ils<br />

report on Greek participation at the DEP<br />

convention: "Terrorist Greek."<br />

Two television journalists arrested in Istanbul<br />

TDN with Wire Dispatches in the office of the Armed Forces<br />

ISTANBUL- The Turkish authorities<br />

have arrested two television<br />

Chief of Staff, said he had or<strong>de</strong>red<br />

their arrest. The controversy surjournalists<br />

on charges of broadcastmg<br />

materialthat encouraged Turks<br />

rounding the broadcast is in p~rt<br />

due to the recent statement of ChIef<br />

to eva<strong>de</strong> military service.<br />

Erhan .AkYlldlz, 46, a news proof<br />

Staff authorities that there were<br />

I 400,000 draft dodgers. .<br />

ducer, and Ali Tevfik Berber, 34, a Both men work at the Istanbuljournalist,<br />

were called into Istanbul based television station HBB and<br />

police headquarters on Tuesday for last week they broadcast a TV proquestioning,<br />

one of their colleagues gram on draft do~gers and <strong>de</strong>sert~rs<br />

told Reuters. from the army. The program dls-<br />

Colonel Ç<strong>et</strong>in Akkaya, prosecutor couraged Turks from do mg their<br />

military service," Akkaya told Reuters.<br />

He said the twomen would be<br />

tried by a military court and could<br />

each face a prison sentence of b<strong>et</strong>ween<br />

two months and two years if<br />

found guilty. Several of the people<br />

interviewed in the program were<br />

members of an anti-war group and<br />

said they would never serve In the<br />

army. Military service is compulsory<br />

in Turkey.<br />

. A Turkish army spokesman last<br />

week lashed out at people who<br />

eva<strong>de</strong> the draft at a time when the<br />

armed forces are fighting Kurdish<br />

separatist guerrillas in the Southeast.<br />

"Many are fighting to protect<br />

the unity. of the country," Colonel<br />

Dogu SIIahçlOglu said. "There are<br />

also those who want to avoid this<br />

sacred duty and the nation will not<br />

forgive them." Defense Ministry officIals<br />

said a quarter of a million<br />

men of military age have failed to<br />

show up for annual military service<br />

registration checks, an offence.<br />

80<br />

Fifty Kurds start hunger<br />

strike in London<br />

Reuters<br />

LONDON- Fifty Kurds started a hunger strike at a<br />

community centre in London on Monday <strong>de</strong>manding<br />

that Turkey ends what they called "its campaign of<br />

genoci<strong>de</strong> and <strong>de</strong>population In Kurdistan." The 50 protesters,<br />

on an "unlImited" hunger strike, expect hundreds<br />

more people to join them at the Kurdish and<br />

Turkish Community Centre<br />

ment faxed to Reuters said.<br />

in north London, a state-<br />

.<br />

It reported that the action was also in protest against<br />

bans on the Kurdish people's right to organize them-<br />

. selves in European countries, particularly Germany<br />

and France.<br />

"Kurdish people were forced to come to this country<br />

beçause they supported the nationallib,~ration struggle<br />

being led by the PKK (rebel group), the statement<br />

said. "We will continue to support the struggle<br />

.wherever we are."<br />

. .The hunger.s.trikers also want an end to arms sales<br />

by European nations to Turkey, and <strong>de</strong>mand the British<br />

government send a <strong>de</strong>legation to Kurdistan to assess<br />

the situation there.


REvuE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASlN ÖZETi<br />

PEl'( A111eI1canCenter<br />

568 Broadway, New York, New York 10012<br />

(212) 334-1660/Cables: Acinterpen New York/Fax: (212) 334-2181<br />

Honorary<br />

Presi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />

louiS Begley<br />

Vtce Presi<strong>de</strong>nts<br />

Russell Banks<br />

Maureen Howard<br />

Walter Mosley<br />

Victor Navasky<br />

lionel Tiger<br />

VICe Presi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />

Salman Rushdie<br />

Treasurer<br />

Elaine Mar1


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

apparently ùn<strong>de</strong>rground: Telephone lines at all of Ozgür GÜll<strong>de</strong>m's offices were<br />

.cut off on December 10 and Il and the newspaper was unable to publish its normal<br />

Saturday edition. The police reportedly confiscated most of the newspaper's<br />

computer files, and all its accounting records. Several pieces of newspaper's<br />

equipment were either damaged or broken during the raid; the Turkish authorities<br />

have refused to comment on any aspect of the operation.<br />

The newspaper was reportedly published again on December 14, but three bus<br />

loads of police officers have stationed themselves outsi<strong>de</strong> the newspaper's offices,<br />

. intimidating staff and disrupting the newspaper's activities.<br />

On December Il police also rai<strong>de</strong>d O=gü,. GÜll<strong>de</strong>m's Adana, Izmir, Elazig, Batman,<br />

Van and Antep bureaus, <strong>de</strong>taining all those found on the premises at the time.<br />

I1aes Ç<strong>et</strong>inkaya and Be)'han Günyeli from the Adana Bureau are sti1l said to be in<br />

<strong>de</strong>tention and Serdar Karakoç, Riza Zingal, Namik Alkan, Emin Unay, and Leyla<br />

Akgül from the Izmir bureau, Cengiz Talj, MenaC Al'ci, and Yalçn Sel'inç from the<br />

Elazig offic.~, Salih Dinç from the Batman office, Bülent Çiftei, Irfan Uçar,<br />

Soraff<strong>et</strong>in Ozalp, Adil Harmanca and Meljruk Çiftçi from the Van bureau and<br />

Ahm<strong>et</strong> Çaldiran, and Ismail Kelleci from the Antep bureau a1l remain in <strong>de</strong>tention<br />

un<strong>de</strong>r police custody. None of the journalists has been forma1ly charged and PEN<br />

fears that they may be subjected to inhumane treatment. The reasons for the raid<br />

are unclear, but a police source is said to have confirmed that the action was taken<br />

because of two court rulings in late November granting two 15 day closure or<strong>de</strong>rs<br />

against the newspaper for spreading separatist propaganda. Newspaper officials<br />

maintain that they did not observe the closure or<strong>de</strong>r because the <strong>de</strong>cision was sti1l<br />

pending in appeal court.<br />

In an earlier inci<strong>de</strong>nt on December 9, the Diyarbakir office of Ozgü,. Gü<strong>de</strong>m was<br />

rai<strong>de</strong>d ~.nd several reporters arrested. Those sti1l said to be in <strong>de</strong>tention inclu<strong>de</strong><br />

Hasan Ozgün, M. ~.iraç Koç, Necmiye Aslanoglu, Mehm<strong>et</strong>~ah Yildiz, Nuran<br />

Tekdag and Bitan Onen, none of whom has y<strong>et</strong> been charged with any criminal<br />

activity. One of the journalists now in custody, Necmiye Aslanoglu, had been<br />

previously <strong>de</strong>tained on November 25 in the village of Biric but released a few days<br />

later. She and a~other reporter from Ôzgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m, Nalan Alici, had been<br />

assisting an investigative mission to the southeast organzied by a group of Kurdish<br />

and British journalists and tra<strong>de</strong> unionists. Reports indicate that they were both<br />

. physically mistreated, insulted, and threatened with <strong>de</strong>ath if they recounted their<br />

treatment while in <strong>de</strong>tention. The police were said to have beaten Ms. Aslanoglu<br />

so that she might confess to having had associations with the PKK, but they were<br />

unable to extract any admissions.<br />

~qually disturbing are the reports that Yilmaz Yakut, a 19-year old distributor for<br />

Ozgü,. Gü<strong>de</strong>m, was shot and injured in the back on December 3 and that Adnan<br />

I~ik, another distributor for the newspaper in Van province, was shot <strong>de</strong>ad on<br />

November 27. He had a1legedly been warned by police to stop distributing copies<br />

of the newspaper.<br />

82<br />

Inits eighteen months of publication, Özgü,. GÜl1<strong>de</strong>m has been the object of some<br />

one-hundred seventy judicial proceedings. Nine of its reporters and eleven of its<br />

distributors have been mur<strong>de</strong>red and two hundred issues of the newspaper have<br />

been confiscated. PEN notes with <strong>de</strong>ep dismay that police investigations into the<br />

ki1lings have .uncovered no clues as to the i<strong>de</strong>ntity of the mur<strong>de</strong>rers and that no one<br />

has y<strong>et</strong> been charged for any of the <strong>de</strong>aths.<br />

PEN is <strong>de</strong>eply perturbed by' the continued reports of harassment and intimidation<br />

against those working for O=gü,. Giill<strong>de</strong>m. We ca1l on your government to release


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RMSTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASlN ÖZETi<br />

all those now <strong>de</strong>tained, if they cannot be shown'guilty of any criminal activity, anu<br />

we further urge you to lake every possible Slep to investigate all reports of torture<br />

and mistreatment. We also ask that you ensure that all the confiscated material is<br />

r<strong>et</strong>urned to Ö=gü,. GÜll<strong>de</strong>m and that the newspaper is compensated for all damages<br />

to its equipment and offices.<br />

While we appreciate that these are turbulent limes in your country, we also believe<br />

that it is exactly at these junctures in a nation's history that the freedoms of speech<br />

and association are both nt their most vulnerable and most indispensable. The<br />

Turkish government has therefore an obligation to <strong>de</strong>fend these freedoms to the<br />

best of its ability concr<strong>et</strong>e steps to end the continued harassment and intimation of<br />

Ö=gür GÜll<strong>de</strong>m and all those affiliated with it.<br />

We thank you for your attention and we await your response.<br />

Sincerely,<br />

~/~~11<br />

Louis Begley<br />

Presi<strong>de</strong>nt, PEN American Center<br />

[;,1l1 Y/.L (rj<br />

Faith Sale<br />

J4y SI/ßV1 f 4r )<br />

kose Styror!<br />

Co-Chairs, Freedom-to- Write Committee<br />

" ) - h'ncl' I rance'Pre'w'- \, F p, - \~l'nll' I r,1I1ll'Prl'~~l'- \.L Il. - \~l'Illl' Il ,lllll' Pll'\\l'- \, F Il. - \~l'nll' I Llllll' Pn'\\l'- , " ,<br />

FRA0143 4 I 0146 IRK IAFP-LY64<br />

Irak-Kut~<strong>de</strong>s<br />

Trois tu~s dans <strong>de</strong>s affrontements inter-kur<strong>de</strong>s dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak<br />

ERBIL (Irak), 15 d~c (AFP) - Des combats ont oppos~ <strong>de</strong>ux formations kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

rivales durant quatre jours dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak sous contrOle kur<strong>de</strong>,<br />

faisant au moins trois tu~s <strong>et</strong> plusieurs bless~s, a-t-on appris mercredi <strong>de</strong><br />

sources concordantes.<br />

Les affrontements, qui ont cess~ mardi, ont mis aux prises le Parti<br />

d~mocratique du Kurdistan (PDK, <strong>de</strong> Massoud Barzani), <strong>et</strong> une aile du parti<br />

socialiste dirig~e par Hama Haci Mahmoud, a indiqu~ un porte-pat~ole du<br />

Il gouv<strong>et</strong>~nement Il kur<strong>de</strong> install ~ dans 1es t~~gions ~chappant au pouvo h~ du l'~~gime<br />

du pr~si<strong>de</strong>nt Saddam Hussein.<br />

Des armes lour<strong>de</strong>s, dont l'artillerie, ont ~t~ utilis~es dans les combats<br />

qui se sont d~l'~oul~s notamment à Et~bil, siège du "gouv<strong>et</strong>~nement" kUt"<strong>de</strong>, <strong>et</strong><br />

Souleimanieh, selon <strong>de</strong>s sour<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> s~curit~ kur<strong>de</strong>s.<br />

1s-mchl 1ba/bt~<br />

AFP 150940 DEe 93<br />

-------------------------R83~


REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ~RNISTA<br />

STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />

Le Mon<strong>de</strong> - 15 décembre 1993<br />

Les Kur<strong>de</strong>s sont victimes <strong>de</strong> plusieurs conflits régionaux<br />

Alors que l'aviation. turque<br />

bombar<strong>de</strong> par intermittence,<br />

<strong>de</strong>puis la fin ,novembre, <strong>de</strong>s<br />

cibtes dans le Kurdistan irakien,<br />

déOx attentats, qui pourraient<br />

avoir été commis à l'instigation<br />

du' régime <strong>de</strong> Bagdad, ont visé,<br />

lundi 13 décembre, <strong>de</strong>s locaux<br />

.d'organisations humanitaires, à<br />

~ouleimanivé, faisant plusieurs<br />

victimes.<br />

Les avion turcs ont attaqué,<br />

lundi 1.3 décembre, <strong>de</strong>s basés du<br />

parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du Kurdistan<br />

(PKK), dans le nord <strong>de</strong><br />

l'Irak, a 'indiqué un responsable<br />

turc à J'agence Reuter. Le raid a<br />

'été mené à la suite d'une attaque<br />

:<strong>de</strong>s séparatistes kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> Tur-<br />

,quie, la veille, contre un poste<br />

militaire à Uzumlu, dans la province<br />

<strong>de</strong> Hakkari. Le 29 novem-<br />

,bre déjà, l'aviation turque avait<br />

;effectué <strong>de</strong>s raids dans le nord <strong>de</strong><br />

:l'Irak, contre <strong>de</strong>s rebelles kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

~qui«s'apprêtaient à perpétrer <strong>de</strong>s<br />

lactions» sur le territoire turc,<br />

selon la version officielle d'Ankara.<br />

Le Kurdistan irakien est ainsi<br />

<strong>de</strong>venu l'abcès <strong>de</strong> fixation <strong>de</strong>s<br />

:conflits qui opposent les régimes<br />

.turc <strong>et</strong> iranien à leurs' minorités<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s. Il est vrai que, placé sous<br />

:le parapluie aérien <strong>de</strong> la coalition<br />

;occi<strong>de</strong>ntale anti-irakienne<br />

l<strong>de</strong>puis avril 1991, il est le refuge<br />

d'un certain nombre <strong>de</strong> combattants<br />

<strong>de</strong> ces minorités.'<br />

Cela autorise-t-il pour autant,<br />

sans susciter d'autre réaction<br />

öcci<strong>de</strong>ntale que verbale - <strong>et</strong><br />

encore du bout <strong>de</strong>s lèvres! - les<br />

bombar<strong>de</strong>ments aériens <strong>et</strong> terrestres<br />

auxquels se livrent les Iraniens<br />

<strong>et</strong> les Turcs? Car quoi<br />

qu'en disent les porte-parole <strong>de</strong><br />

Téhéran ou d'Ankara, ces pilonnages<br />

ne sont pas vraiment « chirurgicaux»;<br />

ce sont' <strong>de</strong>s civils<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s irakiens qui sont tués ou<br />

blessés. C'est également la souve-<br />

.f.;lin<strong>et</strong>é du territoire irakien qui<br />

est ainsi bafouée. Le 29 novembre<br />

déjà, le représentant du<br />

«gouvernement» kur<strong>de</strong> irakien à<br />

<strong>Paris</strong>, Mohamad Ismaïl, s'était<br />

indigné <strong>de</strong>s «al/égations» turques<br />

a,u suj<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la présence du PKK<br />

en territoire irakien. «Il y a environ<br />

<strong>de</strong>ux semaines, <strong>et</strong> en la présence<br />

d'un 'observateur turc, les<br />

Kur<strong>de</strong>s 'irakiens ont entrepris un<br />

véritable ratissage <strong>de</strong> l'ensemble<br />

du Kurdistan, <strong>de</strong> Zakho jusqu'à la<br />

frontière iranienne. Cela nous a<br />

permis <strong>de</strong> constater qu'il n'y avait<br />

aucun camp d'entraînement, ni<br />

aucune présence militaire <strong>de</strong> combattants<br />

du PKK», nous avait<br />

déclaré M. Isman.<br />

Selon lui, le «gouvernement»<br />

kur<strong>de</strong> irakien respecte à la l<strong>et</strong>tre<br />

l'accord conclu avec la Turquie à<br />

l'automne 1992,. à la suite <strong>de</strong> la<br />

vaste offensive turque en territoire<br />

irakien contre le PKK. Et<br />

c<strong>et</strong> accord avait mis fin à la présence<br />

militaire <strong>de</strong> ce <strong>de</strong>rnier dans<br />

le Kurdistan irakien.<br />

Mais M. Ismaïl <strong>de</strong>meure perplexe.<br />

Sauf à adm<strong>et</strong>tre, dit-il,<br />

qu'il existe au sein du gouvernement<br />

<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s forces armées turques<br />

<strong>de</strong>s fractions qui sont hostiles<br />

à <strong>de</strong> bonnes relations entre<br />

Ankara <strong>et</strong> les Kur<strong>de</strong>s d'Irak,<br />

comment comprendre, en eff<strong>et</strong>,<br />

que la Turquie envoie d'une part<br />

une assistance humanitaire à ces<br />

<strong>de</strong>rniers - 13 millions <strong>de</strong> dollars<br />

ont été consacrés à c<strong>et</strong>te fin - <strong>et</strong><br />

.pilonne d'autre part <strong>de</strong>s localités<br />

du Kurdistan.<br />

Car, affirme notre interlocuteur,<br />

ce sont bien <strong>de</strong>s agglomérations<br />

civiles qui ont "té victimes<br />

<strong>de</strong>s raids aériem turcs, le<br />

29 novembre. L'un a visé la localité<br />

<strong>de</strong> Barzan - à une cinquantaine<br />

<strong>de</strong> kilomètres <strong>de</strong> la frontière<br />

turque - au moment même<br />

où les <strong>de</strong>ux principaux dirigeants<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s irakiens, Massoud Barzani<br />

<strong>et</strong> Jalal Talbani, tenaient une réunion<br />

à Silopi, avec <strong>de</strong>s responsables<br />

militaires turcs. Les raids<br />

turcs, précise-t-i1, ont tué quatre<br />

èivils <strong>et</strong> blessé six a1;1tres.<br />

Les Kur<strong>de</strong>s irakiens s'inquiètent<br />

au <strong>de</strong>meurant <strong>de</strong> la consultation<br />

périodique instaurée entre<br />

Ankara, Téhéran <strong>et</strong> Damas sur la<br />

situation dans le Kurdistan irakien<br />

dont la «liberté» relative<br />

risque <strong>de</strong> donner <strong>de</strong>s idées à<br />

leurs propres minorités kur<strong>de</strong>s.<br />

Indifférence,<br />

<strong>de</strong>s Océi<strong>de</strong>ntaux<br />

Sans faire <strong>de</strong> concessions à la<br />

thèse du «complot», il existe en<br />

eff<strong>et</strong> une certaine similitu<strong>de</strong> entre<br />

le comportement <strong>de</strong> la Turquie <strong>et</strong><br />

celui <strong>de</strong> l'Iran. Depuis la mi-novembre,<br />

indique M. Isman, il n'y<br />

a plus eu <strong>de</strong> bombar<strong>de</strong>ments iraniens<br />

sur le Kurdistan irakien.<br />

Mais tout laisse à penser que ce<br />

n'est qu'un répit, car <strong>de</strong>puis le<br />

printemps <strong>de</strong>rnier, l'armée iranienne<br />

a régulièrement pilonné ce<br />

secteur, sous le prétexte qu'il<br />

abrite une base <strong>de</strong>s rebelles<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s iraniens.<br />

Selon <strong>de</strong>s témoignages recueillis<br />

l'été <strong>de</strong>rnier par !Jne commission<br />

d'enquête <strong>de</strong> la Fédération<br />

internationale <strong>de</strong>s ligues <strong>de</strong>s<br />

droits <strong>de</strong> l'Homme (FILDH) <strong>et</strong><br />

<strong>de</strong> la Fondation France-Libertés,<br />

les Iraniens utilisent l'aviation <strong>et</strong><br />

l'artillerie à longue portée.<br />

En juill<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>rnier il y a même eu<br />

une incursion <strong>de</strong> l'armée en territoire<br />

irakien. « Nous rapportons<br />

tous les inci<strong>de</strong>nts au comman<strong>de</strong>ment<br />

militaire <strong>de</strong> la coalition<br />

occi<strong>de</strong>ntale à Zakho. Les Occi<strong>de</strong>ntaux<br />

nous affirment qu'ils font<br />

pression par les voies diplomatiques»,<br />

indique M. IsmaïI. Ces<br />

pressions ne paraissent pas très<br />

efficaces.<br />

Les Kur<strong>de</strong>s irakiens sont d'autant<br />

plus amers que les bombar<strong>de</strong>ments<br />

iraniens <strong>et</strong> turcs ne font<br />

que compliquer une situation<br />

déjà très difficile. A l'instar du<br />

reste <strong>de</strong> la population irakienne,<br />

les Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>meurent en eff<strong>et</strong><br />

soumis à l'embargo imposé par la<br />

communauté internationale à<br />

l'Irak, mais qui se double d'un<br />

embargo arbitraire pratiquép.ar<br />

le gouvernement irakien luimême,<br />

qui contrôle la distribution<br />

<strong>de</strong> l'assistance alimentaire.<br />

Sans oublier les attentats que<br />

les Kur<strong>de</strong>s irakiens imputent<br />

aussi bien à Bagdad qu'à Téhéran,<br />

selon les circonstances.<br />

Lundi 13 décembre encore, selon<br />

un communiqué <strong>de</strong> l'organisation<br />

humanitaire Handicap International,<br />

une charge <strong>de</strong> 10 à 20 kilos<br />

d'explosif, placée à l'intérieur du<br />

centre d'appareillage tenu par<br />

Handicap à Souleimaniyé, a<br />

détruit totalement les locaux <strong>et</strong><br />

fait au moins une vingtaine <strong>de</strong><br />

victimes parmi les patients. Le<br />

même jour, un attentat à l'explosif<br />

a visé les bureaux <strong>de</strong> l'organisation<br />

australienne CARE dans la<br />

même ville, blessant grièvement<br />

<strong>de</strong>ux employés.<br />

Handicap international, qui<br />

n'i<strong>de</strong>ntifie pas les auteurs <strong>de</strong> ces<br />

attentats, indiquent néanmoins,<br />

que, selon un communiqué du;<br />

contingent <strong>de</strong> l'ONU eR Irak, <strong>de</strong>s.<br />

combats auraient opposé le<br />

même jour «<strong>de</strong>s partis politiques<br />

rivaux» qui seraient manipulés<br />

« en sous-main par l'Irak ou<br />

l'Iran ».<br />

«Alors que les Kur<strong>de</strong>s ont été à<br />

l'origine d'une résolution - 'du<br />

Conseil' <strong>de</strong> sécurité (688) - considérée<br />

par certains comme l'ex.<br />

pression d'un <strong>de</strong>voir d'ingérence<br />

<strong>de</strong> la Communauté internationale,<br />

ils ont le sentiment aujourd'hui<br />

d'être tragiquement abandonnés»,<br />

écrit la ,commission'<br />

d'enquête <strong>de</strong> la FILDH. Les responsables<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s irakiens nourrissent<br />

également <strong>de</strong>s craintes <strong>de</strong>,<br />

voir progressivement réhabilité le<br />

régime irakien, après sa récente<br />

acceptation <strong>de</strong> la résolution 715<br />

du Conseil <strong>de</strong> sécurité lui imposant<br />

une surveillance à long<br />

terme <strong>de</strong> son désarmement. Cela<br />

se fera, disent-ils, aux dépens <strong>de</strong><br />

l'ensemble <strong>de</strong> l'opposition irakienne<br />

<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la minorité kur<strong>de</strong> en<br />

particulier.<br />

MOU NA NAïM'<br />

84<br />

turquie:<br />

Hassana,<br />

village chrétien,<br />

n'existe plus<br />

Le 7 novembre, le maire <strong>de</strong> Hassana (Kösrali,<br />

en turc), p<strong>et</strong>it village assyrien catholique<br />

<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux cent dix habitants, dans le<br />

sud-est <strong>de</strong> la Turquie, lançait un appel urgent<br />

à la communauté internationale: l'armée<br />

turque, affirmait-il, a averti que le v.illage<br />

serait bombardé s'il n'était pas évacué<br />

avant le 20 novembre.<br />

La seule réponse à l'appel a été la mise à<br />

exécution <strong>de</strong> la menace... Dans un communiqué<br />

publié <strong>de</strong>ux jours plus tard à Zurich,<br />

l'organisation <strong>de</strong> défense <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong><br />

l'homme, Christian Solidarity International<br />

(CS!) a annoncé que Hassana avait été<br />

rasé <strong>et</strong> ses habitants provisoireme.nt accueillis<br />

dans les trois villages assyriens qui<br />

subsistent dans c<strong>et</strong>te région où s'affrontent<br />

forces <strong>de</strong> sécurité turques <strong>et</strong> militants du<br />

Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du Kurdistan (PKK).<br />

L'Association <strong>de</strong>s mésopotamiens <strong>de</strong> Suisse<br />

a dénoncé pour sa part «l'intolérance<br />

politique <strong>et</strong> religieuse» <strong>de</strong> l'Etat turc, l'accusant<br />

<strong>de</strong> vouloir vi<strong>de</strong>r la région <strong>de</strong> toute<br />

présence chrétienne.


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

A.F.P. - Agence France Presse - A.F.P. - Agence France Presse - A.F.P. - Agence France Presse - A.F.P. - Agence France Presse<br />

FRA0553 4 GI 0135 FRA /AFP-QC30<br />

TI..n-qui e-pt'eS-5e<br />

Reporters sans Frontières défend le quotidien pro-kur<strong>de</strong> Ozgur Gun<strong>de</strong>m<br />

PARIS, 15 déc (AFP) - L'association <strong>de</strong> défense <strong>de</strong> la liberté <strong>de</strong> la press~<br />

Reporters sans Frontières pro~este mercredi dans un communiqué contre "la<br />

vaste opér'ation policièr'e" menée vendr'edi en Tut"quie contt"e le quotidien<br />

pro-kur<strong>de</strong> Ozgur Gun<strong>de</strong>m. ~<br />

Liassociation affirme que l'cinq jours plus tard, au moins 18 salariés,<br />

dont les pt'incipaux t'esponsables <strong>de</strong> la t"édaction, ~ont tOI.ljow"s détf~T1I-tS"<strong>et</strong><br />

que "cer"tains aw'aient été soumis à la tOt't1:tt'e".<br />

Reporters sans Frontières déclare qu'Ozgur Gun<strong>de</strong>m "est un journal kur<strong>de</strong><br />

qui rend compte <strong>de</strong> la réalité du pays, sans appel à la violence", <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong><br />

"la libération immédiate <strong>et</strong> sans conditions <strong>de</strong> tous ses salariés encore<br />

détenus simplement pour fait"e par"tie <strong>de</strong> ce JOI_n-nal".<br />

cr/<strong>et</strong><br />

AFP 151850 DEC 93<br />

Le PK/( n'estpas interdit••• 15~~m~~<br />

mais Berne caresse la Turquie<br />

Ankara ne l'a pas empörté.<br />

Le Gouvernement<br />

suisse s'est prononcé<br />

contre l'interdiction du Parti<br />

<strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du Kurdistan<br />

sur le territoire <strong>de</strong> la<br />

Confédération. TI a eu bien<br />

du mérite à le faire. Prenùèrement,<br />

les chefs <strong>de</strong>s Départements<br />

<strong>de</strong>s affaires étrangères<br />

<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> justice <strong>et</strong> police<br />

étaient invités par certains<br />

<strong>de</strong> leurs collaborateurs à<br />

adopter une ligne ferme en<br />

imitant l'Allemagne <strong>et</strong> en tenant<br />

compte <strong>de</strong> la France.<br />

Certains à Berne n'hésitaient<br />

pas à dire que, Bonn<br />

ayant parlé, la cause était<br />

entendue. TI y a <strong>de</strong>s diplomates<br />

suisses qui ont acquis<br />

une telle habitu<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> s'incliner<br />

<strong>de</strong>vant Washington ou<br />

Bonn qu'ils ne se redressent<br />

même plus entre <strong>de</strong>ux courb<strong>et</strong>tes.<br />

TIs atten<strong>de</strong>nt qu'on<br />

les prie <strong>de</strong> relever la tête.<br />

Deuxièmement, la chute<br />

<strong>de</strong> l'empire communiste n'a<br />

pas entraîné l'extinction <strong>de</strong><br />

$1exes anticommunistes.<br />

Le Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du<br />

Kurdistan est d'appellation<br />

communiste. C'est suffisant<br />

pour qu'on lui prête une attention<br />

teintée d'une hostilité<br />

que l'on ne témoigne<br />

pas à égale mesure aux<br />

mouvements d'extrême<br />

droite. Peu importe que l'appui<br />

<strong>de</strong> ce qu'il reste <strong>de</strong> com-<br />

FRANÇOIS<br />

GROSS<br />

rédacteur en chef<br />

<strong>de</strong> Radio suisse<br />

internationale<br />

munisme international lui<br />

soit calculé au plus juste.<br />

L'étiqu<strong>et</strong>te fait davantage en<br />

l'occurrence que le contenu.<br />

Sur les pâturages <strong>de</strong> la p0-<br />

lice fédérale paissent encore<br />

<strong>de</strong>s taureaux que la moiI\dre<br />

tache rouge excite.<br />

Troisièmement, l'interdiction<br />

juridique <strong>et</strong> policière<br />

d'un parti exercé à la clan<strong>de</strong>stinité<br />

est d'une efficacité<br />

douteuse. On surveille<br />

nùeux un sous-marin en<br />

surface qu'en plongée.<br />

Berne n'est, cependant,<br />

pas tombé dans l'angélisme.<br />

Le PKK est ce qu'il<br />

est: le fer <strong>de</strong> lance d'un<br />

mouvement nationaliste<br />

crnel1ement. opprimé. u.De<br />

recule <strong>de</strong>vant aucune tuerie,<br />

<strong>de</strong>vant aucun crime pour<br />

faire avancer la cause <strong>de</strong>s<br />

Kur<strong>de</strong>s.<br />

Odieuse, c<strong>et</strong>te violence<br />

ne <strong>de</strong>vratt susciter ~ucune.<br />

~e chez ties<br />

avocats <strong>et</strong> les partisans<br />

d'une <strong>et</strong>hnie persécutée.<br />

Comme le FLN dans la<br />

guerre d'Indépendance <strong>de</strong><br />

l'Algérie, comme l'IRA luttan~<br />

pour l'unité irlandaise,<br />

le PKK recourt au terrorisme.<br />

Question: aurait-il à<br />

le faire si Ankara pratiquait<br />

à l'endroit <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s une<br />

politique autre que celle du<br />

feu <strong>et</strong> du sang?<br />

A la merci d'une armée<br />

décidée à en découdre par<br />

les armes, le Gouvernement<br />

turc couvre massacres, tueries<br />

<strong>et</strong> torture. Viendrait-il à<br />

s'en distancer pour emprunter<br />

l'étroit sentier d'une négociation<br />

éventtJelle qu'il seràlt<br />

sous la mence d'un coup<br />

d'Etat militaire. Ainsi, on<br />

rencontre <strong>de</strong>s politiciens <strong>et</strong><br />

<strong>de</strong>s diplomates turcs qui ne<br />

sont <strong>de</strong> loin pas <strong>de</strong>s barbares<br />

<strong>et</strong>. qui justifient l'injustifiable<br />

sans l'ombre<br />

d'une réserve; collUnft.avant<br />

eux, <strong>de</strong>s Français, <strong>de</strong>s<br />

Blancs d'Afrique du Sud <strong>et</strong><br />

<strong>de</strong>s Israéliens. Et - comme<br />

l'Algérie prétendument française,<br />

l'apartheid ou les territoires<br />

conquis par Israël au<br />

détriment <strong>de</strong> leurs légitimes<br />

habitants - il se trouve <strong>de</strong>s<br />

Suisses pour se faire les<br />

complices <strong>de</strong>s tyrans. «Le<br />

marché n'a ni conscience ni<br />

miséricor<strong>de</strong>», a écrit Octavio<br />

Paz, cité tout récemment à<br />

la télévision française par<br />

l'ancien nùnistre communiste<br />

Jack Ralite.<br />

n ne s'étonnera pas que<br />

O les marchands suisses<br />

intéressés à vendre ou à investir<br />

en 'furquie illustrent<br />

le plus souvent c<strong>et</strong> apho-;<br />

risme. Plus surprenante est,<br />

en revanche, l'attitu<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />

fonctionnaires fédéraux à<br />

genoux <strong>de</strong>vant la montée en<br />

puissance <strong>de</strong> la 'furquie au<br />

point d'en perdre toute lucidité.<br />

Faut-il leur apprendre<br />

qu'il n'y a <strong>de</strong> grand Etat que<br />

celui ayant gagné le respect<br />

<strong>de</strong> la communauté internationale<br />

par la façon dont il a<br />

trouvé une solution à ses<br />

problèmes <strong>de</strong> minorités? Ce<br />

rayonnement manque totalement<br />

à Ankara, où le pouvoir<br />

a opté pour la force sans<br />

le droit. Interdire purement<br />

<strong>et</strong> simplement le PKK en<br />

Suisse aurait fait le jeu <strong>de</strong> la<br />

'furquie sans avoir la certitu<strong>de</strong><br />

d'une efficacité à tous<br />

crins. La Suisse - qui sait à<br />

quoi s'en tenir <strong>de</strong>puis la fusilla<strong>de</strong><br />

<strong>de</strong>vant l'ambassa<strong>de</strong><br />

turque à Berne <strong>et</strong> n'a plus à<br />

Ankara d'ambassa<strong>de</strong>ur -<br />

n'a pas à faire <strong>de</strong>s ca<strong>de</strong>aux<br />

aux Turcs. C'est au PKK <strong>de</strong><br />

se comporter sur le sol <strong>de</strong> la<br />

Confédération <strong>de</strong> telle sorte<br />

que l'on n'ait pas recours à<br />

l'interdiction. TI se sait en<br />

sursis <strong>et</strong> sous surveillance.<br />

En faisant preuve <strong>de</strong> beaucoup<br />

<strong>de</strong> r<strong>et</strong>enue, il regagnerait<br />

la confiance que ses<br />

crimes ont érodée chez les<br />

anùs qu'il compte en Suisse.<br />

F.G.o<br />

85


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA çAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA.DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

Yvan Tellier<br />

entre <strong>de</strong>ux voyages<br />

Le Kurdistan en bus <strong>et</strong> en auto-stop'<br />

Ouest - France - 15 décembre 1993<br />

Lors d'une conférence à la<br />

culture .. C<strong>et</strong>te rég.ion, le jeune<br />

cantine, Yvan Tellier a présenté<br />

ses diapositives <strong>et</strong> li-<br />

en auto-stop, <strong>et</strong> c'est mieux pour<br />

aventurier l'a traversée en bus <strong>et</strong><br />

vré ses impressions sur le<br />

être plus proche <strong>de</strong>s gens ... Plus<br />

'peuple kur<strong>de</strong>. Témoignag.,.<br />

...<br />

.-proche pour ne plus fermer les<br />

proche pour comprendre. pius<br />

yeux.<br />

Ylian Tellier ést reparti chez<br />

. ses amis kur<strong>de</strong>s. Non pas en<br />

Curieux <strong>de</strong> tout, Yvan Tellier a<br />

visité le Moyen-Orient. S'intéressant<br />

plus particulièrement aux<br />

simple touriste, mais. pour mener<br />

une enquête économique. A son<br />

Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>et</strong> forts <strong>de</strong> 25 millions<br />

r<strong>et</strong>ollr, Il ne manquera pas d'animer<br />

<strong>de</strong>s débats <strong>et</strong> d'écrire à nou-<br />

d'âmes, les Kur<strong>de</strong>s constituent<br />

sans doute le plus grand peuple<br />

veau <strong>de</strong>s p<strong>et</strong>itS. articles sur sa'<br />

<strong>de</strong> la terre qui soit privé d'État ...<br />

démarche.<br />

Impossible <strong>de</strong> montrer du doigt le<br />

'Kurdistan, pays sans frontière, • Club <strong>de</strong>s ainés ruraux<br />

sur une .mappemon<strong>de</strong> <strong>et</strong> le peup!ement<br />

kur<strong>de</strong> s'étale sur une su. d'année, la réunion mensuelle<br />

En raison <strong>de</strong>S fêtes d~ fin<br />

perflcle d'environ 500000 km carrés<br />

à cheval sur trois pays: la mercredi 22, à 14 h, à la cantine.<br />

aura lieu exceptionnellement le<br />

Turquie, l'Iran <strong>et</strong> l'Irak ...<br />

Aux intéressés qui souhaitent recevoir<br />

la revue " Les r<strong>et</strong>raités au<br />

Yvan. Tellier raconte les hommes<br />

dans leur quotidien, leurs village", il sera réclamé 30 F.<br />

coutumes selon le pays qu'ils habitent.<br />

Ils parlent <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s à <strong>de</strong> Noël viendra agrémenter le<br />

Comme chaque année, la bOche<br />

travers l'histoire <strong>et</strong> présente leur goOter.<br />

Yvan Tellier le montre sur la' carte. le Kurdistan est icI<br />

LE COURRIER - 16 décembre 1993 LA CROIX -15 décembre 1993<br />

SOlIDARITÉ<br />

Des Genevois se mobilisent<br />

pour défendre les Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

Des Genevois lancent un appel pour faire pression sur<br />

l'Etat turc afin qu!i1respecte les droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme.<br />

Le 12 décembre <strong>de</strong>rnier, la Genevoise<br />

Josiane Hausser, mandatée par le<br />

Parti socialiste suisse pour suivre<br />

l'évolution <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme en<br />

Turquie, a appris qu'un grand noinbre<br />

<strong>de</strong> journalistes avaient été arrêtés par<br />

la police <strong>de</strong>ux jours auparavant. Elle a<br />

reçu ce témoignage <strong>de</strong> la part <strong>de</strong> M.<br />

Ercan Kanar, vice-prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong> la Ligue<br />

<strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme <strong>de</strong> Turquie<br />

(IHD) <strong>et</strong> prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong> la section d'Istanbul.<br />

Il a communiqué à Mme Josiane<br />

Hausser que quatorze journalistes<br />

seraient actuellement torturés. La<br />

socialiste genevoise .<strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> ainsi<br />

que <strong>de</strong>s messages <strong>de</strong> protestation - <strong>et</strong><br />

<strong>de</strong> soutien envers ces journalistes détenus<br />

- soient envoyés par télécopie au<br />

ministre <strong>de</strong> la Justice M. Seyfi Oktay<br />

(312/418 64 85) <strong>et</strong> au ministre <strong>de</strong> la<br />

Culture M. Firki Saglar (téléphone<br />

312/3240322).<br />

De son côté, la délégation suisse <strong>de</strong><br />

l'Assemblée européenne <strong>de</strong>s citoyens<br />

(HCA) - <strong>de</strong> r<strong>et</strong>our d'Ankara où s'est<br />

tenue la troisième réunion <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te<br />

86<br />

organisation - <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> au Gouvernement<br />

turc <strong>de</strong> respecter les droits <strong>de</strong><br />

l'homme <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> garantir la sécurité <strong>de</strong>s<br />

associations œuvrant pour ces droits.<br />

Le HCA <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> également que le<br />

Parti démocratique <strong>et</strong> le PKK, tous<br />

<strong>de</strong>ux kur<strong>de</strong>s, soient légalisés, car ils<br />

représentent une partie importante <strong>de</strong><br />

la population kur<strong>de</strong>, <strong>et</strong> que <strong>de</strong> réelles<br />

négociations. soient entamées avec les<br />

associations kur<strong>de</strong>s. Le' Gouvernement<br />

suisse est également sollicité par<br />

la délégation helvétique afin «<strong>de</strong> tout<br />

m<strong>et</strong>tre en œuvre, sur son territoire <strong>et</strong><br />

dans ses rapports diplomatiques, pour<br />

inciter le Gouvernement turc à agir <strong>de</strong><br />

la sorte.» .<br />

L'association genevoise «Kurdistan<br />

indépendant» affirme en outre que<br />

plusieurs sympathisants du PKK <strong>de</strong><br />

Genève ont été renvoyés. C<strong>et</strong>te association<br />

a donc écrit au chef du Département<br />

<strong>de</strong> justice <strong>et</strong> police afin qu'il<br />

annule toute expulsion en cours.<br />

DENIS<br />

INKEI<br />

HISTOIRE (8)<br />

Le Ilambeau kur<strong>de</strong><br />

d'« ... Gulllel »<br />

• Le trIbun81 <strong>de</strong> .Or* <strong>de</strong> 1'~tIIt ciel éftnement. presque ml.<br />

cI'IaœIbuI I choisi Il dite du neure Il6z,orGun<strong>de</strong>m. Sept <strong>de</strong><br />

10 d6clem1n, )ourMe moncIIeIe III )oumallatea ont été ......<br />

.dia drolta <strong>de</strong> l'homme, pour .... en dix-huit mota.<br />

iporbtr un coup lU quo"dlen Le Journil, Il eat vrll, IIImente<br />

fa poI6mlque. All FIrat,<br />

'kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Ique.turque 6zg0r<br />

Gun<strong>de</strong>m. Le police JucIIcIeh I l'un <strong>de</strong> ... chronIqueurs, ne<br />

eII8ctu6 une perqul8ttlon cIIna eeraIt lutre qu'Abdullah Oe:.<br />

.... toc:aux du joumel Il lat8nboul,<br />

fan, le chef du PKIt Le 15 octo-<br />

plaçant 110 pII'IClftMIlQ ln, _l'un <strong>de</strong> ... M1ltor1aux,<br />

ger<strong>de</strong> IIWI. Des op6rdona IImllelrea<br />

ont 616 m.... Il lier-<br />

d''''' partiale. Daux Jours plus<br />

Il accu.. 1t Il pre... turque<br />

aln, A<strong>de</strong>ne <strong>et</strong> izmIr. D1mench1, tard, Il PKK Interdlaalt Il tout<br />

39 collibomeura du journel organe <strong>de</strong> pre...... ucep16 Oz.<br />

61a1ent encore d6tenus.<br />

gQr Gun<strong>de</strong>m, di travailler dana<br />

. C<strong>et</strong>te op6r<strong>et</strong>Ion .pectecul.lre le lUCklat clupay., place forte<br />

n'Iat pe. une .urprt... 6zg0r cie la 9'*'111.<br />

'Gun<strong>de</strong>meat <strong>de</strong>pul ... criatlon, .Le .... ie, lore cie la perqul.1-<br />

en avrll1992, au canIN <strong>de</strong> Iou- tlon du 10 décembre, d'une<br />

.tea le. peaslons, aymbole d'un vingtaine cie masqueall gaz <strong>et</strong><br />

activisme kur<strong>de</strong> ~rnoc,.IIqUe cie <strong>de</strong>ux pistol<strong>et</strong>s, I en1lernmé<br />

pour le. uns, face légale d'un la presse lurque. Mal. le quotl.<br />

mouvement terroriste, le PKK dien a reçu <strong>de</strong>s soutlena <strong>de</strong><br />

(Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du Kur. poIda : ceux di Yasar Kemll, le<br />

.dl.tan) pour les autres. romancier lurc le plu. popu-<br />

Ya.lr KIYI, proprt6talre du .lllre, QU cie Necm<strong>et</strong>tln Erbakin,<br />

Journ'I, I été libéré le 7 déc:embra<br />

le prInclpalleacler I.laml.te. Le<br />

après un mol. <strong>et</strong> cleml <strong>de</strong> Journil <strong>de</strong>vllt r<strong>et</strong>rouver Il<br />

prlaon pour Ivolr tenu un discours<br />

piece dans lea kIoaquea mardi<br />

Jugé séparatiste en Irak matin.<br />

du Nord.<br />

InculpatIon., .al.lls, sont<br />

Clau<strong>de</strong> ORTACQ<br />

(A Istanbul)


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRffi','iA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

Turkish Probe December 16, 1993<br />

17<br />

Human Bights Diary<br />

The Ankara State Security Court (DGM) sentences<br />

journalist-author Haluk Gerger to a one year<br />

and eight month prison term and fines him TL 208<br />

million on the grounds that he has spread separatist<br />

propaganda, violating Article 8 of the Anti-Terrorism<br />

law.<br />

(TON, Dec. 10)<br />

The Ankara DGM files a case against Human<br />

Rights Association (IHD) Chairman Akm Birdal,<br />

Contemporary Jurists' Association Executive Board<br />

Member lawyer Ali Ylldlrlm, Dr. Alpaslan Berktay<br />

(one of the foun<strong>de</strong>rs of the IHD), former <strong>de</strong>puty<br />

Hüsnü OkçuoQlu and writer-journalist Yalçm Küçük<br />

because of their speeches on the 44th anniversary<br />

of the Human Rights Declaration. They will be tried<br />

for disseminating propaganda against the nation's<br />

sovereignty.<br />

(Newspapers, Dec. 10)<br />

Journalist members of human rights group Amnesty<br />

International stage a <strong>de</strong>monstration outsi<strong>de</strong><br />

the Turkish Embassy in London to protest the <strong>de</strong>aths<br />

of media colleagues in Turkey. About 20 <strong>de</strong>monstrators<br />

from Amnesty's Journalists' N<strong>et</strong>work<br />

hand in a p<strong>et</strong>ition with 300 signatures <strong>de</strong>manding<br />

an inquiry into the cases of at least 12 reporters and<br />

newspaper distributors missing or killed in Turkey<br />

over the past year.<br />

(Newspapers, Dec. 11)<br />

The Kurdish rebellion in the Southeast has led to<br />

"appalling" human rights abuses in Turkey in 1993,<br />

according to a Human Rights Watch world report. It<br />

says that security forces have shot and killed civilians<br />

in house raids and used torture as an interrogation<br />

technique. "The government has chosen to <strong>de</strong>al<br />

with these problems by shooting and killing suspected<br />

members of extremist groups in violation of<br />

international agreements and standards. A large<br />

number of suspects have been killed in raids <strong>de</strong>scribed<br />

as shootouts by authorities but in which security<br />

forces are rarely killed or woun<strong>de</strong>d, creating a<br />

strong presumption that the suspects were <strong>de</strong>liberately<br />

executed," it says.• Contrary to international agreements,<br />

38 <strong>de</strong>monstrators sympath<strong>et</strong>ic to the<br />

Kurdish rebellion were shot by police in four cities in<br />

southeast Turkey," it claims.<br />

(TON, Dec. 11)<br />

Hayr<strong>et</strong>tin Ylldlz, 38, an elementary school teacher<br />

in the Çarlkll village of the southeastern province of<br />

Diyarba~r, is mur<strong>de</strong>red by an as y<strong>et</strong> uni<strong>de</strong>ntified<br />

assailant in the city center.<br />

(Newspapers, Dec. 11)<br />

On the 45th anniversary of the universal <strong>de</strong>claration<br />

of human rights (Dec. 10), Sabri Yavuz, the head of<br />

Parliament's Human Rights Commission, says it is<br />

not possible to paint a rosy picture regarding human<br />

rights in Turkey. The Union of the Turkish Bar Associations<br />

(TIB) says that the fact that capital punishment<br />

has again been put on Turkey's agenda is clear<br />

evi<strong>de</strong>nce of the lack of respect for human rights.<br />

(Newspapers. Dec. 11)<br />

Turkish police acting on or<strong>de</strong>rs from the DGM, raid<br />

the pro-Kurdish daily Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m, <strong>de</strong>taining employees<br />

in various cities. A total of 107 Özgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m<br />

employees are <strong>de</strong>tained in Istanbul alone on Friday.<br />

Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m offices in Izmir, Adana, Mersin<br />

and Batman are rai<strong>de</strong>d on Saturday, its Diyarbakir<br />

office on Thursday. A DGM statement claims that<br />

PKK members captured by security forces have testified<br />

that the newspaper's employees maintain organizationallinks<br />

with it. Strong reaction against the operation<br />

emerges. The International Fe<strong>de</strong>ration of Journalists<br />

(IFJ) issues a strongly-wor<strong>de</strong>d con<strong>de</strong>mnation<br />

Saturday. It says it sees the banning of the Turkish<br />

newspaper as part of a general increase in attacks on<br />

freedom of expression by all si<strong>de</strong>s in the Kurdish<br />

conflict. "Violations have inclu<strong>de</strong>d the killing of journalists,<br />

newspaper vendors and media workers and<br />

the expulsion of the media from the southeast of the<br />

country," it says. Meanwhile, Mustafa Ekmekçi, presi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />

of the Contemporary Journalists' Association<br />

(CGD), and Necmi Tanyolaç, presi<strong>de</strong>nt of the Turkish<br />

Association of Journalists, Turkey's Press Council<br />

Chairman Oktay Ek!iiiand Turkey's Human Rights<br />

Association (IHD) all <strong>de</strong>nounce the action.<br />

(Newspapers, Dec. 11-12)<br />

A group of PKK terrorists gun down 13 peasant<br />

men, women and children in the houses of two civil<br />

<strong>de</strong>fense guards in Agaçkonak village of the southeastern<br />

province of Adlyaman.<br />

(Newspapers. Dec. 14)<br />

Police arrest two television journalists on charges<br />

of broadcasting material that encouraged Turks to<br />

eva<strong>de</strong> military service. Erhan Akyildlz, 46, a news<br />

producer, and Ali Tevfik Berber, 34, a journalist, are<br />

called into Istanbul police headquarters for questioning.<br />

Both men work at the Istanbul-based private television<br />

station HBB and last week they broadcast<br />

a TV program on draft dodgers and <strong>de</strong>serters from<br />

the army. Akkaya says the two will be tried in a<br />

military court and could each face a sentence of<br />

two months to two years imprisonment if found<br />

guilty.<br />

(Newspapers, Dec. 14)<br />

87


REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVlEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RNISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />

turkish daily news - 16 décembre 1993<br />

terrorism leads<br />

Türke~ says MHP vote over 10%, offices<br />

Fonner MHP members win administrative posts in DYP, ANAP,<br />

crescent-star necklace 'in thing' in Turkish high soci<strong>et</strong>y<br />

MHP gesture 'wolf salute' spreads like wildfire throughout<br />

country, even in military aca<strong>de</strong>mies<br />

Following TV <strong>de</strong>bate b<strong>et</strong>ween Türke~ and DEP' s Orhan Dogan,<br />

public interest in Türke~ reported growing<br />

By Hayri<br />

Birler<br />

Turkish Daily News'<br />

ANKARA- A striking <strong>de</strong>velopment has occurred<br />

throughout Turkey in the past five to six months that'<br />

has affected all se~ments of soci<strong>et</strong>y. A political<br />

movement, which, tnough dating back to 1944, did<br />

not have any significant impact until recently, has<br />

started ~rawing great public attention and enjoyed<br />

growth on an unprece<strong>de</strong>nted scale.<br />

Public opinion polls indicate that the Nationalist<br />

Movement Party. the political representative of the<br />

movement whose voter support had never excee<strong>de</strong>d 4<br />

percent, now enjoys 8 to 9 percent voter support.<br />

Bizim Ocak (Our Hearth), a youth orgamzation that<br />

shares the same political i<strong>de</strong>as as the MHP, now has.<br />

over 800 frovincial offices throughout the country.<br />

The "wol salute," a oesture favored by the MHP<br />

youth - dubbed "ï'<strong>de</strong>aFists/ulkuculer" - by the public,<br />

is reported to be spreading like wildfire through<br />

schools. Reports that military stu<strong>de</strong>nts have started<br />

"wolf-saluting" are not disclaimed by military officials.<br />

The CUITentsympathy and interest has acquired<br />

such proportions that' crescent and star" necklaces - .<br />

Turkish symbols - have become the "in" thing<br />

amon!! members of Turkish high soci<strong>et</strong>y, which in the<br />

'past refused to si<strong>de</strong> with any extremist political creed<br />

.whatever.<br />

. This sud<strong>de</strong>n display of interest in the movement is<br />

bein~ witnessed in other parties of the right as well. A<br />

numtler' of key positions both in the senior coalition<br />

. partner True Path Party (DYP) and main opposition<br />

Motherland Party (ANAP) are occupied by people<br />

who served as MHP members prior to the coup of<br />

Sept. 12, 1980.<br />

"Our staff is so large that we help out.other parties,<br />

too," jokes MHP Chanman Alparslan Türke~.<br />

Commenting on the reflectIOn of such interest on<br />

Turkish bureaucrac~, MHP Deputy Chairman Rlza<br />

Müftüoglu says his party has fully pen<strong>et</strong>rated bureaucracy.<br />

"Formerly, when our party served as a coalition<br />

. partner, we had to search for party members to<br />

88<br />

appoint to posts at ininistries. Now there are so many<br />

of them that we now have to pick out those with b<strong>et</strong>ter<br />

qualifications among th~m. Those days are over."<br />

. . Analysts agree that thiS sud<strong>de</strong>n. unprece<strong>de</strong>nted<br />

mterest in the MHP and Türke~ stems from the. fact<br />

that "terrorist activity by the outlawed Kurdistan<br />

Workers' Party (PKK) leads to the j"mp's-growth."<br />

Growing interest<br />

following TV program<br />

Increasing terrorist activity by the PKK in the<br />

Southeast has been feeding anti-Kurdish sentiment in<br />

other parts of the country. .<br />

Especially in the Black Sea and Thrace regions,<br />

campaigns have been started against Kurds to prevent<br />

their employment and s<strong>et</strong>tlement there. Turkish<br />

nationalism is on the rise. Such <strong>de</strong>velopments manif~sted<br />

!hemselves most conspicuously followinß a<br />

discussIOn on Nov. 11 b<strong>et</strong>ween MHP lea<strong>de</strong>r TürKe~<br />

and Orhan Dogan, a <strong>de</strong>puty of the pro-Kurdish<br />

Democracy Party (DEP) on a public affairs program<br />

broadcast on TV. ~.<br />

Türke~ showed Dogan, who refused to <strong>de</strong>nounce<br />

the PKK as a terrorist organization, pictures of three-<br />

. month-old babies mur<strong>de</strong>red by the PKK. "How can a.<br />

human bein& massacre these babies?" asked Türke~,<br />

adding out lOud, "We are not going to allow this<br />

nation to be divi<strong>de</strong>d."<br />

The majority of those that watched Türkq th"it<br />

night started backing him, the foremost proponent of<br />

Turkish nationalism. Türkq' speech was applau<strong>de</strong>d<br />

even by those that did not back him. Such approval<br />

has led people that are not MHP members to probe<br />

into suc;h large-scale support for the MHP.<br />

Prime Minister Tansu Çiller immediately or<strong>de</strong>red a<br />

public opinion poll. It revealed that 68 percent of the<br />

masses believed that Turks should rise up against<br />

Kurds. In other words, two- thirds of the people<br />

believed that the Kurdish question must be sorved by<br />

means of harsh measures and that the persan they<br />

believed. capable of doing so was MHP lea<strong>de</strong>r


to<br />

grovvth<br />

of Turkic association exceeds 800<br />

Alpaslan Türke~. It was clear that the nationalist séntiment,<br />

free from state control, was \'eering towards<br />

the MHP. A conspicuous manifestation of which was<br />

at the funeral ceremonies of those killed by the PKK. .<br />

At one point, things seemed to have gallen out of<br />

hand when the people of Erzurum started moving<br />

towards the Kurdish-dominated section of the city.<br />

When security forces proved insufficient, authorities<br />

had to ask the MHP provincial organization for help.<br />

It was MHP officials that finally stopped the angry<br />

crowd.<br />

How large has the<br />

MHP grown?<br />

In the !!eneral elections of 1989, just before the<br />

PKK stepped up its terrorist campaign, the MHP °arnered<br />

4.5 percent of the vote. Before th~ gener~1 elections<br />

of 1991, the party formed an alliance wIth the<br />

Welfare Party (RP) and Reformist Democracy Party<br />

(IDP). This prevents an accurate numerical estImation<br />

of its vote.,rhe a.lliance won 16.8 pe,rcent?f lhe vole.<br />

MHP \lfficlals saId 7 percent was the MHP s.<br />

rhe MHP administration commissioned a public<br />

opinion poll in November. The results revealed that<br />

tlie MHP would<br />

eoarner 6.66 of the vote. About at the<br />

same time, another poll conduct~d by the Yeni<br />

Dü~ünce newspaper saId the MHP enJ?yed an \ I percent<br />

support, excludino the KurdIsh-domInated<br />

Southeast. However, pofIs conducted after the TV<br />

program have indicated a great increase in the support<br />

for the party. Accordin!! to such polls. 18 percent of<br />

Turkish voters now say they wi~1 vo~e .for .~he MHP.<br />

The percentage of those that beheve It IS Turke~ who<br />

can put an end to PKK terrorism is as hi!!h as 31.<br />

Asked his estimate, Türke~ says he expects a "little<br />

over 10 percent,"<br />

"That means we won't have to fonn a temporary<br />

alliance with any other party to break throu!!h the 10<br />

percent barrier erected before us by the election law,"<br />

he adds.<br />

Türke~ believes that the Grand Union Party (BBP),<br />

formed by seven breakaway MHP <strong>de</strong>puties, wiII not<br />

manage to "stea\'" votes from his MHP.<br />

"Because basicall~ they are all by themselves. The<br />

provincial organizatIOns they s<strong>et</strong> up afterwards have<br />

already started uniting with us," he says.<br />

Another striking example indicating MHP growth<br />

is the sud<strong>de</strong>n interest Turkish businessmen have<br />

recently <strong>de</strong>veloped in the MHP lea<strong>de</strong>r. At a number<br />

of me<strong>et</strong>ings, wealthy<br />

ed Türke~ for such<br />

business tycoons have appl~ud-<br />

statements as the follOWIng:<br />

''Turkey is suffering problems relating to education,<br />

Türke~ says staff so large MHP even helps out other parties, Deputy Chairman<br />

Müftüoglu argues their cadres fully in control in Turkish bureaucracy<br />

89


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REvzEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RMSTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

healtli, housing. income dIstribution is inequitable.<br />

The foreign tra<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ficit is $13.5 billion .<br />

. The current account <strong>de</strong>ficit is $5 billion. Its forei~n<br />

<strong>de</strong>bt is $50 billion. The domestic <strong>de</strong>bt is now Tl 245<br />

trillion. The budg<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>ficit is TL 122 trillion, to percent<br />

of the national income. The <strong>de</strong>ficit of the State<br />

Economic Enterprises (KITs) is in excess of TL 81<br />

trillion. The Public Sector Borrowing Requirement-<br />

Gross National Product (PSBRlGNP) ratIO is 16.3<br />

percent. In. addition to all these, southeast Anatolia is<br />

m flames. No country in the world can improve its<br />

economy while there is a war going on. Therefore,<br />

Turkey must give priority to wiping out PKK terrorism."<br />

MHP-origin people in<br />

other parties<br />

In addition to the MHP. former MHP members<br />

now in such political parties of the Turkish right as<br />

the ANAP and DYP have risen to prominence as<br />

well.<br />

The un<strong>de</strong>rlying reason for Mesut Yllmaz's victory<br />

at the ANAP convention of 1991. won .Qespite opposition<br />

from the late Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Turgut Ozal, was the<br />

backing of former MHP officials that had become<br />

ANAP members.<br />

Agah Oktay Güner, MHP <strong>de</strong>puty chairman before<br />

the military takeover of 1980, is now a member of the<br />

ANAP central administration. Ya~ar Okuyan, former<br />

MHP dçputy secr<strong>et</strong>ary- general and former presi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />

of the "Ulkücü" Journalists' Association, is not only a<br />

member of the ANAP administration now, he is also<br />

the right-hand man of ANAP lea<strong>de</strong>r Ylimaz. ANAP<br />

Deputies<br />

Kayalar,<br />

Burhan<br />

Alpaslan<br />

Kara, Mustafa Tas.~r, Lütfullah<br />

Pehlivanli, Halil Ozsoy, Murat<br />

Ba~esgioglu. and Halit Dumankaya are known for the<br />

close relationship they maintain with the MHP. They'<br />

are referred to as members of the "nationalist flank'<br />

in theANAP.<br />

DYP's<br />

De<strong>de</strong>lek,<br />

Baki Tug. Vey,sel Atasoy, lbrahim Ya~ar<br />

Ayvaz Gök<strong>de</strong>mlr, Sadlk Avundukluoglu are<br />

also known for their close relations with the ~MHP.<br />

De<strong>de</strong>lek, a former MHP provincial chairman, for<br />

instance, was appointed a <strong>de</strong>puty chairman responsi:<br />

ble for the party's youth organization.<br />

Speaking<br />

ular remart<br />

of his old friends, Türke~. <strong>de</strong>spite his joc-<br />

that the MHP helps out other parties as<br />

well thanks to its large staff. says they cannot be<br />

looked upon as MHP members any longer.<br />

"Those employed by other pohtical parties are not<br />

MHP members any longer. They are not 'ülkücü.'<br />

either. I do not regard them as such. Neither should<br />

anyone.<br />

They do not maintain any relations with our party<br />

at all. They are people who have opted for the plalform<br />

of the parties that they belong to and have complied<br />

with their particular regulations," he argues.<br />

MHP Deputy Chai.rm~n Rlza Müftiioglu goes one<br />

step further and mamtmns that the parties that former<br />

MHP members join use them for wmdow-dressing for<br />

a while. but that whep they come .to realize t~at they<br />

cannot sway the views ofMHP<br />

draw them to the back benches.<br />

supporters, they with-<br />

Children of the rich and<br />

high soci<strong>et</strong>y<br />

Those whose nationalist sentiments have been<br />

a~vakene~ by P~K terrorism are not limited to politicians.<br />

HIgh soci<strong>et</strong>y women and the children of the<br />

Turkish nch, who have traditionally refused to align<br />

Tarkan (L). pop singer cum nationalist, sporting a<br />

moustache the downward ends of which b<strong>et</strong>ray his<br />

syrrypathy for the "ülkücü" cause, seen with a high<br />

soci<strong>et</strong>y female wearing the now ubiquitous crescentand-star<br />

necklace. .<br />

themselves with politicians, have <strong>de</strong>veloped an<br />

unprece<strong>de</strong>nted interest in the MHP.<br />

For instance, Bizim Ocak, an association sympath<strong>et</strong>ic<br />

to the "ulkucu" cause, have staged a strikmg<br />

performance for the past year, increasmg its branch<br />

offIces up to over 800 in 73 provinces out of 76.<br />

~hil~ businessmen contribute financially to the orgamzalton,<br />

the children of the rich join up and receIve<br />

training un<strong>de</strong>r banners <strong>de</strong>picting the "wolf and the<br />

crescent .." Pan-Turkic symbols.<br />

Azml Karamahmuto~lu, the presi<strong>de</strong>nt of the<br />

European si<strong>de</strong> of Istanbul s Bizim Ocak Association,<br />

says rich youths me<strong>et</strong> all expenses now.<br />

".Formerly, we found grassroots support only in<br />

penpheral areas in the city. The districts of the rich<br />

were sort of off-limits to us. But now we're opening<br />

hrandll" in di,tr'ich \\ hl'rl' ril'h pl't)l'k li\,' rccau,è<br />

rich youths themselves come up to us and ask us to<br />

open branches in their districts,' he reveals. Tarkan a<br />

young pop singer, for instance. has grown a mo~stache<br />

witn ends pointed downwards in true Pan-<br />

Turkic fashion. He wears a "crescent-star" necklace<br />

as well. The ::.cr~sce.nt a~d the s~ar" ~as sud<strong>de</strong>nly<br />

beco.me th~ 1ß thlßg In TurkIsh high soci<strong>et</strong>y.<br />

FashIOn <strong>de</strong>Signers, eager to exploit the stron~ anti- '<br />

PKK and nationalist sentiment. have talked \\'orld-<br />

~lass top mo~els visiting Turkey ~nto posing with<br />

crescent-star necklaces around theIr necks.<br />

Rachel Hunter, wife of the famous rock sinl1er Rod<br />

Stewart, for instance, wore the crescent and the star<br />

during a photo session. for bikinis ma<strong>de</strong> by a Turkish<br />

firm. Asked to offer hIS comments on this new fashion<br />

in Turkish high soci<strong>et</strong>y, MHP Chairman Alpaslan<br />

Tü.~ke~laul1hs me~Tily and then adds:<br />

. Yes, a!Fthese mdl.cate that a strong public reaction<br />

eXISts agamst separallst acts of terrorism."<br />

To conclu<strong>de</strong>, acts of terrorism l1radually intensitied<br />

by the PKK have finally awakened the dormant<br />

nationalist sent.iment in the Turkish population of the<br />

.country~ a sentlmentthat was always there but which<br />

Turks dl~ not <strong>de</strong>em necessary to wake up. As a result<br />

of.the fatl.ure ~f the state to stop terrorism. the awake~lßg<br />

natIOnalist sentiment has started sympathizing<br />

With the MHP. In short. the PKK has ad<strong>de</strong>d to the<br />

strength of the l\mp.<br />

90


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA<br />

STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

Democracy Party's<br />

newly-elected chairman<br />

Diele <strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong>s to remain silent<br />

With this <strong>de</strong>cision, Diele reportedly aims to obstruct resignations from his party<br />

Parliament Speaker Cindoruk postpones visiting DEP in<strong>de</strong>finitely<br />

TDN Parliament Bureau<br />

ANKARA- The -Democracy Party's<br />

(DEP) newly-elected chairman, Hatip Dicie,<br />

who has m<strong>et</strong> with adverse reaction<br />

both from his party and the nation because<br />

of his pro-PKK (o~tla':Ved Kurdistan<br />

Workers Party orpamlatlOn) speech<br />

<strong>de</strong>livered at his party s first emergency<br />

convention last Sunday, <strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong>d Wednesday<br />

to remain silent and not to make a<br />

statement.<br />

:While Dicle claimed thatthe press had<br />

misled the p~blic by distorting his<br />

speeches and thiS was why he had <strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong>d<br />

not to make a statement some DEP<br />

<strong>de</strong>puties expressed the vie~ that Dicle<br />

~as trying to prevent resignations from<br />

hiS party due to the negative impact of his<br />

speech on the DEP rank and tile,<br />

In a statement to the TDN Dicle<br />

claimed that his party had had a ~agnificent<br />

convention, however some of the<br />

media had tried to cast a shadow over<br />

it. He said thatthe message given by the<br />

convention was one of peace and brotherhood.<br />

He al,leged that some circles were<br />

thre~tel1lng tne DEP's integrity, Dicle<br />

contmued that <strong>de</strong>p~ties or party spokesmen<br />

selected by him and hiS colleagues<br />

would make statements on behalf at the<br />

party.<br />

He s,aid thatthe accusation that he had<br />

acted lIke, someone ~hanting war cries<br />

w~s an unjust accusation. A DEP <strong>de</strong>puty<br />

said that hardly any of lhe DEP <strong>de</strong>puties<br />

had approved of the speech ma<strong>de</strong> by DicI~<br />

at ,the, conv~~tion. The same <strong>de</strong>puty<br />

SaId ,Dlcle s <strong>de</strong>CISIOnto remain silent after<br />

makmg a speech cancernin" the PKK<br />

was of no meaning now. b<br />

He ~ai~ since Dicle's speech had led to<br />

turmOlIm the party, Dicle had <strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong>d<br />

not to m,ake a statement in or<strong>de</strong>r to preve~t<br />

the ,mtraparty crisis from turning lßto<br />

resignatIOns from the party. Parliament<br />

Speaker, Hüsameuin Cindoruk, who<br />

meels wllh the lea<strong>de</strong>rs of those political<br />

parti,es that are represented in Parliament<br />

to dISCU~S,parliamenlary, activities, postpon~d<br />

Vlslt.lng DEP Chairman Hatip Dicie<br />

md~fil1ltely, because of Dicle's controversJa,1<br />

spee~h at the convention. Cindoruk<br />

said he did not agree with Dicle on<br />

his ~efinition of a po!itical party,<br />

Cmdoruk emphaSIZed that a political<br />

party cannot have militia and that a terrorist<br />

organization cannol be consi<strong>de</strong>red a<br />

party.<br />

During his speech at the convention<br />

Dicle claimed that the PKK was not a ter~<br />

rorist organization but a political party,<br />

and that the military wing of the PKK<br />

could serve as a local <strong>de</strong>fense unit in the<br />

ev~nt of peace prevailing. He also<br />

clamled thatthe Kurdish mailer could not<br />

be solved without the PKK.<br />

On, Wednesday, Cindoruk visited Democrat~c<br />

Left Party (DSP) Chairman Bülent<br />

EcevIl and Reformist Democracy Party<br />

(ID~) lea<strong>de</strong>r Aykut Edibali with regard to<br />

parliamentary activities,<br />

Bomb blast wounds at<br />

least 10 people inAdana<br />

Turkish Daily News<br />

ANKARA- At least 10 people were woun<strong>de</strong>d following<br />

an explosion at a coffee house in the southern port city of<br />

Adana on Wednesday,. the Anatolia.n~ws agency reported.<br />

The news agency SaId one of the lßJured was apoliceman<br />

and that the blast occurred after three uni<strong>de</strong>ntified people<br />

l~ft a parcel un<strong>de</strong>r a table insi<strong>de</strong>. Witnesses said the explosIOn,occurred<br />

about an hour after the group left the building<br />

..föitial reports said one of the victims was 15'years old<br />

and had lost both legs in the explosion: .<br />

Other victims were b<strong>et</strong>ween the ages of 14 and 16. No<br />

one has claimed responsibility for the attack.<br />

In two separate explosions in the Southeast, meanwhile,<br />

five people died and seven others were injured.<br />

Local officials said that a village minibus travelling near<br />

the town of Eruh in Siirt province hit a land mine. Three<br />

people were killed in that explosion.<br />

In the Ancak district of Elazlg, another village minibus<br />

bit a land mine leaving two people <strong>de</strong>ad and seven others<br />

woun<strong>de</strong>d. Officials suspect tfiat the mines were planted by<br />

the outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) which has<br />

been waging a violent war on Ankara since 1984. More<br />

than Il,000 people have been killed in this campaign.<br />

Police arrest Kurdish<br />

politician in Istanbul<br />

Two journalists placed ill prisOll<br />

Turkish Daily News<br />

I~~~NBUL-Police in Istanbul arrested a senior Kurdish<br />

polItICIan on Tuesday, and a court on Wednesday placed<br />

t~o television newsmen into prison. The two cases were<br />

lInked to the ~urdish dispute in southeast Turkey.<br />

!he Ana!olIan news agency, quoting secunty officials,<br />

saId the polIce had arrested Ibrahim Aksoy secr<strong>et</strong>ary-general<br />

of the pro-Kurd}sh Democracy Party' (DEP), for two<br />

speeches lie ma<strong>de</strong> In Konya and Adana cities earlier this<br />

year.<br />

It was not imm~di~tely clear what charges he faced. The<br />

DEP has 17 <strong>de</strong>puties In the 450-member nationallegislature.<br />

In a separate rep?rt! Anatolia said on Wednesday that froducer<br />

Erhan :\~yI!dlz and reporter Ali Tevfik Berber 0 the<br />

popular teleVISIon news program "Antenna" had been arrested<br />

and sent to prison.<br />

The t~~ were <strong>de</strong>tained on Tuesday for spreading propaganqa<br />

aImlßg to turn the people against compulsory military<br />

se~lce. Akylldlz and Berber are to be tried at a chief of staff<br />

ffillIt~ court while Aksoy is expected to appear at a state<br />

secunty court.<br />

91


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

Ankara claims Human Rights Watch report on Turkey biased<br />

Foreign Ministry criticizes the report for labeling PKK as a fighting si<strong>de</strong> instead of terrorist organization<br />

Turkish Daily News<br />

ANKARA- Turkey accused the Human Rights<br />

Watch's 1993 annual report on Turkey of being<br />

biased and attempting to "give PKK legitimacy<br />

by branding it as a fighting si<strong>de</strong>, rather than a terrorist<br />

organization."<br />

Foreign Ministry Acting spokesman Ferhat<br />

Ataman said in his weekly press conference<br />

Wednesday that the. report was inspired by the<br />

Helsinki Watch reports which held certain prejudices<br />

against Turkey.<br />

Ataman also accused the report of ignoring the<br />

existence of terrorism in the country.<br />

"The outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party<br />

(PKK) is labeled a fighting si<strong>de</strong> instead of a terrorist<br />

or~anization which tnes to give PKK legitimation<br />

In the international platform. The Umted<br />

States, France, Germany accept the PKK as a terrorist<br />

organization. The PKK activities in Germany<br />

and France are actively hampered and there<br />

are movements in other European countries for<br />

taking measures," he said.<br />

"Meanwhile, it is amazing that they are against<br />

the CMUK, which is consi<strong>de</strong>red as a reform proposal<br />

and inclu<strong>de</strong>s articles that are against torture<br />

and custody periods which were accepted by European<br />

Human Rights Commission," he ad<strong>de</strong>d.<br />

•<br />

FRA0184 4 I 0221 TUR IAFP-TK74<br />

Turquie-Kur<strong>de</strong>s-Syrie<br />

Arrestation en Syrie du chef du PKK, selon la presse turque<br />

ANKARA, 16 déc (AFP) - Le chef du Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du Kurdistan<br />

(PKK, séparatiste), Abdullah Ocalan dit "Apo" qui rési<strong>de</strong> généralement è Damas,<br />

a été arrêté par les autorités syriennes, affirme la presse turque <strong>de</strong> jeudi.<br />

L'arrestation du chef <strong>de</strong> la rebellion kur<strong>de</strong> en lutte armée contre Ankara<br />

<strong>de</strong>puis 1984 aurait eu lieu sur ot~dre du prési<strong>de</strong>nt syrien Hafez Al-Assad, selon<br />

ces informations. Il serait détenu par les services secr<strong>et</strong>s syriens<br />

(Moukhabat~at)•<br />

Interrogé jeudi matin par <strong>de</strong>s journalistes sur ces affirmations <strong>de</strong>s<br />

quotidiens turcs Hurriy<strong>et</strong> <strong>et</strong> Veni Gunaydin, le chef <strong>de</strong> la diplomatie turque<br />

Hikm<strong>et</strong> C<strong>et</strong>in, a affirmé ne pas pouvoir confirmer l'information.<br />

"Nous ne disposons d'aucune information" SUt~ l'art~estation d'Apo, a-t-il<br />

déclaré avant un entr<strong>et</strong>ien avec son homologue italien Beniamino Andreatta,<br />

an'ivé m<strong>et</strong>'ct~edisoh' à Ankat~a pOUt~ une visite officielle en Tm~quie. "Les<br />

autorités syriennes, contactées par l'ambassa<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Turquie à Damas, n'ont pas<br />

d' infot'mation sur c;:<strong>et</strong>tearrestation", a-t-il ajouté.<br />

Apo aurait <strong>de</strong>mandé à se rendre en France, affirme par ailleurs le<br />

quotidien Veni Gunaydin qui ajoute toutefois que les autorités syriennes<br />

auraient refusé <strong>de</strong> transm<strong>et</strong>tre c<strong>et</strong>te <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> à <strong>Paris</strong>.<br />

CE/pht led<br />

AFP 161131 DEC 93<br />

\.F P - \~l'l1n' I LIilll' Pll'''''l'- \. L P. - \~l'llll' I J',lllll' Pll'''-l'- \.1. P - \~l'llll' Il ,l\lll Pll'''-l'- \. F P. - \~l'l1ll' I J'JI1Cl'PJ'l'''''l' - \. F P<br />

FRA0257 4 I 0160 TUR IAFP-UA01<br />

Tut'quie-Li ban<br />

Arrivée à Ankara du Premier ministre libanis<br />

ANKARA, 16 déc (AFP) - Le Premier ministre libanais, Rafic Hariri, est<br />

arrivé jeudi à Ankara pour une visite officielle <strong>de</strong> quatre jours'en Turquie<br />

~onsacrée au renforcement <strong>de</strong>s relations économiques ainsi qu'à <strong>de</strong>s entr<strong>et</strong>iens<br />

sur la sécurité<br />

au Liban.<br />

axés sur le problème <strong>de</strong>s rebelles kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> Turquie réfugiés<br />

Le Premier ministre turc, Tansu Ciller, qui a accueilli M. Hariri à<br />

l'aét'opot~t,a souligné "l' importance pOUt~ la T'.wqlJie"<strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te pt~emièt~evisite ~<br />

en Turquie d'un chef <strong>de</strong> gouvernement libanais.<br />

"La T'.lt~q'Jie a slJÏvi avec gt~an<strong>de</strong> inquiétu<strong>de</strong> les phases difficiles que le<br />

Liban a tt~aversées <strong>de</strong>puis 1975 <strong>et</strong> se félicite <strong>de</strong>s développements positifs<br />

actuels", a-t-elle ajouté.<br />

M. Hat'h~i a indiqué que son pays "s'appt~êtait à t~econstt~IJit~e"le Liban<br />

dans le cadre d'un plan étalé sur 10 ans <strong>et</strong> qu'il s'attendait à ce que la<br />

"Tm'quie y appot~te une contt~iblJtion impot~tante".<br />

ce/nev led<br />

AFP 161255 DEC 93<br />

92


REVUE DE PRf:SSE-PRESSREVlEW-BERHE\'OKA ÇAPÊ-RI\'ISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRL',SA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />

93


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />

G".,,,,",,B.,kno,O,O' Genelkurmay Ba~kanl Orgeneral Güre~, PKK li<strong>de</strong>r kadro-<br />

,~!::"~~~ri~j~~::~~ su ve ba~lnln bu kl~ yak edilmesi karan allndlglnl açlkladl.<br />

e e e<br />

r" ' Güre!?, bu kararl Diyarbaklr'da I;!ür-<br />

I. I l'' riyefe!?u kelimelerle ifa<strong>de</strong> <strong>et</strong>ti: 'Ge-,<br />

I\ / .\..,-~.. [ l':' berip gi<strong>de</strong>cekler, Yak olup gi<strong>de</strong>cek-<br />

, . Alm.!!~~a \,., . l'}\<br />

KADRO<br />

1er.Hatta 0 örgülÜn ba!?l.dahil.'<br />

'fr~n'~'l" ...::.J~~::':'~ij i\. Veni silahlàrgidiyor' :,'<br />

.y". / / ,.. Ki; I O'g, Güie~. 'Bölgeye "001 sllahla, gön<strong>de</strong>,eoo'<br />

H ' d n'.'"k- ,\.1<br />

I . . .(,l ' Yd~al ~~:~~II~~~"';;;~~~'~ ~fanfa~~~~~. ~<br />

• PKK'nlr. yÖnolim kEidr09Unlllmhn utmck l '-"_)(ERNK <strong>de</strong>rllecek. Ko(ucu saylSln1 artlnYOTlv." <strong>de</strong>di<br />

leIn. noltta oporasyonlar dOZElnlerecek. . "<br />

Operasyonlaro, sonuç .hn,ncayo ,.da, : . .' . ,,~,Af,manya i Kimse<strong>de</strong>, yllglnhk yok ..<br />

arallksll oO'larn edilec-.eQIblldlrlldl. I )<br />

• Sa~ Apculla:l ÖCe.lan.AROl{ I(Or,'lU' " ,:.' "~~_i Güre$ ~oyle <strong>de</strong>varn GtU: "Bütûn kOrlutan-<br />

:am Corril BaYlk, Amed Ko:nulam .. ;.' ,,' .'.,' !ar. subaYlndan or'oe kedar lnançh va ka-<br />

~emdln Sakll(, Merkez t


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA<br />

STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

Jeudi 18 novembre: succédant à<br />

l'opération anti-FIS <strong>de</strong> la semaine<br />

précé<strong>de</strong>nte, le ministère <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur<br />

déclenche une <strong>de</strong>scente du<br />

même type contre <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s. Nous ne<br />

savions pas que c<strong>et</strong>te communauté<br />

comptait au nombre <strong>de</strong>s cibles prioritaires<br />

<strong>de</strong>s services antiterroristes. Jusqu'à<br />

ces <strong>de</strong>rniers événements, les Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

étaient présentés comme un peuple sans<br />

Etat, victimes séculaires <strong>de</strong> sanglantes<br />

répressions (lire également, page 20,<br />

• Comprendre la question kur<strong>de</strong>").<br />

Vendredi 19 novembre: la majorité <strong>de</strong>s<br />

médias français titrent: • Terrorisme ",<br />

« Un véritable rack<strong>et</strong> organisé ", • Ils<br />

s'apprêtaient à frapper en France "<br />

accusant directement les Kur<strong>de</strong>s. Une<br />

provi<strong>de</strong>ntielle • Note confi<strong>de</strong>ntielle remise<br />

aux membres du Conseil interministériel<br />

<strong>de</strong> sécurité" autorise soudain un<br />

grand nombre <strong>de</strong> nos confrères à <strong>de</strong>venir<br />

« bien informés ". Déjà 48 <strong>et</strong> 72 heures<br />

auparavant, l'annonce <strong>de</strong> la gran<strong>de</strong> rafle<br />

était connue. Tous les paparrazi se trouvaient<br />

à l'affût.<br />

les quelques feuill<strong>et</strong>s <strong>de</strong> la DST<br />

ne pouvait suffire à déclencher<br />

une telle opération<br />

Six heures du matin, menottes aux<br />

poign<strong>et</strong>s, les • méchants " sont conduits<br />

sans ménagement, <strong>et</strong> parfois très brutalement,<br />

au Quai <strong>de</strong>s Orfèvres. l1affaire peut<br />

commencer. Bilan <strong>de</strong> la rafle: 110 arrestations,<br />

dont les dirigeants présumés du<br />

• redoutable " Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du<br />

Kurdistan (PKK), en France. Quelques<br />

heures avant son arrestation, nous avions<br />

rencontré Gultekin Kavak sous le nom <strong>de</strong><br />

Said Botan. Nous ne pensions pas nous<br />

adresser à un redoutable « terroriste ",<br />

présenté 24 heures plus tard comme « le<br />

chef du PKK ". La discussion porta principalement<br />

sur la culture ancestrale du<br />

peuple kur<strong>de</strong>, ses racines, sa langue interdite<br />

par les autorités turques.<br />

La jeune fille aux grands yeux tristes<br />

qui nous servait d'interprète s'appelait<br />

Rojine Ayaz. Elle fut arrêtée le len<strong>de</strong>main<br />

matin, comme tous les membres du<br />

Comité du Kurdistan présents ce matin-là<br />

au siège <strong>de</strong> la rue La Fay<strong>et</strong>te. Alijourd'hui,<br />

Rojine est en rési<strong>de</strong>nce surveillée à Saint-<br />

Pardoux dans les Deux-Sèvres, obj<strong>et</strong> d'un<br />

décr<strong>et</strong> ministériel en « urgence absolue "<br />

dont le motif n'est tolijours pas connu!<br />

Elle n'était, au sein du Comité du Kurdistan,<br />

qu'une simple collaboratrice chargée<br />

<strong>de</strong> la communication. Délit d'informer?<br />

Dossier vi<strong>de</strong> tout autant que celui <strong>de</strong>s<br />

21 <strong>de</strong>rnières personnes gardées en détention<br />

ou en rési<strong>de</strong>nce surveillée.<br />

Accusation <strong>de</strong> rack<strong>et</strong>? Faux. Nous<br />

avons interrogé plus <strong>de</strong> 130 commerçants<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>et</strong> turcs dans <strong>Paris</strong> en une semaine.<br />

Tous, y compris <strong>de</strong>s associations<br />

turques, déclarent être solidaires <strong>de</strong> la<br />

cause <strong>de</strong> leurs compatriotes qui luttent au<br />

Kurdistan contre la répression du gouvernemellt<br />

d'Ankara <strong>et</strong> contribuer volontairement<br />

à leur apporter, dans la mesure <strong>de</strong><br />

leurs possibilités, un soutien financier, si<br />

faible soit-il. I1Union <strong>de</strong> solidarités <strong>de</strong>s<br />

commerçants affirme • qu'il est totalement<br />

faux <strong>de</strong> vouloir faire porter <strong>de</strong>s<br />

accusations <strong>de</strong> rack<strong>et</strong> contre le PKK " tout<br />

en précisant • que les services secr<strong>et</strong>s<br />

français <strong>et</strong> l'ambassa<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Turquie à<br />

<strong>Paris</strong> ont également tenté <strong>de</strong> produire <strong>de</strong><br />

faux témoignages par <strong>de</strong>s commerçants<br />

contre les personnes arrêtées <strong>de</strong>rnièrement<br />

". Il est vrai que la communauté<br />

kur<strong>de</strong> est loin d'être riche <strong>et</strong> organisée.<br />

Transport d'armes en relation avec une<br />

entreprise terroriste? Faux. Au point<br />

qu'un haut fonctionnaire <strong>de</strong> police ayant<br />

suivi l'opération nous a déclaré: « Nous<br />

actions les plus spectaculaires ont été<br />

dirigées contre la Banque du Bosphore <strong>et</strong><br />

une d'elles ne fit que <strong>de</strong>ux blessés. Il est<br />

vrai que certains bruits ont pu courir<br />

faisant état <strong>de</strong> tentatives probables d'attentats<br />

contre <strong>de</strong>s personnalitPs turques<br />

en France. La première cible aurait été le<br />

ministre turc <strong>de</strong>s Transports. Mais, là<br />

encore: aucune preuve.<br />

la France <strong>et</strong> la Turquie<br />

viennent <strong>de</strong> signer un<br />

important marché d'armement<br />

Le rapport <strong>de</strong> quelques feuill<strong>et</strong>s réalisé<br />

par la Direction <strong>de</strong> la surveillance du<br />

territoire (DST) ne pouvait suffire à<br />

déclencher une telle opération <strong>de</strong> police<br />

au plan national. Mais alors, qui donc a pu<br />

informer <strong>et</strong> • convaincre " les services<br />

français <strong>de</strong> la préparation d'un complot<br />

imaginaire?<br />

La prochaine visite du premier ministre<br />

turc Tansu Ciller en France a très certainement<br />

offert l'occasion d'« échanges<br />

<strong>d'information</strong>s privilégiées " entre <strong>Paris</strong><br />

19 novembre,<br />

le jour<br />

se lève,<br />

menottes<br />

aux poign<strong>et</strong>s,<br />

les membres<br />

du Parti <strong>de</strong>s<br />

travailleurs<br />

du Kurdistan<br />

sont arrêtés.<br />

Invités par<br />

le Quai<br />

<strong>de</strong>s Orfèvres,<br />

les médias<br />

étaient<br />

sur place.<br />

Photos Gilles<br />

Bassignac!<br />

Gamma.<br />

n'avons trouvé en tout <strong>et</strong> pour tout que <strong>et</strong> Ankara. D'autant que le récent marché<br />

quelques pistol<strong>et</strong>s à grenaille. Ce n'est pas d'armement signé entre la France <strong>et</strong> la<br />

sérieux. Sij'avais les services turcs à mes Turquie a pu être utilisé par Ankara<br />

trousses, je pense que j'aurais d'autres comme monnaie d'échange contre une<br />

calibres sur moi. " Par ailleurs, au len<strong>de</strong>- opération «antikur<strong>de</strong> " en France; celle-ci<br />

main <strong>de</strong> la rafle, plusieurs policiers tombant à pic pour favoriser la réélection<br />

s'étonnaient d'avoir eu à mener <strong>de</strong>s per- du premier ministre turc en confirmant le<br />

quisitions domiciliaires parfois brutales prétendu. succès" <strong>de</strong> sa politique extédans<br />

le cadre juridique limité d'une sirn- rieure. Le matraquage médiatique <strong>de</strong> la<br />

pie information préliminaire. télévision turque relayant toutes les heu-<br />

Ils allaient frapper? Rien pour le prou- res l'opération française perm<strong>et</strong> à tout le<br />

ver. Les Kur<strong>de</strong>s, en France, sont davan- moins <strong>de</strong> le penser.<br />

tage considérés par les services <strong>de</strong> police Les Kur<strong>de</strong>s étaient-ils vraiment dangecomme<br />

« remuants" que dangereux. Les reux? Non, mais ce type d'opération est<br />

Humanité Dimanche N° 196 - 16/12/1993 au 22/12/1993 7<br />

95


REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS<br />

REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RIVISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />

-)<br />

'i'. =- ...<br />

• 1".~<br />

~<br />

Türktye ~<br />

TürklerÎndir "F<br />

Almanya dün sabah PKK'YI terör örgütü f1" - ~ Karann açlklanmaslndan önce, sabah<br />

, . ilan e<strong>de</strong>rek, bütün yan kurulu~lanyla bir- r~;\ saat 06.00'da Alman Polisi Ylldlnm har~-~<br />

Iikte kapattl. PKK böylece Avrupa'daki " Kürt <strong>de</strong>rnek ve kurulu~una baskin yaptl.<br />

Bütün belg<strong>et</strong>er toplandl c..... . If/,î.y:~<br />

Aachen, ~onn. BIelefeld. Duisburg, Dus. ';.'. '7.) Il .~<br />

seldorf, DUren, Dortmund, Hagen. Kain ve J ~ .:.. 1 1 rP'"B\'<br />

Leverkusen kenllerin<strong>de</strong>ki basklnlara 600'li . :( ~'1s '~ .'\<br />

askm polis kat.ldl. Bu kurulu$lardaki pak t:. A: ? "/',... . .<br />

incelenmeleriiçinkamyonlarlata$.ndl '..... 'to...:. "::....;... ','<br />

'. ... ),;<br />

Evier didik didik arandl -<br />

Yapllan baskmlarda. kaç kl$inin , . gozaillna ';:.'<br />

. l~:.'~!:'e;>l<br />

'4. ~. ~tl<br />

almdJQI konusu,:,d~ poli~ herha~Qj bir bilgi ft.!.!: l' -'f<br />

vermach. Çok glzh tutulsn ve bülun eyalel- ...<br />

ler<strong>de</strong> aym anda ~Iatllan seri operasyonlarda.<br />

PKK yand~1 örgüt binalan Ile yon<strong>et</strong>iCllerin<br />

evlen <strong>de</strong> polisçe didik didik arandl.<br />

Malvarhklarma el konuyoi<br />

lçh;<strong>de</strong>d Bakanll{Jl, yasadle,dlan enlgi PKK<br />

ve yanda~l örgutter Ueybn<strong>et</strong>icilerinin bùlun<br />

malvarhklanna ve banka hesaplanna<br />

~L:g~K' g::n~~~~~o;ki ~~'ö~e~fio~~:~<br />

kaynaklannl yitirmi$ olacak ...... saytada<br />

En allemand à la une.<br />

du même journal:<br />

« Merci Monsieur<br />

Kohl », l'appel a été<br />

entendu.<br />

Perquisitions,<br />

opérations coup<br />

<strong>de</strong> poing, se sont<br />

déroulées presque<br />

au même moment<br />

en France<br />

<strong>et</strong> en Allemagne.<br />

Peut-on parler<br />

<strong>de</strong> décisions<br />

concertées?<br />

22 novembre<br />

1993, sur<br />

la place <strong>de</strong><br />

la République<br />

à <strong>Paris</strong>, une<br />

manifestation<br />

<strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s est<br />

violemment<br />

réprimée<br />

par les CRS.<br />

satisfaction » avec laquelle Ferhat Ataman,<br />

porte-parole du ministère turc <strong>de</strong>s<br />

Affaires étrangères, accueille l'opération<br />

menée en France contre la communauté<br />

kur<strong>de</strong> n'ait d'égale que l'empressement <strong>de</strong><br />

son homologue français, Richard Duqué, à<br />

en faire une « affaire intérieure française<br />

». C'est oublier un peu vite que si le<br />

ministère <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur a été l'exécutant<br />

<strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te opération, MM. Edouard Balladur,<br />

premier ministre, Alain Juppé, ministre<br />

<strong>de</strong>s Affaires étrangères <strong>et</strong> François<br />

Léotard, ministre <strong>de</strong> la Défense nationale,<br />

sont les trois responsables politiques<br />

96<br />

français. Ayant scellé ce qu'il convient<br />

d'appeler <strong>de</strong>s liens <strong>de</strong> sang avec les<br />

dictateurs d'Ankara, ils ont politiquement<br />

inspiré <strong>et</strong> autorisé c<strong>et</strong>te intervention.<br />

Il semble que, <strong>de</strong>puis la nuit <strong>de</strong>s<br />

temps, le peuple kur<strong>de</strong> n'ait jamais eu <strong>de</strong><br />

chance. Dans le concert <strong>de</strong>s nations<br />

moyen-orientales <strong>et</strong> à l'aube du Ille millénaire<br />

s'annonce contre les Kur<strong>de</strong>s une<br />

opération <strong>de</strong> répression supplémentaire à<br />

gran<strong>de</strong> échelle. Un nouveau génoci<strong>de</strong>? La<br />

France avait-elle réellement besoin <strong>de</strong><br />

prêter concours à c<strong>et</strong>te farce macabre?<br />

Jean-Loul!»Izambert <strong>et</strong> Jean Bernard<br />

Opérations<br />

franco-alleman<strong>de</strong>s.<br />

Au p<strong>et</strong>it matin du 19 novembre <strong>de</strong>rnier,<br />

dans plusieurs gran<strong>de</strong>s villes<br />

françaises, <strong>de</strong>s policiers encerclent<br />

les domiciles <strong>de</strong> militants kur<strong>de</strong>s. Les<br />

occupants sont emmenés comme <strong>de</strong>s<br />

malfaiteurs menottes aux poign<strong>et</strong>s.<br />

110 personnes seront Interpellées. Il<br />

s'agit, Justifie Charles Pasqua, <strong>de</strong><br />

refuser que « quelque organisation<br />

que ce soit n'exerce en France une<br />

activité <strong>de</strong> nature à nuire à l'Intérêt<br />

du pays ou qui soit contraire à ses<br />

lois ».' Le résultat <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te rafle,<br />

organisée par la DST,se sol<strong>de</strong> par un<br />

maigre butin: les perquisitions n'ont<br />

permis <strong>de</strong> trouver ni armes, ni drogue,<br />

ni plans secr<strong>et</strong>s d'attentat en préparation.<br />

Tout au plus quelques faux<br />

papiers, <strong>de</strong>s tracts <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s ordres <strong>de</strong><br />

versement du PKK. Quelques Jours<br />

plus tard, à Cologne en Allemagne, la<br />

police fait une <strong>de</strong>scente au siège du<br />

Comité du Kurdistan <strong>et</strong> embarque<br />

tout. Le gouvernement allemand<br />

vient <strong>de</strong> déci<strong>de</strong>r d'Interdire le PKK <strong>et</strong><br />

35 associations réputées proches <strong>de</strong><br />

lui. Manfred Kanther, ministre <strong>de</strong><br />

l'Intérieur, utilise les mêmes arguments<br />

que son homologue français :<br />

« I:AlIemagne ne peut pas servir <strong>de</strong><br />

théâtre <strong>de</strong> guerre aux terroristes<br />

étrangers. »


Rf:VL'E DE PRl:I,\I:-PRE\\ RE\'/E\V-Bf:RHLYOKA ÇAPÊ-Rl\"/''iTA STAl\fPA-DEi':l FO DI: LA PU/:','"A-ß..\


En bref<br />

'<br />

Traité <strong>de</strong> Lausanne Signéen<br />

juill<strong>et</strong> 1923, il consacre le partage du Kurdistan <strong>et</strong> la domination <strong>de</strong>'<br />

quatre puissances sur les régions kur<strong>de</strong>s: la Turquie, l'Iran, la<br />

Gran<strong>de</strong>-Br<strong>et</strong>agne (pour l'Irak) <strong>et</strong> la France (pour la Syrie).<br />

Vingt-cinq millions <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s en quête d'une existence politique.<br />

Les forces du Mouvement national kur<strong>de</strong><br />

Le mouvement kur<strong>de</strong> reste<br />

très divisé : pas moins d'une<br />

quinzaine <strong>de</strong> partis dans les<br />

quatre grands Etats d'implantation.<br />

En Irak (environ 4 millions<br />

<strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s), les <strong>de</strong>ux gran<strong>de</strong>s<br />

formations (avec députés) sont<br />

l'Union patriotique du Kurdistan<br />

(UPK) <strong>de</strong> Jalal Talabani <strong>et</strong> le<br />

Parti démocratique du Kurdistan<br />

(PDK) <strong>de</strong> Massoud Barzani.<br />

Avec sept autres partis, beaucoup<br />

plus mo<strong>de</strong>stes (dont la<br />

branche kur<strong>de</strong> du PC irakien),<br />

, ils ont formé en 1988 le Front<br />

national du Kurdistan, qui a<br />

organisé, en mai <strong>de</strong>rnier, les<br />

premières élections libres d'un<br />

Parlement <strong>de</strong> la région kur<strong>de</strong><br />

d'Irak. En Iran (6 millions <strong>de</strong><br />

Kur<strong>de</strong>s), le Parti démocratique<br />

du Kurdistan Iranien (PDKI) re-<br />

cueillait quelque 80 % <strong>de</strong>s voix<br />

<strong>de</strong>s électeurs <strong>de</strong> la région <strong>de</strong><br />

peuplement kur<strong>de</strong> avant l'avènement<br />

<strong>de</strong> Khomeyni en 1979.<br />

Aujourd'hui dans la clan<strong>de</strong>stinité,<br />

son principal dirigeant a<br />

été assassiné en 1989. Rival <strong>et</strong><br />

clan<strong>de</strong>stin lui-aussi, le Komala<br />

(comité marxiste lénjniste du<br />

Kurdistan). En Turquie (12 millions<br />

<strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s), à côté du Parti<br />

<strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du Kurdistan<br />

(PKK) d'Abdullah Ocalan, qui se<br />

revendique du marxisme léninisme<br />

<strong>et</strong> mène la guérilla<br />

contre Ankara <strong>de</strong>puis août<br />

1984, existe un Parti travailliste<br />

du peuple (HEP). Semi-Iégal, il<br />

compte une dizaine <strong>de</strong> députés<br />

<strong>de</strong>puis 1991. Enfin, en Syrie<br />

(900.000 Kur<strong>de</strong>s), les formations<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s sont dispersées.<br />

Une république kur<strong>de</strong> a existé<br />

pendant près d'un an en 1946. Moustapha Barzani, chef d'un<br />

soulèvement national réprimé par <strong>de</strong>s bombar<strong>de</strong>ments anglais en<br />

Irak, a gagné les régions kur<strong>de</strong>s iraniennes bordant la frontière <strong>et</strong><br />

profité du vi<strong>de</strong> laissé alors dans c<strong>et</strong>te sorte <strong>de</strong> no man's land par<br />

. Téhéran pour y proclamer la république, Capitale: Mahabad.<br />

Les ancêtres<br />

<strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s sont <strong>de</strong>s<br />

populations pastorales établies <strong>de</strong>puis plusieurs millénaires dans<br />

la région. Ils parlent <strong>de</strong>s langues du groupe iranien : gorani,<br />

kurmanji, zazaï ou dumeli. Elles s'écrivent en caractères arabes en<br />

Irak, en Iran <strong>et</strong> en Syrie, en caractères latins en Turquie <strong>et</strong> en<br />

cyrilliques dans la CEl.<br />

Religion<br />

Les Kur<strong>de</strong>s sont pour la plupart <strong>de</strong>s<br />

musulmans sunnites. Leur islamisation a commencé tôt, mais s'est<br />

faite lentement. Les différentes tribus kur<strong>de</strong>s ont pu jouir d'une<br />

certaine autonomie au sein <strong>de</strong> l'empire ottoman.<br />

Activité économique<br />

Elle<br />

se fon<strong>de</strong> essentiellement sur l'agriculture (riz, maïs, tabac, blé,<br />

orge), l'élevage (ovins, caprins) <strong>et</strong> l'artisanat. L:industrie reste<br />

embryonnaire. Les Kur<strong>de</strong>s sont quasi totalement exclus <strong>de</strong>s<br />

installations pétrolières (puits <strong>et</strong> raffineries) présentes sur leur<br />

territoire en Irak <strong>et</strong> en Iran.<br />

Superficie Les experts évaluent la dimension<br />

du Kurdistan à environ 500.000kilomètres carrés (soit pratiquement<br />

la taille <strong>de</strong> la Franc'e).Les régions kur<strong>de</strong>s occupent 30 % <strong>de</strong> la<br />

Turquie, 17 % <strong>de</strong> l'Irak, 5 % <strong>de</strong> l'Iran <strong>et</strong> 2 % <strong>de</strong> la Syrie..<br />

TURQUIE'<br />

'<br />

La répression <strong>de</strong> l'Etat turc contre les<br />

.Kur<strong>de</strong>s s'est <strong>de</strong>chaÎnée dès 1925, <strong>de</strong>ux ans après le partage du<br />

Kurdistan au traité <strong>de</strong> Lausanne. Le pouvoir turc a pratiqué une<br />

véritable politique <strong>de</strong> la terre brûlée, détruisant <strong>de</strong>s villages<br />

rebelles, interdisant l'usage <strong>de</strong> la langue kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>et</strong> ordonnant, par<br />

tribunaux d'exception interposés, la pendaison, le bannissement<br />

ou l'emprisonnement <strong>de</strong>s insurgés locaux.<br />

98<br />

.Une sa inte alliance antikur<strong>de</strong>, baptisée pactè<br />

<strong>de</strong> Bagdad, a été passée en 1955 entre la Turquie; l'Iran <strong>et</strong> l'Irak<br />

sous l'égi<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> la Gran<strong>de</strong>-Br<strong>et</strong>agne <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s Etats-Unis. Elle prévoyait<br />

déjà la répression coordonnée <strong>de</strong>s révoltes kur<strong>de</strong>s qui viendraient<br />

à éclater sur le territoire <strong>de</strong> l'un ou l'autre <strong>de</strong>s Etats. Quelque temps<br />

plus tard, les contradictions entre les puissances ont fait éclater le<br />

pacte, ce qui n'a pas empêché l'organisation, jusqu'à aujourd'hui,<br />

d'actions <strong>de</strong> répressions multilatérales. .<br />

Humanité Dimanche N° 196 - 16/12/1993 au 22/12/1993 21


n<strong>de</strong>vrait regrouper les islamistes<br />

chiites <strong>et</strong> les nationalistes<br />

arabes, aujourd'hui violemment<br />

anti-oœi<strong>de</strong>ntaux.<br />

- Si l'ONU décidait <strong>de</strong> lever<br />

l'emburo pétrolier SUI<br />

l'Irak, quelles seraient les répereuIIiona<br />

pour la popalatiCIII,<br />

qui 80IIffre aujoard'hu i<br />

terril:ll--t?<br />

- Cela accroîtrait la marge <strong>de</strong><br />

manœuvre <strong>de</strong> SaddamHussein ,<br />

npourrait organiser la pénurif<br />

dans telle région, l'abondanœ<br />

dans telle autre. Cela a toujour; ,<br />

été sa stratégie: développer un<br />

territoire contre un autre.<br />

Aujourd'hui, on trouve <strong>de</strong> tout i:;<br />

Bagdad, à condition d'avoir l~<br />

moyens. Lafrontière avec l'Iran<br />

est gran<strong>de</strong> ouverte. Qui 11<br />

aujourd'hui la haute main sur<br />

la distribution <strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>nrées alimentaires?<br />

Le clan <strong>de</strong> Saddam<br />

qui s'est approprié les réseaux<br />

d'approvisionnement ,PrivéS.<br />

La levée <strong>de</strong> l'embargo n entraînera<br />

pas une amélioration du<br />

niveau <strong>de</strong> vie mais un durcissement<br />

du régime qui aura reçU le<br />

signal clair <strong>de</strong> sa reconnaissance<br />

par l'Occi<strong>de</strong>nt.<br />

Recueilli par<br />

Jean-Christophe PLOQUIN<br />

(1) Les chiites représentent environ<br />

40 % <strong>de</strong> la populaqon irakienne <strong>et</strong><br />

sont ~ .811. awl dll pays;<br />

~<br />

La Croix - 16 décembre 1993<br />

IITEIVIEW<br />

Pierre Martin<br />

Spécialiste <strong>de</strong> l'Irak<br />

Patiemment, le régime<br />

irakien se rapproche<br />

<strong>de</strong>s g6uvernemebts<br />

occi<strong>de</strong>ntaux.<br />

Peut-il se targoer<br />

diun changement dans<br />

sa politique <strong>de</strong> répresBion à<br />

l'égard <strong>de</strong> sa propre population?<br />

Pierre Martin : Certainement<br />

pas. La situation est particulièrement<br />

grave aujourd'hui<br />

dans le sud du pays, à dominance<br />

chüte (1), où <strong>de</strong>s campagnes<br />

militaires se poursuivent.<br />

L'opposition a affirmé, en septèinbre,<br />

que <strong>de</strong>s gaz toxiques<br />

avaient été utilisés par l'armée<br />

itakienne. C'est . certain.<br />

Unemission<strong>de</strong>l'~ qui s'est<br />

rendue à la frontière irako-iranienne<br />

a estimé ne pas pouvoir<br />

confirmer. L'absence d'une<br />

colllÙlrnnation par les Nations<br />

Unies, alors même que l'Irak<br />

estcensé, sous leur supervision,<br />

se débarrasser <strong>de</strong> tout son arsenal<br />

chimique, est très grave.<br />

Cela signifie que <strong>de</strong> tels agissements<br />

peuvent se réitérer. La<br />

situation <strong>de</strong>s chütes est aujourd'hui<br />

alarmante. Environ<br />

lOOfXH:m 2 <strong>de</strong> terre'ontété lISBér<br />

chés entre Amara, Nasiriyya <strong>et</strong><br />

Bassorah, jusqu'à la frontière<br />

iranienne. Et une lente normalisation<br />

entre Téhéran <strong>et</strong> Bagdad<br />

rend plus délicat l'accueil<br />

par l'Iran <strong>de</strong> réfugiés irakiens.<br />

Depuis plusieurs mois, <strong>de</strong>s<br />

purges frappent en outre l'appareil<br />

sunnite, qui constitue<br />

"~on<br />

<strong>de</strong>s chiites<br />

est particulièrement<br />

alarmante<br />

pourtant l'assise <strong>de</strong> Saddam<br />

Hussein. Deux vagues, au printemps<br />

<strong>et</strong> en août, ont particulièrement<br />

tôuché <strong>de</strong>ux fiefs <strong>de</strong><br />

Saddam, Tikrit, sa ville natale,<br />

<strong>et</strong> MoSsoul. Les purges visaient<br />

notamment <strong>de</strong>s militaires. n<br />

semble qu'il y ait <strong>de</strong>s luttes <strong>de</strong><br />

clans dont sortiraient vainqueurs<br />

lesMajid, proches, par le<br />

sang, <strong>de</strong> Saddam. La répression<br />

touche aussi <strong>de</strong>s notables traditionnels<br />

: l'un <strong>de</strong>s cheikhs <strong>de</strong> la<br />

tribu <strong>de</strong>s Shammar a été récemment<br />

exécuté dans la Djezireh,<br />

une région frontalière <strong>de</strong> la Syrie;<br />

ou <strong>de</strong>s religieux: <strong>de</strong>s oulé-<br />

'mas ooté.tétfl~~ Jlbur<br />

avoir critiqué les programmes<br />

du réseau privé <strong>de</strong> télévision appartenant<br />

à Odaï, l'un <strong>de</strong>sfils <strong>de</strong><br />

Saddam, .<strong>et</strong> qui diffuse beauco~p<br />

<strong>de</strong> feuill<strong>et</strong>ons américams<br />

...<br />

-Qu'enest-il<strong>de</strong>sK~qui<br />

contrôlent le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak<br />

80usla surveillance aérieone<br />

<strong>de</strong>s OccioonUiu:?<br />

- Ds sont toujours soumis à<br />

un embargo irakien même s'ils<br />

viennent <strong>de</strong> signer un aœord<br />

avec Bagdad leur perm<strong>et</strong>tant<br />

d'ach<strong>et</strong>er du fuel en Irak. De<br />

plus en plus, les alliés occi<strong>de</strong>ntaux<br />

leur conseillent <strong>de</strong> reprendre<br />

contact avec Saddam. Ce<br />

qu'ils ont fait. Eux qui figuraient<br />

parmi les plus ar<strong>de</strong>nts<br />

défenseurs <strong>de</strong>s positions américaines<br />

<strong>et</strong> européennes, au sein<br />

<strong>de</strong> l'opposition irakienne, réévaluent<br />

leur position. Le soutien<br />

<strong>de</strong> la Turquie, seule fenêtre<br />

sur l'extérieur, leur paraît<br />

moins acquis car l'opinion <strong>et</strong> le<br />

Parlement turcs poussent à une<br />

reprise <strong>de</strong>s relations diplomatiques<br />

entre Ba2dad <strong>et</strong> Ankara.<br />

Par ailleurs, les Kur<strong>de</strong>s ont<br />

réinterprété l'attitu<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>s<br />

États-Unis.<br />

Malgré les visites répétées <strong>de</strong><br />

dirigeants <strong>de</strong> l'opposition à<br />

Washington, ceux-ci estiment<br />

que l'administration Clinton<br />

considère en fait le régime <strong>de</strong><br />

Saàdam séDmme 'SOnl:t~l,<br />

«La levée <strong>de</strong> l'embargo provoquera un durcissement du régime»<br />

interlocuteur. L'envoi <strong>de</strong> quelques<br />

missiles Cruise sur Bagdad,<br />

au printemps, constituait<br />

en fait une sorte qe dialogue<br />

dans lequel les Etats-Unis<br />

fixaient quelque limites à Bagdad.<br />

Cela est aujourd'hui très<br />

clair pour les Kur<strong>de</strong>s.<br />

- L'oppositionirakieunereprésente-t-elle<br />

aujourd'hui<br />

une alternative cftdible au<br />

régime <strong>de</strong> s.t.dam.?<br />

- On assiste à l'effondrement<br />

<strong>de</strong>s tendances pro«ci<strong>de</strong>ntales.<br />

Le Congrès national irakien,<br />

basé à Londres <strong>et</strong> qui aréussiun<br />

temps à réunir la plupart <strong>de</strong>s<br />

gran<strong>de</strong>s organisations <strong>de</strong> résis-<br />

. tance kur<strong>de</strong>s, chiites ou nationalistes<br />

arabes, est aujourd'hui<br />

déserté. Les Kur<strong>de</strong>s font cavalier<br />

seul <strong>et</strong> un Front patriotique<br />

est en constitution sous le patronage<br />

<strong>de</strong> la Syrie <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> l'Iran.<br />

Une intégrité territoriale souhaitée<br />

par l'Occi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />

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REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASLN ÖZETi<br />

Le Mon<strong>de</strong> - 16décembre 1993 ------------------<br />

TURQUIE<br />

..Le principal parti pro-kur<strong>de</strong> radicalise sa position<br />

Hatip Diele a été élu,<br />

dimanche 12 décembre, présihAt<br />

du Parti démocratique<br />

(OEP, ".-kur<strong>de</strong>). l'élection <strong>de</strong><br />

M. Dielt, qui figure parmi les<br />

plus radicaux <strong>de</strong>s. députés<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s lU Parlement turc - il<br />

,est l'un <strong>de</strong>s dix-sept élus contre<br />

Ie8quels une procédure <strong>de</strong> levée<br />

d'Immunité parlementaire est en<br />

ceurs ... marque un durcissement<br />

<strong>de</strong> la poHtiquedu DEP, le<br />

principal fHlrti pro-kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Tur-<br />

.. ie.<br />

ISTANBUL<br />

<strong>de</strong> notre Correspondante<br />

Malgré la pression exercée sur<br />

les nationalistes kur<strong>de</strong>s à l'approche<br />

<strong>de</strong> leur congrès, avec la<br />

nouvelle suspension du quotidien<br />

pro-kur<strong>de</strong> Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m <strong>et</strong><br />

l'arrestation <strong>de</strong> quelque 200<br />

journalistes <strong>et</strong> employés <strong>de</strong> ce<br />

journal (le Mon<strong>de</strong> daté<br />

12-13 décembre), les membres<br />

du parti ont choisi une direction<br />

plus radicale, plus proche du<br />

PKK.<br />

« Le PKK n'est pas une organisation<br />

terroriste. Puisque les<br />

voies démocratiques sont fermées<br />

en Turquie, le PKK est un parti<br />

qui a choisi la violence plutôt que<br />

la lutte politique. C'est également<br />

une organisation militaire,» a<br />

déclaré M. Dicle. « Le problème<br />

kur<strong>de</strong> ne peut pas être résolu<br />

sans le PKK, » a-t-il ajouté.<br />

Si la presse turque, qui a fait.<br />

une large place à ce congrès, a<br />

relevé ces déclarations polémiques<br />

<strong>de</strong> M. Dicle, elle a égaIement<br />

souligné' l'atmosphère'<br />

modérée qui régnait dans la salle<br />

du congrès où un grand drapeau<br />

,~urc côtoyait, pour la première<br />

Jois, les portraits du prési<strong>de</strong>nt<br />

sortant, Yasar Kaya - qui est<br />

également le propriétaIre <strong>de</strong><br />

Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m - <strong>et</strong> celui <strong>de</strong><br />

'Mehm<strong>et</strong> Sincar, le député kur<strong>de</strong><br />

,assassiné en septembre. Les slo- ,<br />

gans étaient moins pr~vocateurs '<br />

'qu'à l'accoutumée <strong>et</strong> les déclara- '<br />

:tlOns <strong>de</strong>s divers candidats à la<br />

direction du DEP plus modérées.<br />

Hatip Dicle a déclaré que le<br />

DEP était en faveur <strong>de</strong> l'unité <strong>de</strong><br />

la Turquie, mais il a ajouté que<br />

'd'autres options <strong>de</strong>vaient être'<br />

discutées ouvertement.<br />

« Un rdle<br />

<strong>de</strong> martyr»<br />

Dans un commentaire, le quotidien<br />

Hürriy<strong>et</strong> a souligné qu'en<br />

dépit <strong>de</strong> l'élection d'un dirigeant,<br />

radical le DEP aVai~~tteint un<br />

nouveau <strong>de</strong>gré <strong>de</strong>malurité. Mais'<br />

c<strong>et</strong>te sagesse nouvelle - en partie<br />

le résultat du «ras-le-bol» <strong>de</strong> la<br />

. population kur<strong>de</strong> après dix ans<br />

<strong>de</strong> conflit - arrive probablement<br />

trop tard pour ,sauver le parti,<br />

, menacé d'interdiction. Jugé trop<br />

proche <strong>de</strong>s séparatistes du Parti<br />

<strong>de</strong>s Travailleurs du Kurdistan<br />

(PKK) - même si Abdullah Ocalan,<br />

le dirigeant du PKK, vient<br />

<strong>de</strong> critiquer sévèrement les députés<br />

nationalistes trop conforta-:<br />

blement installés à Ankara - le .<br />

. DEP ne' semble plus pouvoir<br />

jouer le rôle d'intermédia,ite<br />

entre les communautés turque <strong>et</strong><br />

kur<strong>de</strong> que l'entrée <strong>de</strong> ses membres<br />

au Parlement en 1991 avait<br />

laissé espérer. «Le DEP n'a plus<br />

d'espace politique, le rôle <strong>de</strong> mar- '<br />

tyr est le seul qui lui reste à<br />

jouer », observe un diplomate<br />

européen.<br />

La menace d'interdiction ne<br />

,semble pas décourager les membres<br />

du DEP, ni d'ailleurs les<br />

journalistes d'Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m.<br />

qui, Ji~~s, ,ont 'repris \a..uuhli.<br />

cation du quotidien mardi,. en<br />

dépit d'une nouvelle perquisition<br />

le jour même. Trente-neuf per-<br />

'sonnes sont toujours en gar<strong>de</strong> à,<br />

vue <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux sont inculpées.<br />

Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m n'est certes pas',<br />

impartial - éertains <strong>de</strong> ses édito- '<br />

.riaux, publiés sous uri pseudonyme,<br />

sont attribués à Abdullah<br />

Ocalan lui-même - mais il pré- '<br />

sente u,l1 point <strong>de</strong> vue <strong>et</strong> une<br />

version <strong>de</strong>s faits différents, parti-<br />

.culièn:ment importants dans une<br />

situation <strong>de</strong> conflit. Avec une<br />

~iffusjon <strong>de</strong> 30 000 exemplaires,<br />

11ne représente guère un danger<br />

.pour la Turquie. Fréquemment,<br />

confisqué, interdit <strong>de</strong> :vente dans<br />

certaines localités, le quotidien a<br />

également perdu neuf <strong>de</strong> ses cor-:<br />

respondants, tués par <strong>de</strong>s assaillants<br />

non i<strong>de</strong>ntifiés. D'autre<br />

part, <strong>de</strong>ux journalistes <strong>de</strong> la<br />

chaîne <strong>de</strong> télévision privée HBB<br />

ont été arrêtés mardi après la'<br />

diffusion d'un programme dans<br />

:lequel sont intervenus <strong>de</strong>s memo.<br />

bre$ d'une association pacifiste<br />

Dernières Nouvelles d'Alsace -16 décembre 1993<br />

Kur<strong>de</strong>s: une entrevue<br />

Le directeur <strong>de</strong> cabin<strong>et</strong> du<br />

préf<strong>et</strong>, Dominique Blais. a reçu<br />

hier en présence du procureur<br />

<strong>de</strong> la République, Edmond<br />

Stenger, une délégation<br />

du Collectif <strong>de</strong> soutien à l'as.<br />

s,ociation <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du<br />

Kurdistan !i Strasbourg (1) ainsi<br />

que <strong>de</strong>ux représentants <strong>de</strong><br />

O,ia.communauté Kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />

.S.trasbourg.<br />

...ûriLrevcÏe s'est déroulée<br />

dans un esprit <strong>de</strong> respect mutUel»,<br />

a souligné Pierr~ Greib,<br />

prési<strong>de</strong>nt duCLAPEST (Comité<br />

<strong>de</strong> <strong>liaison</strong> pour l'a1phabéti-<br />

,sation <strong>de</strong>s immigrés en A1sa-.<br />

ce). Lors <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong> entr<strong>et</strong>ien, les<br />

. ,<br />

membres <strong>de</strong> la délégation ont<br />

affirmé leur opposition à la<br />

dissolution <strong>de</strong> l'Association<br />

<strong>de</strong>s patriotes du Kurdistan <strong>de</strong><br />

Strasbourg. Ils ont également<br />

fait part <strong>de</strong>s dangers d'un<br />

amalgame entre les membres<br />

d'une association kur<strong>de</strong>, insérés<br />

dans la vie publique <strong>et</strong> so-<br />

. ciale, <strong>et</strong> les terroristes.<br />

En réponse. le directeur <strong>de</strong><br />

cabin<strong>et</strong> du préf<strong>et</strong> <strong>et</strong> leprocureur<br />

<strong>de</strong> la République ont fait.<br />

une distinction entre les procédures<br />

administratives qui<br />

ont déjà été prises <strong>et</strong> les procédures<br />

judiciaires qui définiqui<br />

se sont explicitement décla-<br />

'rés contre le service militaire,<br />

obligatoire en Turquie.<br />

NICOLE<br />

POPE<br />

'Une centaine <strong>de</strong> séparatistes<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s tués en trois jours. -<br />

Cinquante rebelles kur<strong>de</strong>s ont<br />

été tués au cours <strong>de</strong> l'opération<br />

<strong>de</strong> l'aviation turque, lundi,<br />

dans le nord irakien (le Mon<strong>de</strong>,<br />

du 15 décembre) <strong>et</strong> un dépôt <strong>de</strong><br />

munitions', a été détruit, a<br />

affirmé màrdi 14 décembre à<br />

Ankara le premier ministre<br />

turc, Tansu Ciller. Ce bilan<br />

porte à 105 le nombre <strong>de</strong> morts<br />

<strong>de</strong>puis samedi, en Turquie <strong>et</strong><br />

dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak, d'après<br />

les chiffres fournis par les autorités<br />

qui avaient fait état <strong>de</strong><br />

quarante-<strong>de</strong>ux morts au cours<br />

<strong>de</strong> diverses opérations dans le<br />

sud-est turc à majorité kur<strong>de</strong>,<br />

pour la seule nuit <strong>de</strong> dimanche<br />

à lundi. - (AFP, Reuter.) ,<br />

ront les responsabilités <strong>de</strong><br />

chacun,<br />

Un recours <strong>de</strong>vant le<br />

Conseil d'Etat a été engagé<br />

contre la dissolution d'associations<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s en France, qui<br />

. était intervenue par décr<strong>et</strong>, le<br />

2 décembre <strong>de</strong>'mier.<br />

(1) Le coUectif <strong>de</strong> soutien est<br />

composé <strong>de</strong>s associations:<br />

Strasbourg--Pratemité, SOS<br />

Racisme, Ras l'Front, les<br />

Amis du peuple Kur<strong>de</strong>-Fran--<br />

ce, le SNU-IPP 67, la Ligue<br />

<strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme, lJo1s..<br />

sociation <strong>de</strong>s amis <strong>et</strong> ré~<br />

<strong>de</strong>nts du Neudmf, leCIA-<br />

PEST.<br />

100


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA<br />

STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

L Républicain - 16 décembre 1993<br />

Les Kur<strong>de</strong>s existent. parlons-en I<br />

Neuf associations françaises,<br />

dont la Maison du mon<strong>de</strong> à Evry,<br />

ont tenu, jeudi 9 décembre, une<br />

conférence <strong>de</strong> presse, présidée<br />

par Mme Geneviève Jacques, secrétaire<br />

générale <strong>de</strong> la Cllma<strong>de</strong>,<br />

<strong>et</strong> maitre Daniel Jacoby, prési<strong>de</strong>nt<br />

<strong>de</strong> la fédération internationale<br />

<strong>de</strong>s ligues <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong><br />

l'homme, pour lancer une campagne<br />

d'opinion pour le respect<br />

<strong>de</strong>s droits du peuple kur<strong>de</strong>.<br />

En 1991, l'opinion publique<br />

s'émeut <strong>de</strong> la situation <strong>de</strong>s<br />

Kur<strong>de</strong>s fuyant les persécutions<br />

du régime <strong>de</strong> Sadd am Hussein.<br />

Un vaste élan <strong>de</strong> solidarité<br />

amène les pays occi<strong>de</strong>ntaux à<br />

protéger la population kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>et</strong><br />

garantir son r<strong>et</strong>our sur une partie<br />

<strong>de</strong> la région kur<strong>de</strong> d'Irak.<br />

Mais "ai<strong>de</strong> humanitaire ne peut<br />

résoudre le problème politique <strong>de</strong><br />

l'existence <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la reconnaissance<br />

<strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong>s quelque<br />

trente millions <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s qui vivent<br />

en Turquie, Irak, Iran <strong>et</strong> Syrie<br />

ess4;lntiellement, où ils subissent<br />

une répression violente <strong>de</strong>puis<br />

<strong>de</strong> nombreuses années,<br />

dans la plus gran<strong>de</strong> indifférence.<br />

C'est dans ce contexte que<br />

neuf associations lancent une<br />

campagne d'opinion pour <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>r<br />

au gouvernement français <strong>de</strong><br />

ne pas sacrifier le sort <strong>de</strong>s<br />

Kur<strong>de</strong>s au nom d'intérêts géostratégiques.<br />

C<strong>et</strong>te campagne poursuit <strong>de</strong>ux<br />

objectifs: la création d'un groupe<br />

d'étu<strong>de</strong>s parlementaires sur ce<br />

-suj<strong>et</strong> <strong>et</strong> la livraison à la Turquie<br />

<strong>de</strong> vingt hélicoptères Super Puma<br />

à partir <strong>de</strong> 1995. Les associations.<br />

<strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>nt que la france ne livre<br />

ces hélicoptères que si la Turquie<br />

accepte une clause <strong>de</strong> non utilisation<br />

<strong>de</strong> ces armes contre la p0-<br />

pulation civile.<br />

La campagne est diffusée sous<br />

la forme d'un document <strong>de</strong> huit<br />

pages <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> cartes postales. Documents<br />

à comman<strong>de</strong>r auprès <strong>de</strong><br />

la Maison du mon<strong>de</strong>, 32, allée J.-<br />

Rostand, 91000 Evry. Tél.<br />

60.78.55.00.<br />

La Montagne - 16 décembre 1993<br />

PROTESTATION<br />

,<br />

Une réaction <strong>de</strong> maires<br />

Les maires d'Auzon, 8ournoncle-Saint-Pierre,<br />

Lemp<strong>de</strong>s <strong>et</strong><br />

Sainte-Florine ont uni leur désapprobation<br />

<strong>et</strong> le font savoir,<br />

en réaction aux différents repor-.<br />

tages télévisés relatifs à l'opération<br />

<strong>de</strong> police .organisée le<br />

mois <strong>de</strong>rnier contre les membres<br />

du parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du<br />

J(urdistan d'origine turque<br />

(PKK).<br />

« France 2 <strong>et</strong> TF1 ont utilisé<br />

<strong>de</strong>s images provenant d'anciens<br />

reportages effectués dans le<br />

Bassin minier <strong>et</strong> qui concernaient<br />

les familles kur<strong>de</strong>s irakiennes<br />

accueillies en novembre<br />

1989 dans les communes d'Auzon,<br />

Bournoncle-Saint-Pierre,<br />

Lemp<strong>de</strong>s <strong>et</strong> Sainte-Florine.<br />

L'amalgame <strong>de</strong> ces images pt'Ut<br />

laisser penser que les familles<br />

sont, SOIt liées, soit même partie<br />

prenante ou membres du<br />

PKK •.<br />

• Les maires <strong>de</strong> ces communes<br />

s'élèvent contre <strong>de</strong> tels procédée<br />

qui font planer la suspicion sur<br />

une communauté durement touchée<br />

par le génoci<strong>de</strong> du .gouvernement<br />

irakien à leur encontre<br />

<strong>et</strong> qui ne <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> qu'à s'intégrer<br />

•.<br />

Dernières Nouvelles d'Alsace - 16 décembre 1993<br />

Kur<strong>de</strong>s emprisonnés<br />

La grève <strong>de</strong> la faim<br />

continue<br />

UNE vingtaine <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

<strong>de</strong> Turquie continuent<br />

<strong>de</strong>puis quinze jours un<br />

mouvement <strong>de</strong> grève <strong>de</strong> la faim<br />

pour protester contre l'arrestation<br />

<strong>de</strong> vingt <strong>de</strong> leurs camara<strong>de</strong>s<br />

lors <strong>de</strong> la rafle effectuée le<br />

18 novembre dans l'immij!;ration<br />

kur<strong>de</strong> par la police française.<br />

Les grévistes <strong>de</strong> la faim,<br />

réfugiés dans le local d'une association<br />

kur<strong>de</strong> (23, rue du<br />

Faubourg-Saint-Denis, à <strong>Paris</strong>)<br />

protestent également contre la<br />

dissolution <strong>et</strong> l'interdiction, décidées<br />

le 30 novembre par le<br />

gouvernement français, <strong>de</strong> plusieurs<br />

associations culturelles <strong>de</strong><br />

travailleurs kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>et</strong> du Comité<br />

du Kurdistan.<br />

Faire pression<br />

sur Ankara<br />

Depuis une semaine, les<br />

,17 Kur<strong>de</strong>s maintenus en détention<br />

<strong>de</strong>puis le 18 novembre se<br />

sont joints au mouvement <strong>et</strong> refusent<br />

<strong>de</strong> s'alimenter. Rappelons<br />

que 20 travailIeurs kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

avaient été maintenus en détention<br />

aprés la rafle du 18 novembre<br />

sous l'accusation d'cc ass0-<br />

ciation <strong>de</strong> malfaiteurs en<br />

relation av<strong>et</strong> une organisation<br />

terroriste )t <strong>et</strong> cc extorsion <strong>de</strong><br />

fonds )t. Trois d'entre eux ont<br />

été libérés la semaine <strong>de</strong>rnière,<br />

faute <strong>de</strong> la moindre preuve<br />

contre eux dans leurs dossiers.<br />

Les audiences continuent <strong>et</strong> les<br />

avocats, affirmant que tous les<br />

dossiers sont vi<strong>de</strong>s, continuent<br />

d'exiger la libération <strong>de</strong> leurs<br />

clients.<br />

A Strasbourg, lors <strong>de</strong> la session<br />

en cours du Parlement européen,<br />

le groupe Coalition <strong>de</strong>s<br />

gauche a déposé un proj<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />

résolution, notamment signé <strong>de</strong><br />

René Piqu<strong>et</strong>, <strong>de</strong>mandant aux<br />

gouvernements <strong>de</strong> France <strong>et</strong><br />

d'Allemagne <strong>de</strong> ne pas expulser<br />

<strong>de</strong> réfugiés kur<strong>de</strong>s vers la Turquie.<br />

Le texte condamne les sanglantes<br />

exactions <strong>de</strong> l'armée turque<br />

<strong>et</strong> les actes terroristes du<br />

PKK. 11<strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> au gouvernement<br />

turc <strong>de</strong> m<strong>et</strong>tre fin à la<br />

répression <strong>et</strong> d'entamer <strong>de</strong>s négociations<br />

av<strong>et</strong> les représentants<br />

du . peuple kur<strong>de</strong>. 11 <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong><br />

aux autorités communautaires<br />

<strong>et</strong> aux Etats membres d'utiliser<br />

:eurs relations politiqu~ <strong>et</strong> économiques<br />

avec Ankara pour<br />

faire pression en ce sens.<br />

• Hatip Dicle, trenœ-huit ans,<br />

député <strong>de</strong> Diyarbakir, a été<br />

élu, dimanche soir, prési<strong>de</strong>nt<br />

du Parti <strong>de</strong> la démocratie<br />

(DEP), réuni en congrès à<br />

Ankara. Le DEP défend le!><br />

droits <strong>de</strong>s populations kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

du sud-est <strong>de</strong> la Turquie <strong>et</strong>, en<br />

premier lieu, la reconnaissance<br />

<strong>de</strong> leur i<strong>de</strong>ntité <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> leurs<br />

droits culturels <strong>et</strong> politiques. Il<br />

dispose <strong>de</strong> 17 députés à l'Assemblée<br />

nationale <strong>de</strong> Turquie,<br />

tOlL'imenacés <strong>de</strong> levée <strong>de</strong> leur<br />

ilDlllunité parlementaire. Le<br />

parti lili-même est actuelle-<br />

_nt obj<strong>et</strong> d'une enquête judiciaire<br />

pour 4( activité séparatiste<br />

)t. Lors <strong>de</strong> son congrès, le<br />

DEP s'est prononcé contre la<br />

violence <strong>et</strong> pour une solution<br />

politique <strong>et</strong> démocratique du<br />

problème kur<strong>de</strong>.<br />

101


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

Irak-France: <strong>de</strong>s r<strong>et</strong>rouvailles<br />

sous roche ?<br />

Jean-Luc Banière, le technicien françai


I-<<br />

~<br />

Cl)<br />

u<br />

Cl)<br />

Cl<br />

I<br />

,<br />

REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

nation will probably never forgive them ... that it is the families of draft dodgers who should be sorry for the<br />

those who should really be sorry for what is situation.<br />

happening are the families of the people who As result of Serdar Gürefs own attempts at dodging military<br />

will do anything to avoid military service and<br />

'The thereby have lost their principal values."<br />

service, reaction has now rightfully targ<strong>et</strong>ed Gen. Güre~. "First<br />

send your son, Pasha," was how the headline of a Turkish newspaper<br />

read on Dec. 6.<br />

These words came in early December from the spokesman of Serdar Güre~ is less known by the foreign community than he<br />

Turkey's Chief of Staff, who promised to the Turkish nation that is by the Turkish public - and èspecially by those rea<strong>de</strong>rs who<br />

all draft dodgers would certainly be punished "the way they closely follow scandal magazines. His name is associated with<br />

<strong>de</strong>serve, and willlive with this disgrace for the rest of their lives." television serials, where he was readily given a job, and with<br />

Col. Dogu SilahçlOglu's statement, quoted by the Anatolia some gang fights. Once there was a report that, at the head of a<br />

news agency, was but part of Ankara's overall drive for military group of soldiers, this young draft dodger had exhibited his powers<br />

of command byraiding a night club where he had had an<br />

recruitment, which is partly an attempt to cope with terrorism. It<br />

also reflected the irony which lies behind the Turkish system. argument.<br />

Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Süleyman Demirel, for instance, was a draft dodger Most of all, however, Serdar Güre~ is now a symbol in the<br />

until the age of 31 and did his military service only after the 1960 Turkish press of how crooked the system is. As thousands of<br />

military coup.<br />

young and patriotic children were giving their lives for their<br />

I myself was a draft dodger until1985 when I was dragged into country over the past years, Güre~ has been having the time of his<br />

military service.<br />

life.<br />

And I have known many other draft dodgers over the past<br />

Acting, using parental influence to go about his business, having<br />

fun and avoiding military service.<br />

jeca<strong>de</strong>, mainly people who have families and jobs and are afraid<br />

)f losing both while serving compulsory military service on an<br />

Now we learn from an Istanbul press conference that Serdar<br />

incredibly low wage.<br />

was not even a stu<strong>de</strong>nt, as he had<br />

According to the Defence Minister,<br />

claimed to be for over the past four<br />

1 total of 250 thousand people in<br />

Turkey - where the army numbers<br />

around 500 thousand - are draft<br />

jodgers. He too accepts that a majority<br />

of these are from the troubled<br />

Southeast region.<br />

This week, when two Turkish television<br />

journalists attempted to cover<br />

the issue and showed footage of interviews<br />

with draft dodgers, they were<br />

arrested. A military court is now to<br />

"The question now is why<br />

Serdar, or any other<br />

children, can have this<br />

kind of immunity, while<br />

those without influential<br />

parents have to go and<br />

fight -- and die-- for their<br />

country. And how/ar.those<br />

who<br />

keep on talking of courage<br />

and heroism will tolerate this."<br />

char~e them with encouraging draft<br />

evasIOn.<br />

This alone shows how sensitive<br />

Turkey has become on this issue. And<br />

to what extent the issue can be freely<br />

<strong>de</strong>bated without ending up in trouble.<br />

In the words of one security officer,<br />

draft dodging appears to have become<br />

part of the Turkish culture and its roots<br />

should not only be sought in separatist<br />

violence. Nor is it news that a majority<br />

of the children of the rich do not serve<br />

in the troubled Southeast region.<br />

In the words of a police officer at Istanbul's international airport,<br />

"We never see anyone dressed properly heading there.<br />

Always the soldiers going to the region are children of the poor or<br />

the middle class."<br />

In<strong>de</strong>ed, the system itself has adapted to the conditions over the<br />

years. Many officials have exercised their political influence to<br />

"help" relatives and friends, basing them in other and safer parts<br />

of the country.<br />

As a result, it can be seen that many of the Turkish "heroes<br />

who have earned the respect of the nation" in that region, as it<br />

was expressed by Col. SilahçlOglu, are actually middle class or<br />

peasant children, mainly from the Black Sea region. Another si<strong>de</strong><br />

of the coin is obviously those who have so much influence on the<br />

overall system that they have managed to avoid military service<br />

altog<strong>et</strong>her - turning draft dodging into a sort of profession.<br />

The real irony which has surfaced in the recent months, though,<br />

is the fact that as Turkey's military command searches for these<br />

potential recruits un<strong>de</strong>r a new policy, the most senior comman<strong>de</strong>r<br />

of the Turkish armed forces is failing to see that the rules are<br />

kept. Recent reports imply that Gen. Güre~ has no say even over<br />

his own son, while officers from his <strong>de</strong>partment are saying openly<br />

years. Is the Güre~ family so divi<strong>de</strong>d<br />

that the Pasha father did not know of<br />

this? Or is a son too valuable to<br />

serve the country?<br />

On Tuesday, a group of teachers<br />

from the State Conservatory held a<br />

press conference which they referred<br />

to as "informing on a crime," and<br />

<strong>de</strong>clared that Güre~ forced his way<br />

into the school in 1988 with the<br />

assistance of an officer and his<br />

father' s ai<strong>de</strong>-<strong>de</strong>-camp. In other<br />

words, they were "or<strong>de</strong>red" to<br />

accept him. And their story continues:<br />

Serdar gtadually started to prop<br />

olll of dasse:i and by the end of the<br />

firs't year, failed because he had not<br />

atten<strong>de</strong>d enough. In 1990, when he<br />

did not attend classes again he was<br />

about to fail but an exception was<br />

ma<strong>de</strong> and he.stayed. At one point, he<br />

was elevated from the second class<br />

to the fourth, and so on.<br />

The issue was so controversial that, angered by Serdar's immunity,<br />

one of his lecturers even resigned in protest. The general<br />

view among his teachers is that the son ofTurkey's Chief of Staff<br />

has used his school registration only to dodge military service. 'In<br />

other words, he is among the 250 thousand who, according to<br />

Col. Dogu SilahçlOglu, "will probably never be forgiven by the<br />

nation." t<br />

How much ofthis Gen. Güre~ knows, and how far his influence<br />

over Serdar extends, is not quite clear, but looking at what<br />

Serdar's teachers are saying, it appears that he is fully aware of<br />

what is going on.<br />

The question is why Serdar, or any other children, can have this<br />

kind of immunity, while those without influential parents have to<br />

go and fight -and die- for their country. And how far those<br />

who keep on talking of courage and heroism will tolerate this.<br />

Serdar, we've all done our military service and served this<br />

country. Now we are waiting for you to make your own <strong>de</strong>cision<br />

to do the same. Otherwise what we are being told about <strong>de</strong>termination,<br />

combat, and the great values which some institutions represent,<br />

won't have any meaning, will it?<br />

103


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />

Fighting breaks out<br />

among Iraqi Kurds<br />

The Associated<br />

Press<br />

NICOSIA- Recent fighting b<strong>et</strong>ween<br />

Kurdish factions In northern ne with a policy of controlling<br />

errillas of the Soèialist Party in li-<br />

Iraq left a number of people killed "paramilitary" groups.<br />

or woun<strong>de</strong>d, Kurdish sources and The sRokesman said the fighting<br />

an Iraqi newspaper said Wednesday.<br />

'<br />

could provi<strong>de</strong> no figures. The<br />

led to 'a few" casualties, but he<br />

They said the violence was b<strong>et</strong>- . fi~hting spread to neighboring Irbit<br />

and Kirkuk provinces, but was<br />

ween the Kurdistan Democratic<br />

Party led by Massoud Barzani and later brought "un<strong>de</strong>r control," he<br />

a smaller group, the Kurdistan Socialist<br />

Party.<br />

, The state-run Baghdad newspa-<br />

said.<br />

A spokesman for the KDP in per AI-Iraq said the fighting led to<br />

London, who spoke on condition 'mass killing" of men, women and<br />

of anonymity, said the fi$hting began<br />

dunng attempts to Olsarm gurillas<br />

"attacked and occupied"<br />

children after Socialist Party guer-<br />

a<br />

facilityrun by Barzani's group in<br />

the city of Sulaymaniyah,<br />

The KDP spokesman <strong>de</strong>nied the<br />

Iraqi casualty report, saying the<br />

~aghdad state-run ~ewspapers<br />

alw~ys exaggerate In their reports.<br />

"They want to show the world<br />

tJier'e i~no law and or<strong>de</strong>r in Kurdistan,"<br />

he said. "They want to<br />

stab the <strong>de</strong>mocratic process in the<br />

'back.<br />

No spokesman for the Socialist<br />

Party was available for comment.<br />

The KDP and the other larae<br />

Iraqi Kurdish faction, the Patrioâc<br />

Umon of Kurdistan, have been ruling<br />

an autonomous Kurdistan re- .<br />

gion in a coalition government.<br />

The government of Saddam<br />

Hussein, which opposes any moves<br />

toward Kurdish in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nce<br />

and rejects the United Nations'<br />

imposition of a "safe haven" in the<br />

rèaion, has sought to portray the<br />

serf-styled Kurdish government as<br />

chaotic and violent.<br />

The safe haven was established<br />

after the 1991 Gulf War in an attempt<br />

to protect Kurdish civilians<br />

from the wrath of Saddam's forces<br />

after twin Kurdish and Shiite<br />

Mus.lim rebellion~ failed. Despite<br />

waging war agaInst a common<br />

enemy -- the Baghdad government<br />

-- the Kurds have been far from<br />

united. Last year the Iraqi Kurds<br />

joined forces with Turkish government<br />

soldiers in fighting Turkey's<br />

Kurdish rebels. Infighting<br />

among the Iraqi<br />

, also is common.<br />

Kurdish factions<br />

The 20 million Kurds, an Indo-<br />

European people, are spread around<br />

five states -- 10 million in<br />

Turkey, 5.5 million in Iran, and '<br />

3.5 million in Iraq, with small<br />

enclaves in Syria<br />

Sovi<strong>et</strong> Union.<br />

and the former<br />

Libération - 17 décembre 1993<br />

TURQUIE<br />

- SYRIE<br />

Le chef du PKK'<br />

it<br />

Ali terme d'un protocole signé en'avnl<br />

't ' At' S. 1992, les <strong>de</strong>ux parties avaient<br />

condamné le terrorisme <strong>et</strong> s'étaient enaura<br />

e e arre e en yne<br />

, gagées à empêcher toute activité illé- ,<br />

Jlhdullah. Dca/an, qui diri<strong>de</strong> /a rébellion kur<strong>de</strong> contre gale sur leurs sols respectifs. Cinq mois<br />

rv,I 0' plus tard, un accord intervenait sur le<br />

l'Etat turc, serait détenu àDamas surorare d'~Çld~ ' partage <strong>de</strong>s eaux. Avant d'être dé-<br />

Lesservicessecr<strong>et</strong>ssYri~nsont-ilsar- <strong>de</strong>ux fois, mais jamais plus dé virigt~ ' ,noncé. Entre-temps, Damas avait<br />

rêté l'ennemi numéro un <strong>de</strong> la Tur-guatre ou quarante-huit heures. La Sy- fermé les bases du PKK dans la plaine<br />

quie? La presse d'Ankaral'af-ne abrite Ocalan <strong>de</strong>puis le ciébut <strong>de</strong> 'libanaise<strong>de</strong>laBekaa,placéesousson<br />

firme: le dirigeant du PKK (Parti <strong>de</strong>s l'insurrection dans le, Sud-Est anato- 'contrôle. L'annonce en mai parOcalan<br />

travailleurs du Kurdistan) Abdullah' 'lien, en 1984. A maintes reprises; An- <strong>de</strong> la reprise <strong>de</strong> la lutte armée, après un<br />

Ocalan, dit «Apo», serait détenu à Da-l


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwlSTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZET;<br />

••<br />

Colleagues fear for life of Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m editor<br />

46 newspaper employees in<br />

custody, may be tortured<br />

Turkish Dai/x. News<br />

ANKARA- Colleagues of daily Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m's editor-inchief<br />

Gurb<strong>et</strong>elli Ersöz fear for her life after a police officer<br />

informed them she was ill following her <strong>de</strong>tention.<br />

total of 46 newspaper employees, including Ersöz and the<br />

whole editorial board, are still in custody being questioned<br />

by the political police.<br />

Auttiorities have banned attorneys from v\~iting or speaking<br />

to the suspects and there is concern in Ozgür Günâem<br />

that they may be tortured.<br />

One executive of the newspaper who was among the 88<br />

suspects released by the police last weekend said he had seen<br />

his collea$ues being physically' harassed.<br />

"What IS the state liiding?" Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m asked in a front<br />

page banner headlin'e on Friday, noting that the police consistently<br />

prevented lawyers from seeing the sus~cts.<br />

The International Fe<strong>de</strong>ration of Journalists (IFJ) said in a<br />

statement, meanwhile, that there was serious concern over<br />

the attitu<strong>de</strong> of the Turkish state with regard to press freedoms.<br />

The London-based PEN Writers in Prison committee also<br />

con<strong>de</strong>mned the treatment of Özgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m and appealed for<br />

urgent action.<br />

The <strong>Paris</strong>-based Journalists Without Frontiers (RSF) organization<br />

appealed for the international community to join in<br />

the protest.<br />

RSF director Robert Menard called on Turkey to respect<br />

press freedoms and hUl1)anrights, <strong>de</strong>manding that all of the<br />

<strong>de</strong>tained employees of Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m be s<strong>et</strong> free. Colleagues<br />

of the <strong>de</strong>tained journalists fear that the Turkish police may<br />

be attempting to force the "suspects" into signing false confessions<br />

un<strong>de</strong>r torture.<br />

Hariri's message to Ankara.'<br />

Terrorist activities<br />

will be prevented as<br />

Beirut takes control<br />

'We won't allow any terrorist groups to use<br />

our land to harm our neighbors, , he says<br />

Turkish Daily News<br />

ANKARA- Lebanese Prime Minister<br />

Rafïk al-Hariri assured Ankara<br />

during his two-day visit that terrorist<br />

activities would be prevented as Lebanon<br />

increased its autRority over its<br />

Syrian-controlled Bekaa Valley...<br />

Turkish sources quoted Hann as<br />

saving that as Lebanese sovereignty<br />

inéreased in the Bekaa Valley, terror-<br />

ist activities would be <strong>de</strong>creased and<br />

eventuaHy stopped. Hariri also told<br />

the Voice of Turkey that Lebanon<br />

would not allow "any terrorist groups<br />

to use our territones to harm our<br />

neighbors." "It is not in our interest<br />

to harbor terrorist activities, our interest<br />

lies in reconstructing our wartom<br />

country," Turkish sources quot-<br />

G-üiiae<br />

The United Nations Committee Against Torture had said<br />

in a November dated report that there was "habitual, wi<strong>de</strong>spread,<br />

<strong>de</strong>liberate and systematic torture in Turkey."<br />

Most of the torture in police custody aims at extracting<br />

confessions which can later be used against suspects, in cases<br />

where there is a lack of substantial evi<strong>de</strong>nce, according to<br />

a leading human rights activists.<br />

According to journalist-author Haluk Gerger, who was recently<br />

sentenced .\0 nearly two years jail for a controversial<br />

article, many of Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m's former staff have now r<strong>et</strong>urned<br />

to the paper to keep it in print.<br />

Gerger, tog<strong>et</strong>her with the newspaper's first editor-in-chief<br />

Raglp Duran, and Sernra Somersan are among the writers<br />

who are now working on a daily basis to publish the paper in<br />

the absence of its <strong>de</strong>tained editorial board,<br />

Last Friday, police in Istanbul cracked down on the Özgür<br />

Gün<strong>de</strong>m building where they <strong>de</strong>tained 107 people. On Saturday,<br />

raids on other newspaper offices continued. Although<br />

88 of those in custody in Istanbul were released, arrests continued<br />

nationwi<strong>de</strong>.<br />

According to the U.S.-based Committee to Protect Journalists,<br />

which sent a message of protest to Prime Minister Tansu<br />

Çill!';r,the State Secunty Court, which had failed to close<br />

down Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m using legal m<strong>et</strong>hods "has succee<strong>de</strong>d in<br />

closing the newspaper for three days by arresting its employees."<br />

.. .<br />

Following the raid, Özgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m could not print until<br />

the following Tuesday.<br />

ed Hariri as saying during the official dinner given in Hariri's honor that<br />

talks. Insi<strong>de</strong> sources said they be- "Turkey was <strong>de</strong>termined to help<br />

lieved this message was <strong>de</strong>livered to Lebanon with its reconstruction."<br />

Ankara after Lebanese-Syrian con- Çiller's words were echoed by<br />

sullations and was ma<strong>de</strong> with the Treasury,. acting Un<strong>de</strong>rsecr<strong>et</strong>ary<br />

knowledge, if not at the suggestion, Osman.Unsal, who said Turkey<br />

of Damascus. Motherland Party could take at least 10 percent of<br />

(ANAP) lea<strong>de</strong>r Mesut Yllmaz, who the 25 .billion dollar budg<strong>et</strong> that<br />

also held a half-hour me<strong>et</strong>ing with Lebanon had allocated for recon-<br />

Hariri, asked the Lebanese prime struction.<br />

minister outright wh<strong>et</strong>her Abdullah "The total mark<strong>et</strong> in Lebanon is<br />

Ocalan, the PKK lea<strong>de</strong>r, who held a worth $20-25 billion. So we are<br />

press conference in Lebanon last talking of $2-2.5 billion if Tl!rkey<br />

year, was "still in Lebanon." "Cer-. can g<strong>et</strong> a 10 percent share," Unsal<br />

tainly not," Hariri was quoted as say- said.<br />

ing. "He came to Lebanon a year Hariri who arrived in Ankara<br />

ago, but he never lived there." o~ Thurs'day,.was accompan~ed by<br />

But both Hariri and his Turkish hiS finan~e, !ndustry. a.nd Oll and<br />

counterpart Tansu Çiller were at commuOicatlOns mlOisters .. He<br />

pains to stress that the focus of the tour~d the Nur~I-FMC factory, Just<br />

talks was "mainly economic," al- out~l<strong>de</strong> the capital, where armored<br />

though neither ruled out discussing ~ehlcles we prod~ced un~er U.S.<br />

terrorism and security.<br />

h,cence.. Unsal sal.d.Turkish offi-<br />

Cials bnefed Hann on Turkey's<br />

privatization efforts, free tra<strong>de</strong><br />

Economic cooperation<br />

While the "security dimension"<br />

in the talks was played down, the<br />

"economic dimension" was often<br />

mentioned in press statements durine:<br />

the visit. Ciller said, both in<br />

her remarks at me beginning of the<br />

-visit and in her speech during a<br />

zones and construction sector as<br />

well as possible regional projects<br />

and financing. He told reporters<br />

Turkey's Eximbank would provi<strong>de</strong><br />

an undisclosed amount of credit<br />

for projects. Turkish officials<br />

woufd visit Lebanon next month<br />

105


REvuE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

for <strong>de</strong>tailed talks, he ad<strong>de</strong>d. Turkish<br />

diplomats said after holding<br />

talks with Lebanese officials that<br />

they discussed the establishment ef<br />

a Turco-Lebanese business council<br />

Ṫurkey can make an important<br />

contribution to the construction of<br />

roads and to electrification.<br />

While in Istanbul, Hariri will be<br />

visiting Tekfen and Enka Holdings,<br />

both leading names in construction.<br />

UN surveys gamma<br />

emissions over Iraq<br />

to check nuke arms<br />

Reuters<br />

UNITED NATIONS- The United Nations said it tracked<br />

gamma emissions over Iraq in an effort to <strong>de</strong>tect any remaining<br />

nuclear weapons materials and flew over Baghdad<br />

for the first time without Iraqi obiections.<br />

A statement from the U.N: Special Commission, in<br />

charge of scrapping Iraq's weapons of mass <strong>de</strong>struction,<br />

said the recent aerial surveys were to verify Iraq's <strong>de</strong>clarations<br />

of its nuclear weapons program, which has been largely<br />

eliminated. A recent helicopter survey plotted the locatIon<br />

of the electromagn<strong>et</strong>ic radIation, particularly that above<br />

normallevels, and inclu<strong>de</strong>d five new sites in and around<br />

municipal Baghdadand in central and northwestern Iraq.<br />

IraqI autbaities in the past had objected to overflights in<br />

and around Baghdad but there was no sign of protest for<br />

this flight. The survey was to verify current knowledge of<br />

radioactive materials, investigate new sites and periodically<br />

check any changein the level of radiation.<br />

"Major changesin emission levels might be indicative of<br />

movements of radioactive materials whIch should be subject<br />

to monitoringand verification," the statement said.<br />

The commissionis about to embark on a long-term monitoring<br />

programto make sure Iraq does not reacquire nuclear,<br />

chemicalbiological and ballistic weapons.<br />

It estimatedat least six months were nee<strong>de</strong>d to test and<br />

implement the program before reporting to the Security<br />

Council itis satisfied Iraq no longer possesses its most dangerous<br />

weapons,banned since the Gulf War. The council<br />

then must <strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong> wh<strong>et</strong>her to lift the oil embargo, in place<br />

since Iraq's troops inva<strong>de</strong>d Kuwaiti in August 1990..U.S.<br />

Ambassador Ma<strong>de</strong>leine Albright believes the commission<br />

should takeup to a year to test the monitoring 'program.<br />

\. E Il. - \~(,Illl' 11.111ll' 1)ll"'l'- \. L P. - \~l'Illl' I L1illl' Pn',,,('- \. E Il. - \~l'l1l'l'1r,tllll' Pll'''('- \. L Il. - \~l'Illl' 1r.lllll' Pll'''l' - \.1: Il.<br />

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Allemagne-Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

Des autoroutes bloquées par <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

cr,SSEL (Allemagne), 18 déc (AFP) - Plus <strong>de</strong> 2.000 KUt'df?S venus <strong>de</strong> toute<br />

l'Allemagne ont manifesté samedi à Cassel (ouest) malgt'é l' int<strong>et</strong>'dlction <strong>de</strong> la<br />

municipalité <strong>et</strong> ont bloqué <strong>de</strong>s autoroutes, a-t-on constaté.<br />

Devant la patinoire où <strong>de</strong>vait avoir lieu le rassemblement interdit, les<br />

manifestants ont ct'ié: "vive le Kl..wdistan, vive le PKK".<br />

Auparavant, plus <strong>de</strong> 1.000 Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s sympathisants avaient bloqué les<br />

accès <strong>de</strong>s autoroutes pour Cassel <strong>et</strong> pour la ville <strong>de</strong> Go<strong>et</strong>tingen voisine.<br />

Le ministre allemand <strong>de</strong> l'intérieur, M. Manfred Kanther, a interdit le<br />

Pat'ti <strong>de</strong>s Tt'aValllel.t1"sdl),KI.lt'distan


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ.RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN OZETÎ<br />

MANIFESTATION<br />

LE PROGES-19 décembre 1993<br />

Danses contre l'indifférence<br />

Une centaine <strong>de</strong> ressortissants Kur<strong>de</strong>s se sont<br />

rassembJés à Lyon hier après-midi, place Bellecour.<br />

Pour redire leur détresse <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>r la libération<br />

<strong>de</strong> leurs compatriotes interpellés recemment. En<br />

musique<br />

Qui se soucie <strong>de</strong> nous."<br />

fredonne Outronc entre<br />

(( <strong>de</strong>ux siestes corses<br />

pour tourner en dérision l'indifférence<br />

ambiante ..• Vérité d'artiste.<br />

Valable, entre autre, pour le peuple<br />

Kur<strong>de</strong> qui interpelle l'hulT!anité<br />

<strong>de</strong>puis <strong>de</strong>s lustres sur le registre <strong>de</strong><br />

la détresse. Ils étaient une centaine<br />

<strong>de</strong> ressortissants hier après-midi à<br />

Lyon, à s'être rassemblés place Bellecour<br />

pour essayer encore <strong>de</strong> faire<br />

entendre leur voix <strong>et</strong> p'rotester<br />

contre la récente rafle subie psr la<br />

commullauté installée sur'. le sol<br />

français. A la mi-novembre, 234<br />

Kur<strong>de</strong>s ont été ainsi interpellés.<br />

Plulieurs d'entre eUll lont<br />

enlpritonnél <strong>et</strong> d'autres en, rési<strong>de</strong>nce<br />

IUIVe/née en attendant leur<br />

eXlMllalon. Au motif <strong>de</strong> sympathie<br />

ou d'appartenance au PKK, paMi se<br />

livrant à <strong>de</strong>s menées terroristes<br />

contre les intérêts turcs en Europe.<br />

c Les dossiers sont vi<strong>de</strong>s. assuraient<br />

hier les manifestants, en<br />

<strong>de</strong>mandant que soient relAchés<br />

leurs compatriotes. En exigeant<br />

aussi la levée <strong>de</strong> l'interdiction frappant<br />

les associations Kur<strong>de</strong>s établies<br />

en France.<br />

A leurs yeux, ces mesures ne se<br />

justifient que par c le souci du flouvemement<br />

français <strong>de</strong> complalfe à<br />

la Turquie. sur fond d'enjeux économiques.<br />

Les Kur<strong>de</strong>s en veulent<br />

pour preuve la venue en France, en<br />

Janvier prochain, <strong>de</strong> Madame le<br />

Premier ministre turc « avec à la cl6<br />

la livraison <strong>de</strong> vingt hélicoptères <strong>de</strong><br />

combat à la Turquie J. Au regard <strong>de</strong><br />

la terrible répression subie par le<br />

peuple Kur<strong>de</strong> en Turquie, les manifestants<br />

ont appelé hier le gouvernement<br />

françaIs Il s'aligner sur l'AI-<br />

lemagne qui, par clause contractuelle,<br />

exige que les hélicoptères<br />

vendus ne 'servent pas contre les<br />

populations civiles. Et d'inciter par<br />

ailleurs l'Europe à faire pression afin<br />

que la Turquie engage <strong>de</strong>s négociations<br />

avec les mouvements représentants<br />

du p~uplé, c pour une solution<br />

pacifique au conflit •.<br />

Hier, le rassemblement ifest<br />

achevé par <strong>de</strong>s danses folkloriques<br />

rythmées par les sons d'instruments<br />

traditionnels. La plupart <strong>de</strong>s<br />

ressortissants arboraient un morceau<br />

d'étoffe épinglé dans le dos,<br />

portant l'inscription c Moi aussi, je<br />

suis au PKK •. Symboliquement, une<br />

mère en avait même orné la capote<br />

<strong>de</strong> la pouss<strong>et</strong>te ou souriait un chérubin<br />

au minois plus angélique que<br />

fron<strong>de</strong>ur ...<br />

Y.A.<br />

D KURDES 11)<br />

.....<br />

..0<br />

Les Kur<strong>de</strong>s existent, Au ~<br />

len<strong>de</strong>main <strong>de</strong> la Guerre du ,~<br />

Golfe, la mobilisation <strong>de</strong> la -0<br />

Communauté Internatio- ;::<br />

nale a soulevé l'espoir d'u- I<br />

ne solution enfin juste pour __<br />

les Kur<strong>de</strong>s, peuple persé- ~<br />

cuté dans cinq pays <strong>de</strong>puis .9<br />

plus d'un siècle, <strong>et</strong> surtout ~<br />

en Irak <strong>et</strong> en Turquie. ,~<br />

Aujourd'hui, tout est oublié.<br />

La France vient <strong>de</strong> signer<br />

un contrat <strong>de</strong> vente <strong>de</strong><br />

vingt hélicoptèr,es <strong>de</strong><br />

combat avec l'armée turque.<br />

Il faut exiger qu'une<br />

clause <strong>de</strong> non-utilisation<br />

<strong>de</strong> ces armes contre la population<br />

civile en Turquie<br />

soit introduite. Une cam-<br />

{'agne nationale est lancée.<br />

Certains intellectuels gardois<br />

y participent déjà. On<br />

peut écrire pour exiger c<strong>et</strong>te<br />

clause à "Agir. Ici", 14<br />

passage<br />

ris.<br />

Dubail, 75010 Pa-<br />

Pour sensibiliser la population,<br />

l'association "Agir<br />

Ici" a édité une p<strong>et</strong>ite affiche<br />

copiant le film bien<br />

connu, appelée "Kurdistan<br />

Park". Les dinosaures ont<br />

disparu. Les Kur<strong>de</strong>s aimeraient<br />

changer d'ère!<br />

~<br />

~<br />

Dernières Nouvelles d'AIsee -18 décembre 1993<br />

COURRIER<br />

Les Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

or Georges Fe<strong>de</strong>rmann <strong>de</strong><br />

Strasbourg :<br />

-j'étais étranger <strong>et</strong> vous<br />

m'avez accueilli. Ceux qui<br />

s'offusquent <strong>de</strong> l'occupation<br />

<strong>de</strong> la cathédrale par <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

<strong>de</strong>vraient relire <strong>et</strong> méditer<br />

ce passage <strong>de</strong> l'Evangile<br />

selon saint Matthieu. Tout<br />

comme ces représentants du<br />

peuple qui envisageaient <strong>de</strong><br />

faire voter une loi pour criminaliser<br />

les squatters. Je<br />

voudrais réagir aussi à un arl_<br />

ti<strong>de</strong> du 28-11 dans la rubrique<br />

<strong>de</strong>s faits divers, où <strong>de</strong>s<br />

suspects étaient désignés<br />

comme étant <strong>de</strong>s -gitans~.<br />

C<strong>et</strong>te différenciation <strong>et</strong>hnique<br />

qui risque <strong>de</strong> stigmatiser<br />

l'ensemble <strong>de</strong>s membres <strong>de</strong><br />

ce groupe relève purement<br />

<strong>et</strong> simplement <strong>de</strong> la discrimination<br />

raciale.~<br />

M. Sébastien Weiss <strong>de</strong><br />

Strasbourg:<br />

'<br />

- Lieu symbolique par excellence.<br />

la cathédrale a été<br />

investie par les Kur<strong>de</strong>s pour<br />

exprimer leur révolte (oo.).<br />

C'est bien l'attitu<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> l'archevêque<br />

qui a refusé <strong>de</strong><br />

soutenir les manifestants,<br />

qui fait rupture avec la tradition<br />

chrétienne. L'Eglise est<br />

l'institution qui. d'emblée,<br />

doit s'ouvrir aux persécut~s.~<br />

Mme Evelyne G. HeImlittger,<br />

d~ Strasbourg:<br />

-Je viens <strong>de</strong> lire trois l<strong>et</strong>tres<br />

<strong>de</strong> lecteurs à propos <strong>de</strong><br />

l'occupation <strong>de</strong> la cathédrale<br />

par les Kur<strong>de</strong>s. Fichtre!<br />

Qu'ils aillent donc au diable<br />

ces Kur<strong>de</strong>s, selon le vœu <strong>de</strong><br />

vos lecteurs ... mais nous aussi,<br />

puisque nos églises ne<br />

peuvent plus servir <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>rnier<br />

refuge à ceux qui sont<br />

dans l'adversité~.<br />

M. Philippe Mairel, <strong>de</strong> Lingolsheim:<br />

-Je ne pense pas être le<br />

seul à avoir été écœuré par<br />

les propos <strong>de</strong> certains lecteurs.<br />

relatifs à locèupation<br />

<strong>de</strong> la cathédrale <strong>de</strong> Strasbourg<br />

par les Kur<strong>de</strong>s. Plus<br />

que jamais, l'intolérance sert<br />

<strong>de</strong> défouloir contre l'autre, le<br />

différent, le marginal, l'étranger.<br />

De plus, que dire <strong>de</strong> l'attitu<strong>de</strong><br />

<strong>de</strong> la hiérarchie catholique<br />

qui, tel Ponce Pilate,<br />

fait appel aux forces <strong>de</strong> l'ordre<br />

pour évacuer la cathédrale?<br />

Il est vrai que c'était<br />

l'heure <strong>de</strong> la messe pour les<br />

gens-bien-pensants-qui-aiment-les-étrangers-quandils-sqnt-chez-eux!<br />

Après la<br />

ferm<strong>et</strong>ure <strong>de</strong>s frontières, celle<br />

<strong>de</strong>s églises Ë~.<br />

(N.d.l.r. Nous avons largement<br />

donné la parole aux<br />

uns <strong>et</strong> aux autres. Nous<br />

considérons donc ce débat<br />

comme dos~.<br />

107


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA<br />

STAMPA-DENTRO DELA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

.~ = ......<br />

e,<br />

.A 70 ans, je ne <strong>de</strong>vrais pas<br />

« avoir peur, mais j'ai<br />

peur.» Yachar Kemal parle, un<br />

verre <strong>de</strong> whisky à la main, calmement,<br />

dans son appartement<br />

tranquille <strong>de</strong>s quartiers nouveaux<br />

loin du centre historique d'Istanbul.<br />

Peur, lui, sacré «écrivain <strong>de</strong><br />

l'année 1992» par le Ministère <strong>de</strong><br />

la culture turc, qui a notamment<br />

érigé <strong>de</strong>ux statues en son honncur?<br />

Peur, lui, membre fondateur<br />

<strong>de</strong> l'Académie universelle<br />

<strong>de</strong>s cultures aux côtés d'Elie Wiesel,<br />

<strong>de</strong> Jorge Amado, <strong>de</strong> Wassily<br />

Léontieff, ou <strong>de</strong> Javier Perez <strong>de</strong><br />

Cuellar? Peur oui, pourtant. Car<br />

ce Turc, né dans ùne famille<br />

kur<strong>de</strong> en même temps que la république<br />

kémaliste, ne supporte<br />

plus le sort réservé aux Kur<strong>de</strong>s.<br />

Et le dit. Le crie. Quitte à risquer<br />

encore la prison. Quitte à ne pas<br />

aller au bout <strong>de</strong> son œuvre <strong>de</strong><br />


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ-RNISTA<br />

STA.\œA-DENTRO DE lA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

- Les intellectuels jouent-ils<br />

leur rôle?<br />

- Depuis septante ans, les<br />

écrivains <strong>et</strong> les intellectuels font<br />

preuve d'un courage monumental.<br />

Peu d'entre eux ont échappé<br />

à la prison. Pour les écrivains <strong>de</strong><br />

mon âge, la prison a été une sorte<br />

<strong>de</strong> première école obligatoire. Aller<br />

en prison n'est pas grave pour<br />

un écrivain ou un intellectuel,<br />

mais on a toujours Peur <strong>de</strong> mourir.<br />

Or, <strong>de</strong>puis un an <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>mi, une<br />

douzaine d'intellectuels qui écrivaient<br />

dans le journal QzgUT<br />

Gun.cIem ont été tués. Je tiens à<br />

dire que ce journal n'est pas un<br />

journal pro-KK comme le prétend<br />

le gouvernement, mais un journal<br />

qui dit la vérité sur ce qui se<br />

passe au Kurdistan.<br />

- Que dites-vous à ceux qui<br />

reprochent à Ozgur Gun<strong>de</strong>m <strong>de</strong><br />

ne pas être assez critique envers<br />

le PKK <strong>et</strong> d'y laisser APO, chef<br />

du PKK, y écrire sous pseudo?<br />

- Gun<strong>de</strong>m fait ce qu'il faul Il<br />

dit aussi <strong>de</strong>s choses sur les atrocités<br />

commises aussi par le PKK,<br />

les assassinats d'enfants ou les<br />

massacres dans les villages. Et<br />

moi, je suis le premier à dénoncer<br />

<strong>de</strong>s choses pareilles, comme<br />

ce qui s'est produit à Sirnak.<br />

- Vous sentez-vous plus «engagé<br />

.. au sens politique du mot<br />

aujourd'hui?<br />

- J'aimerais, mais c'est tout le<br />

contraire. J'ai été extrêmement<br />

engagé, comme marxiste, dans<br />

ma jeunesse <strong>et</strong> en vieillissant,<br />

j'aurais envie d'être moins en.<br />

gagé. Mais c'est impossible <strong>de</strong> se<br />

taire. Je trouve insupportable que<br />

la conscience humaine, aussi dégénérée<br />

soit-elle, continue d'ignorer<br />

une nation <strong>de</strong> 35 millions <strong>de</strong><br />

personnes sur cinq pays. Je l'ai<br />

dit au presi<strong>de</strong>nt Mitterrand. Et il<br />

faut répéter qu'il y a <strong>de</strong>s gens déportés,<br />

bombardés, massacrés. Il<br />

y a <strong>de</strong>s milliers d'assassinats dont<br />

on sait qu'ils ont été commis par<br />

la contre-guérilla. La ville <strong>de</strong> Lice<br />

a été assiégée <strong>et</strong> il y a eu <strong>de</strong>s centaines<br />

<strong>de</strong> morts, une horreur.<br />

- Pensez-vous que la presse<br />

turqut fait son travail <strong>d'information</strong><br />

sur le problème kur<strong>de</strong>?<br />

- C'est difficile <strong>de</strong> travailler<br />

quand on a peur. Beaucoup <strong>de</strong><br />

gens ont peur. QZUT Gun<strong>de</strong> est<br />

sans cesse interdit. D'ailleurs,<br />

pour protester contre cela, nous<br />

sommes un groupe <strong>de</strong> 30 écrivains<br />

- dont <strong>de</strong>ux Kur<strong>de</strong>s - qui<br />

avons décidé d'écrire chaque jour<br />

dans ses colonnes pour dire notre<br />

soutien. Et, pour faire c<strong>et</strong>te action,<br />

j'ai contacté <strong>de</strong>s gens que<br />

j'estime <strong>et</strong> qui ont refusé parce<br />

qu'ils ont peur. Moi-même, je me<br />

considère comme un romancier<br />

<strong>de</strong> la peur à cause <strong>de</strong> livres<br />

comme «Salman le solitaire.., «La<br />

Yachar Kemal, le «Sage vivantJ, en turc, est un conteur d'épopées d'un<br />

autre âge, un poète <strong>de</strong> la te"e <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s brigands. Horst Tappe<br />

grotte» ou «La voie du sang». Et,<br />

à 70 ans, je me dis que je ne <strong>de</strong>vrais<br />

pas avoir peur, mais j'ai<br />

peur quand même. Mais l'oppression<br />

continue <strong>et</strong> je parle.<br />

- Avez-vous l'impression que<br />

l'histoire bégaie?<br />

- Qui. Je pense que <strong>de</strong>puis<br />

septante ans, nous vivons en<br />

Turquie une sorte <strong>de</strong> fascisme<br />

latent. Et il n'y aura jamais <strong>de</strong><br />

démocratie en Turquie si on ne<br />

résout pas le problème kur<strong>de</strong><br />

autrement que par les armes. Et<br />

je préviens tout le mon<strong>de</strong>. La<br />

démocratie en Turquie, ce n'est<br />

pas seulement important pour<br />

les Kur<strong>de</strong>s ou les Turcs. C'est<br />

fondamental pour l'équilibre du<br />

mon<strong>de</strong> entier dans c<strong>et</strong>te région<br />

sensible. De ce point <strong>de</strong> vue, je<br />

trouve que l'Europe n'ai<strong>de</strong> pas<br />

assez la Turquie à apprendre la<br />

démocratie.<br />

- Avez-vous peur d'une<br />

guerre civile?<br />

- Oui, si l'on s'obstine à ne<br />

penser qu'à une solution militaire.<br />

La politique actuelle n'est<br />

qu'une politique <strong>de</strong> provocations.<br />

Mais je dois dire une chose; j'ai<br />

confiance dans la gran<strong>de</strong> amitié<br />

entre les peuples kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>et</strong><br />

l<br />

I<br />

turque. Après tout ce qu'il y a eu<br />

ces <strong>de</strong>rniers mois, tous les massacres,<br />

il <strong>de</strong>vrait y avoir déjà eu<br />

une guerre civile, d'autant qu'il y<br />

a plus <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s à Izmir ou Istanbul<br />

que dans le sud-est du<br />

pays. Dans mon rapport à Ozal,<br />

j'ai rappelé que dans la guerre du<br />

Vi<strong>et</strong>nam, ce n'est pas seulement<br />

le peuple vi<strong>et</strong>namien qui a<br />

vaincu l'Amérique, mais aussi le<br />

peuple américain! Et les peuples<br />

du mon<strong>de</strong> entier avec.<br />

- Que dites-vous à ceux qui<br />

expliquent que la solution est<br />

dans le développement économique<br />

<strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te région?<br />

- Je suis un peu méfiant.<br />

Ceux qui parlent d'abord économie<br />

sont ceux dont les affaires<br />

avec le Kurdistan sont affectés<br />

par la guerre. Il y a un Dieu capitaliste<br />

qui n'a pas d'état d'àme.<br />

Il s'occupe <strong>de</strong> ses intérêts. Quant<br />

au proj<strong>et</strong> du gouvernement dans<br />

le sud-est, dit proj<strong>et</strong> GAP, il ne<br />

sera pas suffisant <strong>et</strong>, <strong>de</strong> toute façon,<br />

il faudra au moins dix ans<br />

pour qu'il ait <strong>de</strong>s eff<strong>et</strong>s. On vit<br />

dans une situation pire qu'avant<br />

le coup d'Etat <strong>de</strong> 1971.<br />

Propos recueillis par<br />

Christine Saramito D<br />

109


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RMSTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASLN ÖZETÎ<br />

\.1Y - \~l'I1Cl' ILlIlll' l'll'\\l'- \. L l'. - \~l'l1ll'I r.lllll"1'1\"'l'- \ I. Il - \~llill'i LIIIl' l'n'\\l'- \. L l'. - \~l'llll'Ir.ll1ll'l'll'''l' - \.I Y<br />

FRA0058 4 I 0276 /AFP-J096<br />

Ir"ak-KI..lt'<strong>de</strong>s<br />

Le PKk a transféré sa base <strong>de</strong> la Bekaa (Liban) au Kurdistan d'Irak, affirme<br />

Massoud Bar"zan i<br />

MANAMA, 19 déc (AFP) - Le chef du Parti démocratique du Kurdistan d'Irak<br />

(PDK) Massoud Barzani a affirmé dimanche que le Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du<br />

Kurdistan turc (PKK, séparatiste) avait transféré sa base <strong>de</strong> la pleine<br />

libanaise <strong>de</strong> la Bekaa vers le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak.<br />

"La base dlJ PKK (qui mène la guéri lIa contt"e le gouver"nement tr"uc) a été<br />

transférée <strong>de</strong> la Bekaa ~ Zéli (dans le kurdistan d'Irak) o~ ses combattants<br />

, s'entrainent", a déclaré M. Barzani, dans une interview publiée par le<br />

quotidien arabe al-Hayat.<br />

Il a estimé le nombre <strong>de</strong>. ces combattants ~ un millier, ajoutant que ce<br />

transfert "viole un accord (entre le PKK <strong>et</strong> le +gouvernement kur<strong>de</strong>+)<br />

interdisant au premier toute activité militaire ou d'entrainement au Kurdistan<br />

1;j' Ir"ak".<br />

Le "gouver"nement" kut"<strong>de</strong> ir"akien avait démenti le 11 novembr"e l'existence<br />

<strong>de</strong> base du PKK dans . le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak sous son<br />

.<br />

contrOle.<br />

M. Bar"zani, dont le par"ti par"ticipe au "gouver"nement kur"<strong>de</strong>" s'est déclar"é<br />

"hostile aux métho<strong>de</strong>s du PKK", qu'il a qualifié <strong>de</strong> "par"ti le plus danger"eux<br />

pour" la nat ion kur"<strong>de</strong>".<br />

"Il faut empêcher le PKK d'avoir la moindre présence dans notre région<br />

(••• ) <strong>et</strong> nous ne pouvons accepter" c<strong>et</strong>te pr"ésence", a ajouté le chef du PDK,<br />

menaçant d' "utiliser" la for"ce au besoin pOut" pr"évenir" ces combattants<br />

d'entt"er"" dans le nor"d <strong>de</strong> l' It"ak.<br />

"Nous soutenons les aspir"ations nationales <strong>de</strong> nos fr"èr"es kur"<strong>de</strong>s en<br />

Turquie, en Syrie <strong>et</strong> en Iran mais nous n'intervenons pas dans leurs affaires<br />

lntl::rieur"es <strong>et</strong> ils n'ont pas le dr"oit d' inter"fér"er"dans les nOtr"es", a ajouté<br />

le chef km"<strong>de</strong>.<br />

mh/bmk<br />

AFP 190922 DEC 93<br />

\. F Il - \~l'Illl'i r.lllll' 1'1\"'l'- \.I.ll. - \~l'l1ll'll.lllll'1)ll'''l'- \ I.Il - \~l'llll'l 1.I,Ill'l'll'''l- \.1'. l'. - \~l'l1ll'II.ll1ll'l'll'''l' - \.1.1'.<br />

FRAOljO 4 I 0187 TUR /AFP-KF55<br />

Turquie-Kur<strong>de</strong>s-Irak<br />

Pt"ès <strong>de</strong> 2citj r"ebelles kur"<strong>de</strong>s mis hot"S combat dans le nor"d it"akien, selon les<br />

autorités turques<br />

ANKARA, 19 déc (AFP) - Près <strong>de</strong> 200 rebelles kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> Turquie ont été mis<br />

hors combat lors d'une opération aérienne turque dans la région <strong>de</strong> Mazi-Zhori<br />

dans le nord irakien ~ 25 km au sud <strong>de</strong> la localité <strong>de</strong> Cukurca (sud-est<br />

anatolien), a-t-on annoncé officiellement dimanche.<br />

Des chasseurs turcs ont détruit samedi un convoi <strong>de</strong> cinq véhicules qui<br />

tt"anspot"taient quelq'Je 200 "t<strong>et</strong>"t"ot"istes" (pam" désigner" officiellement les<br />

r"ebelles km"<strong>de</strong>s) <strong>et</strong> ont "mis hor"s combat la quasi totalité <strong>de</strong>s t"ebelles",<br />

indique un communiqué <strong>de</strong> la préfecture <strong>de</strong> Diyarbakir, responsable <strong>de</strong>s<br />

provinces régions sous état d'urgence <strong>de</strong> la région.<br />

Il s'agit <strong>de</strong> la troisième opération <strong>de</strong>s forces turques contre <strong>de</strong>s<br />

positions du Parti <strong>de</strong>s Travailleurs du Kurdistan (PKK, séparatiste) en<br />

territoire kur<strong>de</strong> irakien <strong>de</strong>puis le 30 novembre.<br />

Le communiqué ne donne pas <strong>de</strong> bilan exacte <strong>de</strong> victime dans les t"angs du<br />

PKK qui a perdu au moins 113 <strong>de</strong> ses militants dans les dix <strong>de</strong>rniers jours,<br />

selon une ~ompilation <strong>de</strong> chiff~es officiels.<br />

ym/bmk<br />

AFP 191346 DEC 93<br />

110


REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ~RIVISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />

Protesting<br />

Kurds bring<br />

German<br />

town to a halt<br />

Reuters/AI/aralia<br />

Agency<br />

BONN- Thousands of Kurdish<br />

protesters <strong>de</strong>monstrating against<br />

Germany's ban on the activities of<br />

militant Kurdish groups brought the<br />

town of Kassel to a standstill on<br />

Saturday. Police said about 3,000<br />

Kurds marched into the center of the<br />

town after abandoning their buses<br />

on approach roads, bringing traffic<br />

around Kassel to a halt for several<br />

hours.<br />

The protesters were trying to<br />

attend a rally that had been banned<br />

by local authorities on the grounds<br />

that it was in support of the outlaw~d<br />

Kurdistan Worker's Party<br />

(PKK). Germany banned the PKK<br />

and 35 affiliated groups last month,<br />

saying they used \'iolence to achieve<br />

their aims and were a domestic<br />

security threat.<br />

Kurds living in Germany have<br />

staged protests across the country<br />

ever since and 150 Kurds are due to<br />

end a two-week hunger strike today.<br />

Reuter \Virephoto<br />

BANNING OF KURDS CONTINUE: A Kurdish cultural festival was canceled on Saturday in Kassel, Germany. Thousands of Kurds<br />

protested the cancellation and some of them were arrested by the German police.<br />

Turkish j<strong>et</strong>s raid PKK convoy<br />

Turkish Daily News<br />

ANKARA- Turkish j<strong>et</strong> fighters rai<strong>de</strong>d a convoy<br />

of Kurdish militants on Saturday in northern<br />

Iraq killing an unspecified number of guerrillas,<br />

authorities announced Sunday.<br />

According to a written statement from the<br />

office of the Emergency Rule Governor, security<br />

forces received intelligence reports that a<br />

group of 200 terrorists of the clan<strong>de</strong>stine<br />

Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) were moving<br />

in northern Iraq towards the Turkish bor<strong>de</strong>.r, ~5<br />

kilom<strong>et</strong>ers south of the Çukurca township In<br />

the province of Hakkari.<br />

The statement said the reports were confirmed,<br />

and Turkish j<strong>et</strong>s had attacked the convoy<br />

of five vehicles carrying the terrorists in<br />

the Maz! Zhori region in northern Iraq. The<br />

vehicles were <strong>de</strong>stroyed and many militants<br />

who survived the attack were killed while trying<br />

to escape, the statement conclu<strong>de</strong>d.<br />

111


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

turkish daily news - Mondoy. D(!('(!I1/!J(!r 20. /993<br />

Barzani:<br />

PKK bases<br />

moved from<br />

Bekaa to N. Iraq<br />

Iraqi Kurdish lea<strong>de</strong>r threatens to<br />

use force if necessary to oust<br />

PKKfrom the r<strong>et</strong>gion Iraqi Kurdish lea<strong>de</strong>r Massoud Barzani<br />

Turkish Dailv Nell's<br />

ANKARA- The bases ûf ihe ûutlawed Kurdistan<br />

Wûrkers' Party (PKK), which used to. be in the<br />

Syrian-cûntrolled Bekaa<br />

to. Nûrthern Iraq, Iraqi<br />

Valley,<br />

Kurdish<br />

have nûw mûved<br />

lea<strong>de</strong>r Massûud<br />

Barzani said Sunday.<br />

Barzani said in an interview with the al-Hayat<br />

daily that he believed abûut 1000 militants ûf the<br />

ûrganizatiûn had cûme to. Nûrthern<br />

Anatûlia news agency repûrted frûm<br />

Iraq, the<br />

Cairo.. He<br />

ad<strong>de</strong>d that the PKK wûuld be cûnsi<strong>de</strong>red as having<br />

viûlated alreviûus agreement b<strong>et</strong>ween the ûrganizatiûn<br />

an the Iraqi Kurdish peshmergas if they<br />

mûve their bases there.<br />

. Nevertheless. "they have mûved their bases to.<br />

Zeli in nûrthern Iraq. The military maneuvers are<br />

carried ûut there," he said, adding that they were<br />

nût cûncerned with this ûrganizatiûn's activities in<br />

Turkey but their activities in Nûrthern Iraq was<br />

anûther matter.<br />

"They see themselves as an alternative to. the<br />

Nûrthern Iraqi administratiûn," Barzani said.<br />

He ad<strong>de</strong>d that he had had a me<strong>et</strong>ing with a<br />

Turkish <strong>de</strong>legatiûn that was chaired by a special<br />

eilVûy ûf Prime Minister Tansu Çiller.<br />

The Kurdish peshmergas had carried ûut an<br />

ûperatiûn the search the bûr<strong>de</strong>r regiûn b<strong>et</strong>ween Iraq<br />

and Turkey three weeks ago. but annûunced that a group ûf armed militia ûn the HQ ûf the 24<br />

they fûund no.Turkish presence. Bnga<strong>de</strong> ûf the Kurdish Regiûnal Gûvernment uni-<br />

A week later, Turkey launched an air raid in the tied Peshmerga <strong>de</strong>fence fûrce, .<br />

regiûn, which was cnticized by the Iraqi kurds,. .Bûth parlles agreed to. cûntrûl the security situwho.<br />

claimed that nût PKK but Iraqi Kurd civilians atiûn jûintly and resûlve all ûutstanding issues in a<br />

were killed by the attack. spirit ûf bro~erhûûd and cooperatiûn. It was also.<br />

Barzani tûld al-Hayat that he received a message agreed to.regulate the bearing ûf anns by law.<br />

frûm Çiller. in which she said Turkey wûuld cûm- .• The implem~ntatiûn ûf all resûlutiûns that<br />

pensate fûr the damage caused by the raid and take were reached b<strong>et</strong>ween the lea<strong>de</strong>rship ûf. the two.<br />

precautiûns that it dûes nût happen in the future. parties and the <strong>de</strong>cisiûns reached by the dialûgue<br />

"We have to. stûp the PKK, which ûnly has cûmmittee ûf the two. political bureaus.<br />

insubstantial actiVIty in ûur regiûn," he said, .Bûth parties pleâge to. unify their practical<br />

adding that the peshmergas wûuld use fûrce if nec- pûlicies ûver all majûr Issues affecting the Kurdish<br />

essary to. prevent PKK infiltratiûn into. the regiûn. mûvement in general, regiûnal pûwers and anned<br />

In a related <strong>de</strong>veloEment, Barzani and Patriûtic militias in IraqI Kurdistan.<br />

Uniûn ûf Kurdistan (PUK) Lea<strong>de</strong>r 1alal Talabani .The establishment ûf an eight member jûint<br />

held a jûint me<strong>et</strong>ing in Erbil Saturday. lea<strong>de</strong>rship cûuncil b<strong>et</strong>ween the two. parties which<br />

They discussed the current secunty situatiûn in will inclu<strong>de</strong> Barzani and Talabani, the Speaker ûf<br />

nûrthern Iraq and the arrangement ûf a lûng-term the Kurdish Assembly, the head ûf the regiûnal<br />

strategic agreement that wûuld cûnsûlidate cû- gûvernment and two. ûther leadinf members ûf<br />

ûperatlOn b<strong>et</strong>ween the two. parties and strengthen each ûrganizatiûn, The new cûunci willlead the<br />

Kurdish unity. . Kurdish mûvement in Iraqi Kurdistan.<br />

At the end ûf the me<strong>et</strong>ing a statement including. .Bûth si~es recûg~ized the need ûf a jûint polithe<br />

fûllûwing pûints was released:<br />

cy and a umtied posItIOn to. promûte the mterest ûf<br />

.The me<strong>et</strong>mg addressed the security situatiûn in Kurdish mûvement and preserve the Kurdish<br />

Kurdish tûwns and discussed the circumstances ûf Assembly and the regiûnal gûvernment in a spirit<br />

recent viûlent inci<strong>de</strong>nts that fûllûwed the attack by ûf partnership.<br />

112


REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RIVISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />

U.S. Har<strong>de</strong>ns Stand<br />

On Iraq in Move to<br />

Keep UN Oil Ban<br />

By Paul Lewis<br />

Nrw York Ti_ S~r'iic~<br />

UNITED NATIONS, New<br />

York - Har<strong>de</strong>ning its position toward<br />

Saddam Hussein's government,<br />

the Clinton administration<br />

wants to impose tou!h new reqùirements<br />

for lifting the United Nations<br />

ban on Iraqi oil exports.<br />

The United States is urging other<br />

members of the Security Council to<br />

insist that Iraq recognize Kuwait as<br />

an in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt country and stop<br />

persecuting dissi<strong>de</strong>nt Kurds and<br />

Shiite Muslims.<br />

These conditions would be in addition<br />

to the council's <strong>de</strong>mands,<br />

ma<strong>de</strong> at the end of the Gulf war,<br />

that Iraq disalm and l<strong>et</strong> the UN<br />

monitor its military industries.<br />

The U.S. position, supported by<br />

Britain, France and Russia, three<br />

of the council's other four permanent<br />

members, stems from mistrust<br />

of Mr. Saddam, officials said. It<br />

makes it less likely than seemed to<br />

be the case a few months ago that<br />

Iraq will start seJling oil again soon.<br />

The position of èbina, the fifth<br />

permanent member, is not known.<br />

Over the last year, the price of oil<br />

has dropped from about $19 a barrel<br />

to about $14.50. This was mainly<br />

because of weak <strong>de</strong>mand but<br />

also because the mark<strong>et</strong> conclu<strong>de</strong>d<br />

that Iraq was trying to strike a <strong>de</strong>al<br />

with the Security Council that<br />

would allow it to sell oil again.<br />

The tougher. U.S. policy could<br />

lead to a rise in prices.<br />

S<strong>et</strong>ting out the administration's<br />

position in an interview Friday,<br />

Ma<strong>de</strong>leine K. Albright, the U.S,<br />

representative at the United Na.<br />

tions, called for "a two-phased approach"<br />

to lifting the ban on Iraqi<br />

oil sales.<br />

INTERNATIONAL<br />

First, she said, Rolf Ekeus, head<br />

of the. UN commission overseeing<br />

Iraq's disarmament, must certify<br />

that Iraq has abandoned its nuclear,<br />

cheJJl1caland biological weapon<br />

programs as called for in Security<br />

Council Resolution 687.<br />

The special commission must<br />

also show, she said, that it is able to<br />

monitor Iraqi industry to make<br />

sure Iraq does not try to make such<br />

weapons again.<br />

"I've said we want a proven track<br />

record of six to 12 months' monitoring,"<br />

Mrs. Albright said.<br />

But in addition, she said, Iraq's<br />

compliance with other Security<br />

Council resolutions must be taken<br />

into account in "any assessment of<br />

its readiness to rejoin soci<strong>et</strong>y."<br />

This means the Iraqi presi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />

must give "clear evi<strong>de</strong>nce of respect<br />

for Kuwait's bor<strong>de</strong>rs" and also<br />

"show respect for his own people"<br />

by ending his blocka<strong>de</strong> of the<br />

Kurds in the north and his attacks<br />

against dissi<strong>de</strong>nt Shiite Muslims in<br />

the south.<br />

This summer, Mr. Ekeus got a<br />

green light from Washington, <strong>Paris</strong><br />

HERALD TRIBUNE<br />

MONDAY, DECEMBER 20, 1993<br />

and London before going to Baghdad<br />

to try to persua<strong>de</strong> Iraqi officials<br />

their best chance of g<strong>et</strong>Ung the<br />

oil embargo lifted was by cooperating<br />

with the disarmament requirements<br />

imposed at the end of the<br />

Gulf War.<br />

Mr. Ekeus based his talks on a<br />

literal reading of Resolution 687,<br />

which says the ban on foreign<br />

countries' buying Iraqi oil "shall<br />

have no futther force or effect"<br />

once the council <strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong>s Iraq has<br />

complied fully with its disarmament<br />

<strong>de</strong>mands.<br />

Iraq would thus be free to resume<br />

oil exports, and reap billions<br />

of dollars in revenue, though the<br />

Security Council is expected to insist<br />

that a third of the money be<br />

used as compensation for victims<br />

of Iraq's invasion of Kuwait.<br />

But U.S. officials now argue that<br />

the council is effectively being<br />

asked to judge the likelihood that<br />

Mr. Saddam will continue respecting<br />

those provisions after the ban<br />

on oil sales is lifted.<br />

A.F.P. - Agence France Presse - A.F.P. - Agence France Presse - A.F.P. - Agence France Presse - A.F.P. - Agence France Press<br />

FRA0391 4 G 0335 FRA (AFP-UVeO<br />

Di v<strong>et</strong>'S-incend ie<br />

Incendie <strong>de</strong> Mulhouse: l'enquête s'annonce difficile alors que le<br />

propriétaire soupçonne les séparatistes kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

MULHOUSE, 20 déc (AFP) - Au len<strong>de</strong>main <strong>de</strong> la confirmation <strong>de</strong> la thèse<br />

criminelle dans l'enquête sur l'incendie d'Un immeuble occupé par <strong>de</strong>s Turcs<br />

qui a fait six morts <strong>et</strong> cinq blessés, le 21 novembre à Mulhouse (Haut-Rhin),<br />

l'enquête s'annonçait délicate, mardi, alors que le propriétaire <strong>de</strong> l'immeuble<br />

affirmait soupçonner les séparatistes kur<strong>de</strong>s.<br />

Les résultats <strong>de</strong>s analyses <strong>de</strong> prélèvements ont révélé <strong>de</strong>s traces<br />

d'hydrocarbures dans la cage d'escalier, notamment au premier étage, où se<br />

trouvait l'appartement du propriétaire, Bayram Gocurucu •.<br />

Les enquêteurs n'excluaient, mardi, aucune piste, vengeance d'ordre privé<br />

ou commercial, acte raciste. Mais ils ont également entendu le propriétaire<br />

qui leut' a détaillé les tent.atives <strong>de</strong> pt'élèvement "d'impôt t'évolutionnait'e"<br />

par <strong>de</strong>s inconnus <strong>de</strong> la mouvance du PKK (Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du Kurdistan,<br />

en lutte contre le régime d'Ankara). Une pratique selon la police répandue en<br />

Alsace, où est installée une forte communauté turque.<br />

M. Gocurucu, qui a toujours soutenu la thèse d'un acte criminel, a<br />

réitéré, mardi, à <strong>de</strong>s journalistes ses soupçons à l'encontre <strong>de</strong>s séparatistes<br />

kl"n'<strong>de</strong>s•.<br />

Affit'mant "avoit' toujol.tt'spel.tt''', M. GOCI.tt'I.lCU a expliqué qu'entt'e septembt'e<br />

<strong>et</strong> fin octobre <strong>de</strong>rniers, différents groupes d'hommes, inconnus <strong>de</strong> lui <strong>et</strong> se<br />

t'éclamant "<strong>de</strong> la calJse ki_n'<strong>de</strong>", étaient venus quatt'e ou cinq fois à son magasin<br />

ou à son étal au marché lui réclamer une somme <strong>de</strong> 15 à 20.000 francs.<br />

Devant ses refus réitérés, les hommes, sans proférer <strong>de</strong> menaces<br />

explicites, auraient indiqué à leur <strong>de</strong>rnier passage qu'ils auraient "<strong>de</strong> toutes<br />

façon c<strong>et</strong> argent". M. Gocurucu, qui avait ouvert son commerce en 1990, affirme<br />

n' avo it' ét é v ict ime d'aucune <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> "d' impôt t~évo1ut ionnaÏt'e" avant c<strong>et</strong><br />

automne.<br />

Le 3 novembre, le commerçant déposait plainte contre X au commissariat<br />

pour tentative d'extorsion <strong>de</strong> fonds.<br />

113


FRA0519 4 I 0233 IRK /AFP-R~~6<br />

It~ak-:K,.w<strong>de</strong>s<br />

Affrontement inter-kur<strong>de</strong> dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak: 10 morts ou blessés<br />

ERBIL (Irak), 20 déc (AFP) - Deux formations kur<strong>de</strong>s irakiennes se sont<br />

affrontés lundi dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak, qui échappe au contt~Öle <strong>de</strong> Bagdad, ont<br />

indiqué <strong>de</strong>s responsables kur<strong>de</strong>s dans c<strong>et</strong>te région, ajoutant que l'affrontement<br />

a fait dix morts ou blessés.<br />

Six combattants du Parti démocratique du Kurdistan (PDK, <strong>de</strong> Massoud<br />

Barzani) <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux <strong>de</strong> la Ligue islamique du Kurdistan (LIK) ont été tués ou<br />

blessés dans ces combats, selon <strong>de</strong>s t~esponsables du "gouvernement" kut~<strong>de</strong><br />

autoproclamé dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak.<br />

Les combats, ont-ils précisé, se sont déroulés dans les localités <strong>de</strong> Rania<br />

<strong>et</strong> Koysen~ak, près <strong>de</strong> la frontière avec l'Iran.<br />

Parmi les victimes figuren~ <strong>de</strong>ux personnes non-i<strong>de</strong>ntifiées, ont-ils<br />

ind iqué.<br />

De sources proche~ du PDK, on a accusé le LIK d'avoir provoqu' les combats<br />

à l'instigation <strong>de</strong> l'Iran. Le LIK s'est refusé pour sa part à fournir les<br />

raisons <strong>de</strong>s combats.<br />

Des affrontements ont eu lieu il y a une semaine entre le PDK <strong>et</strong> une aile<br />

du parti socialiste kur<strong>de</strong> dirigée par Hama Haci Mahmoud, personnalité proche<br />

<strong>de</strong> l'Iran, faisant au moins trois morts.<br />

Le PDK, qui constitue avec l'Union patriotique du Kurdistan (UPK, <strong>de</strong><br />

Jalal Talabani) les <strong>de</strong>ux principales formations kur<strong>de</strong>s d'Irak, avait accusé M.<br />

Haci Mahmoud d'exécuter un plan iranien pour <strong>de</strong>stabiliser la région.<br />

ls-mch/mfo<br />

AFP 202238 DEe 93<br />

Le Mon<strong>de</strong>-20 décembre 1993<br />

DIPLOMATIE<br />

La. Turquie <strong>et</strong> le Liban<br />

renforcent leurs relations<br />

Le premier ministre turc,<br />

[fansu Ciller, <strong>et</strong> son homologue<br />

libanais, Rafle Hariri, ont abordé<br />

(I tous les aspects» <strong>de</strong>s relations<br />

bilatérales, jeudi 16 <strong>et</strong> vendredi<br />

17 décembre, au cours <strong>de</strong> la première<br />

visite officielle en Turquie<br />

41'un premier ministre libanais,<br />

qualifiée <strong>de</strong> Il très importante»<br />

par une source gouvernementale<br />

turque. Les entr<strong>et</strong>iens ont notam-<br />

;ment porté sur la coopération en<br />

.matière <strong>de</strong> sécurité, en particulier<br />

contre le Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du<br />

~l,1!distan (PKK, séparatiste), a<br />

îndiqué la même source. La Tur-<br />

'quie, qui souhaite aussi procé<strong>de</strong>r<br />

,à <strong>de</strong>s échanges <strong>d'information</strong>s, a<br />

'<strong>de</strong>mandé au Liban <strong>de</strong>. ne pas'<br />

autoriser le PKK - qui dispose<br />

d'un camp d'entraînement dans<br />

la plaine libanaise <strong>de</strong> la Bekaa<br />

sous contrôle syrien - à agir sur<br />

son territoire. On indique <strong>de</strong><br />

source turque qu'Ankara s'est<br />

;félicité <strong>de</strong> Il l'attitu<strong>de</strong> constructive»<br />

<strong>de</strong> M. Hariri sur le dossier JII<br />

du PKK. - (AFP.) .. . Il<br />

114<br />

L'Humanité<br />

20 décembre 1993<br />

Attaque turque<br />

au Kurdistan<br />

, ,A Ankara, on annonçait offi~<br />

ciellement, dimanche, que « près<br />

<strong>de</strong> 200 rebelles kur<strong>de</strong>s » avaient<br />

'été mis hors c


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVlEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA<br />

STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

turkish daily news / December 21, 1993<br />

Iraqi Kurds join lea<strong>de</strong>rship, prepare to crackdown on PKK<br />

Turkish Daily News<br />

ANKARA- The two majority/arties in Kurdish-c~ntroIled<br />

northern Iraq are expecte t~ take stronge~ actIOn<br />

against Turkey's outlawed KurdIstan Workers Party<br />

(PKK) in the coming days.<br />

On Saturday, the pohtburos of Masoud Barza~!'s Ku~distan<br />

Democratic Party (KDP) and Jalal Talabam s Patn"<br />

-{JtieUnion of Kurdistan (PUK) m<strong>et</strong>to conclu<strong>de</strong> an agreemcntto<br />

create a strategic alliance b<strong>et</strong>ween their forces.<br />

The process had started on O<strong>et</strong>. 18 when the KDP and<br />

PUK established a joint communique to prepare the grounds<br />

for a strategic agreement.<br />

Having finalized work in this field, Talabaili and Barzani<br />

signed this weekend a major <strong>de</strong>cision to create a joint<br />

lea<strong>de</strong>rship committee, for all of Iraqi Kurdistan.<br />

One of the highlights of the agreement was the <strong>de</strong>cision<br />

to send all questions concerning domestic and foreign issues<br />

to the new lea<strong>de</strong>rship council. The KDP and PUK<br />

would thus act according to the <strong>de</strong>cisions of this committee.<br />

Based on Iraqi Kurdish sourres, the council is to con~ist<br />

of Barzani, Talabani, the Parliament speaker, the Kurdish<br />

prime minister and two members from both the KDP and<br />

the PUK. Kurdish relations with Baghdad and neighlloring<br />

countries wil} be <strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong>d by this council.<br />

In a statementlssued after the me<strong>et</strong>Ing, the Kurds stre~sed<br />

thatthis council "will <strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong> on all major issues re~arding<br />

Kurdistan." The statement also noted that "relations<br />

with other Kurdish movements and specifically the PKK,"<br />

would be <strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong>d by this council as well.<br />

Sources now report that preparations in north~rn Iraq<br />

are un<strong>de</strong>rway to introd~ce sen~us m~asur~s. agalnst,the<br />

PKK and to obstructthls orgamzatlon s activities against<br />

Turkey. Barzani, who has lashed out atthe PKK for not<br />

abiding by its ~revious agreements with the<br />

Kurds, is also mclined to throw the organization<br />

out of the Zaleh region on the Iranian<br />

bor<strong>de</strong>r. About a thousand militants are based<br />

in Zaleh, some 250 kilom<strong>et</strong>ers from the<br />

Turkish bor<strong>de</strong>r, where they!train and head<br />

back into Turkey either over Iran or through<br />

northern Iraq. "Very soon, there will be serious<br />

measures introduced against the PKK,"<br />

a source close to Barzani<br />

Daily News on Monday.<br />

told the Turkish<br />

"We will use force if necessary to prevent<br />

its elements from entering our<br />

Barzani told the London-based<br />

territory,"<br />

Arabic AI<br />

Hayat newspaper over the weekend. "I am<br />

against the m<strong>et</strong>hods of the PKK. It presents<br />

the most sicnificanl danger for the future of<br />

the Kurdish nation," he s~lid,<br />

Barzani currently <strong>de</strong>scribes the PKK as a<br />

terrorist organization and argues that its<br />

m<strong>et</strong>hods of warfare, which have so far claimed<br />

more than Il,000 lives in the Turkish<br />

southeast, justify this <strong>de</strong>finition.<br />

PUK lea<strong>de</strong>r Talabani, on the other hand,<br />

brands the PKK as "a nationalist movement<br />

with extremist policies."<br />

Asked wh<strong>et</strong>her Talabani was less enthusiastic<br />

to contend with the PKK. ßarzani said<br />

recently, "Som<strong>et</strong>imes my brother Jalal is<br />

even more enthusiastic hut som<strong>et</strong>imes he is<br />

less. My enthusiasm.<br />

permanenl."<br />

on the other hand. is<br />

Barzani and his KDP have sulTered the<br />

most from PKK activities in the region<br />

which have frequcntly sparked off Turkish<br />

air raids durinp which civilian ~<strong>et</strong>tlements<br />

allegedly have Deen hit as well.<br />

Tlle KDP is a dominant political force in<br />

the bor<strong>de</strong>r area. On several occasions, in r<strong>et</strong>aliation<br />

to PKK attacks, Turkish warplanes<br />

have even hit ßarzani's hom<strong>et</strong>own of Barzan.<br />

The Kurdish lea<strong>de</strong>r claimed such activities<br />

were meant as a warning to him, but<br />

cautioned in turn lhal such policies would<br />

hackfire on Turkey.<br />

The hor<strong>de</strong>I' area wa, evacuated by Kurdish<br />

peasants two years ago following an<br />

Iraqi attack and has since been uninhahlted.<br />

The Iraqi Kurd, insist that to repopulate these<br />

areas, Turkish air raids mllst cease. "The<br />

people ,arc otherwise afraid to r<strong>et</strong>llrn," Rarzalll<br />

s:lId.<br />

The Kurds have a trained army force of<br />

some 4,000 peshmerges in northern Iraq in<br />

contrastto Turkey's 140,000 troops in the<br />

southeast region.. . .<br />

The Kurds inslstthat bor<strong>de</strong>r secunty IS a<br />

jointtask and Turkey, with its greater resources,<br />

could have a much b<strong>et</strong>ter chance of<br />

guarding the bor<strong>de</strong>r area than they. Talabani<br />

recently told the TDN that most of the PKK<br />

militants were crossing into northern Iraq<br />

from Turkey and called on Ankara to do<br />

more 10 secure its bor<strong>de</strong>rs.<br />

Observers believe that with the new agreement<br />

b<strong>et</strong>ween the PUK and KDP, the Iraqi<br />

Kurds will be obliged to take the strong action<br />

they have promised against the PKK<br />

and prevenlthat organization from using the<br />

area 10 attack TurkIsh targ<strong>et</strong>s.<br />

Report: Western oil<br />

firms talk with Iraq<br />

Relllers<br />

NICOSIA- Several Western oil companies,<br />

U.S. majors, have held extensive exploratory<br />

including<br />

talks with<br />

Iraq on future oil production, the Middle<br />

Survey (MEES) said on Monday.<br />

East Economic<br />

The newsl<strong>et</strong>ter said Iraq had been holding<br />

talks with foreign oil firms since mid-1991.<br />

intermittent<br />

''It can only be assumed that the American firms have<br />

received some sort of green light from Washington before<br />

holding such senior level me<strong>et</strong>ings," MEES said.<br />

It saId senior Iraqi oil officials and representatives of a<br />

sizeable number of American and European oil companies<br />

held extensive rounds of exploratory talks in Anunan over<br />

the past three weeks on possible upstream activities ~nd<br />

projects. Discussions covered possible production shanng<br />

agreements and technical service contracts.<br />

Any agreements would <strong>de</strong>pend on the lifting of U.N.<br />

sanctions, but Iraq plainly wants to position itself to move<br />

quickly once they are lifted. .<br />

Diplomats and analysts say the earliest the general ban<br />

on buying Iraqi oil could be lifted is mid-1994 and many<br />

say itls unlikely before the end of 1994 or early 1995.<br />

MEES said the areas being discussed inclu<strong>de</strong>d discovered<br />

but un<strong>de</strong>veloped fields in south Iraq, and exploration<br />

and appraisal of other acreage such as tlie western <strong>de</strong>sert,<br />

the central area and the northwestern region near the S'yrian<br />

bor<strong>de</strong>r. "Iraq offered to provi<strong>de</strong> the companies with seIsmic<br />

and geological data during the next round of talks, provi<strong>de</strong>d<br />

that these me<strong>et</strong>ings are held in Baghdad from now on,"<br />

MEES said. The newsl<strong>et</strong>ter said the frrms Iraq had earlier<br />

been holding talks with had been ~rincipally France's Total<br />

SA and Elf Aquitaine and Italy s Aglp SpA, as well as<br />

some in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt U.S. oil companies.<br />

"It is expected that a stron~ comp<strong>et</strong>itive play will gather<br />

momentum during the next few months over the establish:<br />

ment of a stake m the highly promisin$ and rewarding<br />

acreage that Iraq is opening for foreign jomt ventures when<br />

the sanctions are lifted," MEES conunented.<br />

The newsl<strong>et</strong>ter interpr<strong>et</strong>ed the freeing over the past two<br />

weeks of British, French and German prisoners as the<br />

removal of one' more obstacle in the way of the lifting of<br />

sanctions.<br />

115


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEYOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÏ<br />

Defense Minister Gölhan: PKK wiped out by summer<br />

TDN Parliament<br />

Bureau<br />

ANKARA- Defense Minister Mehm<strong>et</strong><br />

Gölhan said on Monday that the outlawed<br />

Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) would be<br />

finished off by winter's end.<br />

"We'll break its backbone and chop off<br />

its head. And before the ons<strong>et</strong> of summer,<br />

the greater part of the job will have been<br />

done," he said.<br />

Parliament passed a TL 77,669,445 mil-<br />

. lion Defense Ministry budg<strong>et</strong> for 1994. The<br />

Defense Ministry budg<strong>et</strong> makes up 9.4 percent<br />

of the total budg<strong>et</strong>. In 1983, its percentage<br />

was hioher, at 10.4. .<br />

Addressing Parliament, Gölhan said it<br />

was compulsory for Turkey to base its <strong>de</strong>fense<br />

industry upon natural resources, citing<br />

the current 60 percent share of domestic<br />

industry in the production of fighter planes<br />

as a very auspicious <strong>de</strong>velopment for Turkey.<br />

Referring to Turkey's 250,000 draft<br />

eva<strong>de</strong>rs, the <strong>de</strong>fense minIster said that his<br />

ministry had only pointed out the gravity of<br />

the problem and had not drafted any eva<strong>de</strong>rs.<br />

He ad<strong>de</strong>d that if those university stu<strong>de</strong>nts<br />

who failed classes for two consecutive<br />

years were forcibly drafted, approximately<br />

80,000 stu<strong>de</strong>nts would have to join<br />

up. Gölhan disclosed that 30 percent of<br />

those of conscription age had had their military<br />

service <strong>de</strong>ferred to a later date. Of<br />

eva<strong>de</strong>rs, 22 percent are muster eva<strong>de</strong>rs or<br />

draft dodgers in hiding, he said, adding that<br />

7 percent were medically unfit to do their<br />

military service.<br />

"Totally, they constitute 60 percent of<br />

those old enough to be conscripted,"<br />

Gölhan said. The <strong>de</strong>fense minister ad<strong>de</strong>d<br />

that a total of 250,000 youths, including<br />

those who have had their compulsory military<br />

service <strong>de</strong>ferred, are old enough to be<br />

conscripted. .<br />

He ad<strong>de</strong>d that the en bloc recruitment of<br />

all such people was out of the question,<br />

consi<strong>de</strong>ring the limited housing capacity of<br />

military training facilities.<br />

Touching on the Greek position on the<br />

PKK problem, Gölhan said that Greece's<br />

approval of PKK terrorism was regr<strong>et</strong>table,<br />

adding that humanitarian aid to Armenia<br />

had only been sent after the Azeri authorities<br />

consented. Referring to <strong>de</strong>fense projects,<br />

Gölhan said $1 billion's worth of<br />

equipment and services would be purchased<br />

from abroad for Turkey's F-16 fighter<br />

planes project, adding that $853 million had<br />

been allocated to the project from the national<br />

budß<strong>et</strong>. Gölhan said $2.5 billion's<br />

worth of rInances had been obtained via<br />

U.S. foreign military sales loans. He disclosed<br />

that 130 fighter planes had been given<br />

to the Turkish Air Force up to Dec. I<br />

and that 30 more would be produced.<br />

Gölhan said that 46 F-16s were being produced<br />

for the E!!yptian Air Force at Ankara's<br />

Murted facifitles. He ad<strong>de</strong>d that CASA<br />

light tran~ort planes would soon roll off<br />

the production line there and that the productIOn<br />

of Stin~er missiles had also started.<br />

The <strong>de</strong>fense mInister revealed that 35 general-purpose<br />

helicopters had so far been <strong>de</strong>livered<br />

to Turkey by the United States.<br />

"Ten more will be <strong>de</strong>livered in January," he<br />

ad<strong>de</strong>d. The minister said the <strong>de</strong>livery of 20<br />

transport helicopters purchased from<br />

France would start in 1994.<br />

Gölhan said four of eight frigates purchased<br />

from the United States had been <strong>de</strong>livered<br />

and that the remain<strong>de</strong>r<br />

livered next year.<br />

would be <strong>de</strong>-<br />

Criticism of the budg<strong>et</strong><br />

Criticism directed against the Defense<br />

Ministry budg<strong>et</strong> was aimed more at the internal<br />

processes of the Turkish Armed<br />

Forces than at purchases ma<strong>de</strong> by the ministry.<br />

Welfare Party (RP) Van Deputy F<strong>et</strong>hullah<br />

Erba~ critiCIZed re~ulations preventing<br />

the entry of religiol!s hIgh school graduates<br />

to War Aca<strong>de</strong>mies.<br />

He <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>d that "battalion prayer lea<strong>de</strong>rs"<br />

be appointed, adding that hiS party was<br />

extremeTy disturbed by the expulsion of<br />

Turkish military officials on tlie grounds<br />

that their spouses wore headscarves or refrained<br />

from certain. social activities violating<br />

their religious beliefs.<br />

He also opposed what he called the politically-motivated<br />

awarding of <strong>de</strong>fense industry<br />

contracts to certain countries in an<br />

attempt to enter the European Union.<br />

Hasan Basri EIer, a Republican People's<br />

Party (CHP) representative, said he was opposed<br />

to the exploitation of the <strong>de</strong>fense in-.<br />

dustry by political means.<br />

"Certain contracts awar<strong>de</strong>d to certain<br />

countries to win them over to our si<strong>de</strong> will<br />

turn Turkey to a garbage dump of <strong>de</strong>fense<br />

products," he said.<br />

Referring to PKK terrorism in the Southeast,<br />

EIer said security forces had to differentiate<br />

b<strong>et</strong>ween innocent locals and terrorists.<br />

He further criticized the failure of the<br />

Turkish Chief of Staff headquarters to brief<br />

members of Parliament in a secr<strong>et</strong> session<br />

following the briefing of Prime Minister<br />

Tansu Çiller and press members. .<br />

Saying bor<strong>de</strong>rs were still controlled by<br />

the gendarmerie, EIer argued that bor<strong>de</strong>r security<br />

must be han<strong>de</strong>d over immediately to<br />

the Land Forces. "So that the gendarmerie<br />

could be more effective in effecting internal<br />

security," he said.<br />

True Path Party (DYP) Manisa Deputy<br />

Tevfik Diker argued that nationalist<br />

ments in the Balkans and Caucasus<br />

move-<br />

threatened<br />

security, adding the Russian stand on<br />

CFE (Treaty on Reducing Conventional<br />

Forces in Europe) stemmed from the United<br />

States' meek approach. He maintained<br />

that Turkey had to Increase its national <strong>de</strong>fense<br />

power because it was <strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt on<br />

the protection of U.S. nuclear power. .<br />

The RP Sakarya <strong>de</strong>puty claimed that the<br />

<strong>de</strong>signs of the Czarist Russians were still<br />

valid today, adding that a crusa<strong>de</strong>r mentality<br />

had been displayed in Bosnia, that Western<br />

powers ignored the fact that Algerian<br />

Muslims had won the elections in that<br />

country, and that more funds had to be allocated<br />

to research in the <strong>de</strong>fense industry.<br />

Motherland Party (ANAP) Istanbul Deputy<br />

Burhan Çelebican argued that following the<br />

<strong>de</strong>velopments in Russia, justifications for<br />

NATO s existence had been annulled a'nd<br />

that Turkey had to opt for a new <strong>de</strong>fense<br />

strategy.<br />

He <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>d that the upcoming <strong>de</strong>cisjon<br />

on extending the term of stay of OperatIon<br />

Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort had to be taken very carefully<br />

given its aim to establish a fe<strong>de</strong>rated<br />

Kurdish state in northern Iraq. He further<br />

<strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>d that the main opposition lea<strong>de</strong>r<br />

and the interior minister be accor<strong>de</strong>d p~rmanent<br />

status within the National Secunty<br />

Council (MGK).<br />

The Defense Ministry budg<strong>et</strong> pas~ed<br />

throuoh Parliament With all <strong>de</strong>puties<br />

t:l • Il " .<br />

present votIng yes.<br />

116


RE'/VE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PIŒNSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />

Les Turcs reconnaissent que<br />

le conflit kur<strong>de</strong> est une guerre<br />

La rébellion kur<strong>de</strong> s'intensifie <strong>et</strong> l'armée ne peut pas exercer<br />

un contrôle réel <strong>de</strong>s montagnes-forteresses du PKK.<br />

Le ministre d'Etat turc Necm<strong>et</strong>tin<br />

Cevheri vient d'aller soutenir le moral<br />

<strong>de</strong>s rares habitants restant à Lice, ville<br />

partiellement détruite lors <strong>de</strong> combats<br />

contre la guérilla kur<strong>de</strong>: en hélicoptère<br />

parce que les routes sont trop dangereuses,<br />

<strong>et</strong> aussi entouré <strong>de</strong> dizaines <strong>de</strong><br />

gar<strong>de</strong>s puissamment armés.<br />

CONTR6LE DIFFICILE<br />

Le Gouvernement turc ne cache<br />

plus qu'il mène une véritable guerre<br />

aux séparatistes kur<strong>de</strong>s mais, s'il leur a<br />

infligé <strong>de</strong> ru<strong>de</strong>s revers, il n'arrive encore<br />

à exercer qu'un contrôle très partiel<br />

sur leur bastion dans le sud-est<br />

montagneux du pays, région très pauvre<br />

où le Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du Kurdistan,<br />

plus connu sous ses initiales <strong>de</strong><br />

PKK, a lancé voilà une dizaine d'années<br />

son combat pour réclamer l'autonomie.<br />

Les combattants du PKK, estimés<br />

à 7000 par le Gouvernement <strong>et</strong> à<br />

plus <strong>de</strong> 15 000 par eux, maintiennent<br />

toute la région en otage.<br />

Ces <strong>de</strong>rniers mois, le conflit local<br />

s'est transformé en véritable guerre,<br />

qui menace l'économie <strong>et</strong> l'équilibre<br />

social <strong>de</strong> toute la Turquie. Ce pays est<br />

un allié vital pour les pays occi<strong>de</strong>nta~x,<br />

en raison <strong>de</strong> sa situation géographique:<br />

aux portes <strong>de</strong>s remuants pays<br />

du. Caucase <strong>et</strong> à l'entrée du Moyen-<br />

Onent. Selon certaines analyses, le<br />

Gouvernement consacre chaque année<br />

à la guerre plus <strong>de</strong> 36 milliards <strong>de</strong><br />

FF, <strong>et</strong> les tensions <strong>et</strong>hniques se sont<br />

accrues.<br />

PWS QUE DU TERRORISME<br />

Pendant <strong>de</strong>s années, le Gouvernemenf<br />

d'Ankara a traité ce foyer<br />

comme un problème <strong>de</strong> terrorisme localisé,<br />

ignorant les <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

qui réc!ament une autonomie <strong>et</strong> la<br />

protection <strong>de</strong> leur langue <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> leur<br />

culture. Aujourd'hui, le Gouvernement<br />

a engagé 140 000 soldats dans<br />

c<strong>et</strong>te guerre.<br />

Les brutalités du PKK lui ont aliéné<br />

la plupart <strong>de</strong>s six millions <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

<strong>de</strong> la région <strong>et</strong> ont révolté le pays tout<br />

entier. Les militants du PKK n'hésitent<br />

pas à assassiner <strong>de</strong>s enseignants <strong>et</strong><br />

les civils qui ne coopèrent pas. Presque<br />

chaque semaine, les obsèques d'un soldat<br />

turc sont l'occasion d'un rassemblement<br />

anti-PKK. Exemple récent:<br />

33. sold~.~..Jol.JS âgés d'une vingtaine<br />

d'années, ont été exécutés froi<strong>de</strong>ment<br />

d'une balle dans la tête après avoir été<br />

capturés.<br />

OPiRATIONS CRITIQUÉES<br />

Mais les opérations <strong>de</strong> l'armée ont<br />

aussi déclenché <strong>de</strong>s critiques. L'armée,<br />

en <strong>et</strong>T<strong>et</strong>, abuse <strong>de</strong>s évacuations<br />

forcées <strong>de</strong> villages, <strong>de</strong> tabassages <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />

<strong>de</strong>structions <strong>de</strong> maisons. Le Gouvernement<br />

a toujours dit que les excès<br />

étaient punis.<br />

Lice, une ville située à 110 km <strong>de</strong><br />

Diyarbakir, la principale ville du Sud-<br />

Est, a été le théâtre d'un <strong>de</strong>s plus gros<br />

«COuP~» du PKK: l'assassinat d'un<br />

général lors d'une bataille le 22 octobre<br />

<strong>de</strong>rnier. Plus <strong>de</strong> 10 000 personnes<br />

sont mortes <strong>de</strong>puis le début <strong>de</strong> 1'0tTensive<br />

du PKK en 1984, <strong>et</strong> près <strong>de</strong> 1000<br />

<strong>de</strong>puis août.<br />

RioION DANGEREUSE<br />

La région <strong>de</strong> Diyarbakir est <strong>de</strong>venue<br />

un vérit~ble coupe-gorge: il est risqué<br />

d'emprunter les routes du sud-est <strong>et</strong><br />

toutes les écoles sont fermées, à cause<br />

<strong>de</strong>s menaces du PKK. Au moins<br />

500 000 personnes ont fui la violence<br />

<strong>et</strong> se sont réfugiées à Diyarbakir (1,5<br />

million d'habitants).<br />

Les <strong>et</strong>Torts <strong>de</strong> la Turquie ont été soutenus<br />

récemment par <strong>de</strong>s opérations<br />

en France <strong>et</strong> en Allemagne contre les<br />

représentations du PKK - qui s'est<br />

aussi engagé ces <strong>de</strong>rniers mois dans<br />

<strong>de</strong>s prises d'otages occi<strong>de</strong>ntaux. ensuite<br />

libérés.<br />

AP<br />

A.F.P. - AgenceFrance Presse-A.F.P. - AgenceFrance Presse-A.F.P. - AgenceFrance Presse-A.F.P. - AgenceFrance Press<br />

FRA0255 4 I 0209 RFA /AFP-UK69<br />

Allemagne-Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

Les organisations kur<strong>de</strong>s interdites vont déposer un recours en justice<br />

BONN, 21 déc (AFP) - Les avocats du Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du Kurdistan<br />

(PKK) <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s 35 autres organisations kur<strong>de</strong>s qui ont été interdites le 26<br />

novembre en Allemagne ont annoncé mardi ~ Bonn leur intention <strong>de</strong> déposer une<br />

plainte <strong>de</strong>vant la Cour administrative fédérale pour faire annuler les<br />

int<strong>et</strong>~dictions.<br />

C<strong>et</strong>te mesure, qui touche le PKK, en lutte armée contre le pouvoir en<br />

Turquie, ainsi que <strong>de</strong> nombreuses associations culturelles soupçonnées <strong>de</strong> lui<br />

s<strong>et</strong>~vit~<strong>de</strong> couv<strong>et</strong>~tut~e, "tue toute la vie culturelle <strong>et</strong> politique" <strong>de</strong>s Kut~<strong>de</strong>s en<br />

Allemagne, a déclaré l'avocat Carl Hey<strong>de</strong>nreich lors d'une conférence <strong>de</strong> presse.<br />

L'interdiction pronoricée par le ministre <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur Manfred Kanther<br />

liest la continuation <strong>de</strong> la politiq'Je d'oppt"ession <strong>de</strong> l'Etat tUt~C", a plaidé Me<br />

Hey<strong>de</strong>m"eich.<br />

Les avocats ont distribué I_lndocument attt"ibué .\ un "Co.ité pOIJt"la<br />

défense <strong>de</strong>s dt"oits <strong>de</strong>s Kut"<strong>de</strong>s en RFA", qlJi jlJstifie ilIa lutte at~mée du peuple<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>, car tous les autres moyens ont échoué".<br />

Le texte regr<strong>et</strong>te néanmoins les affronte.ents qui ensanglantent le sud-est<br />

<strong>de</strong> la Turquie <strong>et</strong> expri.e l'espoir <strong>de</strong> voir émerger une solution politique au<br />

pt"oblème kut"<strong>de</strong>.<br />

cpb/sp<br />

AFP 211432 DEC 93<br />

117


1----<br />

REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RMSTA<br />

STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

A.EI~ - AgenceFrance Presse-A.EP. - ,\genceFrancePresse-/\.I~I~ - AgenceFrancePresse-A.EP - \gence FrancePresse-A.EP.<br />

FRA0254 4 lA 0159 TUR /AFP-UK27<br />

T'-lt~q uie-pt~esse<br />

29 employés dl_ljo'-lt~nalpt~o-kut~<strong>de</strong>OzgIJt~-Gun<strong>de</strong>m tou.jol_lt~S lien gat~<strong>de</strong> à<br />

vue"<br />

ANKARA, 21 déc (AFP) Vingt-neuf employés du journal pro-kur<strong>de</strong><br />

Ozgur-Gun<strong>de</strong>m (30.000 exemplaires) se trouvaient toujours mardi en gar<strong>de</strong> à vue<br />

après leur arrestation par la police le 10 décembre, journée internationale<br />

<strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'Homme, lors <strong>de</strong> perquisitions au siège <strong>et</strong> dan~ les bureaux<br />

provinciaux du quotidien. .<br />

Les 19 collaborateurs arrêtés à Istanbul doivent comparaitre <strong>de</strong>vant la<br />

Cour <strong>de</strong> SGr<strong>et</strong>é <strong>de</strong> l'Etat d'Istanbul (CSE) au plus tard vendredi, selon <strong>de</strong>s<br />

sources judiciaires. ,<br />

Me Osman Ergin, l'avocat du journal, a déclaré à l'AFP qu'aucune<br />

accusation n'avait encore été r<strong>et</strong>enue contre ces personnes, ni contre les 10<br />

arrêtées dans <strong>de</strong>s bureaux provinciaux. Le procureur <strong>de</strong> la Cour soupçonne le<br />

quotidien d'être '.lnorgane du Parti <strong>de</strong>s Travailleurs du Kurdistan (PKK,<br />

séparatiste), selon Me Ergin qui ~ej<strong>et</strong>te catégoriquement c<strong>et</strong>te accusation.<br />

YM/sp<br />

AFP 211430 DEC 93<br />

IRAK<br />

Le Mon<strong>de</strong><br />

21décembre 1993<br />

Une base <strong>de</strong>s séparatistes<br />

kur~,. <strong>de</strong> Turquie<br />

a <strong>et</strong>é tranSférée<br />

dans le nord du pays<br />

le chef du Parti démocratique<br />

du Kurdistan d'Irak (PDK).MassoudBarzani.<br />

a affirmé que le<br />

Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du Kurdistan<br />

turc (PKK, séparatiste) avait<br />

transféré sa base <strong>de</strong> la plaine<br />

libanaise <strong>de</strong> la Békaa vers Zéli,<br />

dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak. «ail ses<br />

combattants s'entrafnent ». Dans<br />

un' entr<strong>et</strong>ien publié, dimanche<br />

19 décembre, par le quotidien<br />

arabe El Hayat, M, Barzani a<br />

estimé le nombre <strong>de</strong> ces combattants<br />

à un millier. Ce transfert'<br />

constitue une «violation d'un<br />

accord (conciu entre le PKK <strong>et</strong> le<br />

Il gouvernement» kur<strong>de</strong>) interdisant<br />

au PKK toute activitt1 militaire<br />

ou d'entrafnement au Kùrdistan<br />

d'Irak JI. a-t-il souligné. le<br />

chef du PDK, dont les propos<br />

contredisent un récent démenti<br />

du «gouvernement» kur<strong>de</strong> ira-<br />

,kien concernànt là présence <strong>de</strong><br />

bases du PKK sur ce territoire'; a<br />

menacé d'« utiliser la force au<br />

besoin» pour les déloger. -<br />

(AFP.) ,<br />

Turquie : raid aérien' contre<br />

<strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s du nord irakien<br />

ISTANBUL. - l'aviation turque a attaqué'<strong>de</strong>s positions rebelles<br />

,kur<strong>de</strong>s dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak, déclare l'agence anatolienne <strong>de</strong><br />

presse,<br />

'<br />

Un conv~i <strong>de</strong> cinq véhicules appartenant à <strong>de</strong>~: rebelles du Parti<br />

<strong>de</strong>s travaIlleurs du Kurdistan (PKK) a, été détruit au 'cours <strong>de</strong><br />

l' op~ration, menée dans la région dli Mazi Zl:Iorl, AU' sÜQ-,es! ljEl,la<br />

provl!"ce turq.ue <strong>de</strong> Cukurca.Un raid sir;nilainl 'avbit prôvoqué la'<br />

semame <strong>de</strong>rnière la mort d'une cinquantaine <strong>de</strong> rebelles duPK~.<br />

Presse <strong>de</strong> la Manche - 23 décembre 1993<br />

,Ai<strong>de</strong> aux agriculteurs du Kurdistan<br />

Serge Mouhedin (1) qui s'occupe<br />

<strong>de</strong> l'association ai<strong>de</strong> aux<br />

agriculteurs du Kurdistan d'Irak,<br />

continue son' action qui 'débuta<br />

aù.~ço,urs,<strong>de</strong>, l'été 92. '<br />

Lors d'une rencontre à Ham"<br />

bye, il a bien voulu nous appor-<br />

~er quelques informations sur<br />

les actions entreprises.<br />

" ~ En eff<strong>et</strong>, lors <strong>de</strong> notre<br />

voyage en juill<strong>et</strong> 1~2 dans<br />

, <strong>de</strong>tte région du mon<strong>de</strong> dure-<br />

",ent. touchée par la guerre,<br />

';jous avons pu constaté les<br />

èlégâts':-3.400 villages complètement<br />

détruits <strong>et</strong> une agriculture<br />

réquite à néant.<br />

" Face:à c<strong>et</strong>te situation, nous<br />

ne pouvions pas rester. insensilile<br />

<strong>et</strong> naquit en nous une vo-<br />

:ronté <strong>de</strong> venir en ai<strong>de</strong> à ce<br />

'peuple. Les besoins étaient<br />

nombreux mais nous avons<br />

voulu c,ommencer par la base,<br />

c'est-à-dire: ai<strong>de</strong>r "agriculture.<br />

, ,,' En 1993,' nous avons réalisé<br />

ileùx, proj<strong>et</strong>s: ,<br />

- Réalisation d'une pépinière à<br />

Dohuk, grâce aux dcms', <strong>de</strong><br />

10':000 ,jeunes, plants (pom-<br />

, miers, poiriers, pêchers).<br />

- Distribution CIe 4S kg <strong>de</strong> semences<br />

(choux,' carottes, aubergines,<br />

oignons, poireaux, laitue)<br />

offertes par <strong>de</strong>s sociétés<br />

productrices, <strong>de</strong>-graines. '.<br />

- Le 3" proj<strong>et</strong> est en cours' <strong>de</strong><br />

réalisation, c'est la reconstruction<br />

du village <strong>de</strong> Paraki.<br />

Aujourd'hui, l'agriculture recommence<br />

doucement mais,les<br />

besoins restent nombreux <strong>et</strong><br />

lors, <strong>de</strong> notre voyage en juill<strong>et</strong><br />

93, nous avons reçu <strong>de</strong> nombreux<br />

proj<strong>et</strong>s.. ,<br />

Et, Serge Mouhedin nous fait<br />

part <strong>de</strong>s besoins actuels :<br />

- Graines <strong>et</strong> Jeunes plants:<br />

"ommiers, poiriers, pruniers,<br />

, pêchers.<br />

- Semences: lentilles, pois<br />

chiche, pomme <strong>de</strong>'terre, coton,<br />

tournesol, tomates, past~ques,<br />

haricots V3rtS, concombres, fèves,<br />

oignons, courg<strong>et</strong>tes, radis,<br />

carottes" aubergines, nav<strong>et</strong>s,<br />

melons, hariéots blancs, b<strong>et</strong>teraves,<br />

'choux, choux-fleur, sésame,<br />

poivrons, lentilles noires,<br />

riz <strong>et</strong> orge, blé, luzerne (aliment<br />

pour le, bétail). .<br />

• Engrais: phosphates, 'engrais<br />

simple, engrais composés.<br />

,<br />

- Produits phytosanitaires :<br />

fongici<strong>de</strong>s, insectici<strong>de</strong>s, herbici<strong>de</strong>s.<br />

- Produits vétérinaires: antibiotiques,<br />

,médicaments gastra-intestinaux,<br />

médicaments<br />

respiratoires, vitamines,' hormones,<br />

vermifuges:', vaccinS'<br />

(peste, variole, brucellose, fièvre<br />

aphtieuse <strong>et</strong> charbonneuse<br />

<strong>et</strong>c), besoins pour les inséminations<br />

arti,ficielles (gants, <strong>de</strong><br />

fouille <strong>et</strong>c) <strong>et</strong> instruments (ciseaux,<br />

seringues, stérilisateurs,<br />

microscopes <strong>et</strong>c). '<br />

- Maté",el pour, ,un ce~re<br />

d'apiculture: équipements <strong>et</strong><br />

instruments, pour les apiculteurs,<br />

matériel pour la ruche.<br />

• Besoins pour' un .Ievage '<strong>de</strong><br />

poules pon<strong>de</strong>uses: pous'sins<br />

d'un jour,-aliment, médicaments<br />

<strong>et</strong> vaccins" antibiotiques, <strong>et</strong>c. '<br />

- Matériel agricole ùsagé;<br />

"Université <strong>de</strong> Soulaima'niyah<br />

recherche pour sa station expé~<br />

riment~e: 2 stations <strong>de</strong>, pom-<br />

'page, <strong>de</strong>s' tracteurs, charriJes;<br />

pulvérisateurs, pestici<strong>de</strong>s <strong>et</strong> citernes.<br />

CALLISTEPHUS'<br />

(1) Association ai<strong>de</strong> aux agriculteurs<br />

du' Kurdistan d'Irak,'<br />

'. La Martinière.; 50450 Hambye,<br />

tél. 33.50.74.27 ou<br />

3,3.90.42.07. fax 33.5~,~3.10.'"<br />

•<br />

118


REVUE DE PRESSE, PRESS REVIEW,BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ,RlVlSTA STAMPA,DENTRO DE LA PRENSA,BASIN ÖZETi<br />

....<br />

N<br />

I<br />

Offensive contre<br />

les séparatistes kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

Thrquie : la guerre<br />

diplolDatique<br />

Après l'interdiction du PKK en France <strong>et</strong> en<br />

Allemagne, Ankara espère le soutien <strong>de</strong> Tél1éran.<br />

A défaut d'initiative politique,<br />

l'offensive diplomatique <strong>et</strong> militaire<br />

d'Ankara contre les séparatistes<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s du PKK se précise<br />

<strong>et</strong> s'étend. la visite, aujourd'hui<br />

en Turquie, du vice-prési<strong>de</strong>nt iranien<br />

Habibi <strong>et</strong> le mitraillage, dimanche<br />

au Kurdistan d'Irak, d'un<br />

convoi <strong>de</strong> maquisards du PKK<br />

(200 rebelles .. hors <strong>de</strong><br />

combat ») l'atteste.<br />

Abdülkadir Ates, député social-démocrate<br />

du sud-est <strong>et</strong> ministre<br />

du Tourisme, explique au<br />

Figaro pourquoi le gouvernement<br />

<strong>de</strong> M- Tansu Ciller s'interdit<br />

<strong>de</strong> négocier avec le PKK :<br />

Il On ne peut pas tendre un rameau<br />

d'olivier à <strong>de</strong>s gens qui attaquent<br />

les écoles <strong>et</strong> tuent <strong>de</strong>s<br />

constructeurs <strong>de</strong> barrages hydro-électriques.<br />

» '<br />

On assiste <strong>de</strong>puis l'échec <strong>de</strong><br />

la trêve <strong>de</strong> mai à l'accélération<br />

du cycle terrorisme-répression <strong>et</strong><br />

à la banalisation <strong>de</strong>s incursions<br />

terrestres <strong>et</strong> aériennes <strong>de</strong> l'armée<br />

turque au Kurdistan d'Irak.<br />

le raid <strong>de</strong> dimanche est le troisième<br />

<strong>de</strong>puis le 30 novembre.<br />

Sur le territoire turc, quelque 200<br />

000 militaires font la chasse à<br />

environ 10 000 ou 15 000 guérilleros,<br />

appuyés par plusieurs dizaines<br />

<strong>de</strong> milliers <strong>de</strong> « rése,r-<br />

vistes ,~ Au'! assassinats<br />

perpétrés par !ttS « barbouzes »<br />

<strong>de</strong> la .. contre-guérilla " <strong>et</strong> aux<br />

pacifications meurtrières <strong>de</strong><br />

bourga<strong>de</strong>s comme Lice<br />

(140 morts, en octobre, selon les<br />

Kur<strong>de</strong>s) font écho les exactions<br />

:lu PKK décidé à m<strong>et</strong>tre la popu-<br />

'ation kur<strong>de</strong> au pas: <strong>de</strong>s dizaines<br />

je villageois massacrés comme<br />

)rogouvernementaux <strong>et</strong> une<br />

~uarantalne d'instituteurs .. exé-<br />

=utés » comme propagandiste*<br />

~e la langue turqutr. A Ankara,<br />

les .. durs .. ont obtenu la sus;.<br />

f*lfskm 'f'Ozgur Gun<strong>de</strong>m, lè<br />

seul journal kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>et</strong> réclament<br />

"expulsipn <strong>de</strong>s députés kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

ju Parlement.<br />

l'état-major est persuadé<br />

que le .. terrorisme» cessera s'il<br />

prive le PKK <strong>de</strong> ses « sanctuaires<br />

». Il a conclu <strong>de</strong>s accords<br />

avec les dirigeants kur<strong>de</strong>s d'Irak,<br />

<strong>et</strong> tout particulièrement avec<br />

Massoud Barzani. Barzani <strong>et</strong> son<br />

allié rival Jalal Talabani savent<br />

que leur région, qui est coupée<br />

<strong>de</strong> Bagdad <strong>de</strong>puis le printemps<br />

1991, ne peut survivre sans les<br />

marchandises qui transitent par<br />

la Turquie. C<strong>et</strong>te coopération satisfait<br />

<strong>de</strong> moins en moins l'armée<br />

turque. D'où la multiplication <strong>de</strong>s<br />

incursions <strong>et</strong> bombar<strong>de</strong>ments ....<br />

<strong>et</strong> une déclaration, fort attendue<br />

à Ankara, <strong>de</strong> M. Barzani accusant<br />

le PKK <strong>de</strong> violer un accord<br />

avec le gouvernement kur<strong>de</strong> d'Irbil<br />

lln entrainant un millier <strong>de</strong><br />

guérilleros dans la base <strong>de</strong> Zeli<br />

(Kurdistan d'Irak).<br />

Coopération<br />

les efforts <strong>de</strong>s diplomates<br />

turcs pour .. verrouiller» le PKK<br />

commencent à donner <strong>de</strong>s résultats.<br />

l'Allemagne puis la France<br />

ont donné un coup d'arrêt à ses<br />

activités sur leurs territoires. la<br />

Syrie <strong>et</strong> le Liban ont promis leur<br />

assistance ... la visite à Ankara<br />

du vice-prési<strong>de</strong>nt irakien M. Habibi<br />

est importante. les Turcs atten<strong>de</strong>nt<br />

<strong>de</strong> l'armée <strong>de</strong> Téhéran<br />

qu'elle interdise au PKK <strong>de</strong> transHer<br />

par le territoire iranien.<br />

M. Habibi a déjà promis une plus<br />

gran<strong>de</strong> coopération, Il attend en<br />

r<strong>et</strong>our un contrôle renforcé <strong>de</strong>s<br />

autorités turques sur les,oppo<br />

sants iraniens - moudjahidine du<br />

peuple <strong>et</strong> PDKI (kur<strong>de</strong>s) - très<br />

présents en Turquie.<br />

Dans quelques jours, le Parlement<br />

turc doit débattre du renouvellement<br />

du mandat <strong>de</strong><br />

l'opération interalliée « Provi<strong>de</strong><br />

Comfort» déclenchée en 1991<br />

pour protéger les Kur<strong>de</strong>s d'Irak<br />

<strong>de</strong>s foudres <strong>de</strong> Saddam Hussein.<br />

Traumatisés par les « exploits<br />

» du PKM, les député'a .nt'.<br />

très partagés sur le bien-fondé<br />

du soutien occi<strong>de</strong>ntal à une « entité<br />

» kur<strong>de</strong> qui emb~rresse<br />

toutes les puissances régio'<br />

nales. le gouvernement, qui<br />

ai<strong>de</strong> économiquement les<br />

Kur<strong>de</strong>s d'Irak, considère c<strong>et</strong>te<br />

solution comme un moindre mal.<br />

Il n'a pas oublié l'exo<strong>de</strong> en Turquie<br />

<strong>de</strong> centaines <strong>de</strong> milliers <strong>de</strong><br />

malheureux fuyant, durant<br />

l'hiver 1990-1991, les hor<strong>de</strong>s irakiennes<br />

! Il ne veut pas que ce<br />

drame se renouvelle.<br />

ca.u<strong>de</strong> LOREtIX<br />

Le <strong>Paris</strong>ien - 21 décembre 1993<br />

LE FIGARO-21 décembre 1993<br />

L'IIIe.dle dl MIlIIIouse<br />

.'611I.M aeelll... 1<br />

fiat L'enquête sur l'incendie, dans lequel six Kur<strong>de</strong>s sont<br />

'\gr morts <strong>et</strong> cinq autres ont été blessés à Mulhouse<br />

(Hatlt-Rhin), le 21 novembre <strong>de</strong>rnier, accrédite la thèse d'urt<br />

acte criminel. En eff<strong>et</strong>, les expertises ont révélé <strong>de</strong>s traces<br />

d'hydrocarbures dans les prélèvements effectués dans les<br />

dècombres <strong>de</strong> l'immeuble où ils habitaient. Le magistrat a<br />

requalifié son information en « <strong>de</strong>struction volontaire ». Le<br />

Kt,Ir<strong>de</strong> propriétaire <strong>de</strong> l'immeuble incendié avait porté<br />

plainte, début novembre, en affirmant que <strong>de</strong>s hommes du<br />

PKK tentaient <strong>de</strong> le rack<strong>et</strong>ter.<br />

MULHOUSE<br />

Incendie criminel<br />

o Des traces d'hydrocarbures<br />

ont été r<strong>et</strong>rouvées dans les<br />

prélèvements effectués dans<br />

les décombres d'un immeuble<br />

dont l'incendie avait fait six<br />

morts <strong>et</strong> cinq blessés, tous <strong>de</strong>s<br />

Ku~es. le 21 novembre à Mul-<br />

,house (Haut-Rhin), accréditant<br />

la thèse d'un sinistre d'origine<br />

criminelle. les premières expertises<br />

font état <strong>de</strong> traces<br />

d'hydrocarbures dans la cage<br />

d'escalier, au niveau du premier<br />

étage <strong>de</strong> l'immeuble.<br />

119


REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RIVISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />

A.FI~ - \gence France Presse-A.EI~ -,\gence FrancePresse-A.FP - \gence FrancePresse-A.EP - \gence-FrancePresse-A.FP<br />

FRA03394 I 0208 TUR./AFP-JA92<br />

Turquie-Allemagne<br />

Le ,jol.lt'naliste allemand .W'aldb<strong>et</strong>'ggt'acié pat' le pt'ési<strong>de</strong>nt t•.wc<br />

ANKARA, 2~ déc (AFP)- Le ,journaliste allemand Stefan Waldberg, condamné à<br />

une. peine <strong>de</strong> pt~ison en Tut'quie pOUt' "coopét"ation" avec le Pat"ti <strong>de</strong>s<br />

travailleurs du Kurdistan (PKK, séparatiste), a été gracié par le prési<strong>de</strong>nt<br />

Suleyman Demirel, a-t-on appris ,jeudi <strong>de</strong> source ~rési<strong>de</strong>ntielle à Ankara.<br />

Le pt'ési<strong>de</strong>nt Demit"el "a annl.lléle t'este" <strong>de</strong> la peine <strong>de</strong>, pt'ison pt'ononcée<br />

en ,janvier 1993 contre le ,journaliste allemand, à la suite d'une expertise<br />

médicale selon laq'.lelleM.<br />

déclaré ~ l'AFP une source<br />

Waldb<strong>et</strong>'g sOI.lfft'ed' '.me "psychose<br />

prési<strong>de</strong>ntielle.<br />

cht'onique", a<br />

M. Waldberg, 29 ans, collaborateur d'une radio pt'ivée <strong>de</strong><br />

Fribourg-en-Bresgau, avait été con~amné en ,janvier 1993 à Diyarbakir<br />

(chef-lieu du sud-est anatolien à majorité kur<strong>de</strong>) à trois ans <strong>et</strong> neuf mois <strong>de</strong> .<br />

pt'ison pOUt" "coopét'ation" avec le PKK. Il avàit été at"t'êtéen octobt'e 1992 a-<br />

la ft'ontièt'<strong>et</strong>Ut'co-it'akienne d'e t'<strong>et</strong>out"dll not'd it"akien o.:.t il avait<br />

dans <strong>de</strong>s camps du PKK, selon la ,justice turque.<br />

séjout"né<br />

.<br />

Les autorités turques avaient évoqué la possibilité d'une extradition dans<br />

~le cadre <strong>de</strong>s conventions du Conseil<br />

Helmut Kohl en Turquie en mai 1993.<br />

CE/ms<br />

<strong>de</strong> l'Europe lors d'un voyage du chanceli<strong>et</strong>'<br />

AFP 231754 DEC 93<br />

A. F P - ,\genCl'I,'rancePresse-A. F P. - \gence FrancePresse-A. F P - \gence FrancePresse-I\. F P - \gence France Presse-A. F P.<br />

FRA0251 4 I 0200 TUR IAFP-IB51<br />

'Turquie-~~r<strong>de</strong>s-Irak<br />

Le gouvernement pour la reconduction <strong>de</strong> la force multinationale<br />

ANKARA, 23 déc (AFP) - Le gouvernement turc s'èst déclaré ,jeudi en faveur<br />

<strong>de</strong> la reconduction, pour une pério<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> six mois, du stationnement en Turquie<br />

<strong>de</strong> la force multinationale chargée <strong>de</strong> la protection <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s d'Irak <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />

l'ai<strong>de</strong> en leur fave~r, a-t-on appris <strong>de</strong> source officielle.<br />

La décision du gouvernement <strong>de</strong> 6oalition droite-gauche <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>r au<br />

pat'lement c<strong>et</strong>te t'econduction est due à "l'instabilité <strong>et</strong> à l'insécut'ité" qui<br />

~ègnent en Irak, notamment dans le nord du pays contrOlé par les Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

d'Irak, a expliqué le porte-parole du gouvernement, Yildirm Aktuna.<br />

Mercredi, le Conseil national <strong>de</strong> Sécurité avait émis un 'avis allant dans<br />

le même sens. C<strong>et</strong>te instance, fot'mée <strong>de</strong> militait'es e.t <strong>de</strong> membres du<br />

gouvernement, s'était déclarée en faveur d'une prolongation pour une pério<strong>de</strong><br />

"convenabl e ".<br />

Une _ventuelle prorogation <strong>de</strong> la .durée <strong>de</strong> mission <strong>de</strong> la force<br />

multinati~nale, basée notamment à Incirlik (base aérienne américano-turque<br />

près d'Adana, sud) <strong>de</strong>puis juill<strong>et</strong> 1991, doit être prononcée par le parlement<br />

turc d'ici au 31 décembre, date d'expiration du mandat <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te force.<br />

YM/chm<br />

AFP 231527 DEC 93<br />

120


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVlEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA<br />

STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASlN ÖZETi<br />

War against Kurdish separatists<br />

becomes matter for all Turks<br />

'They are trying to <strong>de</strong>stroy the social fabric of the country'<br />

By Daniel J. Wakin<br />

Associated Press Writer<br />

ANKARA- The scenes and strains of<br />

war hare finally begun to grip this<br />

country after 10 years of a faraway<br />

fight against Kurdish rebels.<br />

The body bags keep coming home,<br />

the financial bur<strong>de</strong>n is growing and intolerant<br />

nationalism is emerginl!.<br />

With a recent surge in the \10lence,<br />

the war is dominating public discourse<br />

and worrying many Turks and foreign<br />

diplomats about its effects on the country.<br />

Once the gorernment dismissed<br />

Kurds as "mountain Turks" and referred<br />

to attacks in the remote and poor<br />

southeast by the autonomy-seeking<br />

Kurdistan Workers' Party as isolated<br />

terrorist inci<strong>de</strong>nts.<br />

But 10 years of fighting have gone<br />

by, and the government's reported<br />

<strong>de</strong>ath toll has gone beyond 10,000,<br />

nearly 2,000 in the past year alone.<br />

From September through October,<br />

453 villagers and 200 securj.ty officials<br />

were killed, said Governor Unal Erkan,<br />

who has police and administrative authority<br />

orer 13 provinces in the southeast.<br />

Pictures of <strong>de</strong>ad women and children<br />

often appear on the front pages of<br />

newspapers.<br />

Last month, the military chief of<br />

staff acknowledged the fight amounted<br />

to a "low intensity war."<br />

The government has <strong>de</strong>voted<br />

150,000 soldiers and paramilitary police<br />

to the fight against the guerrillas,<br />

who the authorities say number 7,000,<br />

less than half what the PKK claims.<br />

Turkey', already bur<strong>de</strong>ned with nearly<br />

$60 bIllion of <strong>de</strong>bt and 67 percent inflation,<br />

is spending about 56.6 billion a<br />

year on the war, a figure expected to<br />

rise. That compares to a projected 1994<br />

budg<strong>et</strong> of $32 billion.<br />

The economy in the southeast has<br />

been <strong>de</strong>vastated. Banks are pulling ouI,<br />

sales of consumer goods are down 20<br />

percent and prirate investment has<br />

nearly ceased, the Ankara Chamber of<br />

Industry said in a study. Hundreds of<br />

thousands of Kurds have mored westward.<br />

The psychological and social effec~<br />

run d~ep. Even though only a minority<br />

of the country's 12 million Kurds support<br />

the PKK, the riolence has forced<br />

many of them, as well as Turks with<br />

Kurdish roots, to confront their "Kurdishness,"<br />

wh<strong>et</strong>her they want to or not.<br />

That plays into the PKK's hands, according<br />

to Volkan Vural. Premier Tansu<br />

Çiller's top adviser.<br />

"They are trying to <strong>de</strong>stroy the social<br />

fabric of the country," he said in an interview.<br />

Funerals for soldiers often become<br />

fist-waving, anti-Kurdish <strong>de</strong>monstrations.<br />

Ultranationalist politicians who<br />

urge iron-fist tactics have become frequent<br />

talk show l!uests and are gaining<br />

in popularitr ~Necklaces wIth the<br />

Turkish flag s star and crescent have<br />

become popular fashion accessories.<br />

Growing "like a snowball among the<br />

Turkish republic is the opinion that<br />

whatever the consequences, the Kurds<br />

should be ma<strong>de</strong> to pay for what is happening,"<br />

the EnglIsh-language Daily<br />

News said in a recent commentary.<br />

The steady military casualties are<br />

taking a toll on a country with a tradi- .<br />

tion of military pri<strong>de</strong> that dates back<br />

centuries to the earliest Seljuk rulers<br />

and Ottoman sultans.<br />

No organized peace protests have<br />

emerged, but anti war feelings are evi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />

and draft-dodging is l!rowing. A<br />

military spokesman took ihe unusual<br />

step earlier this month of con<strong>de</strong>mning<br />

eva<strong>de</strong>rs.<br />

The government has suggested it<br />

will introduce legislation to, punish<br />

them.<br />

. ''This 'is a.-dirty;wa,. Nobody_wants<br />

to send their kids to it," said Semih<br />

Idiz, Ankara bureau chief of the Turkish<br />

Daily News.<br />

Hamm Tan, 48, the wife of a janitor<br />

in a building inhabited by military and<br />

government families, leaned against<br />

the doorway of her barren apartment.<br />

Her son had just come back from the<br />

front, t~rmented by the <strong>de</strong>aths of his<br />

compamons.<br />

"It's b<strong>et</strong>ter for it to come to an end,"<br />

she said. "Everybody's son is dying.<br />

We have to stop this anarchy."<br />

Upstairs, in a carp<strong>et</strong>ed apartment<br />

with chintz curtains, five officers'<br />

wives in their 50's had gathered for<br />

curs of Turkish coffee.<br />

Our hearts bleed every day when<br />

we hear of a killing," said Sldlka<br />

Kibaroglu. But when pressed, the<br />

women agree with the &overnment's<br />

tough military policy. 'This is our<br />

country. We can't allow them to <strong>de</strong>stroy<br />

our unity," said Nezahat Sözer.<br />

Çiller announces 'joint action' with Iran on terrorism<br />

Karaya/çln refuses to me<strong>et</strong> Iranian Deputy Presi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />

Turkish Daily News<br />

ANKARA- Prime Minister Tansu Çiller<br />

said on Tuesday, "We have agreed with Iran<br />

on joint action against terrorism. This action<br />

can be on our territory or on Iran's territory.-<br />

The <strong>de</strong>tails will be handled by the security<br />

forces and the interior ministry." Çiller,<br />

who was informing her True Path Party's<br />

parliamentary group about her me<strong>et</strong>ing wIth<br />

Iran's first Deputy Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Hassan Habibi<br />

on Monday, did not elaborate on the subject<br />

beyond thIS.<br />

Security talks b<strong>et</strong>ween Turkey and Iran at<br />

the level of senior offiçials from the minis-<br />

tries of interior at the beginning of' the<br />

month had resulted in an accord un<strong>de</strong>r<br />

which the si<strong>de</strong>s had aweed to send observers<br />

to follow each otner's "search and <strong>de</strong>stroy"<br />

operations against terrorist bases.<br />

Officiais said at the time that the i<strong>de</strong>a behind<br />

this accord was that both governments<br />

would have the right to complall1 to the other<br />

si<strong>de</strong> about the activities of separatist or<br />

anti-government organizations based there<br />

and working against its interests.<br />

The si<strong>de</strong> making the complaint would<br />

then have the privIlege of monitoring the.<br />

operations in the otner country against such<br />

gr~ups. I.t wo~ld not however engage in<br />

JOll1t action aimed at eradicating these<br />

groups.<br />

.~his accord was specifically aimed at the<br />

mIlitants of the outlawecl Ku'-!istan W(lr~ers'<br />

Party (PKK), on the Turkish si<strong>de</strong> ariJthe<br />

activities of the Iranian Kurdistan Democracy<br />

Pcu:ty (IKDP) and the Mujahe<strong>de</strong>en<br />

Khalq orgal1lza~lOn, on the Iranian si<strong>de</strong>.<br />

.Althou~h USIl1 0 the term "joint action,"<br />

Prime Mll1ister Ôller's announcement on<br />

Tuesday appeared to be no more than a reference<br />

to the accord arrived at the technical<br />

level earlier in the month.<br />

Çiller's foreion policy adviser, Volkan<br />

Vural, later told reporters the two lea<strong>de</strong>rs<br />

121


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA<br />

STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

had agreed on Monday to coo~rate in Turkey's<br />

buk against the PKK.<br />

"The two si<strong>de</strong>s share a very close un<strong>de</strong>rstanding<br />

on terrorism and security," he said<br />

without any reference to the Mujahe<strong>de</strong>en<br />

Khalq or the IKDP.<br />

Vural also said the twa lea<strong>de</strong>rs <strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong>d to.<br />

exchange information for b<strong>et</strong>ter cooperation<br />

against terrorism and hold a me<strong>et</strong>ing at ministeriallevel<br />

soon.<br />

Iran has been pressin "Turkey. to crack<br />

down on supporters 0r the MUJahe<strong>de</strong>en'.<br />

Khalq and the IKDP in Turkey, but Ankara<br />

has announced no new measures on this to<br />

date.<br />

The issue of terrorism was also high on<br />

the agenda of Habibi's talks on Tuesday.<br />

with Parliamentary Speaker Hüsam<strong>et</strong>tin<br />

Cindoruk and Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Süleyman Demirel.<br />

Both men received the Iranian <strong>de</strong>puty presi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />

separatelyon the second day of his official<br />

visit to Turkey .<br />

. During his me<strong>et</strong>ing with Cindoruk, Habibi<br />

reiterated what he had said on Monday<br />

. and indicated that they were against all<br />

. forms of terrorism.<br />

In various interviews with the Turkish<br />

press published on Tuesday. Habibi said<br />

they were perfectly aware of the evil of terronsm<br />

because they had suffered.from it for<br />

years. He also referred to their "havin¥,<br />

called on the world on countless occasions'<br />

because of this, only to see their cries fall<br />

on <strong>de</strong>af ears.<br />

Some analysts took tl'is as an indirect<br />

':01!1plaint about Turkey's allowin~ t.he âC-<br />

. tlvltles of the MUjahe<strong>de</strong>en Khalq on ItS territory.<br />

Turkey for its part has complained in the<br />

past about PKK camps in Iran and accused<br />

. Tehran of aiding this organization in various<br />

ways.<br />

• In a separate <strong>de</strong>velopment on Tuesday,<br />

, Murat Karayalçm, lea<strong>de</strong>r cif the junior coalition<br />

partner, the Social Democratic Peoples .<br />

. Party (SHP), and <strong>de</strong>puty prime minister, refused<br />

to me<strong>et</strong> Habibi. An ai<strong>de</strong> to Karayalçm confirmed reports<br />

that he had scrapped the me<strong>et</strong>ing because he was ups<strong>et</strong><br />

over Habibi's refusaI ta visit Atatürk's mausoleum, a customary<br />

procedure for visiting foreign lea<strong>de</strong>rs. . .<br />

Smce Iran's ]979 Islamic revolution, its lea<strong>de</strong>rs have refused<br />

to visit the tomb of the man who put Turkey into a secular<br />

mould and overturned the rule of Shariah, the Islamic<br />

religious and legal system which "O\'ems Iran.<br />

In recent years Turkey has swailowed its pri<strong>de</strong> and not insisted<br />

that Iranian lea<strong>de</strong>rs visit the mausoleum. but<br />

'Karayalçln's party (SHP) sees itself as a guardian of<br />

Atatürk's legacy.<br />

Y<strong>et</strong> there was little sign that Habibi's talks had been<br />

clou<strong>de</strong>d by Karayalçm'scancellation of his me<strong>et</strong>ing .with Habibi.<br />

.<br />

Following the announcement that Habibi had cancelled<br />

the last Ie!! of his visit to Turkey, during which was due to<br />

visit istanbul today, there were unconfirmed reports that the<br />

'Iranian si<strong>de</strong> had <strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong>d on this as a response to Karayalçm's<br />

.snub.<br />

Habibi's Press Conference .<br />

Addressing a press conference at the end of his official<br />

talks in Ankara on Tuesday Habibi refrained from responding<br />

to questions aboutterrorism in <strong>de</strong>lail.<br />

He SaId this was technical subject and recalled that there<br />

was a Joint Security Committee b<strong>et</strong>ween the 1\\'0 countries<br />

where these issues were discussed.<br />

Habibi also <strong>de</strong>nied that PKK militants infiltrated into Turkey<br />

from Iran.<br />

He acknowledged however there were militants based on<br />

the bor<strong>de</strong>r region b<strong>et</strong>ween Turkev. Iran and Iraq and said<br />

these militants filtered into Turkey over Iraq after travelling<br />

to there from the Iranian bor<strong>de</strong>r region.<br />

He said his country would be taking ad<strong>de</strong>d measures to<br />

prevent these movements.<br />

'.<br />

Habibi also <strong>de</strong>nied that Iran was acting as mediator b<strong>et</strong>ween<br />

Turkey and Syria in or<strong>de</strong>r for an early me<strong>et</strong>ing by the<br />

!hree countries to discuss Northern Iraq and other regIOnal<br />

Issues.<br />

Sources say Syria wants to link the terrorism issue __<br />

which Ankara is sensitive about 0- with the issue of regional<br />

waters -- which Damascus is sensitive about before such a<br />

me<strong>et</strong>ing is held ..Turkey refuses such a linkage saying the<br />

two are separate Issues .<br />

Habibi said that ail the Iranian Foreign Minister Ali Akbar<br />

Velay<strong>et</strong>i was doing in this context was to act as coordinator<br />

b<strong>et</strong>ween the Turkey and Syria in or<strong>de</strong>r to establish a date for<br />

the me<strong>et</strong>ing.<br />

Libération - 22 décembre 1993<br />

HAur-RHIN<br />

Le PKK soupçonné <strong>de</strong><br />

flammes meurtrières<br />

Un rack<strong>et</strong> kur<strong>de</strong> pourrait être à l'origine <strong>de</strong> la mort <strong>de</strong><br />

. six personnes il y aun mois à Mulhouse .<br />

.Strasbourg,correspondance<br />

R<br />

sur le palier du premier étage. L'expertise<br />

judiciaire rendue publique lundi<br />

u~iye, une fill<strong>et</strong>te <strong>de</strong> 3 ans, tout<br />

comme Ibrahim, 13 ans, Satie, 17 révèle une origine criminelle, <strong>de</strong> l'essence<br />

white spirit ayant été décelée à<br />

ans, Satilmis, 18 ans, <strong>et</strong> leurs parents,<br />

sont vraisemblablement morts l'origine du feu. Madame Marie-Christine<br />

Marchioni, juge d'instruction, a<br />

asphy)(iés dans la nuit du 20 au 21 novembre<br />

<strong>de</strong>rnier à Mulhouse, victimes aussitôt requalifié son dossier en incendie<br />

volontaire. Lés enquêteurs s'in-.<br />

du rack<strong>et</strong> révolutionnaire du PKK, le<br />

Parti communiste du Kurdistan. C<strong>et</strong>te téressent à I'hypothèse du rack<strong>et</strong> kur<strong>de</strong>.<br />

nuit-là, un incendie éclatait dans un immeuble<br />

vétuste du centre-ville <strong>de</strong> Mul-<br />

exploitant une épicerie au rez-<strong>de</strong>-<br />

En eff<strong>et</strong>, le propriétaire <strong>de</strong> l'immeuble,<br />

house, occupé par <strong>de</strong>s famille turques. chaussée <strong>et</strong> résidant au premier étage,<br />

Au <strong>de</strong>rnier étage, les pompiers <strong>de</strong>vaient<br />

r<strong>et</strong>rouver les six victimes, endie,<br />

avait aussitôt rappelé qu'il était en<br />

Bayram Gocurucu, la nuit <strong>de</strong> l'incentassées<br />

asphyx iées dans la même pièce. butte_aux militants kur<strong>de</strong>s du PKK qui<br />

Selon. toute probabilité, l'appartement l'avaient contacté pour prélever un im- .<br />

n'ayant pas été atteint par les flammes, . pôt révolutionnaire. Lui-même kur<strong>de</strong><br />

les oc


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASlN ÖZETi<br />

\. L P - \~l'ncl'I LlnCl'Prl"'l'- \. F. P - \~l'IIl'l' I LIIIIl' PI'l''-'l'- \. F. P - \~l'ncl'I rancl'Prl'''l'- \. F. P - \~l'IlCl'l'rancl'Prl'~'l'- \. F. P.<br />

FRA0306 4 16 0278 RFA /AFP-CP87<br />

Allemagne-Iran-France<br />

Meurtre <strong>de</strong> kur<strong>de</strong>s iraniens: la justice alleman<strong>de</strong> veut entendre un témoin dans<br />

l'affaire <strong>de</strong> l'assassinat <strong>de</strong> Chapour Bakhtiar<br />

BERLIN, 22 déc (AFP) - La justice alleman<strong>de</strong> a <strong>de</strong>mandé à la France <strong>de</strong> lui<br />

laisser auditionner un témoin dans l'affaire <strong>de</strong> l'assassinat à <strong>Paris</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />

l'ancien premier ministre iranien Chapour Bakhtiar, afin d'éclaircir les<br />

circonstances du meurtre en 1992 à Berlin <strong>de</strong> quatre dirigeants kur<strong>de</strong>s iraniens.<br />

Aucune indication n'a été fournie sur l'i<strong>de</strong>ntité du témoin.<br />

Le procureur fédéral Bruno Jost a indiqué à Berlin lors d'une audience du<br />

procès <strong>de</strong>s auteurs présumés du quadruple meurtre que le parqu<strong>et</strong> examine<br />

l'éventualité d'un lien entre c<strong>et</strong>te affaire <strong>et</strong> l'assassinat <strong>de</strong> M. Bakhtiar le<br />

6 aoat 1991, a-t-on appris mercredi <strong>de</strong> source judiciaire.<br />

Depuis le 28 octobre, cinq hommes, quatre Libanais <strong>et</strong> un Iranien,<br />

comparaissent à Berlin pour le meurtre <strong>de</strong> quatre responsables du parti<br />

démocratique du Kurdistan iranien -PDKI, illégal en Iran <strong>et</strong> en résistance<br />

ouverte contre<br />

Shara fkand i.<br />

le régime islamique- dont son secrétaire général Sa<strong>de</strong>gh<br />

Pour la première fois dans un pays occi<strong>de</strong>ntal, les services secr<strong>et</strong>s<br />

iraniens (Vevak) ont été dit'ectement mis en cause dans l'acte d'accusation du<br />

parqu<strong>et</strong> fédéral allemand, en charge <strong>de</strong>s affa~res <strong>de</strong> terrorisme.<br />

L'instruction du meurtre <strong>de</strong> Chapour Bakhtiar, poignardé en même temps que<br />

son secrétaire le 6 aoat<br />

déb'Jt novelllbt'e.<br />

1991 à Suresnes (Hauts-<strong>de</strong>-Seine) est terminée <strong>de</strong>puis<br />

Quatre personnes sont inculpées dans c<strong>et</strong>te affaire dont un secrétaire<br />

administratif à l'ambassa<strong>de</strong> d'Iran en Suisse. Sept autres personnes font<br />

l'ob:<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> mandats d'arrêt internationaux.<br />

fka/mfo<br />

AFP 221553 DEC 93<br />

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FRA0250 4 I 0196 IRK /AFP-BZll<br />

It'ak-Km'<strong>de</strong>s<br />

Au moins 22 tués lors d'affrontements inter-kur<strong>de</strong>s dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak<br />

ERBIL (Irak), 22 déc (AFP) - Vingt-<strong>de</strong>ux personnes au moins ont été tuées<br />

au cours <strong>de</strong>s trois <strong>de</strong>rniers jours lors d'affrontements entre formations kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak, qui se poursuivaient mercredi, a-t-on appt'is <strong>de</strong><br />

sources concordantes.<br />

Les combats, qui ont éclaté lundi, opposent l'Union Patriotique ~u .<br />

Kurdistan (UPK, <strong>de</strong> Jalal Talabani), une <strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>ux princ~pal!s formatlo~s qUI<br />

contrOlent le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak, <strong>et</strong> une organisation pro-IranIenne, la LIgue<br />

Islamique Kur<strong>de</strong> (LIK). .<br />

Les affrontements se déroulent notamment dans les localités <strong>de</strong> Halabja,<br />

Rania <strong>et</strong> Chamchamal, situées dans l'est du Kurdistan irakien, une t'égion<br />

ft'ontalièt'e<strong>de</strong> l'It'an, selon l'UPK. ., .<br />

Le principal axe routier <strong>de</strong> la t'égion, reliant les vIlles <strong>de</strong> Soulelmanleh<br />

<strong>et</strong> d'Et'bil, a été coupé, <strong>et</strong> le personnel <strong>de</strong> l'ONU a reçu ordre <strong>de</strong> ne pas se<br />

déplacer, a-t-on appris auprès <strong>de</strong>s ~rgani~ati~ns non-gouvernementales<br />

occi<strong>de</strong>ntales présentes dans le KurdIstan lt'aklen.<br />

Des gar<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> l'ONU sont déployés <strong>de</strong>puis 1991 dans c<strong>et</strong>te région pour y<br />

superviser l'acheminement <strong>de</strong> l'ai<strong>de</strong> internationale.<br />

ls-mch/bw<br />

AFP 221422 DEC 93<br />

123


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ-RNISTA<br />

STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

SOLIDARITE<br />

lia disparu, ilV a dix ans<br />

jâbbéi.t Rashid Shifki appartenait au cliin<br />

kYJ<strong>de</strong>ßaizani. n vivait avec sa famille<br />

dans tin complexé <strong>de</strong> réimplantation au ..<br />

, nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak, où on les avait obligés à se<br />

réinstaller dans les années 70, après les<br />

. avoir chassés <strong>de</strong> leur région.. ....<br />

... Au début du mois d'août 1983 i .les<br />

• f.orces irakiennes ont attaqué ces habi-.<br />

• tations; ln tine semaine; eUes ont raflé <strong>et</strong><br />

'. emm~rîé 8 000 hommes kur<strong>de</strong>s âgés <strong>de</strong>. 8<br />

:à .70 ans. jabbar Rashid Shifki était parmi<br />

..eux. Il avait,J 5 ans; C'était il y il dix ans:<br />

: On ne râ jamais revu. Ni vivant, ni mort:<br />

.il a ~'disparu". Cömmes'iI n'avait jamais<br />

: existé.<br />

. Devant <strong>de</strong>s disparitions" comme celleci,<br />

<strong>de</strong>vant <strong>de</strong>s assassinats politiques perpétrés<br />

par <strong>de</strong>s gouvernements, nous<br />

;n'avoil& pas le droit <strong>de</strong> nous taire. Vous<br />

. pouvez refuser la résignation <strong>et</strong> l'oubli.<br />

Vous pouvez personnellement agir pour<br />

exiger la vérité sur la "disparition" <strong>de</strong><br />

: jabbar Rashid. Shifki.<br />

" UNOUS suffit <strong>de</strong> renvoyer la carte pos-<br />

.taleque vous trouvérez, auprès d'Am-.<br />

: Jlestylnternêi;tiona'i' a\Q'a\!torités ira-<br />

;'kiennes. "'. :'.. ,...' ....~, ..~.


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASLN ÖZETi<br />

Thursday. December 23. /993<br />

turkish daily news<br />

Crisis erupts over resignations in Democracy Party<br />

Despite DEP arguments to the contrary, two <strong>de</strong>puties reporled to have resigned, two others are IlOt even DEP members<br />

TDN Parli:!Ill


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

Syria may use Armenian card<br />

PKK<br />

Turkish Daily New.,<br />

AN KARA- Recent speculation that, un<strong>de</strong>r pi<strong>et</strong>e embargo on Armenia. an~J1l!i' no .iipln- on<br />

pressure from Damascus. the .outlaw~d Kurdi- matic ties with the country. Turkish contacts<br />

stan Workers' Party (PKK) IS geanng up to with Armenia only take place on a multilateral<br />

move its headquarters from Syna to Armenia, level and are limited to such things as the<br />

is suspected in Turkey of being disinfonnation Black Sea J;conomic Cooperation scheme,<br />

to ease Turkey's own pressure on that country CSCE and the North Atlantic Cooperation<br />

to <strong>de</strong>al with the terrorists.<br />

Council.<br />

Unconfirmed reeorts, coming from Middle With Syria, however, Turkey has strong bi-<br />

East sources, have It that PKK lea<strong>de</strong>r Abdullah lateralties and there is consi<strong>de</strong>rable U.S. pres-<br />

Öcalan has felt the Syrian grip on his organiza- sure on that country as well. Official sources in<br />

tion tightening up and is now seeking a b<strong>et</strong>ter . Ankara suspect that the message given via<br />

base for the movement. speculation on the PKK lea<strong>de</strong>rship's intention<br />

Through his own contacts wit.h Arm~nians i.n to move is that if Syria is further pressurized,<br />

Syria and Lebanon, sources claimed, Ocalan IS !uïkey may lose any indirect control it has on<br />

currently making arrangements. to' base the this organization ..<br />

Rt\K in l':\O."(k,h areas of Armel1la where the In other words, the message could be that if<br />

organizatIOn' has Increasing mass support. Turkish pressure goes too far and the Syrian's<br />

Observers here suspect that such reports aim g<strong>et</strong> more disturbed over Ankara's tightening<br />

at putting Turkey's policy with regard to Syria grip, it could send the PKK off to a country<br />

off track and forcing it to case its pressure on where it will flourish freely. If the PKK is<br />

the PKK. based in Armenia, it would be literally impossi-<br />

Recently, Turkish officials signed a security -hie to preYl~nt ils organizational acprotocol<br />

with the Syrians, accepting the ex- . .. h . I 1 I k f d' I<br />

change of terrorists and the extradition of.draft tmtles t ere wit l t le ac' 0 Ip 0- .<br />

malic contact.<br />

dodgers. A majority of PKK militants are Meanwhile. security sources on<br />

known to be draft eva<strong>de</strong>rs. S):ria also f.ua~an- Tuesday <strong>de</strong>nied a report which apteed<br />

it would not allow terronst orgal1lzatlons peared as a banner story in the<br />

to use its territories. Turkey observes a com- Turkish daily Hürriy<strong>et</strong> and said<br />

there had been no contact b<strong>et</strong>ween<br />

the National Intelligence Organization<br />

(MIT) and the Syrian secr<strong>et</strong><br />

service, Mohabarat.<br />

Hürriy<strong>et</strong> claimed in its report thaI<br />

two MIT officers had secr<strong>et</strong>ly travelled<br />

to Damascus last week and<br />

were taken to the house where PKK<br />

lea<strong>de</strong>r Ahdullah Öca13n liled The<br />

~epQrt said the agents.,saw sOllleon~<br />

In the gar<strong>de</strong>n \\ho looked lIke.<br />

.Öcalan but could not be sure. It also<br />

noted that it was not clear wh<strong>et</strong>her<br />

the PKK lea<strong>de</strong>r was un<strong>de</strong>r custody<br />

or only protected very closely. The<br />

Syrians reportedly claimed he was<br />

<strong>de</strong>tained. An intelligence source,<br />

\\'ho asked not to be I<strong>de</strong>ntified, told<br />

the Turkish Daily News that no one<br />

from MIT had visited Svria recently<br />

for the said pUl-pose. He said "the<br />

scenario" <strong>de</strong>scnbed in the paper<br />

was not possible "since such relations<br />

do not exist b<strong>et</strong>ween our service<br />

and theirs."<br />

Turkey and Iran sign accord for<br />

expanding their economic ties<br />

. Turkish Daily News<br />

AN KARA- Iranian First Vice Presi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />

Hassan Habibi's official visit to Turkey as<br />

the guest of Prime Minister Tansu Çlller<br />

en<strong>de</strong>d on a high note on Wednesday with<br />

the si<strong>de</strong>s signing<br />

standing covering<br />

a memorandum of un<strong>de</strong>r-<br />

a broad range of subjects<br />

in the field of economic cooperation.<br />

According to the accord Turkey will buy<br />

up to four million tons of cru<strong>de</strong> oil from Iran<br />

in 1994.<br />

. The political will to cooperate a~~inst terrorism,<br />

a key agenda item of the nigh level<br />

talks in Ankara b<strong>et</strong>ween Turkey and Iran,<br />

was also reemphasized by the si<strong>de</strong>s just<br />

prior to Habibi's <strong>de</strong>parture for his country.<br />

Addressing a joint press conference with<br />

Habibi at Ankara's Esenboga airport, Prime<br />

Minister Tansu Çiller told reporters that they<br />

had arrived at an important un<strong>de</strong>rstanding<br />

with the Iranian First Vice Presi<strong>de</strong>nt concerning<br />

the subject of securing the bor<strong>de</strong>r<br />

b<strong>et</strong>ween the two countries.<br />

Un<strong>de</strong>rlining the contribution this would<br />

make to the fight against terrorism, Çiller<br />

expressed her "<strong>de</strong>ep satisfaction" at this outcome<br />

and s.aid she expected positive results<br />

126<br />

to come out of this withina shortspace of<br />

time.<br />

Un<strong>de</strong>r an accord b<strong>et</strong>ween the two countries,<br />

announced earlier, Iran's security forces<br />

will prevent, separatist militants from the<br />

outlawed Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK)<br />

from operating against'Turkey on ils territory.<br />

Turkey will also he able to observe any.<br />

~ecurity operations against the rebels although<br />

it will not participate<br />

. operations:<br />

actively in these<br />

Emphasizing that an important portion of<br />

her talks with Habibi had concentrated on economic<br />

cooperation issues Çiller said that the<br />

ministers and technicians from both si<strong>de</strong>s<br />

had worked very hard over the past two days<br />

to draw the outhnes of this cooperation.<br />

She said that according to the memorandum<br />

of un<strong>de</strong>rstanding signed at the airport<br />

before Habibi's <strong>de</strong>parture agreementhad<br />

been reached for Turkey to purchase three to<br />

.four million tons of cru<strong>de</strong> oil over thenext<br />

year.<br />

Çiller ad<strong>de</strong>d that the <strong>de</strong>tails of this purchase.<br />

would be worked out by offici~!s from<br />

the Turkish p<strong>et</strong>roleum comp~ny TUPRA~<br />

and the Iranian<br />

ny.<br />

National P<strong>et</strong>roleum Compa-<br />

She said that these negotiations weuld also<br />

brin~ to the agenda the possibility of bartering<br />

1urkish goods in r<strong>et</strong>urn for the oil to be<br />

purchased from Iran. .<br />

According to information provi<strong>de</strong>d by<br />

Ciller at the joint press conference some of<br />

the items incorporated in the memorandum<br />

of un<strong>de</strong>rstanding are as follows: .<br />

• The purchase by Turkey of mûre cru<strong>de</strong><br />

oil.than planned from Iran at world prices in<br />

r<strong>et</strong>urn for exports to Iran. .<br />

• The transportation of Iranian natural gas<br />

to Turkey by means of a pipeline and by<br />

tankers as liquefied natural gas. A working<br />

group will be s<strong>et</strong> up to study this issue.<br />

Agreement has also been reached for the<br />

Turkish pipeline company BOTA~ to partici-'<br />

pate in talks aimed at working out means of'<br />

transporting Iranian oil by means of pipeline<br />

to Europe.<br />

• The increase of the volume of bor<strong>de</strong>r.<br />

tra<strong>de</strong> b<strong>et</strong>ween the two countries to the level<br />

of $50 million.<br />

• Unqin<strong>de</strong>red access for the two countries


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE lA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

over each orners territory for transit overland.<br />

transportation. The will be vali


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE lA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

Le Mon<strong>de</strong> • Jeudi 23 décembre<br />

1993 •<br />

IRAK<br />

Les membres du Conseil <strong>de</strong> sécurité<br />

sont divisés sur la levée<br />

<strong>de</strong> .l'embargo pétrolier imposé à Bagdad<br />

Contrairement al ce que laissaient<br />

entendre <strong>de</strong>s informations .<br />

<strong>de</strong> la' presse américaine, ,la<br />

France est fermement décidée,<br />

vis-i-vis <strong>de</strong> l'Irak, i s'en tenir<br />

au régime <strong>de</strong> sanctions « tel<br />

qu'il a été fIXéII par les résolutions<br />

du Conseil <strong>de</strong> sécurité <strong>de</strong><br />

, l'ONU. Parii, nous a expliqué<br />

'l'ambassa<strong>de</strong>ur <strong>de</strong> France i<br />

l'ONU, Jean-Bernard Mérimée,<br />

respectera i la l<strong>et</strong>tre la résolution<br />

887 du Conseil <strong>de</strong> sécudté.<br />

NEW-YORK(Nationsunies)<br />

<strong>de</strong> notre<br />

correspondante<br />

'Dans un article' publié<br />

dimanche 19 décembre, le New<br />

York Times indiquait que quatre<br />

membres permanents du<br />

Conseil <strong>de</strong> sécurité, la France, la<br />

Gran<strong>de</strong>-Br<strong>et</strong>agne, les Etats-Unis<br />

<strong>et</strong> la Rusl!ie, étaient convenus<br />

d'un <br />

0><br />

~<br />

~<br />

.0<br />

EQ)<br />

.~<br />

'0<br />

LO<br />

N<br />

w<br />

Cl<br />

Z<br />

o<br />

~<br />

Ẉ ..J<br />

TURQUIE<br />

Arrestation<br />

<strong>et</strong> inculpation<br />

<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux responsables<br />

d'un quotidien pro-kur<strong>de</strong><br />

Deux responsables du qUOtidien<br />

turc pro-kur<strong>de</strong> Ozgur Gun<strong>de</strong>m, le<br />

rédacteur en chef Gurb<strong>et</strong>eIli Ersoz<br />

<strong>et</strong> l'un <strong>de</strong>s directeurs Ali Riza Halis,<br />

ont été placés en état d'arrestation<br />

jeudi 23 décembre à Istanbul, sur<br />

décision <strong>de</strong> fa Cour <strong>de</strong> sOr<strong>et</strong>é <strong>de</strong><br />

"Etat, <strong>et</strong> inculpés d' « appartenance<br />

à une ban<strong>de</strong> arm6e». Une commission<br />

parlementaire a <strong>de</strong>mandé jeudi.<br />

la .levée <strong>de</strong> l'immunité <strong>de</strong> quatre<br />

députés du Parti démocratique<br />

(DEP, principal parti pro-kur<strong>de</strong>) qui<br />

risquent d'être inculpés pour sédi-<br />

.tion. Un journaliste allemand, Stefan<br />

Waldberg, condamné en janvier<br />

à trois ans <strong>et</strong> neuf mois <strong>de</strong><br />

prison pour «coop6ration» avec<br />

les séparatistes du Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs<br />

du Kurdistan (PKK) a été.<br />

gracié par le prési<strong>de</strong>nt Suleyman<br />

.Demirel, à la suite d'une expertise<br />

médicale selon laquelle il souffre<br />

d'une «psychose chronique »,<br />

a-t-on appris jeudi.<br />

Enfin, 150 intellectuels kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

venus du mon<strong>de</strong> entier ont entamé<br />

à Bonn une marche <strong>de</strong> douze jours<br />

vers Bruxelles pour protester contre<br />

la «politique <strong>de</strong> massacres}) <strong>de</strong><br />

la Turquie. - (AFP, Reuter.)<br />

.,<br />

128


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REvIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RMSTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

Demirel says Özgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m is the PKK<br />

tMSET: What happened to Özgür<br />

Gün<strong>de</strong>m seems to be an outstandIng<br />

example of press freedoms. What do you<br />

have to say about this?<br />

DEMtREL: I'll give you the note<br />

which has been given to me with r.egard<br />

to the search conducted at Ozgür<br />

Gün<strong>de</strong>m. Can you <strong>de</strong>fend this? No one<br />

can <strong>de</strong>fend this:<br />

Accordj.ng to telephone c~nv~rsatio.ns<br />

b<strong>et</strong>ween Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m EdItor In ChIef<br />

Gurb<strong>et</strong>elli Ersöz and PKK European representative<br />

Mustafa Karasu (co<strong>de</strong> named<br />

Hüseyin) as weil as Faysal DumlaYlcl,<br />

who is making press statements un<strong>de</strong>r the<br />

name of Kani Yllmaz as the ERNK representative<br />

(recor<strong>de</strong>d with permission from<br />

the public prosecutors office), information<br />

bas been obtained that the newspaper<br />

is compl<strong>et</strong>ely affiliated to the PKK.<br />

Un<strong>de</strong>r a <strong>de</strong>cIsion taken by the State<br />

S.ecurity Court, a search was conduc!~ of<br />

Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m and the Zagros pnntlllg<br />

house, and it revealed the bloodstained<br />

diary and the bull<strong>et</strong>-riddled i<strong>de</strong>ntification<br />

card of private Muzaffer U1usata. who<br />

was martyred on Mârch 9, 1993, in a<br />

clash with terrorists in the Fllldlldl district<br />

ofSlrnak.<br />

this is what has been found.<br />

Documents sho~ing that articles written<br />

by Abdullah Ocalan were published<br />

un<strong>de</strong>r the name Ali FIrat. Documents<br />

which show that all of the executives of<br />

the newspaper are appointed by the PKK<br />

and are people known in the past to have<br />

carried out executive duties III the PKK<br />

organization. In fact, Editor in Chief<br />

Gurb<strong>et</strong>elli Ersöz is known to have been<br />

the Çukurova regional PKK executive in<br />

the past. An ERNK invoice of 400 million<br />

liras which shows that donations<br />

have been collected for the PKK.<br />

Now you are calling this a newspaper<br />

office and write: "Today them, tomorrow<br />

us." Can you <strong>de</strong>fend this?<br />

ÇEVtK: But we are not <strong>de</strong>fending<br />

this. Sir, when you were prime minister,<br />

we wrote about these things and said<br />

them. Especially then there were or<strong>de</strong>rs<br />

being received from the PKK. We were<br />

even ma<strong>de</strong> into a targ<strong>et</strong>.<br />

turkish daily news - December 24, 1993<br />

DEMtREL: What is Özgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m<br />

for you that you show it as an example<br />

for <strong>de</strong>mocracy in Turkey?<br />

ÇEVtK: But sir, som<strong>et</strong>hing done to<br />

one place could be done to another<br />

tomorrow. I am talking not only about<br />

what has been done to a newspaper. This<br />

has been done even to you.<br />

DEMtREL: No sir, I was neither an<br />

arsonist...<br />

ÇEVtK:<br />

But they did it <strong>de</strong>spite this!<br />

DEMtREL: They did nothing to me.<br />

What did the man do to me? He forced<br />

me to stay in my house. Did I stay in my<br />

house? I broke through the walls and<br />

came out. I had neither a gun, nor a knife<br />

nor anything else. I was only right. I<br />

mean this man is going to collect money<br />

for the PKK, and the same PKK will go<br />

and massacre 29 innocent citizens in the<br />

Sündüz plateau. It will kill so many soldiers<br />

and then what is being done? What<br />

else can be done?<br />

turkish daily news - December 25, 1993<br />

At least 18said killed in Iraqi Kurdish clashes<br />

'It's a ven<strong>de</strong>tta which started a few months ago and seemed to have s<strong>et</strong>tled down but has now erupted again'<br />

By Alistair Lyon<br />

The PUK then r<strong>et</strong>aliated with an attack which ber of the now-dissolved Kurdish Socialist Party.<br />

Reuters<br />

killed four KIP members in the nearby town of named Mohammed Hajji Mahmoud.<br />

ANKARA- Clashes in northern Iraq b<strong>et</strong>ween rivai<br />

Iraq} Kurdish groups have killed atleast 18 Five PIK fighters and three PUK men, includ-<br />

six woun<strong>de</strong>d in a shootout in Suleymaniya earlier<br />

Khoi Sanjak.<br />

Dizayee said three people had been killed and<br />

people In the past few days, a Kurdish official ing a major named Karzan, were killed in clashes this month b<strong>et</strong>ween government forces and Mahmoud's<br />

men, whom he said were backed by Iran.<br />

said on Friday.<br />

on Thursday in the mountainous Haybat Sultan<br />

Safeen Dizayee, Ankara-based representative of area b<strong>et</strong>ween Khoi Sanjak and Suleymaniya. Kurds gained control of a big swathe of northern<br />

the Kurdish Democratic Party (KDP), said the Clashes b<strong>et</strong>ween the two groups have also been Iraq afterthe 1991 GulfWar.<br />

KDP would mediate b<strong>et</strong>ween the Kurdish Islamic reported in Chamchamal on the Suleymaniya-Kirlaik<br />

road, and in Shaqlawa. KDP lea<strong>de</strong>r Massoud have protected them from Iraqi government forc-<br />

Since then Western warplanes based in Turkey<br />

Party (KIP) and the leftist Patriotic Union of Kurdistan<br />

(PUK) if the two si<strong>de</strong>s agreed to a ceasefire.<br />

"It's a ven<strong>de</strong>tta which started a few months billast Saturday and agreed to form an eight-man The Turkish Cabin<strong>et</strong> agreed on Thursday to ask<br />

Barzani and PUK lea<strong>de</strong>r lalal Talabani m<strong>et</strong> in Ires.<br />

ago and seemed to have s<strong>et</strong>tled down but has now security committee comprising themselves, the Parliament to renew for a further six months the<br />

erupted again," he told Reuters. "Both si<strong>de</strong>s are head of the regional government, the parliament mandate of the Western force, known as Operation<br />

Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort Two.<br />

on the alert." The fundamentalist KIP, said to speaker and two other leading members of the<br />

have links with both Iran and Saudi Arabia, has KOP and PUK with a mandate to enforce the rule The United States, Britain and France have protested<br />

to Iraq about an inci<strong>de</strong>nt on Tuesday in<br />

long refused to integrate its forces within the united<br />

peshmerga army s<strong>et</strong> up by the regional Kurd-<br />

The two men, who command large followin~s which they said Iraqi soldiers tired on a patrol of<br />

oflaw.<br />

ish government which holds sway in northern in northern Iraq, urged "the resolul1on of all dIfferences<br />

and problems through brotherly ways sonnel in a four-vehicle convoy in northern Iraq.<br />

25 U.S. British, French, Kurdish and Turkish per-<br />

Iraq. Dizayee said the clashes began after the burial<br />

of a KIP man in the Northeastern town of Raniya<br />

four days ago. KIP fighters stormed a PUK That move was prompted by an attack on governquences<br />

if its troops fired again al an international<br />

and political means and (without) use of arms". They warned Iraq of unspecified serious conse-<br />

office in the town, killing five PUK members. ment forces by fighters loyal to a renega<strong>de</strong> mem-<br />

patrol.<br />

129


REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RIVISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE lA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />

Turkish Probe November 25, 1993<br />

5<br />

Middle East Peace is Key<br />

to Turco-Syrian Dispute<br />

Murat Y<strong>et</strong>kin<br />

The<br />

Middle East peace process is playing an<br />

increasingly important role in the search for a<br />

solution to the dispute b<strong>et</strong>ween Turkey and its<br />

southern neighbor Syria over Kurdish secessionism.<br />

Kurdish secessionism is the leading problem the<br />

Turkish government has to solve, and Ankara has<br />

been accusing Syria of sheltering the lea<strong>de</strong>rs of the<br />

Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) since the early<br />

1980s.<br />

Two security protocols were signed b<strong>et</strong>ween the<br />

Turkish and Syrian governments in 1987 and 1992,<br />

stating that neither country will permit subversive activities<br />

against each other from their own territory.<br />

A new protocol was ad<strong>de</strong>d to the former ones on<br />

Nov. 20, 1993, at the end of three days of me<strong>et</strong>ings<br />

in Ankara with Maj. Gen. Badr AI-Hassan, the head<br />

of the security <strong>de</strong>sk at the Syrian Interior Ministry.<br />

Observers have voiced their doubts as to wh<strong>et</strong>her<br />

this third protocol will work. Moreover, they say that<br />

the protocol is Damascus' favor to Ankara to save<br />

the domestic credibility of the government -- a new<br />

opportunity for the prime minister to promote the effectiveness<br />

of the government in working' against<br />

Kurdish secessionism. They claim that sheltering<br />

armed groups active in the Middle East is a major<br />

"and perhaps the main" factor in Syrian foreign policy,<br />

and the Hafez AI-Assad regime is in no way inclined<br />

to give it up so easily.<br />

There is truth to this approach since Ankara has<br />

heard nothing but categorical <strong>de</strong>nial from Damascus<br />

on the presence of PKK lea<strong>de</strong>rship in Syria, <strong>de</strong>spite<br />

firm evi<strong>de</strong>nce -- addresses and telephone numbers<br />

of PKK lea<strong>de</strong>r Abdullah Öcalan in Damascus -- presented<br />

in person by former Prime Minister Süleyman<br />

Demirel to Assad in late 1992.<br />

The fourth round of the tripartite talks b<strong>et</strong>ween Turkey,<br />

Syria and Iran on regional security malters and<br />

Iraq, which was to be held on Nov. 25 in Ankara, has<br />

been qui<strong>et</strong>ly canceled because of Syrian reluctance<br />

to me<strong>et</strong>.<br />

But it seems that neither Ankara nor Tehran is<br />

complaining about not having the talks at the scheduled<br />

time. There are two main reasons for this: First,<br />

all three countries want to solve more problems at<br />

the bilateral and technicallevels before having tripartite<br />

and general talks in which foreign ministers are<br />

to express their political wills in one direction or another.<br />

Secondly, they all want to see what is going to<br />

happen in the Middle East peace process as regards<br />

Syria's role.<br />

December is Awaited: The next month is 8'l


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN OZETÎ<br />

Turquie<br />

Députés <strong>et</strong> journalistes kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

sous la menace<br />

~<br />

0'1-<br />

Quatre élus du Parti <strong>de</strong><br />

la démocratie risquent<br />

la peine <strong>de</strong> mort. Un<br />

j(luTl..a1d'Istanbul est<br />

suspendu: Leur crime<br />

est <strong>de</strong> dénoncer la<br />

répression <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> prôner<br />

une solution politique.<br />

LA commission <strong>de</strong> la<br />

Constitution <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la Justice<br />

<strong>de</strong> l'Assemblée nationale<br />

turque a <strong>de</strong>mandé,<br />

jeudi, la levée <strong>de</strong> l'immunité<br />

parlementaire <strong>de</strong> quatre <strong>de</strong>s députés<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s du Parti <strong>de</strong> la démocratie<br />

(DEP). Leur groupe<br />

comprenait dix-huit élus jusqu'à<br />

l'assassinat <strong>de</strong> Mehm<strong>et</strong> Sincar,<br />

le 4 septembre <strong>de</strong>rnier, par un<br />

escadron <strong>de</strong> la mort.<br />

Hatip Diele, le prési<strong>de</strong>nt du<br />

parti, Leyla lana, Ahm<strong>et</strong> Turk<br />

<strong>et</strong> Mahmut Alinak risquent<br />

d'être inculpés <strong>de</strong> sédition <strong>et</strong><br />

passibles <strong>de</strong> la peine capitale. Le<br />

procureur <strong>de</strong> la Cour <strong>de</strong> sûr<strong>et</strong>é<br />

<strong>de</strong> l'Etat d'Ankara entend en<br />

poursuivre un cinquième que la<br />

commission parlementaire a,<br />

pour l'instant, refusé <strong>de</strong> sanctionner.<br />

Depuis leur élection en 1991,<br />

les Kur<strong>de</strong>s sont en butte à l'hostilité<br />

<strong>de</strong>s autres membres <strong>de</strong><br />

l'Assemblée. Gens <strong>de</strong> droite ou<br />

sociaux-démocrates, les députés<br />

font tous assaut <strong>de</strong> nationalisme.<br />

Ils refusent un règlement<br />

politique <strong>de</strong> la question kur<strong>de</strong><br />

que préconise le DEP. rintimidation<br />

n'ayant pas réussi à les<br />

faire taire, le pouvoir les accuse<br />

d'appartenir au Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs<br />

du Kurdistan (PKK),<br />

qui anime la lutte armée dans le<br />

sud-est <strong>de</strong> l'Anatolie.<br />

Les quatre élus menacés nient<br />

catégoriquement tout lien avec<br />

le PKK. Lors du congrès du<br />

DEP qui, ce mois-ci, l'a élu à sa<br />

prési<strong>de</strong>nce, Hatip Diele a néanmoins<br />

souligné l'évi<strong>de</strong>nte représentativité<br />

du PKK. Ces propos<br />

raisonnables sont jugés par le<br />

gouvernement <strong>de</strong> M'" Tansu Ciller,<br />

le prési<strong>de</strong>nt Souleyman Demirel<br />

<strong>et</strong> l'état-major militaire<br />

comme la preuve évi<strong>de</strong>nte d'une<br />

activité subversive <strong>et</strong> terroriste.<br />

« Notre pays est transformé<br />

en un bain <strong>de</strong> sang. Chaque<br />

jour, <strong>de</strong>s dizaines <strong>de</strong> personnes<br />

sont assassinées », déclarait, le<br />

23 novembre <strong>de</strong>rnier. à <strong>Paris</strong>,<br />

Sirri Sakik .. député du DEP,<br />

venu, à l'invitation <strong>de</strong> la Ligue<br />

<strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme, témoigner<br />

avec son collègue Sedat<br />

Yurtdas <strong>de</strong> la répression saue<br />

vage exercée par l'Etat turc. En<br />

plus <strong>de</strong> Mehm<strong>et</strong> Sincar, huit autres<br />

dirigeants du DEP ont été<br />

tués <strong>de</strong>puis juin <strong>de</strong>rnier par les<br />

militaires. Quarante-sept autres<br />

membres <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te formation<br />

- interdite au printemps <strong>de</strong>rnier<br />

sous le nom <strong>de</strong> Parti du<br />

travail du peuple <strong>et</strong> à nouveau<br />

légale sous l'appellation <strong>de</strong><br />

Parti <strong>de</strong> la démocratie - ont<br />

été exécutés par les tueurs à la<br />

sol<strong>de</strong> d'Ankara.<br />

La Cour <strong>de</strong> sûr<strong>et</strong>é <strong>de</strong> l'Etat<br />

d'Istanbul a ordonné, jeudi, la<br />

ferm<strong>et</strong>ure pendant quinze jours<br />

du quotidien « Ozgur Gun<strong>de</strong>m<br />

», qui exprime le point <strong>de</strong><br />

vue <strong>de</strong> la communauté kur<strong>de</strong>.<br />

Le rédacteur en chef <strong>et</strong> le directeur<br />

<strong>de</strong> la publication ont été<br />

inculpés. Six autres membres du<br />

personnel sont encore détenus.<br />

Depuis le début <strong>de</strong> sa parution,<br />

en avril 1992, ce journal, distribué<br />

à 30.000 exemplaires environ,<br />

a été saisi <strong>de</strong>ux cents fois,<br />

poursuivi soixante-dix fois <strong>et</strong><br />

frappé d'amen<strong>de</strong>s s'élevant à <strong>de</strong>s<br />

millions <strong>de</strong> livres turques. Seize<br />

<strong>de</strong> ses journalistes <strong>et</strong> distributeurs<br />

ont été assassinés. Quatre<br />

<strong>de</strong> ses directeurs successifs sont<br />

emprisonnés. Le pouvoir lui reproche,<br />

c<strong>et</strong>te fois-ci, d'avoir publié<br />

une interview d'Abdallah<br />

Ocalan, le principal dirigeant<br />

du PKK. De là à présenter<br />

« Ozgur Gun<strong>de</strong>n » comme l'organe<br />

du parti qualifié <strong>de</strong> terroriste,<br />

il n'y avait qu'un pas, aisément<br />

franchi par la justice<br />

turque. rétat-major exige que<br />

le journal soit interdit.<br />

Un journal<br />

appelle à l'ai<strong>de</strong><br />

A la suite <strong>de</strong> la perquisition menée<br />

le 10 décembre <strong>de</strong>rnier au<br />

siège central du quotidien « Ozgur<br />

Gun<strong>de</strong>m », à Istanbul, <strong>et</strong><br />

dans ses bureaux <strong>de</strong> province,<br />

l'équipe rédactionnelle, <strong>de</strong>s<br />

journalistes <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s écrivains<br />

connus en Turquie ont lancé un<br />

appel à l'ai<strong>de</strong> à leurs collègues<br />

européens. Ils leur proposent :<br />

- <strong>de</strong> venir travailler quelque<br />

temps à la rédaction du<br />

journal menacé <strong>de</strong> ferm<strong>et</strong>ure;<br />

- d'envoyer <strong>de</strong>s articles<br />

contre toute forme d'atteinte à<br />

la liberté <strong>de</strong> la presse qui seront<br />

publiés par le quotidien d'Istanbul;<br />

- <strong>de</strong> dénoncer dans leur~<br />

journaux les atteintes aux droits<br />

<strong>de</strong> l'homme en Turquie.<br />

La suspension d'« Ozgul<br />

Gun<strong>de</strong>m », l'inculpation <strong>de</strong><br />

<strong>de</strong>ux <strong>de</strong>s dirigeants <strong>de</strong> la rédaction,<br />

1£ maintien en gar<strong>de</strong> à vue<br />

<strong>de</strong> plusieurs <strong>de</strong> ses employés ren<strong>de</strong>nt<br />

c<strong>et</strong>te ai<strong>de</strong> encore plus urgente.<br />

131


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA<br />

STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZET;<br />

A.F.I~ - Agèncefrance Presse-A.FP. - AgenceFrancePresse-A.EI~ - ,\gence FrancePresse-A.EP - ,\gellte france Presse-A ..EI~<br />

FRA0150 4 GI 0149 FRA /AFP-PR56<br />

Di v<strong>et</strong>~s-Kut~<strong>de</strong>s<br />

Manifestation en faveur <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s èIvry-sur-Seine (Val-<strong>de</strong>-Marne)<br />

IVRY-SUR-SEINE, 25 déc (AFP) - Environ 2.000 personnes ont participé,<br />

samedi apt~ès-ri1idl,le jOUt~ <strong>de</strong> Noël, à une manifestation en favem~ du "Peuple<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>" sous un chapiteau à Ivry-sur-Seine (Val-<strong>de</strong>-Marne) avec le soutien <strong>de</strong> la<br />

municipalité co~muniste.<br />

. Ce rassemblement était organisé par le MRAP (Mouvement contre le racisme<br />

<strong>et</strong> l'amitié eritre les peuples) SOS Racisme <strong>et</strong> le Croissant rouge du Kurdistan.<br />

Jean Bellanger, responsable <strong>de</strong> la CGT pour l'immigration, a indiqué que<br />

selon lui, "il est bon <strong>de</strong> t~appel<strong>et</strong>~qu'il n' y a nulle<br />

associations km~<strong>de</strong>s, <strong>de</strong> place pOUt~ la célébt~ation <strong>de</strong><br />

pat~t, pom~ les<br />

leut~s fêtes en Ft~ance".<br />

Le responsable <strong>de</strong> l~ CGT a fustigé également les "mesures expéditives <strong>de</strong><br />

Charles Pasqua qui ten<strong>de</strong>nt à faire accréditer l'idée que tous les Kur<strong>de</strong>s sont<br />

<strong>de</strong>s t<strong>et</strong>~t~cn~istes".<br />

jpd/chb<br />

AFP 251916 DEC 93<br />

A. E I~ - Agencel.'rancePresse-A. F I~ - AgenceFrance Presse-A. F P. - \gence FrancePresse-A. E I~ - AgenceFrance Presse-A. F P.<br />

FRA0093 4 I 0202 TUR /AFP-QXI9<br />

T'.wq'.d e-KI.w<strong>de</strong>s<br />

133 rebelles kllr<strong>de</strong>s tués <strong>de</strong>puis le début du mois, selon le ministre <strong>de</strong><br />

l' Int ét'iem'<br />

ISTANBUL, 26 déc (AFP) - 133 rebelles kur<strong>de</strong>s ont été tués lors<br />

d'opérations <strong>de</strong>s forces <strong>de</strong> l'ordre effectuées <strong>de</strong>puis le début du mois <strong>de</strong><br />

décembre, dans l'Est <strong>et</strong> le Sud-Est <strong>de</strong> la Turquie, a indiqué dimanche le<br />

ministre turc <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur, Nahit Mentese, cité par l'agence Anatolie.<br />

Au COI.WS <strong>de</strong> ces opét~ations, 84 "ten'ot~istes" (t<strong>et</strong>~me officielle désignant<br />

les rebelles kur<strong>de</strong>s) ont été arrêtés <strong>et</strong> 381 fusils automatiques, 157<br />

pistol<strong>et</strong>s, 7 lance-roqu<strong>et</strong>tes<br />

mêmes sources, qui n'ont pas<br />

<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux mortiers ont été<br />

fait état <strong>de</strong> pertes dans<br />

saisis, a-t-on ajouté <strong>de</strong><br />

les rangs <strong>de</strong>s forces <strong>de</strong><br />

l'ot~dt~e.<br />

Selon une compilation <strong>de</strong> l'AFP à partir <strong>de</strong> chiffres officielles, 10<br />

soldats <strong>et</strong> 17 civils ont été tués <strong>de</strong>puis le début du mois <strong>de</strong> décembre dans <strong>de</strong>s<br />

inci<strong>de</strong>nts en relation avec la rébellion kur<strong>de</strong>.<br />

Au moins 10.645 personnes (civils, membres <strong>de</strong>s forces <strong>de</strong> l'ordre,<br />

rebelles) ont été tuées, selon une compilation <strong>de</strong> l'AFP, <strong>de</strong>puis que le Pa~ti<br />

<strong>de</strong>s Travailleurs du Kurdistan (PKK, séparatiste) a déclenché en 1984 une lutte<br />

armée contre le pouvoir centrale d'Ankara dans le Sud-Est anatolien à majoritj<br />

kut'<strong>de</strong>.<br />

KG/bm/bt~<br />

AFP 261325 DEC 93<br />

132<br />

'MAlllFESTATIoN'EN'FAVEUR DIS .<br />

.KURDES DANS LE VAL-DE-MARNE<br />

. . .<br />

Environ 2.000 personnes ont participé, hier après-midi,Je<br />

j~; <strong>de</strong> No4!l, à. une manifestation en faveur du -Peuple .<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>- sous un chapiteau à Ivry-sur-Seine da"s le Val-<strong>de</strong>-<br />

Mame avec le sOutien <strong>de</strong> la municipalit~ communiste. Ce .<br />

rassemblement ~tait organisé par 'e.èfRAP (Mouvement<br />

contre 'e racisme <strong>et</strong> l'amitié entre 'es peuples) SOS Racisme<br />

<strong>et</strong> 'e Croissant rouge du Kurdistan. Jean Bellanger,<br />

responsab'e <strong>de</strong> 'a CGT pour "immigration, a indiqué que<br />

se'on 'ui. -il est bon <strong>de</strong> rappeler qu'i' n'y a nulle part, pour<br />

'es associatiOns kur<strong>de</strong>s, <strong>de</strong> p'ace pour 'a cé'ébration <strong>de</strong><br />

'eurs f!tesen France-. Le responsable <strong>de</strong> 'a CGT a fUstigé<br />

éga'ement les -mesures expéditives <strong>de</strong> Char'es Pasqua qui<br />

ten<strong>de</strong>nt c)faire occréditer ridée que tous 'es Kur<strong>de</strong>s sont.<br />

. <strong>de</strong>s t~r.oi'istes~. . .


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÏ<br />

,\.F P - \genee,.'raneePre))e-;\.FI~ - \geneeFrancePre))e-,\.FI~ - \genee,.'raneePre))e-;\.FP - \genceFrancePre))e-,\. F P<br />

FF~A()103 4 T (';::'01 TUR /nFP-'PB31<br />

T',;l"ql.( i ~""f~I.ll"<strong>de</strong>',:;<br />

C'u.;xtr'e COt't'e'~r:oncLln~,', 'II) ,'~I.I(:Ij,llc'lï f'ïl'-"'Jt'c!,' U;:yU\ (:JI.m<strong>de</strong>m êH'r'{d,é~l ,i:l [l.::\Zlr./<br />

ISTANBUL, 26 déc (AFP) - OUèÜt'e cot'r'espoT1cl.::\nt:;; ~I) quat idien ~lt'O'-I-fecbJr-f! qui coon:lonne' la luttp cont:r-f.~ le Pf


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

Monday, December 27,1993<br />

turkish daily news<br />

PKK activities increase<br />

by two.fold this year<br />

Separatist attacks reach record mark<br />

Civilians killed increases 100 percent<br />

Turkish Daily News<br />

ANKARA- Despite official statements<br />

that the outlawed Kurdistan Workers'<br />

Party (PKK) received a major blow in<br />

1993, official figures show a twofold increase<br />

in terrorist activities during the first<br />

11 months of the year in comparison to<br />

the same period in 1992. .<br />

According to official figures provi<strong>de</strong>d<br />

by Turkish security sources and the Interior<br />

Ministry, the number of civilians killed<br />

this Jear increa~ed by ~00 percent<br />

compare to last year s statistics.<br />

Official data shows that in all of 1992<br />

there were 1,920 PKK-related inci<strong>de</strong>nts<br />

throughout Turkey while this figure reached<br />

3,901 in only the first II months of<br />

this year. Meanwhile, the civilian <strong>de</strong>ath<br />

toll was recor<strong>de</strong>d at 1,249 as of Nov. 30,<br />

1993, representing an increase of about<br />

100 percent from 1992's year-end figure<br />

of 6[8.<br />

During the same period in 1993, a total<br />

of 676 security officials, including tem-<br />

porary village guards, soldiers and policemen,<br />

were killed. Last year, this figure<br />

stood at 634. Official figures, provi<strong>de</strong>d in<br />

writin~ to the Turkish Daily News, revealed<br />

an mcrease in PKK casualties and injuries<br />

in .1993 with 1,552 terrorists killed<br />

and 121 woun<strong>de</strong>d, in contrast to last year's<br />

figures of 1,228 killed and 52 woun<strong>de</strong>d.<br />

.<br />

However, the number of alleged terrorists<br />

caught by security forces so far in<br />

1993 was 7,640, lower than the 7,908 terrorists<br />

caught in 1992.<br />

While 853 civilians were woun<strong>de</strong>d in<br />

1992, the figure rose to 1,389 in 1993.<br />

The number of woun<strong>de</strong>d security personnel<br />

also increased in this year's figures.<br />

During the first Il months of 1993, securit):<br />

forces confiscated 3,02810ng-range<br />

nfles, 1,221 guns, 2,164 bombs and<br />

463,378 bull<strong>et</strong>s. In all of 1992, security<br />

forces had managed to seize 3,109longrange<br />

rifles, 1,290 guns, 2,368 bombs<br />

and 352,959 bull<strong>et</strong>s.<br />

;<br />

AydJnhk claims regional<br />

countries will clamp down<br />

on Kurds in January<br />

Turkish Daily News<br />

ANKARA- The Turkish Daily Aydmhk claimed on<br />

Sunday that Turkey, along with Iran and Syria, was preparing<br />

to clamp down on separatist Kurdish movements<br />

on a s<strong>et</strong> date.<br />

The Aydmhk report said the joint operation would be<br />

launched on Jan. 15 and would targ<strong>et</strong> Kurdish secessionist<br />

movements in all of the three countries as well<br />

as in northern Iraq. It said the tripartite summit b<strong>et</strong>ween<br />

foreign ministers of Syria, Turkey and Iran would be<br />

held before the operatIOn was launched. Quoting uni<strong>de</strong>ntified<br />

sources m the Foreign Ministry, Aydmhk said<br />

a secr<strong>et</strong> agreement had been signed b<strong>et</strong>ween the three<br />

countries and that all had aßreed on <strong>de</strong>aling with the<br />

Kurds. The report said that uamascus insisted on Turkey<br />

signing a formal agreement by Dec. 31 at the latest,<br />

and solving the regional water issue before the operation<br />

was launched. According to the newspaper,lraqi<br />

Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) representative to<br />

Ankara. Safeen Dizai held a me<strong>et</strong>ing witb Gendarmerie<br />

Operation director Gen. Yusuf Soyba~ on Dec.22, and<br />

that the Iraqi Kurds would also participate inan operation.<br />

Un<strong>de</strong>r a separate headline, the paper said the Iraqi<br />

Kurds were preparing to crack down on the outlawed<br />

Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) in northern Iraq.<br />

ÇiIler: TL 400 trillion allotted to Army for '94<br />

PM warns against frustrating Anny, calls for support for security forces fighting in the Southeast<br />

Turkish Daily News against terrorism because the success of Turkish<br />

ANKARA- Prime Minister Tansu Çiller has re- economy is contingent upon it," the prime minister<br />

vea!ed that TL 400 trillion, 5.6 percent of the said.<br />

Gross National Product, would be spooned out to Admitting that tourism had been <strong>de</strong>alt a heavy<br />

the Turkish Armed Forces in 1994 for its mo<strong>de</strong>rni- blow by increasing acts of terrorism, Çiller said<br />

zation and to finance the fight againstterrorism. In that in the southern resort city of Antalya alone, a<br />

an exclusive interview with the rightist daily Tur- seasonalloss if $1.5 million had been reported.<br />

kiye, Çiller warned against attempts to frustrate Çiller ad<strong>de</strong>d that Operation Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort was<br />

the Turkish military, and <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>d support "for a bulwark against the threat posed by Saddam<br />

those who are bravely fighting against terrorism in Hussein, and that it was only the outlawed Kurdithe<br />

Southeast." stan Workers' Party (PKK) that did not the opera-.<br />

"Turkey must emerge victorious from its fight tion.<br />

134


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA<br />

STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />

,\.EP - \~l'ncl'l'rancl'Prl'~~l'- \.Ef>. - \~l'ncl'"rancl'PI'l'\\l'-,\.EP - \~l'ncl'Francl'Prl'\~l'-,\.EP - .\gl'ncl'Ft:lIncl'Prl'~\l'-.\.EP<br />

FRA0155 4 I 0152 TUR IAFP-UI99<br />

Tut'qu ie-KI.ll"d e s<br />

Onze ~ebelles kur<strong>de</strong>s tués en Anatolie<br />

ANKARA, 27 déc (AFP) - Onze rebelles kur<strong>de</strong>s ont été tués <strong>et</strong> une trentaine<br />

d'autres arrêtés dimanche dans <strong>de</strong>s opérations <strong>de</strong> l'armée turque dans l'est <strong>et</strong><br />

le sud-est anatoliens, a-t-on annoncé <strong>de</strong> source officielle lundi.<br />

Il s'agit notamment d'une opération terrestre soutenue par <strong>de</strong>s<br />

hélicoptères au sud <strong>de</strong> la bourga<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Semdinli A l'intersection <strong>de</strong>s frontières<br />

..t.IJt'que,it'anienne <strong>et</strong> it'akienne. Onze t'ebelles du Pat'ti <strong>de</strong>s tt'availleut's du<br />

Kurdistan (PKK, séparatiste) qui essayaient <strong>de</strong> s'infiltrer en territoire turc<br />

ont été tués <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s munitions saisies lors <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te opération, selon la même<br />

so Ut'ce.<br />

Au moins 175 personnes (148 rebelles, 17 civils <strong>et</strong> 10 membres <strong>de</strong>s forces<br />

<strong>de</strong> l'ordre) ont péri <strong>de</strong>puis le 1er décembre dans <strong>de</strong>s inci<strong>de</strong>nts entre le PKK <strong>et</strong><br />

les forces <strong>de</strong> l'ordre, selon un décompte établi par l'AFP A partir <strong>de</strong> chiffres<br />

officiels.<br />

YM/sp<br />

AFP 271432 DEe 93<br />

Are They Helping Iran Go Nuclear? circumvent il. The Czechs are hungry<br />

and want to sell to anybod~.<br />

Into this mix comes Israel s back-chan.<br />

ASHINGTO,N -:- Som<strong>et</strong>h~ng By William Safire nel approach to Iran. It confuses the<br />

W very strange is gomg on, behind ~ Germans, irritates the Americans, amuses<br />

closed doors, among the governmen~s<br />

the Iraniaris and splits the Israelis.<br />

of Israel, Germany, the Czech Republic diaries, that could transform Iran into a ~ ~ What to do? Jerusalem journalists<br />

and Iran. Blin<strong>de</strong>d again by the ~rge to nuclear terrorist power; < 0'1, should keep up the heat on back-chanrecover<br />

hostages and the <strong>de</strong>lUSiOnof For years, Iran has been trying to g<strong>et</strong> ~ Q 01 nel <strong>de</strong>alings With consequences that en-<br />

Irania!l '''no<strong>de</strong>rates,'' Israel may un- Germany's Siemens AG, whose nuclear ~ ~ danger national survival. Bonn should<br />

witting!) lie providing the intelligence techn~lop is far in advance of Russia's ":;J =- keep a close eye on the use of cutouts<br />

cover that could help Tehran acquire or China s, to build its nuclear facilities. ~ E-c ~ by its industrial giants.<br />

Western nuclear technology. Iran already has enough cheal' oil to 0 r.~ == And Prague should be told that if<br />

I have only fragments of the Skoda satisfy energy needs for generations; its ~ - ~ it sees its future as a merchant of <strong>de</strong>ath<br />

~t~ry,and may be putting them tog<strong>et</strong>her onlyinterest is in acquiring the ability to ~ ~ = it can expect no membership in NATO:<br />

àùs~enly; but rather ~ exhort the build nuclear bombs. -.. = ~ not even a halfway "partnership for<br />

i'as~gton pursfuersof.Whitewat~te, At the request of the United States, ~ ~ ~ peace." If the Russian bear again be-<br />

~t me ay out a ew ,cunous connecUons the Kohl government has restrained the ~ ~ ~ gins to growl, do Czechs really want<br />

picked up last week m Central Eur~. Siemens chief executive, Heinrich von ~ to turn for their security to nuclear<br />

Threemonthsago, the headofIraman Pi f _At.:_ I customers in Tehran?<br />

intem..<br />

....<br />

ften.ce.paid a visit to German. y at<br />

Iran.<br />

erer,<br />

But<br />

rom<br />

Siemens<br />

1WLUllga<br />

may<br />

nuc<br />

have<br />

ear<br />

<strong>de</strong>veloped<br />

<strong>de</strong>al with... The New vor'<br />

, ,<br />

k "','ms'S.<br />

, I ~,<br />

the inVitatiOn of Bernd Schmidbauer, what spooks call a "cutout," or interme-<br />

Chancellor Helmut Kohl's intelligence diary, through a joint venture with the<br />

chief. The me<strong>et</strong>ing was arran$ed at the Czech company Skoda PIzen.<br />

secr<strong>et</strong> request of the Israeli government,<br />

which had its representatives in a As Stephen Engelberg of The New<br />

room 50 fe<strong>et</strong> down the hall from the York Times reported Dec. IS Israeli<br />

Iranians and Germans.<br />

journalists discovered that Skoda's di;<br />

The subject of the proximity talks rector, Lubomir Sou<strong>de</strong>k, had been in<br />

was, presumably, Israelis held hostage Iran from Nov. 23 to Dec: 3 me<strong>et</strong>ing<br />

by the Hezbollah in Lebanon, which with Riza Amoralahi, the head of Iran's<br />

operates un<strong>de</strong>r Syrian sufferance but nuclear energy <strong>de</strong>partment. The compaun<strong>de</strong>r<br />

the primary control of Iran. The ny said it was about trolley cars and<br />

me<strong>et</strong>ing in Bonn went badly, and the "energy cooperation." Sure.<br />

Iranians 'publicly ma<strong>de</strong> known their When U.S, officials protested to<br />

presence m the German capital. Prague, &heCzech government claimed<br />

This triggered a vigorous U.S. protest that shipment of nuclear technology to<br />

_ why were the Germans secr<strong>et</strong>ly play- Iran was "not <strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong>d." Intelligence<br />

ing host to the Iranians? - and embar- sources tell me some Czechs are eager to<br />

rassed Mr. Kohl, who has been tight as a sell Iran ','Tamara" radar, sensitive<br />

tick WithPresi<strong>de</strong>nt Bill amton. It forced enough to spot U.S. Stealth bombers as<br />

the Israelis (whose presence down the hall well as Semtex explosives, the preferi-ed<br />

may or may not have.been known to the plastic of terrorists worldwi<strong>de</strong>.<br />

_ Iranians) to acknowledge that the me<strong>et</strong>- Le(s now review the bidding. Israeli<br />

ing had been held at Prime Minister Yitz- d~fe~se policy, articulated by Mr. Rahak<br />

Rabin's request. Two weeks ago, Mr. bm, IS centered on countering a long-<br />

Rabin m<strong>et</strong> Mr. Kohl in Bonn.<br />

term missile threat from nuclear Iran<br />

So the Israelis will go to great lengths not any conventional tank threat fro~<br />

to g<strong>et</strong> their people back, and the Germans Syria. U.S. stratC$Ïc doctrine agrees.<br />

comply. What's the big <strong>de</strong>al?It is that this<br />

back channel overlaps -and muddies up<br />

Germany, after being burned in LibYll<br />

and Iraq, has a policy of restraining<br />

- other activity b<strong>et</strong>ween the Germans<br />

and Iranians, with the Czech.~as in~<br />

exP?Jl of nu!'e-tech to terrorist stat~,<br />

but its executives are looking for ways to<br />

135


o overrun<br />

o Radica<br />

o Iraq<br />

and the protection of Kurds in northern Iraq<br />

<strong>de</strong>r,end on Turkey's co~peration. o.. .<br />

The ßround IS fertile for polanzatlon," saId<br />

Cengiz ~andar, a columnist for the Istanbul daily<br />

Sabah. I There is a .feeling of revolt in the conscience<br />

of the people. We feel our Muslim i<strong>de</strong>ntity<br />

much more strongly."<br />

Some see the Islamic revival as a belated reaco<br />

tion<br />

By Daniel J. Wakin<br />

AS.ÇQciaredPress Writer<br />

ISTANBUL- Bumper stickers proclaim "Power<br />

belongs to God~" The power of Islam is growing<br />

in Turkey, a predominantly Muslim but constitutionally<br />

secular nation of 60 million people. As it<br />

does, the division wi<strong>de</strong>ns b<strong>et</strong>ween religIOus actio<br />

vists<br />

0<br />

o transferred<br />

o in<br />

o where<br />

o Emergency<br />

o ens<br />

REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ~RNISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />

Tuesday, December 28,1993 turkish daily news<br />

Power of Islam grows in officmlly secular Turkey<br />

and reople <strong>de</strong>dicated to secularism.<br />

Islain is not consi<strong>de</strong>red likely to .dominate<br />

the country, as in neighboring Iran, but its<br />

• anti-Western message conflIcts with Turkey's position<br />

as a NATO member and aspirant to the European<br />

Community. Enforcement of sanctions on<br />

against how the mo<strong>de</strong>m republic was foun<strong>de</strong>d<br />

71 years ago by Mustafa Kemal, later named<br />

Atatürk. 0<br />

o He<br />

ruthlessly sought to rid Turkey of its Ottoman<br />

'and religious past, using Western-oriented<br />

secular nationalism to unite It. He closed religious<br />

schools and a few mosques, turning them into<br />

museums; banned the public wearing of religious<br />

garb and changed to the Roman alphab<strong>et</strong><br />

from the Arabic, the language of the Koran.<br />

Nowadays, mainstream politicians take care to<br />

be observed<br />

cated female<br />

going to mosques and the U.S.-edu-<br />

premier, Tansu Çiller, says, "Thank<br />

God I am a Muslim." The circulations of Islamic<br />

newspapers are mcreasmg.<br />

Although no statistics are available, analysts<br />

say Turks are becoming more observant. Women<br />

ankle-length black robes, showing only a small<br />

triangle of face, are common in some quarters of<br />

Istanbul, a city of Il million.<br />

The fundamentalist Welfare Party, a well-organized<br />

group .led by Necm<strong>et</strong>tin Erbakan, won 40<br />

seats in the 450-member Parliament in 1991 and<br />

captured six Istanbul districts in local elections a<br />

year ago. ~t is ~xpected to do well in nationwi<strong>de</strong><br />

local elecllons m March. .<br />

Erbakan claims his followers have doubled in<br />

number to 1.6 million over two years. He draws<br />

support from those who are dissatisfied with corruption<br />

and from the masses of rural migrants to<br />

the cities, many of whom find refuge from unem- 0<br />

p,loyment and poverty in the promises of religion.<br />

'Islam will make a revolutIOn in civilizatIOn,"<br />

said one Welfare Party supporter, Firat Oruc, a<br />

19-year-old sociology stu<strong>de</strong>nt at Istanbul University.<br />

He spoke durinf noon prayers one Friday in<br />

December at the 6th-


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA<br />

STAMPA-DENTRO DE lA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

,\. E P - \~l'ncl' rrancl' PI'l'\\l'- \. E J>.- \~l'ncl' Irancl' Prl'\\('- \, E P - \~l'nCl'Iranct.'Prl'\\l'-,\. E P - \~l'nce FrancePre~~e-, \. E P.<br />

FRA0318 4 I 0165 SYR IA~P-C~02<br />

It'ak-KI.n'<strong>de</strong>s<br />

M. Bat'zan i t'end 1a L igu e I . - \~encl' "rance Prl'~~e-,\.EP - \~encel'rance Pre~~e- \.E J>.<br />

FRA0103 4 I 0145 IRK /AFP-XR66<br />

It'ak-KIJt'<strong>de</strong>s<br />

Au moins 31 morts <strong>et</strong> 134 blessés dans <strong>de</strong>s affrontements inter-kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

SOULEIMANIEH (Irak), 28 déc (AFP) - Les affrontements entre formations<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s rivales dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak ont fait au moins 31 morts <strong>et</strong> 134<br />

ble~sé3 <strong>et</strong> se sont poursuivis jusqu'à lundi sbir, en dépit d'un cessez-le-feu,<br />

selon <strong>de</strong>s sources kur<strong>de</strong>s.<br />

Les combats entre l'Union Patriotique du<br />

Talabani) <strong>et</strong> la Ligue Islamique Kur<strong>de</strong> (LIK,<br />

y a dix jours, s'étaient interrompus samedi<br />

cessez-le-feu.<br />

Kurdistan (UPK, <strong>de</strong> 1alal<br />

pro-iranienne), qui ont éclaté il<br />

après la signature d'un<br />

Les affrontements ont cependant repris dimanche dans <strong>de</strong>ux <strong>de</strong>s principales<br />

villes kur<strong>de</strong>s dans les régions du nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak qui échappent au contrOle du<br />

régime du prési<strong>de</strong>nt Saddam Hussein, Erbil <strong>et</strong> Souleimanieh. Ils se sont achevés<br />

lundi matin à Souleimanieh <strong>et</strong> dans la soirée à Erbil.<br />

ls/at/lba/bt'<br />

AF.P 281131 DEC 93<br />

TURQUIE<br />

Un quotidien nationaliste kur<strong>de</strong><br />

est <strong>de</strong> nouveau condamné<br />

ISTANBUL<br />

<strong>de</strong> notre correspondante<br />

La Cour <strong>de</strong> st1r<strong>et</strong>é <strong>de</strong> l'Etat<br />

d'Istanbul a prononcé <strong>de</strong>ux nouvelles<br />

condamnations, vendredi<br />

24 décembre, contre le quotidien<br />

nationaliste k.lI,r<strong>de</strong> Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m,<br />

en vertu <strong>de</strong> 'la loi contre le<br />

terrorisme: le quotidien <strong>de</strong>vra<br />

cesser <strong>de</strong> paraître durant <strong>de</strong>ux<br />

mois au total <strong>et</strong> l'éditeur respon-<br />

,sable du journal a été condamné<br />

à quatre ans <strong>de</strong> prison <strong>et</strong> l'équivalent<br />

<strong>de</strong> 80 000 francs<br />

d'amen<strong>de</strong>. Cela étant, ces<br />

condamnations, comme les précé<strong>de</strong>ntes,<br />

<strong>de</strong>vant encore être confirmées<br />

par la Cour <strong>de</strong> cassation,<br />

Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m continue à<br />

paraître normalement.<br />

Dix-sept <strong>de</strong>s dix-neuf journalistes<br />

placés en gar<strong>de</strong> à vue lors<br />

<strong>de</strong> la rafle dans les locaux du<br />

journal, le 10 décembre, ont été<br />

relâchés, jeudi 23 décembre, par<br />

le même tribunal, mais la rédactrice<br />

en chef, Mme Ersöz, <strong>et</strong> le<br />

directeur administratif, M. Halis,<br />

ont été arrêtés. Les journalistes<br />

ont déclaré avoir été torturés lors<br />

<strong>de</strong> leur détention. Trois <strong>de</strong>s quatre<br />

correspondants du journal à<br />

Elazig (dans l'est du pays), en<br />

gar<strong>de</strong> à vue <strong>de</strong>puis quinze jours,<br />

ont été mis en état d'arrestation<br />

dimanche.<br />

C<strong>et</strong>te campagne d'intimidation<br />

entre dans le cadre du durcissement<br />

<strong>de</strong> la politique <strong>de</strong> l'Etat<br />

contre le Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du<br />

Kurdistan (PKK). L'armée ne<br />

cache pas son irritation croissante<br />

à l'égard <strong>de</strong> ce quotidien<br />

LE MONDE - 28 décembre 1993<br />

qu'elle considère comme un<br />

organe du mouvement séparatiste.<br />

Vendredi 24 décembre, le<br />

chef d'état-major, le général<br />

Güres, a prononcé un discours<br />

très dur contre «les nabots braillards»<br />

qui seraient « les collaborateurs<br />

<strong>de</strong>s organisations terroristes».<br />

C<strong>et</strong>te nervosité s'explique<br />

aussi par le sérieux revers subi<br />

par l'armée la semaine <strong>de</strong>rnière:<br />

une puissante campagne <strong>de</strong> l'ensemble<br />

<strong>de</strong> la presse a, en eff<strong>et</strong>,<br />

contraint la cour militaire à<br />

relâcher <strong>de</strong>ux journalistes <strong>de</strong> la<br />

télévision privée HBB, arrêtés, à<br />

la <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> du chef d'état-major<br />

ell personne, pour avoir fait une<br />

émission sur les réfractaires au<br />

service militaire. - (Intérim.)<br />

137


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA STAMPA-DENTRO.DE LA PRENSA-BASIN OZETi<br />

A. E I~ - AgenceFrance Presse-A. E P - AgenceFrance Presse-A. E P - ;\gence France Presse-A. E P - .\gence France Presse -A. E P.<br />

~~A019~-41 0203 TUR /AFP-AV83<br />

Turqui.7Kur<strong>de</strong>s-Irak<br />

Reconduction <strong>de</strong> la présence alliée pour surveiller l'Irak<br />

ANKARA,28 déc (AFP) - Le parlement turc a voté mardi la reconduction <strong>de</strong><br />

la présence en Turquie <strong>de</strong> la force multinationale <strong>de</strong> protection <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

d'Irak <strong>de</strong>puis la base turco-américaine d'Incirlik (sud, près d'Adana) dans le<br />

cadt~e <strong>de</strong> la phase .::: <strong>de</strong> l'opét~ation "Pt~ovi<strong>de</strong> Comfot~t".<br />

Le gouvernement turc avait décidé la semaine <strong>de</strong>rMière <strong>de</strong> soum<strong>et</strong>tre au<br />

parlement la prolongation pour six mois <strong>de</strong> la présence à Incirlik <strong>de</strong>s forces<br />

aériennes alliées chargées <strong>de</strong> protéger les Kur<strong>de</strong>s d'Irak qui vient à échéance<br />

le 31 décembt~e.<br />

Ces forces aériennes alliées --américaines, françaises <strong>et</strong> britanniques--<br />

avec 48 chasseurs-bombardiers <strong>et</strong> appareils d'observation plus leurs avions .<strong>de</strong><br />

t~avitaillement <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s "t~adat~svolants" AWACS, ont pOUt~ mission <strong>de</strong> s,-wveill<strong>et</strong>~<br />

la zone d'exclusion<br />

pat~allèle.<br />

<strong>de</strong> vol imposée aux appareils irakiens au nord du 36ème<br />

Elles ont aussi pour mission <strong>de</strong> surv~iller les mouvements <strong>de</strong> troupes<br />

irakiennes en direction <strong>de</strong> la zone <strong>de</strong> sécurité établie par la coalition dans<br />

une ban<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> territoire du nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak proche <strong>de</strong> la frontière turque, dans<br />

une zone sous contrôle kur<strong>de</strong> irakien <strong>de</strong>puis octobre 1991.<br />

YM/sp<br />

AFP 281550 DEC 93<br />

TURQUIE. O1latre<br />

corresp'oflt[ö;nts<br />

du quotIdienJur<strong>de</strong> ((Ozgur<br />

Gun<strong>de</strong>m » ont êté arrêtés à<br />

Elazig (est <strong>de</strong> la Turquie), après<br />

la saisie au bureau local du<br />

journal <strong>de</strong> documéirt~<br />

concernant le Parti <strong>de</strong>s<br />

travailleurs du<br />

Kurdistan (PKK), a annoncé<br />

hier la super-préfecture <strong>de</strong> l'état<br />

d'urgence à Diyarbakir. A<br />

Ankara, le ministère <strong>de</strong><br />

l'Intérieur a indiqué que<br />

133 personnes ont été tuées par<br />

l'armée <strong>de</strong>puis le début du mois<br />

au Kurdistan turc. Selon lin<br />

décompte <strong>de</strong> l'AFP, au moins<br />

10.645 personnes ont été tuées.<br />

dans les opérations <strong>de</strong><br />

répression menées par l'armée<br />

turque au Kurdistan <strong>de</strong>puis<br />

1984.<br />

.ā><br />

'0<br />

L-<br />

a><br />

.-<br />

L-<br />

L-<br />

::J<br />

o<br />

U<br />

a><br />

..J<br />

Une réaction du RPR<br />

à propos <strong>de</strong> la jeune Kur<strong>de</strong><br />

La fédération RPR <strong>de</strong>s Deux~S-èvres estime<br />

que la jeune Kur<strong>de</strong> Gurb<strong>et</strong> Ayaz n'est pas assignée<br />

à rési<strong>de</strong>nce à Reffanes ((sans preuve».<br />

Selon Lucien Boutineau, secrétaire départemental<br />

du RPR, ((tout étranger résidant sur notre sol<br />

.est tehu à un droit <strong>de</strong> réserve. Notre territoire<br />

ne. doit en aucun cas servir <strong>de</strong> base arrière ou<br />

logistique à <strong>de</strong>s associations terroristes ... Comme.<br />

tout citoyen français, l'étranger a <strong>de</strong>s droits'<br />

ma.!s également <strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>voirs)). Le RPR souligne<br />

enfm que (<strong>de</strong>s quatre inspecteurs <strong>de</strong>s Renseignemf!nts<br />

généraux chargés <strong>de</strong> la sécurité <strong>de</strong><br />

c<strong>et</strong>te Jeune personne n'ont pas passé la fête <strong>de</strong><br />

Noël en famille. Pourtant personne n'en<br />

pqj/e. ... )). . ..<br />

138


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÏ<br />

MISSION HUMANITAIRE<br />

La vie comme passion<br />

Marie-Ma<strong>de</strong>leine Giro dia s,<br />

infirmière à l'hôpital d'Aubagne<br />

,. . .<br />

est r<strong>et</strong>ournee SIX semaines au<br />

Kurdistan avec "Mé<strong>de</strong>cins du<br />

Mon<strong>de</strong>". Témoignages <strong>de</strong><br />

visions d'un autre temps, où la<br />

misère cotoie la mort <strong>et</strong> où la<br />

vie semble un merveilleux<br />

message d'amour ...<br />

Merie.Me<strong>de</strong>leine Girodie. vecclnent quelque. enfents, "C'e.t un<br />

peuple extreordlneirement <strong>et</strong>techent", (Photo D.R.)<br />

Marie-Ma<strong>de</strong>leine<br />

m<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> plus<br />

en plus <strong>de</strong><br />

temps à s'acclimater<br />

à la France. Aprés<br />

six semaines passées au<br />

Kurdistan à panser les<br />

plaies gangrenées <strong>de</strong>s<br />

hommes, à soigner les enfants<br />

qui ont perdu une<br />

jambe ou un bras sur les<br />

mines, les Français semblent<br />

bien tristes, bien avi<strong>de</strong>s,<br />

égoïstes, tout simplement<br />

..•<br />

"Et dans les hôpitaux,<br />

.que1 gaspillage ..." sourit<br />

Marie-Ma<strong>de</strong>leine lorsqu'elle<br />

voit ses collègues infirmières<br />

utiliser, comme le<br />

veut l'hygiène, pléthore <strong>de</strong><br />

compresses.<br />

Quand au Kurdistan, les<br />

souris courent sur le bloc<br />

opératoire, que le flacon <strong>de</strong><br />

désinfectant dure plusieurs<br />

jours pour <strong>de</strong>s dizaines <strong>et</strong><br />

<strong>de</strong>s dizaines d'opérés.<br />

Destination<br />

<strong>de</strong> Rania<br />

l'h6pital<br />

Depuis 1988,Marie-Ma<strong>de</strong>leine<br />

Girodias, infirmière<br />

à l'hôpital d'Aubagne,<br />

"profite" <strong>de</strong> ses congés annuels<br />

pour partir en mission<br />

avec Mé<strong>de</strong>cins du<br />

Mon<strong>de</strong>. Aprés la Cote d'Ivoire,<br />

la Pologne <strong>et</strong> l'Irak,<br />

elle est <strong>de</strong> nouveau r<strong>et</strong>ournée,<br />

c<strong>et</strong>te année, au Kurdistan<br />

pour s'occuper <strong>de</strong><br />

l'hôpital <strong>de</strong> Rania, avec un<br />

chirurgien <strong>et</strong> un infirmier<br />

anestpésiste bénévole.<br />

"La guerre est finie,<br />

souligne Marie-Ma<strong>de</strong>leine,<br />

<strong>de</strong>puis que les Kur<strong>de</strong>s ont<br />

obtenu leur indépendance.<br />

Mais le pays est exsangue:<br />

à cause <strong>de</strong> l'embargo <strong>de</strong> l'Irak,<br />

la menace permanente<br />

d'une invasion <strong>de</strong>s frontières<br />

par Saddam Hussein,<br />

le Kurdistan subit en<br />

plus les affrontements<br />

journaliers <strong>de</strong>s différentes<br />

factions kurdès. :Et là-bas,<br />

tout se règle au kalachnikov<br />

..."<br />

Economie<br />

exsangue<br />

Chaque habitant est<br />

d'ailleurs armé pour se<br />

protéger <strong>de</strong>s pillages. L'économie<br />

est au plus mal. Si<br />

l'ai<strong>de</strong> alimentaire perm<strong>et</strong><br />

aux habitants <strong>de</strong> survivre,<br />

l'inflation est telle que les<br />

Kur<strong>de</strong>s ne peuvent ach<strong>et</strong>er<br />

le minimum pour couvrir<br />

les enfants.<br />

Marie-Ma<strong>de</strong>leine, entre<br />

<strong>de</strong>ux cours <strong>de</strong> français <strong>et</strong><br />

<strong>de</strong>s campagnes <strong>de</strong> vaccination<br />

massives, a travaillé<br />

dans les salles <strong>de</strong> l'hôpital,<br />

où les opérations se sont<br />

succédées. "On voit <strong>de</strong>s<br />

cho.sesincroyables. Des pathoiogies<br />

que l'on ne peut<br />

rencontrer en France: <strong>de</strong>s<br />

tumeurs énormes, <strong>de</strong>s calculs<br />

rénaux sur <strong>de</strong> tout jeunes<br />

enfants, <strong>de</strong>s femmes<br />

enceintes ayant besoin d'une<br />

césarienne <strong>et</strong> qui arrivent<br />

à l'hôpital avec une<br />

jambe du gamin sortant<br />

L'h6pitel <strong>de</strong> Renie: pe. <strong>de</strong> couverture ni <strong>de</strong> drep•• ur le. lits. Quent<br />

eux femllle., ene. mengent 6 m'me le .01. (Photo D.R.)<br />

déjà <strong>de</strong> l'utérus ... Mais le<br />

plus gros <strong>de</strong>s opérations<br />

touche les blessés qui arrivent<br />

par dizaines. Tous<br />

ont sauté sur <strong>de</strong>s mines."<br />

Opérations<br />

déminage<br />

<strong>de</strong><br />

Malgré les importantes<br />

opérations <strong>de</strong> déminage,<br />

les champs sont encore infestés.<br />

Et la situation est<br />

telle que lorsqu'un enfant<br />

arrive, les intestins perforés,<br />

les jambes arrachées<br />

parce qu'il a sauté sur une<br />

mine en gardant une vache,<br />

la famille pleure autant<br />

sur lui que sur le sort<br />

<strong>de</strong> l'animal, si précieux en<br />

ces temps, <strong>de</strong> dis<strong>et</strong>tfl ...<br />

Marie-Ma<strong>de</strong>leine n'a<br />

pas le temps <strong>de</strong> s'apitoyer,<br />

pas le temps <strong>de</strong> s'émouvoir<br />

<strong>de</strong> ces images insoutenables.<br />

Il lui reste simplement<br />

une gran<strong>de</strong> nostalgie,<br />

<strong>et</strong> un immense désir <strong>de</strong> revoir<br />

ce peuple "si attachant,<br />

si extraordinaire". Et,<br />

avant <strong>de</strong> préparer le prochain<br />

voyage, Marie-Ma<strong>de</strong>leine<br />

raconte son expéri<br />

e n ce, hi s t ai re <strong>de</strong><br />

relativiser un peu nos notions<br />

<strong>de</strong> misère humaine,<br />

<strong>et</strong> recommence à accumuler<br />

médicaments, vêtements<br />

chauds, fourniture<br />

scolaire: "6000 enfants<br />

suivent assidument l'école<br />

qui fonctionne grâce à <strong>de</strong><br />

nombreuses associations:<br />

France Libertés, Equilibre,<br />

l'U.NICEF, <strong>et</strong> surtODt, les<br />

139


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

instituteurs eux-mêmes<br />

qui partagent leur maigre<br />

salaire pour assurer la<br />

fourniture scolaire <strong>de</strong>s enfants.<br />

Pour eux, l'enseignement<br />

est le ~eul moye~ <strong>de</strong><br />

sortir les. fmfants <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te<br />

situation. Et ils ont sûrement<br />

raison."<br />

• Tous vos dons sont<br />

sont les bienvenus. L'assôci~ijon<br />

Mé<strong>de</strong>cins du Mon<strong>de</strong><br />

recherche également<br />

<strong>de</strong>s chirurgiens <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s infirmiers<br />

bénévoles. Renseignements<br />

auprés <strong>de</strong><br />

Marie- Ma<strong>de</strong>leine Girodias,<br />

au 42.03.69.44 •.<br />

A.EP -Agence FrancePresse-A.EP -Agence FrancePresse-A.E1~ -;\gence FrancePresse-A.EP -.\gence FrancePresse-A.FP.<br />

FRA0245 4 I 0340 IRK /AFP-FZ95<br />

It'ak-Kur'<strong>de</strong> s<br />

Le "gouver'nement"kur'<strong>de</strong> satisfait <strong>de</strong> la t'econduction du mandat <strong>de</strong> la for'ce<br />

alliée <strong>de</strong> proctection<br />

ERBIL (It'ak), 29 déc (AFP) -- Le "gouv<strong>et</strong>'nement" kut'<strong>de</strong> d€~ nor'd <strong>de</strong> l' Ir'a~(a<br />

accueilli avec satisfaction la reconduction pour six mois par la Turquie <strong>de</strong> la<br />

présence sur son sbl <strong>de</strong> la force multinationale <strong>de</strong> protection <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

irakiens, en réitérant toutefois sa <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> d'un mandat <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux ans.<br />

"C<strong>et</strong>te extension est la bienvenue, mais <strong>de</strong>ux ans aur'aient constitué un<br />

me iIl e Ur' man d a t pou r' not t'e peu pIe qui s' e ffOr'ce <strong>de</strong>r' econ st r'uit,e son é con 0 mie Il ,<br />

a affit'mé ~ l'AFP le "ministt'e" kUr'<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>!; Affait'es militait'es, Cabbar' Fer'man.<br />

Les régions kur<strong>de</strong>s du nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak, dotées <strong>de</strong>puis 1992 d'un<br />

Il g 0 Uv<strong>et</strong>'n e men t Il étab Ii à Er'b i1 <strong>et</strong> non t'econ nui nt <strong>et</strong>'na t ion ale men t , écha ppen t<br />

<strong>de</strong>puis octobre 1991 au contrOle du régime du prési<strong>de</strong>nt irakien Saddam Hussein.<br />

Des affrontements y ont opposé ces <strong>de</strong>rniers jours l'Union patriotique du<br />

Kurdistan (UPK, <strong>de</strong> Jalal Talabani) -- qui forme, avec le Parti démocratique du<br />

Kut'distan (PDK, <strong>de</strong> Massoud Bar'zani), le "gouv<strong>et</strong>'nement Il kur'<strong>de</strong> .---<strong>et</strong> la Ligue<br />

islamique kur<strong>de</strong> (LIK), une formation pro-iranienne.<br />

Selon <strong>de</strong>s sources kur<strong>de</strong>s, ces combats ont fait dimanche <strong>et</strong> lundi au moins<br />

31 tués <strong>et</strong> 134 blessés dans la seule ville <strong>de</strong> Souleimanieh, s'ajoutant à ~~<br />

tués la semaine <strong>de</strong>rnière. Aucun bilan n'était dis~onible pour l'ensemble du<br />

Kurdistan d'Irak.<br />

La reconduction du mandat <strong>de</strong> la force multinationale <strong>de</strong> protection <strong>de</strong>s<br />

Kur'<strong>de</strong>s d'It'ak, basée dans le camp tur'co--amér'icain d' Incir'l ik (s'.ld,pr'ès<br />

d'Adana), s'est effectlJée dans le cadr'e <strong>de</strong> l'opér'ation "j:)t'ovi<strong>de</strong>Comfor't", mlse<br />

;en place pat' les alliés apr'ès la guen'e du Golfe.<br />

C<strong>et</strong>te force, constituée d'unités aériennes américaines, britanniques <strong>et</strong><br />

françaises, est déployée <strong>de</strong>puis juill<strong>et</strong> 1991 pour protéger les populations du<br />

nord irakien contre les troupes <strong>de</strong> Bagdad.<br />

Les alliés ont également interdit à l'Irak <strong>de</strong> survoler les régions situées<br />

au nord du 36-ème parallèle, où se trouvent les principales villes du<br />

Kurdistan irakien.<br />

ls/jhd/sp<br />

AFP 291724 DEe 93<br />

Libération - 29 décembre 1993<br />

TURQUIE. Le mandat <strong>de</strong> la<br />

force <strong>de</strong> protection <strong>de</strong>s K~r<strong>de</strong>s<br />

d'Irak a été prolongé <strong>de</strong> six mois<br />

par le Parlement. Les forces aériennes<br />

alliées basées à Incirlik (sudouest<br />

du pays) ont pour mission <strong>de</strong><br />

surveiller la zone d'exclusion aérienne<br />

imposée aux appareils irakiens<br />

au nord du 36e parallèle.<br />

C'"l<br />

0\<br />

0\<br />

......<br />

KU~DISTAN<br />

IRAKIEN<br />

Protection alliée<br />

reconduite<br />

o Le Parlement turc a voté<br />

hier la' reconduction pour six<br />

mois <strong>de</strong> la présence en Turquie<br />

<strong>de</strong> la force multinationale<br />

<strong>de</strong> protection<strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>sd'Irak<br />

<strong>de</strong>puis la base turco-améri-.<br />

caine d'Incirlik, dans le cadre<br />

<strong>de</strong> la phase 2 <strong>de</strong> l'opération<br />

." Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort ". Le man-'<br />

dat <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>le force - américaine,<br />

française <strong>et</strong><br />

britanniqu.e - qui a pour mission<br />

<strong>de</strong> surveiller la zone d'ex-,<br />

clusion aérienne au nord du<br />

36. parallèle, <strong>de</strong>vait arrjver à<br />

échéancele 31 décembre.<br />

140


REvuE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RMSTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />

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FRA0207 4 I 0217 TUR IAFP-FK26<br />

Turquie-Kur<strong>de</strong>s-presse<br />

Arrestation <strong>de</strong> quatre collaborateurs du quotidien pro-kur<strong>de</strong> Ozgur Gun<strong>de</strong>m<br />

ANKARA, 29 déc (AFP) - La police turque a arrêté mardi soir quatr~<br />

co llaborat eUt"'sdlJ bUt"'eau d'Ankara du quot id ien pt"'o-kut"'<strong>de</strong>"Ozgl..lt"' Gun<strong>de</strong>m " (I ibt"'e<br />

ordre du jour), a-t-on appris mercredi auprès du quotidien.<br />

Il s'agit <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux journalistes <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux employés administr"'atifs, qui ont<br />

été placés en gar<strong>de</strong> à vue sans que l'on sache <strong>de</strong> quoi ils sont soupçonnés,<br />

selon le bureau du quotidien à Ankara.<br />

La police, qui a fOIJillé le bureau du jout"'nal, a saisi "pOUt"'examen" un<br />

calendrier 1994 qu'avait fait imprimer Ozgur Gun<strong>de</strong>m pour l'envoyer à ses<br />

clients, selon la même source.<br />

Les 10 <strong>et</strong> 14 décembre, la police, lot"'s<strong>de</strong> p<strong>et</strong>"'qlJisitions alJ siège dlJ<br />

quotidien à Istanbul, avait arrêté 108 personnes dont <strong>de</strong>ux sont toujours<br />

éct"'oIJées.<br />

La publication du quotidien avait été interrompue pour trois jours à<br />

partir du 10 décembre dans toute la Turquie où 28 autres journalistes <strong>et</strong><br />

collaborateurs du journal avaient été arrêtés lors <strong>de</strong> perquisitions similaires<br />

dans d'autres bureaux.<br />

Les enquêtes policières ont pOUt"'but <strong>de</strong> "pt"'ouv<strong>et</strong>"'l'existence d'un lien<br />

organique entre le journal <strong>et</strong> le Parti <strong>de</strong>s Travailleurs du Kurdistan (PKK,<br />

sépar"'atiste) ", avaient affit"'mé <strong>de</strong>s t"'esponsables du quotidien à l'AFP.<br />

ym/dch/mfo<br />

AFP 291539 DEC 93<br />

\. L P.- \~l'IIU'1I',IIIll'lil( "l- \.1. P.- \:l'IIU'I t .I11l(' Illl "('- \.1'Y - \~l'lIll'1I'.I11ll' Pil"l'- \. L I~ - \~l'Illl'Il.Illll' Ill'l"l' - \.1: P.<br />

FRAOl12 4 I 0300 IRK IAFP-ED15<br />

l t"'ak-KIJt"'d es<br />

Au moins 72 morts dans les combats inter-kur<strong>de</strong>s en Irak<br />

ERBIL (Irak), 29 déc (AFP) - Au moins 72 personnes ont été tuées dans les<br />

affrontements inter-kur<strong>de</strong>s qui se sont achevés lundi dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak<br />

sous contrôle kur<strong>de</strong>j selon un bilan provisoire <strong>de</strong> sources kur<strong>de</strong>s compilées par<br />

l'AFP mercredi à Erbil (nord).<br />

Quelque 250 personnes ont été blessées dans ces combats, <strong>de</strong>puis le 20<br />

décembre. Ils se sont terminés par la défaite <strong>de</strong> la Ligue islamique kur<strong>de</strong><br />

(KIL), une formation pro-iranienne, face à l'Union patriotique du Kurdistan<br />

(UPK) <strong>de</strong> Jalal Talabani.<br />

Ce bilan inclut les victimes <strong>de</strong>s combats à Souleimanieh <strong>et</strong> Et"'bil mais ne<br />

comprend pas la région <strong>de</strong> Rania (est), où <strong>de</strong>s affrontements ont également eu<br />

lieu mais d'où aucune information sur d'éventuels morts <strong>et</strong> blessés n'est<br />

encore parvenue.<br />

Le "Pr"'emi<strong>et</strong>"'ministr"'e" kUt"'<strong>de</strong>, Abdoullah "Kost"'at" Ressoul (UPK), a déclat"'é à<br />

l'AFP que l'UPK avait pris le contr"'ôle <strong>de</strong> toutes les bases <strong>de</strong> la KIL dans le<br />

Kurdistan irakien <strong>et</strong> qu'il n'y avait plus <strong>de</strong> possibilité que les combats<br />

t"'ept"'ennent.<br />

La plupart <strong>de</strong>s combattants <strong>de</strong> la KIL ont été désarmés par l'UPK, puis<br />

relâchés, a constaté la correspondante <strong>de</strong> l'AFP. La formation <strong>de</strong> M. Talabani a<br />

assuré avoir saisi une gran<strong>de</strong> quantité d'armes lour<strong>de</strong>s.<br />

Le "gouv<strong>et</strong>"'nement" k'Jt"'<strong>de</strong>,non t"'econnu int<strong>et</strong>"'nationalement, a été fot"'méen<br />

1992 par l'UPK <strong>de</strong> M. Talabani <strong>et</strong> le Parti démocratique du Kurdistan (PDK) <strong>de</strong><br />

Massoud Barzani, dans les r"'égions qui échappent <strong>de</strong>puis octobre 1991 au<br />

contrôle du régime du prési<strong>de</strong>nt Saddam Hussein.<br />

Le chef <strong>de</strong> la KIL, Mollah Osmane, se trouve pour sa part <strong>de</strong>puis mardi soir<br />

dans le quartier-~énéral du PDK <strong>de</strong> M. Barzani, a indiqué un dirigeant du PDK<br />

qui a r"'equis l'anonymat. "Il est notr"'ehôte <strong>et</strong> s<strong>et</strong>"'atr"'aité avec t"'espect",<br />

a-t-il dit.<br />

ls/lba/br"'<br />

AFP 291114 DEC 93<br />

141


REvuE DE PRESSE-PRESS lŒVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RMSTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASlN ÖZETi<br />

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FRA0078 4 l 0173 TUR IAFP-DP54<br />

T'Jt~quie-d iv<strong>et</strong>~s<br />

4 personnes blessées dans un attentat A la bombe revendiquée par le PKK<br />

ANKARA, 29 déc (AFP) - Quatre personnes ont été blessées dans un attentat<br />

A la bombe perpétré mardi soir A Ankara contre les locaux du parti<br />

gouvernemental <strong>de</strong> la Juste Voie (PJV, droite traditionnelle) <strong>et</strong> revendiqué par<br />

le mouvement séparatiste kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Turquie, a annoncé la police.<br />

Deux engins explosifs ont été j<strong>et</strong>és par une personne non idèntifiée en<br />

direction du bAtiment du PJV du Premier ministre, Mme Tansu Ciller, situé dans<br />

le centre-ville, faisant quatre blessés dont un membre <strong>de</strong> la sécurité, <strong>et</strong><br />

provoquant <strong>de</strong>s dégAts matériels, selon les mêmes sources.<br />

L'individu a ensuite mitraillé les locaux <strong>et</strong> pris la fuite avec une autre<br />

personne qui gu<strong>et</strong>tait les lieux au moment <strong>de</strong> l'attaque revendiquée ~ar le<br />

Parti séparatiste <strong>de</strong>s Travailleurs du Kurdistan (PKK) dans <strong>de</strong>s appels<br />

téléphoniques anonymes A plusieurs quotidiens.<br />

Il s'agissait d'engins explosifs A fragmentation <strong>de</strong> fabrication<br />

at~tisanale, selon la police.<br />

CEl jm/bt~<br />

AFP 290908 DEC 93<br />

\.FP.- \~l'IIL'l'll.lllllilt"l'- \.I.P. - bllll'll.lllll'llll'''l'- \.I.i> - \~l'l]ll'II,lllll'l'll'''l'- \.I.P. - \~lllll'i LllIll'I'll'''l' - \.IY<br />

FRA0270 4 l 0262 TUR IAFP-GF87<br />

Turquie-Kur<strong>de</strong>s lead<br />

Au moins 22 tués, dont 12 soldats, <strong>de</strong>puis mardi dans le sud-est anatolien<br />

ISTANBUL, 29 déc (AFP) - Au moins 22 personnes, dont 12 soldats, ont été<br />

tuées <strong>et</strong> une vingtaine <strong>de</strong> civils blessés <strong>de</strong>puis mardi dans le sud-est<br />

anatolien A majorité kur<strong>de</strong>, .selon un nouveau bilan rapporté par l'Agence<br />

Anatolie.<br />

Les 12 soldats ont été tués A Dargecit (près <strong>de</strong> Mardin) quand un camion<br />

les transportant a sauté mardi soir sur une mine placée par <strong>de</strong>s rebelles<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>s sur la route reliant Dargecit A Mardin, selon la même source.<br />

Neuf rebelles kur<strong>de</strong>s du parti <strong>de</strong>s Travailleurs du Kurdistan (PKK,<br />

séparatiste) ont été tués mercredi par <strong>de</strong>s forces <strong>de</strong> l'ordre effectuant <strong>de</strong>s<br />

opérations dans la région montagneuse <strong>de</strong> Hakkari (sud-est), a déclaré dans un<br />

communiqué la super-préfecture<br />

l'agence Anatolie.'<br />

d'état d'urgence A Diyarbakir, citée par<br />

Un autre rebelle kur<strong>de</strong> a été également tué A Baykan (sud-est, souspréfecture<br />

<strong>de</strong> Siirt),<br />

lutte contre le PKK.<br />

a-t-on indiqué à la super-préfecture, qui coordonne la<br />

16 autres personnes, dont plusieurs étudiants, ont été blessées mercredi<br />

par une bombe qui explosé dans la cantine <strong>de</strong> l'Université <strong>de</strong> Diele (sud-est,<br />

Diyarbakir). La responsabilité <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong> attentat a été attribuée au PKK.<br />

Le PKK a revendiqué l'explosion <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux grena<strong>de</strong>s dans les locaux du parti<br />

gouvernemental<br />

gt~ave.<br />

<strong>de</strong> la Juste Voie (PJV) A Ankara, faisant 4 bless~s dont un<br />

Au moins 204 personnes ont trouvé la mort dans <strong>de</strong>s inci<strong>de</strong>nts entre forces<br />

<strong>de</strong> l'ordre<br />

mois.<br />

<strong>et</strong> rebelles dans l'est <strong>et</strong> le sud est Anatoliens <strong>de</strong>puis le début du<br />

KG/mb/mfo<br />

AFP 291801 DEC 93<br />

142


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

turkish daily news - December 29, 1993<br />

Poised Hammer exten<strong>de</strong>d for six months<br />

Coalition governemnt gains slim majori~in Parliament after tough <strong>de</strong>bate with opposition parties<br />

ANKARA- Despite wi<strong>de</strong>splead objection from the<br />

opposition as well as from some <strong>de</strong>puties of the ruling<br />

parties, Poised Hammer's (currently dubbed Operation<br />

Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort) mandate was exten<strong>de</strong>d another six<br />

months by Parliament on Tuesday. During the voting,<br />

of the 358 <strong>de</strong>puties present, 196 voted for the extensIon,<br />

160 voted against and two abstained. The voting<br />

had been <strong>de</strong>layed for two hours by the opposition parties,<br />

whose strong objections caused a disruption in<br />

the general <strong>de</strong>bate. In a move to appease three True<br />

Path Party (DYP) <strong>de</strong>puties who had submitted an alternative<br />

draft on Poised Hammer, Prime Minister<br />

Tansu Çiller ad<strong>de</strong>d a new statement to her proposal,<br />

reaffirming "the importance Turkey attached to the<br />

territorial integrity of Iraq and the protection of human<br />

rights in northern Iraq."<br />

Despite Çiller's statement, JO DYP <strong>de</strong>puties as well<br />

as some opposition members, sup~rted DYP Istanbul<br />

Deputy Co~kun Klrca's draft, which called for only a<br />

three-month extension of Poised Hammer.<br />

On the other hand, the Republican People's Party<br />

(CHP) argued that the allied coalition force should leave<br />

its current position insi<strong>de</strong> Turkey.<br />

The Motherland Party (ANAP) proposed that the<br />

force's mandate be exten<strong>de</strong>d for only three months<br />

with monthly reports submitted to Parliament on the<br />

issue. "Extending the force for three months would be<br />

a serious warning to our allies and would show that<br />

Turkey is <strong>de</strong>termmed to hold the strings of the force,"<br />

ANAP Istanbul Deputy Engin Güner said in the <strong>de</strong>bate<br />

..~owever, the proposal was challenged by Foreign<br />

MIOIster Hikm<strong>et</strong> ç<strong>et</strong>m who claimed that information<br />

was provi<strong>de</strong>d to Parliament only when it was <strong>de</strong>emed<br />

necessary.<br />

Ç<strong>et</strong>in assured Parliament that the activities of the<br />

POised Hammer forces were "un<strong>de</strong>r the strict control<br />

of Turkey." "It is wrong to think that the global interest<br />

in northern Iraq would end if we drove OUIthe Pois~~<br />

~ammer forces," Ç<strong>et</strong>in said in reply to <strong>de</strong>pulies'<br />

"Neither will driving out the force solve Turkey's<br />

economic problems in southeast Anatolia;" he ad<strong>de</strong>d.<br />

Çelin stressed that Poised Hammer's mandate was in<br />

accordance with the chief of staff's directives.<br />

"There is a Turkish comman<strong>de</strong>r who has the same<br />

status as his American counterpart," he said. "Moreover,<br />

there is a Turkish officer that accompanies each<br />

fligh!."<br />

~nkara had required that a Turkish officer participate<br />

m each sortie from the Incirlik air base, where. the<br />

force i~stationed, after increased press reports that the<br />

operation was!roviding food and military aid to the<br />

PKK (outlawe Kurdi~tan W()rker~' Party).<br />

Ç~~in als~ repeated the government's<br />

traditIOnal hne that the absence of Poised<br />

Hammer forces could result in another<br />

Kurdish exodus from Iraq to Tur-<br />

~ey, as ha~ be~n the .case in April 1991.<br />

A ne~ mlgrat.lOn nught create chaos in<br />

the regIon. which would mean an increase<br />

in PKK power," Ç<strong>et</strong>in said.<br />

The foreign minister ad<strong>de</strong>d that ihe<br />

presence of the Poised Hammer forces<br />

ma<strong>de</strong> it easier for T,urkey to .carry out<br />

cross-bor<strong>de</strong>r operatIOns against PKK<br />

militants st


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />

on had examined a total of I, \00<br />

export files which pertained to 467<br />

companies, including the firms<br />

which belonged to DYP Trabzon<br />

Deputy Mehm<strong>et</strong> Ali Yllmaz, and<br />

that he and his colleagues had not<br />

:exerted any efforts either to clear or<br />

to <strong>de</strong>fame anybody. He <strong>de</strong>clared .<br />

. that they had tried to document all<br />

the information which they had obtained<br />

and that they had only inclu<strong>de</strong>d<br />

in their report claims for which<br />

documentation existed.<br />

Öztürk said, ."We have discovered<br />

that all the legislation which has<br />

encouraged fictitIous export had heen<br />

passed by Parliament during the<br />

preTIJ.ier.ship of late Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Turgut<br />

Ozal. In view of this fact, which<br />

emerged as our ex,!.mination went<br />

on, I even accused Ozal of treason.<br />

He later filed a lawsuit against ..me<br />

but I was acquitted in court. Ozal<br />

appealed agaInst the <strong>de</strong>cision but<br />

the High Court of Appeals had upheld<br />

the ruling of the lower court.<br />

That is to say, the COl!rtshad found<br />

my statement about Ozal, whom I<br />

had accused of treason, valid.".Pointing<br />

out that he had been left. on<br />

his own during his work and that a<br />

certain section of the DYP had even<br />

disturbed him ~s he was carryin~<br />

out his duties, Oztürk said, "I don t<br />

feel regr<strong>et</strong>, however I am worried<br />

about my political future, because I<br />

can read the signs."<br />

Noting that the<br />

which the commission<br />

information<br />

had requested<br />

from the relevant institutions or<br />

organizations contained discrepancies<br />

which stemmed from "<strong>de</strong>liberate<br />

and ill-intentioned" acts. However<br />

he stated that the members of<br />

the commission had taken information<br />

from the Central Bank into<br />

consi<strong>de</strong>ration during their investigation.<br />

He said they had also revealed<br />

the link b<strong>et</strong>ween terrorism and<br />

fictitious exports.<br />

"PKK engaged in<br />

fjctitious export"<br />

Oztürk said that the documents<br />

which they had obtained as they<br />

were probIng the fictitious export<br />

issue had revealed the existence of<br />

a direct link b<strong>et</strong>ween fictitious ex-<br />

. e0rts and the PKK. He continued,<br />

'The nephews of the Armenian Yanikyan,<br />

who had ma<strong>de</strong> a martyr of<br />

Turkey's consul general in Los Angeles<br />

In 1973, had sent fictitious export<br />

money to Turkey through a<br />

secr<strong>et</strong> account in Switzerland. In other<br />

words, the transactions had been<br />

carried out so as to make it look<br />

as if the money had been sent in r<strong>et</strong>urn<br />

for an item exported from Turkey.<br />

There were no exported goods<br />

however. Only the cash. This episo<strong>de</strong><br />

has been documented. Think<br />

about the connections involved in<br />

this matter of fictitious exports ... I<br />

hereby explicitly <strong>de</strong>clare that the<br />

documents have shown that it has<br />

been the PKK that has directed the<br />

fictitious exports in the Southeast.<br />

One of the lawyers who <strong>de</strong>fen<strong>de</strong>d<br />

the fictitious exporters now serves<br />

as a DEP <strong>de</strong>puty un<strong>de</strong>r the roof of<br />

Parliament. "<br />

Noting that in general, fictitious<br />

exports. took place through small<br />

customs checkpoints h\\vmg. "one<br />

director and one seal," Oztürk said<br />

b<strong>et</strong>ween many new customs posts<br />

of this kind had been opened b<strong>et</strong>ween<br />

1984 and1987. .<br />

.Öztürk said, "It is noteworthy that 70<br />

percent and even 80 percent of the top<br />

personnel employed at the customs offices<br />

are from three or four southeastern<br />

provinces. Most of them have been hired<br />

on the basis of l<strong>et</strong>ters of recommendation.<br />

The commission has also examined<br />

the files nertainin!! to these cases." In<br />

reply to a 4uestion as to how the money<br />

taken from the state through tïc.~itious<br />

exports had gone to the PKK. Oztürk.<br />

said, "The money reaches the PKK in.<br />

two ways.<br />

First of all. PKK members themselves<br />

have s<strong>et</strong> up firms engaged<br />

ous exports and have received<br />

in fictiti-<br />

their money<br />

abroad, mostly from banks with a<br />

single branch. Individuals' links with<br />

the PKK have been documented by the<br />

police. It was us who investigated these<br />

l'Ol1lf1:tnir~ :lI1d rli~('(1\'('r('dtl1:11 thl'\' \\'rre<br />

all imagina!)'. Often you find a graveyard<br />

or an empty field at the gi\:en<br />

address. Once there was even a pohce<br />

station .<br />

"The second m<strong>et</strong>hod used by the<br />

PKK to gain money through lïctltious<br />

exports is extortion. They discover fictitIOUSexporters<br />

and extort money from<br />

them, or they organize the business and<br />

take their cut. I can contïrm that if the<br />

PKK has two major sources of finance,<br />

one of them is drug trafficking and Ihe<br />

other is the state treasurv."<br />

TL 200 billion approved for<br />

starting work on Urfa Tunnels<br />

Turkish Daily News<br />

ANKARA- The Public Works and Housing<br />

Ministry has approved the first half of<br />

the TL 400 billion loan that the AkpInarfirm<br />

has <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>d from the Turkish Development<br />

Bank. The loan is for the construction<br />

of the Urfa Tunnels,<br />

the most critical component<br />

of the Southeast Anatolia Project<br />

(GAP).<br />

The construction of the tunnels had been<br />

halted for several months due to the financial<br />

crisis of the contracting firm Akpmar. The<br />

company had stopped work on the tunnels,<br />

claiming that skyrock<strong>et</strong>ing cement prices<br />

had created serious financial problems for<br />

the company.<br />

The firm then submitted a request for<br />

government assistance to resolve the matter,<br />

though the articles of the original<br />

mentIOned no such option.<br />

contract<br />

.<br />

Akpmar had applied to the Turkish Development<br />

Bank for a low-interest TL 400 billion<br />

loan to start the work. The Anatolia<br />

Kurdish party<br />

proposes truce in<br />

separatist fight<br />

Reuter<br />

AN KARA- Turkey's Kurdish-based Democracy<br />

Party (DEP) proposed on Tuesday<br />

a ceasefire b<strong>et</strong>ween Turkish government<br />

forces and Kurdish separatists until<br />

nationwi<strong>de</strong> local elections on March 27.<br />

"If a lasting .truce is not possible, then<br />

we invite the si<strong>de</strong>s to mutual ceasefire<br />

news agency reported that TL 200 billion of<br />

this amount had been approved and sent to<br />

the Public Participation Administration<br />

(KOl).<br />

The Public Works and Housina Minister,<br />

Onur Kumbaraclba~l, told Anatoiia that the<br />

loan, which will come from the KOl's financial<br />

resources. will be exten<strong>de</strong>d to the firm<br />

un<strong>de</strong>r the supervision of the State Hydraulic<br />

Works (DSl). Kumbaraclba~1 said that the<br />

ministry plans to compl<strong>et</strong>e the tunnels one<br />

year before the scheduled time, and that the .<br />

lITigation of the Harran valley will start next<br />

irrigation season. "If the company does not<br />

start work after it g<strong>et</strong>s the loan, the contract<br />

will be cancelled, and we will reopen public<br />

bidding for the project," said the minister.<br />

Akpmar executives had announced earlier<br />

that the cement prices over the past. few<br />

years have gone up significantly above the'<br />

rate of <strong>de</strong>preciatIOn of the Turkish lira<br />

against the dollar and this has put the company<br />

into serious financial jeopardy.<br />

from Jamiary I to March 30 during the<br />

election tim<strong>et</strong>able,"<br />

. said in a statement.<br />

DEP party council<br />

The separatist Kurdistan<br />

Workers Party (PKK) has said it may<br />

disrupt the elections in the mainly-Kurdish<br />

southeast and east. The PKK killed<br />

eight Turkish soldiers in two overnight attacks<br />

on a bor<strong>de</strong>r post in Siirt province<br />

and on military buildings in Idil township,<br />

the Anatolian news agency said. Another<br />

soldier and a civilian were shot <strong>de</strong>ad in<br />

Diyarbalar city by gunmen on Monday.<br />

About 10,500 people have been killed m<br />

Turkey since 1984 when the PKK<br />

launched a war for a separate Kurdish<br />

state.<br />

144


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE lA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />

Kurd militants threaten<br />

travellers to Turkey<br />

Turkish Dailv Nc"'s<br />

BONN- Militant Kurds' on Tuesday warned<br />

European tourists<br />

<strong>de</strong>ath in separatist<br />

to stay out of Turkey or risk<br />

attacks. Militants of the outlawed<br />

Kurdistan Worker Party (PKK) fi2:hting<br />

for secession from Turkey would launch a campaign<br />

against tourism in the spring. Kani Y tlmaz<br />

of the Kurdistan National Liberation Front<br />

(ERNK) told the Gennan magazine Stem.<br />

"I warn all Europeans: anybody<br />

to Turkey puts thw life at risk,'<br />

who travels<br />

Y tlmaz was<br />

quoted by Reuters as saying in an interview released<br />

before the weekly goes on sale on<br />

Wednesday.<br />

"Every German mark that a tourist spends in<br />

Turkey means the <strong>de</strong>ath of one person in Kurdistan.<br />

That is why the tourism industry is a serious<br />

targ<strong>et</strong> for us."<br />

Stern said the ERNK speaks on behalf of the<br />

PKK, whose bloody war has killed more than<br />

10.000 people since 1984.<br />

Germany banned the PKK and 35 affiliated<br />

groups last month, branding them a domestic security<br />

threat after a wave of Kurdish<br />

Turkish stores and offices in Europe.<br />

atta('ks on<br />

Turkey llnab?~to confirm<br />

reports that Ocalan killed<br />

The Associated<br />

Press<br />

ANKARA- The Turkish government said on<br />

Tuesday that it was checking out news repoljs that<br />

fugitive Kurdish guerrilla lea<strong>de</strong>r Abdullah OcaIan<br />

was killed but that it couldn't confinn them.<br />

Turkish papers ran stories that Öcalan, chainnan<br />

of the ille~~r Kurdistan Workers' party, or PKK,<br />

was either Killed or woun<strong>de</strong>d.<br />

"These reports that he was either killed or<br />

woun<strong>de</strong>d also reached us. But, it was not possible<br />

to confinn them," Nahit Mente~e, the intenor minister,<br />

told state television.<br />

The PKK is fighting a guerrilla war for self-mie<br />

in Turkey's Kurdish-dominated southeast.<br />

There was a similar stir two we~~s ago when a<br />

Turkish newspaper reported that Ocalan was arrested<br />

in Syria and he would be soon extradited to<br />

Turkey.<br />

Those reports were never confirmed. The 44-<br />

year-old guerrilIa lea<strong>de</strong>r has resi<strong>de</strong>d in Syria since<br />

1980. '<br />

Turkey has been pressi~~ Iran and Syria to cease<br />

logistic support to the PK!\..<br />

Aigreurs<br />

gréco-turques<br />

LE r.tour au pouvoir d••<br />

.oclan.t ••• Athèn•• n'a pa.<br />

aménoré I.. r.latlon. .ntr. la<br />

Grèc•• t la Turqul., ancrb.<br />

dan. un. Inlmltl6hl.torlqu.<br />

qui date d. l'Emplr. ottoman:<br />

I.. d.ux pay. .'accu •• nt<br />

mutu.lI.m.nt d. cré.r d••<br />

t.n.lon. dan. la région.<br />

Un. fol. d. plu., l'abei.<br />

chyprlot••• t' l'orlgln. d. c.t<br />

6chang. d'amabliith.<br />

Athèn•• , qui hllt désormal. du<br />

natlonaU.m. un mot d'ordre<br />

offlcl.I, vl.nt d. définir un.<br />

nouv.lI. doctrln. mllltair.<br />

IncluantChypr. dan•••• plan.<br />

d. dM.n••. Autant dir. qu'Anlcara,qui<br />

occup. mlIItalr.m.nt<br />

- <strong>et</strong> I1l6gal.m.nt- I. nord d.<br />

l'n. d.pul. 1974, ••t dlr.ct.-<br />

m.nt vi". C.rt•• , n n•• 'aglt<br />

que du nouv.1 épl.od. d'un<br />

long f.ulll.ton, .t Sul.yman<br />

O.mlr.l, I. pré.ld.nt turc, quJ<br />

r.prochalt c.tt. nouv.lltt dOj::-<br />

trine • la Grèc.. lundi 27<br />

déc.mbr., n'a pa. voulu dramati••<br />

r.<br />

MAIS I•• gouv.rnant. turc. -<br />

toujours •• n.lbl•• aux provo.<br />

cation. v.rbal.. d. I.ur voi.in<br />

- ont d•• rai.on. d'itr. n.rv.ux<br />

• l'approch. du pr.ml.r<br />

•• m•• tr. 1994, qui v.rra<br />

Athèn•• a••ur.r la pré.id.nc.<br />

d. l'Union .uropé.nn.: nul<br />

b•• oin d'Itre grand cl.rc pour<br />

prédire que la Grèc. n. f.ra<br />

ri.n, p.ndarrt c.. .ix mol.,<br />

pour r.ndr. la vi. facll. • la<br />

Turqui.. C.U.-ci .'.mploi.<br />

av.c opiniAtr.té è r•••• rr.r<br />

••• Ii.n. av.c un. communauté<br />

• laqu.n•• n. rive d'appart.nir<br />

un jour.<br />

.Alor. que I. -problèm. kur<strong>de</strong><br />

n'.n finitpa. d'.mpoi.onn.r la<br />

vi. politiqu. d. la Turqui•.<br />

c'•• t I. mom.nt qu'a choi.ll.<br />

bouillant mini.tr. gr.c d••<br />

affair.. .uropé.nn •• , Théodore<br />

Pangalo., pour .ncourag.r<br />

I.. Kurd.. • déf.ndr.<br />

I.ur. droits fac. au régime<br />

d'Ankara, accu.é d. «train.r<br />

••• bott••• nsanglanté••• ur<br />

I•• tapi•• uropé.n. »...<br />

Néanmol,n" .ur ce «front»<br />

kurd., la Turqui. vi.nt d. r.mport.r<br />

qu.lqu.. .uccè •.<br />

D'abord, av.c I•• m•• ur••<br />

pri•••• n Franc•• t .n AU•.<br />

magne contr. I••• ympathi.<br />

.ant. du Parti d•• travaill.ur.<br />

du Kurdi.tan (PKK); .n.uit.,<br />

parc. qu.. .i ••• voi.in.<br />

proch.-ori.ntaux ti.nn.nt<br />

I.ur. prom..... , il. d.vral.nt<br />

c•••• r d'apport.r I.ur .outl.n<br />

aux .éparati.t ••.<br />

MAIS voil' que d. Mo.cou<br />

arriv.nt ,d. nouv.aux<br />

fi .ignaux» propr.s • réactiv.r<br />

I. vi.ux compl.x. d'.nc.rcl •.<br />

m.nt d•• Turc.. lor. d. la<br />

même confér.nc. d. pr••••<br />

où il dénoncait l'attitu<strong>de</strong> d. la<br />

Grèc., M. O.mir.1 .'.st<br />

inquiété d. la monté•• n pui.-<br />

.anc. d. la «t.ndanc. Jirinovaki..<br />

Le dirig.ant ultra-nationali.t.,<br />

valnqu.ur d••<br />

é1.ctlon. du 12 déc.mbr •• n<br />

Rus.I•. a accu.é la Turqui. d.<br />

vi.é••• xpan.ionnlst•• dan. I.<br />

Cauca••• t .n A.I. c.ntral.,<br />

.n la traitant d' «.nn.mi hi.-<br />

toriqu•• d. la Ru•• I.. la Tur.<br />

qui. rl.qu., décidém.nt<br />

d'avoirI••• ntlm.nt dang.r.u~<br />

qu'.U. n. peut compt.r que<br />

sur .II.-mim •.<br />

145


REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RMSTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASINÖZETi<br />

Thursday,December 3n, 1993 turkish daily news<br />

Terrorist attacks continue:<br />

12 soldiers killed, 22 civilians woun<strong>de</strong>d<br />

Turkish Daily News<br />

ANKARA- At least 12 soldiers were killed and<br />

22 university stu<strong>de</strong>nts and employees injured in<br />

southeastern Turkey in two separate acts of terrorism,<br />

the Anatolian news agency reported on<br />

Wednesday.<br />

Twelve Turkish gendarmerie commandos were<br />

killedduring and after an attack on a military post<br />

by the outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK).<br />

Anatolia said five soldiers and seven terrorists<br />

were killed when the PKK attacked the gendar-<br />

. merie post in the village of Kllavuz in Mardin on<br />

Tuesday night.<br />

Seven soldiers died later when their vehicle<br />

struck a land mine apparently planted by the escaping<br />

terrorists. In another explosion, at a caf<strong>et</strong>eria<br />

in the Diele University complex in DiyarbaJar<br />

on Wednesday morning, 22 stu<strong>de</strong>nts and employees<br />

were woun<strong>de</strong>d.<br />

Anatolia said the two blasts were heard from<br />

insi<strong>de</strong> as employees and stu<strong>de</strong>nts entered the caf<strong>et</strong>eria<br />

for lunch. The condition of three of the<br />

woun<strong>de</strong>d was reported as critical and a fire<br />

caused damage in the building.<br />

No one claImed responsibility for the attack.<br />

. On Tuesday, two bombs explo<strong>de</strong>d at an Ankara<br />

office belongmg to Turkey's ruling True Path Party<br />

(DYP) wounding four people. An uni<strong>de</strong>ntified<br />

attacker woun<strong>de</strong>d a guard, two party officials and<br />

a doorman and caused material damage at the<br />

building in the resi<strong>de</strong>ntial district of Amttepe.<br />

No one claimed responsibility for this attack either,<br />

but the Marxist group Dev-Sol (Revolutionary<br />

Left) is known to have carried out similar attacks<br />

on security and political targ<strong>et</strong>s in big cities.<br />

Security officials believe the Dev-Sol and PKK<br />

are cooperating in urban activities.<br />

The attacks on Tuesday and Wednesday follow<br />

the proposal by the Kurdish-based Democracy<br />

Party (DEP) for a cease-fire b<strong>et</strong>ween government<br />

forces and the PKK in preparation for the local<br />

elections which are to be held in March.<br />

The DEP said the truce should go into effect by<br />

Jan. I and run until the end of March. The<strong>et</strong>ections<br />

are scheduled for March 27.<br />

A statement issued by the party ad<strong>de</strong>d that the<br />

DEP was consi<strong>de</strong>ring withdrawing from the election<br />

race if "it is to be held un<strong>de</strong>r the shadow of<br />

arms."<br />

But it also stated that the legality of any election<br />

without the participation of the DEP would<br />

be questioned. .<br />

There was no immediate reaction to the truce<br />

proposal from the government. The PKK had said<br />

earlier that it was possible for talks to begin with<br />

Ankara but only if its <strong>de</strong>mands were m<strong>et</strong>. In or<strong>de</strong>rs<br />

to his region~1 comman<strong>de</strong>rs last month, PKK<br />

lea<strong>de</strong>r Abdullah Ocalan had said his organization<br />

may consi<strong>de</strong>r a new cease-fire "for tactical reasons,"<br />

before launching its attacks for 1994.<br />

A previous cease-fire <strong>de</strong>clared unilaterally in<br />

March by the PKK broke down after about two<br />

months when the PKK said it had failed to draw<br />

the Turkish government into negotiations. Ankara<br />

argued that the terrorists had used this period to<br />

regroup and organize for a new wave of violence.<br />

25MPs from coalition parlies do<br />

not attend voting on Poised Hammer<br />

Nine SlIP <strong>de</strong>puties vote against the extension while two nyp <strong>de</strong>puties abstain<br />

TDN Parliament Bureau<br />

ANKARA- A total of 25 <strong>de</strong>puties of the ruling coalition<br />

parties, the True Path Party (DYP) and the SOCIal Democrat<br />

People's Party (SHP), did not attend the parliamentary<br />

voting for the extension of Operation Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort's<br />

mandate for another six months.<br />

Despite intensive objection from the opposition, Parliament<br />

exten<strong>de</strong>d Operation Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort's mandate, also<br />

. referred to as Poised Hammer, for another six<br />

months.<br />

Nin<strong>et</strong>een<strong>de</strong>puties from the senior coalition partner<br />

DYP and six <strong>de</strong>puties from the SHP did not particIpate in<br />

the voting while nineother SHP <strong>de</strong>puties voted against<br />

the extension.<br />

Also two DYP <strong>de</strong>puties -- Co~kun Klrca and Mustafa<br />

Tmaz Titiz -- abstained during the voting. Klrca and Titiz<br />

had earlier presented a motion for the extension of the<br />

Poised Hammer's mandate for only three months; their<br />

motion, however, was rejected then.<br />

The SHP <strong>de</strong>puties who voted against the extension<br />

are: Mümtaz Soysal,<br />

Abuzer Tannverdi,<br />

Nami çagan, CelaI<br />

Cemal<strong>et</strong>tin Gürbüz,<br />

Kürkoglu,<br />

Mehm<strong>et</strong><br />

Kerimoglu,<br />

Yerlikaya.<br />

Ercan Karaka~, Mustafa<br />

.<br />

Yllmaz and Sinan<br />

The majority of the 17 pro-Kurdish Democracy Party<br />

(DEP) <strong>de</strong>puties did not participate in the voting. Five of<br />

the DEP <strong>de</strong>puties who participated in the voting -- Hatip<br />

Diele, Zübeyir Aydar, Ali Yigit,. Remzi Kartal and Nizam<strong>et</strong>tin<br />

Toguç -- cast no votes against the extension. Seven<br />

in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong>puties were also among those who did<br />

not attend the parliamentary<br />

present during the voting,<br />

voting. Of the 358 <strong>de</strong>puties<br />

196 voted for the extension,<br />

160 voted against and two abstained. The extension will<br />

be effective as of Dec. 31.<br />

146


Democracy Party opposes changes in Election Law<br />

Claims amendments aim to create afraudulent electoral system<br />

Turkish Daily News<br />

ANKARA- Democracy Party (DEP) Chainnan<br />

Hatip Dicle claimed on Wednesday that the recent<br />

amendment to the Electoral Law aImed to create a<br />

fraudulent electoral system.<br />

At a press conference in Parliament, Dicle said<br />

he and his colleagues would not take political responsibility<br />

for an election where un<strong>de</strong>mocratic<br />

provisions of the Electoral Law would be applied.<br />

Dicle ad<strong>de</strong>d that if such election fraud continued<br />

to be supported, his party would reconsi<strong>de</strong>r<br />

participating m the elections.<br />

Asked if that meant his party would <strong>de</strong>cline<br />

from participating in the upcoming elections, Dicie<br />

said that the issue first had to be discussed<br />

within the party before any <strong>de</strong>cision could be given.<br />

Dicle said that the DEP wanted to be certain<br />

that the elections take place un<strong>de</strong>r free conditions.<br />

The DEP chairman criticized Presi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />

Süleyman Demirel, Chief of Staff Gen. Dagan<br />

Güre~ and presiding .Judge of the Constitutional<br />

Court Yekta Güngör Oz<strong>de</strong>n for adopting positions<br />

against his party.<br />

Dicle claimed that the lawsuits filed in an attempt<br />

to close down the DEP and the removal of<br />

dirlomatic immunity from some <strong>de</strong>puties, were<br />

al politically motivated.<br />

He further claimed that those cases violated<br />

both international accords to which Turkey was a<br />

signatory and Article 90 in the Constitution.<br />

Northern Iraq reported calm after Kurdish clashes<br />

'Iran and other cOlmtries in the region are)lOt happy with the Kurdish <strong>de</strong>mocratic, mlllti-party experiment. They fear the <strong>de</strong>mocratic system'<br />

By Alistair Lyon<br />

Reuters<br />

AN KARA- An Iraqi Kurdish spokesman<br />

said on Wednesday that calm had r<strong>et</strong>urned to<br />

northern Iraq after a week of fighting b<strong>et</strong>ween<br />

his faction and Islamic fundamentalists in<br />

which about 30 people were killed and up to<br />

150 woun<strong>de</strong>d.<br />

"The clashes have subsi<strong>de</strong>d. It is tinished,"<br />

Latj(Rashid, London-based spokesman of the<br />

Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK), led by<br />

lalal Talabani, told Reuters by telephone. A<br />

PUK 'statement on Tuesday said all the fundamentalists'<br />

bases had been captured and<br />

scor,es of its tighters arrested, but spoke of<br />

i~ated pock<strong>et</strong>s of resistance in remote locations.<br />

Rashid said about 30 people had been<br />

killed and 100 to 150 woun<strong>de</strong>d in battles<br />

which began on December 21. The two si<strong>de</strong>s<br />

used mortars, rock<strong>et</strong> launchers and heavy machine<br />

guns,<br />

He said the PUK had han<strong>de</strong>d Mullah Osman<br />

Abdul Aziz, the captured lea<strong>de</strong>r of the<br />

Islamic Movement of Kurdistan (lMK), to<br />

Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) lea<strong>de</strong>r<br />

Masoud Barzani. Barzani had repeatedly appealed<br />

for a cease tire and offered to mediate<br />

m the conflict which engulfed wi<strong>de</strong> areas of<br />

the north and spread to major cities such as Irbil<br />

and Sulaimaniya.<br />

A U.N. official in Baghdad also said that<br />

the violence had died down and aid distribution<br />

was back to nonnal. "Now the situation is<br />

qui<strong>et</strong>. We're doing our work normally," Mohammed<br />

Zejjari, the U.N. coordinator in Iraq,<br />

told Reuters. He said trucks carrying relief<br />

goods were moving as usual, but a U.N. omcial<br />

in Ankara said trucks were piling up at<br />

the Turkish bor<strong>de</strong>r after convoys were suspen<strong>de</strong>d<br />

late on Monday. Zejjari voiced concern<br />

on Tuesday for the saf<strong>et</strong>y of his 500 international<br />

staff in the area. They inclu<strong>de</strong> 287<br />

lightly armed y.N. guards who protect aid<br />

convoys and rehef workers.<br />

The violence, the latest in a series of clashes<br />

involving the Islamic Movement, was<br />

among the ~worst b<strong>et</strong>ween Iraqi Kurdish<br />

groups since they took control of a large<br />

swathe of northern Iraq after the 1991 Gulf<br />

War, backed by allied air power. Western<br />

warplanes based in Turkey still patrol northern<br />

skies to <strong>de</strong>ter the Baghdad government<br />

from attacking the Kurds. The KDP and PUK,<br />

the biggest guerrilla groups in the north,<br />

emerged as joint winners from parliamentary<br />

elections held in 1992 and fonn the backbone<br />

of a regional Kurdish government.<br />

They have generally put their past disputes<br />

behind them in an effort to buifd a credible<br />

Kurdish authority backed by an integrated<br />

force containing guerrillas from all factions.<br />

The Islamic Movement has refused to obey<br />

government rules or to merge its militia with<br />

the unified pe,~hmerga force. Friction with<br />

pro-government l'orees, particularly those loyal<br />

to the <strong>de</strong>terminedly secular PUK, has<br />

som<strong>et</strong>imes !lared into violence. The PUK<br />

statement said the Kurdish lea<strong>de</strong>rship was discussing<br />

arranoements to assess how "the resurgence<br />

of the threat from militant fundamentalism<br />

could be avoi<strong>de</strong>d in the future".<br />

Rashid blamed Iran fo'r ir.citing the IMK to<br />

<strong>de</strong>fy the fragile Kurdish government and lin<strong>de</strong>nnine<br />

its authority.<br />

"The Islamic Movement was encouraged by<br />

Iranian ~roups, by the Iranian government,"<br />

he said. Iran and other countries in the region<br />

are not happy with the Kurdish <strong>de</strong>mocratic,<br />

multi-party experiment. They fear the <strong>de</strong>mocratic<br />

system. He said Iran had mobilized<br />

forces on the bor<strong>de</strong>r during the past week's<br />

fighting and had shelled villages in the Qala<br />

Dlzeh and Raniya areas. This could not be in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>ntly<br />

contirmed. Rashid said the IMK<br />

was welcome to operate like any other political<br />

party in the north within the parliamentary<br />

system.<br />

"They got only four percent of the vote in<br />

the elections, but they want to impose their<br />

will on the other 96 percent. They want a<br />

government according to sharia (Islamic<br />

law)." "We are not agamst Islam. We are all<br />

Moslem. But we think people should have the<br />

freedom to choose," he ad<strong>de</strong>d. "We want to<br />

change from u militia soci<strong>et</strong>y to one ruled by<br />

law and or<strong>de</strong>r."<br />

147


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

Ankara prepares to <strong>de</strong>epen ties with Baghdad<br />

Turkish official says high-level Iraqi <strong>de</strong>legation due to arrive after new year<br />

Turkish Daily News<br />

ANKARA- The highest level official Iraqi<br />

dcJegation to visit Turkey since the Gulf War<br />

is expecled to arrive in Ankara after the new<br />

year for technicaltalks, a senior Turkish oflicial<br />

said on Wednesday.<br />

Foreign Ministry spokesman Ferhat Ataman<br />

said the exact date of the visit, and the names<br />

of Ihe Iraqi officials to come to Ankara, had<br />

not y<strong>et</strong> been sel, but notedthat contacts on the'<br />

~ssue b<strong>et</strong>ween the Iwo countries was continu-<br />

I~.<br />

'<br />

, Foreign Minister<br />

firmed Ihe reports<br />

Hikm<strong>et</strong> Celin earlier con-<br />

and said Ihc Iraqi si<strong>de</strong> had<br />

for some lime been wanting to hold talks, and '<br />

that a reply had been sent in favour of strengthening<br />

contacts. Yel he played down<br />

portance of the upcominJ; meelings.<br />

the im-<br />

"There is not a very Important situation al<br />

hand. We will simply evaluale the issue oflhe<br />

pelroleum pipeline," he said, wilhout elaborating<br />

further.<br />

'<br />

In his weekly me<strong>et</strong>ing with journalists Ataman<br />

said that the lalks would be a continuation<br />

of the technical contacls belwe.:n Ihe two co-<br />

, unlries. He also ad<strong>de</strong>d thaI Turkey was conlinuing<br />

ils <strong>de</strong>liberalions<br />

on this issue. Foreign<br />

wilh the United States<br />

Mini\trv sourn" ,aid the<br />

lalks would beheld allhe level of minislry un<strong>de</strong>rsecrelaries,<br />

and thallhe focal point would<br />

Le Mon<strong>de</strong> - 30 décembre 1993<br />

'<br />

be Turkey's access to oil fromthe'Kirkuk-Yumurtallk<br />

pipeline. which has been c10sell down<br />

since the war. During her recentvisit 10 the<br />

Uniled States, Turkish Prime Minister Tansu<br />

Çiller had reportedly tried to convince American<br />

officials that owing to her Gulf War losses,<br />

Turkey should be allowed to obtain oil from<br />

th~ipeline. '<br />

<strong>et</strong>m hall said last September that Turkev<br />

ha losl $600 million because of the closure (lf<br />

Ihe Iraqi-Turkish pipeline. It was shut down as<br />

part of the U.N. embargo on Iraq in August<br />

1990, after the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.<br />

~e 98~km long twin oil pipeline connecting<br />

the rich Kirkuk fields to the Turkish Mediterranean<br />

pOl1 of Ceyhan has a pumping capacity of<br />

, 1.5 million barrels per day. Smce it was shut<br />

down, Turkey has not bccn able to obtain any<br />

oil or income fromthis source.<br />

According to Turkey's anibassador to the<br />

United States, Nüzh<strong>et</strong> Kan<strong>de</strong>mir, Turkey's losses<br />

due 10 the U.N. embargo have tOlalled $20<br />

billion in four years.<br />

After a me<strong>et</strong>ing b<strong>et</strong>ween Çiller and Presi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />

,Bill Clinton last October, Clinton said<br />

Turkish and U.S. experts would seek<br />

ways of alleviating Turkey's losses without<br />

involving<br />

ment transfers.<br />

go\'ernment-to-govern-<br />

According to a government official,<br />

.Baghdad and Ankara <strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong>d on Ihe<br />

upcoming \'isit after Iraqi Prime Minis-<br />

-ter Ahmed Hussein Hudayir sent a message<br />

to Çiller calling for Turkish cooperatl0n,<br />

Sources said that. d'uring the talks,<br />

Turkey was preparing to raise the issue<br />

of gelling a ,,0 percent share of the p<strong>et</strong>roleum<br />

in the Kirkuk- Yumurtalik pIpeline,<br />

and believed Iraqi officials would<br />

cooperate on this issue.<br />

But both si<strong>de</strong>s would then have to take<br />

the <strong>de</strong>mand to the United Nations<br />

for approval.<br />

Another issue which Turkey is reportedly<br />

preparing to raise at the me<strong>et</strong>ing<br />

is the threat ol a possible Kurdish state<br />

coming into being in northern Iraq. Officials<br />

said Ankara was uncomfortable<br />

with the authority vacuum in the region<br />

a.nd :-vo~]d repeat its support for the terntonal<br />

IIltegnty of Iraq. The Associated<br />

Press quoted a Turkish official as sa-<br />

.ying that Turkey would also recom-<br />

,mend that Iraq open a dialogue with the<br />

Kurds and comply with U.N. Gulf war<br />

:resolutions, and thus bring an end to the<br />

'international economic embargo on their<br />

country. Turkey has been trying to<br />

persua<strong>de</strong> the United Nations to allow it<br />

to receive Iraqi oil imports.<br />

IRAK'<br />

Des affrontements entre Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

ont. fait <strong>de</strong>s dizaines <strong>de</strong> morts<br />

LIBÉRATION - 30 décembre 1993<br />

Lç Parlement turc a voté,<br />

mardi 28 septembre, la reconduction<br />

pour six mois <strong>de</strong> la présence<br />

en Turquie <strong>de</strong> l~ force multinationale<br />

<strong>de</strong> protection <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

Irakiens, alors que <strong>de</strong>s affrontements<br />

entre Kur<strong>de</strong>s ont fait <strong>de</strong>s<br />

dizaines <strong>de</strong> morts <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> blessés<br />

dans le nord, <strong>de</strong> l'Irak.<br />

Ces affrontements ont opposé<br />

l'Union patriotique du Kurdistan<br />

,(UPK, <strong>de</strong> Jalal Talaba'ni) - qui<br />

'forme, avec le Parti démocratique<br />

du Kurdistan (PDK, <strong>de</strong> Massoud<br />

Barzani), le « gouverne-<br />

.ment» kur<strong>de</strong> - à la Ligue<br />

.'isiàmique kur<strong>de</strong> (UK), une formation<br />

pro-iranienne. Selon <strong>de</strong>s<br />

s()urçes kur<strong>de</strong>s, ces combats ont<br />

fait, dimanche 26 <strong>et</strong> lundi<br />

27 décembre, au moins 31 tués <strong>et</strong><br />

134 blessés dans la seule ville <strong>de</strong><br />

Souleimanyé. Vingt-<strong>de</strong>ux per-<br />

sonnes avaient été tuées la<br />

semaine <strong>de</strong>rnière.<br />

En visite en Syrie, M. Talabani<br />

a affirmé, mardi, que les combats<br />

avaient cessé <strong>et</strong> que la UK avait:<br />

déposé les armes. Toutefois, le<br />

même jour,' l'UPK a fait état,'<br />

dans un communiqué, <strong>de</strong> l'exis-.<br />

tence «<strong>de</strong> quelques poches isolées<br />

<strong>de</strong> résistance <strong>de</strong> la part <strong>de</strong> fugitifs<br />

<strong>de</strong> la LlK. dans certaines régions<br />

.éloignées )), bien que le r<strong>et</strong>our à<br />

la normale ait commencé partout<br />

ailleurs dans le Kurdistan,<br />

notamment à Erbil <strong>et</strong> à Souleimanyé,<br />

théâtre <strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>rniers<br />

affrontements. « Les bases <strong>et</strong><br />

quartiers généraux <strong>de</strong> la UK ont<br />

été neutralisés <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s dizaines <strong>de</strong><br />

ses miliciens arr~tés», ajoute le<br />

communiqué. -: (AFf.)<br />

IRAK. Les combats interkur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

Ont fait au moins 72 morts <strong>et</strong><br />

250 blessés dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak<br />

sous contrôle kur<strong>de</strong>. Les affrontements<br />

avaient débuté le 20 décembre.<br />

. ns.se sont achevés lundi par la défaite<br />

,<strong>de</strong> fa Ligue islamique kur<strong>de</strong> (pnriranienne)<br />

face à l'Union patriotique du<br />

'Kurdistan <strong>de</strong> JaIaI TaIabani.<br />

148


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS IŒVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA<br />

STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

24 Heures - 30 décembre 1993<br />

Les Kur<strong>de</strong>s se battent maintenant<br />

sur <strong>de</strong>ux fronts distincts<br />

Au moins 12 soldats ont été tués ~<br />

une vingtaine <strong>de</strong> civils blessés lors<br />

d'inci<strong>de</strong>nts <strong>de</strong>puis mardi dans le sud-est<br />

anatolien, rapportait hier l'agence turque<br />

anatolie. Les 12 soldats ont été tués à Dargecit<br />

lorsqu'un camion les transportant a<br />

sauté mardi soir sur une mine placée par<br />

<strong>de</strong>s rebelles kur<strong>de</strong>s sur la route reliant<br />

Dargecit à Mardin.<br />

Seize autres personnes, dont plusieurs<br />

étudiants, ont été blessés mercredi par<br />

l'explosion d'une bombe dans la cantine<br />

<strong>de</strong> l'université <strong>de</strong> Diele. La responsabilité<br />

<strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te explosion a été également attribuée<br />

aux rebelles du PKK. Celui-ci a par<br />

ailleurs revendiqué l'explosion <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux<br />

grena<strong>de</strong>s aux locaux du parti gouvernemental<br />

<strong>de</strong> la Juste Voie (PJV), à Ankara,<br />

qui a fait quatre blessés dont un grave.<br />

Quelque 200 personnes ont trouvé la<br />

mort dans <strong>de</strong>s inci<strong>de</strong>nts entre forces <strong>de</strong><br />

l'ordre <strong>et</strong> rebelles dans l'est <strong>et</strong> le sud-est<br />

anatoliens à majorité kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>puis le début<br />

du mois.<br />

D'autre part, au moins 72 personnes<br />

ont été tuées <strong>et</strong> quelque 250 autres blessées<br />

dans <strong>de</strong>s affrontements interkur<strong>de</strong>s<br />

qui ~ sont déroulés entre les 20 au 27 décembre,<br />

à Souleimanieh <strong>et</strong> Erbil, dans le<br />

nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak sous contrôle kur<strong>de</strong>, selon<br />

un bilan provisoire <strong>de</strong> sources kur<strong>de</strong>s.<br />

Les combats se sont terminés par la défaite<br />

<strong>de</strong> la Ligue islamique kur<strong>de</strong> (KIL),<br />

une formation pro-iranienne, contre<br />

l'Union patriotique du Kurdistan (UPK)<br />

<strong>de</strong> Jalal Talabani. Des affrontements ont<br />

également eu lieu dans la région <strong>de</strong> Rania<br />

(est). Le «premier ministre» kur<strong>de</strong>,<br />

Abdoullah «Kosrat» Ressoul (UPK), a déclaré<br />

que l'UPK avait pris le contrôle <strong>de</strong><br />

toutes les bases <strong>de</strong> la KIL dans le Kurdistan<br />

irakien <strong>et</strong> qu'il n'y avait plus <strong>de</strong><br />

possibilités que les combats reprennent.<br />

(cAttristés»,<br />

Le gouvernement kur<strong>de</strong>, non reconnu<br />

intemationalement, a été formé en 1992<br />

par l'UPK <strong>et</strong> le Parti démocratique du<br />

Kurdistan (PDK) <strong>de</strong> Massoud Barzani,<br />

dans les régions qui échappent <strong>de</strong>puis octobre<br />

1991 au contrôle du régime du prési<strong>de</strong>nt<br />

Saddam Hussein. «Nous sommes<br />

attristés <strong>de</strong> ces combats. Nous aurions<br />

préféré résoudre le problème d'une autre<br />

manière, mais la KIL ne nous a pas<br />

donné le choix. Nous <strong>de</strong>vions réagir», a<br />

affirmé Ressoul.<br />

Selon ce gouvernement kur<strong>de</strong>, la UK<br />

pourra poursuivre ses activités politiques<br />

mais ne pourra plus utiliser les mosquées<br />

à <strong>de</strong>s fins <strong>de</strong> propagan<strong>de</strong> après avoir été<br />

accusée d'exécuter un plan iranien pour<br />

déstabiliser la région. - (afp)<br />

L'Agriculteur NorDland - 30 décembre 1993<br />

Agriculteurs du Kurdistan<br />

((Ils ont besoin d'ai<strong>de</strong> !))<br />

Serge Méhoudin, qui s'occupe<br />

<strong>de</strong> l'Association d'ai<strong>de</strong> aux agriculteurs<br />

du Kurdistan (Irak), lance un véritable cri<br />

d'alarme, «ils n'ont plus rien <strong>et</strong> ils ont réellement<br />

besoin d'ai<strong>de</strong>».<br />

_ Brimés par le gouvernement<br />

irakien, coincés entre la récente<br />

guerre du golfe <strong>et</strong> leur propre<br />

lutte pour leur indépendance,<br />

les Kurdistanais ont <strong>de</strong> quoi désespérer.<br />

« 3400 villages ont été détmits<br />

par la guerre. L'agriculture, élément<br />

vital <strong>de</strong> la vie kurdistanaise, a été<br />

complètement détmite ,). Bref, Serge<br />

Méhoudin <strong>et</strong> son équipe ont du<br />

pain sur la planche.<br />

DEUX PROJETS REALISES<br />

l'action effectuée par l'association<br />

basée à Hambye (Manche) a<br />

conduit à la réalisation <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux<br />

proj<strong>et</strong>s. « La construction dime pépinière<br />

à Dohuk, grâce aux donß, notamment<br />

<strong>de</strong> 70 000 jeunes plahts <strong>de</strong><br />

pommiers, pêchers, poiriers, puis la<br />

distn.bution <strong>de</strong> 45 kilos <strong>de</strong> semences<br />

(choux, carottes, aubergines, poivrons<br />

<strong>et</strong>c.. .) Semences gracieusement offertes<br />

par <strong>de</strong>s sociétés productrices di'<br />

graines. Enfin pour 1993, nou~<br />

avons un troisiéme proj<strong>et</strong>, celui <strong>de</strong> la<br />

reconstruction d'un village, en l'occurrence<br />

Paraki~. C'est pourquoi<br />

Serge Méhoudin <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> pour<br />

ces agriculteurs <strong>de</strong>s graines <strong>et</strong> jeunes<br />

plants d'arbres fruitiers, <strong>de</strong>s<br />

'semences <strong>de</strong> légumes mais aussi<br />

<strong>de</strong> riz, d'orge <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> luzerne, <strong>de</strong>s<br />

engrais simples <strong>et</strong> composés, <strong>de</strong>s<br />

produits phytosanitaires, <strong>de</strong>s produits<br />

\'étérinaires (médicaments.<br />

\'.àccins, instruments d'inséminat:on<br />

<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> soins) du matériel pour<br />

~mcentre d'apiculture <strong>et</strong> un centre<br />

d'aviculture. Par ailleurs, l\miversité<br />

<strong>de</strong> Soulaimaniyah recherche<br />

pour sa station expérimentale<br />

<strong>de</strong>ux stations <strong>de</strong> pompage, <strong>de</strong>s<br />

tracteurs, <strong>de</strong>s charrues, <strong>de</strong>s pulvérisateurs<br />

<strong>et</strong>c, même usagés, Un<br />

<strong>de</strong>rnier mot, pour bien cerner l'im- .<br />

portance <strong>de</strong> l'ai<strong>de</strong> qui sera apportée,<br />

l'agriculture dans cene partie<br />

du mon<strong>de</strong> est indissociable <strong>de</strong> la<br />

culture kurdistanaise, c'est en eff<strong>et</strong><br />

dans c<strong>et</strong>te région que l'on a r<strong>et</strong>rouvé<br />

les premières traces <strong>de</strong><br />

plantations bien avant que le sol<br />

européen ne soit cultivé.<br />

E.e.<br />

Pour tous renseignements<br />

<strong>et</strong> dons: Association d'ai<strong>de</strong><br />

aux agriculteurs du Kurdistan<br />

d'Irak, lila Martinière",<br />

50450 Hambye. Téléphone:<br />

33.50.74.27. ou 33.90.42.07.<br />

Fax: 33 51 9310<br />

149


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

MAGAZINE<br />

LE COURRIER • .JE. 30/VE. 31 DËe/SA. ter/DI. 2 .JANVIER 1994<br />

CINÉMA<br />

La salle du Scala fait (re)découvrir<br />

le premier rIlm kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> l'histoire<br />

AIQ.rs que le peuple kur<strong>de</strong> affronte une nouvelle offensive, le Scala propose ((Mem <strong>et</strong> ZÎmJ<br />

d'Umit Elcit, une œuvre qui a déjà été proj<strong>et</strong>ée lors du Festival <strong>de</strong>s films du Sud.<br />

Le film d'Ümit Elcit raconte<br />

une légen<strong>de</strong> ancestrale du peuple<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>. Mais à travers le<br />

martyre <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux amants, il'<br />

évoque en réalité la tragique<br />

histoire <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te population persécutée.<br />

La nuit du Nouvel-An kur<strong>de</strong>, le<br />

Novro (le 21 mars), un vieil homme<br />

conte à un auditoire attentif l'histoire<br />

<strong>de</strong> Mem <strong>et</strong> Zîn, une légen<strong>de</strong> transmise<br />

oralement <strong>de</strong> génération en génération<br />

<strong>de</strong>puis la nuit <strong>de</strong>s temps. En 1695, le<br />

grand poète Ehmedê Xani la rédigera<br />

pour la première fois en langue kur<strong>de</strong>.<br />

Deux frères, doux <strong>et</strong> braves, rencontrent,<br />

un soir <strong>de</strong> N ovro, <strong>de</strong>ux sœurs<br />

belles <strong>et</strong> fragiles comme <strong>de</strong>s perles <strong>de</strong><br />

rosée. Dès que leurs, regards se croisent,<br />

leurs cœurs s'unissent à jamais.<br />

Tandis que les aînés peuvent se marier,<br />

les ca<strong>de</strong>ts, Mem <strong>et</strong> Zin, voient<br />

leur union sans cesse repoussée. Mais<br />

plus fort que les machinations <strong>de</strong>s intrigants,<br />

leur amour blessé les portera<br />

fU.sq4'à la tombe.<br />

UNE ŒUVRE SYMBOLE<br />

Derrière la tragédie <strong>de</strong> ces <strong>de</strong>ux<br />

amants, comparable à celle <strong>de</strong> «Roméo<br />

<strong>et</strong> Juli<strong>et</strong>te» ou <strong>de</strong> «Tristan' <strong>et</strong><br />

Iseult», se cache l'histoire du peuple<br />

kur<strong>de</strong>. Représenté pàr Mem - celui-ci<br />

est coupé <strong>de</strong> la patrie qu'il chéritincarnée<br />

par Zîn, <strong>de</strong>puis l'aube <strong>de</strong>s siècles.<br />

Dans ce film, les personnages ne<br />

se limitent pas à dé simples rôles. Ils<br />

prennent <strong>de</strong>s valeurs symboles qui se<br />

traduisent par leurs attitu<strong>de</strong>s, leurs<br />

gestes. De fil en aiguille, la narration<br />

'présente ainsi les traditions kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>et</strong><br />

explique le comment <strong>et</strong> le pourquoi du<br />

pourrissement <strong>de</strong> la situation. L'obéissance<br />

absur<strong>de</strong> <strong>et</strong> obstinée à <strong>de</strong>s règles<br />

'ancestrales contraint les personnages à<br />

subir <strong>de</strong>s événements dictés par une<br />

implacable logique.<br />

Par son traitement, «Mem <strong>et</strong> Zîn»<br />

fait penser aux grands mélodrames du<br />

cinéma indien, eux-mêmes calqués<br />

sur lé modèle <strong>de</strong> la tragédie classique.<br />

Gros plans sur <strong>de</strong>s regards chargés<br />

d'émotions contenues, jeu <strong>de</strong>sèomêdiens<br />

qui touche à la pantomime <strong>et</strong>.<br />

usage systématique du symb6iismc.<br />

Mais qu'importe si les ficelle!>sont<br />

plus grosses qu'une cor<strong>de</strong> à saUter,<br />

elles sont en tout cas soli<strong>de</strong>s. Et on se<br />

prend aujeu, avant d'être foudroyé par<br />

l'ampleur <strong>de</strong> la tragédie. Tout est beau<br />

dans ce' fibn, à commencer par les<br />

magnifiqU~:paysages <strong>et</strong> la musique.<br />

,,'<br />

ADG<br />

Entr<strong>et</strong>ien<br />

Ümit Elcit a officiellement dû tourner<br />

«Mem <strong>et</strong> Zîn»en langue turque. Puis,<br />

il a synchronisé 1e son en kur<strong>de</strong>.<br />

Pourquoi ce film?<br />

- C<strong>et</strong>te vieille légen<strong>de</strong> m'a permis <strong>de</strong><br />

présenter la beauté <strong>de</strong> la culture kur<strong>de</strong>.<br />

Bien peu <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s ~avent qu'ils ont<br />

. ".<br />

. ". :;'~".... .<br />

(~Mem<strong>et</strong> Zî.;)) est une légen<strong>de</strong> ancestrale qui 'traduit aussi l'actuelle situation du peuple kur<strong>de</strong>.<br />

150


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVlEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

un passé aussi doré. Je voulais leur<br />

montrer qu'ils pouvaient ètre fiers <strong>de</strong><br />

leur I<strong>de</strong>ntité.<br />

Etes-vous vous-même Kur<strong>de</strong>?<br />

_ Je n'aime pas tellement c<strong>et</strong>te questiqn,<br />

car je suis Turc avant tout <strong>et</strong> je<br />

m'i<strong>de</strong>ntifie totalement à ce pays. Par le<br />

passé, le problème <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s ne se<br />

posait pas avec la mème acuité. Nous<br />

étions tous embarqués sur le mème<br />

navire. Mes grands-parents sont originaires<br />

d'Anatolie orientale, <strong>et</strong> j'ai sûrement<br />

du sang kur<strong>de</strong> dans mes veines.<br />

Peut-on considérer «Mem <strong>et</strong> Zîn»<br />

comme la première étape d'un travail?<br />

- Oui, mais ce n'est pas simple. Car il<br />

faut affronter non seulement la censure<br />

gouvernementale, mais aussi celle,<br />

encore plus dangereuse peut-être,<br />

<strong>de</strong>s extrémistes. J'ai déjà recu <strong>de</strong>s menaces<br />

voilées. Certains trouvent en.eff<strong>et</strong><br />

que je ne suis pas allé assez loin<br />

avec «Mem <strong>et</strong> Zîn». Moi,je ne suis pas<br />

un anarchiste, je ne suis pas agressif.<br />

Toutefois, je considère que ce film<br />

'n'est qu'une première étape pour présenter<br />

le Kurdistan. Je ne pouvais <strong>et</strong> ne<br />

voulais pas lui donner une teneur politique<br />

plus prononcée.<br />

Quels sont les problèmes que rencontrent<br />

les cinéastes turcs?<br />

- Le problème numéro un, c'est l'argent.<br />

Le cinéma américain colonise<br />

totalement les salles du pays. Les films<br />

que nous faisons ne sont vus que par<br />

très peu <strong>de</strong> personnes. Et pas la peine<br />

<strong>de</strong> penser à l'exportation ... En Turquie,<br />

l'argent que vous injectez dans<br />

un film ne vous procure rien en r<strong>et</strong>our.<br />

En le réalisant, nous faisons <strong>de</strong> la résistance.<br />

Propos recueillis par<br />

ALFIO DI GUARDO<br />

turkish daily news - December 31, 1993<br />

PM Çiller in DiyarbakIr today for New Year<br />

Turkish Daily News Ankara's argument that Turkey had man}: measures have been taken both lery fire, and the issue turned into a<br />

ANKARA- Prime Minister Tansu control everywhere in its territories. for (,:iIIer's protection and to restore major <strong>de</strong>bate. Officials accepted after-<br />

Çiller is travelling to the Southeastern Ministerial s~urces ~old the.TDN that the city, at least the' areas where the wards that at least TL 5 billion had to<br />

provincial capital of Diyarabir today th~y ha~ ~olced thIS r.ea~tlOn to the prime minister will be visiting. Lice be allocated for the reconstruction of<br />

to spend New Year's Eve with securi- pnme mInIster but she insIsted on go- was subject to fierce gun and heavy Lice.<br />

ty personnel fighting separatist terror- Ing to the ~outheast. . . artillery fire on Oct. 22 after an 'al- This week security forces in the<br />

ism in the region and boost local mo-, ," AccordIng to one offICIaI, who leged attack on local security forces town spee<strong>de</strong>d up their efforts to fill in<br />

raie. asked not to be named: "If Turkey by militants of the outlawed Kurdi- holes opened by machine gun fire and<br />

Çiller, un<strong>de</strong>r heavy protection, will does have control ------------ stan Workers' Party lift the <strong>de</strong>bris of unrepairable. homes.<br />

also attend the drawing for the nation- ,everywhere, why (PKK). Locals have Meanwhile, it was reported that cans<br />

al lottery and New Year's Eve cele- does she make claimed since that of paint have been dIstributed to the<br />

brations'. Following this, she is to s~ch a show? It -----. - -------- there had been no local population so they could work<br />

travelto the town of Lice which, on gIves a wrong message and a mlstak- clash and security forces opened fire on the reconstruction project them-<br />

Oct. 22, 1993, was puI'led to the en image." Another problem which on the town at random, Not a single selves. Reports have reached Ankara '<br />

l'round after security forces opened. surfaced before the visit ~as the fact official building but the municipality that certain districts of the town which<br />

fire on it. Sources said the program 'that some ~ell-known singers and was hit during the inci<strong>de</strong>nts which re- the prime minister has refused la visit<br />

encountered serious problems from groups publicly refused. to travel to portedly claimed 30 lives. But 70 per- :for the past two months are being fulthe<br />

very beginning. They said even the regIOn (or celebratIOns on the cent of the town's population migrated ly repaired. These districts are said to<br />

the senior ministers of Çiller's govern- grounds that It was dangerous and the to nearby DiyarbakIr in fear. be ones which Çiller will be visiting.<br />

ment were against what they bran<strong>de</strong>d pay was low. . . . Many districts of the s<strong>et</strong>tlement Even soldiers are said to be working<br />

as her "window-show," emphasizing As for the LIce leg of her VISit, were compl<strong>et</strong>ely <strong>de</strong>stroyed with artil- on the construction project.<br />

DEP Deputy Aydar claims troops kill two villagers<br />

Turki,\/J D.lily NeIVs<br />

ANKARA- A Kurdish-origin member of the<br />

.Turkish Parliament claimed this week that two<br />

villagers had recently been killed by government<br />

troops in the Southeast. Pro-Kurdish Democracy<br />

Party (DEP) Siirt Deputy Zübeyir Aydar claimed<br />

that both vi<strong>et</strong>ims were villagers and <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>d an<br />

explanation from the Interior Ministry on why and<br />

how they had been killed,<br />

In a written motion to Parliament, Aydar relayed<br />

the cases of villagers Emin Kaya and Ce vat<br />

Tok<strong>de</strong>mir.<br />

Tok<strong>de</strong>mir was allegedly executed by a special<br />

crack team in front of his children while Kaya's<br />

body was found in a river with his stomach split<br />

open and filled with stones -- following his <strong>de</strong>tention.<br />

Aydar said that gendarme soldiers from the<br />

Güçlükonak post rai<strong>de</strong>d the village of<br />

Dügünyurdu (Taruni) on Dec. 24 and. after a<br />

compl<strong>et</strong>e search, <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>Li the village chieftain.<br />

When they coulLi not tind the chieftain, however,<br />

they <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>d that Kaya, 30, a father of three<br />

and a member of the village council. accompany<br />

them.<br />

After one day passed, the villagers went to the<br />

station to ask about Kaya but were told by an uni-<br />

L1entified comman<strong>de</strong>r that he knew no one by that<br />

name.<br />

According to Aydar's account, villagm found<br />

the remains of Kaya's burned clothing near the Tigris<br />

river on the evening of Dec. 26. On Dec. 27,<br />

they spotted his body in the river. Marks on the<br />

body reportedly indicated that Kaya had been<br />

hanged.<br />

Also, his stomach hall been slit open and filled<br />

with stones. Aydar said that the whole village had<br />

witnessed gendarme troops escorting Kaya from<br />

his home.<br />

In the second inci<strong>de</strong>nt, which Aydar said had<br />

occurred on Dec. 28. a group of soldiers accompanied<br />

by special crack teams entered the village of<br />

Çevrimtepe<br />

local time.<br />

(Girdaka) in Siirt at about 10:00 p.m.<br />

Aydar claimed that<br />

house of 35-year-old<br />

the soldiers went to the<br />

Ce vat Tok<strong>de</strong>mir and <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>d<br />

that he open the door. When he refused in<br />

fear, they allegedly barged insi<strong>de</strong> and opened<br />

on him in front of his children.<br />

fire<br />

Tok<strong>de</strong>mir, father of six. was later reported in an<br />

Emergency Law communique<br />

killed during a security operation.<br />

as "a terrorist"<br />

In his two written motions, Aydar <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>d<br />

that the interiOl' minister explain what was happening,<br />

and that he inform the Parliament wh<strong>et</strong>her<br />

any investigations had been launched regarding<br />

what he refmed to as "these mur<strong>de</strong>rs,"<br />

151


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RMSTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

PKK targ<strong>et</strong>s press again<br />

New bans imposed on newspaper distributors<br />

Turkish Daily Ne"'s<br />

DIYARBAKIR - The outlawed<br />

Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)<br />

resumed its self-style ban on the<br />

Turkish press this Thursday, and<br />

or<strong>de</strong>red newspaper distributors to<br />

halt all activitIes.<br />

Sources said the PKK or<strong>de</strong>rs<br />

were issued by telephone, and that<br />

distributors in this Southeastern<br />

provincial capital were warned<br />

against bringing Turkish newspapers<br />

to the area.<br />

The PKK had previously<br />

banned newspapers and journalists<br />

in the region but later told<br />

them that they could continue activities<br />

until further notice.<br />

Observers believe the new ban<br />

is in r<strong>et</strong>aliation to security operations<br />

dire.çted against the pro-<br />

Kurdish O~,gür Gün<strong>de</strong>m daily.<br />

Dealers of Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m in the<br />

region have been <strong>de</strong>tained and allegedly<br />

tortured in the past days.<br />

The newspaper's manager and<br />

editor in chief 111 Istanbul, as weH<br />

as many correspon<strong>de</strong>nts throughout<br />

Turkey, are still in custody.<br />

Meanwhile, an uni<strong>de</strong>nl1fied<br />

caHer told newspapers that the<br />

PKK's so-called Popular Liberation<br />

Front (ERNK) claimed responsibility<br />

for Wednesday's explosion<br />

at the caf<strong>et</strong>eria of Dicle<br />

University in DiyarbakIf.<br />

A total of 22 stu<strong>de</strong>nts and university<br />

employees were woun<strong>de</strong>d,<br />

and officials said three of the victims<br />

were in critical condition.<br />

The PKK had earlier banned all<br />

educational institutions from functioning<br />

in the Southeast region.<br />

The daily Aydmhk reported on<br />

Thursday that the caHer had said<br />

such attacks would continue if the<br />

organization's or<strong>de</strong>rs were not<br />

obeyed.<br />

Officials said Wednesday's explosion<br />

could have claimed several<br />

dozens of lives had it occurred<br />

at lunchtime. But the bomb reportedly<br />

went off just when the stu<strong>de</strong>nts<br />

were entering the caf<strong>et</strong>eria.<br />

Le Mon<strong>de</strong> - 31 décembre 1993<br />

TURQUIE<br />

Attentat kur<strong>de</strong><br />

contre les locaux du parti<br />

du premier ministre<br />

Qu<strong>et</strong>re personnes ont été blessées<br />

<strong>de</strong>ns un attent<strong>et</strong> 1IIl'explosif<br />

<strong>et</strong> 1II1'arme • feu perpétré merdi<br />

28 décembre" <strong>de</strong>ns le centre<br />

d'Ankere contre les loceux du<br />

Perti <strong>de</strong> le juste voie (DYP,<br />

droite) dirigé per le premier<br />

ministre turc, Moo Tenau Ciller. le<br />

Perti <strong>de</strong>s traveilleurs du Kurdlsten<br />

(PKK, séper<strong>et</strong>iste) e revendiqué<br />

c<strong>et</strong>te ection <strong>de</strong>ns <strong>de</strong>s eppels<br />

téléphoniques enonymes 1IIplusieurs<br />

quotidiens.<br />

Per eilleurs, le police e fouillé<br />

les locaux du bureeu d'Ankere du<br />

quotidien pro-kur<strong>de</strong> Ozgur Gun<strong>de</strong>m<br />

<strong>et</strong> e e"Oté merdi <strong>de</strong>ux journeliates<br />

<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux employés, e-t-on<br />

epprls luprlls du journel, dont<br />

plusieurs dlzelnes <strong>de</strong> collebor<strong>et</strong>eurs<br />

ont d4ljlllété interpellés lors<br />

df perquisitions simileires <strong>de</strong>ns<br />

d'autre. bureaux. Selon <strong>de</strong>s responsebles<br />

,du quotidien, les<br />

enql,lttea pollcl.es ont pour but<br />

<strong>de</strong> flprouver "exlarence d'un lien<br />

organique entre le journal <strong>et</strong> le<br />

PICK•. - (AFP, Reuter.)<br />

\.FP - b'IlL'l'IUIll\' Pr\"'l'- \,1 Il. - bllll' Ir,1l1ll' [ll"l"'l'- \.LI' - \~l'llll'l t.Illll' Pll'''l'- \.l'.P - \~l'llllll'.Illll' PI'L'''l' - \.I.ll.<br />

FRA0298 4 I 0146 EXT /AFP-PP72<br />

Ttlt'q u:i. e-~{,-wd ~~~<br />

Mme Cill~~ affirme que le PKK sera anéanti en 1994<br />

ISTANBUL, 31 déc (AFP) - Le Premier ministre turc, Mm~ fansu Cil:er, d<br />

affirmé vendredi que le Parti <strong>de</strong>s Travaileurs du Kurdistan (PKK, séparatiste)<br />

serait anéanti en 1994, lors d'une conférence <strong>de</strong> presse télévisée, dans le<br />

campus <strong>de</strong> l'Univ<strong>et</strong>~sité <strong>de</strong> Diele, J:l Diyat'bal-


REvuE DE PRESSE-PRESS REvIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RMSTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASlN ÖZETi<br />

\.1-'.1'. - b Illl" 1',1I1ll,I)ll'\\('- \.LP. - \~l'l1ll"I,ll1n' PI't'''('- \.1-:1'. - \~('llll"1,1I1n'Pn'''l'- \.1-'.1'. - \~('I1(l'l 1'.111((' Pll'\\(' -<br />

\.1.1'.<br />

FRA0278 4 G 0313 FRA IAFP-PKB4<br />

Ttlt'cs-incendie<br />

Manifestation è Mulhouse après l'incendie ayant fait SIX morts parmi la<br />

communauté turque<br />

MULHOUSE, 31 déc (AFP) - Un <strong>de</strong>mi-millier <strong>de</strong> manifestants, selon la police,<br />

ont défilé vendredi après-midi è Mulhouse sans inci<strong>de</strong>nt è l'appel du Centre<br />

c1.lltut"eltl.lt"C<strong>de</strong> la ville pow" t"éclam<strong>et</strong>" la "vét"ité" Sl.lt' l'incendie dans lequel<br />

ont péri le 21 novembre <strong>de</strong>rnier cinq membres d'une famille turque, ainsi<br />

qu'une fill<strong>et</strong>te <strong>de</strong> trois ans.<br />

Après la prière dans une mosquée <strong>de</strong> Mulhouse, les manifestants, tous <strong>de</strong>s<br />

hommes, se sont rassemblés è 15h00 <strong>et</strong> ont défilé durant plus d'une heure<br />

jusql.l'è l'immel.lble 0':1 avait éclaté l'incendie, <strong>et</strong> où une g<strong>et</strong>"be <strong>de</strong> flew's a été<br />

déposée par le Consul général <strong>de</strong> Turquie èStrasbourg, M. Ezcan Davaz.<br />

A la suite <strong>de</strong> la découverte <strong>de</strong> traces d'hydrocarbures dans les décombres<br />

<strong>de</strong> l'immeuble accréditant la thèse d'un sinistre d'origine criminelle,<br />

l'information judiciaire avait été requalifiée le 20 décembre en <strong>de</strong>struction<br />

volontaire par incendie ayant entrainé la mort <strong>de</strong> six personnes. De son côté,<br />

le propriétaire <strong>de</strong> l'immeuble a affirmé soupçonner <strong>de</strong>s séparatistes kur<strong>de</strong>s.<br />

Des cris hostiles au parti indépendantiste k~r<strong>de</strong> PKK ont été lancés au<br />

cours <strong>de</strong> la manifestation, dont les organisateurs avaient annoncé qu'elle<br />

serait silencieuse.<br />

Des ban<strong>de</strong>roles, déployées au cOté <strong>de</strong> drapeaux turcs, <strong>de</strong>mandaient notamment<br />

que "jl.lstice soit t"endue" <strong>et</strong> que "la vét"ité soit établie". Dans '.ln tt"act, le<br />

Centt"e cultw"el turc <strong>de</strong> Mulhouse estime ql.lel'incendie "ne peut en aucune<br />

façon êtt"e acci<strong>de</strong>ntel".<br />

La manifestation avait été autorisée par la sous-pr~fecture <strong>de</strong> Mulhouse en<br />

dépit <strong>de</strong> la <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> du maire <strong>de</strong> la ville, M. Jean-Marie Bockei, <strong>de</strong> l'interdire<br />

pOut' <strong>de</strong>s "motifs d' ot"dt"e public". Des ot"ganisations kut"<strong>de</strong>s qui avaient annoncp<br />

leur intention d'organiser un~ contre-manifestation ne sont finalement pas<br />

passées è l'acte.<br />

dt'o/pt'e<br />

AFP 311827 DEe 93<br />

PARIS-BONN<br />

Les Kur<strong>de</strong>s dans<br />

la ligne <strong>de</strong> mire<br />

En interdisant, simultanément,<br />

en novembre 1993, plusieurs<br />

associations kur<strong>de</strong>s sur leurs<br />

territoires, la France <strong>et</strong> l'Allemagne,<br />

États réputés démocratiques,<br />

ont offert leur soutien au<br />

gouvernement semi-autoritaire<br />

<strong>de</strong> Turquie qui les a remerciés<br />

pour le service rendu. Ankara,<br />

on le sait, exerce une répression<br />

violente contre le peuple kur<strong>de</strong><br />

qui lutte pour ses droits, y compris<br />

celui à l'autodétermination. Un peuple sans terre, <strong>de</strong><br />

vingt millions <strong>de</strong> personnes dispersées dans cinq pays<br />

(Turquie, Iran, Irak, Syrie <strong>et</strong> Azerbaïdjan). En France, où<br />

vivent quelque 80000 Kur<strong>de</strong>s, l'interdiction <strong>de</strong> leurs associations<br />

a été précédée d'une rafle <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> l'emprisonnement<br />

<strong>de</strong> vingt personnes. Parmi elles se trouvaient quatre militants<br />

<strong>de</strong> la CGT. C<strong>et</strong> acte ne peut que contribuer à l'intolérance<br />

<strong>et</strong> encourager au rej<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> l'autre, outre qu'il rem<strong>et</strong> en<br />

question le système <strong>de</strong>s libertés dans notre pays.<br />

153


REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />

18<br />

Turkish Probe December 3.0, 1993<br />

HUD1an Rights Diary<br />

Necmiye Arslano~lu, a reporter for the pro-Kurdish<br />

daily Ôzgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m, c.!aimsthat security forces who<br />

<strong>de</strong>tained her and an Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m distributor on<br />

Dec. 9 on the DiyarbakJr-Ba~lar highway in the trouble9<br />

Turkish Southeast tortured them to unearth any<br />

possible links with the outlawed Kurdistan Workers'<br />

Party (PKK). The State Security Court (DGM) releases<br />

her for lack of evi<strong>de</strong>nce proving her connection<br />

with the PKK.<br />

(Cumhuriy<strong>et</strong>, Dee. 22)<br />

The members of the Joint Parliamentary Constitutional<br />

and Justice Commission <strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong> to remove the<br />

immunity of four pro-Kurdish Democracy Party (DEP)<br />

<strong>de</strong>puties, namely, Hatip Dicle, Leyla Zana, Ahm<strong>et</strong><br />

Türk and Mahmut Allnak. It also asks two other DEP<br />

<strong>de</strong>puties, Orhan Do~an and Sim Saklk, to present<br />

their <strong>de</strong>fense p<strong>et</strong>itions within 10 days. They face<br />

charges of sedition carrying the <strong>de</strong>ath penalty. It<br />

votes to maintain the immunity of a fifth <strong>de</strong>puty. Ankara's<br />

state security prosecutor wants to put the five on<br />

trial on charges of threatening Turkey's national unity<br />

and attempting to form another state on Turkish territory.<br />

(Newspapers, Dee. 24)<br />

The DGM arrests the editor and general manager<br />

of the pro-Kurdish newspaper Ôzgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m. Employees<br />

say the court arrested Editor Gurb<strong>et</strong>elli Ersöz<br />

and General Manager Ali Rlza Halis on charg.es of<br />

being PKK members. It releases 16 other Ozgür<br />

Gün<strong>de</strong>m journalists. Police rai<strong>de</strong>d the offices of the<br />

newspaper in Istanbul and other cities two weeks ago<br />

and <strong>de</strong>tained all of its employees. All but eight have<br />

been released.<br />

(Newspapers, Dec. 25)<br />

Turkish authorities <strong>de</strong>port a German journalist who<br />

was jailed on charges of helping rebel Kurds. Stefan<br />

Waldberg, 26, is released from jail in Izmir on a presi<strong>de</strong>ntial<br />

pardon and flown home to Germany. Presi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />

Süleyman Demirel pardons him after receiving a<br />

medical report that he was suffering from "chronic<br />

psychosis." A court sentenced Waldberg to three<br />

years and nine months in January for helping and<br />

sheltering PKK terrorists. He was arrested in November<br />

1992 on suspicion of being a PKK courier. Tape<br />

cass<strong>et</strong>tes and documents of separatist Kurds were<br />

found in his possession.<br />

(Newspapers, Dee. 25)<br />

Can Yücel, a famous Turkish po<strong>et</strong>, is tried at an Istanbul<br />

criminal court on charges of having insulted<br />

the name of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the foun<strong>de</strong>r of<br />

the Turkish Republic, in an essay he wrote for Gerçek<br />

magazine. Yücel refers to an inci<strong>de</strong>nt in his piece<br />

where members of Izmir's Soci<strong>et</strong>y for the Protection<br />

of Animals bring a flower to an Atatürk monument.<br />

The flower happens to be carried by a dog. The prosecutor<br />

<strong>de</strong>mands that Yücel and Yücel ÖZ<strong>de</strong>mir, the<br />

editor in chief of the magazine, be punished for insulting<br />

Atatürk. The judge prevents Yücel from reading<br />

out his <strong>de</strong>fense in which he argues that the report<br />

by the expert appointed by the court is not acceptable.<br />

The court <strong>de</strong>fers the hearings to a later date.<br />

(Cumhuriy<strong>et</strong>, Dec. 25)<br />

Fourteen high school stu<strong>de</strong>nts are <strong>de</strong>tained in<br />

Izmir's Konak district. At the time of their <strong>de</strong>tention,<br />

they are at the office of the district education authority,<br />

having brought a p<strong>et</strong>ition bearing about 1,500 signatures<br />

of stu<strong>de</strong>nts from various high schools in the<br />

province complaining about disciplinary regulations.,<br />

Speaking to reporters in front of the entrance to the<br />

building, they say the disciplinary regulations in force<br />

are "fascist, reactionary" ones. They <strong>de</strong>mand their<br />

immediate annulment. Some time later, plainclothes<br />

policemen arrive at the scene, <strong>de</strong>tain the stu<strong>de</strong>nts.<br />

Eyewitnesses say they treat them roughly while forcing<br />

them into a police van.<br />

(Cumhuriy<strong>et</strong>, Dec. 25)<br />

Police in Istanbul's Kartal district open fire on passengers<br />

in a minibus which fails to comply with an or<strong>de</strong>r<br />

to halt. Two persons, i<strong>de</strong>ntified as Osman<br />

Tarlacl,'25, and Ylimaz Okumu~, 34, are woun<strong>de</strong>d. '<br />

(Cumhuriy<strong>et</strong>, Dec. 26)<br />

The DGM or<strong>de</strong>rs the closure of Özgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m for'<br />

two months and sentences its former editor to four<br />

years in jail. Employees say the Istanbul court on Friday<br />

or<strong>de</strong>red the closure of the daily for publishing articles<br />

<strong>de</strong>emed to be separatist propaganda. The court<br />

also sentenced itsformer editor, 1~lkYurtçu, to four<br />

years' imprisonment. Appeals have been lodgeq<br />

against both rulings. The newspaper will continue<br />

publishing until the verdict on the ban is approved by<br />

an appeals court.<br />

(Newspapers, Dec. 26)<br />

The High Court of Appeals upholds a sentence and<br />

fine passed on Associate Professor Fikr<strong>et</strong> Ba!?kaya,a ,<br />

lecturer at the law <strong>de</strong>partment at Abant University, for<br />

alleged sedition in his book "Westernization, Mo<strong>de</strong>rnization,<br />

Development, and the Bankruptcy of Paradigms."<br />

The Istanbul DGM had sentenced Ba~kaya<br />

to 20 months' imprisonment and fined him TL 41.6<br />

million. He had earlier appealed the court's <strong>de</strong>cision.<br />

Following the Court of Appeals' ruling, Ba~kaya tells<br />

reporters that he will refEùthe case to the European<br />

Human Rights Commission.<br />

(Cumhuriy<strong>et</strong>, Dee. 27)<br />

154


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