Bulletin de liaison et d'information - Institut kurde de Paris
Bulletin de liaison et d'information - Institut kurde de Paris
Bulletin de liaison et d'information - Institut kurde de Paris
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I<br />
I<br />
r<br />
L<br />
INSTITUT<br />
URD<br />
DE PARIS<br />
<strong>Bull<strong>et</strong>in</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>liaison</strong> <strong>et</strong> <strong>d'information</strong><br />
[ N° 105 I<br />
Décembre 1993
"<br />
Ce bull<strong>et</strong>in paraît en français, allemand, anglais,<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>, espagnol <strong>et</strong> turc.<br />
Prix au numéro: France: 30 FF - Etranger: 35 FF<br />
Abonnement annuel (12 numéros) France: 300 .FF - Etranger: 350 FF<br />
Périodique mensuel<br />
Directeur <strong>de</strong> la publication: Mobamad HAS SAN<br />
.,<br />
Numéro <strong>de</strong> la Commission Paritaire:<br />
ISSN 0761 1285<br />
659 15 A.S.<br />
INSTITUT KURDE, 106, rue La Fay<strong>et</strong>te - 75010 PARIS<br />
Tél. : (1) 48 24 64 64 - Fax: 47 70 99 04
Sommaire<br />
• UN COMITÉ DE L'ONU DÉNONCE<br />
«lA PRATIQUE SYSTÉMATIQUE DE lA TORTURE» EN TURQUIE<br />
I<br />
I<br />
• L'ARMEETURQUE COMPTERAIT 250 000 DESERTEURS<br />
• lA FRANCE INTERDIT DES ASSOCIATIONS RÉPUTÉES<br />
PROCHES DU PKK<br />
• AINSI QUE ...<br />
I<br />
I<br />
• TEMOIGNAGE: LES IMMIGRES DE lA GUERRE KURDE<br />
• CHRONIQUE DE lA GUERRE AU KURDISTAN DE TURQUIE<br />
• EN BREF, lA REVUE DE PRESSE<br />
E Comité <strong>de</strong>s Nations Unies<br />
contre la torture, présidé<br />
par M. Joseph Voyame,an-<br />
~;i:.' <strong>de</strong>n chef <strong>de</strong> l'Office fédéral<br />
,helvétique <strong>de</strong> la Justice,<br />
dans un rapport rendu public le 21<br />
novembre, accuse les autorités turques<br />
<strong>de</strong> tolérer une «pratique systématique<br />
<strong>de</strong> la torture, en particulier<br />
par les organes dépendant du ministère<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur».<br />
Le comité est un organe <strong>de</strong> surveillance<br />
<strong>et</strong> d'enquête mis en place<br />
par la Convention <strong>de</strong>s Nations Unies<br />
contre la torture dont la Turquie est<br />
Un comité <strong>de</strong> l'ONUdénonce<br />
«lapratique systématique <strong>de</strong> la torture»<br />
en Turquie<br />
signataire. Sesprocédures sont géné- décidé <strong>de</strong> dénoncer publiquement la<br />
ralement discrètes. Il intervient Turquie <strong>et</strong> d'inviter Ankara à prendre<br />
auprès <strong>de</strong>s gouvernements en leur <strong>de</strong>s mesures énergiques <strong>et</strong> efficaces<br />
présentant <strong>de</strong>s «recommandations» pour m<strong>et</strong>tre fin à ces actes dégradans<br />
l'espoir d'obtenir <strong>de</strong>s améliora- dants.<br />
tions sur les pratiques contraires à la<br />
convention. Devant le caractère mas- L'abondance <strong>de</strong>s témoignages sur les<br />
sif<strong>et</strong> systématique<strong>de</strong>s violationscom- tortures pratiquées par les organes <strong>de</strong><br />
mises par la Turquie, le Comité a, sécurité turcs avait conduit le Comité<br />
pour la première fois<strong>de</strong> son histoire, à engager, ilya trois ans, une enquête.
• 2 • Bulle/ill <strong>de</strong> liaisoll e/ d'iI~for1l1a1ioll Il °J()5 • Décembre 1993<br />
Le gouvernement turc, après avoir<br />
dans un premier temps refusé d'y<br />
collaborer, a dû finalement y consentir.<br />
En juin <strong>de</strong>rnier une délégation du<br />
Comité composée <strong>de</strong> son prési<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
Voyame <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> M. Alexis Dipanda<br />
Monelle, prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong> la Cour Suprême<br />
du Cameroun, s'est rendue sur<br />
place. Les <strong>de</strong>ux enquêteurs, accompagnés<br />
d'un mé<strong>de</strong>cin, ont eu <strong>de</strong>s entr<strong>et</strong>iens<br />
à Ankara <strong>et</strong> à Diyarbakir avec<br />
une soixantaine <strong>de</strong> détenus. Malgré<br />
<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>s insistantes, le ministère<br />
turc <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur a refusé<br />
d'ouvrir aux enquêteurs certains <strong>de</strong><br />
ses locaux, désignés par <strong>de</strong>s témoins<br />
comme <strong>de</strong>s centres <strong>de</strong> torture. Les<br />
résultats <strong>de</strong> l'enquête ne laissent<br />
place à aucun doute:
Il 10'). 1)('("('111111"(' ICJCJ.; I:lIl/e/ill <strong>de</strong> Iiaisou e/ clï/~lo,.,ua/iou • .> •<br />
La France interdit <strong>de</strong>s associations<br />
réputées proches du PKK<br />
la <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> du ministre <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Intérieur, Charles Pasqua, le<br />
gouvernement français a décidé,<br />
le 30 novembre, en conseil<br />
<strong>de</strong>s ministres la dissolution<br />
<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux associations kur<strong>de</strong>s réputées<br />
proches du Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs<br />
du Kurdistan. Il s'agit du<br />
Comité du Kurdistan <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la Fédération<br />
<strong>de</strong>s associations culturelles <strong>de</strong>s<br />
travailleurs patriotes du Kurdistan en<br />
France (Yekkom) ainsi que <strong>de</strong>s sept<br />
associations qu'elles regroupent.<br />
La dissolution a été décidée sur la<br />
base <strong>de</strong> la loi du 10 janvier 1936 relative<br />
aux «groupes <strong>de</strong> combat <strong>et</strong> milices<br />
privées». Les décr<strong>et</strong>s <strong>de</strong> dissolution<br />
imputent à ces associations kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
<strong>de</strong>s «manifestions armées dans<br />
la rue, leur forme <strong>et</strong> leur organisation<br />
militaire» présentant le «caractère<br />
<strong>de</strong> groupe <strong>de</strong> combat ou <strong>de</strong> milices<br />
privées», ainsi que leur participation<br />
• 4 • Rullelill <strong>de</strong> Iiaisoll el d'iI{fornUllioll /I °105 • Décembre 1993<br />
cisé qu'un recours a été formé <strong>de</strong>vant que ( ..). C'en estfini du jeu <strong>de</strong>s bonle<br />
Conseil d'Etat «contre le décr<strong>et</strong> scé- nes manières diplomatiques. Notre<br />
lérat» <strong>de</strong> dissolution. «Rien ne nous combat est politique, nous défenarrêtera,<br />
ni les silence <strong>de</strong> la presse, drans lepeuple kur<strong>de</strong> jusqu'au bout»<br />
ni l'indifférence <strong>de</strong> l'opinion publi- ont déclaré les avocats.<br />
Le quotidien kur<strong>de</strong> Özgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m<br />
menacé d'interdiction<br />
donne une version différente <strong>de</strong> celle<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'armée. Celle-cil'accuse d'être un<br />
organe du PKK<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>
Il 10'). J)ecembre 1
- () - Hlll/elill ~le liaisoll el €l'iI~fo"'"aliol Il u IOj • Décembre 1')')3<br />
nombreux villages détruits, <strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>ment sans lever la tête «ilfaut <strong>de</strong> l'augmentation <strong>de</strong> l'immigration. incampements<br />
d'où ils ont été chassés l'argent pour lepain». ter-ne vers l'Ouest, surtout vers Izmir,<br />
à coups <strong>de</strong> crosse <strong>et</strong> s'entassent dans Adana <strong>et</strong> Istanbul ( ... ). En un an 16%<br />
la ville dont ils avaient coutume <strong>de</strong> Diyarbakir exprime qu'on ne peut pas <strong>de</strong> la population <strong>de</strong> Diyarbakir a émidire<br />
qu'ils y régleraient leurs <strong>de</strong>rniers mener une politique cohérente en gré vers l'Ouest.<br />
comptes. faisant souffrir les hommes. Au fur <strong>et</strong><br />
à mesure que l'on s'aperçoit que les LE PLAN FATAL<br />
Au fur <strong>et</strong> à mesure que l'attente dans problèmes <strong>de</strong>meurent l'idée <strong>de</strong> «sole<br />
café se prolonge, les établis <strong>de</strong>s lution» est remplacée par «vivement L'Etat applique systématiquement<br />
colporteurs se multiplient. Les établis que ça se termine» ( ... ). . son plan à Amed, à Botan <strong>et</strong> à Dersim.<br />
où l'on expose <strong>de</strong>s cigar<strong>et</strong>tes, du ta- C'est le plan <strong>de</strong>
Il f()j. f)('cc'llIb,.(' ff)f)J Uul/elill dl' liaisoll el d'i1~lo"'lIalioli • "7 •<br />
Selon <strong>de</strong>s sources officielles turques contre 1920 pendant toute l'année<br />
citées par le quotidien Turkish Daily 1992.Du 1er janvier au 30 novembre<br />
News du 27 décembre 1993,au cours 1993, 1249 civils ont trouvé la mort<br />
<strong>de</strong> Ilpremiers mois <strong>de</strong> 1993ily a eu au cours <strong>de</strong> ces «inci<strong>de</strong>nts», contre<br />
390linciqents liésaux actions du PKK 618 en 1992. Pendant la même pévont<br />
aussi vers les villes <strong>de</strong> l'Ouest,<br />
surtout à Istanbul, Izmir, Adana, Mersin<br />
situées loin <strong>de</strong>s provinces kur<strong>de</strong>s.<br />
Les villes <strong>de</strong> l'Ouest <strong>de</strong>viennent progressivement<br />
le champ <strong>de</strong> bataille<br />
entre Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>et</strong> Turcs.<br />
L'ÉTAT EST DANS L'IMPASSE<br />
Ces immigrés proviennent surtout<br />
Les sociologues spécialisés affirment<br />
que désormais dans chaque ville,il y<br />
a un Kurdistan. C<strong>et</strong>te immigration est<br />
totalement différente <strong>de</strong> celle dont,<br />
on parlait durant <strong>de</strong>s années, provoquée<br />
<strong>de</strong>s provinces <strong>de</strong> Mardin, <strong>de</strong> Siirt, <strong>de</strong><br />
Hakkari, <strong>de</strong> Mus <strong>et</strong> d'Urfa. Ils survivent<br />
dans la détresse parce qu'ils ne<br />
trouvent ni logement, ni emploi ...<br />
Celuiqui ne trouve pas <strong>de</strong> logement,<br />
par les conditions économi-<br />
s'installe chez <strong>de</strong>s proches parents.<br />
ques ;c<strong>et</strong>te nouvelle immigration est<br />
politique dans toute sa dimension.<br />
L'airrésigné qu'affichaient les pauvres<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s pendant les années d'immigration<br />
économique a disparu, car il<br />
s'agit désormais <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s arrachés<br />
Souvent trois familleshabitent ensemble.<br />
Les immigrés travaillent comme<br />
colporteurs, transporteurs avec une<br />
charr<strong>et</strong>te tractée par un cheval ou<br />
comme journaliers. Les garçons ramassent<br />
soit <strong>de</strong>s vieux papiers ou du<br />
à leur terre par la foree ! Felât nylon dans la rue, soit <strong>de</strong>s morceaux<br />
Cemiloglu, prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong> la Chambre<br />
d'industrie <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> commerce <strong>de</strong> Diyarbakir<br />
<strong>de</strong> métal dans décharges. Les filles<br />
travaillent comme femmes <strong>de</strong> ménage.<br />
a récemment déclaré :
• 8 • Bulle/ill <strong>de</strong> liai~oll e/ d'ÎI~f(}nlla/ioli Il c> 105 • Décembre 1993<br />
rio<strong>de</strong>, 676 membres <strong>de</strong>s forces <strong>de</strong> 9 décembre guérilla turque ont été tués suite aux<br />
sécurité turques (soldats, gendarmes, A Igdir, dans une attaque <strong>de</strong>s mem- accrochages avec les militants du PKK<br />
policiers, protecteurs <strong>de</strong> village) ont bres <strong>de</strong> la contre guérilla un jeune <strong>de</strong> <strong>et</strong> les unités turques sur la route Vanété<br />
tués contre 634. Les mêmes sour- 15, Isa Koçabas a été tué. A Diyar- Tatvan.AÇmar, Nazime Ekinci,mère<br />
ces évaluent à 1552 morts <strong>et</strong> 121 bles- bakir, dans 3 attaques différentes il y <strong>de</strong> 3 enfants a été torturée <strong>et</strong> blessée<br />
sés les pertes du PKKen 1993, contre eu au total2 tués <strong>et</strong> 5 blessés par <strong>de</strong>s par balle chez elle par <strong>de</strong>s forces tur-<br />
1228 morts <strong>et</strong> 52 blessés en 1992. inconnus. ques. A Sason (dans la province <strong>de</strong><br />
Cependant, le nombre <strong>de</strong> «terroris- Batman), dans une attaque <strong>de</strong>s milites»<br />
arrêtés par les forces turques en 10 décembre tants du PKK,contre un poste <strong>de</strong> gen-<br />
1993 serait <strong>de</strong> 7640, contre 7908 en ASiverek, dans la région d'Urfa, suite darmerie, 9 soldats turcs ont été tués.<br />
1992. Le nombre <strong>de</strong> civils blessés est aux accrochages entre militants du<br />
<strong>de</strong> 1389 en 1993, contre 853 en 1992. PKK<strong>et</strong> les protecteurs <strong>de</strong> village une 23 décembre<br />
Pen<strong>de</strong>nt les Il premiers mois <strong>de</strong> militante blessée a été entraînée par A Batman, Salih Bozcu (27 ans),<br />
1993, les forces turques auraient saisi les gardiens du village dans un mini- chauffeur <strong>de</strong> taxi, a été tué le matin<br />
3028 fusils, 1221 canons, 2164 bam- bus, la militante s'est suicidée en cau- en sortant <strong>de</strong> chez lui par <strong>de</strong>s inconbes<br />
<strong>et</strong> 463 378 balles. En 1992, elles sent un acci<strong>de</strong>nt qui a coûté aussi la nus.<br />
affirmaient avoir confisqué 3109 fusils, vie <strong>de</strong> à 3 protecteurs <strong>de</strong> village.<br />
1290 canons, 2368 bombes <strong>et</strong> 27 décembre<br />
352 959 balles. La conclusion <strong>de</strong> ce 13 décembre ACilre, 2 personnes arrêtées <strong>de</strong>puis<br />
bilan contredit la thèse officielle ré- A Slmak, au village Slhp après un 15jours, ont trouvé la mort suite aux<br />
gulièrement assénée selon laquelle contrôle d'i<strong>de</strong>ntité, 5jeunes (Mahmut tortures effectuées au commissariat,<br />
l'armée aurait pratiquement terminé Çevik 17 ans, Seyhmus Çevik 15 ans, les corps <strong>de</strong> NazifM<strong>et</strong>e (35 ans) <strong>et</strong> M.<br />
d'écraser le PKKcar ces chiffres indi- Resit Direkçi 16 ans <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux autres Selam<strong>et</strong>tin (20 ans) ont été rendu par<br />
quent le redoublement <strong>de</strong>s activités non i<strong>de</strong>ntifiés), ont été emmenés par la municipalité à leur famille.<br />
<strong>de</strong> celui-ci en 1993. La victoire mili- les soldats turcs <strong>de</strong>hors <strong>de</strong> leurs viltaire<br />
«définitive»reste plus que jamais lage <strong>et</strong> fusillés. 28 décembre<br />
un «mirage».<br />
A Bismil, dans une attaque à la gre-<br />
16 décembre na<strong>de</strong> par <strong>de</strong>s inconnus Fevzi Öncel<br />
A Diyarbakir, menacé à plusieurs (55 ans) <strong>et</strong> sa femme Sakine (50 ans)<br />
2 décembre reprises, Kemal Ekinci, ven<strong>de</strong>ur <strong>de</strong> ont été tué chez eux. Sadlk Kortak a<br />
A Batman, <strong>de</strong>ux frères, M.Nuri <strong>et</strong> journal Özgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m, a été tué par été tués <strong>de</strong>vant les logements <strong>de</strong> po-<br />
Selahattin Öz<strong>de</strong>mir <strong>et</strong> Talip Topsuz <strong>de</strong>s inconnus. A Kurtalan, dans la lice par <strong>de</strong>s inconnus, ses proches<br />
ont été tués par <strong>de</strong>s inconnus en province <strong>de</strong> Batman, sur son refus <strong>de</strong> indiquent qu'il était suivi par la popleine<br />
rue. A Bingöl, Mehm<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>venir protecteur <strong>de</strong> village,M. Sait lice <strong>de</strong>puis plusieurs jours. A Cilre,<br />
Korkutata a été fusillé chez lui par 3 Elmas a été fusillé par <strong>de</strong>s membres suite aux pikonnages <strong>de</strong> soldats turcs<br />
personnes qui se sont présentées <strong>de</strong> la contre-guérilla turques chez lui. contre le village (Damhca), 3 personcomme<br />
policiers pour qu'on leur A ElaZlg <strong>et</strong> à Siirt, suite aux explo- nes ont été tuées sous les décombres<br />
ouvre la porte. sions <strong>de</strong>s mines au passage <strong>de</strong> mini- <strong>de</strong> leurs maisons <strong>et</strong> 4 autres blessées.<br />
bus au tatal5 personnes ont été tuées<br />
3 décembre <strong>et</strong> 9 autres blessées. 29 décembre<br />
A Batman, Ahm<strong>et</strong> Karabulut, ancien A Diyabakir, dans le quartier <strong>de</strong><br />
responsable du HEP a été assassiné 19 décembre Baglar, suite a une attaque <strong>de</strong>s mempar<br />
<strong>de</strong>s inconnus. A Eruh, dans la A Diyarbakir, un imam, Mehm<strong>et</strong> bres <strong>de</strong> la contre-guérilla turque,<br />
-\'<br />
provine <strong>de</strong> Siirt, 2 soldats turcs tués Elçiçek a été tué par <strong>de</strong>s inconnus. Ayhan" Dagan (22ans) <strong>et</strong> Mehm<strong>et</strong> .;<<br />
<strong>et</strong> 9 autres blessés dans <strong>de</strong>s accro-<br />
Akçamh (25 ans) ont été tués sur le<br />
chages avec les militants du PKK. 20 décembre coup. Un caporal du 7ème régiment<br />
A Tatvan, 6 membres <strong>de</strong> la contre- <strong>de</strong> Diyarbakir a été tué par un in-
Il [Oj. Décentb,.e [CJCJ3 nulleli/l <strong>de</strong> liaiso/l el d'iI~ro"/lutlio/l •
• JO • Blll/elill <strong>de</strong> Iiaisuli el d'ill.forJllalioli ,,0 105 • Décembre 1993<br />
BONN À L'ÉGARD DE L'IRAN SUS-<br />
CITE LA COLÈRE DES ÉTAT-UNIS.<br />
(International Herald Tribune, 2<br />
décembre 1993), p.10.<br />
. UN MESSAGE FERME AUX ACTMS-<br />
TES KURDES. Les organisations visées<br />
«sont <strong>de</strong>s faça<strong>de</strong>s du PKK», a déclaré<br />
Charles Pasqua. (Le Figaro, 1 er décembre<br />
1993), p.10.<br />
GENÈVE/CONCERT: Asie-Mineure <strong>et</strong><br />
Kurdistan. Chants traditionnels kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
<strong>et</strong> anatoliens, salle Patino à Genève<br />
... la musique du cœur. (LeDauphiné<br />
Libéré, 1er décembre 1993),<br />
p.1l.<br />
L'ARMÉE TURQUE RÉÉVALUE DES<br />
PROJETS DE L'INDUSTRIE DE DÉ-<br />
FENSE. - Ministre <strong>de</strong> l'intérieur,<br />
Mentese: «En Turquie il n'y a pas <strong>de</strong><br />
problème kur<strong>de</strong> mais le terrorisme».<br />
- ÇILLER DEMANDE À LA GRANDE-<br />
BRETAGNE D'INTERDIRE ACTMTÉS<br />
SÉPARATISTES. - Le Scotland Yard<br />
commence à enquêter sur le PKK. -<br />
Ankara dément la reprise prochaine<br />
du commerce frontalier avec l'Irak.-<br />
Accord historique avec la Syrie. - Le<br />
message <strong>de</strong> Saddam à Çiller. (Turkish<br />
DailyNews, 2 décembre 1993), p.12-<br />
14.<br />
L'EUROPE DE L'OUEST PREND DES<br />
MESURES CONTRE LES MILITANTS<br />
KURDES. (Turkish Probe, 2 décembre<br />
1993), p.15-16.<br />
DOSSIER SPÉCIAL: UNE FOIS DE<br />
PLUS, L'OPÉRATION AU NORD DE<br />
L'IRAK... (Turkish Probe, 2 décembre<br />
1993), p.17-19.<br />
LA SEMAINE EN PERSPECTIVE.<br />
(Turkish Probe, 2 décembre 1993),<br />
p.20.<br />
LE MEURTRE DE LA PLACE NEUVE<br />
EST POliTIQUE. Tué en pleine rue,<br />
le mois <strong>de</strong>rnier à Genève, un Kur<strong>de</strong> a<br />
été victime d'un crime politique.<br />
(Courrier, 2 décembre 1993), p.2l.<br />
TROIS À QUATRE MILLES PERSON-<br />
NES ONT MANIFESTÉ DE LA PLACE<br />
DE LA RÉPUBliQUE À LA PLACE DE<br />
BASTILLE,POUR ClAMER LAliBÉRA-<br />
TION DES KURDES ARRÊTÉS EN<br />
FRANCE. (A.F.P., 2 décembre 1993),<br />
p.2l.<br />
PARUTION DES DEUX DÉCRETS<br />
DANS LE JOURNAL OFFICIEL, POR-<br />
TANT DISSOLUTION du Comité du<br />
Kurdistan, <strong>de</strong> la Fédération <strong>de</strong>s associations<br />
culturelles <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs<br />
patriotes du Kurdistan, Yekkom<br />
Kurdistan <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s sept associations<br />
que c<strong>et</strong>te <strong>de</strong>rnière regroupe. - Après<br />
les coups <strong>de</strong> fil<strong>et</strong> policiers dans les<br />
milieux kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>et</strong> islamistes en France<br />
: DEUX ORGANISATIONS RÉPUTÉES<br />
PROCHES DU PKK SONT DISSOU-<br />
TES PAR DÉCRET. - Le message <strong>de</strong>s<br />
opérations «Chrysanthème» <strong>et</strong><br />
«Rouge-Rose» Avec les rafles <strong>de</strong> novembre,<br />
le ministre <strong>de</strong> l'intérieur,<br />
Charles Pasqua, lance un avertissement<br />
aux mouvements clan<strong>de</strong>stins<br />
installés dans l'Hexagone. (A.F.P., 3<br />
décembre; le Mon<strong>de</strong>, 2 décembre<br />
1993), p.22, 26-27.<br />
TURQUIE: L'AVIATION BOMBARDE<br />
DES CAMPS KURDES DANS LENORD<br />
DE L'IRAK. (le Mon<strong>de</strong>, 2 décembre<br />
1993), p.22.<br />
AVEC LE PEUPLE KURDE CE SOIR À<br />
PARIS. -Après la rafle du 18 novembre<br />
<strong>de</strong>rnier <strong>et</strong> la récente décision du<br />
gouvernement Balladur d'interdire<br />
<strong>de</strong>ux associations kur<strong>de</strong>s, une vingtaine<br />
d'organisations appellent à un<br />
rassemblement ce jeudi à 18 h 30<br />
place <strong>de</strong> la République. - Mobilisation<br />
dans les Deux-Sèvres. - ROJINE<br />
TOUJOURS ASSIGNÉE À RÉSIDENCE.<br />
(l'Humanité, 2 décembre 1993),<br />
p.23-24 .<br />
L'AGENDA DES DROITS DE<br />
L'HOMME. (Turkish Probe, 2 décem- .<br />
bre 1993), p.24.<br />
LUTTEANTI-TERRORISTE ET GESTI-<br />
CUIATION SÉCURITAIRE.- Les mystères<br />
<strong>de</strong> la rafle anti-Kur<strong>de</strong>s. - L'arrestation<br />
<strong>et</strong> la mise en examen <strong>de</strong> dizaines<br />
<strong>de</strong> membres du PKK ne reposent<br />
sur aucun élément concr<strong>et</strong> perm<strong>et</strong>tant<br />
d'i<strong>de</strong>ntifier une quelconque<br />
menace terroriste. (NouveIObservateur,<br />
2 décembre 1993), p.26.<br />
L'OFFENSIVE TOUS AZIMUTS D'AN-<br />
KARA. Des militaires s'opposent sur<br />
la stratégie <strong>de</strong> lutte anti-kur<strong>de</strong>. (La<br />
Croix, 3 décembre 1993), p.28.<br />
STRASBOURG: GRÈVE DE LA FAIM.<br />
Une douzaine <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> Turquie<br />
observent une grève <strong>de</strong> la faim à Strasbourg<br />
<strong>de</strong>puis samedi pour protester<br />
contre la dissolution d'associations<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s en France. (l'Alsace, 7 décembre<br />
1993), p.28.<br />
SADDAM HUSSEIN, PRIX NOBEL ?<br />
Suffit-il que le temps passe pour<br />
qu'un dictateur <strong>de</strong>vienne respectable<br />
? Depuis peu, en Europe, les lobbies<br />
pro-Saddam Hussein refont surface.<br />
Le temps est venu -nous chuchote-t-on-<br />
<strong>de</strong> «tourner la page» <strong>et</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong> «normaliser» les relations avec Bagdad.<br />
(le Figaro, 2 décembre 1993),<br />
p.29.<br />
L'OCCUPATION DE L'ASSOCIATION<br />
KURDE À HAMBOURG-HARBURG<br />
S'EST TERMINÉ PACIFIQUEMENT.<br />
(l'Alsace, 4 décembre 1993), p.29.
,," /0::; • /)(,('('11/""(, /99,; /:,,/lel;1I <strong>de</strong> Iia;soll el d'ÎI~rorlllal;oll • Il •<br />
LES DÉFENSEURS DES DROITS DE<br />
L'HOMME SONT AUSSI RÉPRIMÉS.<br />
Hier à Genève, <strong>de</strong>ux Turcs ont témoigné<br />
sur les arrestations arbitraires, les<br />
meurtres ou la torture organisés par<br />
le nouveau gouvernement turc. (Le<br />
Courrier, 3 décembre 1993), p.30.<br />
lA TURQUIE & L'IRAN SONT D'AC-<br />
CORD SUR lA TERREUR. - Les responsables<br />
turcs <strong>et</strong> américains discutent<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'interdiction du PKK en Europe.<br />
(Turkish Daily News, 3 décembre<br />
1993), p.3l.<br />
DE lA TURQUIE À L'ALLEMAGNEET<br />
À LA FRANCE : SAINTE-ALLIANCE<br />
CONTRE LES KURDES. - Une semaine<br />
après la rafle spectaculaire opérée<br />
par Pasqua dans les milieux kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
en France, une opération similaire<br />
s'est déroulée en Allemagne. - lA<br />
LIGUE COMMUNISTE RÉVOLUTION-<br />
NAIRECONTRE LESRAFLESDE KUR-<br />
DES. (Lutte Ouvrière, 3 décembre;<br />
Liberté <strong>de</strong> Morbihan, 4 décembre<br />
1993), p.32-33.<br />
GRÈCE-CEE: UNE PRÉSIDENCE À<br />
RISQUES. (Le Point, 4 décembre<br />
1993), p.33.<br />
OPÉRATIONS ANTI-KURDES. Gesticulation<br />
publicitaire sécuritaire <strong>et</strong> gages<br />
donnés au gouvernement turc,<br />
l'opération menée par Charles Pasqua<br />
obéit à <strong>de</strong>s motivations intérieures <strong>et</strong><br />
extérieures. (Vendredi, 3 décembre<br />
1993), p.34.<br />
UN VILLAGE CHRÉTIEN AU<br />
KURDISTAN IRAKIEN. (La Croix du<br />
Midi,3 décembre 1993), p.35.<br />
L'ÉTAT DES DROITS DE L'HOMME<br />
EN TURQUIE. - Bagdad invite la Turquie<br />
à engager <strong>de</strong>s contacts directs<br />
sur le terrorisme. - LES CHRÉTIENS<br />
DE TURQUIE CHASSÉS DE LEUR RÉ-<br />
GION ANCESTRALE. - Le militaires<br />
démentent avoir empêché une solution<br />
pacifique au problème kur<strong>de</strong>. -<br />
DÉGRADATION DES DROITS DE<br />
L'HOMME EN TURQUIE. - DEP: Estil<br />
possible <strong>de</strong> museler <strong>de</strong>s millions <strong>de</strong><br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s? - ASSOCIATIONS DES<br />
DROITS DE L'HOMME. - Fondation<br />
<strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme. - Que sont<br />
les droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme ? (Turkish<br />
Daily News, 4 décembre 1993), p.36-<br />
40.<br />
UNE DOUZAINE DE KURDES DE<br />
TURQUIE OBSERVENT UNE GRÈVE<br />
DE lA FAIM À STRASBOURG <strong>de</strong>puis<br />
samedi pour protester contre la dissolution<br />
d'associations kur<strong>de</strong>s en<br />
France. (AFP., 6 décembre 1993),<br />
p.4l.<br />
LE GOUVERNEMENT SUISSE A DÉ-<br />
CIDÉ LUNDI UNE SÉRIE DE MESU-<br />
RES DE SURVEILLANCEdu PKK séparatiste<br />
en lutte armée contre le gouvernement<br />
turc. (AFP., 6 décembre<br />
1993), p.4l.<br />
INSURRECTIONS: DU BANDITISME<br />
À lA GUERRE CMLE. (Time, 6 décembre<br />
1993), p.42-45.<br />
SUITE AU COUP DE FILETANTI PKK.<br />
- Un Kur<strong>de</strong> lyonnais assigné à rési<strong>de</strong>nce.<br />
Un comité <strong>de</strong> soutien a rencontré<br />
le préf<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> police, afin <strong>de</strong> protester<br />
contre c<strong>et</strong>te décision. (Tribune,<br />
6 décembre 1993), p.46.<br />
MADAME THATCHER TÉMOIGNE<br />
DANS L'AFFAIREDE VENTE D'ARME<br />
À L'IRAK. (International Herald Tribune,<br />
7 décembre 1993), p.46.<br />
BERNE SERRE lA VIS AU PKK MAIS<br />
NE L'INTERDIT PAS. Contrairement<br />
à l'Allemagne <strong>et</strong> à la France, la Suisse<br />
ne condamne pas les activistes kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
à la clan<strong>de</strong>stinité. (24 Heures, 7<br />
décembre 1993), p.47.<br />
LE PRÉSIDENT DU PARTI DE lA DÉ-<br />
MOCRATIE (DEP, pro-kur<strong>de</strong>),<br />
M.Yasar Kaya, a été mis en liberté<br />
mardi par la Cour <strong>de</strong> sûr<strong>et</strong>é <strong>de</strong> l'Etat<br />
d'Ankara après une pério<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> trois<br />
mois <strong>de</strong> détention pour «séparatisme»<br />
<strong>et</strong> quatre jours avant le congrès général<br />
<strong>de</strong> ce parti, qui se tient dimanche<br />
à Ankara, a-t-on appris <strong>de</strong> sources<br />
judiciaires. (AF.P., 7 décembre<br />
1993), p.47.<br />
UNE CINQUANTAINE DE KURDES<br />
OBSERVENT DEPUIS QUARANTE-<br />
HUIT HEURES À MARSEILLE une<br />
grève <strong>de</strong> la faim pour dénoncer «le<br />
massacre quotidien <strong>de</strong> populations<br />
civiles au Kurdistan, aussi bien en<br />
Turquie qu'en Irak, a-t-on constaté<br />
mardi sur place. - APPEL DE DÉ-<br />
TRESSE DES KURDES DE MAR-<br />
SEILLE. (AFP., 7 décembre; La Marseillaise,<br />
8 décembre 1993), p.48, 52.<br />
KURDES: LES NOUVEAUX BOUCS<br />
ÉMISSAIRES. - ONZE KURDES EN<br />
GRÈVE DE LAFAIM À STRASBOURG.<br />
(Options au Cœur du Social, 6 décembre;<br />
Dernières Nouvelles d'Alsace,<br />
7 décembre 1993), p.48.<br />
NEUF ASSOCIATIONS DONT lA FÉ-<br />
DÉRATION INTERNATIONALE DES<br />
DROITS DE L'HOMME (FIDH), la<br />
CIMADE, Fondation France-Libertés<br />
tienne une conférence <strong>de</strong> presse, le<br />
9 décembre à l'occasion «du lancement<br />
d'une campagne <strong>de</strong> soutien aux<br />
droits du peuple kur<strong>de</strong>». - CAMPA-<br />
GNE EN FRANCE POUR LE RESPECT<br />
DES DROITS DU PEUPLE KURDE.
• 12 • UnI/clin €le <strong>liaison</strong> el €I'iI~fonnaliol/ Il'' IOj • Dé(:clllbrc 1')')3<br />
(AFP., 7 décembre; AFP. ,9 décem- (Turkish Daily News, 7 décembre ÊTRE À BEYROUTH. - (Turkish<br />
bre 1993), pA8, 52. 1993), p.50-5I. Daily News, 9 décembre 1993), p.57-<br />
59.<br />
KURDES: LETTRE À MON ÉVÊQUE.<br />
Il ' 10; • lh;cell,b,.e 1
• 14 • BIIll<strong>et</strong>ili <strong>de</strong> liaisoll <strong>et</strong> d'illforlllatioli Il 0105 • Décembre 1993<br />
kien, <strong>de</strong>ux attentats, qui pourraient<br />
avoir été commis à l'instigation du<br />
régime <strong>de</strong> Bagdad, ont visé lundi 13<br />
décembre, <strong>de</strong>s locaux d'organisations<br />
humanitaires, à Souleimaniyeh, faisant<br />
plusieurs victimes. (Le Mon<strong>de</strong>, 15<br />
décembre 1993), p.84.<br />
TURQUIE: HASSANA, VILLAGE<br />
CHRÉTIEN, N'EXISTE PLUS. (ARM, 15<br />
décembre 1993), p.84.<br />
REPORTERS SANS FRONTIÈRES DÉ-<br />
FEND LE QUOTIDIEN PRO-KURDE<br />
ÖZCÜR CÜNDEM. - LE FLAMBEAU<br />
KURDE D'«ÖZGÜR GÜNDEM».<br />
(A.F.p., 15 décembre 1993), p.85, 86.<br />
LE PKK N'EST PAS INTERDIT... MAIS<br />
BERNE CARESSE LA TURQUIE. (24<br />
Heures, 15 décembre 1993), p.85.<br />
LEKURDISTAN EN BUS ET EN AUTO-<br />
STOP. Lors d'une conférence à la cantine,<br />
Yvan Tellier a présenté ses diapositives<br />
<strong>et</strong> livré ses impressions sur<br />
le peuple kur<strong>de</strong>. Témoignage ...<br />
(Ouest-France, 15 décembre 1993),<br />
p.86.<br />
.DES GENEVOIS SE MOBILISENT<br />
POUR DÉFENDRE LES KURDES. Des<br />
Genevois lancent un appel pour faire<br />
pression sur l'Etat turc afin qu'il respecte<br />
les droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme. (L.e<br />
Courrier, 16 décembre 1993), p.86.<br />
L'AGENDA DES DROITS DE<br />
L'HOMME. (Turkish Daily News, 16<br />
décembre 1993), p.87.<br />
LE TERRORISME DU PKK ABOUTIT<br />
AU RENFORCEMENT DU MHP. Selon<br />
Türkes, le MHP a 10% <strong>de</strong> l'électorat,<br />
le nombre d'associations affiliées dépasse<br />
les 800. - LE NOUVEAU PRÉ-<br />
DISENT DU DEP DÉCIDE DE RESTER<br />
SILENCIEUX ET D'ÉVITER DES DÉ-<br />
MISSIONS DANS SON PARTI. - Une<br />
bombe blesse au moins 10 personnes<br />
à Adana. - La police arrête <strong>de</strong>s politiciens<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s à Istanbul. - Ankara accuse<br />
le rapport <strong>de</strong> Helsinki Watch <strong>de</strong><br />
déformer la réalité. (Turkish Daily<br />
News, 16 décembre 1993), p.88-92.<br />
LE PREMIER MINISTRE LIBANAIS,<br />
TAFIC HARIRI, EST ARRIVÉJEUDI À<br />
ANKARApour une visite officielle <strong>de</strong><br />
quatre jours en Turquie consacrée au<br />
renforcement <strong>de</strong>s relations économiques<br />
ainsi qu'à <strong>de</strong>s entr<strong>et</strong>iens sur la<br />
sécurité axés sur le problème <strong>de</strong>s rebelles<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> Turquie réfugiés au<br />
Liban. (A.F.P., 16 décembre 1993),<br />
p.92.<br />
CONTE-ENQUETE SUR UNE INTOX.<br />
Sous couvert d'une opération<br />
antiterroriste, la communauté kur<strong>de</strong><br />
réfugiée en France a été victime d'un<br />
vaste coup <strong>de</strong> fil<strong>et</strong> policier. Au-<strong>de</strong>là<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'impact médiatique ne s'agit-il pas<br />
en réalité d'un échange <strong>de</strong> services<br />
entre gouvernements français <strong>et</strong><br />
turc ? R<strong>et</strong>our sur un scénario prémédité.<br />
- OBJECTIF DES SERVICES<br />
D'ANKARA: Éliminer la résistance<br />
kur<strong>de</strong> dans le mon<strong>de</strong>. - Les quelques<br />
feuill<strong>et</strong>s <strong>de</strong> la DST ne pouvaient suffire<br />
à déelencher une telle opération.<br />
- La France <strong>et</strong> la Turquie viennent<br />
<strong>de</strong> signer un important marché d'armement.<br />
- COMPRENDRE LE PRO-<br />
BLÈME KURDE: Les Kur<strong>de</strong>s luttent<br />
pour exister en tant qu'Etat indépendant.<br />
Un combat engagé dès la fin <strong>de</strong><br />
la Première Guerre mondiale. - Les<br />
forces du Mouvement national kur<strong>de</strong>.<br />
(L'Humanité Dimanche n '196, 22<br />
décembre 1993), p.93-98.<br />
«LALEVÉE DE L'EMBARGO PROVO-<br />
QUERA UN DURCISSEMENT DU RÉ-<br />
GIME».Patiemment, le régime irakien<br />
se rapproche <strong>de</strong>s gouvernements occi<strong>de</strong>ntaux.<br />
Peut-il se targuer d'un<br />
changement dans sa politique <strong>de</strong> répression<br />
à l'égard <strong>de</strong> sa propre population<br />
? Interview: Pierre Martin,<br />
Spécialiste <strong>de</strong> l'Irak. (La Croix, 16<br />
décembre 1993), p.99.<br />
TURQUIE: LEPRINCIPALPARTI PRO-<br />
KURDE RADICALISE SA POSITION.<br />
Hatip Diele a été élu, dimanche 12<br />
décembre, prési<strong>de</strong>nt du Parti démocratique<br />
(DEP, pro-kur<strong>de</strong>). L'élection<br />
<strong>de</strong> M. Diele, qui figure parmi les plus<br />
radicaux <strong>de</strong>s députés kur<strong>de</strong>s au Parlement<br />
turc - il est l'un <strong>de</strong>s dix-sept<br />
élus contre lesquels une procédure<br />
<strong>de</strong> levée d'immunité parlementaire<br />
est en cours - marque un durcissement<br />
<strong>de</strong> la politique du DEP, le principal<br />
parti pro-kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Turquie. (Le<br />
Mon<strong>de</strong>, 16 décembre 1993), p.100.<br />
KURDES: UNE ENTREVUE. --.: Les<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s existent, parlons-en !- PRO-<br />
TESTATION: Une réaction <strong>de</strong> maires.<br />
- LAGRÈVEDE LAFAIMCONTINUE.<br />
- Faire pression sur Ankara. (LesDernières<br />
Nouvelles d'Alsace; Le Républicain;<br />
La Montagne; 16 décembre<br />
1993), p.100-101.<br />
IRAK-FRANCE:DES RETROUVAILLES<br />
SOUS ROCHE ? Surveillance <strong>de</strong> l'industrie<br />
militaire. - Tester le terrain.<br />
(LeQuotidien <strong>de</strong> <strong>Paris</strong>, 17 décembre<br />
1993), p.102.<br />
DESERTION DE L'ARMÉE A LA MA-<br />
NIÈRE TURQUE. Le problème est <strong>de</strong><br />
savoir pourquoi Serdar Güres, fils du<br />
chef d'état-major <strong>de</strong>s armées ou tout<br />
autre enfant peut jouir d'une telle<br />
immunité alors que les autres n'ayant<br />
pas <strong>de</strong> parents influents doivent se<br />
battre <strong>et</strong> mourir pour leur patrie. <strong>et</strong>
" fO'). f)ecellibre fC)CJ.; nul/eli" <strong>de</strong> liai .... oll el €fï/~lo"'"a1iol • l') •<br />
pourquoi ceux qui parlent <strong>de</strong> courage<br />
<strong>et</strong> d'héroïsme peuvent tolérer cela ...-<br />
AFFRONTEMENT ENTRE KURDES<br />
IRAKIENS. (Turkish Daily News, 17<br />
décembre, 1993), p,103-104.<br />
LE CHEF DU PKK AURAIT ÉTÉ AR-<br />
RÊTÉ EN SYRIE.Abdullah Öcalan, qui<br />
dirige la rébellion kur<strong>de</strong> contre l'Etat<br />
turc, serait détenu à Damas sur ordre<br />
d'Assad. (Libération, 17 décembre,<br />
1993), p.104.<br />
LES COLLÈGUES S'INQUIÈTENT<br />
POUR LA VIE DE L'ÉDITEUR<br />
D'ÖZGÜR GÜNDEM. Les 46 employées<br />
du journal en gar<strong>de</strong> à vue ont<br />
peut-être été torturés. - LE MES-<br />
SAGE DE HARRIRI À ANKARA: Les<br />
activités terroristes seront inspectées,<br />
- La Turquie <strong>et</strong> le Liban renforcent<br />
leurs relations, (Turkish Daily News,<br />
18 décembre; Le Mon<strong>de</strong>, 20 décembre<br />
1993), p.105-106, 114.<br />
PLUS DE 2.000 KURDES VENUS DE<br />
TOUTE L'ALLEMAGNE ONT MANI-<br />
FESTÉ à Cassel, malgré l'interdiction<br />
<strong>de</strong> la municipalité <strong>et</strong> ont bloqué <strong>de</strong>s<br />
autoroutes. (AF.P., 18 décembre,<br />
1993), p,106.<br />
OPÉRATION CONTRE LES ACTMS-<br />
TES KURDES, - Danses contre l'indifférence<br />
... - Une centaine <strong>de</strong> ressortissants<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s se sont rassemblés<br />
à Lyon hier. Pour redire leur détresse<br />
<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>r la libération <strong>de</strong> leurs<br />
compatriotes interpellés récemment.<br />
En musique. (la Manche Libre; Le<br />
Progrès, 19 décembre, 1993), p.106-<br />
107.<br />
«EN TURQUIE, J'Al PEUR, PLUS EN-<br />
CORE QU'AVANT LE COUP D'ETAT<br />
DE 1971» Yachar Kemal est un très<br />
grand écrivain contemporain qui ne<br />
supporte plus le sort réservé aux Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
dans son pays. Ille crie, quitte à<br />
risquer encore la prison <strong>et</strong> peut-être<br />
sa notoriété. «Nous vivons en Turquie<br />
une sorte <strong>de</strong> fascisme latent», (24<br />
Heures, 18-19 décembre 1993), p.108-<br />
109.<br />
LECHEF DU PARTIDÉMOCRATIQUE<br />
DU KURDISTAN D'IRAK (PDK)<br />
Massoud Bazani a affirmé que le Parti<br />
<strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du Kurdistan turc<br />
(PKK) avait transféré sa base <strong>de</strong> la<br />
Plaine libanaise <strong>de</strong> la Bekaa vers le<br />
nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak. - UNE BASE DES SÉ-<br />
PARATISTES KURDES DE TURQUIE<br />
A ÉTÉ TRANSFÉRÉE DANS LE NORD<br />
DU PAYS, (AF.P., 19 décembre;<br />
Turkish Daily News, 20 décembre; Le<br />
Mon<strong>de</strong>, 21 décembre 1993), p,llO,<br />
111,118.<br />
(International Herald Tribune, 20<br />
décembre, 1993), p.112.<br />
MULHOUSE: L'ENQUÊTE S'AN-<br />
NONCE DIFFICILE ALORS QUE LE<br />
PROPRIÉTAIRE SOUPÇONNE LES<br />
SÉPARATISTES KURDES. - L'INCEN-<br />
DIE DE MULHOUSE N'ÉTAIT PAS<br />
ACCIDENTEL. (AF.P., 20 décembre;<br />
Le <strong>Paris</strong>ien; Le Figaro, 21 décembre<br />
1993), p.113, 119.<br />
AFFRONTEMENT INTER-KURDE<br />
DANS LE NORD DE L'IRAK: 10 morts<br />
ou blessés. (AF.P., 20 décembre,<br />
1993), p.114.<br />
LADIRECTION COMMUNE DES KUR-<br />
DES IRAKIENS PRÉPARE DES MESU-<br />
RES SÉVÈRES CONTRE LE PKK. -<br />
Rapport: Les compagnies occi<strong>de</strong>ntales<br />
du pétrole en négociations avec<br />
PRÈs DE 200 REBELLES KURDES DE l'Irak. - Ministre <strong>de</strong> la Défense<br />
TURQUIE ONT ÉTÉ MIS HORS COM- Gölhan: Le PKKseraanéanti d'icil'été.<br />
BAT LORS D'UNE OPÉRATION AÉ- (Turkish Daily News, 21 décembre,<br />
RIENNE TURQUE DANS LA RÉGION 1993), p.1l5-116,<br />
DE MAZI-ZHORI dans le nord irakien<br />
à 25km au sud <strong>de</strong> la localité <strong>de</strong> LES TURCS RECONNAISSENT QUE<br />
Çukurca, a-t-on annoncé officiellement<br />
LE CONFLIT KURDE EST UNE<br />
en Turquie. - ATTAQUE TUR- GUERRE. La rébellion kur<strong>de</strong> s'inten-<br />
QUE AU KURDISTAN. - Une raid aérien<br />
sifie <strong>et</strong> l'armée ne peut pas exercer<br />
contre <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s du Nord ira-<br />
un contrôle réel <strong>de</strong>s montagnes-forsifie<br />
kien. (A F.P., 19 décembre; L'Humanité;<br />
teresses du PKK. (Liberté, 21 décemdant,<br />
World Fax News; L'Indépenbre,<br />
1993), p.117.<br />
20 décembre; 1993), p,llO,<br />
114,118.<br />
BONN: LES AVOCATS DU PKK ET<br />
DES 35 AUTRES ORGANISATIONS<br />
LES MANIFESTANTS KURDES BLO- KURDES QUI ONT ÉTÉ INTERDITES<br />
QUENT LACIRCULATION DANS UNE LE 26 NOVEMBRE EN ALLEMAGNE<br />
VILLEALLEMANDE. - Les j<strong>et</strong>s turcs ONT ANNONCÉ à Bonn leur intention<br />
attaquent une convoie du PKK. <strong>de</strong> déposer une plainte <strong>de</strong>vant la Cour<br />
(Turkish Daily News, 20 décembre, administrative fédérale pour faire annuler<br />
1993), p.111.<br />
les interdictions. (AF.P., 21 dé-<br />
cembre, 1993), p.1l7,<br />
LES ÉTATS-UNIS DURCISSENT LEUR<br />
POSITION SUR L'EMBARGO DE ANKARA: 29 EMPLOYÉS DU JOUR-<br />
L'ONU SUR LE PÉTROLE IRAKIEN. NAL PRO-KURDE ÖZGÜR GÜNDEM
• 16 • <strong>Bull<strong>et</strong>in</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>liaison</strong> <strong>et</strong> d'inforlnalion 11 0105 • Décembre 1993<br />
TOUJOURS «EN GARDE À VUE». MEURTRE DE KURDES IRANIENS: La DÉMISSIONS. - LES ETATS-UNIS<br />
(AF.P., 21 décembre, 1993), p.11. justice alleman<strong>de</strong> a <strong>de</strong>mandé à la CHERCHENT L'APPUI POUR 'EM-<br />
France <strong>de</strong> lui laisser auditionner un BARGO SUR LE PÉTROLE IRAKIEN.<br />
AIDE AUX AGRICULTEURS DU témoin dans l'affaire <strong>de</strong> l'assassinat à - La Syrie jouerait la carte américaine<br />
KURDISTAN. (Presse<strong>de</strong>laManche23 <strong>Paris</strong> <strong>de</strong> l'ancien premier ministre ira- dans l'affaire du PKK. - La Turquie<br />
",<br />
décembre, 1993), p.118. nien Chapour Bakhtiar, afin d'éclair- <strong>et</strong> l'Iran signent un accord pour élarcir<br />
les circonstances du meurtre en gir leurs échanges économiques.<br />
TURQUIE: IA GUERRE DIPLOMATI- 1992 à Berlin <strong>de</strong> quatre dirigeants (Turkish Daily News, 23 décembre,<br />
QUE. - OFFENSIVE CONTRE LES kur<strong>de</strong>s iraniens. (AF.P., 22 décembre, 1993), p.125-127.<br />
SÉPARATISTES KURDES. Après l'in- 1993), p.123.<br />
terdiction du PKK en France <strong>et</strong> en AI- LES MEMBRES DU CONSEIL DE SÉlemagne,<br />
Ankara espère le soutien <strong>de</strong> AU MOINS 22 TUÉS LORS D'AFFRON- CURITÉ SONT DMSÉS SUR IA LEVÉE<br />
Téhéran. (Le Figaro, 21 décembre, TEMENTS INTER-KURDES DANS LE DE L'EMBARGO PÉTROLIER IMPOSÉ<br />
1993), p.119. NORD DE L'IRAK. - AU MOINS 22 À BAGDAD. (LeMon<strong>de</strong>, 23 décembre,<br />
MORTS DANS DES COMBATS ENTRE 1993), p.128.<br />
LE JOURNALISTE ALLEMAND STE- KURDES D'IRAK. -AU MONS 18<br />
FAN WALFDBERG, CONDAMNÉ À MORTS DANS DES AFFRONTE- TURQUIE: ARRESTATION ET INCUL-<br />
UNE PEINE DE PRISON en Turquie MENTS ENTRE LES KURDES lRA- PATION DE DEUX RESPONSABLES<br />
pour «coopération» avec le PKK, a été KIENS. (AF.P., 22 décembre; Libéra- D'UN QUOTIDIEN PRO-KURDE<br />
grâcié par le prési<strong>de</strong>nt Süleyman De- tion; Turkish Daily News, 25 décem- Özgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m. (Le Mon<strong>de</strong>, 25 démire!.<br />
(A F.P., 23 décembre, 1993), bre 1993), p.123, 128, 129. cembre 1993), p.128.<br />
p.120.<br />
ILADISPARU, ILY A DIX ANS. Jabbar LE PRÉSIDENT TURC, M. SÜLEYMAN<br />
LE GOUVERNEMENT TURC S'EST Rashid Shifki appartenait au clan DEMIREL DIT QU'ÖZGÜR GÜNDEM<br />
DÉCIARÉ JEUDI EN FAVEUR DE IA kur<strong>de</strong> Barzani. Il vivait avec sa famille EST LE PKK. (Turkish Daily News, 24<br />
RECONDUCTION, POUR UNE PÉ- dans un complexe <strong>de</strong> réimplantation décembre, 1993), p.129.<br />
RIO DE DE SIX MOIS, DU STATION- au nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak, où on les avait obli-<br />
NEMENT EN TURQUIE <strong>de</strong> la force gés à se réinstaller dans les années 70, IA PAIXAU MOYENT-ORIENT EST IA<br />
multinationale chargée <strong>de</strong> la protec- après les avoir chassés <strong>de</strong> leur région. CLEF DE IA RN ALITÉ TURCO-SYtion<br />
<strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s d'Irak. (A.F.P., 23 (Peuple Libre, 23 décembre, 1993), RIENNE. (Turkish Probe, 25 novemdécembre,<br />
1993), p.120. p.124. bre, 1993), p.130.<br />
IA GUERRE CONTRE LES SÉPARATIS- IA TURQUIE ET L'IRAN SE DISENT TURQUIE: DÉPUTÉS ET JOURNALIS-<br />
TESKURDESDE~ENTL'AFFMREDE DÉCIDÉS À «ANÉANTIR LE TERRO- TES KURDES SOUS IA MENACE. -<br />
TOUS LES TURCS. - Çiller annonce RISME SÉPARATISTE,)KURDE. La vi- Quatre élus du Parti <strong>de</strong> la Démocra<strong>de</strong>s<br />
«actions conjointes» avec l'Iran site à Ankara du premier vice-prési- tie risquent la peine <strong>de</strong> mort. Un jourcontre<br />
le terrorisme. - Karayalçin <strong>de</strong>nt iranien. (Le Mon<strong>de</strong>, 22 décerfi- nal d'Istanbul est suspendu. Leur<br />
refuse <strong>de</strong> rencontrer le vice-prési<strong>de</strong>nt bre, 1993), p.124. crime est <strong>de</strong> dénoncer la répression<br />
iranien. (Turkish Daily News, 22 dé- <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> prôner une solution politique.<br />
cembre, 1993), p.121-122. WASHINGTON, LONDRES ET PARIS (L'Humanité, 25 décembre, 1993),<br />
DEMANDENT DES EXPLICATIONS À p.131.<br />
HAUT-RHIN: LE PKK SOUPÇONNÉ BAGDAD, à la suite <strong>de</strong> tirs contre une<br />
DE FLAMMES MEURTRIÈRES. Un rac- patrouille dans le Kurdistan. (AF.P., E~RON 2.000 PERSONNES ONT<br />
k<strong>et</strong> kur<strong>de</strong> pourrait être à l'origine <strong>de</strong> 23 décembre; Le Mon<strong>de</strong>, 25 décem- PARTICIPÉ, LE JOUR DE NOEL, À<br />
la mort <strong>de</strong> six personnes ily a un mois bre, 1993), p.124, 127. UNE MANIFESTATION EN FAVEUR<br />
à Mulhouse. (Libération, 22 décem- DU «PEUPLEKURDE» SOUS UN CHAbre,<br />
1993), p.122. IA CRISE DANS LE DEP APRÈs LES PITEAU À IVRY-SUR-SEINE AVEC LE<br />
.'
Il JO;. Ih'celllIJre IlJlJ.; nulle/iu <strong>de</strong> Iiaisou el d'ÎI{fo,.,ualiou • /- •<br />
SOUTIEN DE LA MUNICIPALITÉ<br />
COMMUNISTE. - Manifestation en<br />
faveur <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s dans le Val-<strong>de</strong>-<br />
Marne. (AFP., 25décembre;LaMarseillaise,<br />
26 décembre 1993), p.132,<br />
132.<br />
133 REBELLES KURDES ONT ÉTÉ<br />
TUÉS LORS D'OPÉRATIONS DES<br />
FORCES DE L'ORDRE EFFECTUÉES<br />
DEPUIS LE DÉBUT DU MOIS DE DÉ-<br />
CEMBRE, DANS L'EST ET LESUD-EST<br />
DE lA TURQUIE, A INDIQUÉ DIMAN-<br />
CHE LE MINISTRE TURC DE L'INTÉ-<br />
RIEUR, NAHIT MENTESE. (AFP., 26<br />
décembre, 1993), p.132.<br />
QUATRE CORRESPONDANTS DU<br />
QUOTIDIEN PRO-KURDE ÖZGÜR<br />
GÜNDEM ONT ÉTÉ ARRÊTÉS À<br />
ELAZIG, APRÈS lA SAISIE AU BU-<br />
REAU LOCAL DU JOURNAL DE DO-<br />
CUMENTS CONCERNANT LE PKK.<br />
(AFP., 26 décembre, 1993), p.133.<br />
«A MIDI, LE RESTAURANT EST RÉ-<br />
SERVÉ AUX SDF». A la porte du restaurant,<br />
rue Bressigny, une pancarte<br />
pour le moins originale: «Réservé aux<br />
SDF»... Samedi 25 décembre, un restaurateur<br />
angevin d'origine kur<strong>de</strong> invitait<br />
les
• 18 • BIII/elill <strong>de</strong> liaisoll el d'ÎI~fo"'"aliol Il u/()5 • Décembre 1993<br />
Mon<strong>de</strong>, 29 décembre 1993), p.145.<br />
15 SOLDATS TUÉS, 22 CMLS BLES-<br />
SÉS. - 25 députés forment une coalition<br />
refusant <strong>de</strong> participer au vote<br />
sur la force <strong>de</strong> protection. - LE DEP<br />
S'OPPOSE AU CHANGEMENT DE lA<br />
LOI ÉLECTORALE. - L'Irak du nord<br />
serait calme après les affrontements.<br />
- ANKARA SE PRÉPARE À APPRO-<br />
FONDIR SES LIENS AVEC BAGDAD.<br />
(Turkish Daily News, 30 décembre<br />
1993), p.146-148.<br />
LES KURDES SE BAmNT MAINTE-<br />
NANT SUR DEUX FRONTS DIS-<br />
TINCTS. (24 Heures, 30 décembre<br />
1993), p.149.<br />
AGRICULTEURS DU KURDISTAN:<br />
«ILS ONT BESOIN D'AIDE !». Serge<br />
Méhoudin, qui s'occupe <strong>de</strong> l'Association<br />
d'ai<strong>de</strong> aux agriculteurs du<br />
Kurdistan (Irak), lance un véritable cri<br />
d'alarme, «ils n'ont plus rien <strong>et</strong> ils ont<br />
réellement besoin d'ai<strong>de</strong>». (l'Agriculteur<br />
Normand, 30 décembre 1993),<br />
p.149.<br />
CINÉMA: lA SALLE DU SCALA FAIT<br />
(RE)DÉCOUVRIR LE PREMIER FILM<br />
KURDE DE L'HISTOIRE. Alors que le<br />
peuple kur<strong>de</strong> affronte une nouvelle<br />
offensive, le Scala propose «Mem <strong>et</strong><br />
Zîn» d'Ümit Elcit, une œuvre qui a<br />
déjà été proj<strong>et</strong>ée lors du Festival <strong>de</strong>s<br />
films du Sud. (l Courrier, 31 décembre<br />
1993), p.150-151.<br />
LE PREMIER MINISTRE ÇILLER À<br />
DIYARBAKIR POUR LE NOUVEL AN.<br />
- Selon le député du DEP Aydar, les<br />
soldats auraient tué 2 villageois. - LE<br />
PKK CIBLE UNE FOIS DE PLUS lA<br />
PRESSE. (Turkish Daily News, 31 décembre<br />
1993), p.151-152.<br />
TURQUIE: ATTENTAT KURDE CON-<br />
TRE LES LOCAUX DU PARTI DU PRE-<br />
MIER MINISTRE. (le Mon<strong>de</strong>, 31 décembre<br />
1993), p.152.<br />
LE PREMIER MINISTRE TURC, MME<br />
TANSU ÇILLER, A AFFIRMÉ QUE LE<br />
PKK SERAIT ANÉANTI EN 1994.<br />
(A.F.P, 31 décembre 1993), p.152.<br />
MANIFESTATION À MULHOUSE<br />
APRÈs L'INCENDIE AYANT FAIT SIX<br />
MORTS PARMI lA COMMUNAUTÉ<br />
TURQUE. (A.F.P, 31 décembre 1993),<br />
p.153.<br />
LES KURDES DANS lA LIGNE DE<br />
MIRE. (l 'Hébdo <strong>de</strong> l'Actualité Sociale,<br />
31 décembre 1993), p.153.<br />
L'AGENDA DES DROITS DE<br />
L'HOMME. (Turkish Daily News, 30<br />
décembre 1993), p.154.<br />
L'ADMINISTRATION KURDE IRA-<br />
KIENNE CONDAMNE LES BOMBAR-<br />
DEMENT TURC CONTRE LES VILlA-<br />
GES KURDES IRAKIENS. - Deux ministres<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s enquêtent sur les événements<br />
<strong>de</strong> Suleymanieh. (Al Hayat,<br />
16 décembre 1993.), p.155.<br />
BARZANI AFFIRME QU'IL NE SOU-<br />
HAITE PASun changement <strong>de</strong> régime<br />
à Bagdad si l'alternatif n'est pas démocratique.<br />
Barzani à Al-Hayat : «Le<br />
Kurdistan irakien n'est pas Somali.<br />
Nous résisterons au fauteurs <strong>de</strong> troubles<br />
<strong>et</strong> au PKK». (Al Hayat, 19 décembre<br />
1993.), p.155-156.<br />
A lA SUITE D'UN SCHISME DANS LES<br />
RENDS DU BARZANI, un combat inter-kur<strong>de</strong><br />
fait 5 morts <strong>et</strong> 65 blessés à<br />
Suleymanieh. (Al-Awsat, 15 décembre<br />
1993.), p.157.<br />
TAlABANIAAL-HAYAT:La protection<br />
occi<strong>de</strong>ntale <strong>et</strong> les gardiens <strong>de</strong> la révolution<br />
iranienne infiltrent au<br />
Kurdistan. - Le pétrole irakien est<br />
trafiqué par <strong>de</strong>s gran<strong>de</strong>s quantités au<br />
Pakistan <strong>et</strong> en Iran. (Al Hayat, 16 décembre<br />
1993.), p.157.<br />
TALABANI:CONTACTES AVEC BAG-<br />
DAD, C'EST DES RUMEURS. Mais il<br />
n'est pas permis <strong>de</strong> se suici<strong>de</strong>r pour<br />
ce débarrasser <strong>de</strong> Saddam. (AlHayat,<br />
16 décembre 1993.), p.-158159.<br />
LES RElATIONS ALLEMANDESAVEC<br />
LE PKK. - Bonn a perdu une carte<br />
politique avec laquelle elle faisait pression<br />
sur la Turquie. (Al Hayat, 16 décembre<br />
1993.), p.-162163.<br />
KURDISTAN IRAKIEN: LESIRAKIENS<br />
DU SUD ET CEUX DU CENTRE SONT<br />
DES RÉFUGIES POLITIQUES AU<br />
NORD. (Asharq al-Awsat, 15 décembre<br />
1993.), p.168.<br />
TÉHÉRAN ET BAGDAD SONT AC-<br />
CUSÉS D'ENCOURAGER LES ÉVÉNE-<br />
MENTS A SOULEYMANIEH. -<br />
Barzani: «A. Ocalan a transféré ses<br />
camps <strong>de</strong> Bekaa au Nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak».-<br />
Le prési<strong>de</strong>nt Libanais, Hariri: «Ocalan<br />
n'est plus désiré <strong>et</strong> on le m<strong>et</strong>tra en<br />
<strong>de</strong>hors du Liban». - Le vice-prési<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
iranien est à Ankara pour discuter <strong>de</strong><br />
la coopération sur le plac <strong>de</strong> sécurité.<br />
- Barzani <strong>et</strong> Talabani déclarent une<br />
direction commune <strong>de</strong> leur parti. (Al<br />
Hayat, 19 décembre 1993.), p.169.
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REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASlN ÖZETi<br />
Middle East Dialogue ~.J ~I J."...;JI.;IJ><br />
L'arrestation en France <strong>de</strong> 85 Kur<strong>de</strong>s en début <strong>de</strong> matinée du<br />
18 novembre, a été condamnée par les membres <strong>de</strong>s communautés<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> France, d'Allemagne, <strong>de</strong> Gran<strong>de</strong>-Br<strong>et</strong>agne <strong>et</strong><br />
un peu partout en Europe.<br />
La gran<strong>de</strong> majorité <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s résidant en Europe sont <strong>de</strong>s<br />
réfugiés politiques ayant <strong>de</strong>mandé l'asyle pour échapper à la<br />
guerre génoci<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> la Turquie contre les Kur<strong>de</strong>s du nord-ouest<br />
du Kurdistan. Les lea<strong>de</strong>rs du gouvernement <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> l'armée turcs<br />
ont fait ouvertement part <strong>de</strong> leur politique <strong>de</strong> déplacement forcé<br />
<strong>de</strong> centaines <strong>de</strong> milliers <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> leurs habitillioos dans<br />
la montagne, afin <strong>de</strong> tenter d'isoler les guérillas du PKK (Parti<br />
Travailliste du Kurdistan). Seul au cours <strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>ux années<br />
précé<strong>de</strong>ntes, quelques dix-mille villageois kur<strong>de</strong>s ont été forcés<br />
<strong>de</strong> fuir leurs maisons par les troupes turques <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> chercher<br />
refuge chez leurs amis ou parents <strong>de</strong>s villes du Kurdistan.<br />
Ceux qui osent se récrier contre la politique <strong>de</strong> l'Etat turc au<br />
Kurdistan, que ce soient <strong>de</strong>s représentants élus du peuple, <strong>de</strong>s<br />
journalistes, <strong>de</strong>s enseignants ou <strong>de</strong>s défenseurs <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong><br />
l'homme, sont les cibles <strong>de</strong> commandos <strong>de</strong> la mort fmancés par<br />
IEtat. Ces commandos <strong>de</strong> la mort opt déjà causé la mort <strong>de</strong><br />
quatorze journalistes <strong>de</strong>puis février 1992. Des enfants <strong>de</strong> pas<br />
plus <strong>de</strong> douze ans qui distribuent <strong>de</strong>s exemplaires du quotidien<br />
prokur<strong>de</strong>, OzgUr GUn<strong>de</strong>m, ont été attaqués au couteau <strong>de</strong><br />
boucher. L'un d'eux fut blé à bout portant <strong>de</strong>vant sa m~re.<br />
Pour les familles <strong>et</strong> les amis <strong>de</strong>s réfugiés kur<strong>de</strong>s vivant en<br />
France, la mort, la tOrbIre, la détention <strong>et</strong> l'évacuation forcée<br />
aux mains <strong>de</strong>s forces <strong>de</strong> l'Etat turc, sont une réalité quotidienne.<br />
Face au silence <strong>de</strong> la presse occi<strong>de</strong>ntale <strong>et</strong> au soutien<br />
Dialogue du Moyen-Orient<br />
~ 'La France entre dans la guerre sale <strong>de</strong> la Turquie'<br />
0\<br />
1""""1<br />
~<br />
""<br />
"S ~~<br />
,~<br />
~<br />
Croissance le Mon<strong>de</strong> en Développement<br />
Décembre 1993<br />
dans le mon<strong>de</strong><br />
Malgré l' émoti.on consécutive à la guerre du Golfe, le<br />
problème kur<strong>de</strong> (voir Croissance n° 363) est r<strong>et</strong>ombé dans<br />
l'oubli jusqu'à ce que les récents attentats anti-turcs obligent<br />
les gouvernements occi<strong>de</strong>ntaux à se pencher sur c<strong>et</strong>te<br />
question non résolue <strong>de</strong> l'histoire.<br />
Aujourd'hui, les associations<br />
KURDES<br />
françaises ont décidé <strong>de</strong> lancer<br />
une campagne <strong>d'information</strong> <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />
pression en faveur du peuple kur<strong>de</strong>, saisissant l'occasion<br />
<strong>de</strong>s actuelles ventes d'armes à la Turquie. Le consortium<br />
franco-allemand Eurocopter est en eff<strong>et</strong> en train <strong>de</strong> conclure<br />
un contrat <strong>de</strong> vente <strong>de</strong> 20 hélicoptères Super Puma à la Turquie<br />
(garanti à 100 % par la Coface), alors qu'il est clair<br />
que ces hélicoptères seront en premier lieu utilisés pour<br />
combattre la guérilla kur<strong>de</strong>. Le chancelier Kohl a toutefois<br />
politique, militaire <strong>et</strong> économique apporté à la Turquie par<br />
les états européens, beaucoup <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s ont protesté. La<br />
réaction <strong>de</strong>s autorités françaises <strong>et</strong> alleman<strong>de</strong>s ont été <strong>de</strong> criminaliser<br />
ces gens espérant ainsi éviter d'autres protestations.<br />
L'image <strong>de</strong> réfugiés kur<strong>de</strong>s que l'on emmène <strong>de</strong> force, certains<br />
pieds nus malgré le temps hivernal, est bien la preuve<br />
que la France, tout comme l'Allemagne, ne se contente plus<br />
maintenant <strong>de</strong> fournir <strong>de</strong>s armes contre le peuple du Kurdistan<br />
mais qu'elle se charge également <strong>de</strong> faire le sale boulot<br />
<strong>de</strong> la Turquie.<br />
Des communiqués parus dans le Turkish Daily News,<br />
suggèrent que la Turquie aurait envoyé 100 agents spéciaux<br />
en Europe pour mener <strong>de</strong>s attaques contre les dirigeants du<br />
PKK <strong>et</strong> pour livrer une campagne dont le but est <strong>de</strong> discréditer<br />
le mouvement. Les arrestations en France suggèrent que<br />
certains états européens sont prêts à entrer en connivence<br />
avec le terrorisme <strong>de</strong> l'Etat turc à l'étranger.<br />
La résolution <strong>de</strong> la question kur<strong>de</strong> ne rési<strong>de</strong> pas dans les<br />
attaques militaires, la répression, l'arrestation en masse <strong>et</strong> les<br />
assassinats. Le peuple kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> la reconnaissance <strong>de</strong><br />
son i<strong>de</strong>ntité nationale <strong>et</strong> a à maintes reprises exprimé son désire<br />
d'une résolution pacifique du conflit actuel. La France,<br />
l'Allemagne <strong>et</strong> la Gran<strong>de</strong>-Br<strong>et</strong>agne serviraient mieux les intérêts<br />
<strong>de</strong> la paix s'elles faisaient pression sur le gouvernement<br />
turc pour qu'il ouvre le dialogue avec le peuple kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>et</strong> qu'il<br />
m<strong>et</strong>te fm à sa politique <strong>de</strong> tuerie en masse <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>struction<br />
au Kurdistan.<br />
Centre d'Information du Kurdistan, Londres<br />
exigé <strong>de</strong> la Turquie<br />
que soit appliquée<br />
une clause<br />
<strong>de</strong> non-utilisation<br />
<strong>de</strong>s armes d' origine<br />
alleman<strong>de</strong><br />
contre la population<br />
civile, avec<br />
menace d'embargo<br />
sur les armes pour<br />
l'armée turque.<br />
Pour contourner<br />
c<strong>et</strong>te restriction, la<br />
France envisage<br />
<strong>de</strong> construire seule<br />
ces 20 hélicoptères<br />
qui doivent être livrés<br />
à partir <strong>de</strong><br />
1995. La plateforme<br />
<strong>de</strong>s associations<br />
françaises, sous l'égi<strong>de</strong> d'AGIR ICI, <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> que la<br />
France s'aligne sur les exigences alleman<strong>de</strong>s; si la Turquie<br />
refuse <strong>de</strong> s'y soum<strong>et</strong>tre, le gouvernement français <strong>de</strong>vra<br />
suspendre la livraison <strong>de</strong> ses hélicoptères, comme il l'a déjà<br />
fait par le passé pour <strong>de</strong>s contrats chiliens ou sud-africains.<br />
Le gouvernement actuel saura-t-il prendre une telle décision<br />
politique? (AGIR ICI, 14, passage Dubail, 75010<br />
<strong>Paris</strong>. Tél. (1) 40.35.07.00). A.S.B<br />
o<br />
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REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
o<br />
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2<br />
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.CIl<br />
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Ma vie<br />
<strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong><br />
d'un écrivain <strong>et</strong> homme<br />
 politique Kur<strong>de</strong>, "Ma vie <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>'. écrite<br />
rJutobiographie<br />
par Noureddine Zaza en 1982. <strong>et</strong> réédité<br />
par Labor <strong>et</strong> Fi<strong>de</strong>s (Genève) en 1993, évoque<br />
à travers la vie d'un écrivain <strong>et</strong> homme politique<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>. l'ensemble <strong>de</strong>s coups portés à ce peuple<br />
écartelé entre différents états, à partir <strong>de</strong>s<br />
années 1920 jusqu'à 1988 (mort <strong>de</strong> l'auteur à<br />
Lausanne).<br />
La précision du témoignage. l'accumulation <strong>de</strong><br />
faits <strong>et</strong> le talent <strong>de</strong> l'auteur ren<strong>de</strong>nt concrète<br />
la pénible expérience <strong>de</strong>s militants <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> tout<br />
un peuple, victimes <strong>de</strong>s provocations <strong>de</strong>s<br />
mesures discriminatoires, <strong>de</strong>s arrestations, <strong>de</strong>s<br />
tortures, <strong>de</strong>s emprisonnements prolongés.<br />
L'évocation chaleureuse <strong>de</strong> la solidarité <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />
l'hospitalité Kur<strong>de</strong> vient tempérer la tristesse du<br />
récit. Elle explique à la fois la constance <strong>de</strong><br />
l'auteur <strong>et</strong> le maintien du combat actuel <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s malgré la puissance <strong>de</strong> leurs ennemis.<br />
Je terminais la lecture <strong>de</strong> ce livre très vivant <strong>et</strong><br />
attachant quand le gouvernement français a<br />
déclenché son opération médiatique anti-<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>... même si le PKK n'est pas un club<br />
d'enfants <strong>de</strong> chœur, le très_.chrétien Balladur<br />
exige-t-i1 que les Kur<strong>de</strong>s sè' laissent massacrer<br />
sans s'organiser ?... Oui, sans doute, comme le<br />
montre ce passage qui évoque la vie <strong>de</strong><br />
l'auteur en 1928 I...<br />
Nous étions dans un pays libre. Ici. on ne nous<br />
poursuivait pas, on ne nous torturait pas comme<br />
en Turquie. Ce serait la belle vie, pensais-je,<br />
nous y vivrions enfin en sécurité.<br />
En fait, la réalité n'était pas aussi absolue. Dès<br />
qu'ils étalent arrivés à Alep, mon frère <strong>et</strong> ses<br />
amis s'étaient empressés <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>r aux<br />
Français à bénéficier du refuge politique. Ils ne<br />
doutaient pas que la France allait nous<br />
accueillir à bras ouverts <strong>et</strong> nous offrir toutes<br />
sortes <strong>de</strong> facilités pour nous installer en Syrie.<br />
La puissance mandataire, dont le haut<br />
commissariat siégeait à Beyrouth, allait peutêtre<br />
même nous ai<strong>de</strong>r à continuer la lutte pour<br />
la libération du peuple Kur<strong>de</strong> ...<br />
Or, la politique française à l'égard <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
variait selon l'état <strong>de</strong>s relations que la France<br />
entr<strong>et</strong>enait avec la Turquie, nous l'ignorions ...<br />
Et, . une semaine après les démarches<br />
entreprises. la réponse arrivait, invraisemblable<br />
<strong>et</strong> terrifiante: le haut-commissariat rej<strong>et</strong>ait notre<br />
<strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> d'asile <strong>et</strong> manifestait sa<br />
détermination <strong>de</strong> nous livrer aux Turcs, car,<br />
'pour le renforcement <strong>de</strong>s bonnes relations<br />
entre les <strong>de</strong>ux États', Ankara exigeait notre<br />
extradition.<br />
"Ma vie <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>', 125 F, Labor <strong>et</strong> Fi<strong>de</strong>s. 1 rue<br />
Beauregard, CH 1204 Genève.<br />
M<br />
0\<br />
0\<br />
......<br />
Le raisin' <strong>de</strong> Noël<br />
(9)<br />
'. D....<br />
· ,.<br />
erriè~e le grand<br />
portall <strong>de</strong> fer d,!<br />
c, clos Pomone, a<br />
.. " Thomery, se cachent<br />
trente ares <strong>de</strong> bonheur~<br />
Trente ar<strong>et</strong>s <strong>de</strong> fruits<br />
aux chairs fond-antes ou<br />
craquantes, que dore ]a<br />
chau<strong>de</strong> lumière <strong>de</strong> l'automne.<br />
Trente ares <strong>de</strong> succulence,<br />
d'ivresse pour les<br />
papilles. Sûr que dans ce<br />
p<strong>et</strong>it arpent, le bon Dieu<br />
doit venir s'y réfugier<br />
quand les hommes se font<br />
trop désespérants. Mais<br />
c'est un secr<strong>et</strong> que seul<br />
connaît Louis Perfezau, .<br />
l'homme qui veille sur. ce<br />
coin <strong>de</strong> paradis.<br />
LE CADEAU DU SULTAN<br />
AU ROI DE FRANCE<br />
Quarante années dans les<br />
postes <strong>et</strong> télécommunications<br />
ne lui ont pas fait oublier<br />
ses racines paysannes.<br />
Son enfance finistérienne<br />
fut placée sous le double<br />
signe du blé noir <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la<br />
pomme à cidre, sa r<strong>et</strong>raite '<br />
se déroule sous celui <strong>de</strong> la .<br />
vigne. Et pas n:importe laque1le.<br />
Louis Perfezou<br />
règne sur le <strong>de</strong>rnier carré<br />
du prestigieux chasselas <strong>de</strong><br />
Fontainebleau. Au total,<br />
une cinquantaine <strong>de</strong> pieds<br />
qui racontent une vieille<br />
histoire, celle <strong>de</strong>s fameux<br />
raisins <strong>de</strong> Noël.<br />
On dit ici que Soliman le<br />
Magnifique, sultan otto-<br />
man, donna un jour à son<br />
allié François 1 er quelques<br />
pi
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVlEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASlN ÖZETÎ<br />
Wednesday, December 1,1993 turkish daily news<br />
Clinton: No l<strong>et</strong>up in sanctions against Iraq<br />
Says he believes Iraqi Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Saddam Hussein remains committed to<br />
rebuilding his weapons of mass <strong>de</strong>struction, especially nuclear weapons<br />
Reuters<br />
WASHINGTON- U.S. Presi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
Bill Clinton has said it is extremely importantto<br />
maintain current United Nations<br />
sanctions against Iraq until it has<br />
a track record of compliance on scrapping<br />
.its we~pons-building potential.<br />
Chnton, In a report to Congress on<br />
the sanctions, said he believed Iraqi<br />
Pre~i<strong>de</strong>nt Saddam Hussein remained<br />
committed to rebuilding his weapons<br />
of mass <strong>de</strong>struction, especially.nuclear<br />
weapons, <strong>de</strong>spite Iraq's acceptance last<br />
Frioay of long-term monitoring of its<br />
weapons pro~ram.<br />
Such mOnitoring,<br />
1991 GulfWar<br />
required un<strong>de</strong>r the<br />
cease-fire agreements, is one of the<br />
conditions<br />
embargo<br />
for the early liftin~ of an oil<br />
that was imposea on Iraq<br />
along with other sanctions after its Augustl.990<br />
invasion of Kuwait.<br />
Clinton said his administration also<br />
believed that Saddam "is most likely<br />
continuing to conceal weapons-related<br />
activities from the U.N.<br />
"It is therefore extremely important<br />
thattheinternational community maintain<br />
current sanctions and continue its<br />
efforts to establish the lonq-,term monitoring<br />
regime required by U.N. Security<br />
Council Resolution 715. "Althou~h<br />
Iraq has said that it is ready to comply<br />
with that resolution, it still must take<br />
significant steps, including the provision<br />
of new data about the supphers of<br />
U.S. Presi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
its WMD (weapons of mass <strong>de</strong>struction)<br />
program, Clinton wrote. Rolf<br />
Ekeus, chairman of the U.N.<br />
Special Commission in charge of<br />
scrapping Iraq's <strong>de</strong>adliest weapons, has<br />
told Iraq that it must establish a clear<br />
record of compliance before he can report<br />
favorably<br />
cil.<br />
to the Security Coun-<br />
"We strongly support this approach,"<br />
the presi<strong>de</strong>nt said. His remarks were<br />
contained in a report he must send to<br />
congressionallea<strong>de</strong>rs every 60 days on<br />
efforts to obtain Iraqi compliance with<br />
U.N. resolutions.<br />
Clinton also faulted Iraq for its continued<br />
of' compliance by Iraq.<br />
refusal to sell $1.6 billion in oil,<br />
a step authorized<br />
cil.<br />
by the Security Coun-<br />
The United Nations would l<strong>et</strong> the<br />
Bill Clinton<br />
proceeds be used to buy food, medicine<br />
and supplies for essential ci vilian<br />
needs, subject to U.N. monitoring of<br />
sales and the equitable distribution of<br />
humanitarian supplies, including to<br />
rebel areas.<br />
"Iraqi authorities bear full responsibility<br />
for any suffering in Iraq that results<br />
from their refusal to implement"<br />
such oil sales, Clinton said.<br />
Earlier in the day. the U.S. Ambassador<br />
to the United Nations, Ma<strong>de</strong>leine<br />
Albright, told reporters: "We have said<br />
the same thing over and over again.<br />
We're looking for a sustained pattern<br />
Albright and other permanent members<br />
of the council, Britain, France,<br />
China and Russia, were briefed by Ekeus<br />
Monday.<br />
France has said it would agree eventually<br />
to lifting the .embargo if UN-<br />
SCaM, as Ekeus's commission is<br />
known. <strong>de</strong>ems it had compl<strong>et</strong>ed its<br />
work. China is known to have a similar<br />
position.<br />
Britain and Russia are more cautious<br />
but envoys said they recognized that<br />
Iraq's formal acceptance or the longterm<br />
monitoring constituted<br />
progress.<br />
"The Americans are being tougher<br />
than anyone else," said one envoy at<br />
the council briefing.<br />
"One has to recognize the monitorin~<br />
was a positive step as we have been<br />
aSKing for it, so l<strong>et</strong> them g<strong>et</strong> on with<br />
implementing it," he ad<strong>de</strong>d. "One cannot<br />
always say that whatever the Iraqis<br />
do is \Hong."<br />
3
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />
J<strong>et</strong>s hit northern Iraq<br />
• France expands crackdown on PKK, the organization threatens GeT11Ulny<br />
• Çiller says no civilians hanned during bombing oj 'PKK camps'<br />
.• Iraqi Kurds say two villages hit, three <strong>de</strong>ad, 6 children injured<br />
• KDP claims victims had links with international aid agencies<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- Turkish warplanes carried<br />
out a five-hour strike on nine separate<br />
targ<strong>et</strong>s in northern Iraq, Prime<br />
Minister Tansu Çiller said on Tuesday..<br />
. ..<br />
Çiller saId the targ<strong>et</strong>s of the aIr raIds<br />
were camps of the outlawed Kurdistan<br />
Workers' Party (PKK), and that no civilians<br />
were hanued.<br />
Iraqi Kurdish officials claimed, however<br />
that the "indiscriminate" attacks.<br />
targèted two villages in the Barzan area<br />
and left three civilians killed and six<br />
éhildren woun<strong>de</strong>d. A statement issued<br />
from Çiller's press office said there<br />
were neithèr civilian s<strong>et</strong>tlements nor<br />
northern Iraqis within at least four kilom<strong>et</strong>ers<br />
of the targ<strong>et</strong>s. "Northern Iraqi<br />
officials were informed of the operation<br />
on time," it said.<br />
"The operation started at 10:30 a ..m.<br />
local time and en<strong>de</strong>d at 3:~0 p.m. NIn~<br />
taro<strong>et</strong>s in the areas of Mez!, Kerya<strong>de</strong>n,<br />
Si~i and Shiviwere. hit, an~ ~ total of<br />
16 sorties were carned out, It ad<strong>de</strong>d.<br />
According to the sta.tement, the oper~tion<br />
was carried out In a 400 square-kilom<strong>et</strong>er<br />
(10 x 40) area.<br />
Çiller said, "The tents and shelters<br />
where the terrorists were hiding have<br />
been <strong>de</strong>stroyed. Neither a single Ir~qi<br />
soldier nor any s<strong>et</strong>tlements belongm~<br />
to Iraqi citizens have been harmed. '<br />
The operation zone was reportedly the<br />
bor<strong>de</strong>r area, north of the 36th parallel,<br />
where Iraq has no control.<br />
Although the prime minister said the<br />
operation was carried out only after<br />
Iraq was infonued, a spokesperson for<br />
. the Iraqi embassy in Ankara said they<br />
had received no information on the<br />
raids. .'<br />
Contrary to the government report, a<br />
strongly wor<strong>de</strong>d statement issued by<br />
the Iraqi Kurdistan Democratic Party<br />
(KDP) said that Turkish warplanes had<br />
bombed on Monday two Kurdish villages<br />
in the Barzan region insi<strong>de</strong> Iraqi<br />
Kurdistan.<br />
"The latest air raid killed three civilians<br />
,and woun<strong>de</strong>d six children in the<br />
villages of Hiezen and Siena. These<br />
villa~es are located nearly 40 kilom<strong>et</strong>ers<br />
aeep insi<strong>de</strong> northern Iraq. The villagers<br />
are new Iraqi-Kurdish r<strong>et</strong>urnees<br />
who have been assisted in their r<strong>et</strong>urn<br />
4<br />
to their native home by international aid<br />
agencies," it said.<br />
It ad<strong>de</strong>d, "There have been indiscriminate<br />
Turkish air raids and shellings of innocent<br />
Kurdish civilians in the bor<strong>de</strong>r region. There<br />
are serious doubts that all these attacks have<br />
been carried out by Turkey in error. There is<br />
no PKK presence or base in the targ<strong>et</strong>ed area."<br />
The KDP also con<strong>de</strong>mned the raids and<br />
called on the Turkish government "to compensate<br />
victims of the last air attack and end<br />
ItS cross-bor<strong>de</strong>r attacks on Kurdish civil-<br />
. lans .."<br />
Anti.PKK operations in Europe<br />
The operations against .PKK activities in<br />
Europe continued on Tuesday as the 12<br />
countries of the European Umon<br />
reach a consensus on the issue.<br />
failed<br />
.<br />
to<br />
France on Tuesday banned two Kurdish<br />
groups, expanding<br />
activIsts, involved<br />
the crackdown<br />
in a separatist<br />
in which<br />
campaign<br />
. against Turkey,<br />
rorist activities.<br />
have been charged with ter-<br />
Officials in France or<strong>de</strong>red<br />
the dissolution of the Kurdistan Committee<br />
and the Fe<strong>de</strong>ration of Cultural Associations<br />
and Patriotic. Workers of Kurdistan, said<br />
government<br />
Sarkozy<br />
spokesman<br />
called the<br />
Nicolas Sar~ozx.<br />
two orgamzatIons<br />
"spinoff groups" of the PKK whIch is fighting<br />
a 9-year-old guerrilla war for an in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
Kurdish state in southeastern Tur- '<br />
key, in which more than Il,000<br />
been killed so far.<br />
people have<br />
Interior Minister Charles Pasqua, known<br />
for his tough tactics against crime and illegal<br />
immigration, had urged the action and<br />
was backed by the Cabin<strong>et</strong> of conservative<br />
Premier Edouard Balladur during its weekly<br />
me<strong>et</strong>ing Tuesday, Sarkozy said. The French<br />
government's <strong>de</strong>cision came a week after<br />
Germany,often a haven for political groups<br />
in exile, outlawed<br />
Party or PKK.<br />
the Kurdistan Workers'<br />
Germany and German interests in Turkey.<br />
were threatened by the PKK on Tuesday for<br />
"backing Ankara against the PKK." Holding<br />
a press conference in the, German city of<br />
Cologne, Cengiz Dereli, the spokesman of<br />
the outlawed Kurdistan CommIttee said that.<br />
Germany's<br />
take."<br />
<strong>de</strong>cision was a "political mis-<br />
Meanwhile, groups of people occupied<br />
two associations in Nurnberg and Ingolstadt<br />
in Germany, which were dosed down by<br />
the Genuan government because of their involvement<br />
in PKK activities. The pro-PKK.<br />
<strong>de</strong>monstrators said thatthey would blow up .<br />
the building if police intervened. The police<br />
fired into the air twice to disperse the<br />
crowd, but failed to prohibit the occupation<br />
in Nurnberg.<br />
The possIbility of a joint EU polièy on legal<br />
moves against the PKK was discussed in<br />
two-days of talks in Brussels, ending Tuesday.<br />
The 12 failed to come up with a joint<br />
strategy because of different approaches on<br />
the issue. Turkey's historical nval Greece<br />
reportedly stood. against banning the activities<br />
of the PKK with this bemg a move<br />
which might benefit Turkey, its ally in<br />
NATO.<br />
Genuanlnterior Minister Manfred Kanther<br />
revealed that only Greece had opposed<br />
placing the PKK on the EO's list of terrorist<br />
organizations.<br />
Turkish Prime Minister Tansu Çiller reportedly<br />
had a telephone conversation with<br />
German Chancellor Helmut Kohl on Monday<br />
evening and evalu~ted the. recent. sit.uation<br />
as re,gards cooperatIon agamst terronsm<br />
and other political matters. Belgian Interior<br />
Minister Louis Tobback said that his country<br />
did not criticize Germany's <strong>de</strong>cision to.<br />
outlaw the PKK, but the level of activities<br />
of the organization in Belgium had not y<strong>et</strong><br />
reached the level experienced in Germany.<br />
Belgian intelligence units, quoted by Anatolia<br />
news agency, accused Tobback on the<br />
other hand of ignoring the threat coming<br />
from the PKK, blockmg their operations<br />
against the PKK. The Europe headquarters<br />
of the ERNK, the so-called p~litical front ~f<br />
the PKK which was banned In Germany, IS<br />
in Brussels.<br />
Following Germany's move, ERNK's.<br />
spokesman Kani Ytlmaz once again threatened<br />
European tourists goin& to Turkey next<br />
yeT~rkish Foreign Minister Hikm<strong>et</strong> ç<strong>et</strong>in,<br />
who is in Rome for the me<strong>et</strong>ing of the Con- .<br />
ference on Security and Cooperation in Europe<br />
(CSCE) and m<strong>et</strong> with his West Europe-.<br />
an counterparts brieflyon Tuesday, said that.<br />
European countries are working on a plan to .<br />
take Joint action on the prohibition of terror- .<br />
ist activities in Europe.. .<br />
Ç<strong>et</strong>in said he also talked with his Bulgari- .<br />
----
REvuE DE PRESSE ..PRESS REvIEw ..BERHEVOKA ÇAP~ ..RMSTA STAMPA ..DENTRO DE LA PRENSA ..BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />
an counterpart Stanislav Daskalov Monday<br />
night and warned him against the possibility<br />
of PKK militants trying to find shelter in<br />
Eastern European countries and particularly<br />
in Bulgaria, äfter the blows in Western Europe.<br />
Meanwhile, Bulgarian Deputy Foreign<br />
Minister Dimitri Ikonomov arrived in Turkey<br />
on Monday for political consultations<br />
with his counterpart Bilgin Vnan of the<br />
Turkish Foreign Ministry. Bringing a message<br />
from the Bulgarian Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Jelu Jelev<br />
to Turkish Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Suleyman Demirel,<br />
Ikonomov said his country was ready to<br />
coo~rate with Turkey on "every kind of<br />
terrorism. "<br />
11 villagers are missing insoutheast<br />
The villagers are said to !'ave been taken into<br />
gendannerie custody on Oct. 8near Kulp, Diyarba1ar<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
AN KARA- A group of villagers<br />
have been reportedly missing for nearly<br />
two months in southeast Turkey,<br />
following a security operation in early<br />
October ID Diyarbakir province, one of<br />
the relatives of the 12 missing villagers<br />
said on Tuesday.<br />
Mirza Ak<strong>de</strong>niz. \\ hose father is<br />
a:n'onrt the missi'1g, i: !d•.te Turkish<br />
DiülycNews that he could not g<strong>et</strong> any<br />
information on the whereabouts f)f .the<br />
missina people, <strong>de</strong>spite his conta<strong>et</strong>s<br />
with th~ RegIOnalGovernor's Office in<br />
DiyarbakIr, various members of Parliament<br />
and several ministers in Ankara.<br />
Having lived in the Inkaya village of<br />
Kulp township of DiyarbakIr in southeast<br />
Turkey. Ak<strong>de</strong>niz told his story to<br />
TON as follows:<br />
PKK or<strong>de</strong>rs closure of schools<br />
Turkish<br />
"We had taken our animals to 'Sen'<br />
meadow near our village. Helicopters<br />
came.<br />
We thoughtthere was going to be<br />
an operation against PKK (outlawed<br />
Kurdistan Workers' Party) militants. "I<br />
took the animals to Kulp {o save them<br />
from possible stray bull<strong>et</strong>s on Oct. 7.<br />
Two days later my mother came to<br />
Kulp from the village.<br />
I asked her where my father was.<br />
She told me that the soldiers had<br />
burned down our house and several<br />
other houses in the village and had t3kç~away<br />
my father along with ten other<br />
Villagers."<br />
Ak<strong>de</strong>niz said his 65-year-old falher<br />
Mehm<strong>et</strong> Salih Ak<strong>de</strong>niz had been the<br />
headman of the village for lh.e last 22<br />
Daily News<br />
years and had very good relations with<br />
.l"'e 10(,1! miHtary and civilian officials.<br />
"Maj. Sim Susut and Maj. Sabri Segmen<br />
will attest to the fact that my father<br />
was very helpful to Turkish security<br />
forces when'they were in need," Ak<strong>de</strong>niz<br />
said. "Despite that, I received no<br />
help from officials in my efforts to find<br />
the whereabouts of my father and others."<br />
Ak<strong>de</strong>niz gave the list of other mis~ing<br />
people as follows: Mehm<strong>et</strong> Senf<br />
Avar. Hasan Avar. Nusr<strong>et</strong>tin Yerlikaya,<br />
Celil Aydoldu. Turan Demir. Abdo<br />
Yamak. Cefil.Simsek. ~ahin ~talay,'<br />
Recep Tutu~, (J'mit Ta~. Ak<strong>de</strong>Olz says<br />
he is afraid to r<strong>et</strong>urn to his village and,<br />
instead, is staying in Diyarbakir for the<br />
time being.<br />
He ad<strong>de</strong>d that he was worried about<br />
his father's life and is waiting for an explanation<br />
from officials.<br />
DIYARBAklR/ANKARA- The<br />
outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party<br />
(PKK) on Tuesday or<strong>de</strong>red the closure<br />
of all "educational institutions"<br />
in the southeast region, warning that<br />
it would place "violators 'of the ban"<br />
. among its targ<strong>et</strong>s.<br />
In a statement it issued in Di¥arbakif,<br />
the PKK Armed ProvlDcial<br />
Command said the <strong>de</strong>cision was taken<br />
in protest of official policies.<br />
It accused Turkish educational institutions<br />
of spreading state propa$anda<br />
and said thatto mark the anmversary<br />
of its struggle, the organization<br />
would now place violators of its ban<br />
among "revolutionary targ<strong>et</strong>s."<br />
Vn<strong>de</strong>r this new ban, school buildings,<br />
teachers and even stu<strong>de</strong>nts<br />
wilfbecome targ<strong>et</strong>s for the organization.<br />
Over Il,000 people, including<br />
hundreds of innocent women and<br />
children, have been killed in the past<br />
nine years of the PKK's armed campaign<br />
for self-rule in the region.<br />
A.F.P. - Agence France Presse-A.F.P. - Agence France Presse-A.F.P. - Agence France Presse-A.F.P. - Agence France Press<br />
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REvuE DE PRESSE-PRESS REvIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RMSTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASlN ÖZETi<br />
A.F.P. - Agence France Presse - A.F.P. - Agence France Presse - A.F.P. - Agence France Presse - A.F.P. - Agence France Press<br />
FRA0473 4 I 0207 RFA IAFP-GRS8<br />
Al1emagn(;?-hur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
L'Allemagne m<strong>et</strong> en gar<strong>de</strong> le PKK centre <strong>de</strong>s actions violentes<br />
BERLIN, 1er déc (AFP) - L'Allemagne a mis sévèrement en gar<strong>de</strong> mercredi le<br />
Parti <strong>de</strong>s Travailleurs du Kurdistan (PhK) centre toute attaque contre ~~~<br />
intérêts, alors que <strong>de</strong>s actIons <strong>de</strong> soutien aux séparatistes kur<strong>de</strong>s se<br />
poursuivaient dans le pays.<br />
ilL. 'emplcli <strong>de</strong> la vicJlence con tt'e <strong>de</strong>s f'.11emal.,ds, ici CHA à l'étr::lngcr,nc~<br />
sera pas acceptée", a prévenu le ministre <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur Manfred hanther lors<br />
d 'lHlec:otlfér<strong>et</strong>lce<strong>de</strong> presse ;:~B<strong>et</strong>'lin. Il Nou!:irépondrons dl~rE~mE!ntil t.ct4b? Fc;:--:-:-:.::'<br />
<strong>de</strong> vicJJ.ence<strong>de</strong> la part du P~\J(II, a-t-il ajcut.é.<br />
Vendredi, le PKh avait affirmé <strong>de</strong>puis <strong>Paris</strong> que son jnterdi~ticn en<br />
AIIE?magne le même jOl~r allait provoquer ilIa colèt'£'du pf:,'uplE:\ kurds,1ICCJnt.r'c'<br />
"l'Al:lE:~magne€~t le~-:ïintéF'éts ill.lE!mands".<br />
M. Kanther n souligné que la police alleman<strong>de</strong> ~cuvait déci<strong>de</strong>r à tout<br />
moment d'effectuer à nouveau <strong>de</strong>s perquisitions dans les locaux d'associations<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s. en Allemagne, comme cela a été le cas vendredi.<br />
Plusieurs dizaines <strong>de</strong> hur<strong>de</strong>s ont continué mercredi à occuper divers<br />
centres culturels ou maisons d'édition kur<strong>de</strong>s interdits par les autcrit6s<br />
alleman<strong>de</strong>s, à Dusseldorf (ouest), Brême (nord), Fribourg (sud), Stuttgart<br />
(sud) <strong>et</strong> Ulm (sud).<br />
)/.1.. f Imb/mfo<br />
AFP 011826 .DEC 93<br />
A.F.P. - Agence France Presse-A.F.P. - Agence France Presse-A.F.P. - Agence France Presse-A.F.P. - Agence France Press<br />
FRA0501 4 GI 0141 FRA IAFP-GW84<br />
Ft'ance-hur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
Création d'un comité <strong>de</strong> soutien en faveur d'un <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s mis en examen à <strong>Paris</strong>.<br />
GRENOBL.E, 1er déc (AFP) - L~ comité <strong>de</strong> soutien s'est mis en place à<br />
Saint-Martin-le-Vinoux (Isère), à l'appel <strong>de</strong> la CGT, en faveur d'un <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
mis en examen à <strong>Paris</strong> à l'issue d'une opération <strong>de</strong> police le 18 novembre,<br />
a-t-on appris mercredi auprès du syndicat •.<br />
Youssouf Celik, 52 ans, résidant à Saint-Martin-le-Vinoux, près do<br />
Gr<strong>et</strong>lClb.le,<strong>et</strong> sYtldiqué à la CGT, est "tm m:il.itantkurdc~ <strong>et</strong>~ non un t.error'istE'.<br />
Pourquoi est-il détenu pour une activité menée au grand jour?"~ s'est <strong>de</strong>mandée<br />
Monique Bureau, secrétaire <strong>de</strong> l'Union départementale <strong>de</strong> la CGT.<br />
Le comité <strong>de</strong> soutien, créé mardi soir, regroupe notamment le MRAP, le PCF,<br />
la LeR, les Refondateurs communistes, l'union locale <strong>de</strong> la CFDT <strong>et</strong> la Ligue<br />
<strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'Homme en Iran.<br />
ajb/jpb/l11s<br />
AFP 011850 DEC 93<br />
INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRmUNE, DECEMBER 1, 1993<br />
2 Kurdish Groups Banned inFranœ<br />
pAlOS (Reuten) - Fraoce, in I. joint crackdown with OermaDy,<br />
blued two lCurdiIb poupI Oll TUeeday that it Slid were front orpdizatiODs<br />
for the . K.Urdish Worbls Party.<br />
Interior ~ Qarles Puqua said the t bid cIiiiIoIwcl<br />
the K.untiIta ('1'IIIIMÎft_ and the F~tan Cultural<br />
~tinnt ad hIDoâc Worten. fie Slid the lfOUPI were the leaal<br />
front of the. K.anIiIh Worten Party '.'wbidl in FI'IDCe, al in ot6r:r<br />
........... ClOIIIltrieiI, carriea out terrorist or çrimiDal actions wbidl we<br />
CIIIIlot ... Oll _ .taritory."<br />
6
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA<br />
STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />
Nouveaux raids<br />
aériens turcs dans<br />
le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak<br />
Forte <strong>de</strong> l'appui <strong>de</strong> l'Occi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
dans la guerre qu'elle mène<br />
contre le PKK, la Turquie a<br />
relancé l'offensive contre les<br />
rebelles kur<strong>de</strong>s dans le nord <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Irak. L'aviation turque a ainsi bombardé<br />
lundi <strong>de</strong>s régions du nord <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Irak à \a frontière turque dans une<br />
série <strong>de</strong> raids contre <strong>de</strong>s rebelles<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> Turquie qui "s'apprêtaient<br />
à <strong>de</strong>s actions" sur le territoire turc,<br />
ont indiqué <strong>de</strong>s sources militaires à<br />
Ankara. En Irak, <strong>de</strong>s habitants du village<br />
kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Hisan, non loin <strong>de</strong> la<br />
frontière turque, ont confirmé ces<br />
informations, en précisant que les<br />
opérations militaires turques avaient<br />
fait <strong>de</strong>s victimes parmi les civils<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> la région; <strong>de</strong>ux personnes<br />
auraient été tuées <strong>et</strong> treize autres<br />
blessées lors du bombar<strong>de</strong>ment <strong>de</strong><br />
leur village, qui n'abritait pas <strong>de</strong> base<br />
du PKK, par quatre avions <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s<br />
hélicoptères turcs.<br />
Hormis ces "bavures", qu'il<br />
ont d'ailleurs démenties, les militaires<br />
turcs n'ont pu communiquer<br />
aucun bilan d'éventuelles victimes<br />
dans les rangs du PKK. Les raids <strong>de</strong><br />
lundi visaient 9 objectifs dans les<br />
zones <strong>de</strong> Mezi, Karya<strong>de</strong>ri, Sinji <strong>et</strong><br />
Shivi, en territoire irakien, qui<br />
auraient tous été détrults selon eux;<br />
Les opérations se seraient poursuivies<br />
pendant cinq heures pendant<br />
lesquelles les avions turcs ont fait 16<br />
sorties contre les rebelles du PKK.<br />
Démentant les informations selon<br />
lesquelles <strong>de</strong>s civils kur<strong>de</strong>s irakiens<br />
auraient été touchés par ces raids,<br />
les militaires ont précisé qu'aucune<br />
localité civile ne se trouve à moins <strong>de</strong><br />
4 km <strong>de</strong>s objectifs bombardés <strong>et</strong> que<br />
les dirigeants kur<strong>de</strong>s ont été informés<br />
à l'avance <strong>de</strong>s opérations <strong>de</strong><br />
l'aviation.<br />
Après avoir obtenu le<br />
consensus <strong>de</strong> l'Occi<strong>de</strong>nt, <strong>et</strong> particulièrement<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'Allemagne, sur le<br />
PKK, au nom <strong>de</strong> la lutte "anti-terroriste",<br />
les autorités d'Ankara se sont<br />
lancées dans une vaste offensive<br />
diplomatique afin <strong>de</strong> convaioore les<br />
voisins <strong>de</strong> la Turquie, la Syrie, l'Iran<br />
<strong>et</strong> le Kurdistan irakien, <strong>de</strong> coopérer<br />
contre le PKK, ou du moins <strong>de</strong> ne<br />
pas servir <strong>de</strong> base arrière pour les<br />
rebelles kur<strong>de</strong>s. Ankara avait ainsi<br />
appelé début novembre les Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
d'Irak à respecter leurs engage-<br />
[ gamk - 1er décembre 1993 ]<br />
ments donnés à l'issue d'une opération<br />
d'envergure <strong>de</strong> l'armée turque<br />
dans le nord irakien contre le PKK en<br />
automne, sur la présence du PKK<br />
dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak, sous contrôle<br />
<strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s irakiens. La Turquie<br />
avait exigé que ces mesures soient<br />
"prises par les forces qui tiennent le<br />
nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak sous leur contrôle afin<br />
le PKK <strong>de</strong> s'y réinstaller". Le "gouvernement<br />
kur<strong>de</strong> irakien avait pour<br />
sa part démenti l'existence <strong>de</strong> bases<br />
du PKK dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak.<br />
Libération - l er décembre 1993<br />
SECURITE<br />
Le gouvernement dissout<br />
<strong>de</strong>ux associations kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
((Cesfaça<strong>de</strong>s légales du PKK" se livreraient<br />
c(à <strong>de</strong>s actions <strong>de</strong> caractère terroriste ou délictuel".<br />
Deux semaines après la rafle tou- Pasqua a refusé tout lien entre les décichant<br />
les membres présumés en sions françaises <strong>et</strong> les interdictions<br />
France du Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du «anti-PKK» annoncées vendredi par<br />
Kurdistan, ce mardi, Charles Pasqua a les autorités alleman<strong>de</strong>s. na déclaré que<br />
voulu à sa manière boucler le dossier lesuj<strong>et</strong>avaitétéabordéltmdi,lorsd'une<br />
policier <strong>de</strong> l'affaire. A sa <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>, le rencontre à huis clos entre ministres <strong>de</strong><br />
Conseil <strong>de</strong>s ministres d'hier matin a l'Intérieur européens, où l'on s'est pendissous<br />
par décr<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux importantes as- ché entre autres sur« lesmenaces <strong>de</strong> tersociations<br />
présentées par le ministre <strong>de</strong> rorisme» <strong>et</strong> où le ministre français a<br />
l'Intérieur comme «<strong>de</strong>s faça<strong>de</strong>s lé- «proposé à bref délai un programmtl<br />
gales du PKK qui, en France comme opérationnel».<br />
dans d'autres pays d'Europe, se livre Cinq avocats <strong>de</strong>s 24 Kur<strong>de</strong>s mis en<br />
à <strong>de</strong>s actions <strong>de</strong> caractère terroriste ou examen ag,rès la rafle du 18 novembre<br />
délictwl., ns' agit du Comité du Kur - ont mimifesté hier leur étonnement en<br />
distan <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la Fédération <strong>de</strong>s associa- apprenant l'interdiction <strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>ux assotions<br />
culturelles <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs pa- ciations. «On estpassé d'un délit <strong>de</strong> sotriotes<br />
du Kurdistan en France, lidarité à un délit äopinion». s'est ex-<br />
Yekkom-Kurdistan, ainsi que <strong>de</strong> sept clamé Me Stéphane Maugendre. Avec<br />
comités appartenant à c<strong>et</strong>te <strong>de</strong>rnière, ses collègues, Daniel Jacoby, Christine<br />
qui rentreraient :>US les coups <strong>de</strong> la loi Martineau, William Boudon, Chris<strong>de</strong><br />
janvier 1936 sur les groupes <strong>de</strong> com- tophe Voituriez, ils ont voulu exprimer<br />
bat <strong>et</strong> les milices privées. leur désarroi <strong>de</strong>vant une affaire judi-<br />
Dans une conférence <strong>de</strong> presse tenue ciaire où, selon eux, «il n'y a rien inhier<br />
après-midi, <strong>et</strong> sans rentrer dans les dividuellement dans les dossiers qui<br />
détails <strong>de</strong>s charges r<strong>et</strong>enues contre les justifie ['incrimination d'association<br />
<strong>de</strong>ux associations (maisénurnérantplu- <strong>de</strong> malfaiteurs ~n relation avec une ensieurs<br />
actes commis contre <strong>de</strong>s intérêts treprise terroriste ».<br />
turcs en France <strong>et</strong> attribués au PKK), Ezzat Dere, responsable du Comité du<br />
Charles Pasqua a défini pour l'avenir Kl1rdistan à <strong>Paris</strong>, s'est insurgé contre<br />
les limites <strong>de</strong>s activités qui seront per- la dissolution d'associations qui n'aumises<br />
aux 60 000 Kur<strong>de</strong>s résidant sur le raient jamais mené «<strong>de</strong>s activités qui<br />
territoire. «Lïmmensemajoritéd'entre violent la Constitnlion <strong>et</strong> la loi franeux<br />
n'aspirent qu'à s'intégrer à la corn- çaises». C<strong>et</strong>te décision ne serait qu' «un<br />
munautéfrançaise, <strong>et</strong> c'.est aussi notre ordre du gouvernement turc aux gouvœu.<br />
De multiples associations kur<strong>de</strong>s vernements européens». Les <strong>de</strong>œ. asexistent<br />
qui ont unobj<strong>et</strong> culturel. Il n'est sociations <strong>de</strong>vraient se pourvoir <strong>de</strong>vant<br />
pas question <strong>de</strong> les interdire.» Charles le tribunal administratif. N. A.<br />
7
Le gouvernement français interdit<br />
<strong>de</strong>s associations kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
Indignation<br />
Le Comité <strong>de</strong> défense <strong>de</strong>s<br />
libert,s <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong><br />
l'homme a fait hier soir la<br />
déclaràtion suivante: .. La<br />
dissolution <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux<br />
associations kur<strong>de</strong>s décidée .<br />
par le gouvernement français<br />
- après les mesures<br />
semblables prises par les<br />
autorités alleman<strong>de</strong>s -<br />
suscite une vive indignation<br />
chez toutes celles <strong>et</strong> ceux qui<br />
sont attachés au respect <strong>de</strong>s<br />
libertés <strong>et</strong> aux principes<br />
démocratiques qui font d'un<br />
pays un Etat <strong>de</strong> droiL<br />
Le Comité <strong>de</strong> défense <strong>de</strong>s<br />
libertés <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong><br />
l'homme condamne ces<br />
décisions prises pour <strong>de</strong>s<br />
raisons inavouables, au<br />
premier rang <strong>de</strong>squelles les<br />
ventes d'armes <strong>et</strong> la<br />
fructueuse coopération<br />
militaire avec le régime<br />
d'Ankara, alors que ce <strong>de</strong>rnier<br />
mène une sanglante<br />
répression contre le peuple<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>, auquel nous<br />
réaffirmons toute notre<br />
solidarité. Le gouvernement<br />
français doit revenir sur ces<br />
décisions. Il<br />
• Azad Dere, responsable du<br />
comité du Kurdistan, a déclaré<br />
: « Cela fait suite à la<br />
réunion <strong>de</strong>s ministres <strong>de</strong> la<br />
Justice <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Douze, Cela répond à une <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong><br />
du gouvernement turc,<br />
l'Allemagne a répondu<br />
d'abord, pUIS la France. Nous<br />
faisons ap{lC1 à la justice <strong>et</strong><br />
aux orgamsations démocratiques<br />
pour qu'eHes s'é~èvent<br />
contre ce geste qui va à l'encontre<br />
<strong>de</strong> la Constitution française<br />
car nous n'avons rien fait<br />
d'illégal. »<br />
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L'HUMANITE/MERCREDllef DECEMBRE 1993<br />
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Décloration <strong>de</strong> III CGT<br />
Solidaire d'un peuple en lutte<br />
La CGT a fait hier la<br />
déclaration<br />
• suivante:<br />
« Le gouvernement <strong>de</strong><br />
Turquie a obtenu <strong>de</strong>s Etats<br />
européens un soutien dars<br />
sa répression violente<br />
contre le peuple kur<strong>de</strong>. En<br />
eff<strong>et</strong>, après que'Je ministre<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur eut organisé<br />
une vaste opération <strong>de</strong><br />
contrôles <strong>et</strong> d'arrestations<br />
parmi les dirigeants <strong>et</strong> les<br />
sympathisants '<strong>de</strong>s<br />
associations kur<strong>de</strong>s en<br />
France, le gouvernement<br />
<strong>de</strong> la RFA a interdit<br />
35 organisations<br />
associatives <strong>et</strong> culturelles<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s en Allemagne sous<br />
prétexte <strong>de</strong> soutien <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />
participation à <strong>de</strong>s'actes<br />
terroristes. Hier, le<br />
gouvernement français<br />
annonçait l'interdiction <strong>de</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong>ux associations kur<strong>de</strong>s.<br />
La coïnci<strong>de</strong>nce <strong>de</strong> ces<br />
mesures <strong>de</strong> répression, la<br />
satisfaction exprimée suite<br />
à celles-ci par le<br />
gouvernement d'Ankara<br />
témoignent d'un accord<br />
politique qui fait <strong>de</strong>s Etats<br />
européens les complices<br />
<strong>de</strong>s souffrances <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s<br />
massacres <strong>de</strong>s populations<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s, en contrepartie<br />
d'échanges commerciaux,<br />
notamment d'armes. C<strong>et</strong>te<br />
sitUation intervient à l'heure<br />
où la cause du peuple<br />
kur<strong>de</strong> r<strong>et</strong>ient l'attention <strong>et</strong><br />
la sympathie d'une fraction<br />
importante <strong>de</strong> l'opinion<br />
publique, grâce à l'action<br />
militante <strong>et</strong> opiniâtre <strong>de</strong>s<br />
réfugiés <strong>et</strong> immigrés<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s ainsi que <strong>de</strong> leurs<br />
associations. La CGT, qui<br />
condamne tout acte<br />
terroriste <strong>et</strong> agit pour le<br />
règlement <strong>de</strong>s conflits par<br />
les négociations, ne saurait<br />
faire l'amalgame entre<br />
ceux qui luttent pour la<br />
reconnaissance <strong>de</strong> leurs<br />
droits, y compris celui <strong>de</strong><br />
l'autodétermination, <strong>et</strong> ceux<br />
qui prônent la violence pour<br />
la violence. De même, elle<br />
ne saurait se taire lorsque<br />
sans aucune preuve on<br />
accuse <strong>de</strong> terrorisme <strong>de</strong>s<br />
personnalités <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s<br />
associations. L'Histoire<br />
n"us l'enseigne <strong>et</strong><br />
l'actualité la plus récente<br />
en donne encore la<br />
preuve: un peuple qui lutte<br />
pour sa culture, son<br />
i<strong>de</strong>ntité, pour sa terre, doit<br />
être entendu. La CGT<br />
entend manifester sa<br />
solidarité totale aux<br />
dirigeants <strong>et</strong> militants<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s vivant en France<br />
ainsi qu'à leurs familles.<br />
Elle exige du<br />
gouvernement français qu'il<br />
libère les militants encore<br />
détenus, suspen<strong>de</strong> toute<br />
mesure d'expulsion,<br />
rappelle Ankara au<br />
respect <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong><br />
l'homme <strong>et</strong> favorise<br />
l'ouverture <strong>de</strong> véritables<br />
négociations, seules<br />
mesures pouvant arrêter la<br />
violence <strong>de</strong> part <strong>et</strong> d'autre.<br />
Pleinement partie prenante<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'appel <strong>de</strong> nombreuses<br />
associations au<br />
rassemblement du jeudi<br />
2 décembre à 18 h 30,<br />
place <strong>de</strong> la République à<br />
<strong>Paris</strong>, la CGT invite ses<br />
organisations à sensibiliser<br />
les salariés <strong>et</strong> à<br />
faire exprimer<br />
massivement la solidarité<br />
en participant à ce<br />
rassemblement. »<br />
Les avocats dénoncent une<br />
« opération politique »<br />
« fit <strong>de</strong> solidarité,<br />
NOS clients étaient<br />
ursuivis pour dé-<br />
maintenant, on peut carrément<br />
parler <strong>de</strong> délit d'opinion. »<br />
C'est M' Mangin qUI parle. Il<br />
vient d'apprendre 9ue le Conseil<br />
<strong>de</strong>s ministres a <strong>de</strong>cidé d'interdire<br />
le Comité du Kurdistan <strong>et</strong><br />
les vingt-trois associations kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
regroupées dans la Fédération<br />
<strong>de</strong>s associations culturelles<br />
<strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du Kurdistan.<br />
La nouvelle est tombée au beau<br />
milieu <strong>de</strong> la conference <strong>de</strong> presse<br />
donnée hier par les avocats <strong>de</strong>s<br />
vingt-quatre Kur<strong>de</strong>s mis en examen<br />
après la rafle policière <strong>de</strong><br />
la semaine <strong>de</strong>rnière. Vingt sont<br />
incarcérés, <strong>de</strong>ux font l'obj<strong>et</strong><br />
d'un arrêté d'expulsion, dont<br />
uoo, Rojine Ayaz, est assignée à<br />
rési<strong>de</strong>nce dans les Deux-Sèvres.<br />
D'entrée <strong>de</strong> jeu, M' Jacoby,<br />
prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong> la Fédération internationale<br />
<strong>de</strong>s ligues <strong>de</strong> droit<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'homme, donnait le ton :<br />
« Nous sommes en présence<br />
d'une affaire politico-juridique.<br />
Une fois <strong>de</strong> plus, le pouvoir se<br />
sert <strong>de</strong> la justice pour réaliser<br />
une opération politique. » Selon<br />
lui, la principale raison <strong>de</strong> la<br />
rafle est à chercher dans le fait<br />
que la France est aujourd'hui le<br />
premier exportateur vers la<br />
Turquie. M' Jacoby s'indigne du (( cynisme<br />
» <strong>de</strong> la France, qui recommence<br />
(( Il y a trois semaines,<br />
le ministre <strong>de</strong> la Défense,<br />
M. Léotard, a réalisé un fructueux<br />
contrat <strong>de</strong> vente d'armes<br />
à Ankara. Dans c<strong>et</strong>te affaire, la<br />
France était en concurrence<br />
avec d'autres Kur<strong>de</strong>s a été pays. La rafle <strong>de</strong>s<br />
la cerise sur le gâteau.<br />
»<br />
qu'elle a « avec fait la Turquie autrefois ce<br />
avec<br />
l'Irak <strong>de</strong> Saddam Hussein ». Il<br />
dénonce les métho<strong>de</strong>s utilisées :<br />
(( Des journalistes avaient été<br />
prévenus avant l'opération. Le<br />
journal turc (( Hurriyt » du<br />
20 novembre publiait <strong>de</strong>s extraits<br />
du rapport <strong>de</strong> la DST qui<br />
avait servi ration. <strong>de</strong> Un base à rapport toute l'opération.<br />
qualifié<br />
d'ultra-secr<strong>et</strong>, que le PKK qui s'apprêtait annonçait<br />
à assassiner<br />
un diplomate turc <strong>et</strong> à enlever<br />
un journaliste en France.<br />
Le 27 novembre, le même journal<br />
annonçait que la France allait<br />
rem<strong>et</strong>tre six membres du<br />
PKK à la Turquie <strong>et</strong> publiait<br />
leurs noms. On a aussi photocopié<br />
<strong>de</strong>s ( preuves» qu'on a remises<br />
à certains journaux :<br />
« France-Soir une facture censée » a ainsi prouver publié<br />
qu'il<br />
y avait eu un rack<strong>et</strong>, mais<br />
c'était en réalité une note <strong>de</strong><br />
blanchisserie. »<br />
A son tour, M' Martineau révèle<br />
que <strong>de</strong>s documents concernant<br />
<strong>de</strong>s personnes protégées<br />
par la Convention <strong>de</strong> Genève<br />
sur les réfugiés ont été livrées à<br />
la police turque <strong>et</strong> souligne la<br />
gravité d'une telle violation.<br />
M' Voituriez insiste sur le fait<br />
que les dossiers sont vi<strong>de</strong>s. Le<br />
seul chef d'inculpation qu'on ait<br />
trouvé est « association <strong>de</strong> malfaiteurs<br />
pour collecte <strong>de</strong> fonds<br />
au bénéfice d'une organisation<br />
terroriste ». Mais, s'indignent<br />
les avocats, au regard <strong>de</strong>s atrocités<br />
commises par l'armée turque<br />
au Kurdistan <strong>et</strong> qui n'ont<br />
fait que s'aggraver ces <strong>de</strong>rniers<br />
temps, n'est-il pas naturel que<br />
la communauté kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> France<br />
manifeste sa solidarité en versant<br />
aux collectes? « On vient<br />
<strong>de</strong> créer le délit <strong>de</strong> solidarité! »,<br />
s'exclame M' Mangin.<br />
En conclusion, M' Jacoby se<br />
déclare consterné par la décision<br />
du C9nseil <strong>de</strong>s ministres :<br />
«( Tou t cela est triste pour l'avenir<br />
<strong>de</strong>s libertés en France. Mais<br />
nous ne laisserons pas faire. Et<br />
nous espérons que les magistrats<br />
nous suivront <strong>et</strong> refuseront <strong>de</strong><br />
servir <strong>de</strong> bras à une telle opération<br />
politique. » F. G.-R.<br />
\0
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ- RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />
10<br />
By Elaine Sci6lino<br />
New York Times Service<br />
.. BRUSSELS - The United States is locked in a<br />
bitter dispute with Germany over Bonn's <strong>de</strong>termination<br />
to boost its economic and political ties with Iran<br />
and thwart Washington's campaign to isolate the<br />
Tehran regime, senior State Department officials said<br />
Wednesday.<br />
Both countries insist that ties b<strong>et</strong>ween the two.<br />
countries are exceptionally strong, and that Presi<strong>de</strong>nt',<br />
Bill Clinton and Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Helmut Kohl have a close i<br />
telationship. But the Iran issue is a major irritant, and.<br />
~ecr<strong>et</strong>ary of State Warren M. Christopher voiced his<br />
displeasure to Foreign Minister Klaus Kinkel during a •<br />
me<strong>et</strong>ing in Rome on Tuesday, the officials said. .<br />
With much fanfare at his first me<strong>et</strong>ing with Europe-<br />
~n Community foreign ministers in Luxembourg in<br />
June, Mr. Christopher announced an American-led<br />
,pitiative to squeeze Iran's economy and hait the sale<br />
of sophisticated technology that could be used for<br />
military purposes. Thè ministers agreed to study the<br />
matter, but most expressed little enthusiasm.<br />
At a press conference during a me<strong>et</strong>ing at the<br />
European Community headquarters in Brussels on<br />
Wednesday, Mr. Christopher said he "had a good<br />
discussion of the situation." Without naming any'<br />
country,. he essentially acknowledged that the initiative<br />
has thus far failed.<br />
Mf. Christopherad<strong>de</strong>d, "The United States continues<br />
to believe Iran is an outlaw nation resisting the<br />
Middle East peace process as well as being involved in<br />
terrorist actions in many countries around the world."<br />
Of other European communities, only Britain has'<br />
wholeheartedly embraced the American initiative,<br />
while Germany, France, Italy and Japan have traditionally<br />
voiced the strongest objections to any curb on<br />
their tra<strong>de</strong> with Iran.<br />
In recent months, Germany has begun to negotiate<br />
the restructuring of Iran's $5 billion in short-term ~ebt .<br />
to G~rman fiJiancial organs, a step that would substantially<br />
help Irari's troubled economy.<br />
Germany has obstructed attempts to limit Western<br />
tra<strong>de</strong> and investment with Tehran until it curbs ïts<br />
weapons buildup and ends its support for terrorism"<br />
and has pushed 'in international me<strong>et</strong>ings for less,<br />
pressure on Iran.<br />
What has most infuriated Washington is that senior<br />
Iranian officials have recently ma<strong>de</strong> official visits to<br />
Germany. When the head of Iran's intelligence and<br />
security services, Ali Fallahian Khuzestani, visited<br />
Bonn in September, he m<strong>et</strong> not only with German<br />
officials, but also with officials at Siemens AG, which<br />
had been building a nuclear reactor in Busheir during<br />
. the regimèQf Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi.<br />
The visft-'prompted Mr. Christopher to make a<br />
sharp protest in a me<strong>et</strong>ing shortly afterward with Mr.<br />
Kinkel.<br />
The Germans, however, see it differently. "The<br />
American position is not fair," said one senior German<br />
official involved in shaping the Iran policy. "The<br />
Americans are saying, 'These are the bad guys and be<br />
finished with them.' We are saying, 'These are the<br />
outcasts and isn't it b<strong>et</strong>ter to have a dialogue with<br />
. them.' We have a certain difference of approach based<br />
on practicality."<br />
The official ad<strong>de</strong>d thllt it was because of a "special<br />
relationship" with Iran that Germany wasable to act<br />
as a mediator to win the release of American hostages<br />
from Iran in 1980. And he insisted that Germany has<br />
. "the toughest legislation in all the world" to prevent'<br />
. the spread of militarily useful equipment.<br />
Part of the problem With Mr.Christopher's initia".<br />
tive is that the United States itself does not ban aU<br />
sales to Iran's military establishment. According to<br />
U.S. intelligence reports, Iran.has circumvented loqp-'<br />
holes in American laws by buying, through Europ~n'<br />
middlemen, American-ma<strong>de</strong> equipment that havel'o:<br />
, tential military ~~es, P~nta~on officials said.<br />
Le Figaro-I er décembre 1993<br />
Un message ferme<br />
aux activistes<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
Les organisations J'isées« sont <strong>de</strong>s faça<strong>de</strong>s<br />
du PKK », a déclaré Charles Pasqua.<br />
Charles Pasqua a <strong>de</strong>maridésocial ". Le regroupement fa<strong>et</strong><br />
obtenu hier du conseil <strong>de</strong>s milial sera mifUlx contrôlé <strong>et</strong><br />
ministres la dissolution <strong>de</strong> exc.lura toute forme <strong>de</strong> polyga<strong>de</strong>ux<br />
associations kur<strong>de</strong>s en mie <strong>et</strong> les reconduites à la<br />
'France. Il s'agit du Comité du frontière seront plus effi-<br />
Kurdistan <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la Fédération caces ", a souligné le ministrE:;<br />
<strong>de</strong>s associations culturelles. «La France luttera contre le<br />
<strong>de</strong>s travailleurs patriotes du travail clan<strong>de</strong>stin en démante-<br />
Kurdistan en France (" Yek- lant à .Ia base les réseaux .<strong>et</strong><br />
kom Kurdistan n). les filières qui amènent leslr8-'<br />
Ces associations dissoutes vailleurs, clan<strong>de</strong>stins en France<br />
« sont les faça<strong>de</strong>s légales du <strong>et</strong> en frappant très lour<strong>de</strong>ment,<br />
Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs. du Kur-. les employeurs responsab/~5:<br />
distan (PKK) qui se livre.à <strong>de</strong>s (... ). Tout cela serait inutile 'si<br />
actions <strong>de</strong> caractère terroriste la France ne cherchait pJ~'<br />
ou délictuel qu'il n'est pas pos- également à coopérer au dév~~<br />
sible <strong>de</strong>jolérer sur notre sol ", loppement <strong>de</strong>s pays en dit/i',<br />
a ~xpliqué un peu plus tard cuité ( ..) <strong>de</strong> l'autre côté <strong>de</strong> la',<br />
Gharle~ Pasqu.il; sQulignal}t Méditerranée ", a-t-il poursuivi.<br />
que ces décisions" ne sont en'-II a cependant admis pr~aucune<br />
façon dirigées contre cisé qu'il" faut lutter contre un<br />
le peuple kur<strong>de</strong> n dont "cha- amalgame déplorable qui peut<br />
cun sait les souf/raneés <strong>et</strong> les sé former (..•) ,dans l'esprit <strong>de</strong><br />
difficultés ".~' La réalité du certains <strong>de</strong> nos concftoyens, je.<br />
PKK, c'est aussi une pressiorr veux parler <strong>de</strong> l'amalgamé:<br />
constante pour extorquer <strong>de</strong>s entre les personnes d'origine<br />
fonds à la communauté maghrébine <strong>et</strong> la délin.<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>. " quance:n. Répondant à une<br />
question sur les intégristes en<br />
cc Paradis<br />
.'social Il<br />
France, M. Pasqua a indiqué<br />
qu'" un dispositif visant à<br />
contrôler les organisations in-,<br />
tégristes <strong>et</strong>. extrémistes n avait<br />
De son côté, le responsable été mis en place <strong>et</strong> qu'il avait<br />
du Comité du Kurdistan à Pa- "clairement mis en gar<strong>de</strong> les<br />
ris, Ezzat Dere,' a affirmé que intégristes .musulmans contre<br />
la décision <strong>de</strong> la France répon'- toute forme d'actions qui s'apdalt<br />
à un " ordre du gouverne- parenteraient au terrorisme ou<br />
ment turo. aux gouvernements qui viseraient à déstabiliser<br />
européens ". M. Dere estime <strong>de</strong>s pays avec lesql,Jels nous<br />
.que le$ <strong>de</strong>ux associations vi- entr<strong>et</strong>enons <strong>de</strong>s relations sui-<br />
_sées n'avaient «jamais exercé. vies d'Etatà Etar". " La stabi<strong>de</strong>s<br />
activités qui violent la Iité <strong>de</strong> ces pays à laquelle la<br />
constitûtion <strong>et</strong> la loi. France peut concourir (...) est<br />
françaises" <strong>et</strong> qu'elles exami. 'un facteur délerf'{linant, plus'<br />
naient la possibilité <strong>de</strong> «pré- particulièrement en Algérie'<br />
senter un recours n. (. . .). Notre intérêt est <strong>de</strong>'<br />
C'har'les. Pasqu" a par construire' un partenariat <strong>et</strong>'<br />
ailleurs péclaré hier dans. un d'éviter ainsi le scénario catasentr<strong>et</strong>ien<br />
publié par l'hebdoma- trophe ". .<br />
daire gou)/srnemental algérien .Evoquant enfin les pro-<br />
Algérie.actualité, que" le gou- blèmes <strong>de</strong> l'Islam en. France,<br />
vernement'français tout entier Charles Pasqua a ipdiqué q'ue<br />
.souhaite faire passer auprès "le principe <strong>de</strong> là laïcité <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la<br />
:<strong>de</strong>s peuples du Maghreb le séparation <strong>de</strong> l'Eglise <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />
message suivant: la France . l'Etat ne lui perm<strong>et</strong> pas, même<br />
:n'a plus,les moyens d'être une en sa qualité dé ministre <strong>de</strong>s.<br />
terre d'immigration n. Il a .. Cultes, <strong>de</strong> " s'immiscer dans,<br />
ajouté que là France allait l'organisa,lion <strong>de</strong> l'Islam en'<br />
;. renforcer ses moyens <strong>de</strong> France ". « En revanche (.)<br />
maîtrise <strong>de</strong> l'immigration" <strong>et</strong> j'appelle <strong>de</strong> mes vœux la forque<br />
ceUe action allait prendre-. malion d'imams qui soient au<br />
"<strong>de</strong>s formes diverses ". fait,<strong>de</strong> la vie nationale <strong>et</strong> qui,<br />
" Les 'immigrés en situation au-<strong>de</strong>là <strong>de</strong> l'enseignement <strong>de</strong><br />
irrégulière ne bénéficieront la religion, comprenrrent la saplus<br />
<strong>de</strong>s formes d'action sO'-ciété française, les princip.es<br />
ciale qui faisaient parfois <strong>de</strong> la laïcs <strong>et</strong> républicains, là France<br />
France une. sorte <strong>de</strong> ".paradis en définitive n. (AFP.)<br />
-----
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA<br />
STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZET;<br />
GENÈVE ~ CONCERT LE DAUPHINÉ LIBÉRÉ - 1ER DÉCEMBRE 1993<br />
Asie Mineure <strong>et</strong> Kurdistan<br />
Chants traditionnels kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>et</strong> anatoliens, salle Patino à Genève... la musique<br />
du cœur<br />
Appelons<br />
un saz... un saz <strong>et</strong> les<br />
musiciens, <strong>de</strong>s poètes. C'est en<br />
tout cas le premier compliment qui<br />
nous vient à l'esprit en suivant les<br />
arabesques <strong>de</strong> ce luth à manche long<br />
qu'est le saz, instrument roi <strong>de</strong>s<br />
bar<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> Turquie <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> Kurdistan.<br />
Les ateliers d'<strong>et</strong>hnomusicologie nous<br />
ont permis <strong>de</strong> le savourer à <strong>de</strong>ux<br />
reprises, au fil <strong>de</strong> traditions populaires<br />
l'autre soir, salle Patino à<br />
'Genève. Une première partie consacrée<br />
(le mot n'est pas trop fort) aux<br />
troubadours du plateau anatolien.<br />
Ozan FIrat (chant <strong>et</strong> saz), Mahmut<br />
Demir (kementché, cura, saz) font<br />
montre d'un grand professioMalisme<br />
qui ne dérange en rien l'atmosphère<br />
nostalgique du répertoire<br />
chanté. L'errance <strong>et</strong> l'amour sont<br />
dllSthèmes constants chez les AléYis<br />
<strong>de</strong> Turquie.<br />
La voix <strong>de</strong> l'interprète est admirablement<br />
placée avec <strong>de</strong>s étirements<br />
<strong>de</strong> circonRtance.<br />
Bel échange sonore avec le partenaire,<br />
maitre du kémentché.<br />
Superbe glissando <strong>de</strong> la vièle à pique<br />
au léger battu <strong>de</strong> doigts (on croirait<br />
entendre une flûte sahélieMe) faIsant<br />
vibrer les harmoniques avec<br />
volupté.<br />
Chant <strong>de</strong>s profon<strong>de</strong>urs.<br />
• Quand je suis sur la route, je ne me<br />
r<strong>et</strong>ourne pas, je vais tout droit. •<br />
Secon<strong>de</strong> partie du spectacle réservée<br />
aux Kur<strong>de</strong>s d'Iran.<br />
Charles Pasqua a été le premier à<br />
ouvrir les hostilités en annonçant en<br />
Conseil <strong>de</strong>s miÎÛstres la dissolution<br />
<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux associations kur<strong>de</strong>s, « le<br />
Comité du Kurdistan» <strong>et</strong> « Yekkom<br />
Kurdistan », la fédération <strong>de</strong>s<br />
associations culturelles <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs<br />
patriotes du Kurdistan en<br />
France. « Ces organisations, qui<br />
sont impliquées dans un certain<br />
nombre d'actes délictueux, expliquait<br />
Nicolas Sarkozy, le porte-parole<br />
du gouvernement, à la sortie du<br />
Conseil, étaient <strong>de</strong>s émanations du<br />
PKK. Il s'agit d'empêcher que <strong>de</strong><br />
telles organisations puissent agir sur<br />
notre territoire_ »<br />
c....... Il'...<br />
r, cIII... .... fleln<br />
LE QUOTIDIEN DE PARIS- 1 ER DÉCEMBRE 1993<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s : Pasqua maintient la pression<br />
PIL'IIe d'armes à distance, _ entre<br />
le lIIin&re <strong>de</strong> l'Int&ieur, ~<br />
Pa8qua, <strong>et</strong> les MOalts <strong>de</strong>s fUries<br />
du J'IŒ lIIis en examen poIW « ....<br />
dation <strong>de</strong> _l&öeurB en reIIdion<br />
avec une w(l<strong>et</strong>h& ta.... ~.<br />
De leur côté, les avocats <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s rongeaient leur frein en attendant<br />
que les journalistes viennent<br />
les voir à leur tour pour une<br />
conférence <strong>de</strong> presse prévue <strong>de</strong> longue<br />
date. Le moment venu, très<br />
remonté, maître Bourdon n'a pas<br />
mâché ses mots. « Il y a détournement<br />
<strong>de</strong> procédure, rageait-il, la<br />
rafle a eu lieu dans <strong>de</strong>s conditions<br />
indignes. Les journalistes étaient<br />
prévenus à l'avance, <strong>et</strong> il y a eu un<br />
battage publicitaire sur c<strong>et</strong>te opération<br />
avant, pendant <strong>et</strong> après.»<br />
« Elle répond d'ailleurs à une volonté<br />
claire <strong>de</strong> <strong>Paris</strong> <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> Bonn <strong>de</strong><br />
faire assaut <strong>de</strong> complaisance vis-àvis<br />
d'Ankara, poursuivait-il. Dans<br />
le dossier, il n'y a pas l'ombre d'une<br />
preuve qu'ils aient été mêlés au<br />
terrorisme »...<br />
Trois heures plus tard, <strong>de</strong> son<br />
ministère, place Beauvau. Charles<br />
Pasqua enfonce le clou, toujours<br />
sur la dissolution <strong>de</strong>s associations.<br />
« Ce sont les faça<strong>de</strong>s légales du<br />
Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du Kurdistan,<br />
explique-t-il encore, qui se livrent à<br />
,<strong>de</strong>s actions <strong>de</strong> caractère terroriste<br />
ou délictuel qu'il n'est pas possible<br />
<strong>de</strong> tolérer sur notre sol.» « Ces<br />
décisions, remarque-t-il cependant,<br />
en aucune façon ne sont dirigées<br />
contre le peuple kur<strong>de</strong> dont chacun<br />
sait les souffrances <strong>et</strong> les difficultés.<br />
»<br />
C<strong>et</strong>te <strong>de</strong>rnière remarque arrache<br />
iln sourire à William Bourdon. « Il<br />
~st temps qu'il le dise, ironise-t-il.<br />
\1ais après tout, c'est normal, le<br />
ministre <strong>de</strong>s Affaires étrangères allemand<br />
a dit la même chose il y a<br />
quarante-huit heures. Il s'aligne sur<br />
Bonn.»<br />
«La réalité du PKK, poursuit<br />
Charles Pasqua, c'est aussi une<br />
ShaalaAlam (longs cheveux, robe en Traditionnel mélancolique, habituel<br />
lamé, voix soft) <strong>et</strong> ses <strong>de</strong>ux accompa- dans c<strong>et</strong>te culture <strong>de</strong> feu perpétuelgnants<br />
(saz <strong>et</strong> ney) font le tour du lement blackboulée par le sort.<br />
répertoire populaire Kur<strong>de</strong> Iranien. Parfois la salle reprend le refrain.<br />
Chanson d'amour, chanson <strong>de</strong>s Une berceuse démarre comme un<br />
fleurs. alap <strong>de</strong> Bharata Natyam. Connotation<br />
mystique <strong>et</strong> plongée dans la vie<br />
sociale avec clin d' œil aux anciennes<br />
épopées <strong>de</strong> chevaliers sans pleurs<br />
<strong>et</strong>... sans reproches.<br />
J-P. BA_DE'EUF •<br />
pression constante accompagnée<br />
d'utilisations <strong>de</strong> moyens qui confi.<br />
nent à la terreur pour extorquer <strong>de</strong>s<br />
fonds à la communauté kur<strong>de</strong>.»<br />
«Il y a <strong>de</strong>s éléments, consent à<br />
reconnaître en écho maître Bourdon,<br />
qui attestent d'un réseau <strong>de</strong><br />
solidarité grâce à un système <strong>de</strong><br />
collecte. Mais les Kur<strong>de</strong>s mis en<br />
examen ne le sont pas pour rack<strong>et</strong><br />
... » Ce qui n'empêche pas le<br />
ministre <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur <strong>de</strong> dénoncer.<br />
« la création <strong>de</strong> véritables bases logistiques<br />
<strong>de</strong> soutien aux activités<br />
internationales du PKK qui se manifestent<br />
par l'organisation <strong>de</strong> mouvements<br />
d'immigration clan<strong>de</strong>stine,<br />
la confection <strong>de</strong> faux documents<br />
d'i<strong>de</strong>ntité ou <strong>de</strong>s enrôlements forcés<br />
dans <strong>de</strong>s actes <strong>de</strong> violence. »<br />
« On n'est pas obligé d'être d'accord<br />
avec l'idéologie <strong>et</strong> les métho<strong>de</strong>s<br />
du PKK, remarque à son tour<br />
William Bourdon, mais la cause<br />
kur<strong>de</strong> est une cause juste. » Ce que<br />
d'ailleurs personne, sauf les Turcs,<br />
~e conteste. Toct le problème est<br />
,finalement .<strong>de</strong> savoir si la cause<br />
justifie les moyens.<br />
Jean-Marie QUEMEN.<br />
11
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO<br />
DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
'------------------------------------------------'<br />
Turkish army reevaluates <strong>de</strong>fense industry projects<br />
10 SSM projects will be categorized according to their priority<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- Turkey's Office of the Chief of<br />
Staff is to reevaluate 10 <strong>de</strong>fense industry proje~ts<br />
which have been launched by the Defense Mimstry,<br />
officials said on Wednesday..<br />
Sources, who askp.dnot to be named, told TDN<br />
that the Military will prioritize the projects according<br />
to the mo<strong>de</strong>rnization needs of the Turkish<br />
Armed Forces and available budg<strong>et</strong> funds. The<br />
projécts were initiated and have so far been managed<br />
by the Un<strong>de</strong>rsecr<strong>et</strong>ariat for the Defense Industry<br />
(SSM) of the Defense Ministry. Officials<br />
say the SS.M will again be, given respon,sibility<br />
fo~the proJe~t~,once the Mllttary has <strong>de</strong>CI<strong>de</strong>don<br />
a hst of pnontles.<br />
. The projects un<strong>de</strong>r reevaluation are as follows:<br />
Multi launcher rock<strong>et</strong> system (MLRS) pro-<br />
4Itt: 12 MLRS vehicles and theiuock<strong>et</strong>s were<br />
~urcbase,
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RlVISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASlN ÖZETi<br />
Çiller says Britain to ban separatists<br />
Scotland Yard starts investigating PKK<br />
_ PKK asks Greece for political support during EU term presi<strong>de</strong>llcy _ French illterior mù,ister justifres clampdowll Oil PKK groups<br />
a crackdown in Gennany. "We had thé same prob- ment. The ban is against the French constl'tutl'on "<br />
TDN with wire dispatches Id' d " ,<br />
AN KARA- Prime Minister Tansu Çiller said ems,. an we carne out. an operatIOn agaInst Dere said.<br />
on Wednesday that Britain would soon impose a PKK supporters before Gennany did the same ... It<br />
ban on the outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Part" was ajoInt action by our police forces," Pasqua<br />
(PKK). J said. Gennany last Friday 6anned the PKK WhICh<br />
Speaking at the True Path Party (DYP) Gene. is fighting a separatist war for an in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt starai<br />
ExecutJ\'e Board (GIK) me<strong>et</strong>Ing, Çiller said te in southeastern Turkey, and the Cologne-based<br />
Kurdistan Committee.<br />
that following similar bans on the PKK by'Ger- Some of the Kurds un<strong>de</strong>r investigation in Franmany<br />
and France, other EUJopean countries wo- ce, 24 of whom were charged with terrorist consuld<br />
soon outlaw the PKK. piracy, had extorted money from Kurdish busines.<br />
Çiller disclosed that she had received a messa- ses in France, Pasqua said.<br />
ge from British Prime Minister John Major on Pasqua ad<strong>de</strong>d that France's move was not directhe<br />
issue, adding that the ban would be enforced ted against Kurdish people.<br />
in Britain in the near future. "We do not intend to emerge as si<strong>de</strong>s to the<br />
"Our shuttle diPlomacy will soon yield affir, conflicts b<strong>et</strong>ween Kurds and the governments of.<br />
mative results," (,:Jller said. the countries that they inhabit," he said.<br />
Meanwhile, in the wake of parallel action by Saying at least 60,000 Kurds lived in France<br />
France .and Gennany banning the ~~K, the or- and that the French felt sympath<strong>et</strong>ic towards<br />
ganizatlon has asked Greece for political support them, Pasqua disclosed that his governmentdid<br />
during its European Union tenn presi<strong>de</strong>ncy star- not intend to take action against Kurdish associatiting<br />
on Jan. I, 1994. ons that truly engaged in cultural activities. "Y<strong>et</strong><br />
An article by CemiI AsIan in the Greek dail) such sympathy must not blind us," he ad<strong>de</strong>d, "the<br />
Simera alleged Wednesday that all Greek politI- victims oI such terrorist activity are more often<br />
cal parties were agreed on extending political than not the Kurds themselves."<br />
support to the Kurdish cause. The interior minister said attempts to reorganize<br />
Asian, who i<strong>de</strong>ntified himself as an offici,al the two organizations would be punishable by prifrom<br />
the ERNK (the PKK's Popular Liberation son tenns ranging from six months to two years,<br />
Front) rerresentative office in Greece, qualified extradition, and the seizure of property.<br />
Gennany s ban and its subsequent <strong>de</strong>mand for ot- A similar statement was ma<strong>de</strong> on Wednesday<br />
her European Union members to follow suit as a by Gennan Interior Ministry Un<strong>de</strong>rsecr<strong>et</strong>ary Edunew<br />
inirrucal act targ<strong>et</strong>ing Kurdish people. ard Littner at a Bonn me<strong>et</strong>ing with visiting Turkish<br />
Parliament Deputy Speaker Mustafa Kalemli.<br />
Pasqua justifies PKK clampdown "Even if they dare reemerge un<strong>de</strong>r different na-<br />
FollOWIng France's ban on two Kurdish groups mes, we'll carryon our stru~gle against them,"<br />
named the Kurdistan Committee and the Fe<strong>de</strong>rati- Littner told Kalemli. Meanwhile, a spokesman for<br />
on of Kurdistan Cultural Associations and Patrio- the Kurdistan Committee, a mouthpiece for the<br />
tic Workers, French Interior Minister Charles Pas- PKK in France, <strong>de</strong>nied his group was a front for<br />
qua told a news me<strong>et</strong>ing Tuesday that they were the PKK.<br />
legal front organizations for the separatist PKK "We have no direct links with the PKK. The<br />
"which in France as in other European countries fact is that the PKK exists wherever there are Kurcarry<br />
out terrorist or criminal actIons which we dish people," Azad Dere said, "We simply tell pecannot<br />
tolerate on our territory." He.said the mo- ople abOut the repression that is going on in Turve,<br />
following the arrests earlier this month of 101 key-."<br />
Kurds in a nationwi<strong>de</strong> swoop. on suspected sup- 'The French government, like the Gennan goporters<br />
of the PKK, was impOsed in parallel with vernment, is trymg to ,please the Turkish go vern-<br />
London police probe alleged Turkish extortion<br />
In another <strong>de</strong>velopment, London police is reported<br />
to be .investigatin~ allegations of extortion<br />
and blackmaIl by the PKK and Dev-Sol (Revolutionary<br />
Left), an outlawed leftist organization with<br />
operationallink, to the PKK, Scotland Yard said<br />
on Tuesday.<br />
A special unit was s<strong>et</strong> up earlier this month to<br />
this effect after a spate of complaints from Londoners<br />
of Turkish or Kurdish origin that "terrorist"<br />
groups were blackmaili~g them, a spokesman sa-<br />
Id. Seven men of Turkish or Kurdish origin had<br />
been arrested and charged with offences related to<br />
alleged extortion or blackmail in the past two<br />
months, he said. He could give no <strong>de</strong>tails as the<br />
men were awaiting trial.<br />
. "I. can confinn that th~re is a special unit for<br />
victIms of alleged extortion and/or blackmail in<br />
Turkish and Kurdish communities," he said. The<br />
unit was op,erating in Stoke Newington, north<br />
London, which has a large Turkish community.<br />
P?Ii~e have s<strong>et</strong> up a .h?t line telephone number for<br />
victIms: BBC te!evlsl~n ~eported Tuesday night<br />
that police were InvestIgatIng up to 30 allegations<br />
of extortion in London's Turkisl1lKurdish community.<br />
.<br />
The PKK and Dev-Sol have been linked to recent<br />
bombings in London of Turkish targ<strong>et</strong>s including<br />
banks and airline offices.<br />
'<br />
Belgian 'Le Soir'<br />
In an analysis of France's ban on the PKK-linked<br />
organization, the Belgian daily Le Soir said<br />
Kurds s<strong>et</strong>tled in France were themselves responsible<br />
for what has happened.<br />
"Kurdish-origin terrorists in Europe paved the<br />
way for what was <strong>de</strong>stined to happen, by attacking<br />
Turkish interests throughout Europe," it said.<br />
The paper ad<strong>de</strong>d that representatives of the Belgium-based<br />
Kurdistan Committee had come to accept<br />
that acts of violence directed towards Turkish<br />
representative offices were the result of a mistaken<br />
policy.<br />
Ankara <strong>de</strong>nies bor<strong>de</strong>r tra<strong>de</strong> with Iraq to be revived soon<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- Ankara on Wednesday <strong>de</strong>nied press<br />
reports claiming it was about to revive lucrative<br />
bor<strong>de</strong>r tra<strong>de</strong> b<strong>et</strong>ween Turkey and northern Iraq.<br />
Turkish Foreign Ministry Spokesman Ferhat<br />
Ataman said dunng the ministry's weekly press<br />
bri~fing that no <strong>de</strong>cision had been ma<strong>de</strong> regarding<br />
the resumption of cheap Iraqi oil imports by<br />
Turkish trucks.<br />
Iraq has agreed to abi<strong>de</strong> by U.N. Security Council<br />
Resolution 715 on the long-tenn control of<br />
weapons of mass <strong>de</strong>struction, Ataman explained,<br />
which has opened up discussions regardIng the<br />
possibility of Iraq resuming<br />
"However, this <strong>de</strong>pends<br />
its oil exports.<br />
entirely on Iraq's<br />
compliqnce with Resolution 715. U.N. officials<br />
have to see the extent to which Iraq does comply<br />
with the resolution," Ataman said, adding that<br />
this could take as long as six months.<br />
Ataman ad<strong>de</strong>d meanwhile, that compliance<br />
with Resolution 715 did not mean that the entire<br />
embargo on Iraq would be lifted.<br />
"ThiS <strong>de</strong>pends<br />
Iraqi recognition<br />
on 'other prerequisites<br />
of the Kuwaiti bor<strong>de</strong>r,<br />
such as<br />
and the<br />
r<strong>et</strong>urn of Kuwaiti war prisoners," the spokesman<br />
said.<br />
Turkish aid to northern Iraq<br />
Meanwhile, Ataman said on Nov. 10, total Turkish<br />
aid to norlhern Iraq slood at 5,181 tons, of<br />
which 1,587 tons have already been distributed.<br />
He said that 2,386 tons of food aid had been<br />
sent to the town of Erbil, of which 597 tons have<br />
been distributed to some 64,000 people, while<br />
1,906 tons of aid have left for Süleymani)'e. Of<br />
this, 658 tons have been distributed to some<br />
89,000 people.<br />
Meanwhile, 41,000 people in the region of 00-<br />
huk have received 339 tons of the 888 tons earmarked<br />
for the region.<br />
Aid to Azerbaijan<br />
Turkey has continued sending aid to the two refugee<br />
camps in Azerbaijan, Ataman said. A third<br />
consignment of goods IS to leave for the region<br />
today. .<br />
Turkish aid to the camps inclu<strong>de</strong>s 20,000 blank<strong>et</strong>s,<br />
2,300 tenls, 3,500 water tankers, 200 water<br />
purifiers and unspecified quantities of clothing<br />
and medicine.<br />
13
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
=~Ie immlll1an gizIi protokolü 8ÇIkllyoruz_.:<br />
Tarihi uzlasma<br />
Historic agreement<br />
with Syria<br />
HÜRRIYET said that a secr<strong>et</strong> protocol was signed<br />
b<strong>et</strong>WeenTurkey and Syria in Ankara on Nov.20. With<br />
this historic agreement, Syria admitted for the first<br />
time that the PKK (outlawed Kurdistan Workers'<br />
Party) is a terrorist organization. The protocol was<br />
signed by Turkish Security Director General Mehm<strong>et</strong><br />
AQar and Syrian Interior Minister Gen .. Sadr AI<br />
Hassan, who heads the country's secr<strong>et</strong> services. If it<br />
g<strong>et</strong>s implemented, Syria will not harbor the PKK on<br />
its soil anymore and r<strong>et</strong>urn PKK lea<strong>de</strong>r ,Abdullah<br />
"Apo. Öcalan to Turkey immediately if he is caught.<br />
Saddam's message to Ciller<br />
CUMHURIYET said that Iraqi lea<strong>de</strong>r ~addam<br />
Hussein has assured Prime Minister Tansu Çiller that<br />
the Iraqi government forces would not attack the<br />
Kurdish population in the northern part of the country<br />
if the Turkey-based Poised Hammer Force (offi~ially<br />
known as Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort) leàve~jSaddam's:me%<br />
sage is in the vein of: "ThEi.j{iiJ(uk-Yufnurtalik p,iR8line<br />
(closed since the Gulf War) must be reopened. The<br />
Poised Hammer force, which contributes to the<br />
establishment of a Kurdish state in northern Iraq,<br />
must go. Iraq has fulfilled most of the conditions put<br />
forth to have the United Nations embargo lifted. The<br />
embargo is damaging Turkey too. L<strong>et</strong> us start bilateral<br />
talks. A Kurdish state to be established in northern<br />
Iraq would be a threat to the national security of both<br />
Turkey and Iraq. l<strong>et</strong> us conclu<strong>de</strong> an agreement and<br />
move to.g<strong>et</strong>heron this issue."<br />
A.F.P. - Agence France Presse - A.F.P. - Agence France Presse - A.F.P. - Agence France Presse - A.F.P. - Agence France Press<br />
FRAOil1 4 I 0203 BEL IAFP-PWI5<br />
Allf:~ltlagne--h' ~r'<strong>de</strong>s<br />
La police 'obtient l'évacuation sans violence d'un centre culturel kur<strong>de</strong><br />
HAMBOURG (Allemagne), 3 déc (AFP) - Une soixantaine <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s qui<br />
occupaient <strong>de</strong>puis jeudi soir un c~ntre cul~urel kur<strong>de</strong> à Hambourg malgré une<br />
interdiction policière ont accepté d'évacuer les lieux dans la nuit, è l'issue<br />
d'une longue négociation, a-t-on appris vendredi <strong>de</strong> source policière.<br />
Des représentants du SPD (Parti social-démocrate), <strong>de</strong>s Verts <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />
l'église ont participé à la négociation aux c6tés <strong>de</strong>s policiers, précise-t-on<br />
<strong>de</strong> méme SCIU r ce.<br />
Jeudi soir, <strong>de</strong>s affrontem.nts entre militants kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>et</strong> policiers avaient<br />
suivi une manifestation pro-kur<strong>de</strong> qui avait rassemblé dans le calme environ<br />
2.000 personnes. A l'issue <strong>de</strong> ce~ échauffourées, environ 70 personnes ont été<br />
interpellées, tandis que 62 manifestants parvenaient à occuper le centre<br />
cul tw'el,.<br />
De nombreux centres culturels kur<strong>de</strong>s ont été occupés <strong>de</strong>puis près d'une<br />
semaine, pour protester contre l'interdiction en Allemagne du Parti <strong>de</strong>s<br />
travailleurs du Kurdistan (PKKk, séparatiste). C<strong>et</strong>te mesure a été prise par<br />
les autorités alleman<strong>de</strong>s à la suite <strong>de</strong> la multiplication <strong>de</strong>s violences <strong>de</strong><br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> Turquie sur le territoire allemand.<br />
mlm/vdr/br'<br />
AFP 030759 DEC 93<br />
14
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA<br />
STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZET;<br />
2<br />
Turkish Probe December 2, 1993<br />
Western Europe Moves<br />
on Militant Kurds<br />
Murat Y<strong>et</strong>kin<br />
Ina long-awaited move by Ankara, the German<br />
government outlawed the Kurdistan Workers'<br />
Party (PKK) on Nov. 25 in Germany and<br />
banned legal institutions in that country which have<br />
been affiliated to that organization.<br />
The institutions which were <strong>de</strong>clared illegal by<br />
German Interior Minister Manfred Kanther were 35<br />
associations and companies across Germany, including<br />
the National Liberation Front of Kurdistan<br />
(ERNK), the Kurdistan Committee, a Kurdish cultural<br />
and political fe<strong>de</strong>ration and the radical Kurdish<br />
news agency Kurd-Ha. The <strong>de</strong>cision came after a<br />
two-day me<strong>et</strong>ing of the interior ministers of the 16<br />
states in Germany.<br />
Ankara was actually tipped off in advance about<br />
German Foreign Minister Klaus Kinkel's <strong>de</strong>cision.<br />
On Nov. 24, Kinkel called Turkish Foreign Minister<br />
Hikm<strong>et</strong> Ç<strong>et</strong>in and said the ban would be enforced<br />
the next day. He proposed that since the British<br />
Foreign Minister Douglas Hurd was visiting Germany,<br />
they could hold a tripartite me<strong>et</strong>ing with Turkey<br />
on a broad range of matters, including security. The<br />
next morning he called Ç<strong>et</strong>in again and said that<br />
from 6 a.m. German police had started to implement<br />
the ban.<br />
Well over 100 measures are being adopted<br />
throughout the regional states to seize the ass<strong>et</strong>s of<br />
the banned organizations, including searches of<br />
clubs, businesses and homes and the seizure of<br />
the contents of post office boxes and bank accounts,<br />
as Interior Minister Kanther said in a statement<br />
after the <strong>de</strong>cision's announcement.<br />
"The PKK has been banned because it uses violence<br />
as a means to reach its goals," he said. "Foreign<br />
extremism must be fought with <strong>de</strong>termination.<br />
Germany must not become a battlefield for foreign<br />
terrorists."<br />
The PKK actions which forced Kinkel to use the<br />
expression "the glass is full and overflowing" were a<br />
series of attacks by the Kurdish militants against<br />
Turkish consulate buildings and companies in Europe,<br />
and in Germany earlier in November. One<br />
<strong>de</strong>monstration caused the <strong>de</strong>ath of a Turk.<br />
When these events were ad<strong>de</strong>d to the usual<br />
claims of extortion, money laun<strong>de</strong>ring and even<br />
drug trafficking by the PKK, it was in the German<br />
interest to ban the PKK as well.<br />
France had taken harsh measures a week before<br />
against the PKK militants in four of its cities and<br />
opened court cases against 21 militants, accusing<br />
of them involvement in activities on behalf of a "terrorist<br />
organization," meaning the PKK. France renewed<br />
its clampdown on the PKK on Nov. 30, and<br />
banned two more Kurdish associations, accusing<br />
them of "illegai" activities in connection with the<br />
PKK. French Interior Minister Charles Pasqua's<br />
words on the move were much the same as those<br />
of Kanther. France was not going to allow itself to<br />
be turned into a battleground for radical groups.<br />
With 400,000 Turkish citizens within its bor<strong>de</strong>rs,<br />
more than 50,000 of them of Kurdish origin, France<br />
has been one of the main bases of the PKK in Europe.<br />
But Germany, with 1.8 million Turkish citizens,<br />
more than 400,000 of them being of Kurdish origin,<br />
has been the core of the PKK's n<strong>et</strong>work in Europe<br />
and a major source of finance and recruits for its<br />
nine-year-old armed campaign against Turkey for<br />
an in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt Kurdish state. More than 11,000<br />
people have been killed in that campaign so far in<br />
east and southeast Turkey. Turkey has been telling<br />
Germany and other allies in NATO that the PKK<br />
aims to carve out a portion of its territory, the integrity<br />
of which has been guaranteed by the Western<br />
alliance. The response used to be quite discouraging<br />
for Ankara. In 1991-92 Germany suspen<strong>de</strong>d its<br />
military assistance to Turkey, saying that some of it<br />
was being used to suppress the Kurdish insurgency,<br />
not to protect bor<strong>de</strong>rs.<br />
To be frank, that attitu<strong>de</strong> changed when Germany's<br />
former Foreign Minister Hans Di<strong>et</strong>rich Genscher<br />
resigned from his post in May 1992 and was<br />
replaced by Kinkel.<br />
This change in attitu<strong>de</strong> can be summarized in<br />
general terms as allowing Turkey to g<strong>et</strong> closer and<br />
treating it as a member of the (European) family, instead<br />
of pushing it away and antagonizing its public<br />
and government.<br />
If Europe needs a strong and united Turkey as a<br />
buffer zone b<strong>et</strong>ween itself and a region of territorial<br />
disputes, political instabilities, autocratic regimes<br />
and radicalism of every kind, it should help Turkey<br />
to solve its major problems.<br />
Confirming the rationale behind that policy, the<br />
Turkish people, media and the government warmly<br />
welcomed the move by Germany in outlawing the<br />
PKK.<br />
Many people knew that Bonn's blow to the organization<br />
would not have a significant impact on the<br />
5,OOO-strongn<strong>et</strong>work of militants in the country in<br />
practical terms. Working professionally, they have<br />
already transferred a major part of their bank accounts<br />
to individuals, and secured their computer<br />
records and top-secr<strong>et</strong> documents, though perhaps<br />
15
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RNISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Turkish Probe December 2, 1993 3<br />
they did not expect such a large-scale operation.<br />
The real blow to the PKK was the show of politi- .<br />
cal will by two major Western European countries<br />
against them.<br />
Similar actions are now expected by both Ankara<br />
and by Bonn and <strong>Paris</strong> from other European capitals.<br />
We can inclu<strong>de</strong> London to that list. The British<br />
government has not outlawed the PKK y<strong>et</strong>, but British<br />
officials said that Scotland Yard is preparing a<br />
special plan to prohibit the "illegal" activities of its<br />
affiliated organizations.<br />
A security-summit of the interior and justice ministers<br />
of the 12 European Union countries has served<br />
as a very good example of the pressure which has<br />
started to be put on those countries not taking a<br />
strong stand against the extensions of the armed<br />
dissi<strong>de</strong>nt groups, and those who think that the best<br />
way to prevent their attacks is to be on good<br />
terms with them. (Despite the fact that Europe<br />
has seen the result of this attitu<strong>de</strong> in<br />
France. Because of the Armenian community<br />
there, French authorities turned a blind eye<br />
toward the armed activities of the illegal<br />
group ASALA against Turkish targ<strong>et</strong>s from<br />
the mid-1970s onwards, until the groups's<br />
bombs started to claim the lives of French<br />
people in mid-1980s.)<br />
Belgium, for example, was strongly criticized<br />
by Spain for sheltering two militants of<br />
the secessionist Basque organization ETA. It<br />
was again Belgium which was reluctant to<br />
outlaw the PKK, saying that PKK activity in<br />
that country had not reached the level seen in<br />
Germany.<br />
The headquarters of the ERNK, whose<br />
branch in Germany was banned, was in Brussels,<br />
and its spokesman Kani Yilmaz had<br />
threatened European -- including Belgian -~<br />
tourists that it may cost them their lives if they<br />
travelled to Turkey next summer, in a Brussels<br />
press conference a day before the summit.<br />
Greece's attitu<strong>de</strong> was the most typical and<br />
exemplary. German Interior Minister Kanther<br />
revealed after the summif that it was only<br />
Greece which had opposed including the<br />
PKK on the EU's list of "terrorist organizations."<br />
Perhaps Turkey's allies in Athens plan<br />
to use this double edged sword as their latést<br />
weapon to weaken Turkey.<br />
West European capitals started to give a<br />
message to T.urkey by ~aking strong measures<br />
against the PKK, hints of which were<br />
contained in the statement by Kinkel after<br />
Borm's <strong>de</strong>cision to outlaw the PKK. He said<br />
the German move on the PKK did not mean<br />
that Germany was no longer interested in the<br />
state of human rights of people of Kurdish origin<br />
in Turkey.<br />
Listening to the words of Ankara, European<br />
capitals started to discriminate b<strong>et</strong>ween the<br />
PKK, that means political violence, and the Kurdish<br />
problem.<br />
Nowtheir message to Ankara is: we'll help you in<br />
solving the PKK problem.<br />
And you have to try means other than military<br />
ones to solve the Kurdish problem. This seems essential<br />
for Europe's security and stability as well, if<br />
it is consi<strong>de</strong>red that the commercial bor<strong>de</strong>rs of Europe<br />
will inclu<strong>de</strong> southeastern bor<strong>de</strong>rs of Turkey<br />
when the country adopts the customs union with<br />
the EU in 1995.<br />
The cost or perhaps the gift to Turkey of the European<br />
contribution to solving the PKK problem<br />
seems to be convincing Ankara of the need for a<br />
political solution to the Kurdish problem, which will<br />
possibly be a key factor in Turkey's political integration<br />
with the EU.•<br />
PROTESTING THE BAN- The German government's <strong>de</strong>cision to outlaw<br />
the PKK outraged Kurdish militants who occupied the banned associations,<br />
displayed their flag and shouted chants con<strong>de</strong>mning the<br />
move. A PKK spokesman in Cologne <strong>de</strong>nounced the <strong>de</strong>cision as a<br />
"grave political mistake" and threatened German interests. because<br />
of their backing of Turkey. The photo shows a Kurdish militant shouting<br />
slogans nextto a PKK flag. Reul« Wirephl'Ill<br />
16
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
4 Turkish Probe December 2, 1993<br />
Special Dossier:<br />
Operation North Iraq, Once Again ...<br />
Ism<strong>et</strong> G.lms<strong>et</strong><br />
s European countries one after another cracked<br />
down on the PKK, Turkey launched a new crossbor<strong>de</strong>r<br />
operation into northern Iraq reportedly<br />
A<br />
to<br />
<strong>de</strong>stroy camps used by this organization for military attacks.<br />
Prime Minister Tansu Çiller on Tuesday gave information<br />
of the attack in an uncommon way, in a speech to her<br />
True Path Party (DYP) parliamentary group, and not to the<br />
public. Somewhat overjoyed by her over-promoted role in<br />
the Euro-crackdown, Çiller entered the group me<strong>et</strong>ing<br />
where the Iraqi operation<br />
was her new trump card. According<br />
to her, Turkish planes had swooped down on nine separatist<br />
bases in northern Iraq and in 16 sorties had <strong>de</strong>stroyed<br />
them.<br />
Both her report to the group and a press statement issued<br />
later in the day by the prime ministry stressed that<br />
helicopters had been used for surveillance purposes and<br />
absolutely no damage was inflicted on civilians.<br />
The written statement said the Nov.29 air raid was conducted<br />
in an area of 400 square kilom<strong>et</strong>ers running 40 kilom<strong>et</strong>ers<br />
wi<strong>de</strong> and 10 kilom<strong>et</strong>ers insi<strong>de</strong> Iraqi territory. "The<br />
closest civilian was four kilom<strong>et</strong>ers from the targ<strong>et</strong>s," it<br />
read.<br />
On the Kurdish si<strong>de</strong> of the bor<strong>de</strong>r, however, the argument<br />
was different.<br />
In a written statement, Masoud Barzani's Kurdistan<br />
Democratic Party (KDP) claimed on Tuesday that the<br />
planes had actually hit two villages in chairman Barzani's<br />
hom<strong>et</strong>own of Barzan and that three people were killed.<br />
There was also the claim that six children had been injured.<br />
Despite this allegation and a strongly wor<strong>de</strong>d con<strong>de</strong>mnation<br />
of "indiscriminate Turkish attacks on Kurdish villages,"<br />
there was no outcry or great fuss over the inci<strong>de</strong>nt.<br />
The attack had taken place a day before a crucial me<strong>et</strong>ing<br />
in which the Turks and Kurds were laying down plans on<br />
how to <strong>de</strong>al with the PKK in the future.<br />
The Kurds say Turkey is seeking every opportunity now<br />
to blame them for the activities of the PKK whereas this organization<br />
is already out of the bor<strong>de</strong>r region.<br />
Until October 1992, when Turkish troops moved into<br />
northern Iraq to assist an Iraqi Kurdish crackdown on the<br />
PKK, this separatist movement had about a dozen camps<br />
on the Iraqi si<strong>de</strong> of the bor<strong>de</strong>r which it used both for training<br />
and cross-bor<strong>de</strong>r attacks on Turkey.<br />
The situation today, though, is very much different.<br />
Why Zaleh?: In<strong>de</strong>ed, only about a year ago the much<br />
publicized operation launched against the PKK in Kurdishcontrolled<br />
north Iraq aimed at cleansing the region from<br />
terrorists, en<strong>de</strong>d with an official statement that around<br />
4,000 militants had been ma<strong>de</strong> "ineffective." Turkey argued<br />
then that hundreds had been killed. The Iraqi Kurds said<br />
later that the <strong>de</strong>ath toll was lower than 200 but about 2,000<br />
PKK fighters<br />
had surren<strong>de</strong>red.<br />
It was then that Turkish gendarmerie officials reportedly<br />
asked Iraqi Kurdish lea<strong>de</strong>rs to secr<strong>et</strong>ly give them the surren<strong>de</strong>red<br />
militants. But the request was turned down on<br />
the grounds that there were too many innocent people<br />
among the PKK, including women and children, who had<br />
fled to the mountains. In the words of one senior Kurdish<br />
official, "Kurds could not just kill Kurds who were running<br />
away from <strong>de</strong>ath."<br />
Thus, <strong>de</strong>spite protests from Ankara, and even from within<br />
the Iraqi Kurdish movement, Patriotic Union of Kurdistan<br />
(PUK) lea<strong>de</strong>r Jaral Talabani arranged for the militants to be<br />
moved southward, where they could not conduct any attacks<br />
on Turkey. Last week, Turkish Probe travelled to the<br />
r.egion and asked both Barzani and Talabani the reasons<br />
for this <strong>de</strong>cision. Also, along with two other Turkish joumalists,<br />
this reporter attempted to enter the Zaleh camp --<br />
where the PKK was res<strong>et</strong>tled.<br />
As far as the Kurdish government was concemed, their<br />
agreement with the PKK last year was for all fighters of this<br />
organization to surren<strong>de</strong>r. In r<strong>et</strong>um, they were res<strong>et</strong>tled on<br />
condition that they also surren<strong>de</strong>r their weapons, never<br />
again conduct attacks on Turkey over Iraq, and turn to political<br />
activities only in Kurdish territory.<br />
According to Barzani, though, even this was a great mistake.<br />
As great as choosing Zaleh to shelter the militants.<br />
For, whatever plans the Kurds had ma<strong>de</strong>, the PKK had its<br />
own plans which it put into practice.<br />
"They never did respect the agreement and violated it<br />
from the first day," Barzani says now, overtly sorry that he<br />
ever trusted the PKK. "They are not worth being trusted."<br />
In his own words, the choice of Zaleh was also very wrong<br />
because it gave the PKK the opportunity to move into Turkey<br />
-- even if not over Iraq -- and create new problems for<br />
the Iraqi Kurds.<br />
Zaleh, an area immediatelyon Iraq's bor<strong>de</strong>r with Iran, is<br />
about 250 kilom<strong>et</strong>ers from the Turkish bor<strong>de</strong>r and in a very<br />
rugged mountainous territory. But it is a main crossing<br />
point b<strong>et</strong>ween the two countries which has, since last year,<br />
given the PKK a natural corridor into Turkey. From here,<br />
most of the militants controlled by Osman (Ferhat) Ocalan,<br />
have crossed into Iran. From Iran, they have either gone<br />
upwards to Armenia, where the PKK now has training<br />
camps, or back into Turkey. Talabani insists that there are<br />
still some 1,000 militants in the camp and that in practice it<br />
is un<strong>de</strong>r If'aqi Kurdish control. He also says he does not<br />
know how the PKK got weapons, if any, since"they were<br />
disarmed.<br />
In reality, the PKK was never disarmed. After surren<strong>de</strong>ring,<br />
they were packed up in special buses, taken to Irbil<br />
------------------------------;1-:;-7
Turkish Probe December 2, 1993<br />
5<br />
where they were placed into a special guest hotel run by<br />
the PUK, and then transferred to the bor<strong>de</strong>r.<br />
Also, contrary to what Talabani says, what can be ob-,<br />
served is thatthe Iraqi Kurds are not in compl<strong>et</strong>e control in<br />
Zaleh. For months over, using this new corridor crossing<br />
from Iranian territory, the PKK has infiltrated into Turkey<br />
and the Kurdish lea<strong>de</strong>rs are now having trouble in explaining<br />
why it came to this.<br />
Barzani says it was a mistake, since after going to Zaleh<br />
the PKK got open Iranian backing and "there is no way to<br />
control it.'<br />
When asked why the Iraqi Kurds did not just g<strong>et</strong> rid of<br />
the PKK problem from the very beginning, or why this organization<br />
was not compl<strong>et</strong>ely <strong>de</strong>stroyed, Talabani's answer<br />
is more complicated:<br />
'We could not <strong>de</strong>stroy them," he says. 'When they were<br />
in Hakurk (the area wh.~r<strong>et</strong>he bor<strong>de</strong>rs of Iran, Turkey and<br />
Iraq me<strong>et</strong>) they had lninian support. Iran gives them arms<br />
andammunition.<br />
They were able to go there and r<strong>et</strong>urn. If we had tried to<br />
<strong>de</strong>stroy the PKK, it could have fought with us for years and<br />
years. A second reason is thatthe Kurdish public opinion<br />
does not accept fighting the Kurds. The PKK enjoys strong<br />
màss support and is a big organization. The third reason is<br />
thatthe PKK was able to block the road from Diyarbakir to<br />
Iraqi Kurdistan, to cut ail links b<strong>et</strong>ween Iraqi Kurdistan and<br />
Turkey.' To be more clear, the PKK had literally frightened<br />
the Iraqi Kurds.<br />
PKK in Iraq: As 'Barzani explains, the PKK's existence in<br />
northern Iraq started immediately after the 1990 Iraqi campaign<br />
againstthe Kurds. Once the area was evacuated by<br />
hundreds of thousands of civilians frightened by Baghdad's<br />
advancing forces, the PKK moved in.<br />
In this period, Turkish Probe has documentation showing<br />
close contact b<strong>et</strong>ween the Iraqi intelligence, Mohabarat,<br />
and the PKK. During the war with Kuwait, the PKK was<br />
also collecting intelligence on Turkish and U.S. military activities<br />
for the Saddam regime.<br />
After 1991, though, the Iraqi Kurds started to res<strong>et</strong>tle<br />
and this led to a repopulation of the bor<strong>de</strong>r region. This<br />
disturbed the PKK, which tried to resist and maintain its<br />
control in certain areas, and <strong>de</strong>velopments; as well as<br />
escalated tension with the Kurds, led to the 1992 operation.<br />
.<br />
Both Barzani and Talabani now argue that there is no<br />
serious PKK presence in the bor<strong>de</strong>r zone, but for small<br />
groups of 20 to 60 fighters which use mainly the snow-covered<br />
paths to reach Turkey. On Nov.15, the Kurds<br />
launched another operation but en<strong>de</strong>d up without finding<br />
anything. A film they took shows two Turkish officers also<br />
saying the PKK is nowhere to be seen. The only serious<br />
presence of the PKK, in the sense of having an established<br />
base, is in Zaleh.<br />
There, the militants are in control and have literally <strong>de</strong>.<br />
clared the area a military zone. Even the PUK enters this<br />
bor<strong>de</strong>r crossing point with permission from the PKK, which<br />
is armed, training and insistent. It is refusing to move. And,<br />
the Iraqi Kurds are now well aware that if nothing can be<br />
done aboutthis organization, they may have to sl:lffer<strong>de</strong>arly<br />
for their lifeline, Turkey, is g<strong>et</strong>ting more and more impatient.<br />
Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort: Obviously a cf!lcial link in the whole<br />
issue is the multinationaltask force based in Incirlik, Turkey,<br />
to protectthe Kurds, and many regional officials believe<br />
that if part of Turkey's concern over the PKK presence<br />
in Iraq is sincere, ano\her part is exaggerating it for<br />
political purposes. Talabani argues that Prime Minister<br />
Tansu Çiller and other politicians may be using the issue<br />
for domestic political consumption -- turning atlention<br />
abroad at a time Turkey's own campaign on terrorism is<br />
yielding little results.<br />
But both I ea<strong>de</strong>rs believe, observing the <strong>de</strong>bate in<br />
Turkey, and claims that Operation Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort is also<br />
supporting the PKK, that the coalition forces should<br />
not be used .as a instrument of blackmail against the<br />
Kurds.<br />
'What I really <strong>de</strong>ny is the blackmailing of Kurds using<br />
this Incirlik base as a tool, as a strict over our heads' Talabani<br />
says. Barzani believes the extension of the mandate<br />
of the multinational task forces is crucial for the Iraqi<br />
Kurds. Talabani also carefully recalls whatthe late Presi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
Turgut Özal had said. 'Thatthere are other ways for<br />
the allied forces to protectthe Kurdish people, and that if<br />
Turkey failed to participate it would lose its influence over<br />
this force as well as its participation in <strong>de</strong>aling with events<br />
in northern Iraq.'<br />
He thus conclu<strong>de</strong>s that whatever the <strong>de</strong>bate, it is in the<br />
interest of the Turkish governmentto extend the mandate<br />
for Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort.<br />
Talabani also implies thatthe recent attention focusing<br />
on PKK activities in northern Iraq may be part of the plot<br />
againstthese forces -- noting that for ten months there was<br />
not a single attack over Iraq on Turkey, but sud<strong>de</strong>nly when<br />
the mandate issue came on Turkey's agenda, the PKK issue<br />
surfaced attt)e same time.<br />
As for Barzani, he strongly argues against claims that<br />
"the multinational task forces dubbed 'Hammer Force' by<br />
the Turkish public, has led to a vacuum of authority in the<br />
region, and that this vacuum is serving the PKK. 'Such<br />
claims are lies," he says, recalling that Turkish officers are<br />
continuously observing the activities of this force and that<br />
nothing could be done without Turkey knowing it.<br />
But it is clear that whatever altitu<strong>de</strong> they take, both are<br />
worried thatthe PKK issue could affect the future of this<br />
force as well as future aid to be given to Iraqi Kurdistan.<br />
More Problems: About 3.5 million people in northern<br />
Iraq are now preparing to me<strong>et</strong> a harsh winter un<strong>de</strong>r the<br />
protection of the multinationaltask force, and already with<br />
enough on their minds without having to think of the PKK.<br />
Despite Saddam's self-styled embargo on the, north and<br />
the United Nations Security Council sanctions on the<br />
whole of the country, there is serious reconstruction activity<br />
in the Kurdish controlled areas.<br />
Following the money crisis this year, with Saddam's<br />
withdrawal of 25 dinar notes from the markel. economic<br />
problems have doubled. Inflation on principle foodstuffs<br />
alone is enough to make the masses worry.<br />
Still, this region, which has suffered much from war, is<br />
now pulling itself tog<strong>et</strong>her step by step. And, within this<br />
resurrection, there is a great amount of Turkish influence<br />
which Ankara could turn to its advantage in the near future.<br />
Kurdish television stations are "continuously showing Turkish<br />
films and news programs, radios are casting Turkish<br />
music, the stre<strong>et</strong>s are full of Turkish casseltes, and the cinemas<br />
are screening Turkish movies (even if they are soft<br />
porn movies) Il is as if the whole region is in hunger for<br />
Turkish culture, and this alone stands asproof that the<br />
Kurds are not natural enemies of the Turks, as some racist<br />
circles have recently started to argue ..They are natural<br />
friends.<br />
Moreover, Turkey is the life line of this region. From its<br />
o<br />
18
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE lA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZET;<br />
6<br />
Turkish Probe December 2, 1993<br />
economy to electricity, television to daily foodstuffs, Iraqi<br />
Kurdistan <strong>de</strong>pends more and more on Turkey, and the<br />
Kurdish lea<strong>de</strong>rs are therefore worried about what is going<br />
on in Ankara. They have too many internal problems but<br />
are aware that as long as Turkey cannot solve her own<br />
problems, they are bound to share the Turkish bur<strong>de</strong>n as<br />
well.<br />
Thus, it can also be observed that both Talabani and<br />
Barzani express their concerns openly now, even to the<br />
extent of criticising Turkish policy which, they say, is leading<br />
to a growing regional crisis by strengthening the PKK.<br />
Turlcish Policy: In or<strong>de</strong>r to improve their own ailing economy<br />
and to survive, if need be, without Baghdad, the Iraqi<br />
Kurds need Turkey but a Turkey which will not bring them<br />
further problems.<br />
Thus, <strong>de</strong>spite their <strong>et</strong>hnic sympathies for the Turkish-<br />
Kurdish people, and even their "un<strong>de</strong>rstanding" of the position<br />
of the PKK, they are against this organization. Both<br />
the PUK and KDP accept that its terrorist m<strong>et</strong>hods cannot<br />
be approved of. What angers their lea<strong>de</strong>rs is that the PKK<br />
has come to a level which it does not <strong>de</strong>serve to be at.<br />
Talabani says without any reservation that he con<strong>de</strong>mns<br />
terrorism in all forms and cannot accept any activity directed<br />
at innocent civilians. "Everyone knows that we have always<br />
criticized the killing of women and children in the villages,<br />
the burning of villages, the <strong>de</strong>stroying of villages<br />
and houses," he says.<br />
According to this lea<strong>de</strong>r, "the PKK is claiming to be a<br />
Marxist-Leninist organization, but in fact it is a nationalist<br />
organization ... not well experienced. Most of their lea<strong>de</strong>rs<br />
are immature, and some of them are extremists"<br />
As for Barzani, his criticism of the PKK appears to be<br />
stronger. "Our party and our government are totally<br />
against PKK terrorism," he says, noting also that this organization<br />
has extensive support from Baghdad, Iran, Syria<br />
and Armenia. Despite their differences in criticising the<br />
PKK, though, both lea<strong>de</strong>rs agree that Turkey can only<br />
solve its problem with the Kurds through peaceful dialogue<br />
with legitimate representatives -- which can only be<br />
achieved by allowing political alternatives to the PKK on<br />
the legal platform.<br />
Talabani here, is strong in his criticism. According to<br />
him, "the Turkish hard-liners are the best friends of the<br />
Kurdish hard-liners: .. They are helping each other very<br />
much; they are exchanging assistance by encouraging<br />
people to go to either si<strong>de</strong>. Turkish hard-liners are always<br />
strengthening the PKK. Look at the PKK and you will see it<br />
is stronger than last year. This is because of the acts of the<br />
Turkish hard-liners." "The best solution is to give rights<br />
through peaceful and <strong>de</strong>mocratic means. To try to end it<br />
with military m<strong>et</strong>hods is not a solution. Just the opposite --<br />
it helps the PKK. But to seek a solution through peace and<br />
<strong>de</strong>mocracy along with military measures is also good," is<br />
what Barzani says.<br />
Their mutual belief is that the main reason behind the<br />
strengthening of the PKK, is the lack of a political or<br />
peaceful solution to the problems of the Kurds in Turkey.<br />
"And the PKK is using this, using the nationalist feelings of<br />
Kurds to show that it is the <strong>de</strong>fen<strong>de</strong>r and protector of .Kurdish<br />
rights and <strong>de</strong>mands," Talabani conclu<strong>de</strong>s.<br />
Neither believe in claims from senior officials in Ankara<br />
that the PKK problem can be overcome this year or the<br />
next with the current policies, and both reflect their peoples'<br />
criticism as well, of hardline policies which are inflicting<br />
harm on Kurdish civilians in the Southeast.<br />
Barzani's remark that "the Kurds cannot be liquidated<br />
through war. Nowhere, neither in Iraq, nor in Iran, or Turkey,<br />
an~ that the Kurds cannot achieve anything through<br />
terrorist m<strong>et</strong>hods," seems to sum up their views.<br />
Working on a Solution: Aware one way or another that<br />
the PKK is a mutual problem, the Iraqi Kurds are now<br />
working on a solution in their own way. Part of this is<br />
based on strengthening their presence along the bor<strong>de</strong>r area.<br />
Although he does not say it openly, Barzani implies<br />
that an operation in Zaleh is also imminent. The Kurds may<br />
actually g<strong>et</strong> rid of the PKK there -- which would only mean<br />
that the separatists will use Iran instead.<br />
There are about 50 fixed bor<strong>de</strong>r stations in the bor<strong>de</strong>r<br />
zone with Turkey, and these are run jointly by PUK and<br />
peshmerges. But the Kurdish complaint is that their army,<br />
some 4,000 men, is not enough to control everywhere.<br />
They even argue now that if there is infiltration, this is<br />
from Turkey into Iraqi Kurdistan and not vice versa. In other<br />
words, if Turkey cannot secure its own bor<strong>de</strong>r with 180<br />
thousand men, how can the Kurds, with their own problems,<br />
do it with only 4,000?<br />
Still, it appears that un<strong>de</strong>r the current circumstances<br />
they are doing their best and whatever differences may be<br />
sensed in their approach to the PKK, both the PUK and<br />
KDP want to g<strong>et</strong> rid of this problem.<br />
Barzani has lost all hope of forcing the PKK to pull its act<br />
tog<strong>et</strong>her and has suffered more than anyone else from this<br />
organization's activities. AlwAYS,during cross bor<strong>de</strong>r incursions<br />
by Turkey, his territory was the targ<strong>et</strong>. And always he<br />
has been a primary targ<strong>et</strong> for the PKK.<br />
Only last week, the regional Kurdistan govemment issued<br />
a strongly wor<strong>de</strong>d con<strong>de</strong>mnation of the PKK, after<br />
militants of this organization attacked a peshmerge base in<br />
Basiya village in Argush district and killed three Iraqi Kurds<br />
and took 12 others as prisoners.<br />
Kurdish public opinion is also heavily against the PKK,<br />
but alwàys with a touch of sympathy, owing mainly to Turkey's<br />
military based policies put into affect in the Southeast.<br />
With or without Ankara's press blackout, and the auto-control<br />
of the Istanbul press, ttie Kurds in the region<br />
know what is going on and often, during conversations,<br />
draw similarities to what happened in Iraq as well.<br />
The most commonly heard remark in that part of the region<br />
is: "Look, see what Baghdad did to us and see the result....<br />
In this way, <strong>de</strong>spite their strong feelings against the<br />
PKK, many Kurdish officials are approaching the issue in a<br />
cautious way.<br />
Thus, they also fear that persistent Turkish operations<br />
on northern Iraq will weaken their hand even further, especially<br />
when damage is done to civilians and/or civilian s<strong>et</strong>tlements.<br />
The Kurds, hate the "carrot and stick treatment," it it can<br />
be called that. And they do not believe that civilian losses<br />
in such operations are the result of mistakes. The general<br />
belief is that these aim at taming them and the warning is<br />
that such policies have always backfired.<br />
Northern Iraq needs Turkey to survive and it needs Turkey<br />
more than ever. What the Kurds ask now is more un<strong>de</strong>rstanding<br />
from Ankara, b<strong>et</strong>ter cooperation in the fields of<br />
economy and security, and a breath.<br />
The concern is that any preemptive move by Turkey<br />
would line tbe people behind the PKK and make it even<br />
more difficult for this organization to be tackled with. And<br />
indications are strong that soon, in the coming days, the<br />
Kurds themselves will be taking dramatic action against<br />
this organization. For they do not want Operation North<br />
Iraq, once again... _<br />
19
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ~RNISTA<br />
STAMPA-DENTRO DE lA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Turkish Probe December 2, 1993<br />
17<br />
The Week in Perspective<br />
NOY 23 U.N. Secr<strong>et</strong>ary-General Boutros<br />
• Boutros-Ghali announces his plans<br />
to resume intensive contacts aimed at building confi<strong>de</strong>nce<br />
b<strong>et</strong>ween the two Cypriot communities after<br />
the Turkish Cypriot elections scheduled for Dec. 12.<br />
In a written report to the Security Council, he also<br />
recommends a further six-month renewal of the<br />
1,200-member U.N. Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus<br />
(UNFICYP) when its current mandate expires on<br />
Dec.15.<br />
NOY 24 The PKK attacked an Iraqi Kurdish<br />
• base in northern Iraq, killing three<br />
people and capturing 12 others, an Iraqi Kurdish envoy<br />
to Ankara says. About 150 Turkish Kurds on<br />
Nov. 18 attacked the base at Baziyah village in EIgush<br />
district, less than 5 kilom<strong>et</strong>ers (3 miles) from<br />
the Turkish bor<strong>de</strong>r, says envoy Safeen Dizayee.<br />
NOY 25 Greek Energy and Tra<strong>de</strong> Minister<br />
• Costas Simitis says Athens disapproves<br />
of a project aiming to create an electricity<br />
n<strong>et</strong>work b<strong>et</strong>ween Europe and Turkey. ,Simitis adds<br />
his government does not wish to see the n<strong>et</strong>work<br />
link and will not endorse a project that will connect<br />
Turkish 'and Italian electricity n<strong>et</strong>works via Greek territory.<br />
NOY 26 German authorities outlaw the PKK<br />
• in Germany. Bonn's <strong>de</strong>cision is immediately<br />
followed by raids on homes and businesses<br />
belonging to the organization. PKK ass<strong>et</strong>s are<br />
seized and its subsidiary organizations are banned<br />
in the raids which come as a concentrated effort to<br />
stop attacks on Turkish establishments in Europe.<br />
• Pro-Kurdish Democracy Party (DEP) Mus Deputy<br />
Muzaffer Demir files a complaint against a Kurdish<br />
tribal lea<strong>de</strong>r from the Southeast region who has<br />
spoken Kurdish -- <strong>de</strong>spite an official ban on it -- on a<br />
TV program aired on state TV.<br />
NOY 27 In Cologne, several thousand<br />
• Kurds take part in a rally marking<br />
the 15th anniversary of the founding of the PKK.<br />
Speakers call on Germany to lift the ban imposed on<br />
Friday, three weeks after spectacular attacks on<br />
Turkish offices across Germany and Western Europe<br />
blamed on the PKK. Other Kurdish protests are<br />
held in Stuttgart, Mannheim and Leverkusen against<br />
the ban.<br />
NOY 28 An opinion poll conducted by the<br />
• TDNamong 298 <strong>de</strong>puties in the<br />
450-seat Parliament reveals that 77.18 percent of<br />
those polled do not believe votes will represent free<br />
will in the local elections of March 1994 and that<br />
74.83 percent <strong>de</strong>mand elections be held in March<br />
1994 as previously announced.<br />
• Prime Minister Tansu Çiller reshuffles her Cabin<strong>et</strong>,<br />
changing five ministers of her own True Path Party<br />
(DYP). She replaces Rlfat SerdaroQlu with Kazlm<br />
Dinç as health minister and names four new ministers<br />
of state, Ali $evki Erek, Mehm<strong>et</strong> Ali Yilmaz, Abdülbaki<br />
Ataç and Nurhan Tekinel. They replace Mehm<strong>et</strong><br />
GazioQlu, Güne~ MüftüoQlu, Mustafa ÇiloQlu and Ahm<strong>et</strong><br />
$anal.<br />
• Turkish troops shell suspected PKK bases on<br />
Mount Ararat. Security forces, meanwhile, kill nine<br />
PKK insurgents in clashes in Diyarbakir.<br />
• Greek Foreign Ministry official, Theodoros Pangalos,<br />
accuses Germany, England and Turkey of forming<br />
a joint ,policy for the Balkans <strong>de</strong>scribing it as contrary<br />
to European Union solidarity.<br />
• Heavy snowfall blank<strong>et</strong>s much of eastern Turkey,<br />
cutting off more than 3,000 villages. Roads are<br />
clogged with <strong>de</strong>ep snow and flights from the eastern<br />
city of Van are canceled.<br />
NOY 29 Prime Minister Tansu Çiller unveils a<br />
• tax package that will cut rates for<br />
low-income workers and impose a luxury tax on jewelry,<br />
furs and other items.<br />
• Parliament Speaker Hüsam<strong>et</strong>tin Cindoruk leaves<br />
for Ukraine saying he will alert Black Sea Economic<br />
Cooperation (BSEC) nations of a possible PKK infiltration<br />
into these countries following the banning of<br />
the organization in Europe.<br />
NOY 30 Turkish warplanes have carried out a<br />
• five-hour strike on nine separate 'targ<strong>et</strong>s<br />
in northern Iraq, Prime Minister Tansu Çiller discloses.<br />
Çilrer says the targ<strong>et</strong>s of the air raids were<br />
PKK camps and that no civilians were harmed. Iraqi<br />
Kurdish officials claim that the attacks targ<strong>et</strong>ed two villages<br />
and left three civilians killed and six children<br />
woun<strong>de</strong>d.<br />
'<br />
• France bans two Kurdish groups, wi<strong>de</strong>ning its<br />
crackdown in which activists have been charged with<br />
terrorist activity in a separatist campaign against Turkey.<br />
• Turkish and Iranian security officials begin talks in<br />
Ankara on securing their bor<strong>de</strong>r against drugs, arms<br />
smugglers and PKK terrorists.<br />
• The PK-Kor<strong>de</strong>rs the closure of all "educational institutions"<br />
in the Southeast, warning that it would<br />
place "violators of the ban" among its targ<strong>et</strong>s.<br />
• An Istanbul court or<strong>de</strong>rs the release of six Manchester<br />
United soccer fans who had been jailed for<br />
nearly a month on charges of ransacking a hotel.<br />
20
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
COURRIER - 2 DÉCEMBRE 1993<br />
•• V.NDICArloN<br />
Le meurtre <strong>de</strong><br />
la place Neuve<br />
est politique<br />
Tué en pleine rue, le mois<br />
<strong>de</strong>rnier à Genève, un Kur<strong>de</strong><br />
a été victime d'un crime<br />
politique.<br />
Le ressortissant kur<strong>de</strong> abattu le 6 novembre<br />
en plein jour à Genève a bien<br />
été victime d'un crime politique. Le<br />
meurtre a été «revendiqué» par un<br />
mouvement politique turc illégal, le<br />
TKP-ML-Harekati, <strong>de</strong> tendance<br />
marxiste-léniniste. L'information parue<br />
hier dans le quotidien «Le Matin»<br />
a été partiellement confirmée par le<br />
juge d'instruction Jean-Pierre Trembley,<br />
en charge du dossier.<br />
Interrogé par l'ATS, le juge Trembley<br />
a précisé qu'il avait obtenu le<br />
document - en fait, un tract - par le<br />
biais <strong>de</strong>s autorités alleman<strong>de</strong>s. Il circulait<br />
clan<strong>de</strong>stinement dans les milieux<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s en Allemagne. Par ailleurs,<br />
il s'agit plutôt d'un avertissement<br />
que d'une revendication, a souligné<br />
le magistrat genevois. Le texte<br />
relate en eff<strong>et</strong> la mort à Genève du<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>et</strong> en use pour «avertir» ceux<br />
qui seraient tentés <strong>de</strong> «trahir» du sort<br />
qui les attend. Le défunt aurait été<br />
ainsi exécuté par un autre membre du<br />
TKP pour avoir «trahi» l'organisation<br />
dans laquelle il militait en travaillant<br />
pour le compte <strong>de</strong> l'Etat turc, rapporte<br />
le journal vaudois. Le Kur<strong>de</strong> avait été<br />
tué <strong>de</strong> plusieurs balles dans le dos en<br />
plein après-midi à la place Neuve. Son<br />
meurtrier l'avait poursuivi avant <strong>de</strong><br />
l'abattre sous les regards effarés <strong>de</strong>s<br />
passants. Le tueur n'a toujours pas été<br />
r<strong>et</strong>rouvé.<br />
ATS<br />
A.F.P. - Agence France Presse - A.F.P. - Agence France Presse - A.F.P. - Agence France Presse - A.F.P. - Agence France Press<br />
FRA0546 4 GI 0257 FRA /AFP-NZ40<br />
Fr'atlce-fÙJr<strong>de</strong>s<br />
3.000 à 4.000 personnes manifestent à <strong>Paris</strong> pour la libération <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
emprisonnés<br />
PARIS, 2 Déc (AFP) - Trois è 4.000 personnes ont manifesté jeudi en début<br />
<strong>de</strong> soirée, <strong>de</strong> la place <strong>de</strong> la République à la place <strong>de</strong> la Bastille, pour<br />
réclamer la libération <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s arrêtés en France le 18 novembre, a-t-on<br />
constaté sur place.<br />
La manifestation, à laquelle avait appelé une vingtaine d'organisations<br />
syndicales <strong>et</strong> partis politiques dont le peF, la CGT, le MRAP, SOS Racisme, la<br />
LCR <strong>et</strong> Yekkom-Khurdistan s'est dispersée dans le calme peu avant 20H00.<br />
Les manifestants, pour la plupart d'origine kur<strong>de</strong>, ont déFilé aux cris <strong>de</strong><br />
"à 'bas le r'égime Fasciste" <strong>et</strong> ."viva Pf\K", J_e Pat'ti <strong>de</strong>s travai,lleurs du<br />
Kurdistan, en rébellion contre Ankara.<br />
Lundi <strong>de</strong>rnier, une précé<strong>de</strong>nte manifestation, à l'appel <strong>de</strong> Yekkom, avait<br />
été interdite par la préfecture <strong>de</strong> police <strong>et</strong> 150 personnes avaient été<br />
interpellées place <strong>de</strong> la République.<br />
Mardi, le gouvernement Français avait adopté <strong>de</strong> nouvelles mesures à<br />
l'encontre <strong>de</strong>s militants kur<strong>de</strong>s, en dissolvant <strong>de</strong>ux associations kur<strong>de</strong>s en<br />
Fraoce qui émanaient, selon le ministre <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur Charles Pasqua, du<br />
Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du Kurdistan (PKK).<br />
Les organisations visées étaient le Comité Kurdistan <strong>et</strong> la Fédération <strong>de</strong>s<br />
associations culturelles <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs patriotes du Kurdistan en France,<br />
Yekkom-Kurdistan~ ainsi que les sept associations que c<strong>et</strong>te <strong>de</strong>rnière regroupe.<br />
Des membres <strong>de</strong> l'association Yekkom-Kurdistan participaient è ra<br />
manifestation <strong>de</strong> jeudi soir.<br />
PB/jg/ft<br />
AFP 022005 DEC 93<br />
21
REV,UE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASlN ÖZETi<br />
FRA0152"4 tI 0188 ~RA /AFP-0F9Q<br />
France--klJf"<strong>de</strong>s<br />
Pa~ution <strong>de</strong>s ~écr<strong>et</strong>s <strong>de</strong> dissolution du Comité du Kurdistan <strong>et</strong> <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> Yekkom<br />
hUt'd i s tah<br />
PARIS~ 3 déc (AFP) - Les <strong>de</strong>ux décr<strong>et</strong>s portant dissolution du Comité du<br />
Kurdistan~ <strong>de</strong> la Fédération <strong>de</strong>s associations culturelles <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs<br />
patriotes du Kurdistan Yekkom Kurdistan <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s sept associ.ations que c<strong>et</strong>te<br />
<strong>de</strong>rnière regroupe~ sont pubiiés dans le Journal Officiel <strong>de</strong> vendredi.<br />
Les <strong>de</strong>ux organisations "provoquent à <strong>de</strong>s manifestations armées dans la rue<br />
'par les saccages~ dégradations <strong>de</strong> locaux <strong>et</strong> j<strong>et</strong>s d'engins explosifs auxquels<br />
E!J."l"e~:; se 1.i\/rent" indiqwômt J.!:::".:; décr<strong>et</strong>s.<br />
Elles "présentent'le caractère <strong>de</strong> groupes <strong>de</strong> combat ou <strong>de</strong> milices privées<br />
en raison <strong>de</strong> la formation paramilitaire dans <strong>de</strong>s camps d'entratnements~ <strong>de</strong><br />
l'obéissance <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la discipline auxquelles leurs membres sont soumis, <strong>de</strong><br />
l'intentiori séditieuse qui les caractérise~ qui les ren<strong>de</strong>nt aptes è <strong>de</strong>s<br />
act.i. ons dE? CCltl1mat1dCl".<br />
Les décr<strong>et</strong>s précisent aussi que le Comité du Kurdistan "se livre sur le<br />
territoire français cu è partir <strong>de</strong> ce territoire à <strong>de</strong>s agissements en vue <strong>de</strong><br />
prClvoql~ef'dE''::; acte,:;dl:!t.<strong>et</strong>'F'orismen Franc!:""! ou tl. 1'ét.r'a.ng€::'l"".<br />
SZB/jftlg<br />
AFP 030946 DEC 93<br />
~ . TURQUIE<br />
......<br />
L'aviation bombar<strong>de</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong>s camps kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak<br />
l'aviation turque a bombardé<br />
<strong>de</strong>s régions du nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak à la<br />
frontil!re turque dans une série<br />
;d~ raids contre <strong>de</strong>s séparatistes<br />
k,ur<strong>de</strong>s du Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs<br />
du" Kurdistan. (PKI{), qui<br />
«s'apprlJtaient il <strong>de</strong>s actions»<br />
sur le tèrritoire turc, ont indiqué,<br />
mardi 30 novembre, <strong>de</strong>s sources<br />
militaires à Ankara. les avions'<br />
ont effectué seize sorties, a-t-ori<br />
indiqué <strong>de</strong> même source.<br />
Aucune localité civile ne se situe<br />
à moins <strong>de</strong> 4 km <strong>de</strong>s objectifs<br />
bombardés <strong>et</strong> les dirigeants<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s d'Irak ont été informés à"<br />
l'avance, selon les militaires. En<br />
Irak, <strong>de</strong>s habitimts du villagé<br />
kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Hisan, ~ la frontiàre tur-'<br />
,que, ont déclaré que <strong>de</strong>ux per-<br />
" sonnes avaient été tuées <strong>et</strong>.<br />
treize autres blessées lors d'un<br />
bombar<strong>de</strong>ment <strong>de</strong> l'aviation turque<br />
lundi sur un village qui<br />
n'abritait pas <strong>de</strong> base du PKK:<br />
Par ailleurs, le ministre grec<br />
<strong>de</strong>s .affaires européennes, Théoc;tQrosPangalos,<br />
a déclaré mardi<br />
qu'il n'était pas «prlJt il conseil-<br />
1er» aux Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> m<strong>et</strong>tre fin à<br />
leur actions. M. Pangalos a<br />
déploré l'usage par les Kur<strong>de</strong>s du<br />
PKK <strong>de</strong> la violence pour «rdgler<br />
leurs problèmes <strong>et</strong> pour rdclamer<br />
leurs droits ». Mais, a-t-il ajouté,<br />
«"ont-ils un moyen pacifique pour<br />
exercer leurs droits contre leurs<br />
;tyrans? ». - (AFP.)<br />
Le Mon<strong>de</strong> - :i décembre 1993<br />
TURQUIE: Ankara plai<strong>de</strong> pour<br />
une concertation européenne'<br />
contre le PKK, - La Turquie a<br />
appelé, mercredi 1er décembre, les<br />
pays européens à « prendre <strong>de</strong>s<br />
mesures conjointes <strong>et</strong> efficaces»<br />
contre le Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du'<br />
~urdistan (PKK, séparatiste).<br />
Des décisions prises séparément<br />
par <strong>de</strong>s pays « ne sont pas suffisantes<br />
pour ,la lutte contre le terrorisme<br />
», a déclaré le porte-parole<br />
du ministère turc <strong>de</strong>s affaires<br />
étrangères, Ferhat Ataman, estimant<br />
que « <strong>de</strong>s mesures<br />
conjointes <strong>et</strong> efficaces <strong>de</strong>vront être'<br />
prises par tous les pays en suivant<br />
l'exemple <strong>de</strong> l'Allemagne <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la<br />
France contre le PK/( ». Ce nouvel<br />
appel du gouvernement d'Ankara<br />
aux pays européens intervient<br />
après l'interdiction,"<br />
vendredi, par le gouvernement:<br />
allemand du PKK <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> trente,"<br />
quatre organisations parallèles <strong>et</strong>.<br />
la décision prise, mardi, par les'<br />
llutorités françaises <strong>de</strong> dissoudre<br />
<strong>de</strong>ux associations kur<strong>de</strong>s en<br />
France. - (AFP.)<br />
22
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
rH"III""ité - 2 déccmbrc<br />
~ ' ~<br />
" ,II"~;'~V "'".<br />
~~1J1~:t~_<br />
,- "'''- #....<br />
Après la rafle du<br />
18 norembre <strong>de</strong>rnier <strong>et</strong><br />
la récente décision du<br />
gourernement BaJ/adur<br />
d'interdire <strong>de</strong>ux<br />
associations kur<strong>de</strong>s,<br />
une ringtaine<br />
d'organisations<br />
appellent à un<br />
rassemblement ce jeudi<br />
à 18h 30, place <strong>de</strong> la<br />
République.<br />
A<br />
l'appel d'une vingtaine<br />
d'associations, syndicats<br />
<strong>et</strong> partis politiaues, dont<br />
le PCF, une mamf2Station <strong>de</strong><br />
t<br />
.'<br />
1l)l)3<br />
u guerre <strong>de</strong> l'Etat turc contre le peuple kur<strong>de</strong>: <strong>de</strong>s massacres répétés <strong>de</strong>puis <strong>de</strong>s années.<br />
Avec le peuple kur<strong>de</strong><br />
ce soir à <strong>Paris</strong><br />
solidarité avec le peuple kur<strong>de</strong><br />
se d;;roulera ce jeudi à 18 h 30,<br />
place <strong>de</strong> la République à <strong>Paris</strong>.<br />
C<strong>et</strong>te initiative. décidée il y a<br />
<strong>de</strong>ux semaines afin <strong>de</strong> « protester<br />
contre les arrestations arbitraires<br />
» opérées dans les milieux<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s le 18 novembre<br />
<strong>de</strong>rnier, prend une dimension<br />
nouvelle après la décision du<br />
gouvernement d'interdire, mercredi,<br />
<strong>de</strong>ux associations kur<strong>de</strong>s.<br />
Quelques jours après c<strong>et</strong>te rafle,<br />
le représentant du Comité<br />
du Kurdistan, Azad Dere, avait<br />
déclaré que celle-ci « répondai t<br />
à une <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> du gouvernement<br />
turc ». « Ce que nous attendons<br />
du gouvernement fran-<br />
çais. avait-il ajouté, c'est, au<br />
lieu d'encourager les massacres<br />
au Kurdistan, qu'il favorise une<br />
solution politique. » C<strong>et</strong> appel<br />
n'a pas été entendu par Matignon<br />
qui a donc décidé - sans<br />
réaction <strong>de</strong> l'Elysée - d'interdire<br />
le Comité du Kurdistan <strong>et</strong><br />
la Fédération <strong>de</strong>s associations<br />
culturelles <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs patriotes<br />
du Kurdistan (ainsi que<br />
les sept associations qu'elles regroupent).<br />
D'habitu<strong>de</strong> plus volubile,<br />
Charles Pasqua ne s'est pas<br />
laissé aller à quelques bavardages,<br />
mardi après-midi, lors <strong>de</strong> sa<br />
conference <strong>de</strong> presse où il a annoncé<br />
<strong>et</strong> justifié c<strong>et</strong>te décision<br />
auparav.lßt avalisÉe par le<br />
Conseil <strong>de</strong>s ministres. Même<br />
gêné aux entournures, le message<br />
du ministre <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur<br />
aura été on ne peut plus clair:<br />
« Aucune association ayant <strong>de</strong>s<br />
activi tés délictueuses ne sera tolérée,<br />
même si elle ne fait pas<br />
d'actions chez nous mais en fait<br />
dans d'autres pays. » Et Charles<br />
Pasqua d'ajouter en guise<br />
d'avertissement : « Il y a une<br />
nouvelle majorité en France qui<br />
souhaite que l'on n'accepte' aucune<br />
zone d'ombre sur le territoire.<br />
» Qu'importe alors, dans<br />
ces conditions, la liste - vraiment<br />
peu convaincante - <strong>de</strong>s<br />
griels <strong>de</strong> l'Etat français à l'encontre<br />
<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>ux associations<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s ...<br />
Si la politique du gouvernement<br />
Balladur en matière <strong>de</strong><br />
« sécurité intérieure » peut légi~<br />
timement inquiéter tous les dé.,<br />
mocrates, à Ankara - où l'on<br />
si connaît en matière d'ordre<br />
-, on applaudit <strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>ux<br />
mains. La réaction du gouvernement<br />
turc ne s'est d'ailleurs<br />
pas fait attendre : « La possibilité<br />
d'une coopération interna~<br />
tionale contre le PKK existe<br />
maintenant. Quand nous disions<br />
jadis que le PKK était un mouvement<br />
terroriste, l'Occi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
nous contrait en évoquant les<br />
droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme. Il semblerait<br />
mai n ten ant q u 'i I s Il i.t<br />
convaincu I), a déclaré, dès<br />
mardi soir, un porte-parole du<br />
gouvernement turc.<br />
Tellement « convaincu ~<br />
qu'aucun commentaire, à Par~<br />
comme à Bonn, n'a été fait sur<br />
le bombar<strong>de</strong>ment <strong>de</strong> villages<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s au nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak par<br />
l'aviation d'Ankara. Après l'Allemagne<br />
vendredi <strong>de</strong>rnier, qui a<br />
interdit, outre le PKK, 35 associations<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s, la France vient<br />
donc - au nom <strong>de</strong> Maastricht,<br />
s'il vous plaît, <strong>et</strong> sans états<br />
d'âme - d'apporter sa pierre à<br />
la guerre sans merci que livre,<br />
<strong>de</strong>puis <strong>de</strong>s décennies, l'Etat turc<br />
au peuple kur<strong>de</strong>.<br />
Mobilisation dans les Deux-Sèvres<br />
UN comité <strong>de</strong> soutien à<br />
Rojine Ayaz vient d'être<br />
creé dans les Deux-<br />
Sèvres. Il a publié l'appe\. suivant:<br />
« Par décision du ministère<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur, Rojine Ayaz est<br />
sous le coup d'un arrêté d'expulsion<br />
du territoire français.<br />
Actuellement arrachée à sa famille,<br />
elle subit une assignation<br />
à rési<strong>de</strong>nce à Saint-Pardoux<br />
dans les Deux-Sèvres. Le gouvernement<br />
français n'a rien à reprocher<br />
à c<strong>et</strong>te jeune fiIle<strong>de</strong><br />
dix-neuf ans, elle n'est ni intégriste<br />
ni terroriste <strong>et</strong> n'a participé<br />
à aucun rack<strong>et</strong>. Toute expulsion,<br />
notamment en Turquie,<br />
equivaudrait pour elle à un arrêt<br />
<strong>de</strong> mort. Tant qu'elle n'est<br />
pas libre en France, elle est en<br />
danger. C'est pourquoi le<br />
comité <strong>de</strong> soutien à Rojine Ayaz<br />
exige <strong>de</strong> M. le ministre <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur,<br />
sous couvert <strong>de</strong> M. le<br />
préf<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s Deux-Sèvres, <strong>de</strong> procé<strong>de</strong>r<br />
à sa libération immédiate<br />
<strong>et</strong> à sa réintégration dans ses<br />
droits antérieur~ liés à sa carte<br />
r1tSèj,:i. !,.ch France. I)<br />
C~! ;lflpel a reçu le soutien du<br />
PCf, <strong>de</strong>s Verts, <strong>de</strong> la FSU, <strong>de</strong><br />
i1\ CGT <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s personnalités suinotes:<br />
Bernard Bellec,<br />
maire PS <strong>de</strong> Niort; Clau<strong>de</strong><br />
Juin, maire PS <strong>de</strong> Bessine,<br />
conseiIler général, membre du<br />
conseil départemental du PS;<br />
Guy Vincent, adjoint PCF au<br />
maire <strong>de</strong> Niort; Robert Léon,<br />
adjoint PCF au maire <strong>de</strong> Niort<br />
el prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong> l'ADECR; Marcel<br />
Brelay, maire PCF<br />
d'Epanne; Marcel Eon, conseiller<br />
municipal PCF <strong>de</strong> Mauzé;<br />
Francis Vacker, secrétaire <strong>de</strong> la<br />
fedération dù PCF; Jean-Clau<strong>de</strong><br />
Sureau, secrétaire départemental<br />
<strong>de</strong> la CGT; Daniel Fasanino<br />
<strong>et</strong> la section du PCF <strong>de</strong> Gâtines;<br />
Marie-Clau<strong>de</strong> Raoul; Jean-<br />
Clau<strong>de</strong> Morisson; Dr Fasanino-<br />
Royer; M. <strong>et</strong> Mo< Warzawski;<br />
Nadia Vacker; Elisab<strong>et</strong>h Didier;<br />
Jean-Pierre Gélot; Marc<br />
Guitton.<br />
23
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO mi LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />
Opinion<br />
Bons .<br />
,<br />
<strong>et</strong>mauvalS<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
Pasqua vient <strong>de</strong><br />
découvrir <strong>de</strong><br />
• nouveaux réseaux<br />
terroristes: les associations<br />
<strong>de</strong> toutes natures regroupant<br />
<strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s réfugiés en<br />
France. Ces organisations'<br />
agissent publiquement<br />
<strong>de</strong>puis <strong>de</strong>s années <strong>et</strong> les<br />
autorités ne peuvent Ignorer<br />
leur existence. S'il s'agissait<br />
véritablement <strong>de</strong> repaires <strong>de</strong><br />
terroristes, cela signifierait<br />
,que les services qui<br />
renseignent Pasqua <strong>et</strong> ses<br />
prédécesseurs sont<br />
complètement aveugles. En<br />
fait, il est clair que la<br />
répression qui frappe les<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s, en France comme<br />
en Aliemagne, résulte <strong>de</strong> la<br />
,conclusion d'un accord avec<br />
,les représentants du<br />
:gouvernement turc, à la suite<br />
<strong>de</strong> la tournée que ceux-ci<br />
viennent d'effectuer en<br />
Europe.<br />
.Quelle est exactement la<br />
nature du marché passé<br />
avec Ankara? A quel prix les<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s ont-Ils été vendus?<br />
'.Lesa-toOnéchangés contre<br />
:quelques milliards <strong>de</strong><br />
eomman<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> matériel<br />
militaire ou s'agit-il<br />
seulement . d'obtenir les.<br />
"<br />
.bonnes grâces d'un Etat<br />
.jouant un rôle régional<br />
important? Nous le saurons<br />
peut-être plus tard. Quoi qu'il<br />
,en soit, chacun peut<br />
constater qu'il ya les bons <strong>et</strong><br />
les mauvais Kur<strong>de</strong>s.<br />
,Les bons Kur<strong>de</strong>s, à qui l'on<br />
a parachuté quelques<br />
tonnes <strong>de</strong> vivres <strong>de</strong>vant les<br />
caméras <strong>de</strong> télévision,<br />
quand Saddam Hussein les<br />
massacrall à l'ai<strong>de</strong> d'engins<br />
fabriqués d'ailleurs pour<br />
une bonne part en France.<br />
Les mauvais Kur<strong>de</strong>s, qui<br />
osent réciamer la possibilité<br />
<strong>de</strong> disposer d'eux-mêmes<br />
face à l'un <strong>de</strong>s Etats qui la<br />
leur refusent <strong>de</strong>puis<br />
quelques générations. La<br />
différence, c'est que c<strong>et</strong><br />
. Etat, la Turquie, connu pour<br />
<strong>de</strong>s métho<strong>de</strong>s terroristes<br />
qui valent celles <strong>de</strong> Saddam<br />
Hussein, se trouve être<br />
l'alliée du moment du<br />
gouvernement français.<br />
La revendication <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s est légitime <strong>et</strong> force<br />
est <strong>de</strong> constater que<br />
l'organisation qui mène ce<br />
,combat, le Parti <strong>de</strong>s<br />
travailleurs kur<strong>de</strong>s, qu'on<br />
partage ses positions ou<br />
non, parait avoir <strong>de</strong> fortes<br />
assises dans la population.<br />
Ce peuple a droit à notre<br />
solidariié, face à la<br />
répression féroce qu'II subit<br />
en Turquie comme face aux<br />
complices français <strong>de</strong>s<br />
tortionnaires d'Ankara.<br />
Gérard Delteil<br />
Ecrivain<br />
Rojine toujours assignée<br />
àresi<strong>de</strong>nce<br />
ROlINE<br />
AYAZ, jeune<br />
femmekur<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> dix-neuf<br />
, ans, fait partie <strong>de</strong> ces<br />
militants ou sympathisants d'associations<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s arrêtés lors <strong>de</strong><br />
la rafle du 18 novembre <strong>de</strong>rnier,<br />
organisée par le gouvernement<br />
français. Elle a été conduite, les<br />
menottes aux poign<strong>et</strong>s; au siège<br />
<strong>de</strong>s. Renseignements généraux,<br />
où elle a subi pendant près <strong>de</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong>ux jours un interrogatoire.<br />
Les pressions psychologiques ne<br />
sont évi<strong>de</strong>mment pas absentes.<br />
On l'a accusée d'être une terroriste<br />
<strong>et</strong> d'avoir organisé <strong>de</strong>s rack<strong>et</strong>s.<br />
Nous avions rencontré Rojine<br />
dans le p<strong>et</strong>it hôtel <strong>de</strong> Saint-<br />
Pardoux (Deux-Sèvres) où elle<br />
est assignée à rési<strong>de</strong>nce. Elle<br />
nous avait dit ses craintes <strong>et</strong> ses<br />
espoirs (voir « l'Humanité » du<br />
25 novembre). Aujourd'hui,<br />
dans sa rési<strong>de</strong>nce forcée, Rojine<br />
n'est pas seule. Une campagne<br />
<strong>de</strong> solidarité s'est développée<br />
autour d'elle. Tous les jours,<br />
elle reçoit <strong>de</strong>s visites <strong>et</strong> la presse<br />
lui est apportée.<br />
A ce jour, les autorités françaises<br />
n'ont fourni aucune<br />
preuve qui puisse corroborer<br />
leurs accusations. Alors, pourquoi<br />
le ministre <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur<br />
menace toujours d'expulser Rojine?<br />
Le ministère prétexte le secr<strong>et</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong> l'instruction mais aucune<br />
charge n'a été r<strong>et</strong>enue<br />
contre elle <strong>et</strong> aucune mise en<br />
examenn'a été effectuée.<br />
CHRISTOPHE DECROIX<br />
I<br />
La réaction grecque<br />
Le ministre grec aux Affaires<br />
européennes, Théodoros<br />
Pangalos, a déclaré mardi<br />
qu'il n'était pas « près <strong>de</strong><br />
conseiller" aux Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong><br />
m<strong>et</strong>tre fin à leurs actions.<br />
Poursuivant actuellement une<br />
tournée <strong>de</strong> préparation <strong>de</strong> la<br />
prési<strong>de</strong>nce grecque <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Union européenne, il a<br />
déploré l'usage par les<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s du PKK <strong>de</strong> la violence<br />
pour « régler leurs problèmes<br />
<strong>et</strong> pour réclamer It!urs<br />
droits ". Cependant, a-t-il<br />
ajouté, « ont-ils un autre<br />
débouché? Ont-ils un moyen<br />
pacifique pour exercer leurs<br />
droits contre leurs tyrans? "<br />
« S'ils n'ont pas une telle<br />
possibilité, que pouvons-nous,<br />
nous autres Européens, leur<br />
conseiller? Est-ce la<br />
soumission, la solution idéale<br />
pour eux?", s'est exclamé<br />
Théodoros Pangalos. Le<br />
ministre grec avait<br />
violemment critiqué, jeudi<br />
<strong>de</strong>rnier, l'Allemagne pour<br />
«ses rêves<br />
pangermaniques " ainsi que<br />
'la Turquie, qu'il avait accusée<br />
<strong>de</strong> « trainer ses bottes<br />
ensanglantées sur les tapis<br />
européens ".<br />
!~ , . .<br />
..Rojine Ayaz, jeu,,~ Kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> dix-neuf ans ~ssignée à rési<strong>de</strong>nce<br />
dans les Deux-Sèvres.<br />
• ANKAkA. La Cour constitu- '<br />
tionnelle turque a décidé,<br />
mardi soir, à l'unanimité, la<br />
dissolution du Parti socialiste<br />
<strong>de</strong> Turquie (PST), son programme<br />
étant jugé contraire à<br />
la loi sur les partis politiques<br />
<strong>et</strong> à la Constitution. C'est le<br />
douzième parti dissous par la<br />
Haute Cour pour <strong>de</strong>s raisons'<br />
similaires.<br />
24
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />
18<br />
Turkish Probe December 2, 1993<br />
Human Rights Diary<br />
The trial of Yurt publishing house owner Ünsal<br />
Oztürk,. who published outlawed Kurdistan Workers'<br />
Party (PKK) lea<strong>de</strong>r Abdullah Öcalan's book "12th September<br />
Fascism and the PKK rebellion" in November<br />
1992, en<strong>de</strong>d at the Ankara State Security Court<br />
(DGM). Oztürk has been sentenced to one year in<br />
prison and fined TL 100 million. ÖztQrk insists the <strong>de</strong>cision<br />
is unjust. "I have been sentenced as if I were<br />
the book's writer," he said.<br />
(Newspapers, Nov. 24)<br />
Education authorities paid homage to 70 teachers<br />
killed by the PKK in nine years of a violent separatist<br />
campaign. "It is inhuman to kill teachers who carry not<br />
arms but books and the light of knowledge," Mustafa<br />
Gazalcl, head of a teachers union, saici. PKK militants<br />
have targ<strong>et</strong>ed teachers who are seen as perp<strong>et</strong>uating<br />
Turkish cultural dominance. No Kurdish is taught at<br />
schools as Turkish is the officiai language. PKK terrorists<br />
have killed at least 40 primary school teachers in<br />
remote villages and haml<strong>et</strong>s of the region this year including<br />
at least 10 female teachers. They have<br />
torched scores of schoolhouses and more than 1,500<br />
institutions in the Southeast remain closed for fear of<br />
attack.<br />
(Newspapers, Nov. 25)<br />
The DGM or<strong>de</strong>red the closure of the pro.PKK daily<br />
Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m for 15 days and sentenced its former<br />
editor 1~lkYurtçu to two years in prison for publishing<br />
PKK views. This is the second court or<strong>de</strong>r in four days<br />
against the newspaper. On Monday the court or<strong>de</strong>red<br />
the newspaper to be closed for 15 days for publishing<br />
an interview with PKK lea<strong>de</strong>r Abdullah Ocalan. On<br />
Thursday the court also imposed fines on Yurtçu and<br />
the newspaper's imprisoned publisher, Ya~ar Kaya.<br />
The court has brought more than 70 charges against<br />
the newspaper since it began publishing in April 1992.<br />
Six reporters from Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m have been killed<br />
un<strong>de</strong>r mysterious circumstances. Four of its editors<br />
are already in jail. Publisher Kaya, who is head of the<br />
pro-Kurdish Democracy Party (DEP), was sentenced<br />
to two years in prison for making pro-separatist<br />
speeches. (Newspapers, Nov. 26)<br />
Fifteen pro-Kurdish DEP members, including DEP<br />
Ankara provincial administrators, have been taken into<br />
custody by security forces in Ankara, a DEP statement<br />
said. (Newspapers, Nov. 27)<br />
Nine British tra<strong>de</strong> unionists briefly <strong>de</strong>tained in<br />
southeast Turkey r<strong>et</strong>urned home accusing the Turkish<br />
authorities of persecuting the region's Kurdish community.<br />
The nine say they were held by militaryofficials<br />
Friday with another British tra<strong>de</strong> unionist, a French national<br />
and a Dane. The group had traveled to the<br />
Kurdish village of Birik to investigate reports that the<br />
military and police were torching the village and<br />
mur<strong>de</strong>ring the villagers. They said a group of sol.<br />
diers surroun<strong>de</strong>d them and "marched us out of the<br />
village and into a field. We thought we were going<br />
to be shot."<br />
(Newspapers, Nov. 29)<br />
The Ankara State Security Court (DGM) sentenced<br />
playwright Numan Bakta~ to 20 months imprisonment<br />
and fined him TL 208 million for the<br />
publication of "Canon for Rebellion and Rejuvenation,"<br />
a book that relates the 1982 experiences of<br />
PKK convicts in a Diyarbakir prison. The court ruled<br />
that Bakta~ was guilty of spreading subversive<br />
Kurdish propaganda.<br />
(Cumhurly<strong>et</strong>, Nov. 29)<br />
Sabiha D~an, mother of Selma DoQan -- a high<br />
school stu<strong>de</strong>nt killed alongsi<strong>de</strong> Erol Yalçln, an alleged<br />
leftist militant, last Friday in a police raid in Istanbul<br />
-- claimed that her daughter was not a terrorist<br />
and that police were lying. "My daughter was neither<br />
a militant nor a member of any organization.<br />
"Police killed her as she was hiding behind an armchair,"<br />
she said. Selma's brother Can alleged that<br />
police tortured him, forcing him to sign documents<br />
that said his sister was a terrorist.<br />
(Cumhurly<strong>et</strong>, Nov. 29)<br />
Adnan 1~lk,30, a worker at the Diyarbakir distribution<br />
office of the'pro-PKK Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m daily,<br />
was gunned down by uni<strong>de</strong>ntified gunmen.<br />
(Cumhurly<strong>et</strong>, Nov. 29)<br />
An Istanbul court released six Manchester United<br />
soccer fans, saying they were free to leave the<br />
country. Their passports were r<strong>et</strong>urned. The court<br />
took four hours to reach its <strong>de</strong>cision to allow the six<br />
to r<strong>et</strong>um home, but did not drop the charges against<br />
them. The judge adjourned the case until Dec. 8.<br />
The six, charged with damaging property and<br />
drunken and disor<strong>de</strong>rly behaviour, were arrested<br />
before their team's European Cup tie against Istanbul's<br />
Galatasaray on Nov. 10.<br />
(Newspapers. Dec. 1)<br />
A statement by the Iraqi Kurdistan Democratic<br />
Party (KDP) said that Turkish warplanes indiscriminately<br />
bombed on Monday two Kurdish villages in<br />
the Barzan region insi<strong>de</strong> Iraqi Kurdistan. "The latest<br />
air raid killed three civilians and woun<strong>de</strong>d six children<br />
in the villages of Hiezen and Siena. These villages<br />
are located nearly 40 kilom<strong>et</strong>ers insi<strong>de</strong> northern<br />
Iraq.<br />
(Newspapers. Dec. 1)<br />
25
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />
LE NOUVEL OBSERVATEUR - 2 décembre 1993<br />
LUTTE ANTITERRORISTE ET GESTICULATION SÉCURITAIRE ture systématique <strong>de</strong>s détenus, disparitions,.<br />
Les mMste' res <strong>de</strong> la rafle ant.- Kur<strong>de</strong>s exécutions sommaires, bombar<strong>de</strong>ment <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s-<br />
Après avoir réclamé <strong>et</strong> obtenu - avec l'aval du. qu'aucune arme, aucun explosif, aucun, détonaprési<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
<strong>de</strong> la République - une réforme <strong>de</strong> la teur n'a été saisi par les enquêteurs. Tout se passe,<br />
Constitution qui lui a permis d'introduire dans en fait, comme si le ministère <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur était<br />
la loi sur l'immigration un amen<strong>de</strong>ment limitant en train d'introduire, sournoisement, sinon dans le<br />
le droit d'asile, Charles Pasqua est-il aujourd'hui. droit français, du moins dans la pratique policière,<br />
en train d'entreprendre une réforme sauvage du la notion <strong>de</strong> « terrorisme virtuel », c'est-à-dire le<br />
Co<strong>de</strong> pénal? On pourrait le croire au vu <strong>de</strong>s délit d'opinion;<br />
conditions dans lesquelles ont été mis en exa- Tous les spécialistes <strong>de</strong> la question kur<strong>de</strong> le samen<br />
24 <strong>de</strong>s quelque 100 Kur<strong>de</strong>s interpellés lors vent, le PKK n'est pas un club <strong>de</strong> pacifistes. Il<br />
<strong>de</strong> la rafle du 18 novembre. Sur quoi repose le vient d'être interdit en Allemagne. Il recomman<strong>de</strong><br />
chef d' « association <strong>de</strong> malfaiteurs en relation avec <strong>et</strong> pratique, en Turquie, la lutte armée au nom du<br />
une entreprise terroriste ,)r<strong>et</strong>enu contre les Kur<strong>de</strong>s combat pour l'indépendance. Créé dans la clanincarcérés<br />
ou placés sous contrôle judiciaire par <strong>de</strong>stinité en 1979, le PKK, dont l'idéologie s'insles<br />
juges d'instruction Laurence Le Vert <strong>et</strong> pire d'un paléo-marxisme-lénisme plutôt rigi<strong>de</strong>,<br />
Roger Le Loire? Sur la découverte, selon les po- .est passé à l'action directe au début <strong>de</strong>s années 80,<br />
liciers, <strong>de</strong> documents du Parti <strong>de</strong>s Travailleurs à la suite <strong>de</strong> l'interdiction <strong>de</strong> la langue kur<strong>de</strong> en<br />
du Kurdistan (PKK), <strong>de</strong> listes <strong>de</strong> noms, <strong>de</strong> car- Turquie. Ses représailles contre les villageois du<br />
n<strong>et</strong>s à souche, <strong>de</strong> sommes d'argent <strong>et</strong> d' « élé- sud-est du pays, accusés <strong>de</strong> collaboration avec l'arments<br />
pouvant avoir un rapport avec les différents mée turque, sont dénoncées chaque année par le<br />
attentats au co.cktail Molotov qui ont visé, ces <strong>de</strong>r- rapport d'Amnesty Internatidnal. Tout comme<br />
nières semaines, la Banque du BO$phore à <strong>Paris</strong> i). sont dénoncées les exactions <strong>de</strong> l'armée turque<br />
Quels « éléments » ? Mystère. On sait seulement dans sa lutte contre les séparatistes kur<strong>de</strong>s: tor-<br />
I -.. truction <strong>de</strong>s villages réputés séparatistes. Et<br />
L'arrestation <strong>et</strong> la mise en examen <strong>de</strong> dizaines <strong>de</strong> membres du Par.ti<strong>de</strong>s .~ela~lors qu'A,nkaraest candidat à l'entrée dans<br />
Travailleurs du Kurdistan ne reposent sur aucun élément concr<strong>et</strong> perm<strong>et</strong>tant IUmon europeenne.<br />
d'i<strong>de</strong>ntifier une quelconque menace terroriste Le droit à l'indépendance <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s - aujourd'hui<br />
au nombre <strong>de</strong> 25 millions, répartis.<br />
entre la Turquie, l'Irak, l'Iran, la Syrie <strong>et</strong> les ré-<br />
. publiques du Caucase - a pourtant été reconnu,<br />
en 1920, par le traité <strong>de</strong> Sèvres. Et «( /es .<br />
droits du peuple kur<strong>de</strong>» ont été rappelés, le 12<br />
juin 1992 par le Parlement européen. Les <strong>de</strong>ux .<br />
principaux dirigeants <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s d'Irak, Massoud<br />
Barzani <strong>et</strong> Jalal Talabani, ont été reçus en<br />
août 1992 puis en juill<strong>et</strong> 1993 par François.<br />
Mitterrand, qui leur a affirmé que « les Kur<strong>de</strong>s'<br />
pouvaient compter sur la France i). Jalal Talabani.a<br />
même reçu une l<strong>et</strong>tre d'Alain Juppé confirmant<br />
le soutien <strong>de</strong> la France ~ la cause kur<strong>de</strong>. Jusqu'à.<br />
présent, les Kur<strong>de</strong>s ont répondu à ce soutien en<br />
se gardant <strong>de</strong> tout acte <strong>de</strong> terrorisme en territoire<br />
français. Mais ces faits, comme les engagements<br />
solennels <strong>de</strong>s dirigeants français<br />
pèsent <strong>de</strong> peu <strong>de</strong> poids face aux gesticulations<br />
sécuritaires <strong>de</strong> Charles Pasqua. Surtout lorsque<br />
<strong>Paris</strong> est en concurrence avec Washington pour<br />
vendre <strong>de</strong>s Airbus, <strong>de</strong>s canons <strong>et</strong> vin~<br />
hélicoptères Cougar à Ankara.<br />
René l~(;kmann<br />
Le Mon<strong>de</strong> - Jeudi 2 décembre 1993<br />
APrès les coups <strong>de</strong> fil<strong>et</strong> policiers dans les milieux kur<strong>de</strong>s. <strong>et</strong> islamistes en France<br />
• DISSOLUTION. le gouvernement<br />
a annoncé, mardi<br />
30 novembre en conseil <strong>de</strong>s<br />
ministres, la dissolution <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux<br />
organisations kur<strong>de</strong>s en France,<br />
présentées par le ministre <strong>de</strong><br />
l'intérieur comme les « faça<strong>de</strong>s<br />
légales du parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs<br />
du Kurdistan (PKK) Il. la dissolution<br />
du Comité du Ku:distan <strong>et</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong> la Fédération <strong>de</strong>s associations<br />
culturelles <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs<br />
patriotes du Kurdistan en France<br />
(Vekkom) intervient après l'interdiction<br />
du PKK décidée le<br />
26 novembre en Allemagne.<br />
• STRATÉGIE POLlCI~RE. les<br />
<strong>de</strong>ux décr<strong>et</strong>s <strong>de</strong> dissolution pris<br />
en conseil <strong>de</strong>s ministres font<br />
suite à l'opération policière du<br />
18 novembre qui s'était soldée<br />
par l'incarcération <strong>de</strong> vingt sym.<br />
. pathisants kur<strong>de</strong>s du PKK en<br />
France. Après la rafle du même<br />
type opérée dans les milieux<br />
islamistes, début novembre, le<br />
gouvernement envoie un avertissement<br />
aux groupes clan<strong>de</strong>stins<br />
installés dans l'Hexagone.<br />
• RÉACTIONS. Tandis qu'An.<br />
kara faisait connaitre sa « satisfaction<br />
», plusieurs partis <strong>et</strong><br />
associations se sont indignés en<br />
France <strong>de</strong> la décision <strong>de</strong>s autorités<br />
françaises.<br />
26<br />
Deux organisations réputées proches du PKK<br />
sont dissoutes par décr<strong>et</strong><br />
Le conseil <strong>de</strong>s ministres a<br />
annoncé, mardi 30 novembre, la<br />
dissolution <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux organisations<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s réputées proches<br />
du Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du<br />
Kurdistan (PKK), à la <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong><br />
. du ministre <strong>de</strong> l'intérieur, Char,<br />
les Pasqua. Il s'agit du Comité<br />
du Kurdistan <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la Fédéra •<br />
tion <strong>de</strong>s associations culturelles<br />
<strong>de</strong>s tr~v.ail1eurs patriotes du<br />
Kurdls,anen France (Yekkoni<br />
Kurdistan), ains,! qlJe dts sept<br />
associations qu'elles regroupent.<br />
Pris sur la base <strong>de</strong> la loi du<br />
10 janvier 1936 relative aux<br />
« groupes <strong>de</strong> combat <strong>et</strong> .milices<br />
privées», les <strong>de</strong>ux décr<strong>et</strong>s <strong>de</strong><br />
dissolution ont imputé à ces<br />
associations <strong>de</strong>s « manifestations<br />
armées dans la rue », « teur<br />
forme <strong>et</strong> leur organisation militaire»<br />
présentant le «caractère<br />
<strong>de</strong> groupes <strong>de</strong> combat ou <strong>de</strong><br />
milices privées ». ainsi que leur<br />
participation « sur le territoire<br />
. français ou à partir <strong>de</strong> ce terri.<br />
taire, à <strong>de</strong>s agissements <strong>et</strong>}.vue<br />
<strong>de</strong> provoquer <strong>de</strong>s actes <strong>de</strong> terrorisme<br />
en France ou à l'étran.<br />
ger ». Un rapport d'une dizaine<br />
d.e pages, dét~il1!lnt les faits<br />
reprochés dans le cadre <strong>de</strong> la loi<br />
<strong>de</strong> 1936, avait été remis au prési<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
<strong>de</strong> la République.<br />
« Ces associations sont les<br />
faça<strong>de</strong>s légales du PKK qui. en<br />
France comme dans d'outres<br />
pays d'Europe, se livre à <strong>de</strong>s<br />
actions <strong>de</strong> caractère terroriste ou<br />
délictuel, qu'il n'est pas possible<br />
<strong>de</strong> tolérer sur notre sol », a commenté<br />
M. Pasqua, après le<br />
conseiL Le. ministre a cité <strong>de</strong>s<br />
j<strong>et</strong>s d'engins incendiairés, le<br />
29 octobre contre la Banque du<br />
Bosphore, à <strong>Paris</strong> <strong>et</strong> à Londres,<br />
puis le 4 novembre contre le<br />
consulat <strong>de</strong> Turquie à Strasbour,_<br />
Il a rappelé la prise<br />
d'ot~ges du consulat <strong>de</strong> Turquie,<br />
le 9' aoat à Marseille, «plusieurs<br />
assâssinats ious forme <strong>de</strong> règle•.<br />
ments <strong>de</strong> compte en France»<br />
entre 1987 <strong>et</strong> 1992, ainsi que<br />
« l'enlèvement <strong>de</strong> quatre touristes<br />
français en Turquie, commenté<br />
<strong>de</strong> <strong>Paris</strong> par. !ln porte-parole du<br />
mouvement ». .<br />
Précisant que.« l'immense<br />
majorité» <strong>de</strong>s soixante mille<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s vivant en France n'aspirent<br />
qu'à s'inté$rer à la com-<br />
.munauté française, <strong>et</strong> qq'i1<br />
n'était pas question d'interdire<br />
les « ",ultiples associations<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s qui ont un obj<strong>et</strong> culturel<br />
». il a affirmé que les<br />
mesures prises « ne sont en<br />
aucune façon dirigées contre le:<br />
peuple kur<strong>de</strong> ».<br />
Le MRAP a aussitôt dénoncé'<br />
<strong>de</strong>s décisions arrêtées « sous le.<br />
prétexte <strong>de</strong> la chasse aux terroristes»<br />
<strong>et</strong> a appelé à tine man!-<br />
fe.t~tioit, jeudi soir 2 déëembre,<br />
<strong>de</strong> la République à la Bastille.<br />
SOS-Racisme a qualifié les dis-<br />
.solutions d'«actes graves portant<br />
atteinte à la liberté d'expression»<br />
<strong>et</strong> s'est inquiété « du risque<br />
<strong>de</strong> dérive qui rési<strong>de</strong> dans la<br />
confusidnentre la séclfrité néce$saire<br />
du territoire <strong>et</strong> la politique<br />
diplomatique <strong>de</strong> la France à<br />
l'égard <strong>de</strong> la Turquie »; Evo.<br />
quant une «forfaiture », Alain<br />
Krivine a déclaré, pour la LCR,<br />
que « MM. Balladur <strong>et</strong> Pasqùa<br />
(...) bafouent I~ droit /è plus élémentaire<br />
'd'hommes <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />
femmes qui ont da fuir les exac.<br />
t/ons du régime d'Ankara ».<br />
E.. In.
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA<br />
STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
le messale <strong>de</strong>s opérations « CluysantIJeme» <strong>et</strong> «Bouge-Bose »<br />
Avec les rafles <strong>de</strong> novembre, le ministre <strong>de</strong> j'intérieur, Charles Pasqua, lance<br />
un avertissement allX mouvements clan<strong>de</strong>stins installés dans l'Hexagone<br />
Les noms <strong>de</strong> co<strong>de</strong> policier <strong>de</strong>s<br />
coups <strong>de</strong> fil<strong>et</strong> réalisés contre les<br />
islamistes algériens, puis contre les<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> Turquie, étaient d'inspiration<br />
florale: l'opération «Chrysanthème»<br />
visant les islamistes, le<br />
9 novembre, avait été suivie par<br />
l'opération «Rouge-Rose », le<br />
18 novembre, contre les milieux<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s. Adressé aux mouvements<br />
clan<strong>de</strong>stins installés en France, le<br />
message <strong>de</strong> Charles Pasqua à l'issue<br />
<strong>de</strong> ces opérations m<strong>et</strong> en avant <strong>de</strong>s<br />
considérations policières, même si<br />
les motivations gouvernementales<br />
sont politiques <strong>et</strong> les arrière-pensées<br />
diplomatiques.<br />
Evaluées à l'aune policière, les<br />
rafles <strong>de</strong> novembre ont pourtant<br />
donné <strong>de</strong>s résultats contrastés. L'action<br />
dirigée contre les sympathisants<br />
du Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du<br />
Kurdistan (PKK) a conduit à l'incarcération<br />
<strong>de</strong> vingt Kur<strong>de</strong>s qui ont<br />
été mis en examen pour «association<br />
<strong>de</strong> malfaiteurs en relation avec<br />
une entreprise terroriste» <strong>et</strong><br />
«extorsion <strong>de</strong> fonds». Presque tous<br />
appartenaient à l'une <strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>ux<br />
associations dissoutes, comment<strong>et</strong>-on<br />
du côté <strong>de</strong>s enquêteurs: le<br />
Comité du Kurdistan <strong>et</strong> le Yekkom<br />
leur servaient <strong>de</strong> paravent; le premier,<br />
comme interface entre le<br />
PKK <strong>et</strong> les milieux politico-médiatiques;<br />
le second, pour faire fonctionner<br />
un vaste réseau d'extorsion<br />
<strong>de</strong> fonds prélevant 1'«impôt révolutionnaire»<br />
au profit du PKK, <strong>de</strong><br />
gré ou <strong>de</strong> force, dans la communauté<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>.<br />
La moisson <strong>de</strong> documents similaires<br />
saisis lors <strong>de</strong>s perquisitions<br />
'opérées dans une trentaine <strong>de</strong><br />
départements - <strong>de</strong>s listes <strong>de</strong> noms<br />
<strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s, commerçants ou parti-<br />
.culiers relativement aisés, avec <strong>de</strong>s<br />
sommes d'argent <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s dates en<br />
face <strong>de</strong> chaque nom, ainsi que <strong>de</strong>s<br />
récépissés <strong>de</strong> versement <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s<br />
talons <strong>de</strong> chèques - a renforcé c<strong>et</strong>te<br />
conviction, précise-t-on <strong>de</strong> même<br />
source.<br />
A Montpellier, une liste portant<br />
cinquante-<strong>de</strong>ux noms kur<strong>de</strong>s a<br />
ainsi été découverte. Au niveau<br />
central, dans l'appartement parisien<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'un <strong>de</strong>s responsables associatifs<br />
les plus influents <strong>de</strong> la communauté<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>, un document manuscrit<br />
récapitulant les sommes<br />
recueillies dans l'Hexagone <strong>de</strong> janvier<br />
à septembre - 5 millions <strong>de</strong><br />
francs à <strong>Paris</strong> <strong>et</strong> 2,2 millions en<br />
province - a été découvert. Des<br />
virements <strong>de</strong> fonds entre la France<br />
<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s associations kur<strong>de</strong>s en<br />
Europe, notamment en Allemagne,<br />
ont été relevés. 11restera à obtenir<br />
les témoignages <strong>de</strong>s «victimes»<br />
d'extorsions <strong>de</strong> fonds, opérées avec<br />
ou sans menaces physiques. Les<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s soumis au rack<strong>et</strong> s'y refusent<br />
généralement, comme l'attestent<br />
les instructions judiciaires<br />
engagées, à Rouen, à Strasbourg ou<br />
à <strong>Paris</strong>, contre d'autres militants<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s. Enfin, <strong>de</strong>s documents du<br />
PKK ont été trouvés chez .la plupart<br />
<strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s écroués, ainsi<br />
que - chez certains d'entre eux -<br />
<strong>de</strong>s échanges <strong>de</strong> correspondance<br />
avec <strong>de</strong>s chefs historiques <strong>de</strong> ce<br />
parti.<br />
Réseaux<br />
embryonnaires<br />
L'opération «Chrysanthème»<br />
s'était soldée par un bilan moins<br />
éloquent. Les informations collectées<br />
lors <strong>de</strong>s perquisitions ont<br />
certes permis aux services <strong>de</strong> renseignement<br />
- la Direction <strong>de</strong> la<br />
surveillance du territoire (DST) <strong>et</strong><br />
les Renseignements généraux (RG)<br />
- <strong>de</strong> préciser leur connaissance <strong>de</strong>s<br />
milieux favorables au FIS. 11s'agissait<br />
en particulier .<strong>de</strong> son<strong>de</strong>r l'importance<br />
prise, en leur sein, par<br />
ceux qui seraient étroitement liés<br />
aux «militaires» du mouvement.<br />
Des éléments concr<strong>et</strong>s - télécopies<br />
ou courriers - prouvant le rôle<br />
<strong>de</strong> courroie <strong>de</strong> transmission joué<br />
par la Fraternité algérienne en<br />
France (FAF) auprès <strong>de</strong>s instances<br />
dirigeantes du FIS à l'étranger ont<br />
bien été réunis. Mais trois personnes<br />
seulement ont été écrouées,<br />
<strong>et</strong> huit assignées à rési<strong>de</strong>nce.<br />
Conclusion : les réseaux proches du<br />
FIS n'existent guère qu'à l'état<br />
embryonnaire dans l'Hexagone.<br />
Seule la découverte <strong>de</strong> composants<br />
électroniques pouvant perm<strong>et</strong>tre le<br />
déclenchement d'explosifs à distance,<br />
dans un appartement d'Orléaps,<br />
a pu donner un début <strong>de</strong><br />
consistance à l'hypothèse d'une<br />
ai<strong>de</strong> logistique au noyau «militaire»<br />
<strong>de</strong>s Algériens. Tout cela<br />
explique que la FAF n'a pas été<br />
dissoute, pour l'heure, même si ses<br />
principaux acteurs sont désormais<br />
sous haute surveillance policière.<br />
S'appuyant sur ces <strong>de</strong>ux opérations<br />
policières au bilan nuancé,<br />
M. Pasqua a surtout voulu adresser<br />
un « message» aux groupes clan<strong>de</strong>stins<br />
installés dans l'Hexagone. Si<br />
le ministre ne les a pas cités, on<br />
peut considérer que le coup <strong>de</strong><br />
semonce s'adressait notamment<br />
aux Basques d'ET A, aux Moudjahidins<br />
du peuple iraniens, aux<br />
Tamouls sri-lankais <strong>et</strong> aux Sikhs<br />
indiens: « La France n'acceptera<br />
pas, quelles que soient les motivations<br />
ou les idéologies, que soit installée<br />
sur son sol une quelconque<br />
organisation qui ne respecterait pas<br />
les lois <strong>de</strong> la République ou qui se<br />
livrerait à <strong>de</strong>s activités <strong>de</strong> nature<br />
terroriste ou délic/uelle, a asséné<br />
M. Pasqua, mardi 30 novembre.<br />
Elle n'acceptera pas que <strong>de</strong>s organisations<br />
puissent entreprendre, à partir<br />
<strong>de</strong> son sol national, <strong>de</strong>s actions<br />
terroristes ou délictuelles contre<br />
d'autres Etats.»<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>», dont «chacun sait tes souf<br />
fiances <strong>et</strong> les difficultés ~~.<br />
Prise quatre jours après l'interdiction<br />
du PKK <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> ses satellites<br />
en Allemagne, la décision française<br />
n'en apparaît pas moins comme le<br />
fruit <strong>de</strong> la campagne diplomatique<br />
lancée par la Turquie en Europe (le<br />
Mon<strong>de</strong> daté 28-29 novembre). Réunis<br />
lundi 29 novembre à Bruxelles,<br />
les ministres <strong>de</strong> la police <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Douze ont d'ailleurs évoqué les<br />
affaires <strong>de</strong> terrorisme en Europe,<br />
lors d'une séance à huis clos du<br />
conseil <strong>de</strong>s affaires intérieures.<br />
<strong>Paris</strong> « n 'a pas /'intention <strong>de</strong> prendre<br />
parti dans les conflits qui peuvent<br />
opposer un certain nombre <strong>de</strong><br />
mouvements kur<strong>de</strong>s aux gouvernement<br />
<strong>de</strong>s Etats qui sont concernés »,<br />
a indiqué M. Pasqua, au moment<br />
où l'aviation turque bombardait<br />
<strong>de</strong>s positions kur<strong>de</strong>s en Turquie <strong>et</strong><br />
en Irak.<br />
C<strong>et</strong>te ferm<strong>et</strong>é gouvernementale<br />
risque en tout cas d'aviver les<br />
menaces terroristes contre <strong>de</strong>s ressortissants<br />
ou <strong>de</strong>s intérêts français.<br />
Du côté islamiste, les risques d'attentats<br />
sont 'd'abord évi<strong>de</strong>nts sur le<br />
territoire algérien. Du côté kur<strong>de</strong>,<br />
les spécialistes français <strong>de</strong> la lutte<br />
antiterroriste ont observé avec<br />
inquiétu<strong>de</strong> la simultanéité <strong>de</strong>s<br />
attentats commis ces <strong>de</strong>rniers<br />
mois - en France <strong>et</strong> en Angl<strong>et</strong>erre,<br />
Politiquement, Charles Pasqua<br />
fait le pari d'un soutien populaire à<br />
une stratégie <strong>de</strong> ferm<strong>et</strong>é contre les<br />
étrangers qui ne respectaient pas - en Suisse <strong>et</strong> au Danemark - contre<br />
la police le savait <strong>de</strong>puis <strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>s intérêts turcs (<strong>de</strong>s locaux<br />
années - les lois républicaines. Au consulaires ou <strong>de</strong>s agences bancaires);<br />
c<strong>et</strong>te capacité d'actions à<br />
risque, bien sûr, <strong>de</strong> raviver les<br />
réflexes xénophobes <strong>de</strong> ceux qui caractère militaire inquiète d'autant<br />
sont prompts aux amalgames communautaires.<br />
Le ministre prend més à la dure loi du marxisme-léni-<br />
plus qu'elle émane <strong>de</strong> militants for-<br />
pourtant soin <strong>de</strong> justifier son action nisme <strong>de</strong> guerre. Or, les menaces<br />
contre le PKK en soulignant « la du PKK ont déjà été exprimées<br />
pression constante accompagnée après l'interdiction prononcée en<br />
d'utilisation <strong>de</strong> moyens qui confinent<br />
à la terreur pour extorquer <strong>de</strong>s le Front <strong>de</strong> libération nationale du<br />
Allemagne: sa branche politique -<br />
fonds à la communauté kur<strong>de</strong> [qui Kurdistan - avait alors annoncé<br />
a] le droit <strong>de</strong> vivre en liberté <strong>et</strong> en que «l'Allemagne <strong>et</strong> les intérêts allemands<br />
[allaient] attirer la colère du<br />
sécurité sur notre territoire, sous la<br />
protection <strong>de</strong> nos lo;s». M. Pasqua peuple kur<strong>de</strong>», dans un communiqué<br />
diffusé vendredi 26 novembre<br />
parie aussi sur la démobilisation<br />
d'une gauche française, qui pouvait à <strong>Paris</strong> par le Comité du Kurdistan.<br />
Si <strong>de</strong>s menaces <strong>de</strong>vaient viser<br />
difficilement manifester <strong>de</strong> la sympathie<br />
pour <strong>de</strong>s islamistes partisans la France, elles ne passeraient plus<br />
du FIS, mais pourrait se montrer par le truchement <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te organisation,<br />
puisque le Comité du Kur-<br />
plus solidaire avec les opprimés du<br />
Kurdistan. 11a donc précisé que les distan est à présent dissous.<br />
dissolutions n'étaient « en aucune<br />
ERICH INCIYAN<br />
façon dirigées contre le peuple<br />
27
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
La Croix - 3 décembre 1993<br />
Turquie<br />
L'offensive tous azimuts d'Ankara<br />
DeS militaires<br />
s'opposent sur<br />
.la stratégie. <strong>de</strong><br />
lutte anti-kur<strong>de</strong><br />
ISTAMIUL<br />
CORRESPONDANCE<br />
PARTICULIÈRE<br />
Nouvelle marque <strong>de</strong> l'offensive<br />
menée par Ankara<br />
contre la guérilla<br />
autonomiste du Parti <strong>de</strong>S tra-,<br />
.vailleurs du Kurdistan (PKK),:<br />
l'armée turque a bombardé<br />
mardi <strong>de</strong>s positions du PKK au<br />
nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak. Neuf camps rebelles<br />
auraient été visés. Les<br />
lea<strong>de</strong>rs kur<strong>de</strong>s irakiens, Djalal :<br />
Talabani <strong>et</strong> Massoud Barzani,<br />
.qui contrôlent le Nord irakien<br />
au détriment <strong>de</strong> Bagdad, <strong>et</strong> qui .<br />
mènent une politique plutôt<br />
conciliante à l'égard <strong>de</strong> la turquie,<br />
ont c<strong>et</strong>te fois critiqué<br />
l'opération, rappelant que <strong>de</strong><br />
telles attaques avaient tué <strong>de</strong><br />
nombreux civils, dans le passé.<br />
Ankara semble aujourd'hui<br />
faire feu <strong>de</strong> tout bois dans sa<br />
lutte contre la guérilla Sur le<br />
plan diplomatique, le premier .<br />
ministre Tansu Ciller a enregistré<br />
avec satisfaction l'interdiction<br />
du PKK en Allemagne, le<br />
26 novembre, <strong>et</strong> celle du Comité<br />
du Kurdistan, en France, le<br />
30 novembre. A l'intérieur, elle<br />
recevait la semaine <strong>de</strong>rnière les<br />
chefs <strong>de</strong>s douze principales familles<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s du sud-est du<br />
pays, souvent opposéS au PKK<br />
marxisant qui tente <strong>de</strong> détruire<br />
les structures « féodales» <strong>de</strong> la<br />
société traditionnelle.<br />
Trois morts<br />
suspectes<br />
Ces chefs <strong>de</strong> clan, clé <strong>de</strong> voûte<br />
du système <strong>de</strong> milicesvillageoises<br />
antiguérilla installé par<br />
l'ancjen premier ministre Tur.<br />
gut Ozal en 1986, ont réclamé<br />
plus d'argent, <strong>de</strong>s armeslour<strong>de</strong>s;<br />
<strong>et</strong> un libre accès au com-<br />
fédération. Les grévistes <strong>de</strong>.<br />
la faim enten<strong>de</strong>nt protester<br />
contre la dissolution <strong>de</strong> leur<br />
association " qui. existe pacilimerce<br />
frontalier .. Ils revendiquent<br />
ains~\ID rôie lÙH1S l'~t.at<br />
qui leur avait été coirlisqué lors<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'établissement <strong>de</strong> la République<br />
en 1923,<br />
. L'offensive d'Ankara est<br />
auSsi militaire. L'armée a affirmé<br />
qu'elle ne se perm<strong>et</strong>trait.<br />
. pas <strong>de</strong> pause hivernale, pour ne<br />
pas laisser au PKK le temps <strong>de</strong><br />
récupérer, Le gouvernement a .<br />
en outre décidé d'envoyer courant<br />
décembre dans le Sud-Est<br />
environ 2000 hommes <strong>de</strong>s « forces<br />
spéciales», ces unités civiles<br />
<strong>de</strong> lutte anti-guérilla. Un premier<br />
contingent <strong>de</strong> 2000 personnes<br />
est déjà sur place. Ces<br />
forces <strong>de</strong>vraient être portées à<br />
7000 en mars puis 10000 durant<br />
l'été 1994. Un millier <strong>de</strong><br />
ces volontaires, dont la<br />
moyenne d'âge ne dépasse pas<br />
24 ans, sont à l'heure actuelle<br />
entraînés près d'Izmir par un<br />
officier à la r<strong>et</strong>raite.<br />
.Ce rôle acèru <strong>de</strong>s civils provoque<br />
toutefois<br />
<strong>de</strong> vives tensions<br />
au seiri<strong>de</strong> l'armée. Melih Aktàs,<br />
spécialiste <strong>de</strong>s questions <strong>de</strong> terrorisme<br />
<strong>et</strong> enseignant à l'université<br />
Gazi d'Ankara, pense<br />
qu'il y a un lien entre trois<br />
morts récentes <strong>et</strong> suspectes<br />
d'officiers: l'assassinat en octobre<br />
<strong>de</strong> Cem Ersever, capitaine<br />
<strong>de</strong> gendarmerie à la r<strong>et</strong>raite <strong>et</strong> .<br />
qui avait organisé les services<br />
<strong>de</strong> renseignement dans le Sud-<br />
Est; le décès dans un acci<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
d'aVion du général Esr<strong>et</strong> Bitlis,<br />
commandant général <strong>de</strong> la gendarmerie<br />
en Turquie en janvier<br />
<strong>de</strong>rnier; <strong>et</strong>.la ~()rt par « balle<br />
'acci<strong>de</strong>Î1b~lle->;;SëJönles mots du .<br />
prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong> la République Suleiman<br />
Demirel, du généraI <strong>de</strong> .<br />
briga<strong>de</strong> Bahtiyar Aydin en 0ctobre,<br />
dans la ville <strong>de</strong> Lice. Les<br />
trois hommes étaient connus<br />
polir être <strong>de</strong>s partisans d'une<br />
solution dure <strong>et</strong> entièrement<br />
;tnilitaire. Aucun comm~qué<br />
<strong>de</strong> .oondoléances ne fut publié<br />
par l'armée après la n;tort <strong>de</strong><br />
'CemErsever, un ~sassmat re-<br />
vendiqué certes par le PKK<br />
mais aussi par <strong>de</strong>s mystérieuses<br />
. « Briga<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> vengeance»,<br />
Clau<strong>de</strong> ORTACQ<br />
Soldats turcs. L'armée ne se perm<strong>et</strong>tra pas <strong>de</strong> pause hiver-.<br />
nale d~ sa.lutte contre les Kur<strong>de</strong>s. (photo,Hurriy<strong>et</strong>IAFP.;<br />
0:l<br />
0)<br />
~ Strasbourg: grève <strong>de</strong> la fam<br />
~ Une douzaine <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> q,'ëment <strong>de</strong>puis 1983à Stras-<br />
~ Turquie observent une grève ..boorg <strong>et</strong> est en relation cons-<br />
. ~ <strong>de</strong> la laim à Strasbourg <strong>de</strong>- .tal1teav.ec les institutions.<br />
Cl puis samedi pour protester ..sociales <strong>et</strong> administratives <strong>de</strong><br />
'\:1) contre la dissolution d'asso-. la région ", a déclaré à la.<br />
~ ciations kur<strong>de</strong>s en France, presse Huseyin Elmali, reprét-...<br />
ont. annoncé lundi <strong>de</strong>s res- sentant <strong>de</strong> l'association el<br />
I ponsables <strong>de</strong> l'Association: -.rriembre <strong>de</strong> la Commission<br />
~ <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du Kurdistan,. consùltative <strong>de</strong>s étranger:; <strong>de</strong><br />
Ö une <strong>de</strong>s organisations dissou- : la ville <strong>de</strong> Strasbourg. les .<br />
~ .tes. Deux décr<strong>et</strong>s ont été militants kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
~ 'publiés vendredi au Journal. également la libératiori •.im-<br />
~ officiel portant sur la dissolu- : médiate <strong>de</strong>s 20 Kur<strong>de</strong>s. action<br />
du Comité du Kurdistan, .. tuellement détenus en Frànce.<br />
<strong>de</strong> la Fédératiol\cles associa- après la ralle opérée le 18<br />
tions culturelles du Kurdistan novembre dans toute la<br />
<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s sept associations re-. France. .<br />
groupées. par c<strong>et</strong>te même<br />
L'Alsace compte environ 700à.<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s sur une population<br />
estimée en France à près <strong>de</strong><br />
80000.<br />
28
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />
Saddam Hussein, Prix Nobel?<br />
SuIDt-il que le temps passe pour qu'un dictateur <strong>de</strong>rienne respectable?<br />
Depuis peu, en Europe, les<br />
lobbies pro-Saddam Hussein refont'surface,<br />
L-<strong>et</strong>emps est venu<br />
- nous chuchote-t-on - <strong>de</strong><br />
.. tourner la page " <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> .. normaliser<br />
.. les relations avec Bag-<br />
PAR PATRICK<br />
WAJSMAN<br />
dad. C<strong>et</strong>te campagne coïnci<strong>de</strong>,<br />
on s'en serait douté, avec une<br />
vigoureuse offensive diplomatique<br />
irakienne <strong>de</strong>stinée à obtenir<br />
la levée <strong>de</strong> l'embargo pétrolier<br />
décrété par l'ONU en 1990.<br />
Sans doute est-ce can<strong>de</strong>ur<br />
<strong>de</strong> ma part, mais je ne vois pas<br />
très bien pourquoi il est à ce<br />
point vital <strong>de</strong> .. tourner la<br />
page ,,; ni pourquoi il serait plus<br />
urgent d'ai<strong>de</strong>r Saddam que les<br />
Bosniaques ! Mais passons ...<br />
. C<strong>et</strong>te complaisance irako-<br />
'pilile 'est d'~utant plus cho-<br />
.quante qu'elle se manifesIe au<br />
'TIoment même où "ONU publie<br />
les résultats d'une enquête accablante<br />
pour le dictateur irakien.<br />
Le rapporteur spécial auprès<br />
<strong>de</strong> la Commission <strong>de</strong>s<br />
droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme <strong>de</strong>s Nations<br />
unies, Max Van <strong>de</strong>r Stoel, vient<br />
en eff<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> dénoncer les pratiques<br />
barbares auxquelles se<br />
fivrent les troupes <strong>de</strong> Saddam<br />
Hussein contre les habitants du<br />
sud <strong>de</strong> l'Irak: pilonnage <strong>de</strong> ci-<br />
,vils à l'artillerie lour<strong>de</strong>; <strong>de</strong>struction<br />
<strong>de</strong> plus <strong>de</strong> 200 villages;<br />
transferts <strong>de</strong> populations; assèchement<br />
systématique <strong>de</strong>s<br />
marais afin <strong>de</strong> vi<strong>de</strong>r la zone <strong>de</strong><br />
toute présence humaihe ...<br />
. Bref, pour m<strong>et</strong>tre en coupe<br />
réglée un territoire qui est <strong>de</strong>venu<br />
le symbole <strong>de</strong> l'insoumission<br />
à son pouvoir tyrannique,<br />
Saddam n'hésite pas à transformer<br />
en désert une région qui<br />
abrite les héritiers <strong>de</strong> l'une <strong>de</strong>s<br />
plus anciennes civilisations <strong>de</strong><br />
la planète.<br />
Ajoutez à cela la reprise<br />
<strong>de</strong>s exécutions <strong>de</strong> masse dans<br />
plusieurs prisons <strong>de</strong> Bagdad,<br />
la manipulation <strong>de</strong> la. distribution<br />
<strong>de</strong>s vivres <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s. médicaments<br />
(tout pour les .. gentils ",<br />
rien pour les opposants ... ), les<br />
arrestations arbitraires, la découverte<br />
<strong>de</strong> charniers, <strong>et</strong> vous<br />
aurez un panorama assez fidèle<br />
<strong>de</strong>s .. progrès " accomplis<br />
par le nouveau Nabuchodonosor<br />
sur la voie <strong>de</strong> la démocratie<br />
...<br />
Le passé <strong>de</strong> Saddam Hussein<br />
n'est pas beaucoup plus<br />
brillant. En l'espace <strong>de</strong><br />
quelques années - <strong>et</strong> avec <strong>de</strong>s<br />
résultats variables, il est vrai -,<br />
ce parfait gentleman a attaqué<br />
l'Iran; annexé le Koweït; déclaré<br />
la guerre sainte à "Arabie<br />
Saoudite; pris <strong>de</strong>s milliers<br />
d'Occi<strong>de</strong>ntaux innocents en<br />
otages; massacré les Kur<strong>de</strong>s à<br />
l'arme chimique; expédié <strong>de</strong>s'<br />
Scud sut.lJQ,pays (lsraêl) qui ne<br />
l'affront~it pas; mis en place.<br />
en Irak, un système policier<br />
digne <strong>de</strong> la Russie stalinienne;<br />
fomenté 'üri 'complot contre la<br />
vie <strong>de</strong> George Bush ; <strong>et</strong> entr<strong>et</strong>enu<br />
généreusement les<br />
.. stars " du terrorisme international.<br />
Pourquoi diable faudrait-'<br />
il tendre une perche à c<strong>et</strong><br />
homme-là?<br />
Et pourtant, <strong>de</strong> plus en plus<br />
nombreuses sont les voix qui,<br />
s'élèvent aujourd'hui pour plai<strong>de</strong>r<br />
la cause <strong>de</strong> Saddam sous le<br />
prétexte qu'il a tinalement.<br />
consenti à accepter (ou feint<br />
d'accepter) un mécanisme <strong>de</strong><br />
contrôle, par "ONU, du désarmement<br />
irakien. Nous vivons,<br />
décidément, dans un mon<strong>de</strong><br />
étrange - un mon<strong>de</strong> où la<br />
moindre concession cosmétique<br />
d'un Milosevic, d'un Kadhafi ou<br />
d'un Saddam Hussein est célébrée<br />
avec plus d'empressement<br />
que la résistance héroïque <strong>de</strong><br />
ceux qu'ils oppriment.<br />
Mais, après tout, il n'est plll'l<br />
interdit <strong>de</strong> répondre ...<br />
Si l'on vous dit qu'il ne sert<br />
à rien d'humilier plus longtemps<br />
Saddam <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> le transformer en<br />
.. martyr ", répon<strong>de</strong>z que le refrain<br />
est connu. A la veille <strong>de</strong> la<br />
guerre du Golfe, on nous le fredonnait<br />
<strong>de</strong>ja. Si l'on ava.t sui~1<br />
ce généreux conseil, i<br />
l'époque, la soldatesque <strong>de</strong>,<br />
Saddam, au moment où j'écris<br />
ces ligne's, camperait sur les<br />
rives du détroit d'Ormuz. Quant<br />
aux dirigeants irakiens, ils possé<strong>de</strong>raient<br />
prob'ablement<br />
l'arme atomique ...<br />
Confort ou liberté?<br />
Si l'on vous dit que, faute <strong>de</strong><br />
revenus pétroliers, le peuple<br />
irakien subit les pires souffrances,<br />
répon<strong>de</strong>z : 1°) que la<br />
levée <strong>de</strong>s sanctions accroîtrait<br />
l,a marge <strong>de</strong> manœuvre <strong>de</strong> Sad-<br />
',dam <strong>et</strong> lui donnerait les moyens<br />
d'écraser, plus durement encore,<br />
tous ceux qui lui résis-<br />
,1ent ; 2°) que ce n'est pas au<br />
moment où les sanctions révè-<br />
.lent leur efficacité (ce que<br />
prouve l'actuelle offensive diplomatique<br />
<strong>de</strong> Bagdad) qu'il<br />
laut les supprimer.<br />
Si l'on vous dit que Sadd am<br />
.Hussein a au moins le mérite <strong>de</strong><br />
!maintenir une certaine .. stabi-<br />
,ité .. en Irak, répon<strong>de</strong>z qu'un<br />
'ordre stable ne peut être durablement<br />
bâti sur l'injustice. L'Est<br />
européen, sous la botte du<br />
Kremlin, a été .. stable" ; puis il<br />
s'est révolté: viendrait-il à l'idée<br />
<strong>de</strong> quiconque <strong>de</strong> verser <strong>de</strong>s<br />
pleurs sur c<strong>et</strong>te stabilité<br />
perdue?<br />
Si l'on vous dit qu'il est injuste<br />
<strong>de</strong> pratiquer une politique<br />
du .. <strong>de</strong>ux po.ida, 4eUX mesures"<br />
(sanctfbnner. Saddam<br />
tout en épargnant tel 8tJtre <strong>de</strong>spote<br />
agressif), répon<strong>de</strong>z que la<br />
remarque est parfaitement fon-'<br />
dée ; mais ajoutez aussitôt que<br />
la bonne attitu<strong>de</strong> conSisterait à<br />
châtier tous les coupables ... <strong>et</strong><br />
non aucun! L'ennui, c'est que<br />
les procureurs du .. <strong>de</strong>ux poids,<br />
<strong>de</strong>ux mesures " proposent, généralement,<br />
<strong>de</strong> fermer les yeux<br />
sur toutes les agressions <strong>et</strong><br />
toutes les injustices. Celles <strong>de</strong><br />
Saddam Hussein comme celles<br />
<strong>de</strong> seS cumrères eri barbarie.<br />
Si l'on vous dit que le vrai<br />
péril régional, en c<strong>et</strong>te fin d'année<br />
1993, est l'Iran <strong>et</strong> que seul<br />
un Irak .. réhabilité ", réintégré<br />
dans la communauté internationale,<br />
pourrait endiguer c<strong>et</strong>te<br />
nouvelle menace, répon<strong>de</strong>z:<br />
- que vous ne sous-estimez<br />
pas l'effort gigantesque <strong>de</strong> réar<br />
mement qu'accomplissent les<br />
mollahs iraniens dans le domaine<br />
conventionnel <strong>et</strong> nuc1éaire;<br />
- mais que, pour constituer<br />
un contrepoids valable à l'Iran, it<br />
faudrait que l'Irak re<strong>de</strong>vienne<br />
une superpuissance militaire. 01<br />
si un tel r<strong>et</strong>our en force se pro.<br />
duisait, il y a fort à parier que<br />
Saddam n'attendrait pas longtemps<br />
avant <strong>de</strong> prendre sa revanche<br />
sur les monarchies pétrolières<br />
du Golfe. On se<br />
r<strong>et</strong>rouverait au point <strong>de</strong> départ !<br />
La seule,bonne politique. est<br />
donc celle <strong>de</strong> la " double opposition<br />
" : à Téhéran <strong>et</strong> à Bagdad.<br />
Si l'on vous dit, enfin, que<br />
l'Irak n'est pas un champ <strong>de</strong><br />
b<strong>et</strong>teraves <strong>et</strong> que" le business<br />
a ses raisons que le cœur ne<br />
doit pas connaître ", répon<strong>de</strong>z<br />
par c<strong>et</strong>te belle phrase <strong>de</strong> Sommers<strong>et</strong><br />
Maugham: .. Toute nation<br />
qui place quoi que ce soit<br />
au-<strong>de</strong>ssus <strong>de</strong> la liberté perdra<br />
la liberté .. <strong>et</strong> toute nation qui<br />
place le confort <strong>et</strong> l'argent au<strong>de</strong>ssus<br />
<strong>de</strong> la liberté perdra<br />
aussi le confort <strong>et</strong> l'argent. "<br />
Que "on se rassure : je neme<br />
fais point d'illusions <strong>et</strong> sais<br />
parfaitement que, dans un futur<br />
assez proche, l'embargo qui<br />
pèse sur l'Irak sera levé.<br />
Moyennant une ou <strong>de</strong>ux<br />
concessions en trompe-l'œil,<br />
Saddam Hussein re<strong>de</strong>viendra<br />
progressivement fréquentable,<br />
voire respectable. On le prendra<br />
<strong>de</strong> nouveau en photo, tapotant<br />
la joue <strong>de</strong>s p<strong>et</strong>ites filles à<br />
la sortie <strong>de</strong>s écoles ou faisant<br />
la leçon aux démocraties <strong>de</strong>puis<br />
la tribune. <strong>de</strong> l'ONU. La<br />
boucle sera bouclée. P. W.<br />
BFSETZUNG VON KURDENVEREIN<br />
IN ~URG-HARBURG FRIEDUCH BEENDET<br />
Eine Bes<strong>et</strong>zungsaktion kurdischer Demonstranten im Gebäu<strong>de</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong>s kurdischen Kulturvereins im Hamburger Stadtteil Harburg<br />
ist in <strong>de</strong>r Nacht zum Freitag friedlich been<strong>de</strong>t wor<strong>de</strong>n. Wie ein<br />
Polizeisprecher mitteilte, räumten die 62 Bes<strong>et</strong>zer nach intensiven<br />
Verhandlungen mit Vertr<strong>et</strong>ern <strong>de</strong>r SPD, <strong>de</strong>r Grünen/GAL,<br />
<strong>de</strong>r Kirche und <strong>de</strong>r Polizei schließlich bis gegen 2 Uhr das<br />
Gebäu<strong>de</strong>. Sie begaben sich in einen nahegelegenen kirchlichen<br />
Versammlungsraum. Die Kur<strong>de</strong>n waren laut Polizei am<br />
Donnerstag abend in das Gebäu<strong>de</strong> eingedrungen, nach<strong>de</strong>m<br />
zuvor eine pro-kurdische Demonstration in <strong>de</strong>r Hamburger<br />
Innenstadt von <strong>de</strong>r Polizei aufgelöst wor<strong>de</strong>n war. An <strong>de</strong>r<br />
Demonstration gegen das Verbot <strong>de</strong>r Arbeiterpartei Kurdistans<br />
(PKK) in Deulàéliland hatten sich élen Angaben zufolge <strong>et</strong>wa<br />
2000 Menschen b<strong>et</strong>eiligt.<br />
Nach <strong>de</strong>r Demonstration versammelten sich rund hun<strong>de</strong>rt<br />
Personen vor <strong>de</strong>m Gebäu<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>s Kulturvereins in Harburg. Die<br />
Polizei versuchte nach eigenen Angaben mit Schlagstock-Einsatz,<br />
die Bes<strong>et</strong>zung zu verhin<strong>de</strong>rn, mußte sich aber schließlich<br />
zurückziehen. Bei <strong>de</strong>n Auseinan<strong>de</strong>rs<strong>et</strong>zungen hätten die<br />
Demonstranten die Polizei mit Steinen, Ästen und Knüppeln<br />
angegriffen. Eine Polizistin sei verl<strong>et</strong>zt ins Krankenhaus<br />
eingeliefert wor<strong>de</strong>n. Rund siebzig Personen seien im Verlauf<br />
.<strong>de</strong>r Konfrontationen festgenommen wor<strong>de</strong>n.<br />
Der kurdische Kulturverein in Hamburg-Harburg war bereits<br />
nach <strong>de</strong>m Verbot <strong>de</strong>r PKK am Freitag vorübergehend bes<strong>et</strong>zt<br />
wor<strong>de</strong>n. Auch diese Bes<strong>et</strong>zung hatte friedlich geen<strong>de</strong>t.<br />
29
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Le Courrier - 3 (lé(~elllhre 1Y~);3<br />
SOLIDARITÉ<br />
Les défenseurs <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong><br />
l'homme sont aussi réprimés<br />
Hier à Genève, <strong>de</strong>ux Turcs ont témoigné sur les arrestations arbitraires, les<br />
meurtres Ou la torture organisés par le nouveau Gouvernement turc.<br />
Fin 1991, le nouveau Gouvernement<br />
turc s'était engagé à com-<br />
. battre les violations <strong>de</strong>s droits<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'homme. Il semblerait<br />
pourtant que <strong>de</strong>puis <strong>de</strong>ux ans<br />
la police turque aurait intensifié sa<br />
répression <strong>et</strong> s'en prendrait également<br />
aux défenseurs <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme.<br />
Hier à Genève, <strong>de</strong>ux responsables <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Association <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme <strong>de</strong><br />
Turquie (IHD) sont venus apporter <strong>de</strong><br />
nouveaux témoignages sur les métho<strong>de</strong>s<br />
<strong>de</strong> la police turque. Akin Birdal,<br />
prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong> l'IHD <strong>et</strong> Ercan Kanar,<br />
vice-prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong> la même association<br />
<strong>et</strong> prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong> sa section d'Istanbul,<br />
étaient en eff<strong>et</strong> invités par la Ligue<br />
suisse <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme, Amnesty<br />
International, le Centre Europ<strong>et</strong>iers-mon<strong>de</strong><br />
(CETIM) <strong>et</strong> l'Association<br />
pour la prévention <strong>de</strong> la torture.<br />
Akin Birdal dresse un macabre bilan<br />
<strong>de</strong>s activités du nouveau Gouvernement.<br />
Ainsi, 17 perSonnes auraient<br />
disparu en gar<strong>de</strong> à vue, plus <strong>de</strong> 250<br />
seraient mortes lors d'arrestations <strong>et</strong><br />
29 pendant la répression <strong>de</strong> manifestations<br />
pacifiques. Selon lui, la torture<br />
est quotidiennement utilisée <strong>et</strong> 22 personnes<br />
en sont mortes. La presse est<br />
également dans le collimateur <strong>de</strong>s autorités<br />
puisque 13journalistes <strong>et</strong> 4 distributeurs<br />
<strong>de</strong> journaux auraient été<br />
assassinés. Quant au total <strong>de</strong>s<br />
condamnations prononcées contre les<br />
journalistes, il se monterait à une<br />
peine <strong>de</strong> 222 ans <strong>de</strong> prison.<br />
Les membres d'associations <strong>de</strong> défense<br />
<strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme ne sont<br />
pas à l'abri <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te répression. Tout<br />
récemment d'ailleurs, la section <strong>de</strong><br />
l'IHD d'Istanbul.s'est vue poursuivie<br />
en justice par le procureur <strong>de</strong> la région.<br />
Son crime était d'avoir organisé une<br />
réunion sur le thème <strong>de</strong> la question<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>. C<strong>et</strong>te section risque donc <strong>de</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong>voir fermer ses portes le 7 décem bre,<br />
date du verdict. «Au cours <strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>ux<br />
<strong>de</strong>rnières années, 40 sections <strong>de</strong> l'IHD<br />
ont été fermées, raconte Ercan Kanar.<br />
Pourtant, elles s'étaient créées conformément<br />
aux lois <strong>et</strong> avaient <strong>de</strong>s activités<br />
culturelles.» Depuis plusieurs années,<br />
l'IHD a subi d'innombrables<br />
procès, cinq <strong>de</strong> ses dirigeants ont été<br />
assassinés <strong>et</strong> IO<strong>de</strong> ses avocats sont en<br />
prison. Quant au quotidien, il est com-<br />
La répression s'abat également<br />
sur les responsables <strong>de</strong> droits <strong>de</strong><br />
l'homme •.AP.<br />
posé <strong>de</strong> perquisitions sans mandats,<br />
d'interdictions multiples ou d'arresta- .<br />
tions arbitraires.<br />
NOUVELLES LOIS<br />
Un paqu<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> lois censé favoriser la<br />
lùtte contre le terrorisme, qui <strong>de</strong>vra<br />
être voté par le Parlement la semaine<br />
prochaine, menace encore plus dure-.<br />
ment l'avenir <strong>de</strong>s défenseurs <strong>de</strong>s droits.<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'homme. Ercan Kanar explique<br />
que ces lois n'ont pas été concoctées<br />
par <strong>de</strong>s juristes, mais par <strong>de</strong>s généraux ..<br />
Et si elles entrent en vigueur, «Iesjournaux<br />
qui écrivent contre le Gouverne-'<br />
ment seront interdits pendant une année.<br />
Les personnes qui dénoncent les<br />
violations <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme à<br />
l'étranger auront une peine <strong>de</strong> 3 à 6 ans<br />
à leur r<strong>et</strong>our en Turquie. Et les pouvoirs<br />
extraordinaires accordés au gouverneur<br />
<strong>de</strong> la province kur<strong>de</strong> seront<br />
étendus à tous les gouverneurs.»<br />
LE PROBLÈME KURDE<br />
Les <strong>de</strong>ux prési<strong>de</strong>nts <strong>de</strong> l'IHD n'oublient<br />
pas <strong>de</strong> rappeler le problème<br />
kur<strong>de</strong> (eux-mêmes ne sont pas <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te<br />
nation). «Depuis dix anß, il n'y a pas<br />
<strong>de</strong> reconnaissance <strong>de</strong> ce peuple, qui ne<br />
jouit d'aucun droit démocratique. Les<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s se mobilisent donc pour leurs<br />
droits <strong>et</strong> le Gouvernement répond par<br />
la répression», explique Akin Birdal.<br />
Florian Rochat, membre du CETIM,<br />
rappelle que ce peuple subit une violente<br />
offensive <strong>de</strong>puis .Ie printemps,<br />
«avec l'accord <strong>de</strong> l'Occi<strong>de</strong>nt qui voit<br />
dans la Turquie <strong>de</strong> nouveaux marchés.<br />
Ce qui se passe en France <strong>et</strong> .en Allemagne<br />
contre les mouvements kur<strong>de</strong>s.<br />
est très grave. Ce sont les associations<br />
du tiers-mon<strong>de</strong> qui sont visées, dans le<br />
but d'atomiser l'immigration.»<br />
DENIS INKEI<br />
30
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ~RNISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASlN ÖZETÎ<br />
Turkey & Iran<br />
agree on terror<br />
The si<strong>de</strong>s agree to send observers to each<br />
others' 'search and <strong>de</strong>stroy' operations<br />
Turkish<br />
Daily News<br />
ANKARA- Turkey and Iran on Thursday finished security<br />
talks in Ankara by concluding a memorandum of un<strong>de</strong>rstanding<br />
laying down the gui<strong>de</strong>lines for cooperation against<br />
terrorism by both countries. '<br />
The memorandum is said to be specifically<br />
militants of the outlawed Kurdistan Workers'<br />
aimed at the<br />
Party (PKK)<br />
on the Turkish si<strong>de</strong> and the activities of the Democratic<br />
Kurdistan Party of Irait on the Iranian si<strong>de</strong>.<br />
A highlight of the accord is said to be the agreement by<br />
the si<strong>de</strong>s to send observers to follow each otliers' "search<br />
and <strong>de</strong>stroy" operations against terrorist bases.<br />
Security talKS b<strong>et</strong>ween lurkey and Iran began in Ankara<br />
on Tuesday. Thé talks were hea<strong>de</strong>d on the Turkish si<strong>de</strong> by<br />
the <strong>de</strong>puty un<strong>de</strong>rsecr<strong>et</strong>ary for the Ministry of the Interior,<br />
Rlza Ak<strong>de</strong>mir, and on the Irànian'si<strong>de</strong> by the director general<br />
for security affairs at the Ministry of the Interior, Goiam<br />
Huseyin Bolandiyan.<br />
The rr:emorandum of un<strong>de</strong>rstanding with Iran was said to<br />
be similar to the one signed on Nov. 20 b<strong>et</strong>ween Turkey<br />
and Syria after talks hea<strong>de</strong>d by Mehm<strong>et</strong> Agar, the director<br />
for security, and Maj. General Badr AI-Hassan, the head of<br />
the security <strong>de</strong>sk at the Syrian Ministry for the Interior.<br />
Participating in an earl~ morning talk show on Turkish<br />
television on Thursday;Agar said Ankara's main concentration<br />
point at the moment in operating these mémoranda was<br />
the r<strong>et</strong>urn of arrested terrorists to Turkey.<br />
Agar said that in concluding the memoranda the three<br />
countries emphasized "their good neighborly, brotherly, and<br />
historic ties.'<br />
"We have agreed with both countries on the need for their<br />
taking seriou's steps in the fight against terrorism. They also<br />
endorsed in writing our expectations. Un<strong>de</strong>r the memoranda<br />
eXP.t'rts will be able to go and ~Ol~e with~ut any conditions<br />
and all. chann~ls .of communicatIOns WIll remain open,"<br />
Agar said. He mdlcated that as a result Of the protocols that<br />
had been conclu<strong>de</strong>d, the three countries had also committed<br />
themselves to not harboring terrorists against each other.<br />
.,\~ar ~dd~d ~at they received information from tinie to<br />
l.vne which IndIcated thatthe lea<strong>de</strong>r of the PKK, Abdullah<br />
Oc~lan, ~s ",:.ella~ other members of the organization resi<strong>de</strong>d<br />
In Syna. (Syna) has told us that if they catch the lea<strong>de</strong>r<br />
o~ the terrorist organization or other of ItS members they<br />
WIll ~<strong>et</strong>urn them to ~s. 'J!1e messages they have given us are<br />
al~o In t.he same dl.rectlOn. But we are still cautious, and<br />
~11l partlcul~r1y walt to see the steps concerning the r<strong>et</strong>urnmg<br />
(o~ terro.ns!s to Turkey)." Agar said.<br />
punng hl~ Interview o~ television,<br />
saId .thal while the operations against<br />
Mehm<strong>et</strong> Agar also<br />
the PKK in Turkey<br />
continued, Ankara's diplomatic<br />
this score would continue as well.<br />
initiatives on<br />
"The steps taken at home and abroad have<br />
ha.stened the <strong>de</strong>mise<br />
saId.<br />
of the organization," Agar<br />
Sources close to the security talks b<strong>et</strong>ween<br />
Turkey and Iran sat that the memorandum of un<strong>de</strong>rstanding<br />
b<strong>et</strong>ween the two countries foresees<br />
th~ pr~venti~n by J:>othcountries of groups operatmg<br />
I.n their terrItory to the <strong>de</strong>triment of the<br />
other Si<strong>de</strong>. It also foresees the exchanoe of information<br />
on the activities of these groups.<br />
The much speculated about "Joint operation"<br />
b<strong>et</strong>ween Turkey and Iran aoainst PKK bases in<br />
Iran wa, nol one of the subjects discussed, according<br />
to these sources.<br />
But they indicated that the si<strong>de</strong>s aweed to s<strong>et</strong><br />
up a mechanism of observers for botn si<strong>de</strong>s. Accordin$<br />
to this, if one si<strong>de</strong> can finger terrorist<br />
activil1es against itself in the other country, the<br />
"host" country will move against these aClivities<br />
in the presence<br />
country.<br />
of observers from the other<br />
Analysts recall that Turkey had conclu<strong>de</strong>d<br />
similar accords with Iran and Syria in the past<br />
but that these had proved to have produced few<br />
results. They add, therefore,<br />
to be sceptical this time also.<br />
that there is reason<br />
Sources close to the talks with Iran, however,<br />
argued that they sensed "a new <strong>de</strong>termination"<br />
~n t~e Iranian si<strong>de</strong> for cooperating with Turkey<br />
I~ tlV.~area.<br />
Turkish.US officials assess PKK ban in Europe<br />
Turkish Daily New,~<br />
AN KARA- Turkish and U.S. officials me<strong>et</strong>ing<br />
in Washington to prepare 'for a joint economic<br />
council me<strong>et</strong>ing next week, also assessed separatist<br />
terrorist vIOlence in Turkey and the recent<br />
European move to halt the activities of such<br />
gro~ps, Pr~me Minister Tansu Çiller's foreign<br />
affairs advisor, Volkan Vural; told reporters 10<br />
Washington Thursday.<br />
"The U.S. has ma<strong>de</strong> efforts to eradicate foreign<br />
support for the seearatist organization. We<br />
welcome these efforts, • Vural said in reference<br />
to the outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party<br />
(PKK), which was banned in Germany last<br />
week.<br />
He said that U.S. national security officials<br />
had also been briefed on Greece's apparent policy<br />
of support to the PKK, and had Deen asked to<br />
ensure that certain lobby groups in the United<br />
States should not support the organization.<br />
Asked to comment on wh<strong>et</strong>her it was the<br />
United States which "triggered" Germany into<br />
banning the PKK, Vural said: "I do not think so.<br />
Butthe fact' that from the start the Clinton administration<br />
has bran<strong>de</strong>d the organization as terrorist<br />
has served as an example to other countries.<br />
"The seQ~ratist organization had come to the<br />
point where it was openly violatinglublic or<strong>de</strong>r<br />
In the Euro~an countries," he ad<strong>de</strong> .<br />
Vural sélld that talks with U.S. officials had<br />
also concentrated on the now idle Kerkük-<br />
Yumurtallk oil pipeline b<strong>et</strong>ween Turkey and<br />
Iraq.<br />
"We wer~ told by U.S. officials thatthey have<br />
been workmg on our pro~sals. I believe the<br />
U.S. stance on the issue will become clear next<br />
week."<br />
V~ral a~<strong>de</strong>d, however, that negotiations on<br />
the Issue Involved not only the United States<br />
but also I~q, and said .<strong>de</strong>v.elopments concerning<br />
the reopenmg of the pIpeline were encouraging.<br />
T~e Turkish <strong>de</strong>legatIOn hea<strong>de</strong>d by Vural compnses<br />
Treasury and Tra<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>puty un<strong>de</strong>rsecr<strong>et</strong>~,<br />
Osman Unsal, and Turkish ~.tate-run pipehne<br />
company <strong>de</strong>puty head, Fatih Ocal.<br />
31
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RlVISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASlN ÖZETÎ<br />
Lutte Ouvrière - 3 décembre 1993<br />
De la Turquie à l'Allemagne <strong>et</strong> à la France<br />
SAINTE-AUIANCE<br />
CONTRE LES KURDES<br />
@<br />
ANKARA<br />
Samsun<br />
Fvi<strong>de</strong>m1!1cnt~,k' Premier<br />
ministre turc, Mme Tansu<br />
,Çiller, a exprimé sa satisfaction<br />
puisque c'est bien pour<br />
faire un geste envers la Turquie<br />
que l'Allemagne, comme<br />
la France, s'en est prise au<br />
PKK, en guerre' <strong>de</strong>puis 1984<br />
avec l'armée turque. Ce sont'<br />
,les <strong>de</strong>ux pays dont les intérêts<br />
économiques en Turquie son~<br />
les plus importants qui ont<br />
cédé aux pressions du gouver- ,<br />
nement Çiller. D'ailleurs le<br />
porte-parole du ministère <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Affaires étrangères français a<br />
immédiatement réagi aux<br />
mesures prises par le gouver~<br />
nement allemand, en précisant<br />
que le PKK n'avait pas<br />
en France d'existence légale;<br />
une façon <strong>de</strong> s'excuser pour le<br />
fait que le gouvernement<br />
français n'ait pas été aussi<br />
loin que le gouvernement<br />
aJlemand. Le premier à avoir<br />
ignominieusement accédé<br />
aux exigences du gouverne":<br />
ment turc se voyait soudain<br />
doublé par le zèle du second!<br />
,Chacun rivalise pour défen-<br />
,dre ses industriels <strong>et</strong> ses contrats<br />
sur le dos du peuple<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>.<br />
Ce peuple <strong>de</strong> 25 millions<br />
d'habitants n'en finit pas<br />
d'être l'otage <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s gran<strong>de</strong>s<br />
puissances <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s Etats entre<br />
lesquels il est, écartelé. La<br />
moitié <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s (13 millions)<br />
vivent aujourd'hui'<br />
dans l'Est <strong>et</strong> le Sud-Est <strong>de</strong> la<br />
Turquie, les régions les plus<br />
sous-développées <strong>de</strong> ce pays,<br />
dans lesquelles ils forment la.<br />
majorité <strong>de</strong> la population,<br />
maisÇJùle gouvernementJnrc<br />
D Une semaine après la rafle spectaculaire opérée<br />
par Pasqua dans les milieux kur<strong>de</strong>s en France, une<br />
op~ration similaire s'est déroulée en Allemagne y en<br />
rrtêtrie temps que le gouvernement allemand annonçai~sa<br />
décision d'interdire le PKK (le Parti <strong>de</strong>s Tra-<br />
'vailleurs du Kurdistan) ainsi que 35 associations qui'<br />
,lui seraient liées. Plus <strong>de</strong> 150 locaux d'associations<br />
ont été perquisitionnés <strong>et</strong> la police a saisi du matériel<br />
d~jmprimerie<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> propagan<strong>de</strong>. Le centre culturel kur-<br />
'<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Berlin a été fermé.<br />
ne leur reconnaît pratiquement<br />
aucun droit. Le reste <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s est partagé entre<br />
l'Iran (6 millions), l'Irak (4<br />
millions), la Syrie (I million).<br />
La Syrie <strong>et</strong> l'Iran utilisent les<br />
,organisations kur<strong>de</strong>s présentes<br />
sur leur sol comme<br />
moyens <strong>de</strong> pression possibles<br />
pour régler leurs différends<br />
respectifs avec la Turquie.<br />
'Quant à la Turquie, alors<br />
même qu'elle combat les<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s sur son propre territoire,<br />
elle soutient les Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
d'Irak <strong>et</strong> leurs organisations<br />
contre le gouvernement irakien,<br />
à condition qu'ils luttent<br />
contre le PKK turc, mais avec<br />
la perspective <strong>de</strong> les laisser<br />
tomber dès que <strong>de</strong>s relations<br />
commerciales avantageuses<br />
reprendront avec l'Irak.<br />
La Turquie n'est certes,pas<br />
seul~ à jouer ce jeu s~nistre :<br />
ARABIE,<br />
SÉOUDITE<br />
les Kur<strong>de</strong>s ci'Jnik ont encore<br />
droit à la sollicitu<strong>de</strong> bypocrite<br />
<strong>de</strong>s gran<strong>de</strong>s puissances, qui<br />
font mine <strong>de</strong> vouloir les protéger<br />
tant que la tension avec<br />
le régime <strong>de</strong> Saddam Hussein<br />
persiste. Mais <strong>de</strong>main ils<br />
pourront être à nouveau victimes<br />
d'un r<strong>et</strong>ournement d'alliances<br />
comme les différent~s<br />
fractions du peuple kur<strong>de</strong><br />
l'ont si souvent été dans le<br />
passé.<br />
Ces mêmes gran<strong>de</strong>s<br />
puissances laissent en tout<br />
cas aujourd'hui toute lati-<br />
, tu<strong>de</strong> au gouvernement turc,<br />
, pour réprimer les Kur<strong>de</strong>s',<br />
chez lui. Les gouvernements<br />
français <strong>et</strong> allemand en rajoutent<br />
même en s'en prenant<br />
eux-mêmes aux émigrés<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> Turquie sur' leur<br />
propre territoire:<br />
Les affaires <strong>de</strong> gros sous,<br />
32
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
k:-. \;uatrats Juteux, les profits<br />
<strong>de</strong>s capitalistes passent bien<br />
avant les droit" <strong>de</strong>s peuples.<br />
Ce n'est pas nouveau, mais<br />
pour son malheur le peuple<br />
kur<strong>de</strong> en est plus particulièrement<br />
victime que d'autres <strong>et</strong><br />
ce sans interruption <strong>de</strong>puis<br />
bientôt trois quarts <strong>de</strong> siècle.<br />
Alors, les déclarations du<br />
ministre <strong>de</strong>s Affaires étrangères<br />
allemand, qui dit<br />
entendre poursuivre avec la<br />
Turquie "le dialogue sltr le<br />
respect <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme",<br />
ou la <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />
Danièle Mitterrand d'envoyer<br />
d'urgence <strong>de</strong>s observateurs<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'ONU dans l'Est <strong>de</strong><br />
la Turquie, sont un comble<br />
d'hypocrisie à l'usage <strong>de</strong><br />
leurs opinions publiques intérieures,<br />
<strong>et</strong> ne relèvent sûrement<br />
pas d'un quelconque<br />
intérêt pour le sort du peuple<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>.<br />
Dominiqut' CHARLIS<br />
Liberté du Morbihan - 4 décembre 1993<br />
La Ligue communiste révolutionnaire<br />
contre les rafles <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
LORIENT. - Les rafles organiséesdans<br />
les milieuxkur<strong>de</strong>s arbitraires qui transforment<br />
tions <strong>et</strong> interdictions<br />
constituaient un nouveau pas chaque réfugié kur<strong>de</strong>, avant<br />
franchi dans la politique antiimmigrés<br />
<strong>et</strong> anti-réfugiés du suspect à: priori ». s'indigne<br />
fui le régime d'Ankara, en<br />
gouvernement. Maintenant <strong>de</strong> « la soumission ainsi manifestée<br />
aux exigences <strong>de</strong><br />
c'est l'interdition <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux associations<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s en France l'état turc qui bafoue <strong>de</strong>puis<br />
dont le comité kurdistan qUI <strong>de</strong>s décennies les droits légitimes<br />
du peuple kur<strong>de</strong>» <strong>et</strong><br />
existe <strong>de</strong>puis 1985 dans tous<br />
les pays d'Europe. La section appelle à « la solidarité avec<br />
du Morbihan<strong>de</strong> la Liguecommuniste<br />
révolutionnaire pro-<br />
qui défen<strong>de</strong>nt la démocratie<br />
le peuple kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>et</strong> tous ceux<br />
teste contre «ces arresta-<br />
<strong>et</strong> la justice en Turquie ».<br />
l<br />
GiÈCE-CEE<br />
a prési<strong>de</strong>nce grecque,<br />
à partir du<br />
1.' janvier, prom<strong>et</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong> m<strong>et</strong>tre <strong>de</strong> l'ambiance<br />
au sein <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Union européenne.<br />
Les déclarations tonitruantes<br />
<strong>et</strong> dépJacées<br />
<strong>de</strong> Theodoros Pal7lgalos,<br />
ministre grec <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Affaires européennes <strong>et</strong><br />
grognard du gouvemement<br />
Papandréou, donnent déjà<br />
<strong>de</strong>s frissons à ses partenaires.<br />
Première victime:<br />
l'Allemagne, coupable <strong>de</strong><br />
vouloir nouer <strong>de</strong>s relations<br />
diplomatiques avec la Macédoine,<br />
sur laquelle la<br />
Grèce estime avoir une<br />
marque déposée. « C'est<br />
un géant avec une force<br />
bestiale <strong>et</strong> u'ne cervelle<br />
d'enfant" (sic),estime Pangalos,<br />
qui dénonce la politique<br />
<strong>de</strong> Bonn en Europe<br />
: UNE PRÉSIDENCE A RISQUES<br />
comme « le renouveau du<br />
rêve pangermanique ".<br />
Chacun a droit aux compliments<br />
du bouillant ministre<br />
: <strong>de</strong> la Bosnie, " nation<br />
inexistante ", jusqu'à<br />
la France, avec son « racisme<br />
antiarabe", en passant<br />
par la « décomposition<br />
italienne ". Mais c'est la<br />
Turquie, « l'ennemi héréditaire<br />
.., qui subit la plus<br />
violente diatribe pour venir<br />
« traÎner ses bottes ensanglantées<br />
sur les tapis<br />
européens ", tandis que<br />
les Kur<strong>de</strong>s du PKK sont<br />
implicitement encouragés<br />
à poursuivre la guerre<br />
contre Ankara.<br />
Le no comment <strong>de</strong>s<br />
chancelleries cache mal<br />
une réelle inquiétu<strong>de</strong>.<br />
Seule l'Allemagne a exprimé<br />
sa « vive contrariété<br />
". Ingo Friedrich,<br />
vice-prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong> la CSU<br />
(la branche bavaroise <strong>de</strong>s<br />
chrétiens-démocrates <strong>de</strong><br />
Helmut Kohl), suggère<br />
une initiative pour empêcher<br />
la Grèce <strong>de</strong> prendre<br />
la prési<strong>de</strong>nce <strong>de</strong>s Douze<br />
au 1.' janvier, soulignant<br />
qu'elle n'est « pas mûre<br />
actuellement" pour une<br />
telle responsabilité.<br />
TheodorosPangalos<br />
33
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNIstA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />
l' •<br />
operatIons<br />
anti-Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
Gesticulation publicitaire séeuritaire<br />
<strong>et</strong> gages donnés au gouvernementture,<br />
/' opération menée par Charles Pasqua<br />
obéit à <strong>de</strong>s motivations intérieures<br />
èt extérieures.<br />
Le <strong>de</strong>rnier "best seller" d'Alain Minc<br />
développe une comparaison entre<br />
le mon<strong>de</strong> d'aujourd'hui <strong>et</strong> le<br />
Moyen Age. Comparaisonn'est pas<br />
raison, ont dit nombre <strong>de</strong> médiévistes,<br />
tel Jacques Le Goff, qui reprochent<br />
à "auteur du "Nouveau Moyen Age" sa<br />
vision stéréotypée <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te pério<strong>de</strong>.<br />
Ceuxqui acceptent néanmoins c<strong>et</strong> exercice<br />
intellectuel font remarquer que<br />
la situation <strong>de</strong> la majorité <strong>de</strong>s individus<br />
a beaucoup évolué, <strong>et</strong> en bien, dans<br />
beaucoup <strong>de</strong> domaines, <strong>et</strong> notamment<br />
les libertés. Ce sentiment, une population<br />
au moins ne doit pas le partager.<br />
En se réfugiant dans quelques cathédrales<br />
(dont Notre-Dame <strong>de</strong> <strong>Paris</strong>),<br />
les Kur<strong>de</strong>squi, avecfemmes <strong>et</strong> enfants,<br />
entendaient protester contre "opération<br />
<strong>de</strong> CharlesPasquacontre le PKKne<br />
s'attendaient pas à en être expulsés<br />
aussirapi<strong>de</strong>ment <strong>et</strong> brutalement. Latradition<br />
médiévale du droit d'asile<br />
<strong>de</strong>s autorités ecclésiastiquesà laquelle<br />
ils se référaient n'a certes plus cours.<br />
Mais c<strong>et</strong>te expulsion <strong>de</strong>s églises prend<br />
un certain relief au moment où le droit.<br />
d'asile est hypocritement mis en cause<br />
par la majorité actuelle. A l'apogée <strong>de</strong><br />
l'asile religieux, au XIIe siècle, même<br />
les blasphémateurs étaient protégés<br />
dans les lieux sacrés.le déclin du droit<br />
d'asile religieux avait coincidé avec une<br />
plus gran<strong>de</strong> protection <strong>de</strong>s autorités<br />
publiques. Notre époque se signaleraitelle<br />
par un déclin convergent <strong>de</strong> la<br />
notion d'asile 1<br />
à un soutien à Ankara. Charles Pasqua<br />
n'a pourtant pas toujours eu c<strong>et</strong>te<br />
intransigeance à l'égard du PKK.<br />
Au moment où quatre Françaisétaient<br />
r<strong>et</strong>enus par les Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> Turquie, le<br />
ministre <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur n'avait rien trouvé<br />
à redire à la conférence <strong>de</strong> presse<br />
publique que le PKKavait tenue à <strong>Paris</strong>.<br />
Sur les vingt-quatre militants mis en<br />
examen, dont seize ont été incarcérés,<br />
un grand nombre sont <strong>de</strong>s réfugiés<br />
politiques qui ont bénéficié du droit<br />
d'asile, certains <strong>de</strong>puis seizeans.<br />
LOGIQUE INFERNALE<br />
"l'activité du PKK en France n'est pas<br />
nouvelle. Pourquoi avoir attendu si<br />
longtemps 1, note un <strong>de</strong> leurs défenseurs,Me<br />
Daniel Jacoby.Lechef d'accusation<br />
r<strong>et</strong>enu contre eux, association<strong>de</strong><br />
malfaiteurs en relation avec une entreprise<br />
terroriste, est lourd. Mais il n'y a<br />
rien <strong>de</strong> ce que j'ai pu voir dans le dossier<br />
qui le justifie: ni armes, ni munitions,<br />
ni CIbles, ni objectif, ni plan.<br />
On a parlé également <strong>de</strong> rack<strong>et</strong>, mais il<br />
faut le prouver." Evoquant les "opérations<br />
extrêmement dures poursuivies<br />
par les autorités turques qui n'épargnent<br />
pas les populations civiles",<br />
l'avocat parle <strong>de</strong> "gages donnés au<br />
gouvernement turc". Il est vrai que la<br />
visite <strong>de</strong> Fran~oisléotard en Turquie a<br />
porté ses fruits: un contrat signé le<br />
8 octobre <strong>de</strong> 253 millions <strong>de</strong> dollars<br />
comprenant vingt hélicoptéres. le gouvernement<br />
turc paraît avoir bien monnayé<br />
un soutien dans sa lutte contre le<br />
séparatismekur<strong>de</strong>. "Les payseuropéens<br />
doivent déclarer illégal le PKK", affirmait<br />
Ankara, le 24 novembre, à la veille<br />
<strong>de</strong> son interdiction en Allemagne <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />
la dissolution <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux associations<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s en France. la situation particulièrement<br />
préoccupante dans le sud-est<br />
<strong>de</strong> la Turquie a motivé la <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />
Danielle Mitterrand <strong>de</strong> désignation par<br />
l'Union européenne "<strong>de</strong> toute urgence"<br />
d'un médiateur. Sur le terrain, une<br />
L<br />
• MASCARADE •<br />
a manitlre dont l'Assemblée 0 répondu por lfi biais <strong>de</strong> 10<br />
commission spéciale puis <strong>de</strong> 10 conférence <strong>de</strong>s prési.<br />
<strong>de</strong>nts, à la <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>s juges <strong>de</strong> Béthune <strong>de</strong> lever<br />
l'immunité porlementaire <strong>de</strong> Bemord Tapie apporo~ bien suspec/e.<br />
Ouand on soit que, hors session, les dépuiés ne bénéfi'<br />
cient pos <strong>de</strong> ceffe immunité, on 0 du mol à odmeffre que<br />
l'urgence <strong>et</strong> /0 volonlé <strong>de</strong> ne pos entraver le cours <strong>de</strong> fa justice,<br />
évoqués por 10 commission ad hoc <strong>de</strong> l'Assemblée, puisse<br />
justifier une tef/e décision. Comme l'a foil remorquer Michel<br />
Rocard, <strong>et</strong> d'outres hommès politiques qui ne sont pos <strong>de</strong><br />
gauche, comme Rciymond Borre, foire voler ceffe levée moins<br />
<strong>de</strong> quinze iours avon/la fin <strong>de</strong> 10 session, relève <strong>de</strong> 10 mascara<strong>de</strong>.<br />
A/ors que l'affaire Teslul est strictement privée, 10 métha<strong>de</strong><br />
utilisée donne ptise à l'accusation <strong>de</strong> proctls politique <strong>et</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong> préjugement. l'embarras est visibfe sur tous les bancs <strong>et</strong>,<br />
du coup, c'est fa procédure <strong>de</strong> l'immunité qui. est mise en<br />
couse. Le prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong> l'Assemblée nationale lui~ëme s'est<br />
interrogé. L'immunité porlementàire créée sous /0 Troisième<br />
Répubfique, le 23 iuin /889, pour protéger /0 poro/e <strong>de</strong>s<br />
représentants du peuple, e/ reprise por les républiques successives<br />
esfelle tauiours adoptée à notre société ? Ces immunités<br />
à éclipse qui ne fonctionnent que pendant les .sessions on~<br />
elles encore un sens, a/ors que fa scène inédiotique 0 tendance<br />
<strong>de</strong> plus en plus à supplanter 10 scène por/ementaire ? Entre<br />
ceux qui voudraient voir supptimer t%/emen/ l'immunité, dis'<br />
tinguer entre affaires politiques <strong>et</strong> affaires privées, fa rendre<br />
plus effective ou la maintenir /elle quelle, le déba, es/ ouvert.<br />
B.e.<br />
lo~ique infernale est en place <strong>et</strong> les<br />
VOIX modérées ont <strong>de</strong> plus en plus <strong>de</strong><br />
mal à se faire entendre. A l'heure <strong>de</strong>s<br />
pourparlers OLP-Israël,au moment où<br />
Un dialogue semble s'amorcer entre le<br />
gouvernement britannique <strong>et</strong> l'IRA,<br />
une solution exclusivement militaire<br />
doit-elle être donnée à la revendication<br />
kur<strong>de</strong> 1 Et les gouvernements européens<br />
contribuent-ils à la résolution <strong>de</strong><br />
la question avec les opérations qu'ils<br />
ont menées1 On peut sérieusementen<br />
douter.<br />
BernardChaouat<br />
AMALGAME<br />
DEVASTATEUR<br />
La concordanceentre le débat constitutionnel<br />
sur le droit d'asile, les législations<br />
visant les étrangers <strong>et</strong> les opérations<br />
spectaculaires <strong>de</strong> Charles Pasqua<br />
ne peuvent être pure coinci<strong>de</strong>nce. Il est<br />
vrai, qu'il s'agisse<strong>de</strong>s militants du FIS,<br />
<strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s ou <strong>de</strong>s truands marseillais,<br />
que le mo<strong>de</strong> d'intervention du ministre<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur est le plus souvent gesticulatoire<br />
<strong>et</strong> publicitaire. Mais c<strong>et</strong> amalgame<br />
risque d'être dévastateur auprès<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'opinion, appelée à m<strong>et</strong>tre dans le<br />
même sactruands <strong>et</strong> terroristes <strong>de</strong> tout<br />
poil. les militants du PKK sont loin<br />
d'être <strong>de</strong>s enfants <strong>de</strong> chœur. Ce parti<br />
marxiste pur <strong>et</strong> dur a assassiné<strong>de</strong>s <strong>Institut</strong>eurs<br />
turcs <strong>et</strong> vient par la voix <strong>de</strong> son<br />
secrétaire général, Kani Yilmaz, <strong>de</strong><br />
m<strong>et</strong>tre en gar<strong>de</strong> les touristes dont la<br />
seule présenceen Turquie est assimilée<br />
~',~i' :~RQUIEI<br />
~ ," J: - .~~ •<br />
"",.",!' ,<br />
,<br />
I<br />
I ,."-,<br />
I<br />
\<br />
......... ,.,.'<br />
I \<br />
I<br />
,<br />
I<br />
I<br />
, ,<br />
LES KURDES<br />
A CHEVAL<br />
SUR QUATRE PAYS<br />
------- -- -<br />
n° 210 du 3 décembre 1993 Vèndredi<br />
34
REVUE DE PRESSE,PRESS REVIEW,BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ,RwISTA<br />
STAMPA,DENTRO DE LA PRENSA,BASIN ÖZETi<br />
La Croix du Midi - 3 décembre 1993<br />
Un village chrétien<br />
au Kurdistan irakien<br />
Amis lecteurs, acceptez <strong>de</strong><br />
....<br />
....TVIlQIIII: ...__ ........<br />
vous laisser dépayser avec moi. • .. .....• ...-"<br />
Procurez-vous ou empruntez<br />
auprès d'un ami le livre dont je<br />
vais vous parler, car je voudrais SYIIII:<br />
vous donner envie <strong>de</strong> le lire.<br />
Son auteur s'appelle Ephrem-<br />
Isa Yousif. Son titre: "Parfums<br />
d'enfance à Sanate". Avec un<br />
sous-titre qui le précise : "Un<br />
village chrétien au Kurdistan .. "<br />
irakien". Il vient <strong>de</strong> paraltre (<strong>Paris</strong>,<br />
Editions l'Harmattan). Soyez<br />
sOrsqu'il vous passionnera<br />
Ce sont les souvenirs d'enfance<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'auteur, <strong>de</strong> sa naissance<br />
en 1944 jusqu'en septembre<br />
1956, date à laquelle il<br />
a été envoyé à Mossoul par ses<br />
parents. Le livre nous trans- 4! .. ~ a.. t
.urkey<br />
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Saturday, December 4,1993<br />
turkish daily news<br />
State oj<br />
human<br />
rights in<br />
Turkey<br />
Socrct¥y-Gcncral<br />
T<br />
By HUsnU ÖndUI<br />
Human Rights Association<br />
faces a'quesLion,of <strong>de</strong>mocracy. This<br />
.' is the fundamental question. Turkey has<br />
.. , grappled with the ques~io~ of 4emocr~cy<br />
for over 200 years. DespIle ItSbemg a giant<br />
step forward, the republic has not managed to <strong>de</strong>moc-;<br />
ratlle itself., Today, the judicial, execuLive,and admiri:<br />
istrative al'paratus 'of the Turkish republic operates<br />
withinlimlts' drawn by the fascistjadministration of<br />
the Sept. 11 coup. The Constitution' of 1982, the press<br />
law, laws on public me<strong>et</strong>ings and <strong>de</strong>monstratIOns;<br />
associations, lab.or 'unions, collective bargaining and<br />
:strikes, and political parties are all products of the<br />
Sept. 12, 1980 coup. . . . .<br />
, 'Regulations in such laws .are:boUDd-Up;with',~asic.<br />
freedoms. Just as those who authored such laws lack'<br />
legality,so the content of those laws is anti-<strong>de</strong>mocratic.<br />
Such a legal framework indicates the anti-<strong>de</strong>mocratic<br />
character of the republic. To us, the problem is a<br />
question of the existence of a <strong>de</strong>mocratic republic.<br />
. It is a quëstion of the ..granting, pr~tection, ~nd<br />
Impr~vement of human rights. Regulat1~ns ba~~mg<br />
the nght to elect and be elected, <strong>de</strong>mocratic partlclpa-<br />
~ion in the government .of the c~untry, free~oms of<br />
thought, speech; and behef, the nght to organize public<br />
<strong>de</strong>monstrations, to establish labor unions, pohtical<br />
.parties, and associations must be abolished. What we<br />
need.is "total change," .<br />
The <strong>de</strong>bate on and the subsequent creation of a constitution<br />
is the key to and a condition for the solution<br />
.of problems related tl) <strong>de</strong>mocracy and human rights.<br />
We want a land of freedom, not one of bans. We want<br />
.a transition from a semi-milil¥Y <strong>de</strong>mocracy to a fully<br />
<strong>de</strong>mocratic republic .<br />
. Journalists and authors are threatened with prison'<br />
terms. Quite a large number of them are already in<br />
, prison. Ass~ciations, poli.tical p~rties are being<br />
banned. PohtÎ
REVUE DE PRESSE, PRESS REVIEW,BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ,RIVISTA STAMPA,DENTRO DE LA PRENSA,BASIN ÖZET;<br />
Baghdad calls on Ankara to<br />
enter direct talks on terror<br />
Iranian and Turkish officillls conclu<strong>de</strong> security me<strong>et</strong>ings in Ankara<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- Iraq has called on Turkey to<br />
enter into direct talks with Baghdad to s<strong>et</strong>tle<br />
the common problem of terrorism. Iraqi<br />
Ambassador to Turkey Rafi Daham AI Tikriti,<br />
speaking to the Anatolia news agency<br />
on Fnday, said that high-level talks b<strong>et</strong>ween<br />
the two countries should start without any<br />
further <strong>de</strong>lay to solve rising terrorism in<br />
both countries.<br />
"The reason behind escalating terrorism in<br />
the south of Turkey and the north of Iraq, is<br />
the fact that Turkish-Iraqi relations have<br />
been frozen since the Gulf War," the ambassador<br />
said. "It is necessary for high-level officials<br />
from both countries to come tog<strong>et</strong>her<br />
to exchange views. Economic problems in<br />
both the countries are on the rise, terrorism<br />
is escalating and the Kurdish problem is becoming<br />
very confused," he ad<strong>de</strong>d. He said<br />
his country also regar<strong>de</strong>d <strong>de</strong>velopments in<br />
northern Iraq as "terrorism" and called for<br />
Turkey and the international community to<br />
adopt a stance against events unfolding<br />
there. Iraq has kept the channels of communication<br />
with Iraqi Kurdish lea<strong>de</strong>rs Jalal Talabani<br />
and Masoud Barzani open, AI Tikriti<br />
said. "We will talk with them, but there<br />
should be no outsi<strong>de</strong> interference."<br />
The ambassador also said that Baghdad<br />
would back every move ma<strong>de</strong> against terrorism,<br />
adding his assurances that Iraq was in<br />
full support of Turkey's security.<br />
Meanwhile, Iranian Interior Ministry security<br />
official Ulan Huseyin Bolandlyan,<br />
who compl<strong>et</strong>ed contacts in Ankara Friday,<br />
repeated assurances that Tehran would not<br />
allow any terrorist activities directed towards<br />
Turkey to take place on Iranian soi~.<br />
"The Islamic Republic of Iran can. never<br />
ever become a place of refuge for terrorists,"<br />
Bolandiyan told reporters before his <strong>de</strong>parture<br />
at Ankara airport. Recalling a protocol<br />
on security cooperation signed b<strong>et</strong>ween Ankara<br />
and Tehran, Bolandiyan informed that<br />
the two si<strong>de</strong>s had now agreed to enter the<br />
implementation phase.<br />
The two countries agreed to prevent<br />
groups operating in their territory to the <strong>de</strong>triment<br />
of the other si<strong>de</strong>, and to exchange information<br />
on the activities of these groups.<br />
The si<strong>de</strong>s also agreed that when it is a<br />
question of organizing an operation against<br />
terrorist groups, a grour of observers of at<br />
least three members wi! be invited from the<br />
other country, Bolandiyan also explained.<br />
He said he had given Turkish officials information<br />
documenting Iranian Kurdis(an<br />
Democrat Party cooperation with the outlawed<br />
Kurdistan WorkeJ:S'Party (PKK). In<br />
r<strong>et</strong>urn, he ad<strong>de</strong>d, that members of the Iranian<br />
opposition group Mujahedin Khalq had<br />
been arrested by Turkish authorities.<br />
"Our joint bor<strong>de</strong>rs will once again become<br />
bor<strong>de</strong>rs of friendship and brotherhood," Bolandiyan<br />
went on to say.<br />
Turkey's Christians drift from ancestral homes<br />
By Aliza Marcus<br />
Reuters<br />
KOSRALI- Turkey's Christians, unnerved<br />
by a Kurdish guerrilla war on<br />
their doorsteps, are rapidly abandoning<br />
their ancestral homes in the southeast.<br />
"A hundred years ago, the regien was<br />
filled with Christians, Armenians, Syrians,<br />
Catholics, every type," said Father<br />
Tomas Bektas, the priest in this<br />
Syrian Orthodox village.<br />
"Now, anyone who has the opportunity<br />
leaves. In one or two rears, the<br />
whole village will be empty.'<br />
In the mpuntaihs behind his house, a<br />
few tottering stones are all that remain<br />
of an old church. A cave marks the entrance<br />
to a centuries-old monastery,<br />
now blocked by a rock fall. Soon Kosrali<br />
seems <strong>de</strong>stined to become one<br />
more jumble of <strong>de</strong>relict buildings,<br />
symbolising the glories and <strong>de</strong>spairs of<br />
Christian communities rooted in this<br />
region since Christ's time. Only 3,000<br />
Christians still inhabit the southeast,<br />
home to most of the 250,000 who lived<br />
in Turkey just after World War One.<br />
They are drifting away, partly for economic<br />
reasons but also for fear of anti-<br />
Christian sentiment and the guerrilla<br />
conflict.<br />
"Our life here is very difficult. We<br />
have no security to live freely as<br />
Christians,". said one man from the<br />
Midyat region, who 'like most Christians<br />
interviewed, asked not to be<br />
named. Church sources in Istanbul said<br />
Syrian Christian schools closed after<br />
the 1923 creation of the Turkish republic<br />
because community lea<strong>de</strong>rs accepted<br />
the legal status of Turks. Unlike tbe<br />
Jews and Armenians, they received no<br />
special protection for nghts such as<br />
private education un<strong>de</strong>r the 1923 Treaty<br />
of Lausanne's provisions for non-<br />
Moslem minorities. Syrian Christian<br />
children attend state schools and can<br />
only g<strong>et</strong> religious teaching informally<br />
at weekends from village priests and<br />
the nuns and monks in a few surviving<br />
monasteries. The Syrian. Christians<br />
here -- 10,000 more live in western<br />
Turkey -- said they often had trouble<br />
receiving publications from abroad in<br />
Syriac Ar~maic, the language spoken<br />
by Jesus Christ, or registenng Christian<br />
names for their children.<br />
"Even if we -can give the names, we<br />
face discrimination and trouble in using<br />
them in schools, the army and elsewhere,"<br />
said a Christian teacher from<br />
the Mardin area.<br />
Monks said it was so hard to obtain<br />
the government permits required for<br />
renovations to churches and monasteries<br />
that only basic repairs were done,<br />
often in secr<strong>et</strong>, to keep them standing.<br />
Syrian Christians said the separatist<br />
conflict wa8..edby the Kurdistan Workers<br />
Party (PKK) for niore than nine<br />
years, at a cost of more than 7,000<br />
lives, had aggravated their plight. They<br />
said community members had been arrested<br />
and tortured by security forces<br />
battling the PKK. Some had been mur<strong>de</strong>red.<br />
While almost no Christians<br />
have joined the PKK, government<br />
charges that Armenians are fighting<br />
for the Kurdish guerrillas have put all<br />
, Christians un<strong>de</strong>r suspicion, resI<strong>de</strong>nts<br />
saW."Here, there is only the military<br />
in control, there are no freedoms or human<br />
rights. You can't be a Christian,<br />
you can't be a Kurd, you can only be a<br />
Turk," said a 24-year-old engineer<br />
from near Midyat, who plans to emigrate<br />
to Europe soon. Chnstians are al-<br />
37
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
so at the mercy of the rebels, who <strong>de</strong>- .<br />
mand food or threaten people who<br />
transport supplies for the army.<br />
. The guemllas, generally mtolerant<br />
of alcohol, wereblamed for the killing<br />
of a winemaker in Dereici village, near<br />
Mardin, six months ago. That prompted<br />
most Christian villages to abandon<br />
their tradition of wine production, a<br />
monk said.<br />
Syrian Orthodox Christians here<br />
said their community had bl:en a targ<strong>et</strong><br />
for the Ottomans who virtually wiped<br />
out the Armenian presence in Turkey<br />
during World War One.<br />
. "For the Moslems here, a Christian<br />
was a Christian -- Armenian or Syrian<br />
both were killed," said the Mardih<br />
teacher. Syrian Christians said the<br />
worst ,attacks stopped after 1923, but<br />
,the community continued to feel exclu<strong>de</strong>d<br />
from official posts in the state<br />
sector and beleaguered in its Moslem<br />
surroundings. As tlie Christians' sense<br />
of security and freedom dwindled, the<br />
seat of the Patriarch moved to Syria in<br />
1933 after 700 years in Mardin.<br />
"This used to be the centre of the<br />
community," said the Mardin teacher<br />
"Our churches date back to the first<br />
century after Christ, and even before<br />
that ?ur forefathers were here. "During<br />
the time of the Ottoman Empire our<br />
bishops were respected, our pdople<br />
loved," he said. "But now, in the time<br />
of <strong>de</strong>mocracy, we have no rights."<br />
Military <strong>de</strong>nies obstructing<br />
solution to Kurdish problem<br />
MiliJary <strong>de</strong>termined to wipe out PKK, says DEP is<br />
PKJ('s representati}'2, pleased wiJh West's ban on PK/(<br />
Tu{kish D~~i;Nêw.s<br />
ANKARA- Arguing it does not<br />
constitute a barrier to a politiclll solution<br />
to the Kurdish problem, the<br />
Turkish military is <strong>de</strong>termined to<br />
put an end to separatist Kurdish terrorism<br />
before winter ends without<br />
harming <strong>de</strong>mocracy, the fundamentalist<br />
daily Zaman wrote on Friday.<br />
"The military thinks no different<br />
than us regarding the dissemination<br />
of freedoms and rights. They do not<br />
.suffer from any taboös on the use of<br />
the Kurdish language and support<br />
the principle of the freedom of the.<br />
individual to speak their minds<br />
freely," Fehmi Koro, Zaman's chief<br />
. columnist wrote. A top-brass military<br />
official at the Turkish Chief of<br />
Staff Headquarters told Zaman,<br />
however, that the Armed Forces are<br />
<strong>de</strong>termined to finish off the outlawed<br />
Kurdistan Workers' Party<br />
(PKK) by winter's end, wrote Koro.<br />
"Y<strong>et</strong> we are going to do so with-<br />
. out pursuing policIes injurious to<br />
the <strong>de</strong>mocratic regime," Koro quoted<br />
the military official as saying.<br />
'''The PKK is a terrorist organization,<br />
pure and simple. Hence, It<br />
. shall be liquidated. No recognition<br />
of this terrorist organization or of<br />
those acting On its behalf is possi-.<br />
ble,' said the official," Koro wrote.<br />
The Zam;;.:~ colu;'!1ni,t repor,ed<br />
that the Turkish military did not regard<br />
the <strong>de</strong>puties of the oro-Kurei-<br />
Ish Democracy Party (Dr.Î') as representatives<br />
of the nation..<br />
"We have never looked upon<br />
them as <strong>de</strong>puties. They are the <strong>de</strong>puties<br />
of the PKK -- because they.<br />
ran in the elections after the PKK<br />
or<strong>de</strong>red them to. Their presence in<br />
Parliament harms the influence' of<br />
the Turkish Parliament. We wish<br />
they were people that aim to really.<br />
do som<strong>et</strong>liing about Kurds. Y<strong>et</strong><br />
they are not," Koru quoted the<br />
Turkish military official as saying.<br />
Referring to the ongoing clashes<br />
b<strong>et</strong>ween security forces and the<br />
PKK, the Turkish military official<br />
said an "irregular war" was the case<br />
in the Southeast, adding that PKK<br />
members could never be called<br />
. "guerrillas."<br />
"They are simply terrorists resortin~<br />
to guerrilla ~actics:: he argue~.<br />
. We are fightlOgagalOst terronsts<br />
remaining within boundaries drawn<br />
by <strong>de</strong>mocratic principles. Article 49<br />
of the Turkish Penal Co<strong>de</strong> qualifies<br />
armed bandits as enemies. They attack<br />
civilians and our soldiers. The<br />
same article entitles us 10 self<strong>de</strong>fense<br />
as well,"he maintained.<br />
The topnotch official, Koro ad<strong>de</strong>d, said the Gulf<br />
War of 1991 had led to a strengthening of the<br />
PKK, with the organization filling up the power<br />
vacuum that emerged in northern Iraq and intensifying<br />
its attacks on Turkish targ<strong>et</strong>s. afterwards.<br />
Touching on Operation Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort -~<br />
dubbed Poised Hammer in Turkey -- the military<br />
official said it had its advantages and disadvantages,.<br />
."f.or~s<br />
long' as it maintains its presence, the<br />
pro~ability of a ~urdish Slate will increase. Talabam<br />
and Barzant [no'rthern Iraqi Kurdish lea<strong>de</strong>rs]<br />
are takin.g advantage of the current power vacuum.<br />
Y<strong>et</strong> If Poised Hammer is withdrawn, Saddam<br />
.. will have moved up to our very bor<strong>de</strong>r. He does<br />
~ot like Turkey and wi!1certainly back thePKK<br />
10 that case. The~ we .wlll be bereaved of the right<br />
to launch op,eratlons lOto northern Iraq whenever<br />
we want to, ' he told Koro.<br />
Referring t9 .parallel action by Germany and<br />
.France to ban tliePKK, the military official said<br />
the Armed Forces were pleased with the move.<br />
. "But if t~ose banned 10 Germany infiltrate BelgIUm,<br />
for mstance, the recent bans will mean<br />
.nothing. Those countries, to~, oug~t. to ban the<br />
PKK. The role played by Pnme MlOlster Tansu<br />
Çiller is consi<strong>de</strong>rable in<strong>de</strong>ed. Y<strong>et</strong> the Westerners'<br />
conduct raises some doubts as well. We are won<strong>de</strong>ring<br />
if they'U ask for concessions" he ad<strong>de</strong>d.<br />
He said the \nilitary was baffled by the phrase<br />
"political solution."<br />
."Aren't <strong>de</strong>mocratic rightß the sanie for everyone?<br />
We, of course, hope for the improvement of<br />
<strong>de</strong>mocratic rights for all the peöple living in Turkey.<br />
We, of course, want restrictions lifted en bloc<br />
all over Turkey. The Turkish Armed forces has<br />
been throughout its history, a reformist and progressive<br />
organization. We think we know b<strong>et</strong>ter<br />
than anyone else the benefits of <strong>de</strong>mocratization"<br />
he said.<br />
'<br />
, H~ add~d the military was for a discussion of<br />
cumcula 10 another language than Turkish and of<br />
the free use of another language by ils native<br />
speakers. .'<br />
. "B~t to <strong>de</strong>l\mit. such ,issues as the problem of<br />
one slOgleregIO~ISa mIstaken approach. We will<br />
not erect a bamer before the <strong>de</strong>mocratization of<br />
the country," the tpp-brass official affirmed.<br />
38
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RMSTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Ongoing pain of human rights in Turkey<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- The state of human rights in Turkey<br />
has been one of the main issues on the country's<br />
agenda, especially in its relalions with Europe, since<br />
the military coup d'<strong>et</strong>at in 1980.<br />
After the coup, the appalling state of human rights<br />
in Turkey isolated the country from many European<br />
institutions. B<strong>et</strong>ween 1980 and 1983, around 600,000<br />
people in the country were taken into police custody<br />
ID relation with the political violence during the late<br />
1970s. Most of tnem were reportedly mistreated or<br />
tortured during their questionmg)n police and gendarmerie<br />
stations. .<br />
The international.human 'rights moi'l.itoring group,<br />
Amnesty International (AI), .claimed tflat 230 people<br />
were tortured to <strong>de</strong>ath while un<strong>de</strong>r custody after the<br />
coup. (The Turkish ~ovemment in 1989 accerted that<br />
some 130 people nught have died because ..o to.nure.<br />
Thirty-four court cases were opened agamst mterrogator<br />
policemen.)<br />
As a result of mass trials in military courts, many<br />
people were sentenced to <strong>de</strong>ath and long prison terms.<br />
Fifty-three of the <strong>de</strong>ath penalties had been executed<br />
by 1983.<br />
That year elections were held in Turkey with certain<br />
milltary restrictions, and the civilian Motherland<br />
Party (ANAP) government and its lI)ajority in<br />
Parliament suspen<strong>de</strong>d the executions.<br />
But human rights violations did not stop in Turkey.<br />
In the meantime, Turkey has signed a number of<br />
DEP.' Is it possible to<br />
stop millions of Kurds?<br />
By Emre Gökalp<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- The Kurdish-based<br />
Democracy Party (DEP), which is<br />
on the verge of closure, believes it<br />
is possible to stop the party, but<br />
asks, "Is it possible to stop millions<br />
of Kurds?" Remzi Kartal,<br />
Van <strong>de</strong>puty and spokesman for the<br />
party, said Friday that Turkey<br />
would hot and could not solve its<br />
problems, including the Kurdish<br />
problem, as long as the chief of<br />
staff in Anka~a, the emergency<br />
rule region governor in DiyarbaIar<br />
and tribal lea<strong>de</strong>rs' as representatives<br />
of the Kurdish people in the<br />
Southeast continued to <strong>de</strong>termine<br />
the policies of Tu~key. Kartal, in a<br />
telephone interviê~ with Turkish<br />
Daily News, said that the state was<br />
<strong>de</strong>nying the DEP, which sought<br />
solutions to thecurrent problems<br />
of Turkey, especially the Kurdish<br />
issue, by <strong>de</strong>mocratIc means and<br />
without damaging Turkey's integrity,<br />
its right to exIst.<br />
The office of the chief prosecutot<br />
of the High Appeals Court filed<br />
a case Thursday at the Constitutional<br />
Court <strong>de</strong>manding the closure<br />
of the Democracy Party.<br />
An announcement from the<br />
prosecutor's office said that it had<br />
mdicted the DEP on charges of violating<br />
the Preamble and Articles<br />
2, 3, 14 and 69 of the Constitution<br />
and Articles 78 and 181 of the Political<br />
Parties' Law.<br />
"The current militarist administration<br />
has darkened the future of<br />
Turkey. All responsible people and<br />
. institutions should react to tbis <strong>de</strong>cision<br />
on the closure of the DEP<br />
for the sake of Turkey's future,"<br />
Kartal ad<strong>de</strong>d.<br />
At least 54 activists and politicians<br />
affiliated to the DEP which<br />
has 17 <strong>de</strong>puties in Parliament, including<br />
a member of Parliament<br />
from Mardin, Mehm<strong>et</strong> Sincar,<br />
have been shot by uni<strong>de</strong>ntified assassins<br />
over the past two years.<br />
DEP Chairman Ya~ar Kaya who<br />
has been arrested for "spreading<br />
separatist propaganda and publishing<br />
leafl<strong>et</strong>s of a-terrorist organiza-<br />
international conventions on prevention of torture and<br />
mistreatment of prisoners and <strong>de</strong>tainees, though its<br />
not possible to say that Turkish security personnel<br />
have fully compiled with the principles stated by<br />
those conventions and ratified by the government.<br />
. For example, according to recent reports, eight people<br />
have died un<strong>de</strong>r police or gendarmerie custody<br />
since the beginning of 1993.<br />
A ninth person reportedly died after being released,<br />
reportedly because of the torture he was subjected to<br />
while in custody.<br />
. The violations of human rights in Turkey caused<br />
human rights activists to g<strong>et</strong> tog<strong>et</strong>her and institutionalize.<br />
The Human Rights Association (!HD), which was<br />
established in 1986, was the first soci<strong>et</strong>y to reveal the<br />
violations systematically and promote the principles<br />
of human rights. Then came the Human Rights<br />
Foundation (!HV) in 1990 with a rather specialized<br />
cause: the rehabilitation of victims of torture and documentation<br />
of human rights violations. Since they<br />
were established, these two institutions have been<br />
contributing to the b<strong>et</strong>terment of the state of human<br />
rights in Turkey with their works and criticism, thus<br />
contributing to the strengthening of <strong>de</strong>mocracy in the<br />
country.<br />
TDN opens its pages to the secr<strong>et</strong>aries-general of<br />
both organizations as guest writers on the current<br />
human rights situation in Turkey, towards a more<br />
open and civil soci<strong>et</strong>y.<br />
tion (the PKK)" is still in jail.<br />
The closure of the DEP, Kartal<br />
went on to say, is the worst thing<br />
that can happen for Turkey. "It is<br />
possible to close down the DEP,<br />
but is it possible to stoe millions of Kurds. What will they<br />
do to stop the~ ~ peorle. '<br />
Chief of Genera Staff General Dogan Güre~ told the<br />
pro-Islamic daily Zaman on Friday that the members of<br />
Parliament representing the DEP were not the representatives<br />
of the people, but the representatives of the PKK.<br />
"Because they have entered into the elections on the or<strong>de</strong>rs<br />
of the PKK, their existence in Parliament has been <strong>de</strong>creasing<br />
the effectiveness of Parliament," the paper quoted<br />
'Güre~ as saying. Meanwhile, a press release from the DEP<br />
on the closure of the party said that the DEP is a party<br />
which has appeared to fill an existing political gap in the<br />
country.<br />
"If the party is closed down, there will be new formations<br />
instead,' it ad<strong>de</strong>d. "Such political <strong>de</strong>cisions will not<br />
solve the problems of the country."<br />
If the DEP is closed down by the Constitutional Court,<br />
the parliamentary immunities of a total of 17 DEP <strong>de</strong>putie~<br />
will be lifted, and they will be tried by a state security court<br />
(DGM). The prosecutIOn is <strong>de</strong>manding an investigation into<br />
their separaltst activities, and the <strong>de</strong>ath sentence may be<br />
given if they are foun~ guilty.<br />
Earlier last month, Prime MinisterTansu Ciller said that<br />
she was in favor of lifting the immunity of some of the<br />
DEP <strong>de</strong>puties, opening the way for trials which could put<br />
them on <strong>de</strong>ath row.<br />
39
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEYOKA<br />
ÇAPÊ~RMSTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />
~<br />
~ I questIOn<br />
, uman<br />
IHV<br />
R · h t<br />
rehabilitation<br />
Izmir.<br />
Association<br />
Human Rights Foundation<br />
Funding of the physical and psychological<br />
The Human Rights Foundation of treatment of torture victims is provi<strong>de</strong>d for<br />
' Turkey (lHV -standing for Insan through donations and supportto the individ-<br />
Haklari Vakfi) is a nongovernmental ual projects by national and international<br />
organization which was established nongovernmental institutions, ~nd .individuin<br />
1990 by 32 people.<br />
aIs. IHV' s second field of activity ISthe sys-<br />
Working on the principle of individual pro- tematic documentation of human rights abus- ,<br />
jects, the IHV has two main fields of activity. es in Turkey.<br />
gives priority to 'the rehabilitation of ' The mV documentation center prints<br />
victims of torture. '<br />
daily, weekly an<br />
d<br />
year<br />
I<br />
~ reports.on t<br />
h<br />
e VIOa-<br />
. I<br />
The foundation has s<strong>et</strong> up three torture tions of human fights III Turkey.<br />
centers in Ankara, Istanbul and Subscriptions to these reports provi<strong>de</strong> addi-<br />
tional funds to the foundation to be used<br />
H<br />
, 19 S So far hundreds of people have been again in documentation activities, The sub-<br />
,affected by torture they were subjected to scription address is: Menek~e 2 Sokak, 16/6-<br />
, while in police and gendarmerie custody.' 7,06640, KlZllay, Ankara.<br />
What are human rights?<br />
In<br />
he Human Rights Association ' . '" ' ' ..<br />
T(IHo-standing for Insan Haklan Turkey, t~e main queStlon IS: w,hat Islatureand the carelessness and un~llhn.g-<br />
Oernegi) was established on July are hum.an nghts? Now eve.nofficiaIs nessof the government and all officiaI clr-<br />
17, 1986; by 98 people, including ~re ta.1klngabo.ut huma~ nghts. The cles. . . ' '<br />
aca<strong>de</strong>mics, authors, jurists, engineers, .. Issue ISev~n being mentIOnedo~ tele- , There I~a fall~re on alllevels to search for<br />
architects journalists and sorne relatives of. VISion.The Turkish g?vernment has ~lgned <strong>de</strong>m.ocratlcsolutlons.<br />
prisoners.' ' .' , al~ost every. accord In Europe and !n the Villages .are burned, towns are evacuated,<br />
There were two prior initiatives to estab- U nlled NatIOns .about huma~ fights. <strong>de</strong>mo,nstratlng.groups ,are ~red upon, people<br />
lish a human rights association in Turkey However, .the q~estlon of human nghts !TIust are ki!led ~unn~ h?u~e raids and mur<strong>de</strong>r~d<br />
in 1946 and 1962 but they did not last very be so.m<strong>et</strong>hlngdifferent than the ~uman nghts ' by. um<strong>de</strong>~tl~ed mdlv!duals, p~ople are Stlll<br />
long., ' , 'mentlOned.so frequently byoffIclals. dYing.whJI~In <strong>de</strong>tentIOnand disappearances<br />
Th ' , tablishment of the third one came To~ay, If you ~ery clearly state that the are stl~l~akingplace. .<br />
t ~ es h Turkish soci<strong>et</strong>y nee<strong>de</strong>d to Kurdls.h.problem In Turk~y must be solved Off1c~als, however, are talking about<br />
~ a !me w en und reated b ' by pohtlcal and <strong>de</strong>mocratlc means, you may human nghts more than ever.<br />
and he~l the wo ,s ~ . y be, co'nsi<strong>de</strong>red a traitor. If you give some Systematic torture and mur<strong>de</strong>r are still on<br />
, the - th~~, p~tally -; con~lnulngmartial facts about the violations 'Ofsecurity forces the top of the list of human rights violations<br />
law. ~dmmlstratlO~ ~nd particularly b~ the in the Southeast, you may be accused of tak- in Turkey. What is more, these drastic viola-<br />
~eclsl~ns of the~lIhtary courts. That sltua- ing si<strong>de</strong>s with the PKK (outlawed Kurdistan tions are verified by the official reports of<br />
lIOnm!ght explain why the IHO h~s gro~n Workers' Party). ' the Council of Europe and also by the United<br />
so qUickly to <strong>de</strong>fend human fights In What happens to Kurdishpeople who Nations. ' ,<br />
Turkey. ' .' 'leave their towns and villages in the There are all kinds of attacks on journal-<br />
Irhas57 branch'offtces and l1lore than Southeast and move to the Western and ists, on the freedom of expression and con-<br />
22,000 members t~roughout the country. Southern parts of Turkey? What kind of Tela- ,science, on human rights ?rg~nizations and<br />
So far, the IHO ~ efforts have not been tions do they have with the Turkish commu- on <strong>de</strong>mocraticmass orgamzatlOns and even<br />
costless. Many ,of ItS l1)embers have been nities there?, on political parties.<br />
prosecuted by courts because of state~ents Are they confronted with hostile feelings, Whenever the PKK terrorist activities<br />
they ma<strong>de</strong> on the, state of ~.um::lnflght.s. can they findjobs easily.and can they fit i~to intensify, o~ficials.8.!'eready with the most<br />
Some IHP executlyes! especially those In the soci<strong>et</strong>y Withsome minor problems which un<strong>de</strong>mocratic r<strong>et</strong>ahatl?nplans and un<strong>de</strong>moc- '<br />
the Kurdish secesslOmsm struck southeast have nothing to do with resentment of the tatie recommendatIons of new laws or<br />
Turkey, have been killed. The mur<strong>de</strong>r Kurds? ,amendments to bring back the implementacas~s<br />
are'still unsolved., "These observations and questions concern tion of capital punishment and more severe<br />
Eighteen branch offices of t~e ~ssocla- some of the toughest human rights problems. punishments as we see even today.<br />
tion in the East and Southeast have been in Turkey, and what is more <strong>de</strong>vastating is, However, in spite of these grim facts,<br />
closed for the lime being, mainly because the fact that no one is doing anything offi- <strong>de</strong>aths, mur<strong>de</strong>rs; misery and sadness, there is<br />
of threats received by the members. ' cially to resolve such problems which may in a tremendous attempt by, the <strong>de</strong>mocratic-<br />
The association was recently awar<strong>de</strong>d, the future lead to new violations arid prob- min<strong>de</strong>d in Turkey te;>stop all of these viola-<br />
ECU 100,000 by the European Union as a lems' ,like' theone in former tions. "<br />
contribution to its activities toward a b<strong>et</strong>ter Yugoslavia.' " "," .' " Wh<strong>et</strong>her this <strong>de</strong>mocratlc atte!TIptwill su~standard<br />
of human rights. Everybody talks about huma~ fights In ,ceed or not largely rests on t~e JOintand um-<br />
40<br />
Turkey, but the concr<strong>et</strong>e human nghts. prob- versal efforts of the human nghts movement<br />
lems continue due to lack of <strong>de</strong>mocratlC leg- throughout the world. '
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ~RNISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE lA PRENSA~BASlN ÖZETi<br />
A.F.P. - AgenceFrance Presse-A.F.P. - AgenceFrance Presse-A.F.P. - AgenceFrance Presse-A.F.P. - AgenceFrance Press<br />
FRA0447 4 GI 0251 FRA /AFP-KA46<br />
France-KU1'~<strong>de</strong>s<br />
Une douzaine <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s en grève <strong>de</strong> la faim ~ Strasbourg<br />
STRASBOURG, 6 déc (AFP) - Une douzaine <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> Turquie observent une<br />
grève <strong>de</strong> la faim ~ Strasbourg <strong>de</strong>puis samedi pour protester contre la<br />
dissolution d'associations kur<strong>de</strong>s en France, ont annoncé lundi <strong>de</strong>s<br />
responsables <strong>de</strong> l'Association <strong>de</strong>s tt~availleurs du Kurdistan, une <strong>de</strong>s<br />
organisations dissoutes. .<br />
Deux décr<strong>et</strong>s ont été publiés vendredi au Journal officiel portant sur la<br />
dissolution du Comité du Kurdistan, <strong>de</strong> la Fédération <strong>de</strong>s associations<br />
culturelles du Kurdistan <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s sept associations regroupées par c<strong>et</strong>te même<br />
fédét~ation.<br />
Les grévistes <strong>de</strong> la faim enten<strong>de</strong>nt protester contre la dissolution <strong>de</strong> leur<br />
association "ql.lÎexiste pacifiquement <strong>de</strong>puis 1983 ~ Stt~asbout~g <strong>et</strong> est en<br />
relation constante avec les institutions sociales <strong>et</strong> administratives <strong>de</strong> la<br />
région", a déclaré ~ la presse Huseyin Elmali, représentant <strong>de</strong> l'association<br />
<strong>et</strong> membre <strong>de</strong> la Commission consultative <strong>de</strong>s étrangers <strong>de</strong> la ville <strong>de</strong><br />
Stt~asboI.wg.<br />
Les militants kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>nt également la libération immédiate <strong>de</strong>s 20<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s actuellement détenus en France après la rafle opérée le 18 novembre<br />
dans toute la France.<br />
POI.W Huseyin Elmali, lui-même at~t~êtépuis t~el~ché, "ces at~t~estations<br />
fortement médiatisées ne sont qu'une opération <strong>de</strong> mark<strong>et</strong>ing pour que la France<br />
ven<strong>de</strong> tt~anquillement ses at~mes au t~égime tUt~C qui s' en s<strong>et</strong>~t contt~e les Kut~<strong>de</strong>s".<br />
L'Alsace compte environ 7.000 Kur<strong>de</strong>s sur une population estimée en France<br />
~ près <strong>de</strong> 80.000.<br />
lh/dbe/sp<br />
AFP 061829 DEC 93<br />
A.F.P. - AgenceFrance Presse-A.F.P. - AgenceFrancePresse- A.F.P. - AgenceFrance Presse-A.F.P. - AgenceFrance Press<br />
FRA0298 4 I 0187 SUI /AFP-IJ27<br />
SIJisse-Kut~<strong>de</strong>s<br />
Pas d'interdiction du PKK en Suisse, mais surveillance accrue<br />
BERNE, 6 déc (AFP) - Le gouvernement suisse a décidé lundi une série <strong>de</strong><br />
mesures <strong>de</strong> surveillance du Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du Kurdistan (PKK,<br />
séparatiste en lutte armée contt~e le gouvernement turc), mais ne veut pas<br />
interdire c<strong>et</strong>te organisation.<br />
Alors que l'Allemagn. <strong>et</strong> la France viennent d'interdire le PKK <strong>et</strong> ses<br />
organisations annexes, la Suisse estime, comme la Belgique <strong>et</strong> les Pays-Bas,<br />
qu'une int<strong>et</strong>~diction, <strong>et</strong> donc un passage ~ la clan<strong>de</strong>stinité, rendrait plus<br />
difficile<br />
Koll<strong>et</strong>~.<br />
'la surveillance du PKK, a expliqué le ministre <strong>de</strong> la police Arnold<br />
Cependant les cadres i<strong>de</strong>ntifiés du PKK se verront refuser l'entt~ée en<br />
Suisse <strong>et</strong> les contrOles d'i<strong>de</strong>ntité <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> port d'armes seront renforcés dans<br />
toute la Confédération.<br />
L'activité du PKK, mouvement très structuré qui est accusé <strong>de</strong> recourir au<br />
chantage pOUt~ extorqu<strong>et</strong>~ <strong>de</strong>s fonds, constitue "un sét~ieux dang<strong>et</strong>~" pOUt~ la<br />
Suisse, a déclaré M. Koller. Le ministre a rappelé qu'en juin, un manifestant<br />
kur<strong>de</strong> avait été tué par un coup <strong>de</strong> feu tiré <strong>de</strong>puis l'ambassa<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Turquie ~<br />
Berne.<br />
jms/ms<br />
AFP 061519 DEC 93<br />
41
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN OZETi<br />
/ ...~..: .:.<br />
By FREDERICK<br />
PAINTON<br />
If only there were hal1nony among us,<br />
If we were to obey a single one of us,<br />
He would reduce our vassalage un<strong>de</strong>r<br />
Turks, Arabs and Persians, all of them.<br />
We would pelfect religion, our state,<br />
And would educate ourselves in leaming<br />
andwisdom.<br />
-AHMED KHANE<br />
17TH CENTURY KURDISH POET<br />
THE WISTFUL LA.MENT FOR A QUARrelsome<br />
mountain people rings as<br />
true today as it did 400 years ago. It<br />
is as if the Kurds-like France's<br />
Bourbons-have remembered everything<br />
but learned nothing from their<br />
long, bitter history. E\'er di\'i<strong>de</strong>d among<br />
themselves by blood feuds and clan rivalries,<br />
they still feel oppressed by the rulers-<br />
Turk, Arab, Persian-whose kingdoms,<br />
empires and governments have<br />
claimed the Kurds' allegiance. Where they<br />
live is known as the Land of Insolence, a<br />
spine of mountains that curls through<br />
southeastern Turkey into Syria, Iraq, Iran<br />
and parts of Armenia. This is the Kurds'<br />
fortress home-a forbidding country of<br />
jagged peaks and <strong>de</strong>ep valleys that nourishes<br />
dreams of in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nce born of a<br />
legendary past 3,000 years ago. Down the<br />
centuries the Kurds have rebelled against<br />
all their rulers. In just the past iO years<br />
they have risen against the Turks 16 times,<br />
only to be ultimately crushed; similarly.<br />
they have sought to throw off Iraqi and<br />
Iranian rule, only to me<strong>et</strong> the same fate.<br />
This time, though, is different. What<br />
began as a scattershot armed insurgency<br />
nine years ago in Turkey's mountainous<br />
southeast corner is approaching the dimensions<br />
of a full-blown war that in the<br />
past 12 months has spread from 10 to 20<br />
provinces. It is the longest-running Kurdish<br />
rebellion, the most successful and the<br />
bloodiest in Turkish history.<br />
The number of combatants and civilians<br />
killed on both si<strong>de</strong>s so far is officially<br />
put at 11,000 and climbing at an average of<br />
24<br />
TIME. DECDIBER 6, 1993<br />
42
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA<br />
STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />
30 <strong>de</strong>aths a day. At the heavily guar<strong>de</strong>d<br />
Turkish base in Diyarbakir, the capital of<br />
the embattled southeast, the scene is reminiscent<br />
of Danang at the height of the<br />
Vi<strong>et</strong>nam conflict. Half a million refugees<br />
from the fighting, includingperhaps thousands<br />
of un<strong>de</strong>rground Kurdish agents, are<br />
crow<strong>de</strong>d into the city. Huey and Black<br />
Hawk assault helicopters and Cobra gunships<br />
line the runway next to rows of F-4<br />
fighter-bombers that are flying day and<br />
night strikes against Kurdish guerrilla<br />
strongholds in the mountains. Around<br />
200,000 troops are <strong>de</strong>ployed in the surrounding<br />
region-regular army units as<br />
well as special antiguerrilla forces and village<br />
guards. Currently 10,000 special<br />
troopers are engaged in an offensive <strong>de</strong>signed<br />
to root the rebels out of their hi<strong>de</strong>outs<br />
by the end of December.<br />
This is a dirty war, with bloody ambushes<br />
and punitive search-and-<strong>de</strong>stroy<br />
missions-and the civilian population<br />
trapped in b<strong>et</strong>ween. At night the guerriIlas<br />
are in control of many roads; during the<br />
day they throw up surprise roadblocks,<br />
stopping civilian and military vehicles and<br />
often shooting the occupants.<br />
While some analysts still <strong>de</strong>scribe the<br />
conflict as "a limited civil war;' the limits<br />
are clearly expanding. With increasing<br />
<strong>de</strong>speration the rebels are trying to drive<br />
Turkish authority from the heart of the<br />
southeast. Politicians and journalist~ are<br />
threatened with <strong>de</strong>ath if caught in the<br />
area. The Kurdish extremists have banned<br />
alcohol, smoking and Turkish newspapers.<br />
Oil companies, including Mobil,<br />
have been forced to shut down operations<br />
and pull out. Assymbols ofTurkish "imperialism,"<br />
schoolteachers have been special<br />
targ<strong>et</strong>s: 47 have been killed so far this year<br />
in a campaign that also burned down 500<br />
schools and forced 3,060 to close. Over the<br />
P.K.K. GUERRILLAS in the Zagros<br />
Mountains: The current insurrection is the<br />
most ferocious ever; below, Turkish artillery<br />
firing on rebei positions<br />
past three months, the insurgents have<br />
killed more than 200 Kurdish women and<br />
children in acts of pure terrorism aimed to<br />
ensure that no one cooperates with the<br />
Turks.<br />
ILNUR CEVIK, THE EDITOR OF ANKARA'S<br />
English-language Turkish Daily<br />
News, pronounces the Kurdish guerrilla<br />
movement "a serious threat to the<br />
Turkish state." Prime Minister Tansu<br />
Ciller, 47, in office for only five months,<br />
this month admitted that "facing us is a<br />
terrorist movement that has been turned<br />
into a spreading militia movement. Its<br />
purpose is not to bring <strong>de</strong>mocracy and<br />
welfare to the people but to split the country.<br />
They kill whoever crosses their path,<br />
wh<strong>et</strong>her it's Turk, Kurd, man, woman or<br />
child. They are h)'ing to prevent March<br />
municipal elections. But we wiII not l<strong>et</strong><br />
them."<br />
The threat is serious in militai)'<br />
terms-and insidious in its slow polarization<br />
of Turkish soci<strong>et</strong>y. The risk is not that<br />
the government will crumble un<strong>de</strong>r the<br />
guerriIlas' assault, but that the steady escalation<br />
of the conflict could in the end <strong>de</strong>rail<br />
<strong>de</strong>mocracy. That possibility is <strong>de</strong>eply<br />
troubling to Turks as well as to their NATO<br />
allies and potential European Community<br />
partners who see Turkey as an anchor of<br />
stability and secularism in a strategic area<br />
wracked by <strong>et</strong>hnic conflict and political<br />
and religious tension. To the north, in the<br />
Caucasus, war flickers in three now in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
former Sovi<strong>et</strong> republics-Georgia,<br />
Armenia and Azerbaijan-and Russian<br />
military power seeks to reassert itself.<br />
To the south and east, old enmities smol<strong>de</strong>r<br />
among Syria, Iraq and Iran. Above all,<br />
there is increasing evi<strong>de</strong>nce that Armenia<br />
has joined Iran, Iraq, Syria and Greece in<br />
giving secr<strong>et</strong> support to the Kurdish guerrillas.<br />
For the first time this month a Turkish<br />
Prime Minister publicly accused the<br />
country's neighbors of helping the insurgents.<br />
Warned CiIler: "We are making it<br />
clear to these people that if they are<br />
friends, they must show their friendship.<br />
If they aren't, we wiII do what is necessary:'<br />
What is necessal)', it was explained,<br />
wiII range from diplomatic pressures to<br />
military strikes into these countries to<br />
reach rebel bases and insurgency lea<strong>de</strong>rs<br />
operating there.<br />
For <strong>de</strong>ca<strong>de</strong>s governments in Ankara dismissed<br />
unrest in the remote Kurdish mountain<br />
strongholds as banditry. The Kurds were<br />
consi<strong>de</strong>red a <strong>de</strong>prived, backward and tradition-bound<br />
people. Use of their language<br />
and Kurdish-language newspapers were<br />
outlawed, as were most other ex'Pressions of<br />
their distinct culture. Officially Turks referred<br />
to Kurds as "mountain Thrks" and expected<br />
them to assimilate. Those who did<br />
were accepted as Turks, and many rose to<br />
prominent positions.<br />
TIME, DECEMBER 6,1993<br />
25<br />
43
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RwISTA<br />
,<br />
STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASlN ÖZETi<br />
The dismissive approach to Kurdish <strong>de</strong>l' its command. Today the<br />
--'~ range and power, or<strong>de</strong>red<br />
grievances began to change in the mid-'80s P,K.K. claims to have a hardcore<br />
~ his guerrillas to attack tarwhen<br />
unrest flared into a concerted terror<br />
force of 5,000 highly<br />
~ g<strong>et</strong>s in 28 EuroPea'n cities,<br />
campaign conducted by the Kurdish Workers'<br />
trained guerrillas operating<br />
~ specifically Turki$h gov<strong>de</strong>dicated<br />
Party (P.K.K.), a militant Marxist group insi<strong>de</strong> Turkey, backed by as<br />
~ ernment and tourism of-<br />
to wresting Kurdish autonomy many as 150,000 militiamen<br />
-: fices and banks in Germany,<br />
from Ankara. In the years since then, the plus an estimated 2 million<br />
Switzerland, Britain<br />
P.K.K. has emerged, by most measures, as sympathizers among the 12<br />
and France. The blaze of<br />
the most l<strong>et</strong>hal terrorisFguerrilla organization<br />
million Kurds in Turkey's pop-<br />
',.violence last July, accom-<br />
in the world.<br />
ulation of 57 million people.<br />
p~nied by shouts of "Kur-<br />
In its ruthless disregard for human life, The P.K.K. can count on a<br />
distan lives!;' caught the<br />
the party is similar to Peru's Maoist Shining multimillion-dollar income<br />
attention of the world.<br />
Path movement today and Cambodia's that buys it relatively sophisticated<br />
weapomy, including<br />
French govern-<br />
This month the<br />
MASTERMIND ABDULLAH<br />
Khmer Rouge of the '70s. The first victims<br />
OCALAN: Known as Apo, he<br />
of P.K.K. terror were not Turks but Kurds, high-tech communications<br />
ment roun<strong>de</strong>d up<br />
is said to have "the<br />
thousands of countryfolk-men, women gear, and a n<strong>et</strong>work of agents compassion of a cobra" hundreds of Kurds<br />
and children-who were executed because and supporters in the Middle<br />
suspected of being<br />
village lea<strong>de</strong>rs had hesitated to throw in East and Europe. Much of the money is members of the P.K.K.; last week,<br />
their lot with the P.K.K.<br />
raised through so-called contributions-in Germany outlawed the P.K.K. on<br />
'''''hile some Kurds turned to the guer~ some cases plain extortion-from the estimated<br />
its soil.<br />
rillas out of fear, others joined their ranks<br />
1.5 million Kurds working in Eu-<br />
Fittingly enough, the name<br />
in reaction against the Turkish military's rope and from Kurd-owned businesses Ocalan means revenge in Kurdish.<br />
bloody reprisals, including the bombing or that are forced to pay a "revolutionary The guerrilla lea<strong>de</strong>r got the name<br />
partial <strong>de</strong>struction and som<strong>et</strong>imes evacuation<br />
in memory ofhis father who, Ocaed<br />
of Kurdish mountain haml<strong>et</strong>s suspect-<br />
Ian claims, was killed in an uprising<br />
of giving aid to the P.K.K. Support also<br />
against the Turks in 1925. A brilliant<br />
<strong>de</strong>rived from the fact that the P.K.K.'S campaign<br />
stu<strong>de</strong>nt, Ocalan won a schol-<br />
put the Kurdish question on the front<br />
arship to the prestigious faculty of<br />
pages and ma<strong>de</strong> it Turkey's most compelling<br />
political science in Ankara, the<br />
issue.<br />
training center for Turkey's top<br />
When the P.K.K. launched its first major<br />
civil servants. He quickly sought<br />
offensive from bases in Syria in 1984, it had<br />
a few hundred ill-equipped irregulars un-<br />
44<br />
tax:' Millions of dollars more come from<br />
the drug tra<strong>de</strong>, where the P.K.K. is thought<br />
to control30% to 40% of the flow ofheroin<br />
from Afghanistan, Iran and Lebanon<br />
through Thrkey to Europe.<br />
If the Kurdish insurgency is recognized<br />
as the biggest challenge facing the Turkish<br />
government, one man can be held chiefly<br />
responsible. He is Abdullah ("Apo") Oca-<br />
Ian, a 44-year-old revolutionary born of a<br />
landless family in the heart of<br />
what is now the embattled<br />
Kurdish country. Ocalan is <strong>de</strong>scribed<br />
by one journalist who<br />
m<strong>et</strong> him repeatedly as "having<br />
the compassion of a cobra:'<br />
From his headquarters in<br />
Damascus, Ocalan is said to<br />
wield uncontested authority<br />
over the P.K.K. Last March he<br />
<strong>de</strong>clared "a unilateral ceasefire"<br />
and called on Ankara to<br />
open a public discussion of<br />
Kurdish rights. The government<br />
respon<strong>de</strong>d by limiting<br />
military operations, but the<br />
truce en<strong>de</strong>d abruptlyon May<br />
24 with a massacre that enraged<br />
the Turkish army. P.K.K.<br />
commandos attacked a bus in<br />
the southeast and executed<br />
the 33 unarmed army recruits<br />
aboard by shooting each in the<br />
face. According to Unal Erkan,<br />
the supergovernor of Diyarbakir,<br />
Ocalan switched tactics because<br />
his P.K.K. forces, were<br />
suffering heavy losses and he<br />
nee<strong>de</strong>d to show his strength.<br />
Three weeks after breaking<br />
his own truce, Ocalan<br />
vowed at a press conference<br />
"the most ferocious" campaign<br />
against the Thrks and, in<br />
.,.,.'.";,~,.,:, a <strong>de</strong>monstration of the P.K.K.'S<br />
"~:~~~<br />
~.,
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ.RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA.BASIN ÖZET;<br />
er military coup, we want an end to <strong>de</strong>mocracy<br />
in Thrkey. Then we will win:' It<br />
is difficult to see how Kurds, as members<br />
of a minority, could possibly benefit from<br />
a breakdown of law and or<strong>de</strong>r in Turkey.<br />
Already some Kurds have been fired<br />
or refused jobs by Turkish employers.<br />
Tensions b<strong>et</strong>ween the two communities<br />
are rising. Foreseeing an intensification<br />
of the fighting in the southeast this winter,<br />
Turkish journalist Ism<strong>et</strong> Ims<strong>et</strong> asks,<br />
"\\That is going to be the reaction of the<br />
At the same time, most experts and<br />
diplomatic observers agree that there<br />
cannot be a purely military solution.<br />
While Ankara's latest policy calls for<br />
stepped-up military pressure against the<br />
P.K.K., it also envisages generous economic<br />
aid to the <strong>de</strong>pressed southeastern<br />
region and calls for cultural rights for<br />
Kurds, with the aim of winning "hearts<br />
and minds:'<br />
As Ciller explains, "The most important<br />
problem is to separate the terrorist<br />
there are grounds for pru<strong>de</strong>nt optimism.<br />
Evi<strong>de</strong>nce is mounting that the Kurds are<br />
becoming increasingly war-weary, disinclined<br />
to support, much less sacrifice<br />
for, the P.K.K. Last week 12 Kurdish tribal<br />
lea<strong>de</strong>rs representing a million of their<br />
compatriots m<strong>et</strong> in Ankara with Ciller<br />
and asked for heavier weapons with<br />
which to <strong>de</strong>fend their villages against<br />
the P.K.K.<br />
Then there are Kurds like Isiklar,<br />
whose courage and common sense give<br />
A KURDISH REFUGEE CAMP ON THE TURKEY.IRAQ BORDER: Iran, Iraq, Syria, Greece and Annenia have been accused of helpingthe rebels<br />
West if all this finally leads to a straight<br />
Kurd-Thrk fight all over the country?"<br />
\\!hile that prospect is unimaginable to<br />
most Turks, the situation is precarious.<br />
Summing up a wi<strong>de</strong>spread view, Birand<br />
says he does not believe in a quick solution.<br />
"We have a long and bloody struggle ahead<br />
of us;' he says, "more <strong>de</strong>ad and woun<strong>de</strong>d,<br />
just to see which si<strong>de</strong> will blink first. Don't<br />
forg<strong>et</strong>, the Thrkish army has its reputation<br />
to think of, above all. Ifit doesn't succeed in<br />
crushing the P.K.K., the failure will make it<br />
look bad:' According to Kurdish intellectuals<br />
and parliamentarians, it is the military,<br />
rather than government or parliament, that<br />
is making policy toward the Kurdish insurgency<br />
these days.<br />
from the civilian. That is the start:' In any<br />
case, as former Kurdish parliamentary<br />
Deputy Fehmi Isiklar asks, "\\Thorn can<br />
the government talk to;' without a party<br />
in parliament that represents the Kurds?<br />
Says a leading Thrkish businessman:<br />
"There is no way this government, as any<br />
previous government, can make concessions<br />
to the Kurds until the fighting stops.<br />
Any government that does so faces <strong>de</strong>feat<br />
at the polls." Like her pre<strong>de</strong>cessors,<br />
Ciller initially hinted at granting cultural<br />
autonomy to the Kurds, but with elections<br />
coming up in March and conservative<br />
Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Suleyman Demirelleaning<br />
on her to <strong>de</strong>sist, Ciller has backed off.<br />
Although the winter will be grim,<br />
reason for hope. He sees progress. "Already<br />
the Turks admit that Kurds now exist;'<br />
he says, "that we actually are a separate<br />
race of people. I want Turkish public opinion<br />
to bring the bloodshed to an end. I believe<br />
in the Thrkish state. There is some<br />
good in it and some bad. But we are trying<br />
to <strong>de</strong>mocratize it:'<br />
The problem, of course, is not with<br />
Isiklar and Kurds like him, but with<br />
Ocalan and his followers. As long as<br />
they <strong>de</strong>termine the course of the struggle<br />
and as long as Ankara feels it cannot<br />
offer concessions, peace will be a long<br />
way off. -Reporfed by Mehmef All<br />
Kis/ali/Ankara, Naomi Morris/Berlin and James<br />
Wil<strong>de</strong>/Siirf<br />
TIME, DECEMBER6. 1993<br />
27<br />
45
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RMSTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Tribune 6 décembre 1993<br />
SUITE AU COUP DE FILET ANTI PKK<br />
Un Kur<strong>de</strong> lyonnais<br />
assigné à rési<strong>de</strong>nce<br />
Un comité <strong>de</strong> soutien a rencontré le préf<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> police, afin<br />
<strong>de</strong> protester contre c<strong>et</strong>te décision<br />
Près <strong>de</strong> quinze. jours après<br />
la' vaste opération <strong>de</strong> police<br />
dirigée contre. les' membres,<br />
présumés ,du Parti <strong>de</strong>s Travailleurs<br />
du Kurdistan (PKK), le<br />
porte-parole <strong>de</strong> la communauté<br />
kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Rhône-Alpes S'est vu<br />
notifier un arrêté ,d'assignation<br />
à rési<strong>de</strong>nce dans un village<br />
proc"e <strong>de</strong> Tours.<br />
Mustapha Kisa avait été interpellé<br />
le 18 novembre <strong>de</strong>rnier,<br />
avec plusieurs <strong>de</strong> ses<br />
coreligjonnaires; Après quel- ,<br />
ques heures <strong>de</strong> gar<strong>de</strong> à vue, il "<br />
avait été hbéré <strong>et</strong> .aucun~ pour- ,<br />
suite judiciaire n'avait été<br />
entreprise contre lui.<br />
Finalement, <strong>et</strong> alors qu'il se<br />
:~endait à <strong>Paris</strong>, mercredi, il a<br />
été arrêté par les gendarmes<br />
;sur l'autoroute A-6. Au cours<br />
<strong>de</strong> ce simple contrôle <strong>de</strong> routine,<br />
les militaires lui ,?nt notifié<br />
son assignation à rési<strong>de</strong>nce ,sur<br />
décision du ministère <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur<br />
en date du 30 novembre.<br />
Mustapha Kisa a aussitôt été<br />
invité à suivre les forces, <strong>de</strong><br />
l~ordre qui l'ont immédiatement<br />
conduit à Sainte-Maure-<strong>de</strong>-<br />
TourlilinE!,p<strong>et</strong>it vill~ge <strong>de</strong> la<br />
région l'le Tours.<br />
•Par ,ail(eurs',<strong>et</strong>: toujours siJr<br />
décision du ministère <strong>de</strong> l'intérieur,<br />
Mustapha Kisa fait l'obj<strong>et</strong>'<br />
d'un arrêté <strong>de</strong> reconduite à la<br />
frontière, assorti d'un sursi à<br />
exécution, mais applicable à<br />
tout moment.<br />
Vendredi après-midi, une<br />
délégation composée <strong>de</strong> représentants<br />
<strong>de</strong> SOS Racisme, du<br />
CentFil culturel œcuménique <strong>de</strong><br />
Villeurbanne, <strong>de</strong> la CIMADE, du<br />
CRARDA, du MRAP, <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />
Résistance Verte a rencontré'<br />
Marcel Leclerc, préf<strong>et</strong> adjoint à<br />
la sécurité.<br />
Au cours <strong>de</strong> l'entr<strong>et</strong>ien, ce<br />
comité a fait part <strong>de</strong> sa vive<br />
protestation à l'égard <strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>ux<br />
décisions ministérielles. « Mustapha<br />
Kisa n'est pas un. terroriste,<br />
soulignait Jean YI.ncent<br />
<strong>de</strong> SOS Raçisme. D a1lleu.rs<br />
,l'abandon <strong>de</strong> toute poursu~te<br />
judiciaire est la preuve qu.e(len<br />
'n'a ~té r<strong>et</strong>enu contre lUI. Ces<br />
'Srr~tés ne nous semblent pas<br />
fond~s <strong>et</strong> les avocats <strong>de</strong> Mustapha<br />
entreprendront <strong>de</strong> forme.r<br />
<strong>de</strong>s recours contre ces décIsions»'.<br />
En attendant, le jeune<br />
: homme est tenu <strong>de</strong>' « pointer»<br />
:chaque jour au commiss~riat<br />
'<strong>de</strong> Sainte-Maure-<strong>de</strong>-Touraine,<br />
'mais il reste libre <strong>de</strong> rencontrer<br />
, ses proches.<br />
Depuis le coup <strong>de</strong> fil<strong>et</strong> du<br />
18 novembre, Mustapha Kisa<br />
est le <strong>de</strong>uxième Kur<strong>de</strong> assigné<br />
à rési<strong>de</strong>nce. Une jeune femme<br />
avait fait l'obj<strong>et</strong> d'une décision<br />
similaire. Elle est actuelleme~t<br />
, tenue <strong>de</strong> rester dans \,Jn p<strong>et</strong>it<br />
village <strong>de</strong>s Pyrénées. ,<br />
Thatcher to Testify<br />
In Iraqi Sales Probe i<br />
By Richard Stevenson<br />
New York Times Service<br />
-LONDON- With the inquiry'<br />
iitto Britain's sales,of anns-making<br />
e?iuipment to Iraq shifting its sights<br />
t9;high-ranking government ministers,<br />
former Prime, Minister Margar<strong>et</strong><br />
Thatcher will f/lee public questpning<br />
Wednesday for the first<br />
ttpe about her role in the matter,<br />
officials said Monday. '<br />
Lady Thatcher, who hea<strong>de</strong>d the<br />
gg.vernment until November 1990,<br />
nearly four months after Presi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
S~ddam Hussein's forces inva<strong>de</strong>d<br />
~iiwait, will be asked wh<strong>et</strong>her she<br />
.riiisled Parliament in 1989 by stat-<br />
'in,g that there had been no change<br />
~,the government's stated policy<br />
'l1arring the export to Iraq of tech-,<br />
n'ölogy that could be used in weapons<br />
production, officials involved<br />
in the inquiry said.<br />
, The former prime minister is to:<br />
testify to the quasi-judicial inquiry),<br />
INTERN:ATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 7; 1993<br />
which is hea<strong>de</strong>d by Lord' Justicë:<br />
Scott, a High Court judge. Lord<br />
'Justice Scott, who was appointed,<br />
Jast year by Prime Minister John<br />
~ajor, is to issue a public report<br />
next spring, but has no power to<br />
'rV)ke or recommend criminal<br />
charges. None of the testimony to<br />
ht~inquiry can bé used in any criminal<br />
case.<br />
'<br />
? Mr. Major, who served in a numb«r<br />
of positions in the Thatcher<br />
gbvernment, is scheduled to appear'<br />
before the inquiry next month and<br />
to face questions about what he'<br />
'knew of the exports of machine,<br />
t601s and other high-tech equipment<br />
to Iraq. Several other senior,<br />
,ministers, including the <strong>de</strong>fense<br />
s&r<strong>et</strong>ary, Malcolm Rifkind, and<br />
,ttie chanéellor of the Exchequer,<br />
I(enn<strong>et</strong>h Clarke, also will appear.<br />
The story that has unfol<strong>de</strong>d so<br />
far in seven months.oi püblïc hèâririgs<br />
is one featuring both the dramil<br />
of spycraft and the banality of<br />
bUreaucratic feuds and bungling.<br />
~At its heart was a tug-of-war<br />
within the British government durir.tgthe<br />
mid-198OS over how far to<br />
g9 in allowing sales of sophisticated<br />
machinery and other equipment<br />
by British companies, eager to do<br />
business with, Iraq. '<br />
Much of the questioning has cen- '<br />
tlèred on a <strong>de</strong>cision ma<strong>de</strong> by govemment<br />
ministers in 1988 to interpr<strong>et</strong><br />
more loosely the gui<strong>de</strong>lines'<br />
that had been adopted in 1985 barring<br />
the sale to Iraq of any equipnient<br />
that might have military pur-<br />
,ppses. Following the change, which<br />
apparently came in the wake of the '<br />
q;ase-fire in the war, b<strong>et</strong>ween Iraq<br />
aÎld Iran, government ministers approved<br />
a nuIDber of sales to Iraq,<br />
idcluding the export of machine ,<br />
tools that British intelligence had<br />
ronclu<strong>de</strong>d niight be used to make<br />
attiIlery sh,ells. . '<br />
, But according to testimony from<br />
a number of witnesses, there was<br />
often little coordination among<br />
various arms of the government on<br />
the issue. The officials responsible<br />
for applying the government's policy<br />
to day-to-day.<strong>de</strong>cisiori~making<br />
often were distracted or only dimly<br />
aware of repeated warnings by intelligence<br />
agencies of the possible<br />
military uses of the technology being<br />
sold to Baghdad.<br />
Throughout the inquiry, British,<br />
tra<strong>de</strong> officials have testified that<br />
they were primarily concerned<br />
about not causing British industry<br />
to miss out on opportunities to sell.<br />
Anthony Steadman, a former<br />
chief of the Department of Tra<strong>de</strong><br />
and Industry's export-licensing<br />
unit, told the Scott inquiry last<br />
week that he had ignored or failed<br />
to read intelligence rep,arts and bypassed<br />
normal procedures in approving<br />
machine-tool exports to<br />
Iraq in 1989.<br />
"Things would just g<strong>et</strong> scanned<br />
when perhaps more attention<br />
should have been paid to them,"<br />
Mr. Steadman testified.<br />
Mr. Steadman's boss, Eric Beston,<br />
the head of the Department of<br />
Tra<strong>de</strong> and Industry's export control<br />
branch from 1985 to 1990, testified<br />
last month that he was often<br />
more concerned with the export of<br />
antiques and "other large expensive<br />
things owned by richand powerful<br />
people" than with teChnology.<br />
46
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />
7 DECEMBRE 1993 I @ HEURES I<br />
Berne serre la vis au PKK mais ne l'interdit pas<br />
Contrairement à l'Allemagne <strong>et</strong> à la France, la Suisse ne condamne pas les activistes kur<strong>de</strong>s à la clan<strong>de</strong>stinité.<br />
En guerre ouverte contre le Gouvernement<br />
turc, le Parti <strong>de</strong>s<br />
travailleurs kur<strong>de</strong>s (PKK) donne<br />
fort à faire aux polices européennes.<br />
On ne compte pluS les attentats <strong>et</strong><br />
les règlements <strong>de</strong> compte qui lui<br />
sont imputés d'un bout à l'autre du<br />
continent Au point que l'Allemagne<br />
a décidé, il Ya dix jours, d'interdire<br />
ce mouvement La France a suivi<br />
peu après. La Suisse, elle, a dêcidé<br />
<strong>de</strong> ne pas imiter ses grands voisins.<br />
«L'interdiction du PK[{ serait une<br />
mesure contre-productive», a déclaré<br />
bier Arnold Koller. Le Conseil<br />
fédéral a en revanche décidé <strong>de</strong> renforcer<br />
les mesures <strong>de</strong> surveillance<br />
policière.<br />
Dans son rapport sur l'extrémisme<br />
du 16 mars 1992,le Conseil fédéral<br />
ne mâchait déjà pas ses mots à l'encontre<br />
du PKK. qu'il décrit comme<br />
un Parti communiste d'inspiration<br />
stalinienne aœusé <strong>de</strong> soutirer <strong>de</strong>s<br />
fonds à <strong>de</strong>s Turcs vivant en Suisse.<br />
«Une bonne douzaine d'assassinats<br />
commis dans toute l'Europe est imputée<br />
au PKK.»,relevait-il. «On soupçonne<br />
également le PKK.<strong>de</strong> soutenir<br />
<strong>de</strong>puis la Suisse sa lutte armée en<br />
Turquie.»<br />
Le 24 juin <strong>de</strong>rnier, les militants<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s m<strong>et</strong>taient le feu aux poudres<br />
en organisant <strong>de</strong> violentes manifestations<br />
dans une douzaine <strong>de</strong> villes<br />
européennes, dont Berne <strong>et</strong> Zurich.<br />
Résultat: un manifestant kur<strong>de</strong> tué<br />
par les services <strong>de</strong> sécurité <strong>de</strong> l'ambassa<strong>de</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong> Turquie à Berne. Le 19<br />
aoiit, la Suisse étaii à nouveau impliquée<br />
$ns le conflit kurdo-turc<br />
suite à l'enlèvement par leS rebelles<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux touristes suisses, re-<br />
~és un mois pluS tard. Début novembre<br />
enfin, la Suisse était touchée<br />
par une vague d'attentats<br />
contre <strong>de</strong>s intérêts turcs.<br />
Comme la Belgique<br />
<strong>et</strong> la HoIlari<strong>de</strong><br />
Jusqu'ici, le Conseil fédéral<br />
s'était borné à interdire le port<br />
d'armes aux ressortissants turcs.<br />
L'interdiction du PKK par l'Allemagne<br />
<strong>et</strong> la France l'a contraint<br />
à réévaluer sa position. Arnold<br />
Koller a cependant constaté,<br />
dans le cadre <strong>de</strong> la Conférence<br />
<strong>de</strong>s ministres européens <strong>de</strong> la<br />
Justice <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur qui s'est<br />
tenue la semaine passée à<br />
Bruxelles, que ses collègues<br />
étaient loin d'avoir une position<br />
unanime. C'est pourquoi, à l'instar<br />
<strong>de</strong> la Belgique <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la Hollan<strong>de</strong>,<br />
la Suisse. a renoncé à une<br />
mesure d'interdiction qui, d'une<br />
part, ne correspond pas à sa tradition<br />
<strong>et</strong>, d'autre part, ne ferait<br />
que rendre la surveillance plus<br />
difficile en renvoyant le PKK à<br />
la clan<strong>de</strong>stinité.<br />
Le Conseil fédéral estime cependant<br />
que les activités du PKK<br />
<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> ses satellites constituent un<br />
authentique danger pour la sécurité<br />
intérieure <strong>de</strong> la Suisse. Malgré<br />
toute la compréhension que<br />
i'on peut avoir pour les revendications<br />
du peuple kur<strong>de</strong>, affmn<strong>et</strong>oil,<br />
il n'est pas admissible que le<br />
conflit kurdo-turc soit exporté en<br />
Suisse.<br />
Conséquence: la Suisse interdira<br />
leur entrée aux cadres i<strong>de</strong>ntifiés<br />
du PKK, confisquera le matériel<br />
<strong>de</strong> propagan<strong>de</strong> incitant à la<br />
l/Ïolence <strong>et</strong> appliquera fermement<br />
la mesure d'interdiction du<br />
port d'armes. Par ailleurs, les<br />
cantons <strong>de</strong>vront intensifier la recherche<br />
<strong>d'information</strong>s sur les organisations<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s prêtes à re-<br />
.courir à la violence. Quant à la<br />
police fédérale, elle va intensifier<br />
la coopération avec les services<br />
<strong>de</strong> la Confédération, <strong>de</strong>s cantons<br />
<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> l'étranger <strong>et</strong> en coordonner<br />
les opérations dans l'ensemble<br />
du pays. Si ces mesures ne suffisent<br />
pas à calmer le jeu, l'étape<br />
suivante sera l'interdiction du<br />
PKK, avertit Arnold Koller.<br />
Berne / Christiane Imsand 0<br />
AJ.P. - AJ.P. - AJ.P. - AJ.P. - AJ.P. - AJ.P. - AJ.P. - AJ.P. - AJ.P. - AJ.P. - AJ.P. - AJ.P. -AJ.P. - AJ.P. -<br />
FRA0503 4 I 0164 TUR IAFP-Q018<br />
TUl'~qIJ ie-Kut'<strong>de</strong>s<br />
Mise en liberté du prési<strong>de</strong>nt du Parti pro-kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> la démocratie<br />
ANKARA, 7 déc (AFP) - Le prési<strong>de</strong>nt du Parti <strong>de</strong> la démocratie (DEP,<br />
pro-kur<strong>de</strong>), M. Yasar Kaya, a été mis en liberté mardi par la Cour <strong>de</strong> sGr<strong>et</strong>e <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Etat d'Ankara après une pério<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> trois mois <strong>de</strong> détentio~ pour<br />
"sépat~atisme" <strong>et</strong> quatt~e jolJt~savant le congt~ès génét~al du pat~ti dimanche à<br />
Ankara, a-t-on appris <strong>de</strong> sources judiciaires.<br />
M. Kaya avait été arrêté le 16 septembre à Ankara, inculpé pour <strong>de</strong>s propos<br />
jugés "sépat~atistes" <strong>et</strong> susceptibles <strong>de</strong> "n'Jit~eà l' intégt~ité <strong>de</strong> l'Etat tf.wc",<br />
lors du congrès du Parti démocratique du Kurdistan (PDK) <strong>de</strong> Massoud Barzani,<br />
en aoGt en Irak du nord.<br />
Lors <strong>de</strong> l'audience <strong>de</strong> mardi, le prési<strong>de</strong>nt du DEP a rej<strong>et</strong>é les propos qui<br />
lui ont été attribués dans une allocution prononcée lors du congrès <strong>de</strong> PDK à<br />
Et~bil. Il a affit~mé que le texte <strong>de</strong> son allocution "n'avait t~ien à voit~ avec<br />
l'intégt'ité indivisible" <strong>de</strong> l'Etat tUt~C, selon les mêmes sout~ces.<br />
CE/mft~/ft<br />
AFP 071837 DEC 93<br />
47
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RlVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
A.E P - AgenceFrance Presse-A.F P. - \gence France Presse-A.FP - \gence France Presse-A. F P - \gence France Presse -A.EP.<br />
FRA0505 4 GI 0108 FRA IAFP-Q043<br />
Ku~~<strong>de</strong>s-gt~ève<br />
Grève <strong>de</strong> la faim d'une cinquantaine <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s à Marseille<br />
MARSEILLE, 7 déc (AFP) - Une cinquantaine <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s obs<strong>et</strong>~vent <strong>de</strong>puis<br />
~uarante-huit heures à Marseille une grève <strong>de</strong> la faim pour dénoncer "le<br />
mass~~re quotidien <strong>de</strong> populations civiles au Kurdistan", aussi bien en Turquie<br />
qu'en Irak, a-t-on constaté mardi sur place.<br />
Les grévistes <strong>de</strong> la faim, rassemblés dans le' local <strong>de</strong> l'Association<br />
culturelle kur<strong>de</strong>, dans le ~entre-ville, protestent également contre la<br />
dissolution, le 30 novembt~e, <strong>de</strong> l'association IYekkom-KI..lt~distan"à laquelle<br />
ils étaient affiliés.<br />
Ils ont reçu le soutien <strong>de</strong> la CFDT, la CIMADE <strong>et</strong> le MRAP.<br />
CR/gbo/bmk<br />
AFP 071839 DEC 93<br />
~--------------------..,I<br />
Options au Cœur du Social- 6 décembre 1993<br />
KURDES<br />
Les nouveaux boucs émissaires<br />
A la <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Charles Pasqua,<br />
le gouvernement a décidé, le 30 octobre,<br />
<strong>de</strong> dissoudre <strong>de</strong>ux associations<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s, le Comité du<br />
Kurdistan <strong>et</strong> la Fédération <strong>de</strong>s asso-<br />
Ciations culturelles <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs .<br />
patriotes du Kurdistan. Selon les<br />
avocats <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s arrêtés, les dos- .<br />
siers sont entièrement vi<strong>de</strong>s. Deux<br />
pourtant font l'obj<strong>et</strong> d'un arrêté<br />
~d'expulsion. En d'autres termes,<br />
renvoyés à une répression certaine<br />
dOJ.ltle gouvernement français<br />
prend la responsabilité. Exhibés<br />
dans les camps <strong>de</strong> réfugiés d'Irak à<br />
l'issue <strong>de</strong> la guerre du Golfe, les<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s, lorsqu'ils fuient la répression<br />
turque, n'ont plus les faveurs<br />
du gouvernement français visiblement<br />
soucieux d'entr<strong>et</strong>enir <strong>de</strong>.<br />
bonnes relations avec Ankara. TIest<br />
vrai que, à défaut du. marché d'armement<br />
perdù en 1991 à Bagdad,<br />
celui d'Ankara est en bonne santé.<br />
La Cgt a condamné ces mesures <strong>et</strong><br />
s'est jointe, à l'appel <strong>de</strong> nombreuses<br />
associations, à une manifestation le<br />
2 décembre à <strong>Paris</strong>. I. A.<br />
Dernières Nouvelles d'Alsace - 7 décembre 1993<br />
Strasbourg<br />
Onze Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
en grève <strong>de</strong> la faim<br />
Onze membres <strong>de</strong> l'Association<br />
<strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du<br />
Ktirdistan à Strasbourg ont<br />
entamé <strong>de</strong>puis samedi une<br />
grève <strong>de</strong> la faim afin <strong>de</strong> dénoncer<br />
la dissolution d'associations<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s en France,<br />
dont la leur. Celle-ci est intervenue<br />
par décr<strong>et</strong> du 2 décembre<br />
<strong>et</strong> publié le len<strong>de</strong>main au<br />
journal officiel.<br />
Le texte leur reproche notamment<br />
<strong>de</strong> se livrer «à une<br />
propagan<strong>de</strong> active pour le<br />
Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du Kurdistan...<br />
(<strong>et</strong>) à <strong>de</strong>s. agissements<br />
en vue <strong>de</strong> provoquer<br />
<strong>de</strong>s actes <strong>de</strong> terrorisme en<br />
..France qu. à rétranger. ~<br />
«Nos activités sont claires<br />
<strong>et</strong> légales ". assure Huseyin<br />
Elmali, représentant <strong>de</strong> l'association<br />
dissoute <strong>et</strong> membre<br />
<strong>de</strong> la Commission consultative<br />
<strong>de</strong>s étrangers <strong>de</strong> la ville <strong>de</strong>.<br />
Strasbourg, qui dénonce « la<br />
politique générale qui est mené<br />
<strong>de</strong>rrière tout cela par la<br />
France." Et notamment les<br />
ventes d'armes <strong>de</strong> la France à<br />
la Turquie.<br />
A travers ce mouvement, le<br />
groupe espère également obtenir<br />
la libération <strong>de</strong>s 20 Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
encore emprisonnés en<br />
France suite aux interpellations<br />
du t 8 novembre sur<br />
l'ensemble du territoire .<br />
A. E P - .\gence France Presse-A. F P. - \gence France Presse-I\. F P - .\gence FrancePresse-A. E P - ,\gence France Presse -A. E P<br />
'FR'A06734 N 010'6 FRA IAFP-RW'16<br />
Ft~ance-Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
Note aux t~éda.i:t ions<br />
Conférence <strong>de</strong> presse <strong>de</strong> neuf associations<br />
PARIS, 7 déc (AFP) - Neuf associations dont la Fédération internationale<br />
<strong>de</strong>s qt~oits~<strong>de</strong> l'homme (FIDH), la ~.IMADE (comité oec'..lméniqued'entt~ai<strong>de</strong>), la<br />
Fondation France-Libertés tiendront une conférence <strong>de</strong> presse, jeudi 9<br />
décembre, à l'occasion "du lancement d'une campagne <strong>de</strong> soutien aux droits du<br />
peuple kUt~<strong>de</strong>".<br />
C<strong>et</strong>te confét~ence <strong>de</strong> presse se tiendra dans les locaux <strong>de</strong> la CIMADE à llh,<br />
176, rue <strong>de</strong> Grenelle, 75007 <strong>Paris</strong>, en présence <strong>de</strong> la secrétaire générale <strong>de</strong> la<br />
CIMADE, Geneviève Jacques, <strong>et</strong> du 'prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong> la FIDH, Daniel Kacoby.<br />
SZB/mst<br />
AFP 072245 DEC 93<br />
48
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />
KURDES<br />
..<br />
L<strong>et</strong>tre a mon<br />
~ A<br />
eveque<br />
« Je reviens du ministère <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur<br />
où je suis allé plai<strong>de</strong>r la<br />
cause d'un jeune résistant Kur<strong>de</strong><br />
que j'ai connu à la prison <strong>et</strong> qui va<br />
être livré par la France aux Turcs.<br />
J'ai dit ma honte aujourd'hui d'être<br />
français.<br />
J'apprends ce soir (20 nov.) que<br />
la police a chassé les Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong><br />
Notre-Dame ... Si cela n'en est pas<br />
une, dites-moi, Père, ce qu'est une<br />
profanation ?<br />
Ce soir, j'ai honte... mais j'ai<br />
beaucoup plus honte que ce matin<br />
à cause <strong>de</strong> l'Evangile que l'on va<br />
lire dimanche dans le même lieu.<br />
Que penser ? Que croire <strong>de</strong> tous<br />
ces beaux textes ? J'ai honte <strong>et</strong> j'ai<br />
mal. Très mal. TIfallait que je vous<br />
le. dise pour essayer <strong>de</strong> mieux dorrrur.<br />
»<br />
Dominique Frigaux<br />
Aumônier <strong>de</strong> Prison (Val d'Oise)<br />
Libération - 7 décemhre 1993<br />
Expulsés<br />
<strong>de</strong> Notre-Dame<br />
« Le dimanche 21 novembre ce<br />
passage <strong>de</strong> l'Evangile selon St Matthieu<br />
a été lu « J'étais étranger <strong>et</strong><br />
VOlL\' m'avez accueilli ».<br />
Le vendredi 19 <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s réfugiés<br />
dans la cathédrale <strong>de</strong> <strong>Paris</strong> ont<br />
été expulsés par <strong>de</strong>s CRS à la <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong><br />
du clergé <strong>de</strong> Notre-Dame.<br />
Qu'en pensez-vous Monseigneur<br />
Lustiger ?<br />
En ce qui nous concerne nous<br />
sommes profondément troublés. »<br />
Gabrielle <strong>et</strong> René Logeay<br />
(Membres ile l'aumônerie <strong>de</strong><br />
l'hôpital <strong>de</strong> Pontoise <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la<br />
Maison d'arrêt du Val d'Oise)<br />
Et. les Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
d'Irak ?<br />
« Suite au dossier très intéressant<br />
sur les Kur<strong>de</strong>s dans « TC » du 13<br />
TÔlloigllage Chrétien - 4 décembre 1993<br />
novembre, je souhaite apporter<br />
quelques' précisions en tant que prési<strong>de</strong>nte<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'Association « Les<br />
Amis du Peuple Kur<strong>de</strong> » <strong>et</strong> auteur<br />
<strong>de</strong> « Questions sur le Moyen-<br />
Orient, le Kurdistan » 1992, édition<br />
Prospective 21.<br />
En France, l'arrestation massive<br />
<strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> Turquie braque les<br />
projecteurs sur une communauté<br />
déjà fortement éprouvée par la<br />
guerre civile qui règne dans la partie<br />
kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Turquie où un peuple<br />
<strong>de</strong> 15 à 20 millions d'individus (<strong>et</strong><br />
non 7 millions) endure les pires sévices<br />
<strong>de</strong> la part <strong>de</strong> l'armée turque<br />
qui incendie, bombar<strong>de</strong> <strong>et</strong> déporte<br />
les populations <strong>de</strong> villages <strong>et</strong> villes,<br />
la <strong>de</strong>rnière en date étant Lice dans<br />
la province <strong>de</strong> Diyarbakir.<br />
Quant aux Kur<strong>de</strong>s d'Irak, ils<br />
souffrent d'un double embargo, celui<br />
<strong>de</strong>s alliés dans la guerre du Golfe<br />
<strong>de</strong> 1991 contre l'Irak <strong>et</strong> celui du<br />
gouvernement irakien contre la partie<br />
kur<strong>de</strong> qui, suite à <strong>de</strong>s élections,<br />
s'est dotée d'un gouvernement<br />
d'Union nationale au priiltemps<br />
1992. Tout se passe comme si ce<br />
gouvernement, au regard <strong>de</strong>s alliés,<br />
n'existait pas. La situation <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s d'Irak est donc liée à la<br />
protection <strong>de</strong>s alliés tant que celleci<br />
s'exercera <strong>et</strong>, en ce cas, le terme<br />
« d'autonomie » est lui-même sans<br />
fon<strong>de</strong>ment réel.<br />
Pour ce qui est <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s iraniens<br />
(les plus nombreux après<br />
ceux <strong>de</strong> Turquie), après les élections<br />
dans le Kurdistan d'Irak, un<br />
camp <strong>de</strong> peshmergas iraniens r<strong>et</strong>ranché<br />
en zone libre kur<strong>de</strong> irakienne<br />
a été bombardé par l'Iran sans<br />
protestations <strong>de</strong> la part <strong>de</strong>s gran<strong>de</strong>s<br />
puissances. Des attentats commis<br />
par les services secr<strong>et</strong>s iraniens sont<br />
perpétrés en Europe, ainsi les assassinats<br />
à Berlin <strong>de</strong> trois .lea<strong>de</strong>rs du<br />
PDKl (Parti démocratique kur<strong>de</strong><br />
d'Iran) dont le secrétaire général <strong>de</strong><br />
ce parti, M. Sharafkandi. »<br />
Michelle Meyer<br />
Strasbourg (Bas-Rhin)<br />
Lice, ville kur<strong>de</strong> interdite<br />
Ismail Besikci, emprisonné dans la p<strong>et</strong>ite ville d'Iskilip<br />
<strong>de</strong>puis le 13 novembre, risque 115 années <strong>de</strong> prison pour<br />
une quarantaine <strong>de</strong> délits d'opinion. II a déjà passé plus <strong>de</strong><br />
doule ans dans les prisons turques sous les régimes<br />
militaires pour «atteinte à l'unité nationale» <strong>et</strong> «insulte à<br />
la mémoire <strong>de</strong> Mustafa Kemal".<br />
Les opérations lancées le 22 octobre à Lice (ville kur<strong>de</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong> Turquie) par l'Etat turc ont le mérite <strong>de</strong> mieux faire<br />
comprendre le système <strong>de</strong> souverain<strong>et</strong>é turc. Ces opératio~s<br />
~nitiées au pré!ex.te q~e ~le.sterroristes 01l~tué<br />
WI Kelleral» ont dure cmq a SIX JOurs. Dès le <strong>de</strong>but<br />
<strong>de</strong> ces opérations, l'accès à Lice a été interdit, toutes<br />
les lignes téléphoniques coupées, la ville a été complètement<br />
isolée <strong>de</strong>s bourga<strong>de</strong>s <strong>et</strong> villages <strong>de</strong>s alentours.<br />
La métho<strong>de</strong> avait déjà été utilisée à Simak, Çukurca, Varto,<br />
Kulp, Yüksekova, Dogubeyazit, <strong>et</strong>c. (villes kur<strong>de</strong>s total~ment<br />
ou partiellement détruites par l'arnlée turque <strong>de</strong>pUIS<br />
1992). Les forces étatiques interdisent l'accès à ces agglomérations,<br />
<strong>et</strong> en <strong>de</strong>ux ou trois jours d'opérations les incendient<br />
<strong>et</strong> les détruisent. Des annes <strong>de</strong> guerre comme <strong>de</strong>s<br />
chars, <strong>de</strong>s canons, <strong>de</strong>s obus, <strong>de</strong>s hélicoptères sont utilisées<br />
avec une gran<strong>de</strong> efficacité: Les forces <strong>de</strong> sécurité présentent<br />
toujours ce genre d'opérations comme «<strong>de</strong>s affrontements<br />
avec le PKK ». (...)<br />
Dans la mort du général Bahtiyar Aydin, <strong>de</strong>ux points méritent<br />
réflexion <strong>et</strong> analyse. Le premier est que dès l'annonce<br />
PAR ISMAIL BESIKCI *<br />
<strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te mort, le PKK a publié un communiqué affinnant:<br />
«Nous n'avollS pas tué le général <strong>et</strong> aucune un;té <strong>de</strong> guérilla<br />
n'est re/ltrée à Lice le 22 octobre selon Cem;1 Bayik,<br />
/' UII <strong>de</strong>s commandants <strong>de</strong> /'ARG K (Année <strong>de</strong> libération nationale<br />
du Kurdistan, branche militaire du PKK). c'est<br />
/' Etat qui a tué le gélléral. Le <strong>de</strong>uxième point est la déclaration<br />
faite par le prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong> la République, Suleyman Demirel,<br />
le 22 octobre à la télévision nationale. Demirel affinne<br />
que le général Bahtiyar Aydin a été tué par une balle<br />
acci<strong>de</strong>ntelle. La presse turque n'a fait aucune investigation<br />
sur ces déclarations; elle les a même soigneusement écartées,<br />
ignorées. Même le prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong> la République, qui apporte<br />
pourtant un soutien fenne à la terreur <strong>de</strong> l'Etat, a par<br />
sa déclaration pris le soin <strong>de</strong> ne pas établir <strong>de</strong> lien entre les<br />
opérations <strong>de</strong> Lice <strong>et</strong> la mort du général.<br />
En analysant l'escala<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> la terreur d'Etat à Lice, il faudrait<br />
aussi r<strong>et</strong>enir le fait qu'au cours <strong>de</strong> ces jours les parlementaires<br />
n'ont pas été autorisés à entrer dans Lice. Pendant<br />
les opérations, le prési<strong>de</strong>nt général du Parti républicain<br />
du peuple (CHP, opposition du centre-gauéhe), Deniz BaykaI<br />
se trouvait à Diyarbakir (capitale kur<strong>de</strong> située à environ<br />
70 km <strong>de</strong> la ville <strong>de</strong> Lice). Le 23 octobre, la délégation du<br />
CHP se m<strong>et</strong> en route pour Lice. Elle veut mener sa propre<br />
enquête sur ce qui s'est passé. Elle est accompagnée <strong>de</strong><br />
journalistes. A 25 km <strong>de</strong> Lice, la délégation est arrêtée par<br />
les forces <strong>de</strong> sécurité qui lui indiquent que l'accès à la ville<br />
49
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
est interdit. Une discussion s'engage alors entre la délégation<br />
<strong>et</strong> les responsables militaires. Ces <strong>de</strong>rniers finissent par<br />
consentir à laisser passer Deniz Baykal <strong>et</strong> les parlementaires<br />
<strong>de</strong> son parti, à condition que les journalistes ne les accompagnent<br />
pas. (...) Mais à 7 ou 8 km <strong>de</strong> Lice, l'autobus<br />
<strong>de</strong> la délégation est à nouveau arrêté ..Les militaires refu~ent<br />
à la délégation du CHP l'autorisation d'entrer à Lice. Le<br />
prési<strong>de</strong>nt général du CHP, Deniz Baykal, déClare à ce suj<strong>et</strong>:<br />
« Le ministre a donné <strong>de</strong>s ordres, mais les sous-officiers <strong>et</strong><br />
les gendarmes nous Olll dit qu'ils Ile nous laisseraient pas y<br />
aller. Malheureusement, la parole du goul'ernementn' a pas<br />
cours là-bas ... il a dû se passer <strong>de</strong>s choses qu'ils ne souhaitaient<br />
pas que /' on voie ... » (Salah, 24 octobre 1993).<br />
Une semaine après l'escala<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> la terreur à Lice, le Premier<br />
ministre Tansu Çiller a voulu se rendre sur place pour<br />
voir elle-même ce qui s'y est passé. Les milieux influents<br />
n'ont pas autorisé le Premier ministre à se rendre à Lice<br />
pour s'infof!11er directement sur les événements. « Le prési-<br />
.<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong> la République rend visite à Kars (NOT, ville kur<strong>de</strong><br />
située à environ 400 km au nord <strong>de</strong> Lice), si vous voulez.<br />
vous pouvez /')' accompagner», lui a-t-on dit. On a indiqué<br />
au Premier ministre qu'elle pourrait se rendre à Lice dans<br />
15 à 20 jours (Hümy<strong>et</strong>30 octobre 1993).<br />
Le fait que le Premier ministre n'ait pas été autorisée à se<br />
rendre à Lice apparaît comme un troisième élément important<br />
dans l'analyse <strong>de</strong>s événements <strong>de</strong> Lice <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la terreur<br />
d'Etal. Si une délégation du CHP incluant <strong>de</strong>s parlcmcntaires<br />
n'a pas été autorisée à aller à Lice, si le Prcmier mi- .<br />
nistre est empêchée <strong>de</strong> s'y rendre, il est évi<strong>de</strong>nt que <strong>de</strong>s<br />
choses effroyables, dont on ne veut pas à qu'elles soient<br />
vues, s'y sont produites. Les forces <strong>de</strong> l'Etat ont utilisé <strong>de</strong>s<br />
arnles lour<strong>de</strong>s comme <strong>de</strong>s chars <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s canons, <strong>de</strong>s bombardiers,<br />
<strong>de</strong>s hélicoptères, <strong>de</strong>s blindés, <strong>de</strong>s panzers pour<br />
détruire <strong>et</strong> brûler Lice. Les commerces ont été pillés, les<br />
biens, l'argent <strong>et</strong> les bijoux <strong>de</strong>s habitants confisqu~s. Les<br />
maisons ont été incendiées, les provisions alimentaires détruites.<br />
Le nombre <strong>de</strong> morts dépasse très largement les<br />
chiffres officiels. En interdisant l'accès à Lice, en coupant<br />
les communications téléphoniques, en empêchant les journalistes<br />
<strong>et</strong> les parlementaires <strong>de</strong> s'y rendre, on a voulu tenir<br />
l'opiniol1 publique dans l'ignorance <strong>de</strong> ce qui s'cst<br />
passé. S'il s'était agi c\'une attaque du PKK contre <strong>de</strong>s familles<br />
<strong>de</strong>s protecteurs <strong>de</strong> vilIage (la milice pro-gouvernementale),<br />
au lieu d'interdire l'accès, on aurait spécialement<br />
convoqué les journalistes, on les aurait conduits chez<br />
.Ies victimes pour qu'ils les photographient, recueillent leur<br />
témoignage. .<br />
Tout cela a un rapport étroit avec le système <strong>de</strong> souverain<strong>et</strong>é<br />
turc. Dans la politique turque, les partis po]itiques, le<br />
gouvernement, l' Asseniblée nationale ne pèsent d'aucun<br />
poids. Cela est tout à fait clair sur la question du Kurdistan.<br />
Dans l'appréhension <strong>de</strong> la question kur<strong>de</strong>, dans' la définition<br />
<strong>de</strong>s politiques visant à trouver <strong>de</strong>s solutions à c<strong>et</strong>te<br />
question, la plus importante force est le Conseil national <strong>de</strong><br />
sécurité (qui réunit autour du prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong> la République, le<br />
Premier ministre, les ministres <strong>de</strong> la Défense <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s Affaires<br />
On a voulu tenir<br />
l'opinion publique<br />
. dans l'ignorance<br />
<strong>de</strong> ce qui s'est<br />
passé dans la ville<br />
kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Lice. Ce<br />
point <strong>de</strong> vue sur<br />
l'attitu<strong>de</strong> du<br />
pouvoir turc face à<br />
la <strong>de</strong>struction par<br />
l'armée <strong>de</strong> la ville<br />
est paru dans le<br />
quotidien ccOzgür<br />
Gün<strong>de</strong>m" du 19<br />
novembre. Le<br />
len<strong>de</strong>main le<br />
journal était<br />
suspendu pour une<br />
pério<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> quinze<br />
jours.<br />
étrangères <strong>et</strong> les principaux<br />
chefs <strong>de</strong> l'année). Face au<br />
poids détenninant du Conseil<br />
national <strong>de</strong> sécurité, les partis<br />
politiques,. le gouvernement,<br />
l'Assemblée nationale n'ont<br />
aucun poids réel. Cela signifie<br />
que les institutions issues<br />
du suffrage populaire ne pèsent<br />
guère face aux organismes<br />
nommés. (...)<br />
Lorsque le Premier ministre<br />
Tansu Çiller évoque]a télévision<br />
en kur<strong>de</strong> ou les cours<br />
<strong>de</strong> kur<strong>de</strong> optionnels, le lea~<br />
<strong>de</strong>r <strong>de</strong> l' Anap (NOT, Parti<br />
<strong>de</strong> la mère patrie, principale<br />
formation <strong>de</strong> l'opposition),<br />
Mesut Yilmaz, dans sa<br />
réaction à ces pr9positions,<br />
montre d'une façon claire<br />
quel est le centre qui détermine<br />
<strong>et</strong> oriente la politique<br />
turque. Mesut Yilmaz <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong><br />
au Premier ministre:<br />
«Avez-vous discuté <strong>de</strong> celle<br />
opinion, <strong>de</strong> celle proposition<br />
au ConseilnalÎonal <strong>de</strong> sécurité?<br />
))<br />
Les propositions du Premier ministre sur «la télévision<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>» <strong>et</strong> (-. !hec~n~ervatlve Tru~ Path Party (DYP) of ture statements on the Issue.<br />
~ Pnme Mlms~er Tansu Çlller amen<strong>de</strong>~ .t~ final Karayalçm had said on Saturday that a recent<br />
~ draft, droppmg. all refere~ce to~ctJvl~les and memonmdum prepared and signed by 80 DYP<br />
""0 propag~nda agamst se~ulan~m. Th!S ~ctlon lead <strong>de</strong>puties clearly illustrated their views. "There is<br />
~ to a. senous confrontal1?n with the Jumor partner very little time ahead of us," he said, "if nothin~<br />
.H Soclal,Democrat People s Party (SH~). is done, we will have to go our separate ways. '<br />
~ Dunng the weekend, SH~ Ch~lrman ¥urat His reference was.to a l<strong>et</strong>ter issued by the conser-<br />
..a Karayalçm ma<strong>de</strong> a statement m whIch he saId the vative parliamentarians <strong>de</strong>manding for the draft<br />
50
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REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
According to regulations. Parliament budg<strong>et</strong>ary<br />
talks must be com~l<strong>et</strong>ed without any interruption.<br />
With the talks begmning this Wednesday, neither<br />
of the lea<strong>de</strong>rs are expected to make controversial<br />
statements on the draft until the talks are over, to<br />
avoid overshadowing the budg<strong>et</strong>ary <strong>de</strong>bate.<br />
The new anti-terror law proposes heavy fines<br />
and imprison!TIent for those propagati~g<br />
half of terronsts and support mg terronst<br />
on be-<br />
movements.<br />
The original text was amen<strong>de</strong>d several<br />
times before being passed by the Justice Commission<br />
but the most serious change was in the articles<br />
concerning anti-secularism. The Turkish<br />
Constitution rules that the country is a secular<br />
state -- a principle item which has for years been<br />
challenged by pro-Islamic activists and politicians.<br />
Observers say that if the <strong>de</strong>bate continues, the<br />
anti-terror bill, which is much in <strong>de</strong>mand by the<br />
country's security organizations, will be <strong>de</strong>layed<br />
further.<br />
70% wage increase for troops in Southeast<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- An increase of 70 percent has been ma<strong>de</strong> to the wages of military<br />
personnel <strong>de</strong>ployed in the emergency rule region and neighboring provinces.<br />
According to a draft bill approved by Parliament on December 2, as of De.<br />
c~mber. 15 reg~lar sergeants and corpor~ls. <strong>de</strong>ployed i.n the emergency rule regIOn<br />
will.receive TL 10.8 and 10.65 mllllon respectively, the Anatolia news<br />
agency saldo<br />
As for commando sergeants and corporals in special crack teams <strong>de</strong>ployed in<br />
the troubled southeastern and eastern pr,ovinces, they will receive, respectively,<br />
monthly wages ofTL 15.4 and 15.3 million.<br />
The Office of the Turkish Chief of Staff is continuing to recruit candidates for<br />
positions as non-commissioned officers, Anatolia ad<strong>de</strong>d.<br />
Police bust PKK in the cities of Ankara and Istanbul<br />
winter clothing for PKK rural militants. The supplies were hid<strong>de</strong>n<br />
33 suspects caught along with explosives<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- Police in the cities of Istanbul and Ankara have busted<br />
two n<strong>et</strong>works of the outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK),<br />
catching 33 suspects along with their explosives and uniforms, the<br />
Anatolia news agency reported Oh Monday. Anatolia said 28 people<br />
were caught in Istanbul while preparing for activities to mark the<br />
anniversary of the PKK and that a search conducted in safe houses<br />
had resulted in the seizure of nine grena<strong>de</strong>s, nine sticks of dynamite<br />
and 2.5 m<strong>et</strong>ers of time fuse. According to a statement issued by the<br />
Istanbul police directorate, the suspects were also in possession of<br />
in nine sacks and inclu<strong>de</strong>d false ID cards, backpacks and wireless<br />
equipment. The suspects were involved in various activities including<br />
tbe bombing of a bank and the killing of a PKK repentant, the<br />
statement said. In another <strong>de</strong>velopment. m<strong>et</strong>ropolitan police in Ankara<br />
announced they had caught five suspects who had arrived in<br />
the city to carry out a scries of allacks and to collect money for the<br />
organization.<br />
Police said the suspects had been followed for some time and had<br />
been caught in possession of two ¥uns, ammunition, organizational<br />
bills and some notes on the PKK s targ<strong>et</strong>s. The suspects provi<strong>de</strong>d<br />
infonnation on five un<strong>de</strong>rground <strong>de</strong>pots in the Diyarbakir province.<br />
All were <strong>de</strong>stroyed, the police said.<br />
No concr<strong>et</strong>e results in Turco-American talks<br />
Firm American stand on Iraqi- Turkish<br />
oil pipeline remains unchanged<br />
By Murat Y<strong>et</strong>kin<br />
Turkish Daily Ne ....s<br />
ANKARA- No concr<strong>et</strong>e agreement<br />
was reached in the official. high-level<br />
talks b<strong>et</strong>ween the United States and<br />
Turkey held in Washington last week,<br />
official sources said on Monday. Government<br />
sources, who asked not to be<br />
named, told TDN that in the three-day<br />
talks held b<strong>et</strong>ween Nov. 30 and Dec.<br />
2, the Turkish <strong>de</strong>legation failed to<br />
change the finn Amencan stand on the<br />
limited removal of economic sanctions<br />
on Iraq in or<strong>de</strong>r to compensate Turkish<br />
losses because of the Gulf War.<br />
The talks were a follow-up to the<br />
contacts ma<strong>de</strong> by Prime Minister Tansu<br />
Çiller during her visitto the Vnited<br />
States from Oct. 14-19, 1993.<br />
"But the Turkish-American dialo!!ue<br />
on that will continue," one source said.<br />
"Notto have anv concr<strong>et</strong>e success in<br />
the short run is' not discouragin!! for<br />
US,'I ~<br />
Ankara says it abi<strong>de</strong>s by the C.N.<br />
embar¥;) on Iraq, in which it played a<br />
key ro:e in 1990 by closing down the<br />
Iraqi-Turkish 'Jil pipeline followina<br />
Iraq's invasion of Kuwait. But Ankar~<br />
also says that a limited and controlled<br />
removal of the embargo will help Turkey<br />
to compensate its losses, which<br />
government<br />
$10 billion.<br />
ofticials put as more than<br />
Sources said that there were no concr<strong>et</strong>e<br />
achievements regarding Turkish<br />
<strong>de</strong>mands from the United States in the<br />
field of dl':fense as well.<br />
~" 1urki,h go' ernment had asked<br />
~hp Jmtr: _~.ital" tor fTl('~e <strong>de</strong>fensl'<br />
systems, inCluding early warning sys-<br />
.tems, flying tankërs, updated frigates,<br />
.antitank planes and assault helicopters<br />
during ÇIller's me<strong>et</strong>ing with LTS Presi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
Bill Clinton and other American<br />
officials. Sources said that American<br />
officials preferred the issues to be discussed<br />
at the High Level Defense<br />
Group (HLDG) talks which are expected<br />
to be held in Ankara in January<br />
199-l. The U.S. government had already<br />
promised 50 A-I 0 antitank war<br />
planes and 28 Cobra assault helicopters<br />
to Turkey un<strong>de</strong>r the southern flank<br />
amendment program of the North Atlantic<br />
Treaty Or~anization (NATO) at<br />
the end of the HLDG talks in October<br />
1992. The <strong>de</strong>livery of these items has<br />
not 'itafted y<strong>et</strong>.<br />
Turkish government sources un<strong>de</strong>rline<br />
thatthe only field of possible concr<strong>et</strong>e<br />
achievement in the short run in<br />
Turkish-U.S. relations is the sphere of<br />
economics and tra<strong>de</strong>.<br />
The first of the hi~h-Ievel Turkish-<br />
American Economic Commission<br />
talks will be held in Ankara on Dec. 8-<br />
9 (See story on page 2). Sources say<br />
that there is a chance for Ankara to<br />
generate some "fresh" money again in<br />
or<strong>de</strong>r to compensate some of its losses.<br />
from the Gulf War. But sources point<br />
to the Turkish government's attitu<strong>de</strong><br />
on intellectual property' rights, for<br />
which it has been un<strong>de</strong>r pressure both<br />
from the United States and from Europe<br />
for som<strong>et</strong>ime. The Uri<strong>de</strong>rsecr<strong>et</strong>ary<br />
for"Treasury and Foreign Tra<strong>de</strong><br />
Osman Unsal will co-chair the talks.<br />
Unsal was in the <strong>de</strong>legation.which<br />
held high-level talks with the U.S. administration<br />
last week in Washinaton<br />
tog<strong>et</strong>her with Çiller's chief adv~sor'<br />
Volkan Vural. '<br />
51
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RNISTA<br />
STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />
A. E I~ - Agence France Presse-A. E P. - Agence France Presse-A. E P - AgenceFrance Presse-A. E P - ,\gence France Presse -A. E I~<br />
FRA0451 4 l ;>:. :::L: :-"::~J1 /;-,::f .....-FV21<br />
Ft'ance -Ktlt'd e';;<br />
Campagne en France pour le respect <strong>de</strong>s droits du peuple kur<strong>de</strong><br />
PARIS, 9 déc (AFP) - Neuf associations françaises ont lancé jeudi à <strong>Paris</strong><br />
une campagne d'opinion pour le respect <strong>de</strong>s droits du peuple kur<strong>de</strong>, <strong>de</strong>mandant<br />
au gouvernement français <strong>de</strong> ne pas sacrifier le sort <strong>de</strong> ces populations<br />
disséminées à tt~av<strong>et</strong>'S l' It'ak, l' It~an, la SYt'ie <strong>et</strong> la Ttwquie "au nom<br />
d' i nt é t~êt s g é 0 - s tt, a t é g i que s " •<br />
Elles ont notamment t~éclamé l' intt~oduct ion d' '_me "clause <strong>de</strong> non<br />
I.ltilisation contt'e la populë.Üion civile" dans le contt'at signé en octobt'e<br />
<strong>de</strong>rnier pour la livraison à la Turquie <strong>de</strong> 20 hélicoptères français Super Puma<br />
à partir <strong>de</strong> 1995.<br />
"Si c<strong>et</strong>te clause est t~efusée pat' les autot'ités tut~ques, alcH's la Ft',J.nce<br />
d e vt'a its' i n t e t~dit' e <strong>de</strong>l i vt' e t' ces h é 1 i cop t è t' es" , 0 nt a f fit" ln é 1eut' S<br />
t'épt~esental1ts au COut'S d'une confét'ence <strong>de</strong> pt'esse pt'ésiclée pat' Geneviève<br />
Jacques, secrétaire-général <strong>de</strong> la CIMADE, <strong>et</strong> Me Daniel Jacoby, prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong> la<br />
Féd é t~a t ion i nt e t' na t ion ale d e 's 1i g J.!. e:: ;:}F!" (; ~"(j ~.t.;,; d c 1.' !-) Clmfi: C' < F l DH) ') .~.; CH.tl<br />
i ç~nant<br />
que les combats en TI_wquie ont fait plus <strong>de</strong> .iu. (.'(lU mü:'L:, c.,~:":; .j:::'('i!l::::',-;< Dlï::Ëi::';:;.<br />
mj/mc<br />
AFP 091823. DEC 93<br />
52<br />
L'ApPEL<br />
DE DETRESSE<br />
.DESKURDES<br />
DE MARSEILLE<br />
Une cinquantaine <strong>de</strong><br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s résidant <strong>et</strong> tra-<br />
'vaillant à Marseille <strong>et</strong><br />
sa région ont entamé'<br />
. une grève <strong>de</strong> la faim le<br />
5 décembre pour pro-'<br />
tester contre la décision<br />
du ,':ministère <strong>de</strong><br />
l'intérieur <strong>de</strong> dissoudre<br />
leur association.<br />
Mardi <strong>de</strong>rnier, trois<br />
officiers .<strong>de</strong> poliee sont<br />
venus feur signifier<br />
qu'un décr<strong>et</strong> gouvernemental<br />
:prononçait la<br />
; dissolution <strong>de</strong> leur associatio/'i:<br />
<strong>et</strong> qu'ils <strong>de</strong>-<br />
.vaient d,Qnc.fermer le<br />
'stège, ,1)emcii:Jdsnt ./e<br />
texte <strong>de</strong>: l'Arrêté, les<br />
membres' <strong>de</strong> l'association<br />
ont: été invités à<br />
s'adresser. au ministère<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'inté:'iêur.<br />
Ils sont 40 000 à<br />
avoir. trouvé refuge en<br />
Frpnce.'Ils ont fui le génoci<strong>de</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong> leur peuple<br />
organisé par l'Etat<br />
Turc. Un grand nombre<br />
d'entre eux ont obtenu<br />
le statut <strong>de</strong> réfugié politique.<br />
Les ressortissants<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s ont crée<br />
une vingtaine d'associations<br />
culturelles,<br />
sportives <strong>et</strong> sociales<br />
afin <strong>de</strong> préserver leur<br />
i<strong>de</strong>ntité tout en s'adaptant<br />
au mieux dans les<br />
structures <strong>de</strong> la vie en<br />
France.<br />
Or, 'le 18 novembre<br />
<strong>de</strong>rnier, la police a perquisitionné<strong>de</strong>s<br />
maisons<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s, '<strong>de</strong>s assdèia--<br />
tions, <strong>de</strong>s commerces<br />
sur ordre <strong>de</strong> Charles<br />
. Pasqua. 20 Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
étaient arrêtés. Le. 30<br />
novembre <strong>de</strong>rnièr, le<br />
ministre <strong>de</strong> l'intérieur<br />
annonçait qu'il allait<br />
supprimer l'association<br />
YEK-KOM Kurdistan<br />
(fédération <strong>de</strong>s travail~<br />
leurs du Kurdistan). '<br />
On ne "pejJt s'emp'ê~<br />
cher <strong>de</strong> rap'pro.:tier<br />
c<strong>et</strong>te démarche <strong>de</strong> 'no~<br />
tre ministère <strong>de</strong> /'intérieur<br />
du besoin exprimé<br />
récemment par<br />
gouvernement Turc dé<br />
mo<strong>de</strong>rniser son armée<br />
pour mener sa guerre<br />
Erkan: About 1000 terrorists<br />
'neutralized' in past 3 months<br />
Four <strong>de</strong>ad, one policeman injured in terrorist inci<strong>de</strong>nts<br />
..Turkish<br />
Daily News<br />
ANKARA- Unal Erkan, emergency rule governor<br />
for the troubled Southeast, announced Monday<br />
that approximately 1000 terrorists of the outlawed<br />
Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) had been<br />
"neutralized" in the past three months.<br />
He ad<strong>de</strong>d, "2900 people who ai<strong>de</strong>d and ab<strong>et</strong>ted<br />
terrorists have been arrested and imprisoned."<br />
Erkan said foreigners led about 100 groups of<br />
'the terrorist organization in rural areas in the<br />
Southeast. "The terrorist organization has killed<br />
1,300 innocent people in the first II months of<br />
the year. But they are not going to g<strong>et</strong> anywhere.<br />
It is impossible to <strong>de</strong>feat the state," he said at<br />
public rallies in the Lice and Kulp towns of<br />
DiyarbakIr province.<br />
A policemen was sliohtly injured late Monday<br />
night in an inci<strong>de</strong>nt in fstanbul s Bayrampa~a dis-<br />
coriirele peuple Kur<strong>de</strong>.<br />
Elle ne peut manquer<br />
d'apparaître comme<br />
un soutien politique ouvert<br />
<strong>de</strong> la France au gé-'<br />
noci<strong>de</strong> ,du pe.uple<br />
.. Kur<strong>de</strong>entrepri.s liar Ie<br />
l'Etat Turè~ . . .<br />
Aujourd'hui; les Kur-'<br />
. <strong>de</strong>s en appellent à tous.<br />
les démQàates, à tous i<br />
, les défenseurs <strong>de</strong>s;<br />
. droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme. leur<br />
grève <strong>de</strong> la faim dépasse<br />
le cadre <strong>de</strong> la défense<br />
<strong>de</strong> .Ieur .droit à<br />
une associàtion. Elle<br />
.vise aussi à lancer un<br />
véritable appel <strong>de</strong> détresse<br />
face à une situation<br />
grave pour eux <strong>et</strong><br />
. pour leur peuple. Un' situation<br />
qui a tendance<br />
à s'aggraver <strong>de</strong> jour en<br />
jour.<br />
~~M•.<br />
~<br />
0\<br />
.....<br />
CZl<br />
S!: 00'<br />
-<br />
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÏ<br />
trict. Anatolia news agency reported Tuesday that<br />
three suspects had opened fire on a police patrol<br />
during a search operiltion.<br />
"Police officer Orner Ta~diken was<br />
.<br />
s!lghtly<br />
woun<strong>de</strong>d in the inci<strong>de</strong>nt. Police are searchmg for<br />
the three," Anatolia said. In two separate. attacks<br />
on civilians in the southeastern province of<br />
DiyarbakIr Tuesday, Sedat Akmcl and Osman<br />
Sener were gunned down by uni<strong>de</strong>ntified assaifants.<br />
Three people were injured in the inci?ents.<br />
In another inci<strong>de</strong>nt in the eastern provmce of<br />
Mus, Ferit Gülçin was killed by three assailants<br />
Tuesday.<br />
In the southern province of Adana, Dunnu~<br />
Yaprak was killed by uni<strong>de</strong>ntified assailants. Yapral,<br />
who lost control of his car, hit seven el~mentary<br />
scho~1 stu<strong>de</strong>nts. ~hey were taken to vanous<br />
city hospItals, Anatolia reported Tuesday.<br />
Court to look into merits of DEP case<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- The Constitutional Court has compl<strong>et</strong>ed<br />
its preliminary examination in respect of<br />
the lawsuit which calls for the closure of the Democracy<br />
Party (DEP). The office of the chief<br />
prosecutor of the High Appeals Court filed a case<br />
at the Constitutional Court last Thursday <strong>de</strong>mandin!!<br />
the closure of the DEP.<br />
~It indicted the DEP on charges of violating the<br />
Preamble and Articles 2, 3, 14 and 69 of the Constitution<br />
and Articles 78 and 81 of the Political<br />
Parties' Law <strong>de</strong>aling with acts against the indivisible<br />
integrity of the country and the nation.<br />
The court will now start to look into the merits<br />
of the case.<br />
For this reason, the court will ask the DEP administrators<br />
to present their <strong>de</strong>fense p<strong>et</strong>ition upon<br />
receipt of the indictment.<br />
High level Syrian official signals clampdown on PKK<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- A high level Syrian' officiaI<br />
signalled on Monday that Damascus had<br />
clamped down on the Kurdistan Workers'<br />
Party (PKK) and would curb all activities<br />
of this outlawed organization in its terrilories.<br />
Turkish Prime Minister Tansu Çiller<br />
confirmed the promise. and said she had<br />
received the message that the PKK would<br />
in no way be allowed to remain within<br />
Syrian bor<strong>de</strong>rs.<br />
Appearing Monday night on the popular<br />
Show TV <strong>de</strong>bate program Crossfire,<br />
the Syrian state minister m charge of security<br />
affairs. Naser Kaddur. for the first<br />
time acknowledged the presence of the<br />
PKK in Syrian territory but said everything<br />
had been done to block its activities.<br />
"The stability and sovereignty of<br />
Turkey is very important both for Syria<br />
and the region. Because of this, no group<br />
pursuing terrorism against Turkey or<br />
creating unrest will ever have a place<br />
Syrian soil again," Kaddur said.<br />
on<br />
He went to the extent of accepting that<br />
PKK lea<strong>de</strong>r Abdullah<br />
visited Syria as well.<br />
Ocalan may have<br />
The state minister's statement had immediate<br />
impact back in Ankara where<br />
Çiller was quoted by a Turkish newspaper<br />
as saying that she had received the<br />
'same promise in the fonn of a message.<br />
D~puly Prime Minister Murat Karayalçm<br />
saId, on the olher hand, Ihat Ankara was<br />
pleased with Syria's altitu<strong>de</strong> on the PKK.<br />
Karayalçm also guaranteed that Syria<br />
would<br />
water<br />
have no problem with<br />
and said. We will give<br />
regard to<br />
Syri
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESs REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Amnestï¥intematiOIllI<br />
SECTION<br />
FRANÇAISE<br />
SERVICE DES ACTIONS URGENTES<br />
66, RUE PARGAMINIÈRES<br />
31000 TOULOUSE<br />
TELEPHONE: 61 23 53 73<br />
TELECOPIE: 61 23 53 90<br />
EXTERNE<br />
U 1075<br />
44/118/93<br />
AVERTISSEMENT: "Amnesty International défend <strong>de</strong>s individus, sans prendre position sur leurs idées ni sur les organisations<br />
auxquelles ils pourraient adhérer"<br />
ACTION COMPLEMENTAIRE SUR AU 405/93 (EUR 44/106/93 du 16 novembre 1993)<br />
MENACES D'EXPULSION DES HABITANTS D'UN VillAGE CHRETIEN ET DE DESTRUCTION DU<br />
VILLAGE<br />
TURQUIE: le village d'Hassana (èn turc : Kösrall köyü)<br />
- - - - - - - - - -.. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -<br />
Londres, le 8 décembre 1993<br />
Amnesty International a reçu <strong>de</strong>s informations indiquant que les villageois d'Hassana ont été forcés <strong>de</strong> quitter<br />
le village. Ceux qui sont partis avant la date limite du 20 novembre ont pu emporter avec eux quelques-uns <strong>de</strong><br />
leurs eff<strong>et</strong>s personnels, alors que ceux qui voulaient rester, mais qui ont dû partir le jour où expirait<br />
l'ultimatum, n'ont rien pu emporter. Selon. certaines sources <strong>d'information</strong>, les fenêtres <strong>et</strong> les portes <strong>de</strong><br />
leurs maisons ont été brisées par les forces <strong>de</strong> s~curité, les rendant inhabitables <strong>et</strong> exposées aux aléas<br />
climatiques.<br />
Les autorités n'ont offert aux villageois, 31 familles regroupant 199 personnes, aucun endroit ni aucune<br />
installation <strong>de</strong> remplacement.<br />
De plus, avant l'ultimatum, la télévision turque a diffusé une fausse information indiquant que les villageois<br />
d'Hassana étaient <strong>de</strong>s Arméniens liés aux rebelles du Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs kur<strong>de</strong>s (PKK).<br />
ACTION RECOMMANDEE.: télégramme/télex/télécople/aérogrammell<strong>et</strong>tre par avion :<br />
- exprimez votre inquiétu<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>vant les expulsions <strong>de</strong> villageois dans divers lieux <strong>de</strong> la région sous état<br />
d'urgence, expulsions menées <strong>de</strong> manière officieuse <strong>et</strong> arbitraire, assorties <strong>de</strong> menaces, d'actes<br />
d'intimidation, <strong>de</strong> mauvais traitements <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>struction <strong>de</strong> bétail, <strong>de</strong> nourriture <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> bien;<br />
- exprimez paticulièrement votre inquiétu<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>vant l'expulsion <strong>de</strong>s villageois d'Hassana, le 20 novembre<br />
i993;<br />
- <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>z instamment que toutes les personnes forcées par les forces <strong>de</strong> sécurité <strong>de</strong> quitter leurs domiciles<br />
dans la région placée sous état d'urgence, reçoivent <strong>de</strong>s compensations pour la perte <strong>de</strong> leurs biens <strong>et</strong> soient<br />
relogées. .<br />
APPELS A:<br />
lI(Mlnlstre <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur)<br />
Mr Nahit Mentese<br />
lçisleri Bakanligi<br />
06644 Ankara, TURQUIE<br />
Télégrammes: Icisleri Bakanligi,<br />
Ankara, TURQUIE<br />
Fax: 90 312 418 1795<br />
2/(Vlce-Premler Ministre)<br />
Deputy Prime Minister Mr Murat<br />
Karayalçin<br />
Office of the Prime Minister<br />
Basbakanlik<br />
06573 Ankara, TURQUIE<br />
Télégrammes : Deputy Prime Minister,<br />
Ankara, TURQUIE<br />
Télex 44061/44062/44063 bbmt tr<br />
Fax: (90) 312 417 0476<br />
(90) 312 230 8896<br />
54
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Turkish Probe December 9, 1993<br />
17<br />
Human Rights Diary<br />
The Contemporary Jurists' Association (CGD)<br />
<strong>de</strong>nounces the <strong>de</strong>tention of 11 lawyers in Istanbul<br />
and the southeastern province of Diyarbakir. At a<br />
press conference in Ankara, CGD Chairman $enal<br />
San han discloses that security forces have <strong>de</strong>tained<br />
10 lawyers in Diyarbakir and one in Istanbul.<br />
(Cumhurly<strong>et</strong>, Dec. 2)<br />
The office of the chief prosecutor of the High Appeals<br />
Court files a case at the Constitutional Court<br />
<strong>de</strong>manding the closure of the pro-Kurdish Democracy<br />
Party (DEP). An announcement from the prosecutor's<br />
office says that it has indicted the DEP on<br />
charges of violating the Preamble and Articles 2, 3,<br />
14 and 69 of the Constitution and Articles 78 and<br />
181 of the Political Parties' Law, all of which ban<br />
subversive activity against the state.<br />
(Newspapers, Dec. 3)<br />
Kemal Sahir Gürel and Elif Sumru Gürel, members<br />
of a leftist Turkish band named "Grup Yorum"<br />
are each sentenced to one year and eight months<br />
imprisonment and each fined TL 42 million. The Izmir<br />
State Security Court (DGM) prosecuted the two<br />
for attempting to spread verbal propaganda aiming<br />
to <strong>de</strong>stroy the territorial integrity of the country.<br />
(Cumhuriy<strong>et</strong>, Dec. 3)<br />
Turgut Kazan, chairman of the Istanbul Bar Association,<br />
says the controversial anti-terrorism bill<br />
drafted by the coalition partners will lead to "state<br />
terrorism." Speaking at a press conference in Istanbul,<br />
Kazan said Article 5 of the draft aimed to suppress<br />
the fundamental freedom of speech. In another<br />
<strong>de</strong>velopment, Ercan Demir, chairman of the Iz.<br />
mir CH D, <strong>de</strong>mands the immediate withdrawal of<br />
the anti.terrorism draft bill, alleging it violates <strong>de</strong>mocratic<br />
principles.<br />
(Cumhuriy<strong>et</strong>, Dec. 3)<br />
Socialist Unity Party (SBP) Chairman Sadun<br />
Aren alleges that the government has left no room<br />
for a solution to the Kurdish issue. In a written<br />
press statement, Aren says his party expected the<br />
government to take concr<strong>et</strong>e steps towards the solution<br />
of the issue in the wake of the German and<br />
French bans on the PKK, but that the exact opposite<br />
had so far been done.<br />
(Cumhuriy<strong>et</strong>, Dec. 4)<br />
The Istanbul Human Rights Association (IHD)<br />
protests what it calls the "extrajudicial killing" of<br />
Selma Do!)an and Erol Yalçm in a house raid by<br />
the Istanbul police late last month. At a press conference<br />
atten<strong>de</strong>d by the family of Do!)an, the IHD says<br />
the house advertized by police as a safe house<br />
belonging to the outlawed Revolutionary Left (Dev-<br />
Sol) had in<strong>de</strong>ed been the home of the Do!)an family<br />
for seven years.<br />
(Cumhurly<strong>et</strong>, Dec. 4)<br />
The Istanbul DGM starts a criminal investigation<br />
against Professor Do!;ju Ergil, a lecturer of political<br />
science at Ankara University, for his written remarks<br />
published in the 121 issue of the weekly Aktüel magazine.<br />
The indictment reads that Ergil attempted to<br />
spread printed propaganda aiming to <strong>de</strong>stroy the territorial<br />
integrity of the country.<br />
(Cumhurly<strong>et</strong>, Dec. 4)<br />
Turkish authorities have driven 200 Christians from<br />
a village in southeast Turkey, resi<strong>de</strong>nts say. State-paid<br />
village guards <strong>de</strong>tained and tortured seven Christian<br />
shepherds in the same area, using molten plastic<br />
to brand one of their victims with a cross, the resi<strong>de</strong>nts<br />
add. They say 32 Syriac Christian families, the<br />
entire 200-strong population of Hassana village, in<br />
Mardin province, were forced to leave their homes<br />
last month. "An or<strong>de</strong>r came through Silopi security<br />
headquarters last month, telling them to evacuate<br />
Hassana by Nov. 20," a Syriac Christian in the nearby<br />
town of Midyat says. "It happened because a local tribal<br />
lea<strong>de</strong>r said on television that it was an Armenian<br />
village," he adds.<br />
(Newspapers, Dec. 4)<br />
Mustafa Ekmekçi, presi<strong>de</strong>nt of the Contemporary<br />
Journalists' Association (CGD), maintains that <strong>de</strong>mands<br />
by state security courts to shut down political<br />
parties indicate a grave threat to <strong>de</strong>mocracy in Turkey.<br />
At an Ankara press me<strong>et</strong>ing, Ekmekçi says such<br />
<strong>de</strong>mands are reminiscent of the era follOWing military<br />
coups. Where political parties can be forced to shut<br />
down, there is no such thing as the freedom of speech<br />
or of the press, he argues.<br />
(Cumhuriy<strong>et</strong>, Dec. 6)<br />
In two separate attacks on civilians in the southeastern<br />
province of Diyarbakir, Sedat Akmcl and Osman<br />
$ener are gunned down by uni<strong>de</strong>ntified assailants.<br />
Three people are injured in the inci<strong>de</strong>nts. In another<br />
inci<strong>de</strong>nt in the eastern province of Mus, Ferit Gülçin is<br />
killed by three assailants. In the southern province of<br />
Adana, Durmu~ Yaprak is killed by uni<strong>de</strong>ntified assailants.<br />
Yaprak, losing control of his car. hits seven elementary<br />
school stu<strong>de</strong>nts.<br />
(Newspapers. Dec. 8)<br />
55
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-~NISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Simon Kreitem/Reuters<br />
•Lady Thatcher leaving the inquiry after her testimony Wednesday.<br />
She parried polite but pointed questions from Lord Justice Scott.<br />
,~hatcher Tells Inquiry<br />
She Wasn't Informed of<br />
.S'ensitive Sales to Iraq<br />
By Richard W. Stevenson blank<strong>et</strong> immunity from prosecu-<br />
New'York Times Sen'ic'e tion.<br />
LONDON - Former Prime Occasionally turning combative,<br />
Minister Margar<strong>et</strong> Thatcher said the former prime minister repeat-<br />
Wednesday she had been unaware edly turned asi<strong>de</strong> suggestions that<br />
thatjunior ministers relaxed a pro- . the policy shift outlined in governhibition<br />
on sales of militarily sensi- ment documents and previous testive<br />
goods to Iraq in 1988,allowing timony to the inquiry amounted to<br />
Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Saddam Hussein's re- a major change in the way Britain<br />
gime to buy British weapons-mak- <strong>de</strong>alt with requests by its manufacing<br />
equipment in the years before turers to export "dual use" equip:<br />
the Gulf War.<br />
ment to Iraq.<br />
Testifying for the first time in an Such equipment, including maofficiiil<br />
inquiry into the sales, Lady chine tools, has civilian uses but<br />
Thatcher said she wished she had can also be employed in the probeen<br />
kept informed of the change. duction of weaponry.<br />
She said, however, that she viewed Un<strong>de</strong>r the 1984 gui<strong>de</strong>lines, Britthe<br />
shift even now as technical, ain effectively prohibited sales of<br />
limited in effect and not a funda- weaponry and dual-use machinery<br />
mental policy change that required to both Iran and Iraq, which were<br />
her approval or public disclosure. .at war at the time.<br />
Lady Thatcher, who led the Con- After the cease-fire b<strong>et</strong>ween<br />
servative government until Novem- those two countries in 1988, Britain<br />
ber. 1990, four months after the began responding to requests from<br />
Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, said in its exporters by allowing the sale of<br />
response to questions at the inquiry dual-use equipment to Iraq, althat<br />
she had not knowingly misled though the Thatcher government<br />
Parliament when she told the did not publicly disclose the<br />
House of Commons in 1989 that change.<br />
gui<strong>de</strong>lines on weapons sales to Iraq "It seems to me abundantly clear<br />
formulated in late 1984 had not thlil when they proposed these<br />
been changed.<br />
changes they viewed it as a change<br />
"This partiéular answer given of circumstances rather than a<br />
was what I believed to be correct," change of policy," Lady Thatcher<br />
she said. . . said.<br />
Asked wh<strong>et</strong>her ,Parliament The inquiry was s<strong>et</strong> up by Prime<br />
should have been informed of the Minister John Major last year following<br />
the collapse of a criminal<br />
change, Lady Thatcher, who fre- case against the top executives of<br />
quently referred to her tenure in Matrix Churchill, an Iraqi-owned,<br />
office in the present tense, replied: British-based company that was<br />
"I would not like to answer that selling machine tools to Iraq in the<br />
question without consi<strong>de</strong>ring it late 1980s,<br />
with my ministers,"<br />
The executives had been charged<br />
Lady Thatcher spent most of the with violating export laws, but the<br />
day parrying polite but pointed charges were dropped after governquestions<br />
from Lord Justice Scott, ment officials acknowledged they<br />
the High Court judge who is lead- had known that the equipment<br />
ing the inquiry, and his chief assis- might be used for military purtant,<br />
Presiley Baxendale.<br />
poses.<br />
The inquiry is to issue 11public Lady Thatcher said that she had<br />
report next year, but has no power not been consulted about the grantto<br />
bring criminal charges, and wit- ing of export licenses to Matrix<br />
nesses have been granted a near- Churchill.<br />
Iran: Normal Relations Should Mean No More Mur<strong>de</strong>rs Abroad<br />
By Mansour Farhaitg<br />
ENNINGTON, Vermont -<br />
B Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Bill Clinton's me<strong>et</strong>ing<br />
with Salman Rushdie last month inspires<br />
me to tell of my own experience<br />
with Iranian terrorism. .<br />
On June 10, an FBI agent carne to<br />
my house to inform me that I was on<br />
a hit list of the Islamic Republic of<br />
Iran. He revealed that the list had<br />
been passed on by "a friendly country"<br />
and that U.S. authoritiesjudged<br />
it serious enough to warrant his visit.<br />
He ad<strong>de</strong>d that only three of the 200<br />
people on the list lived in America.<br />
56<br />
After regaining my balance, I<br />
asked him to elaborate on the source<br />
and credibility of his information. He<br />
replied that he did not know anything<br />
else. He expressed sympathy but<br />
could not offer any advice or protee- .<br />
tion. He gave me his telephone num-<br />
. ber and encouraged 'me to call him if<br />
I had anything to report.<br />
Since then, I have been able to live<br />
without excessive concern for saf<strong>et</strong>y.<br />
I may be in danger, but I believe I still<br />
feel more secure in my environment<br />
than the paranoid guardians of the<br />
Islamic Republic do in theirs.<br />
That Tehran's theocrats have the<br />
.audacity to arrange the assassination<br />
of Iranian dissi<strong>de</strong>nts abroad is not<br />
. news, but the existence of a list of<br />
targ<strong>et</strong>s that inclu<strong>de</strong>s someone like me<br />
was a cOmpl<strong>et</strong>e surprise. The i<strong>de</strong>a .<br />
that I could be perceived as a threat<br />
to Iran was beyond my imagination, .<br />
for I arn a naturalized American citizen<br />
and have no affiliation with any<br />
exile or expatriate group.<br />
I work with a nuIilber of human<br />
rights organizations, but my 3D-year<br />
involvement in that cause has never<br />
been limited to Iran.<br />
I abhor political violence, even<br />
against a violent state like Iran., and<br />
• whenI ànälyze the character arid policies<br />
of the Islamic regime, I try to do<br />
so in a nonbelligerent fashion.<br />
Government officials in Tehran<br />
must be aware of these facts, because<br />
I periodically appear as a commentator<br />
on the Persian-language programs<br />
of the BBC and the Voice of America.<br />
But clearly, the hit list has little to<br />
do with the political weight of its targ<strong>et</strong>s.<br />
Iran's campaign of terror abroad<br />
is inten<strong>de</strong>d to <strong>de</strong>monstrate that the<br />
ruling clerics are not afraid of Western<br />
governments and can eliminate<br />
their critics wherever they live.<br />
Since the founding of the Islamic
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Republic in 1979, 59 exiled Iranian<br />
dissi<strong>de</strong>nts have been assassinated: 10<br />
in France, nine in Pakistan, eight in<br />
Turkey, seven in ~y, seven in<br />
Austria, six in Iraq, ~ee fi England,<br />
two each in Switzerland and Italy, and<br />
one each in Swe<strong>de</strong>n,Cyprus, the United<br />
States, the Philippines and ~bai.<br />
In addition, Hitoshi Igarashi, the<br />
Japanese translator of Mr. Rushdie's<br />
book "The Satanic Verses," was<br />
killed in Tokvo in July 1991. Ettore<br />
Sofar, theregime has<br />
committed mur<strong>de</strong>r<br />
abroad with impunity.<br />
Capriolo, the'ltali~ fr~lat~r, was<br />
woun<strong>de</strong>d in a stabbmg fi Milan the<br />
same month. Last month the book's<br />
Norwegian publisher, William ~ygaard,<br />
was shot and woun<strong>de</strong>d outsi<strong>de</strong><br />
his home in Oslo. In France, Germany<br />
and Swi~land, ~urt cases are<br />
pending agaInst IranIan ~gents accused<br />
of killing other IranIans.<br />
The "friendly country" that fassed<br />
on the hit list to the FBI, later<br />
learned, was Germany. Th~.list was<br />
also'given to French and Bnush security<br />
services, because many of ~ose<br />
named on it live in those countnes.<br />
The document was found by police<br />
investigators in the home of an Iranian<br />
employee of the Islamic Republic's<br />
embassy in Bonn. He had been<br />
arrested as a suspect in the Septemturkish<br />
daily news<br />
Washington grants $1.1 billion to Ankara<br />
US and Turkey tra<strong>de</strong> talks open<br />
Thursday, December 9, 1993<br />
ber 1992 machine-gunning of four ward the West. All elements of the<br />
L)utraged the public and forced the<br />
presi<strong>de</strong>nt to cancel his trip.<br />
Iranian Kurds in Berlin.<br />
The only dissi<strong>de</strong>nt ass~inated in<br />
regime are united in this view.<br />
Emerging internal disputes on ceo-<br />
The American position toward the<br />
assassination campaign has been disthe<br />
United States was Ali Akbar Ta- nomic priorities might some day lead couraging. The State Department has<br />
batabai, a former press at~ché of the to conflict or diversity on foreign and y<strong>et</strong> to ask Iran publicly why it has<br />
Iranian Embassy In Washington. He<br />
was shot to <strong>de</strong>ath in July 1980 at the<br />
domestic policies, but such a <strong>de</strong>velopment<br />
is not y<strong>et</strong> on the horizon.<br />
given refuge to Mr. Belfield.<br />
The Reagan administration's exfront<br />
door of his house in Maryland The CIA believes that Presi<strong>de</strong>nt change of arms for hostages with Ayabya<br />
man posing as a mail earner. Hashemi Rafsanjani and the spiritual tollah Khomeini produced such cyni_<br />
The police investigation revealed lea<strong>de</strong>r, Ayatollah Sayed Ali Kha- cism among Tehran's ruling clerics<br />
that the suspect was David Be~ield, menei, personally approve every tar- that they hardly take Washington's<br />
also known as Daoud Salahuddin, a g<strong>et</strong> and plan of assassination abroad. pronouncements seriously. For furconvert<br />
to Islam who was an employee<br />
of the Iran interest section at the<br />
This was the case when Ayatollah<br />
Khomeini was at the helm.<br />
ther evi<strong>de</strong>nce that they do not need to,<br />
consi<strong>de</strong>r the estimated $1 billion in<br />
Algerian Embassy in Washington. So far, the regime has committed U.S. exports to Iran this year, in spite<br />
He fled to Canada, then flew to .Iran mur<strong>de</strong>r abroad with impunity. The of a long-standing tra<strong>de</strong> embargo.<br />
and has been living there ever SInce. <strong>de</strong>ath threat against Mr. Rushdie is The recent warnings by Presi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
He was indicted in America and a the most publicized example of how Bill Clinton and Secr<strong>et</strong>ary of State<br />
warrant was issued for his arrest. Iran treats dissent, but he has at least Warren Christopher that Iran would<br />
In 1986 after the Iran-contra reve- received a worldwi<strong>de</strong> hearing for his be held responsible for its sponsorship<br />
lations the Reagan administration plight. His Iranian counterparts have of terrorism are promising. At the moconcoc'ted<br />
the notion of.a mod~ra~e to suffer or die in anonynnty. ment, however,one can only hope that<br />
faction in the Iranian regune to Jusl1- Repeated appeals to the United the administration will reject the cyni_<br />
fy its secr<strong>et</strong> arms sales to Ayatollah Nations secr<strong>et</strong>ary-general to question cal practices of its Republican pre<strong>de</strong>-<br />
Ruhollah Khomeini. To keep ~at<br />
fiction alive, a number of ~encan<br />
Iran about the assassination of dissi<strong>de</strong>nts<br />
abroad remain unanswered.<br />
cessors and initiate a more principled<br />
policy tl/ward the Islamic Republic.<br />
dreamers among the ranks ofJournal- European countries do not y<strong>et</strong> see To be sure, re-establishment of<br />
ists and foreign affairs experts chose that they have an interest in confront- normal diplomatic and economic r<strong>et</strong>o<br />
attribute Iran's international ter- ing Iran's criminal acts on their soil. lations ought to be the goal of the<br />
rorism including the assassinations, Maintaining access to Iran's oil and new policy. But rapprochement<br />
to ro~e elements in the regime. consumer mark<strong>et</strong>s seems to super- would be unconscionable without an<br />
Evi<strong>de</strong>nce su~es~ that Ir~ , s ter- se<strong>de</strong> any other concern. 'd F . Mi unconditional f' termination of Iran's<br />
rorism abroad, like ItS<strong>de</strong>spousm and In 1991, Presl ent rançOlS t- support or terronsm.<br />
anti-Americanism at home, emanates terrand accepted an invitation to visit _<br />
I f th . Iran even though by that time seven The writer, professor of politics at<br />
from the highest leve 0<br />
Tehran's theocrats seem to be e regune. frozen Iranian dissi<strong>de</strong>nts had been killed ed in Bennington College, is on the advisory<br />
in the belief, inherited from Ayatol- France. It was only the undisput board of Middle East Watch. He conal<br />
d connection of Mr. Bakhtiar's assas- tributed this comment to The New<br />
lah<br />
pends<br />
Khomeini,<br />
on remaining<br />
that their<br />
intransigent<br />
surviv<br />
tlJe-<br />
sins to the government of Iran that York Times.<br />
Washington presses further for prevention of Turkish violotions of intellectUlll property rights<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- Crucial tra<strong>de</strong> talks b<strong>et</strong>ween<br />
the United States and Turkey within the<br />
framework of the Joint Economic Commission<br />
(lEC) opened yesterday in Ankara.<br />
In his speech at the opening of the talks,<br />
U.S. Assistant Secr<strong>et</strong>ary of State for European<br />
and Canadian Affairs Steph~n qxm~n<br />
said that Turkey successfully mamtams Its<br />
key role with its liberal economic structure<br />
and secular <strong>de</strong>mocracy. .<br />
Oxman noted that Turkey's economic<br />
achievements are remarkable by any criteri~<br />
on and that a.st{engthening of the econo~c<br />
relations b<strong>et</strong>ween Turkey and the Uruted<br />
States were of gieat significance.<br />
"Businessmen from both si<strong>de</strong>s should g<strong>et</strong><br />
to~<strong>et</strong>her and explore new business opportunitIes."<br />
In a welcome speech. Acting Treasury<br />
Un<strong>de</strong>rsecr<strong>et</strong>ary Osman Uosal said that the<br />
JEC will be a major instrument to give a<br />
boost to the bilateral tra<strong>de</strong> relations b<strong>et</strong>ween<br />
the two countries.<br />
He stressed that Turkey was strong<br />
enough to overcome all economic problems<br />
that it faces at the moment.<br />
"The Turkish economy of'ers great op-<br />
~rtunities. Major projects COJldbe handled<br />
Joinily in the Middle East as .veil as in Central<br />
Asia," Unsal said.<br />
After the opening ceremony, a comprehensive<br />
JEC session was held with the participation<br />
of high ranking officials from<br />
both countries.<br />
There is a long list of items on the agenda<br />
of the JEC, which was scheduled after Turkish<br />
Prime Minister Tansu Çiller's state visit<br />
to Washington last October.<br />
The issues to be given top priority during<br />
the Ankara round of lalks are the Iraqi-<br />
Turkish oil pipeline, intellectual property<br />
right~,investments, projects, fjnanclal cooperation<br />
and tra<strong>de</strong>.<br />
The O.S; <strong>de</strong>legation will <strong>de</strong>mand from<br />
their Turkish counterparts urgent legal action<br />
to stop the Turkish violations of intellectual<br />
property rights, a major source of<br />
complamts from U.S. ijrms over the past<br />
years.<br />
There are reports that such violations cost<br />
a total of $62 million to U.S. firms during<br />
1992; The U.S. Tra<strong>de</strong> Bureau has recently<br />
launched an investigation against Turkey on<br />
the grounds that Ankara was tolerating the<br />
violations of international patent and mtellectual<br />
property rights.<br />
Washington threatens to exclu<strong>de</strong> Turkish<br />
eXj>9rtproducts from the Generalized List of<br />
Preferences. a list of c()mm()ditie~allowed<br />
to enter the United States exempt from customs<br />
taxes and duties.<br />
The U.S. <strong>de</strong>legation will prepare a report<br />
on patent right practices in Turkey and will<br />
submit it to U.S. Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Bill Clinton in<br />
May.<br />
The final <strong>de</strong>cision will be ma<strong>de</strong> by Clinton.<br />
Turkey may lose its preferential tra<strong>de</strong><br />
privileges from the United States if Washmgton<br />
finds it guilty of violating patent and<br />
57
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
intellectual property rights.<br />
The 15-member U.S. <strong>de</strong>legation to Turkey<br />
has representatives from several U.S.<br />
<strong>de</strong>partments and agencies, ineluding the Department<br />
of State, the Export-Import Bank,<br />
the Agency for International Development;<br />
the Department of Commerce, the Tra<strong>de</strong><br />
Development Agency, the Office of the U.S.<br />
Tra<strong>de</strong> Representative, the Office of Intellectual<br />
Property and Comp<strong>et</strong>ition, the Overseas<br />
Private lnvestment Corporation, the Env}<br />
ronmental Protection Agency and, the<br />
Treasury Department. .<br />
A press release from the United States lnformation<br />
..Service said Wednesday that Oxman<br />
and Unsal will sign two U.S. Tra<strong>de</strong> and<br />
Development Agency grant agreements,<br />
valued at more than $1.1 billion, at the con-.<br />
elusion of the JEC. The signing ceremony<br />
will take place today (Thursday).<br />
.Compensation soughf for Manchester fanS<br />
''>. '...... .. • ,<br />
.' Reuter ..' junior minister was not satisfac- drunken behaviour and dam ag-<br />
:. 'LONDON- ,Four. BfiIIsh tory. ~ Pendry,' Labour's sports ing property, .'<br />
members of parlIament mten~ to spo¥esman, to~d Reuters. They were freed by a Turkish<br />
. keel> pressmg for co~ensatIOn 1}1e Fo!,elgn Om.ce is not court last week and <strong>de</strong>ported. .<br />
for Manchester Umted soccer pursumg WIth full vigour tbe A solicitor representing four<br />
fans ~ho say they were mistreat- . case for compensation and an of the fans has said the Turkish<br />
ed in Turkey, <strong>de</strong>spite being ,re- apology.", .' government should pay 500,000<br />
buffed ~n ,Tuesday by a foreign . The <strong>de</strong>pltati
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />
have Drogoul's funds transferred back to<br />
his control.<br />
Drogoul was originally charged with<br />
347 counts of bank fraud for allegedly<br />
orchestrating dlrs 5.5 billion in illegal<br />
loans to Iraq.<br />
The loans helped finance Iraq's weapons<br />
building before the PersIan Gulf<br />
War.<br />
Drogoul has maintained he never<br />
ma<strong>de</strong> the loans to Iraq to reap personal<br />
gain and that officials from his bank and<br />
the U.S. government'aware of what he<br />
was doing.<br />
They <strong>de</strong>ny it. Drogoul plea<strong>de</strong>d guilty<br />
once before but witlidrew the plea during<br />
a sentencing hearing last year, when<br />
his attorneys accused the U.S. and Italian<br />
governments ,of "the mother of all<br />
cover-ups." ,<br />
He now has plea<strong>de</strong>d guilty to one<br />
count of wire fraud and two counts of<br />
lying to fe<strong>de</strong>raI bank regulators.<br />
Defense attorneys have asked that<br />
Drogoul be sentenced to the 20 months<br />
he already has spent in prison. Prosecutots<br />
are asking for a sentence of 6 112<br />
years.<br />
L'HUMANITÉ - 9 décembre 1993<br />
Courrier <strong>de</strong>s lecteurs<br />
Des amis du peuple<br />
kur<strong>de</strong> trourent la<br />
démonstration <strong>de</strong><br />
Pasqua <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> sa police<br />
curieusement<br />
tapageuse.<br />
Inquiétu<strong>de</strong>s<br />
pour<br />
le peuple<br />
kur<strong>de</strong><br />
Prési<strong>de</strong>nte <strong>de</strong> l'association<br />
« Les amis du peuple kur<strong>de</strong> »,<br />
notre association se montre très<br />
inquiète à l'égard <strong>de</strong> la « rafle »<br />
opérée sur tout le territoire<br />
français à l'encontre <strong>de</strong> ressortissants<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> Turquie <strong>et</strong><br />
sur ses conséquences éventuelles.<br />
De telles arrestations massives<br />
désignent à l'opinion publique<br />
toute une communauté<br />
comme s'il fallait craindre sa<br />
présence sur le terri toire français,<br />
alors qu'un silence pesant<br />
règne sur les villages kur<strong>de</strong>s incendiés<br />
<strong>et</strong> sur les villes détruites<br />
par l'armée turque, sur les tortures<br />
<strong>et</strong> les assassinats pratiqués<br />
couramment par la contreguérilla<br />
au service <strong>de</strong> l'Etat<br />
turc.<br />
Pourquoi ce silence sur un tel<br />
génoci<strong>de</strong>? Tout citoyeo français<br />
attaché aux valeurs démocratiques<br />
est en droit d'attendre que<br />
son gouvernement dénonce la<br />
politique turque inhumaine,<br />
source <strong>de</strong> toutes les rébellions.<br />
n est choquant que l'accord <strong>de</strong><br />
ventes d'armes françaises passé<br />
avec la Turquie encourage celleci<br />
à poursuivre son massacre.<br />
Tant qu'aucune preuve d'actions<br />
terroristes <strong>de</strong> la part <strong>de</strong><br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s arrêtés ne peut être produite,<br />
la justice française se doit<br />
<strong>de</strong> les libérer <strong>et</strong> le droit d'asile<br />
doit leur être appliqué, c'est<br />
leur accor<strong>de</strong>r « le droit <strong>de</strong> vivre»<br />
(... ).<br />
Michelle Meyer<br />
67000 Strasbourg<br />
Criminel<br />
Lamentable, dites-vous, le<br />
coup <strong>de</strong> fil<strong>et</strong> antikur<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Pasqua?<br />
Moi, je dis criminel, car<br />
beaucoup <strong>de</strong> Français - sauf,<br />
peut-être, au ministère <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur?<br />
- savent ou <strong>de</strong>vinent<br />
que ces gens sont persécutés chez<br />
eux.<br />
Ignoble, à mon avis, l'attitu<strong>de</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong>s évêques qui ont fait appel<br />
aux CRS pour déloger <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
réfugiés dans leur église à<br />
<strong>Paris</strong> <strong>et</strong> à Strasbourg.<br />
Je croyais l'église lieu d'accueil<br />
privilégié ...<br />
Jacques Sa/mon<br />
77000 Me/un<br />
Pas<br />
d'amalgame,<br />
•<br />
monsIeur<br />
Pasqua!<br />
Il ne faut pas risquer d'entr<strong>et</strong>enir<br />
une confusion sur le droit<br />
d'asile politique ainsi que sur la<br />
nature <strong>de</strong> la lutte <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>et</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong>s intégristes du FIS (... ).<br />
Le ministre <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur prétend<br />
que « la France est en train<br />
<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>venir la base arrière du<br />
terrorisme ». Cela reste à prouver.<br />
De toute façon, une question<br />
est posée : <strong>de</strong>puis <strong>de</strong>s années,<br />
qui accor<strong>de</strong> le droit d.'asile<br />
politique à <strong>de</strong>s responsables du<br />
FIS <strong>et</strong> d'autres mouvements intégristes,<br />
sinon les gouvernements<br />
successifs?<br />
En juill<strong>et</strong> 1992, « l'Humanité »<br />
dénonçait ces complaisances. Le<br />
7 janvier 1993, un article démontrait<br />
aussi que les représentants<br />
du FIS s'armaient en région<br />
parisienne (dans le<br />
département <strong>de</strong> M. Pasqua). Les<br />
évenements douloureux d'Algérie<br />
ont conduit le ministre <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Intérieur à assigner à rési<strong>de</strong>nce<br />
certains responsables du FIS,<br />
mais ils n'ont pas été expulsés<br />
vers l'Algérie.<br />
Tout autre est l'attitu<strong>de</strong> du<br />
pouvoir à l'égard <strong>de</strong>s militants<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s, ceux du PKK en particulier,<br />
fourtànt reconnus<br />
comme d authentiques réfugiés'<br />
politiques. Certains sont expulsés<br />
<strong>et</strong> livrés au ~ouvernement<br />
turc, ils sont promIs à la torture<br />
ou à!a mort.<br />
A l'est <strong>de</strong> la Turquie, le peu*<br />
kur<strong>de</strong> se bat pour sa survie <strong>et</strong> ~<br />
terre. Aux offres <strong>de</strong> négocia,<br />
tions, le gouvernement turc répond<br />
par le massacre <strong>de</strong> la p0-<br />
pulation. Les Kur<strong>de</strong>s sont<br />
persécutés en Turquie, en Iran,<br />
en Irak; pour se défendre, ontils<br />
le choix <strong>de</strong>s armes? Le<br />
combat d'es Kur<strong>de</strong>s n'a donc<br />
rien <strong>de</strong> comparable aux actes<br />
terroristes <strong>de</strong>s intégristes du<br />
FIS qui enten<strong>de</strong>nt imposer leur'.<br />
ordre obscurantiste à l'Algérie.<br />
Limmigration étant un suj<strong>et</strong> extrêmement<br />
sensible, soyons donc<br />
circonspect pour en traiter. Le<br />
gouvernement <strong>de</strong> cohabitation<br />
Balladur se sert <strong>de</strong> l'immi~ration<br />
pour manipuler l'opimon.<br />
Avec la révision <strong>de</strong> la Constitution,<br />
M. Pasqua s'est encore livré<br />
à une opération politicienne<br />
pour créer l'amalgame entre<br />
droit d'asile politique <strong>et</strong> immigration.<br />
Guy Poussy<br />
94 Champigny-sur-Marne<br />
Solidaire<br />
J'apporte mon soutien <strong>et</strong> ma<br />
solidarité avec le peuple kur<strong>de</strong><br />
dans l'appel dont le PCF est<br />
signataire. A HérouvilIe-Saint-<br />
Clair, un HérouvilIais kur<strong>de</strong> a<br />
été inquiété par la police. J'ai<br />
téléphoné le soir même chez lui,<br />
sa femme m'a appris qu'il avait<br />
été libéré. CelIe-ci connaît mon<br />
adresse pour une éventuelle solidarité<br />
...<br />
Maurice Morineau<br />
/4 Caen<br />
Du COTÉ<br />
D'ANKARA<br />
En publiant l'interview du<br />
Premier ministre turc le<br />
25 novembre, l'Edjn'apas<br />
rappelé à Mme Ciller la<br />
résolution du Parlement<br />
européen du 18 juin 1987,<br />
qui pose les conditions<br />
suivantes à l'examen <strong>de</strong><br />
la candidature <strong>de</strong> la Turquie<br />
à la CEE: la recon-.<br />
naissance par le 9ouvernement<br />
turc du genoci<strong>de</strong><br />
commis contre le peuple<br />
arménien par le gouverne<br />
ment Jeunes-Turcs;<br />
l'évaCll;ation<strong>de</strong>s troupes<br />
d'occupation turques à<br />
Chypre; l'application <strong>de</strong>s<br />
n011l)esdu droit internationâl<br />
dans les différends<br />
entre la Turquie <strong>et</strong> la<br />
Grèce; là reconnaissance<br />
du fait kur<strong>de</strong>; l'établissemént<br />
d'une démocratie<br />
parlementaire <strong>et</strong> le respect<br />
<strong>de</strong>s libertés individuelles<br />
<strong>et</strong> collectives, notamment<br />
religieuses,<br />
Depuis six ans, seul le rétablissement<br />
<strong>de</strong> la démocratie<br />
parlementaire a<br />
été réalise,<br />
Jacques Monnat, .Orléans<br />
59
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REvIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RMsTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
\.I.P ~ \~l'llll'!I,llllll)ll\\l-\.I.P. ~ bllll!r,lllll,!ill"'t-\.I.P ~ \~l'llll'lr.lllll'Pll'''l'-\.LP ~ \~l'llll'll.Illlll)ll'''l'-\.I.P.<br />
FRFR<br />
FRA0269 4 GI 0424 FRA IAFP-KD53<br />
Just ice-Kllt~<strong>de</strong>s<br />
Les avocats <strong>de</strong>s ~!.lt"<strong>de</strong>s incat'cét'és dénoncent "le bas-comm<strong>et</strong>~ce" entre la Ft~ance<br />
<strong>et</strong> la Tut"quie<br />
PARIS, 10 déc (AFP) - Les trois avocats <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s récemment incarcéa'és en<br />
Ft'ance 'ont dénoncé vendt'edi "le bas comm<strong>et</strong>'ce ql.1i s'e':5't instal.wé enta"€' la .<br />
Ft' a ncee t 1a Tut' qui e Il qui ape t"mis <strong>de</strong> dis s 0 1.\d t~e <strong>de</strong>s ass 0 cia t ion sku a'd e Si "p 0 I.W<br />
<strong>de</strong>s motifs ab<strong>et</strong>"rants <strong>et</strong> délirants" <strong>et</strong> d' incat"cét'<strong>et</strong>' <strong>de</strong>~. p<strong>et</strong>'sonnes "dont le<br />
dossi<strong>et</strong>' est complètement vi<strong>de</strong>".<br />
Au cours d'une conférence <strong>de</strong> presse ~ <strong>Paris</strong>, en présence <strong>de</strong> 35 Kur<strong>de</strong>s qui<br />
ont entamé le 4 décembre une grève <strong>de</strong> la faim, Me Jean-Jacques <strong>de</strong> Felice, Me<br />
Gilbert Collard <strong>et</strong> Me Mourad Oussedik ont noté la concomitance <strong>de</strong>s actions<br />
répressives en Allemagne <strong>et</strong> en France contre les Kur<strong>de</strong>s afin <strong>de</strong> les "empêcher<br />
<strong>de</strong> manifest<strong>et</strong>" lel-lr solidat'ité SOilS quelq'le fot'me que ce soit" à leut's<br />
compatt"i at es.<br />
Pour Me Oussedik, il est "ahurissant <strong>de</strong> voir le gouvernement français au<br />
nom <strong>de</strong> la t'aison d'Etat m<strong>et</strong>tt'e en place I-Ine t'épl"ession pat" ant icipat ion",<br />
citant les attendus du décr<strong>et</strong> du 2 décembre qui dissout e associations, au<br />
mot i f qu' e Il es" sel i vt"e n t s Ilt' ;10 ta- e te n' i toi t'e à <strong>de</strong>s
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Curée <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
Vbu - Surmené que je suis. Palotin !<br />
C'est moi maintenant qui règle tous<br />
les problèmes du mon<strong>de</strong>. Et d'abord,<br />
ces minorités nationales qui veulent<br />
être maitres chez elles, comme si je<br />
l'étais, moi. maitre chez moi. awe<br />
Mère Ubu qui n'anête<br />
pas <strong>de</strong> me<br />
contrarier! n y a les Irlandais d'Irlan<strong>de</strong><br />
du Nord qui veulent pas être les<br />
~<strong>de</strong>l'Ang1eIâre,<strong>et</strong>lesPalestiniens<br />
<strong>de</strong> Palestine qui veulent<br />
pas être les Kur<strong>de</strong>s d'Israel, <strong>et</strong> les<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s du Kurdistan qui non contents<br />
<strong>de</strong> pas vouloir être Iraniens (ce<br />
qui nous faisaient encore plaisir<br />
avant-bier), ni Irakiens (ce qui nous<br />
ravissait encore bier), ne veulent pas<br />
non plus être Turcs, ce qui est insupportable,<br />
vu que la Turquie est lUl<br />
grand pays ami, donc civilisé, à preuvequ'il<br />
est membre <strong>de</strong> l'Of AN <strong>et</strong> qu'il<br />
<strong>de</strong>vrait <strong>de</strong>main être le premiermembre<br />
asiatique <strong>de</strong> l'Europe <strong>de</strong><br />
Mass<strong>et</strong>rique. Du coup, j'ai donc dû<br />
décidcrqu'il fiillait : Une, &ire le front<br />
commun avec Saddam <strong>et</strong> les ayatollahs<br />
; <strong>de</strong>usse, déclarer tous les Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
immigrés en Europe: terr0ristes,<br />
sa1aupiauts, bons à persécuter ;<br />
troisio, les renvoyer se &ire tuer chez<br />
eux. ..<br />
PlIIotiD - Ca sera pas un p<strong>et</strong>it peu<br />
gœoci<strong>de</strong>?<br />
Vbu - Bah !Ces geœ.-là ont l'habitu<strong>de</strong>.<br />
Ah !<strong>et</strong> puis, apd8, arr<strong>et</strong>e <strong>de</strong> pro-<br />
DODCCI'CC mot <strong>de</strong> génoci<strong>de</strong> dont l'usage<br />
est maintenant sous brev<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la<br />
« TIêve<strong>de</strong>Dieu »<strong>et</strong>réservéàl'avortemeot<br />
qui risque <strong>de</strong> nous priver d'un<br />
tas <strong>de</strong> bons chrétins, chômeurs <strong>et</strong><br />
sidaJques. Déjà que les défenseurs<br />
<strong>de</strong> ces pécheurs du sida me persécutent<br />
parce .qu'ils veulent pas payer<br />
l'AZf <strong>de</strong> la Wellcome Foundation<br />
(où j'ai <strong>de</strong> gros intérêts) à SOIl prix <strong>de</strong><br />
monopole, qui va me rapporter un<br />
gros milliard d'ici peu, le progrès <strong>de</strong><br />
la maladie aidant grâce à la noble<br />
lutte contre les capotes ( du coup, je<br />
<strong>de</strong>vrai partager le milliard avec mon<br />
ca-pote - bi ! bi! bi! - Jean-Paul<br />
6da). Sais-tu pas que ces gauchistes,<br />
ennemis du juste profit, osent prétcxaa"quel'<br />
AZf d'Acotexcoûte25 %<br />
moins cher <strong>et</strong> que les casseurs <strong>de</strong><br />
prix proposent même <strong>de</strong> reverser une<br />
part <strong>de</strong> leurs bénefs pour la recherche.<br />
Vivement partout la protection<br />
américaine <strong>de</strong>s brev<strong>et</strong>s que Rouge a<br />
osé attaquer !Je suis visé : mes gênes,<br />
à moi, sont sous brev<strong>et</strong>. Alors, si<br />
n'importe qui peut me les prendre <strong>et</strong><br />
me clôner ... Comme s'il y avait déjà<br />
pas assez d'Ubu dans le mon<strong>de</strong> !<br />
PlIlotin - Justement, je venais t'implorer<br />
<strong>de</strong> venir au secours d'Ubu-<br />
Mé<strong>de</strong>cin.<br />
Vbu - Tu vois bien qu'il faut que je<br />
m'occupe <strong>de</strong> tout Dis lui qu'il se ren<strong>de</strong>,<br />
à condition d'avoir me prison<br />
façon Escobar, avec téléphones, ordinateurs,<br />
télécopieurs, <strong>de</strong>s matons<br />
du SAC, toutes portes ouvertes, droit<br />
d'assassiner les traiIres qui se faufileraient<br />
jusqu'à lui, <strong>et</strong>c, <strong>et</strong>c. fi faut exiger<br />
dans ce pays autant <strong>de</strong> démocratie<br />
qu'en Colombie, que diable!<br />
Questions aux lecteurs: Est-ce que<br />
je <strong>de</strong>vrais pas démissionner <strong>de</strong> mon<br />
poste d'ubucrétaire ?<br />
Michel Lequenne.<br />
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,,:;i.(>U"'~ '23, I
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Midi Littoral- 10 décembre 1993<br />
M<br />
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:::l<br />
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::....,<br />
Journal muselé<br />
'en Turquie,<br />
La police turque a effectué'<br />
vendredi soir une <strong>de</strong>scentè au<br />
journal « Ozgür Gùu<strong>de</strong>n » à Istanbul<br />
<strong>et</strong> à Diyarbakir. Tous les<br />
journalistes 'ont, 'été arrêtés ,<strong>et</strong><br />
pla!:és:en
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA<br />
STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Le Nouveau Quotidien - 22 novembre 1993<br />
Tansu Çiller consoli<strong>de</strong> son pouvoir<br />
au moment où Ankara est mis au pilori<br />
Un comité <strong>de</strong> l'ONU. présidé par le Suisse Joseph Voyame, dénonce la «pratique systématique» <strong>de</strong> la torture<br />
Cil Turquie. Mme Çüler. quifulmine contre le «terrorisme kur<strong>de</strong>», est confirmée comme premier ministre.<br />
ALAIN CAMP10m<br />
Tansu Çiller, le premier ministre<br />
<strong>de</strong> Turquie qui a été<br />
confirIilée samedi à la tête<br />
du parti <strong>de</strong> la Juste voie - <strong>et</strong> par<br />
conséquent dans ses fonctions<br />
gouvernementales - ne lira pas<br />
avec plaisir le texte que le Suisse<br />
Joseph Voyame vient <strong>de</strong> rendre<br />
public: en tant que prési<strong>de</strong>nt du<br />
Comité <strong>de</strong>s Nations Unies contre<br />
la torture, l'ancien chef <strong>de</strong> l'Office<br />
fédéral <strong>de</strong> la justice accuse<br />
les autorités turques - <strong>et</strong> c'est la<br />
première fois qu'un Etat est <strong>de</strong><br />
c<strong>et</strong>te façon mis au pilori - <strong>de</strong> tolérer<br />
une «pratique systématique»<br />
<strong>de</strong> la torture, en particulier<br />
par les organes dépendant du Ministilre<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'intérieur.<br />
Le comité Voyame attend du<br />
gouvernement <strong>de</strong> Tansu Çiller<br />
«<strong>de</strong>s mesures énergiques <strong>et</strong> efficaces»<br />
pour m<strong>et</strong>tre fin à ces.actes<br />
dégradants, mais on sent bien<br />
qu'il n'a pas la conviction d'être<br />
rapi<strong>de</strong>ment entendu: la publication<br />
<strong>de</strong> son texte accusateur semble<br />
le démontrer. Il faut dire que<br />
Mme Çiller a accueilli samedi sa<br />
réélection par <strong>de</strong>s paroles dures<br />
sur sa détermination «à arrêter<br />
l'escala<strong>de</strong> du terrorisme», ce qui<br />
vise naturellement les combattants<br />
séparatistes du Parti <strong>de</strong>s<br />
travailleurs du Kurdistan (PKK):<br />
les métho<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> lutte, particulièrement<br />
impitoyables, employées<br />
contre eux par. l'armée. turque,<br />
dans les .provinces du sud-est<br />
sous état d'urgence, ne vont pas<br />
changer <strong>de</strong> sitôt.<br />
Le comité que prési<strong>de</strong> Joseph<br />
Voyame - <strong>et</strong> que le Suisse va<br />
d'ailleurs quitter - est un organe<br />
<strong>de</strong> surveillance <strong>et</strong> d'enquête mis<br />
en place par la Convention <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Nations Unies contre la torture,<br />
dont la Turquie est signataire.<br />
Dans son travail, il utilise en<br />
principe (comme d'autres institutions<br />
<strong>de</strong> même nature) <strong>de</strong>s procédures<br />
discrètes, intervenant sans<br />
publicüé.auprès <strong>de</strong>s gouverne-<br />
ments sous Iii forme <strong>de</strong> recommandations,<br />
avec l'espoir d'obtenir<br />
la correction <strong>de</strong> pratiques<br />
contraires à la convention. Mais<br />
parCois, c<strong>et</strong>te discrétion ne suffit<br />
pas; elle ne suffisait en particulier<br />
pas, ont estimé Voyame <strong>et</strong> les<br />
autres membres du comité, dans<br />
le cas <strong>de</strong> la Turquie.<br />
Les témoignages sur les tortures<br />
pratiquées par les organes <strong>de</strong><br />
sécurité turcs étaient si nombreux<br />
<strong>et</strong> si cohérents que le comité<br />
a décidé, il y a trois ans,<br />
d'entamer une procédure à laquelle<br />
la gouvernement d'Ankara,<br />
dans un premier temps, a<br />
refusé <strong>de</strong> collaborer" Après la défaite<br />
du Parti <strong>de</strong> la mère patrie <strong>de</strong><br />
Turgut Ozal, <strong>et</strong> l'arrivée au pouvoir<br />
d'une coalition comportant<br />
ia gauche populiste social-démocrate,<br />
Ankara a D.lllDtréplus <strong>de</strong><br />
souplesse, acceptap~. finalement<br />
qu'une mission d'enquête se<br />
ren<strong>de</strong> en Turquie, en juin <strong>de</strong> l'an<br />
passé.<br />
La délégation était composée<br />
<strong>de</strong> Joseph Voyame lui-même, <strong>et</strong><br />
du prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong> la Cour suprême<br />
du Cameroun, Alexis Dipanda<br />
Mouelle. Les <strong>de</strong>ux hommes ont eu<br />
<strong>de</strong>s entr<strong>et</strong>iens à Ankara <strong>et</strong> à<br />
Diyarbakir, principale ville <strong>de</strong> la<br />
région kur<strong>de</strong>, <strong>et</strong> ils ont pu rencontrer<br />
en tête à tête, en se faisant<br />
accompagner d'uri mé<strong>de</strong>cin,<br />
une bonne soixantaine <strong>de</strong> détenus.<br />
La quantité <strong>et</strong> la qualité <strong>de</strong>s<br />
témoignages recueillis (même<br />
compte tenu du fait que <strong>de</strong>s prisonniers<br />
peuvent avoir un intérêt<br />
politique à se dire torturés)<br />
étaient telles que les <strong>de</strong>ux enquêteurs<br />
onusiens n'ont plus eu aucun<br />
doute: la pratique <strong>de</strong> la torture<br />
en Turquie est un système.<br />
Certains locaux dépendant du Ministère<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'intérieur leur avaient<br />
été en outre interdits.<br />
Avec <strong>de</strong> telles conclusions, le<br />
comité a estimé que <strong>de</strong>s recommandations<br />
confi<strong>de</strong>ntielles<br />
adressées à Ankara ne seraient<br />
pas suffisantes. Il a donc annoncé<br />
son intention <strong>de</strong> rendre public un<br />
«compte rendu succinct» <strong>de</strong> ses<br />
travaux, une mesure que le gouvernement<br />
turc a jugée injustifiée<br />
au printemps <strong>de</strong>rnier. Le comité<br />
a finalement passé aux actes, estimant<br />
sans doute que les intentions<br />
affichées à Ankara, <strong>et</strong> certaines<br />
mesures annoncées (révision<br />
<strong>de</strong> dispositions pénales)<br />
restaient sans err<strong>et</strong> pratique, en<br />
particulier pour toutes les arrestations<br />
liées à <strong>de</strong>s procédures <strong>de</strong>vant<br />
les cours <strong>de</strong> sûr<strong>et</strong>é <strong>de</strong> l'Etat.<br />
En Turquie,<br />
la pratique<br />
<strong>de</strong> la torture<br />
est un système<br />
Joseph Voyame <strong>et</strong> ses collègues<br />
avaient ainsi <strong>de</strong>mandé que<br />
les enquêteurs abandonnent<br />
l'usage du ban<strong>de</strong>au sur les yeux<br />
pendant les interrogatoires; ils<br />
<strong>de</strong>mandaient aussi que soit créé<br />
un système d'assistance judiciaire<br />
gratuite, <strong>et</strong> que les avocats<br />
puissent pénétrer dans les lieux<br />
<strong>de</strong> détention. Ils n'ont obtenu que<br />
<strong>de</strong>s réponses insuffisantes, ou<br />
pas <strong>de</strong> réponse du tout. Le comité<br />
avait aussi <strong>de</strong>mandé la «<strong>de</strong>struction<br />
immédiate» <strong>de</strong> ce qu'en Turquie<br />
on nomme les «sarcophages»:<br />
<strong>de</strong>s cellules d'isolement<br />
sans éclairage, qui mesurent 80<br />
centimètres sur 60, dans lesquelles<br />
le détenu ne peut vivre que<br />
<strong>de</strong>bout ou accroupi. 0<br />
Vmgt mille Kur<strong>de</strong>s à Bonn<br />
Plus <strong>de</strong> vingt mille Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
ont manifesté samedi à Bonn<br />
pour protester contre les perquisitions<br />
qui ont visé les associations<br />
proches du PKK, à la<br />
suite d'assauts menés au début<br />
du mois contre <strong>de</strong>s intérêts<br />
.turcs en Allemagne. La manifestation<br />
visait aussi à protester<br />
contre la menace d'interdiction<br />
qui pèse sur le PKK.Des<br />
manifestations similaires, mais<br />
bien plus mo<strong>de</strong>stes, ont également<br />
eu lieu à.strasbourg <strong>et</strong> à<br />
<strong>Paris</strong>, après l'opération policière<br />
menée jeudi <strong>de</strong>rnier dans<br />
toute la France contre les militants<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s.<br />
A Ankara, le Parti <strong>de</strong> la démocratie<br />
(DEP), proche du<br />
PKK, a <strong>de</strong>mandé à la CSCE<br />
(Conférence sur la sécurité <strong>et</strong><br />
la coopération en Europe) la<br />
création d'un comité permanent<br />
sur la situation <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
<strong>de</strong> Turquie «au seuil d'un<br />
génoci<strong>de</strong> <strong>et</strong> d'une déportation»,<br />
dit ce parti.<br />
LNQ<br />
63
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DELA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />
Réforme - Il décembre 1993<br />
o Appel <strong>de</strong>s chrétiens<br />
. du Kurdistan irakien<br />
Des dirigeants assyriens d'Irak sont<br />
inqui<strong>et</strong>s du déclin <strong>de</strong> leurs<br />
communautés dans le Kurdistan<br />
irakien - <strong>de</strong>s communautés installées<br />
<strong>de</strong>puis 5000 ans dans la région"<strong>et</strong><br />
chrétiennes dès l'aube du<br />
christianisme, Quelque trois millions<br />
d'Assyriens (Eglise orientale rattachée<br />
à Rome) ont déjà émigré en Europe,<br />
Etats-Unis, Canada <strong>et</strong> Australie. Selon<br />
un prêtre assyrien, nombre <strong>de</strong> villes <strong>et</strong><br />
villages naguère chrétiens à 90 % ne<br />
le sont plus qu'à 30 %. Avant la<br />
guerre du Golfe, les chrétiens d'Irak<br />
étaient en butte à une politique<br />
d'arabisation à outrance, les autorités<br />
cherchant fi. éradiquer leur culture <strong>et</strong><br />
leur langue (ils parlent encore<br />
l'araméen). Depuis la guerre, la<br />
pression vient <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s qui<br />
reprochent aux chrétiens <strong>de</strong> ne pas<br />
s'être opposés vigoureusement à<br />
Saddam Hussein. Ils investissent les<br />
villages traditionnellement chrétiens<br />
du Kurdistan <strong>et</strong> la kurdisation<br />
remplace désormais l'arabisation! Les<br />
dirigeants chrétiens du Kurdistan en<br />
appellent à l'Occi<strong>de</strong>nt, qui a aidé les<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s menacés par Saddam, mais<br />
n'ai<strong>de</strong> pas les chrétiens menacés par<br />
les Kur<strong>de</strong>s: "Au lieu d'ai<strong>de</strong>r les<br />
chrétiens à émigrer, l'Occi<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong>vrait<br />
les ai<strong>de</strong>r ici, afin qu'ils n'aient pas <strong>de</strong><br />
raisons <strong>de</strong> partir. »<br />
SPP-Informations<br />
L'Alsace- Il décembre 1993<br />
MRAP: soutien<br />
auX Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
L'interpellation <strong>de</strong> KII~<strong>de</strong>s en<br />
France .<strong>et</strong>. l'interdiction <strong>de</strong><br />
leurs associations culturelles<br />
inquiète le comité local du<br />
MRAP (mouvement contre le<br />
racisme <strong>et</strong> pour l'amitié entre<br />
les peuples): Réuni lundi, le<br />
MRAP <strong>de</strong> Belfort a dénoncé<br />
ces pratiques qui.« ne peuvent<br />
que renforcer un c1lmàt<br />
<strong>de</strong> méfiance il l'égard <strong>de</strong>s<br />
étrangers Il. Demandant à ce<br />
qu'ils soient libérés <strong>et</strong> que<br />
leurs droits associatifs soient<br />
reconnus, le MRAP réaffirme<br />
«80n 80utlen au peuple<br />
kur<strong>de</strong> qui ne fait que luller<br />
pour sea drollB légitimes esaenUela,<br />
face il une Turquie<br />
<strong>de</strong>s plU8 répre88lves. " .<br />
Le Mon<strong>de</strong>- 12 décembre 1993<br />
TURQUIE<br />
Arrestations<br />
dans les milieux proches<br />
<strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
La police turque a 'investi, dans<br />
la soirée du vendredi' 10 décembre,<br />
le siège du quotidien pro-kur<strong>de</strong><br />
Ozgur Gun<strong>de</strong>m à Istanbul. Elle a<br />
procédé à une perquisition, appréhendé<br />
<strong>et</strong> placé en gar<strong>de</strong> à vue une<br />
,quarantaine <strong>de</strong> collaborateurs du<br />
journal, a-t-on appris <strong>de</strong> bonnes<br />
sources. Récemment, Ozgur Gun<strong>de</strong>m<br />
avait à <strong>de</strong>ux reprises été suspendu<br />
durant quinze jours pour<br />
«propagan<strong>de</strong>» en faveur du «séparatisme»<br />
dans <strong>de</strong>s articles jugés<br />
« susceptibles <strong>de</strong> porter atteinte au<br />
.caractère indivisible <strong>de</strong> la nation <strong>et</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong> l'Etat tures».<br />
D'autre part, la Fédération internationale<br />
<strong>de</strong>s Ligues <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong><br />
l'homme (FlOH) «(dénonce fermement<br />
l'arrestation <strong>de</strong> seize avocats<br />
inscrits au barreau. <strong>de</strong> Diyarbakir»,<br />
la principale ville du Sud-Est anatolien<br />
à majorité kur<strong>de</strong>. La FlDH<br />
affirme que «le seul reproche jàit à<br />
ces avocats est d'être Kur<strong>de</strong>s )). -<br />
(AFP.)<br />
A.EP -Agence FrancePresse-A.EP. -Agence FrancePresse-A.EP -,~gence FrancePresse-A.EP -Agence FrancePresse-A.EI~<br />
FRA0294 4 I 0208 TUR /AFP-UN53<br />
TI_wq'_ti e-KI~w<strong>de</strong>s<br />
Levée du couvre-feu ~ Cizre (sud-est <strong>de</strong> la Turquie)<br />
ANKARA, 12 déc (AFP) - Le couvre-feu instauré samedi ~ Cizre (sud-est,<br />
.frontière syro-irakienne) après <strong>de</strong>s inci<strong>de</strong>nts entre rebelles kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>et</strong> forces<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'ordre qui avaient fait quatre morts dans la nuit <strong>de</strong> vendredi ~ samedi, a<br />
été levé dimanche, a rapporté l'agence turque Anatolie.<br />
Des rebelles kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> Turquie ont ouvert le feu avec <strong>de</strong>s armes lour<strong>de</strong>s<br />
sur les bâtiments publiques <strong>et</strong> d'autres habitations dans le centre-ville<br />
<strong>de</strong>puis les hauteurs entourant la ville, tuant 2 civils dans une maison touchée<br />
par un obus, avait indiqué l'agence citant <strong>de</strong>s autorités <strong>de</strong> la<br />
super-préfecttire <strong>de</strong> Diyarbakir.<br />
Par ailleurs~ 2 policiers avaient été tués dans l'explosion <strong>de</strong> le~r<br />
véhicule blindé SUt~ une mine "déposée pat~ les terrot~istes" alot~s qu'il se<br />
dirigeait vers les lieux <strong>de</strong>s inci<strong>de</strong>nts, toujours selon la même source.<br />
Les autorités locales avaient décrété un couvre-feu samedi matin pour<br />
r<strong>et</strong>rouver les assaillants qu'elles ont affirmé être <strong>de</strong>s membres du Parti <strong>de</strong>s<br />
travailleurs<br />
<strong>de</strong>puis août<br />
du Kurdistan<br />
1984.<br />
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA<br />
STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASlN ÖZETi<br />
Monday, December J3, J 993 turkish daily news<br />
TDN Exclusive<br />
'-<br />
Who runs the PKK?<br />
PKK to g<strong>et</strong> more<br />
vicious following<br />
,- . ~-!.'.<br />
~-<br />
",<br />
r-<br />
~.
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE lA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
TDN Exclusive.'<br />
PKK to g<strong>et</strong> more vicious<br />
.Öcalan and 'iimer circle' of three turn to more violence as<br />
. SELIM ÇÙRUKKAYA: Nom <strong>de</strong> guerre "TUki (Fox) Selim" is now missing.<br />
Formerly PKK comman<strong>de</strong>r in charge of all of Europe, he is said<br />
to have pock<strong>et</strong>ed large sums of money out of drug <strong>de</strong>als, He <strong>de</strong>fected<br />
from the organization and just when contacting the Turkish press<br />
to talk, disappeared. Reports are that he has been abducted and taken<br />
to Lebanon by the PKK for questioning.<br />
CEMIL BAYIK: The closest person to Ocalan within the whole of the<br />
.PKK is undoubtedly CemU BaYlk, nom <strong>de</strong> guerre Cuma (Friday). Ba-<br />
Ylk was formerly in charge of all PKK activities in and from Iraq and<br />
Iran. A PKK Central Committee member, BaYlk is ~.mong the foun<strong>de</strong>rs<br />
of the organization and has been tog<strong>et</strong>her with Ocalan since the<br />
mid 1980s. Currently, he too is based in Syria and Lebanon, but<br />
holds the titlé of M.i1itaryc::ouncil com~an<strong>de</strong>r.. ..<br />
By Ism<strong>et</strong> G.ims<strong>et</strong><br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- Recent operations<br />
launched against the outlawed<br />
Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)<br />
in Europe have <strong>de</strong>livered a serious<br />
blow to- the financial resources<br />
of this organization but<br />
will unavoidably strengthen the<br />
say of radical leadç,rs on its<br />
chairman Abdullah Ocalan. In<br />
the coming period, the PKK is<br />
expected to fall more and more<br />
un<strong>de</strong>r the influence of hard liners,<br />
CUIIently, three people other<br />
than Ocalan appear to have a ..<br />
dominant influence on organizational<br />
policies and two of them<br />
areJ>ased in ~urope. ,<br />
Ocalan's. nght handman IS<br />
i<strong>de</strong>ntified as Cemil BaYlk. Faysal<br />
Dumlayici, who is known by<br />
the co<strong>de</strong> name of Kani YIimaz,<br />
is in charge of all European activities:<br />
And the orgamzation's<br />
66<br />
spokesman for Europe is Ali Sapan.<br />
.Since May 1979, when he<br />
fled from Turkey to nearby Syria<br />
anQ.then m9ved on to Lebanon,<br />
Ocalan has appeared on the<br />
scene of violence as the sole<br />
lea<strong>de</strong>r of the PKK. He has a reputation<br />
for intolerance to any opposition<br />
and has reportedly so<br />
far or<strong>de</strong>red the execution of over<br />
25 of his comra<strong>de</strong>s. -- on the<br />
gf;Qun(f$' that (h((Y:~e{ë:c,Qnsjpir, ~<br />
log against his lea<strong>de</strong>rship.<br />
.Over the years;. hiS most<br />
wi<strong>de</strong>ly heard argument is that<br />
there is a U.S.-backed plan to<br />
solve Turkey's Kurdish problem<br />
with a PKK without him as the<br />
lea<strong>de</strong>r.<br />
,In the past two months,<br />
Öcalan has referred frequently to<br />
what he brands as "attem~ts to<br />
create a new lea<strong>de</strong>rship, and<br />
has warned his followers not to<br />
fall in.1inewith slol;Ch~'plo~."But<br />
Öcalan's sole control over the<br />
organization appears now to be<br />
no more than a window display<br />
which hé believes and others tolerate.<br />
According to observers who<br />
f~llow the org'lpization's actiyilies<br />
c1o~ely,Ocalan hasdlstanted<br />
himself from Turkish and<br />
regional realities mainly as a result<br />
of living out of the area for<br />
the past 14 years.<br />
Based in Syria ang Lebanon<br />
during thi~ period, Ocalan has<br />
en<strong>de</strong>d up not only losing his<br />
contact with realities but .also<br />
running the risks involved in<br />
taking <strong>de</strong>cisions based only on<br />
the second hand information<br />
which is provi<strong>de</strong>d to him. .<br />
Meanwhile, over the past 14<br />
years, the PKK. has expan<strong>de</strong>d<br />
both its numbers and its zones of<br />
action, with the influence on the<br />
organization of its grassroots<br />
and field command~rs increasing<br />
as well. ..<br />
One claim is now that Ocalan<br />
no longer fully controls his organization<br />
but that the organization<br />
is controlling him, and that<br />
the movement is currently <strong>de</strong>vouring<br />
its lea<strong>de</strong>r. Security offiçjals<br />
believe it is impossible for<br />
Ocalan alone, living ID a self-imposed<br />
exile in the Middle East,<br />
to be in a position to organize<br />
activities from Europe to Australia<br />
and from America to the<br />
Middle East. -<br />
Here, the crucial question fits<br />
into the. p,i,cture: Who are the<br />
closest to Ocalan and what kind<br />
of influence do they have on<br />
h ' ? .<br />
lm.<br />
The Inner Circle:<br />
Cemil BaYlk: .. .<br />
The closest person to Ocalan<br />
within the whole of the PKK is<br />
undoubtedly' Cemil BaYlk, nOm
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RNISTA<br />
STAMPA~DENTRO DE lA PRJë.NSA~BASlNÖZETi<br />
following Euro-crackdown<br />
PKK./eels pressure growinK<br />
Öcalan also goes through him.<br />
l:Jeis the one person, other than<br />
Ocalan's Syrian origin personal<br />
ai<strong>de</strong>, "Hamit", who sees the<br />
PKK lea<strong>de</strong>r on a daily basis. He<br />
is always with and close to<br />
Öcalan.<br />
When the PKK <strong>de</strong>clared its<br />
unilateral cease-fire last March,<br />
BaYlk was among the first to<br />
contest it saying that the <strong>de</strong>cision<br />
was untimely. When a PKK<br />
unit spoiled the cease-fire<br />
through a preemptive massacre<br />
in Bingöl, BaYIkwas the first to<br />
hear the news aQ.drelay it to his<br />
lea<strong>de</strong>r. Though Ocalan was misinformed<br />
that the 35 unarmed<br />
soldiers who were disembarked<br />
from a bus and killed were victims<br />
of a clash with a local PKK<br />
unit.<br />
All PKK regional comman<strong>de</strong>rs<br />
are attached to BaYIkas part<br />
of the so-called Kurdistan Peo<strong>de</strong><br />
guerre Cuma (Friday). BaYIk<br />
was formerly in charge of all<br />
PKK activities in and from Iraq<br />
and Iran.<br />
During the 1992 joint Turkish-Iraqi<br />
Kurdish crackdown on<br />
the PKK in northern Iraq, he had<br />
a back injury and was withdrawn<br />
to Damascus where --<br />
with the assistance of Syrian officials<br />
-- he was operated on and<br />
treated.<br />
BaYIk, a PKK Central Committee<br />
member, is among the<br />
foun<strong>de</strong>rs of the organization,<br />
and has been tog<strong>et</strong>her with<br />
Ocalan since the mid 1980s.<br />
Currently, he too is based in<br />
Syria and the Syrianocontrolled<br />
territories of Lebanon, but holds<br />
the title of Military Council<br />
comman<strong>de</strong>r.<br />
Every piec!; of information<br />
heading to Ocalan goes via<br />
BaYlk, and every "or<strong>de</strong>r" from<br />
pies' Liberation Army (ARGK),<br />
and he is directlr responsible for<br />
the organization s armed attacks.<br />
BaYIk, who now heads some<br />
10,000 militants in the whole of<br />
the region, often passes on or<strong>de</strong>rs<br />
using a sophjsticated wireless<br />
s<strong>et</strong>, which can reach out into<br />
the <strong>de</strong>pths of Turkish territory,<br />
or .by using a normal telephone<br />
with co<strong>de</strong> words. After the or<strong>de</strong>rs<br />
are passed, carrying them<br />
out is up to the regional comman<strong>de</strong>rs.<br />
RIza Altun:<br />
Most of the time, a second<br />
person, RIza Altun, is placed in<br />
charge of the technical aspect of<br />
communications. If BaYlk is at a<br />
distance from the wireless s<strong>et</strong> --<br />
if for instance it is in Lebanon<br />
but the comman<strong>de</strong>r himself is in<br />
Syria _: or<strong>de</strong>rs are relayed<br />
through Altun. "<br />
BaYlk systematically <strong>de</strong>nies<br />
he is a PKK hard-liner, but both<br />
Iraqi Kurdish lea<strong>de</strong>rs and security<br />
officials in Ankara challenge<br />
this <strong>de</strong>nial. For them, BaYlk is a<br />
leading hard-liner within the organization.<br />
Altun, who has spent seven<br />
out of his nine years in prison<br />
trapped in a dark confinement<br />
cell, is also a hard-liner and is<br />
less inclined to <strong>de</strong>ny it. He was<br />
reportedly tortured for over a<br />
year while un<strong>de</strong>r <strong>de</strong>tention in<br />
Diyarbalar in the 1980s, and, after<br />
his release from prison last<br />
year along with Mustafa Karasu,<br />
was "taken out of the country by<br />
the organization. In r<strong>et</strong>urn for<br />
his "commendable resistance"<br />
while in jail, Altun was named<br />
as a Central Committee member,<br />
a position he currently holds.<br />
Semdin Saluk:<br />
Another crucial link that<br />
BaYIk has is his direct relationship<br />
with. the PKK's regional<br />
comman<strong>de</strong>r in charge of the<br />
Amed, or greater DiyarbakIr region,<br />
~emdin Salak. The massacre<br />
of off-duty soldiers in Bingöl<br />
last May \ which en<strong>de</strong>d' the<br />
cease-fire, was carried out by a<br />
unit attached to Salak, who is di-<br />
KANI YILMAZ: The next closest person to Ocalan after BaYlk is Kani<br />
Yllmaz, a Central Committee member of the organization who is now<br />
portrayed as the European representative of the PKK's Peoples' Liberation<br />
Front (ERNK). Despite the title he uses in Europe, apparently<br />
<strong>de</strong>signed ~o allow him to stay there without legal tangles, YIImaz<br />
is actually Öcalan's "political advisor," a person very close to the<br />
PKK lea<strong>de</strong>r who has much influence and say on major policy issues.<br />
ALI SAPAN: Along with Akif Hasan, Sapan is part of the superstructure<br />
in Europe and <strong>de</strong>spite his legal title as "ERNK spokesman" he is<br />
a known member of the Central Committee. He too has great influence<br />
on Ocalan and is expected to have further say on organizational<br />
affairs in the future. He is said to be the third key name in the inner<br />
circle which is really controlling the PKK. He has a major role in<br />
PKK propaganda activities as well.<br />
67
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RIVISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
rectly responsible to BaYlk.<br />
SakIk was the first comman<strong>de</strong>r<br />
within Turkish territory to<br />
challenge Ocalan"s <strong>de</strong>cision for<br />
peace earlier this year, and even<br />
before the Bingoi massa
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Kaya: DEP isn't PKK<br />
Greek <strong>de</strong>puties at convention back Kurdish 'struggle'<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- Pro-Kurdish Democracy Party (DEP) former<br />
chairman Ya~ar Kaya said on Sunday that his party w~s<br />
neither an or~an of, nor a <strong>de</strong>puty for, the outlawed KurdIstan<br />
Workers Party (PKK). Addressing the first extraordinary<br />
convention of the party, during which a new executive<br />
board and chairman were to be elected, Kaya noted<br />
that the PKK had opted for armed struggle whereas his<br />
~arty had chosen to carry out its struggle along <strong>de</strong>mocratic<br />
Jines.<br />
"To confuse the two would be political blindness," he<br />
said. Deputies of Greek p?litical parties, who atten<strong>de</strong>d the<br />
conventIon as guests, saId they backed the Kurdish struggle,<br />
alleging that "Greek public opinion was with the<br />
Kurds." Security was tight at the convention. Delegates<br />
and party members were admitted into Atatürk Sports Pavilion,<br />
which had been temporarily converted into a convention<br />
hall, only after police searched them for weapons.<br />
Huge paintings of Kaya and mur<strong>de</strong>redDEP <strong>de</strong>puty Mehm<strong>et</strong><br />
Smear <strong>de</strong>corated the hall. The Turkish flag was hung<br />
si<strong>de</strong> by si<strong>de</strong> with the DEP banner. A placard read, "First<br />
the municipalities, then the government." The crowd at the<br />
convention hall were asked to shout no slogans other than<br />
those <strong>de</strong>termined by the party beforehand. The national<br />
anthem was not sung. A minute's silence was observed for<br />
the "martyrs." The crowd, meanwhile, shouted "Biji Kurdistan,"<br />
meaning "Long live Kurdistan!"<br />
The candidates, Adiyaman <strong>de</strong>puty Mehmut Kilinc,<br />
Diyarbaku <strong>de</strong>puty Hatip Dicle, anClthe party's Secr<strong>et</strong>ary<br />
General tbrahlm Aksoy, entered the conventIOn hall hand<br />
in hand. Later on DEP lea<strong>de</strong>r Y~ar Kaya entered the hall,<br />
accompanied by DiyarbaJor <strong>de</strong>puty Leyla lana.<br />
"A military solution is no solution"<br />
Addressing the convention, Kaya said ther, were representatives,<br />
elected by the will.of the ~ople. 'They cannot<br />
force us out of here even with guns, he said, adding that<br />
they were the,"real owners of the country, having lived ori<br />
the land for six thousand years."<br />
"You are the members of a party whose language, funerals,<br />
i<strong>de</strong>ntity are all banned. You are the members of a party<br />
that they want annihilated. But it won't be possible to<br />
<strong>de</strong>stroy us. The DEP believes that the Kurdish question<br />
can be solved through a political solution based on the<br />
brotherhood and equality of the two peoples. While no<br />
other party had a solution offer, we had our own prescription.<br />
Now they're followina in our steps. Y<strong>et</strong> the Kurdish<br />
question has been in existe~ce for 70 years and has caught<br />
unawares those that <strong>de</strong>nied its existence for all this time," he<br />
said.<br />
~~a said armed attacks, formerlyon People's Labor P!ll'-<br />
ty (HEP) members, and now on DEP members, were continuing,<br />
addin a that none of the perp<strong>et</strong>rators, including the<br />
mur<strong>de</strong>rers 0 f .Mehm<strong>et</strong>.S~n~ar,had as y<strong>et</strong> been caught.<br />
"The KurdIsh questIOI1lsnot one of backwardness or terrorism.<br />
It is one of i<strong>de</strong>ntity and has taken on dimensions that<br />
cannot be si<strong>de</strong>lined any more. If a military solution and a<br />
policy of <strong>de</strong>nial were the panacea, the question would have<br />
been solved long ago.<br />
But it has become clear that a holocaust is no solution.<br />
Now the PKK has been put forward as an excuse to ignore<br />
the problem. We're not separatists, we're unionists. We want<br />
to contribute to the integnty of this country with our i<strong>de</strong>ntity,"<br />
Kaya maintained.<br />
"We're no organ orthe PKK"<br />
The DEP chainnan said that just as the DEP was no organ<br />
of the PKK, so the PKK was no part of the DEP. He said the<br />
PKK was a "party" with its army and national front. "As for<br />
the ~EP," he said, "it is a party that consi<strong>de</strong>rs the Kurdish<br />
questIOnthe greatest barrier to <strong>de</strong>mocratization; a <strong>de</strong>mocratic<br />
p,arty with Its own organization and program."<br />
We want to solve the Kurdish question with the territorial<br />
integrity of the country intact. Therefore we're being tried<br />
by the State Security Court (DGM)," he argued..<br />
"The PKK has been waging lUlned struggle. But the DEP<br />
is striving for a <strong>de</strong>mocratic solution. The PKK doesn't need<br />
this. And we're no organ nor a <strong>de</strong>puty of the PKK. The two<br />
are different parties. To confuse the two would be political<br />
blindness. We <strong>de</strong>mand total equality. and we're ready to sacrifice<br />
our lives for it. We're sick and tired of 70 years of<br />
pressure and exile. There's no use in forcing us to adopt other<br />
measures. What we've been doing has nothing to cfowith<br />
armed terrorist activity," he said.<br />
"We're the champion of a <strong>de</strong>mocracy without exceptions,"<br />
Ka~a ad<strong>de</strong>d.<br />
, The Kurdish qutstion is not<br />
contingent on tile PKK"<br />
Kaya said that for a solution to be found to the Kurdish<br />
questIOn the issue must be <strong>de</strong>bated. "Y<strong>et</strong> such <strong>de</strong>bate is not<br />
possible un<strong>de</strong>r the anti-terrorism law. You just cannot <strong>de</strong>-<br />
~ate the issue w!tho.utthe participatio~ of Kurds. The.~ebate<br />
ISb<strong>et</strong>ween Turkish Journalists and wnters. When we Jom the<br />
<strong>de</strong>bate, it's consi<strong>de</strong>red a crime," he claimed.<br />
Kaya argued that to create the impression that Kurds rebelled<br />
agamst the state although they were given all <strong>de</strong>mocratic<br />
rights was mistaken.<br />
"The PKK is a result of the Kurdish question remaining<br />
unsolved for 70 years. And y<strong>et</strong> the question is not contingent<br />
on the PKK, either. Such distortion of the truth must be<br />
stopped," he said.<br />
He claimed that threats to lift the parliamentary immunity<br />
of DEP <strong>de</strong>puties were hanging like the sword of Damocles<br />
over their neads.<br />
"But we're only trying to effect a <strong>de</strong>mocratic solution to<br />
the Kurdish problem," he ad<strong>de</strong>d.<br />
Kaya listed their suggestions for the solution of the problem<br />
as follows:<br />
"First we <strong>de</strong>mand the constitutional recognition of the<br />
Kurdish i<strong>de</strong>ntity. That inclu<strong>de</strong>s Kurdish broadcasts and curricula.<br />
Second, the people of the region must be freed from<br />
pressure. .<br />
Emergency' rule must be lifted, the system of employing<br />
state-paid VIllage guards must be abolIshed. The counterguemlla<br />
and special teams must be withdrawn, torched villages<br />
must be rebuilt. Lastly. an amnesty must be <strong>de</strong>creed.<br />
Kurdish politicians i~ exile m~~t be al~owed to r<strong>et</strong>urn to<br />
Turkey and s<strong>et</strong> up theIr own politJcal partIes. But claims that<br />
Kurds are guilty of subversion are put forward to <strong>de</strong>ny them<br />
Such rights.<br />
We want to contribute to peace. So we want dialogue to<br />
start. But it shouldn't be forgotten that peace is not possible<br />
without Kurds bein$ granted their rights."<br />
"Backyard neighbors •••"<br />
Kaya said an unacknowledged war was raging in the<br />
Southeast, adding that they regar<strong>de</strong>d all those killed in action<br />
as their "own children."<br />
. He <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>d another cease-rue in or<strong>de</strong>r to l<strong>et</strong> people live<br />
ID peace.<br />
69
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70<br />
ftMeans must be sought for another cease-fire. Were<br />
backyard neiohbors with both the PKK and the state. When<br />
these two po~ers start fi¥.hting,bombs fall on us. That's why<br />
we want peace. And we 11si<strong>de</strong> with whoever takes the first<br />
step towards I:>eace,"he ad<strong>de</strong>d. . .<br />
Kaya said they wanted.~e local electIOns of March 1994<br />
held un<strong>de</strong>r peaceful conditions..<br />
"We want the real candidates of our people to g<strong>et</strong> elected.<br />
To ensure voters' saf<strong>et</strong>y, we'll do whatever is required of<br />
us," he said. .<br />
"The solution is freedom, <strong>de</strong>mocracy, and the brotherhood<br />
of R;0ples," he conclu<strong>de</strong>d.<br />
Greek <strong>de</strong>putiès on the pulpit"<br />
Following Kara's speech, the presente was announced of<br />
a Greek <strong>de</strong>legatIOn comprised of ~eputies çf PASOK, the<br />
New Democracy Party, and the Political Spnng Party at the<br />
convention hall. Later on, PASOK <strong>de</strong>puty Kostas Batulas<br />
was called on to <strong>de</strong>liver a speech. .<br />
Batulas started his speech by wishing success, on behalf<br />
of the Greek Parliament, to "the heroic struggle of the Kurdish<br />
people, the DEP conventioll and the Kurdish people."<br />
Clanrung that all international institutions <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>d the<br />
right of self-<strong>de</strong>termination accor<strong>de</strong>d to nations, he said human<br />
rights must also be proteCted, adding "May God help<br />
you." Eleni Leonditis, representative of the International<br />
Struggle for the Rights and Freedoms of Peoples, said her<br />
orgamzation supported the "holy struggle of the Kurdish<br />
people for self-<strong>de</strong>termination."<br />
"Today Kurds are livin:gun<strong>de</strong>r the sword of war and violence.<br />
Kurdish villages remind one of war-torn areas. Innocen~'people<br />
are being killed, tortured. We receive such in~ormatlon<br />
every day. Therefore we're going to start a campalOn<br />
for political and financial support for the Kurdish peopfe.<br />
L<strong>et</strong> It be known that Greek public opinion is with the Kurds.<br />
My friends, we know that your struggle is for the rights of<br />
your people. Your cadres are being mur<strong>de</strong>red, we know that,<br />
too.We respect and admire the Kurdish people's struggle,<br />
and extend our support for its continuance," Leonditis ad<strong>de</strong>d<br />
Ḟollowing speeches by the Greek guests, DEP <strong>de</strong>puties<br />
and <strong>de</strong>legates took the floor.<br />
~EP <strong>de</strong>puty Zübeyir Aydar claimed that the case lodged<br />
agalllst the DEP at the Constitutional Court was an attempt<br />
to r,revent the I?EP from entering the local elections.<br />
If the DEP ISbarred from the elections they will not be<br />
true elections. And those elected cannot ru~ the country," he<br />
alleged.<br />
'.<br />
Meanwhile, ~ gr~,upstarted shouting "Kurdistan shall be a<br />
grave for FaSCism. They were later silenced by the memo<br />
bers of the party council.<br />
The crowd started shoutino "Martyrs don't die" when the<br />
presence at the convention hall of Cihan Sincar, wife of<br />
mur<strong>de</strong>red DEP <strong>de</strong>puty Mehm<strong>et</strong> Sincar was announced.<br />
Later on, a children's choir, the el<strong>de</strong>st only 9 and 10 years<br />
old, sang Kurdish songs. They wore bandannas painted in<br />
yellow, red, and green, the colors of the PKK.<br />
Police bust daily Özgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m<br />
• Police raid offices, <strong>de</strong>tain over 100 staffers<br />
• Minister Saglar con<strong>de</strong>mns 'violation of press freedom'<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
. ANKARA- Police acting un<strong>de</strong>r or<strong>de</strong>rs from State Security<br />
Courts this weekend launched Turkey's s~rongestc.rackdown<br />
ever on a Turkish newspape~ a~d "aJ~ed offices of<br />
the pro-Kurdi~h Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>~ dally III v~o~s cities.<br />
'The operatIOnstarted on Fnday with a raid on the Istanbul<br />
headquarters of the newspaper, during which 110 people,<br />
mostly journalists and printing house workers, were<br />
o<strong>et</strong>ained. A statement from the court claimed it '.:1 ..:3 j ~j.:-.<br />
ing into claims that Özgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m executives ,weremembers<br />
of the outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and<br />
SOIlJ.ehad even gone through guerilla training. .<br />
Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m offices in tzmir, Adana, Mersin and<br />
Batman provinces were rai<strong>de</strong>d on Saturday.<br />
The newspaper's owner, Ya~ar Kaya, said on Sunday he<br />
would <strong>de</strong>mand compensation for what he called "billions<br />
of liras of losses" and pointed out that such an operation<br />
had not even been witnessed in Franco's Spain or Hitler's<br />
Germany. . . .<br />
"They are trying to silence the press in Turkey," he said.<br />
"But I will make them pay for this. I will teach them a lesson.<br />
If <strong>de</strong>mocracy is to be saved this way in Turkey, I want<br />
them to open fire on me as weiL" Kaya said he would apply<br />
to the COl!rtsfor..compensa~ion and <strong>de</strong>scribeq tj1eo~raliGnLiS"a<br />
fiasco." Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m could nOtbe printed in<br />
full o~ Saturday except f~r an eight-page paper dis!ribut~<br />
. only III the southern provlllées of Adana and MerSIn. This<br />
was before the Adana office was rai<strong>de</strong>d. The newspaper<br />
did not appear on Sunday. Asked to comment on the re~' .<br />
cent operation, Interior Minister Nahit Mente~e said the<br />
police had merely complied with an or<strong>de</strong>r from the Istanbul<br />
State Security Court (DGM) but refused to elaborate. .<br />
In a written statement, the Istanbul DGM said two handguns,<br />
gas masks, i<strong>de</strong>ntity cards of soldiers killed by the<br />
PKK, PKK vouchers worth TL 400 million, documents con-<br />
~ai.ningPKK propaganda, and medical aid supplies had been<br />
.selZed. . .<br />
Kaya èlaimed a day later that the search had achieved<br />
nothing. The DGM statement also claimed that PKK mem~<br />
bers captured by security forces had testified that the newspaper's<br />
employees maintained an organic connection with<br />
the PKK.<br />
Police on Sunday exhibited two unlicenced guns, six bull<strong>et</strong>s<br />
and 400 million lira worth of bills bearing the stamp of'<br />
~hePKK'.spopular front, ERNK..They also showed journal-<br />
IStSa van<strong>et</strong>y of backpacks, sleepmg bags and documentation<br />
w~ch they said proved the paper had links with the organizatIOn.<br />
Reaction:<br />
¥eanwhile, there ~as been stro~g reaction ag~nst the operation.<br />
The InternatIOnal Fe<strong>de</strong>ration of Journalists (IFJ) ISsued<br />
a strongly-wor<strong>de</strong>d con<strong>de</strong>mnation on Saturday.<br />
. . "The Turkish government appears to have no respect for<br />
its own laws," said IFJ General Secr<strong>et</strong>ary Aidan White.<br />
"Justification for.the ban of Özgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m has not been<br />
ma<strong>de</strong> public and no authorities in the government respon<strong>de</strong>d<br />
to requests by journalists for information about the ban on<br />
thepaper," White ad<strong>de</strong>d."<br />
Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m had been regularly harassed by the Turkish<br />
authorities, the IFJ sâid, adding that 10 journalists work~<br />
ing for the paper had been killed and many more <strong>de</strong>tained.<br />
The IFJ said it saw the banning of the Turkish newspaper as<br />
P.artof a ge~era~ increase i~ attacks. on freedom of expressIOnby<br />
all Si<strong>de</strong>sIII the Kurdish confliCt.<br />
"VIOlationshave inclu<strong>de</strong>d the killing of journalists, new~paper<br />
v~ndors and media workers and the expulsion of media<br />
from the southeast of the country," the IFJ said. .<br />
CultureMini~ter fikri Saglar said, on the other hand, that.
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVlEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA<br />
STAMPA-DENTRO DE lA PRENSA-BASlN ÖZETi<br />
he was against all action aiming tt;?suppress the treedom of<br />
the press. "What has happened to Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m could happen<br />
to any other paper,' he ad<strong>de</strong>d.<br />
People's Republican Party (CH.P) lead~~ Deniz B.aykal,<br />
Democratic Left Party (DSP) Chalfman Bulent Ecevlt, Socialist<br />
Union Party (SBP) lea<strong>de</strong>r S.adunAren and DEP <strong>de</strong>puties<br />
have also <strong>de</strong>nounced the banmng of Ozgur Gun<strong>de</strong>m.<br />
Meanwhile, Mustafa ~~ekçi, presi<strong>de</strong>nt of t~e Contemporary<br />
Journalists' A~soclatiOn.(~GD), and Ne~rru Tanyola),<br />
presi<strong>de</strong>nt of the Turkish AssociatiOn of Journalists, both said<br />
the move was unaccep~able. Turkey's Press Counci.1Ch~irman<br />
Oktay Ek~i sent a message to the DGM expressmg similar<br />
views.<br />
"We <strong>de</strong>mand the immediate release of the <strong>de</strong>tainees," Ekmekci<br />
said.<br />
. "We call upon all constitutional institutions to respect the<br />
freedom of the press," Tanyolac said.<br />
Turkey's Human Rights Association (!HO), the CGD Istanbul<br />
office, Cukurova Journalists' Association and a large<br />
number of leftist or pro-Kurdish magazines have all <strong>de</strong>nounced<br />
the action. The newspaper, seen as a mouthpiece<br />
for the PKK, has been banned several times.<br />
Last month, the Istanbul DGM twice or<strong>de</strong>red closure of<br />
Özgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m for 15 d~ys for publishing an interview with<br />
PKK lea<strong>de</strong>r Abdullah Ocalan and other items consi<strong>de</strong>red<br />
sympath<strong>et</strong>ic to the Kurdish insurgency. Özgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m continued<br />
publishing pending Ii <strong>de</strong>cision by the appeals court.<br />
\. L P - \~l'l1ll' 1I.111ll' PI'l"'l'- \.1. P - \~l'l1ll'II',l1ll'l'Pll'''l'- \. L P - \~l'l1ll'l LIIll'l' PI'l'W'- \.1: I~ - \~l'Ill'l' 11.111l'l' Pn'w' -,\. E P.<br />
FRA0566 4 l 0184 FRA /AFP-D036<br />
F~'ance- It'ah<br />
El
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA<br />
~~llItltnltiO".1<br />
SECTION FRANÇAISE<br />
SERVICE DES. ACTIONS URGENTES<br />
66, RUE P"'RG"'MINI~ÙS<br />
3 1 0'0 0 Tou l 0 USE<br />
TtLtPHONE : 61 23 53 73<br />
TeLtcoPiE : 61 23 53 90<br />
./~.<br />
STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
EXTERNE<br />
EU R 44/120/93<br />
AVERTISSEMENT: "Amnesty International défend <strong>de</strong>s individus, sans prendre position sur leurs idées ni sur les organisations<br />
auxquelles ilspouf(aient adhérer"<br />
EXTRA 105/93<br />
TURQUIE:<br />
Personnel du Journal Özgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m<br />
p' 'U' ... ~,~ '.. '.<br />
UR, l-,i i- O'~r,'1 •...<br />
CRAINTE DE i'ORrÛRE'<br />
à Istanbul :. GOrb<strong>et</strong>eIlI Ersöz,' rédactrice-en-chef; Fahrl Ferda C<strong>et</strong>ln, rédacteur; GOlten<br />
Klsanak,'Té~actrice <strong>de</strong> l'information; -journalistes : MOslOm VOeel, Mahmut Dogan, Fehrat Tuga<br />
Vurdusev Ozsökmenler <strong>et</strong> Nursei. Polat (f); Dogan Güzel,<strong>de</strong>ssinateur; <strong>de</strong>ux administrateurs: Ali<br />
Rlza Halls <strong>et</strong> Mehm<strong>et</strong> Balamlr; DOzgün Deniz, directeur <strong>de</strong>s archivesFaysal Dagll, directeur du<br />
bureau <strong>de</strong>s recherches; Mueahlr Kuas, comptable; Hüseyln Solgun; Mehtap GOrbüz, sous-rédacteur<br />
Ali Seyhan, cuisinier; Sems<strong>et</strong>tlnEcevlt,' .-chauffeur<br />
à Diyarbakir : Hasan Özgün, repré$entant pour Diyarbakir; journalistes : Slraç Koç, Neemlye<br />
Asian (f), Mehm<strong>et</strong> Sah Vlldlz, Nuray Tekdag (f) <strong>et</strong> Bltan Onen;<br />
à Izmir.:. Sezal Karakoç, représentant pour Izmir; Rlza Zingal, rédacteur <strong>de</strong> l'information; quatre<br />
journalistes : Serdar Cayçloglu, Namlk Alkan, Emin Ünay <strong>et</strong> Ciller Vesil; Leyla Akgül<br />
secrétaire; <strong>et</strong> 29 autres personnes;<br />
à Adana: Hael C<strong>et</strong>lnkaya, représentant pour Adana; quatre journalistes :Sükrü Kaplan, Ihsan<br />
Kurt, Asian Saraç <strong>et</strong> Beyhan GOnyell;<br />
à Elazlg : Cenglz Tas, représentant pour Elazig; journalistes : Menaf Avel <strong>et</strong> Valçln Sevi ne <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux<br />
autres personnes;<br />
à Batman : Sallh Dlnç<br />
à Mardin : Rezzan Günes(f)<br />
à Van:<br />
au moins cinq personnes<br />
à Antep : <strong>de</strong>ux<br />
personnes<br />
. "' .<br />
.~-----------------------------------------------------.-------~------------~-<br />
Londres, le 13 décembre 1993<br />
Amnesty International craint que les personnes mentionnées ne soient interrogées sous la torture. Elles ont<br />
été arrêtées lors d'opérations <strong>de</strong> police à l'échelon .national contre le journal pro-kur<strong>de</strong> Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m.<br />
Plus <strong>de</strong> 150 personnes travaillant pour le journal ont été arrêtées lors <strong>de</strong> ces opérations qui ont débuté à<br />
Diyarbakir le 9 décembre <strong>et</strong> ont culminé au cours par une <strong>de</strong>scente au bureau principal du journal à<br />
Istanbul, le 10 décembre, journée <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme, au cours <strong>de</strong> laquella environ 110 personnes ont été<br />
arrêtées <strong>et</strong> du matériel, comprenant <strong>de</strong>s archives <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s disqu<strong>et</strong>tes informatiques., confisqué. Dans la matinée<br />
<strong>de</strong> ce même jour, le journal avait publié sur sa première page <strong>de</strong>s extraits <strong>de</strong> la Déclaration Universelle <strong>de</strong>s<br />
droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme <strong>de</strong>s Nations-Unies. Quelque 200 policiers auraient investi le bureau principal, fouillé 24<br />
heures durant les locaux <strong>et</strong> contrôlé le système informatique, arrêtant tous ceux qui se trouvaient présents <strong>et</strong><br />
les emmenant au commissariat d'Istanbul. Dans la soirée du 11 décembre, tous sauf 18 ont été libérés.<br />
Selon une déclaration émanant <strong>de</strong>s services du procureur <strong>de</strong> la Cour <strong>de</strong> sOr<strong>et</strong>é <strong>de</strong> l'Etat, <strong>de</strong>s revolvers, <strong>de</strong>s<br />
balles, <strong>de</strong>s masques à gaz <strong>et</strong> quelques documents relatifs au"Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs kur<strong>de</strong>s (PKK), en conflit<br />
armé avec le gouvernement, ont été r<strong>et</strong>rouvés lors '<strong>de</strong> l'opération. Un <strong>de</strong>s avocats du journal a plus tard<br />
72
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RlVISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />
confirmé que <strong>de</strong>ux revolvers, 25 masques à gaz <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux sacs <strong>de</strong> couchage avaient été découverts dans le<br />
bâtiment. Il a déclaré qu'Ali Riza Halis avait reconnu être le possesseur <strong>de</strong>s revolvers <strong>et</strong> que les masques à gaz<br />
<strong>de</strong>vaient être envoyés dans les locaux du journal à Diyarbakir, car celui se trouvant au sous-sol, on craignait<br />
l'éventualité d'un sabotage.<br />
Le samedi 11 décembre, les locaux du journal à Izmir, Adana, Elazig, Batman, Mardin, Antep <strong>et</strong> Van ont été<br />
fouillés <strong>et</strong> leurs correspondants <strong>et</strong> le personnel arrêtés. Personne ne se trouvait dans les locaux <strong>de</strong> Mardin<br />
lorsque la police s'y est rendue, mais un membre du personnel, Rezzan Günes a été arrêtée lorsque la police a<br />
investi son domicile. On ignore si certains <strong>de</strong> ces détenus ont été libérés. Ceux qui sont détenus à Diyarbakir,<br />
Batman, Mardin <strong>et</strong> Van peuvent l'être jusqu'à 30 jours, selon la législation d'état d'urgence en vigueur dans<br />
ces provinces.<br />
INFORMATIONS GENERALES<br />
Özgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m est le seul quotidien kur<strong>de</strong> en Turquie. Il est né en mai 1992 <strong>et</strong> c'est le seul journal qui a<br />
.constamment fait état <strong>de</strong>s violations <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme dans les provinces placées sous l'état d'urgence. La<br />
Cour <strong>de</strong> sûr<strong>et</strong>é <strong>de</strong> l'Etat d'Istanbul a cherché à clore définitivement le journal en l'accusant <strong>de</strong> propagan<strong>de</strong><br />
séparatiste <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> soutien envers le Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs kur<strong>de</strong>s (PKK) hors-la-loi. Depuis les 18 mois <strong>de</strong><br />
son existence, neuf <strong>de</strong> ses journalistes <strong>et</strong> onze personnes distribuant <strong>et</strong> vendant le journal ont été assassinées<br />
dans <strong>de</strong>s circonstances qui <strong>de</strong>meurent non éclaircies. Nombre <strong>de</strong> ses correspondants <strong>et</strong> rédacteurs ont été<br />
arrêtés <strong>et</strong> torturés.<br />
ACTION RECOMMANDEE : télégramme/télex/télécople/aérogramme/l<strong>et</strong>tre par avion :<br />
- exprimez votre inquiétu<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>vant l'opération policière, menée dans toute la Turquie, contre le journal<br />
Özgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m;<br />
- <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>z <strong>de</strong>s garanties pour que les correspondants <strong>et</strong> le personnel qui sont toujours en détention ne soient<br />
pas torturés ou maltraités;<br />
- <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>z à être informé <strong>de</strong>s charges r<strong>et</strong>enues contre ces personnes <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s preuves qui les ont motivées.<br />
APPELS A:<br />
11 ( Premier Ministre)<br />
Prime Minister Mrs Tansu Ciller<br />
Office of the Prime Minister<br />
Basbakanlik<br />
06573 Ankara, TURQUIE<br />
Télégrammes : Prime Minister, Ankara<br />
TURQUIE<br />
Télex: 44061/44062/44063 bbmt tr<br />
42099 basb tr<br />
42875 bbk tr<br />
Fax (90) 44 17 04 76<br />
(90) 42 30 88 96<br />
COPIES A:<br />
2/ (Ministre <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur)<br />
Mr Nahit Mentese<br />
lçisleri Bakanligi<br />
Ankara, TURQUIE<br />
Télégrammes : Interior Minister,<br />
Ankara, TURQUIE<br />
Fax: 90 312 428 4346<br />
31 (Ministre <strong>de</strong> la Justice)<br />
Mr. Seyfi Oktay<br />
Ministry of Justice<br />
Adal<strong>et</strong> Bakanligi<br />
06659 Ankara, TURQUIE<br />
Télégrammes : Adal<strong>et</strong> Bakanligi,<br />
Ankara, TURQUIE<br />
Fax: (90) 312 425 40 66<br />
Ambassa<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Turquie dans votre pays:<br />
Pour la France,<br />
16 avenue <strong>de</strong> Lamballe 75016 PARIS<br />
SVP, PRléRE D'INTERVENIR IMMEDIATEMENT. SI VOUS RECEVIEZ CET APPEL AVEC RETARD,<br />
NE PLUS INTERVENIR APRES LE 8 JANVIER 1994 • MERCI.<br />
73
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REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ~RNISTA<br />
Libération<br />
<strong>de</strong> Nourétine Erol:<br />
le CAF AR poursuit<br />
la lutte<br />
Le CAFAR, après la libération<br />
<strong>de</strong>s KUT.<strong>de</strong>semprisonnés<br />
suite à la r~cente rafle communique:<br />
«Nourétine Erol a<br />
été, libéré, c'est un premier<br />
'succès, conséquence <strong>de</strong> la<br />
mobilisation <strong>de</strong> ces <strong>de</strong>rnières<br />
Z ,semaines. Mais c<strong>et</strong>te liberté<br />
< est provisoire <strong>et</strong> d'autres Kur-<br />
U <strong>de</strong>s sont encore emprisonnés<br />
- pour délit d'opinion.<br />
.J La politique <strong>de</strong> Pasqua vise<br />
III à insécuriser la population<br />
:J étrangère, à rassurer l'extrê,<br />
a. me-droite, c'est une atteinte<br />
'i.LI aux libertés démocratiques.<br />
0:: Le CAFAR continuera réso-<br />
I- Iument à lutter contre c<strong>et</strong>te<br />
l/) politique discrimiiJatoire <strong>et</strong><br />
W<br />
exige la libération <strong>de</strong> tous les<br />
prisonniers"d'opinion >I.<br />
STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />
.Campa2De en<br />
'faveur du peuple kur<strong>de</strong><br />
LES Kur<strong>de</strong>s existent,<br />
~( parlons-en! » C'est<br />
" le titre <strong>de</strong> la campagne<br />
<strong>d'information</strong> lancée la semaine<br />
<strong>de</strong>rnière au siège <strong>de</strong> la,<br />
CIMADE à <strong>Paris</strong> par neuf organisations<br />
non gouvernementales<br />
(I). Une campagne prévue<br />
<strong>de</strong>puis plus <strong>de</strong> six mois, comme<br />
<strong>de</strong>vait le préciser GenevièveJacques,<br />
secrétaire générale <strong>de</strong> la<br />
CIMADE, <strong>et</strong> dont la date <strong>de</strong><br />
lancement tombe par hasard en<br />
pleine actualité, après la rafle,<br />
anti-kur<strong>de</strong> du 18 novembre en<br />
France, l'interdiction <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux<br />
associations <strong>et</strong> la grève <strong>de</strong> la<br />
faim menée par plusieurs dizaines<br />
<strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s dans plusieurs<br />
r------:---~--'---:__:_;:_-;:;;::;:;;::-;~;;-;:-~~<br />
villes <strong>de</strong> France, pour la libéralA<br />
lETTRE D'EXPANSION - 13 DÉCEMBRE 1993 tion <strong>de</strong> leurs 20 camara<strong>de</strong>s emprisonnés.<br />
LES SERVICES SECRETS occI<strong>de</strong>ntaux<br />
redoutent une prise en composantes <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> sensibiliser<br />
Il s'agit <strong>de</strong> faire connaître le<br />
peuple kur<strong>de</strong> dans toutes ses<br />
.main par les militaires <strong>de</strong> la situation<br />
politique en Turquie, OÙ'<br />
l'opinion publique à une situa~<br />
tion qui, note Geneviève Jacques,<br />
« s'est aggravée ces <strong>de</strong>rniers<br />
mois dans les quatre pays,<br />
le pouvoir politique a déclaré une<br />
guerre sans quartier aux Kur<strong>de</strong>S, Syrie, Irak, Iran <strong>et</strong> Turquie, où<br />
pour détourner l'attention <strong>de</strong>s ce peuple est dispersé».<br />
Daniel Jacoby, prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong><br />
problèmes quotidiens.<br />
la Fédération internationale <strong>de</strong>s<br />
ligues <strong>de</strong> droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme, dé-<br />
t'aille la situatrlm c œs Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
dans chacun <strong>de</strong> ces pays - négation<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'i<strong>de</strong>ntité kur<strong>de</strong> en<br />
Syrie, tentative <strong>de</strong> génoci<strong>de</strong> en<br />
Irak <strong>et</strong> en Iran (dont l'aviation<br />
bombar<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>puis <strong>de</strong>s mois le<br />
Kurdistan d'Irak). Il rappelle<br />
que les servicesspéciaux iraniens<br />
assassinent en toute impunité,<br />
<strong>de</strong>puis <strong>de</strong>s années, les dirigeants<br />
du PDKI en Europè. « Mais,<br />
ajoute-t-il, la situation la plus<br />
préoccupante est aujourd'hui<br />
celle du Kurdistan <strong>de</strong> Turquie<br />
où, sous prétexte <strong>de</strong> lutte contre<br />
le PKK, le gouvernement utilise<br />
les grands moyenscontre le peuple<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>. Or, la Turquie bénéficie<br />
<strong>de</strong> complaisances oçci<strong>de</strong>ntales<br />
inacceptables pour <strong>de</strong>s<br />
raisons économiques. » Il cite<br />
un appel <strong>de</strong> l'association Avocats<br />
sans frontières après l'arrestation,<br />
le 13 novembre, <strong>de</strong><br />
16 avocats <strong>de</strong>s barreaux <strong>de</strong><br />
Dyarbakir <strong>et</strong> d'Istanbul défendant<br />
<strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s, Depuis, ils<br />
sont au secr<strong>et</strong> malgré les interventions<br />
du prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong>s barreaux<br />
<strong>de</strong> Turquie.<br />
Jacques Picard, <strong>de</strong> Maison du<br />
mon<strong>de</strong>, donne <strong>de</strong>s détails sur la<br />
campagne : « Nos principaux<br />
objectifs sont la création d'un<br />
L'HUMANITÉ<br />
13 DÉCEMBRE 1993<br />
groupe d'étu<strong>de</strong>s concernant la<br />
question kur<strong>de</strong> à l'Assemblée<br />
nationale <strong>et</strong> l'envoi d'un observateur<br />
<strong>de</strong>s Nations unies au<br />
Kurdistan <strong>de</strong> Turquie. Nous<br />
voulons aussi qu'une clause soit<br />
ajoutée à la vente d'hélicoptères<br />
Cougar (2) par <strong>Paris</strong>, pour interdire<br />
leur utilisation contre la<br />
population civile. » Lui aussi<br />
s'indigne <strong>de</strong> la « complaisance »<br />
dont bénéficie le régime d'An-<br />
'kara auprès <strong>de</strong>s capitales occi<strong>de</strong>ntales,<br />
qu'il explique par les<br />
contrats <strong>de</strong> vente d'armes passés<br />
avec la France <strong>et</strong> l'Allemagne. Il<br />
cite à ce propos l'interview <strong>de</strong><br />
Jean-François Bigu<strong>et</strong> publiée<br />
par le journal turc « Milliy<strong>et</strong> ».<br />
Le PDG d'Eurocopter s'y « felicite<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'interdiction du PKK<br />
en France », ajoutant que « les<br />
firmes françaises"espèrent, aprés<br />
cela, bénéficier en Turquie d'un<br />
climat encore plus favorable ».<br />
F. GERMAIN-ROBIN<br />
(I) C(MADE, FIDH, France-<br />
Libertés, Agir ici, Peuples solidaires,<br />
Terres <strong>de</strong>s hommes. Agir ensemble,<br />
Comité national <strong>de</strong> solidarité<br />
aux Kur<strong>de</strong>s.<br />
(2) Version antiguérilla du Super-<br />
Puma. .<br />
A.EP. -A enceFrancePresse-A.EI>. -Agence FrancePresse-A.El~ -Agence FrancePresse-A.EP. -Agence FrancePresse- ...<br />
FRA0236 4 I 0238 TUR /AFP-GP23<br />
T'_tt'q u ie-Kl..lt'<strong>de</strong> s<br />
50 rebelles kur<strong>de</strong>s tués dans le nord irakien, selon Mme Ciller<br />
ANKARA, 14 déc (AFP) - Cinquante rebelles ~ur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
d'une opét'ation <strong>de</strong> l'aviation tUt~que, ll..lTldi.dansle<br />
<strong>de</strong> munitions <strong>de</strong>s ~ebelles a été détruit, a anndncé,<br />
ministre turc, Mme Tansu Ciller •.<br />
Des avions <strong>de</strong> co~bat turcs ont effectué 16 sorties contre 4<br />
maquisards kur<strong>de</strong>s du Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du Kurdistan (PKK,<br />
territoire irakien, au sud <strong>de</strong>s localités turques <strong>de</strong> Cukurca <strong>et</strong><br />
près <strong>de</strong> la frontière avec l'Irak, a.indiqué Mme Ciller.<br />
ont ~té. tués ~u cours<br />
nord irakien, <strong>et</strong> un dépôt<br />
mat~di à An kat~a, 1e pt~em i<strong>et</strong>~<br />
objectifs <strong>de</strong>s<br />
sépat'at iste)en .<br />
Uzumlu, tout<br />
Ce bilan porte. 105 le nombre <strong>de</strong> morts <strong>de</strong>puis samedi, en Turquie <strong>et</strong> dans<br />
le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak, faits par les attaques rebelles <strong>et</strong> les opérations <strong>de</strong><br />
l'armée turque, selon une compilation <strong>de</strong> l'AFP effectuée. partir <strong>de</strong> chiffres<br />
fournis par les autorités.<br />
La lutte contre les rebelles du PKK <strong>et</strong> les opérations transfrontalières se<br />
poursuivront, a précisé Mme Ciller, <strong>de</strong>vant le groupe parlementaire <strong>de</strong> son<br />
P~rti <strong>de</strong> la Juste Voie (PJV, droite traditionnelle).<br />
Mme Cill<strong>et</strong>~ a expt~imé son "espoit~" <strong>et</strong> sa "conviction" que "la SYt~ie <strong>et</strong><br />
l'Iran "prendront également une série <strong>de</strong> mesures contre le PKK comme l'ont<br />
fait nos amis" en Europe, allusion. l'interdiction du PKK <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> ses<br />
ot~gan isat ion s sat e Il it es en. A Il em a gnee t à 1a dis sol ut ion <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>l..! x<br />
organisations kur<strong>de</strong>s en France en novembre~<br />
CE/jcc<br />
AFP 141250 DEC 93<br />
74
RDE~EDE~~E- P RESSREVIEW-BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
• ~ TDN Parliament Bureau shrink. He stated that although Diele had been elected<br />
........ ANKARA- The Democracy Party (DEP), which ad- as DEP chairman, he did not expect that there would<br />
....:::: :; vocates. pro-Kurdish policie,s, h~s e,ntered.a new era be a significant change in the party's line, H,e noted<br />
'r-- ~ with ~iyarbaIor.oeputy Hallp DIele ~ electIOn as ~ar- that the DEP Party A~~emhly would al~o he Influen-<br />
~ ..J.<br />
=<br />
~ ty chaIrman dunng the first extraordInary conventIOn tial in <strong>de</strong>ciding on policies.<br />
,..... .. on Sundax. . " . KIhnç said that he advocated a line ba~ed on the soto<br />
pol!tIcal c!r~les, t~e D~P ~III be lution of the Kurdish matter through eqUIty of the two<br />
onented<br />
~ ·=<br />
~<br />
="ccording<br />
to more radIcal poliCIes dunng plele s le~d- peoples within a unified Turkey and that he was for<br />
~ ership and some party mem~rs may resIgn, Thrahlm the continuation of that poliey by the D~P, For that<br />
CJ Aksoy, who was the lea<strong>de</strong>~hlp candIdate of the group reason, KIhnç said he did not plan to reslgn from the<br />
f"'llI." ~ call~ the Freedom Path, his colleagues, !illd also the party and that he and his colleagues,would try ,to con-<br />
~ ~ <strong>de</strong>putIe~ Mahmut AlInak, Muzaffer ~eßl1r and Meh- vince AlInak, Demir and Sever also not to resign. ~e<br />
~ -..4 == m<strong>et</strong> Eßl1n Sever reportedly plan to re~lgn from pEP. pointed out that Aksoy's candidacy had prevented hIs<br />
'-'" piele was finally e~ect~ party chaIrm~ dunng the own victory in th election. ,<br />
... ~ ~ thIrd round of the votIng, In which he obtaIned 212 of Initiatives for Aksoy's withdrawal, In favor of<br />
~ the votes cast. The earty is now subject of a closure KIIInç had not been successful. Some party members<br />
~ ~ case at the ConstitutIonal Cou!1. The DEP has a total argued that the Freedom Path group whic~ supported<br />
,..., -- QJ of 497 <strong>de</strong>legates from 18 provInces. In. the frrst ro~nd Aksoy insisted on Aksoy's candidacy In or<strong>de</strong>r .to<br />
~ = of the voting! 373 <strong>de</strong>legates c~st.the.lr votes. Dlcle create an excuse for resigning from the party. Wh!]e<br />
• ........ tI4 failed to obtaIn an absolut~ maJonty. I~ the first two DEP Mu~ Deputy Mehm<strong>et</strong> Emin Sever d,Id n?t partlc-<br />
~<br />
~ rounds. The total votes receIved by his nvals, namely, ipate in the convention, Ahnak and Denure dId attend<br />
Adiyaman Deputy M~mut KIhnç ~nd former DEP for a short eeriod. "<br />
.-. secr<strong>et</strong>ary g~neral I1?rahlm Aks~y dId not match. the Sever saId .h~ did not haye:.co01~ectIOn,s wl,th the<br />
!t. = count for Dlcle. While KIlInç WIthdrew from can,dIda- party Îör a while and that he waS angry WIth hIS'CoI~<br />
,..... ~ èy in the second round of the voting, Aksoy contInued leagues but that he had not ~<strong>et</strong> reached a <strong>de</strong>cision<br />
~ ~ to run .in the third round. " about r~si~ning, He said his ecision was notlin~ed<br />
".,.::= Dunng the emergency convenlI~n, DIcle represent- with wh<strong>et</strong>her someone else was pro-PKK. AsseSSIng<br />
~ QJ ed the r~dical group. KIhnç receIved the supp0!1 of the convention, Sever said it ",,:,asnorma] that. th.e<br />
'-- CI:} the KurdIsh groups other than the outlawed KurdIstan Turkish flag fly in the conventIOn hall. He said It<br />
~ - Workers' Party (PKK) and Aksoy was backed by the should have been there from the out sel. He said that<br />
~ QJ Freedom Path group. the PKK was an organization which emerged from<br />
~ Contrary to the previous. (now <strong>de</strong>funct) ~eople's La- within Kurdish socI<strong>et</strong>y but that it applied terrorist<br />
~ ~ bor Party (HEP) conventIOns, the partIcIpants were m<strong>et</strong>hods, rai<strong>de</strong>d viIlages and kiIled children and that<br />
~ not allowed to chant pro-PKK slo~ans. It was the first he was against all such actions, He said he and his<br />
~ time that the Turkish flag was raIsed in the con ven- colleagues were also opposed to the un<strong>de</strong>mocratic<br />
~ ~ tion hall. The board which chaired the convention re- m<strong>et</strong>hods of the state and that they saw such practises<br />
~ q~ested earty members notto chant the sl.oga~, "K~r- in the region all the time. ,<br />
:::::..... ~ dIstan WIll serve as the cem<strong>et</strong>ery of faSCism, which If the Constitutional Court or<strong>de</strong>red DEP s closure,<br />
~ was from time to time chanted both in Turkish and 17 <strong>de</strong>puties will automaticaIly lose the,ir parliamen-<br />
~ ~ Kurdish. It warned the members that such slogans tary immunuities. In that case, the <strong>de</strong>pul1es who serve<br />
~ ~ damaged the party and urged them not to chant slo- at the party administration would be banned from pol-<br />
'-- :... gans other than those <strong>de</strong>termined by the party admin- itics for a period of 10 years.<br />
o Istration. Nine <strong>de</strong>puties, namely Ahm<strong>et</strong> Türk, Leyla Zana,<br />
~ ~ But, in contrast with the mo<strong>de</strong>rate atmosphere<br />
!t. - ~ reigning at the convention, Dicle used expressions in<br />
~ his speech that praised the PKK. He claimed that the<br />
~ PKK was not a terrorist organization but a political<br />
~ ~ P~~ce <strong>de</strong>mocratic channels are closed in Turkey,<br />
6 PKK is a party which has chosen violence instead of<br />
.. political struggle. It also has a military. organization,"<br />
~ Dicle said.<br />
F<br />
Dicle continued that for the solution of the malter, a<br />
should be <strong>de</strong>clared b<strong>et</strong>ween the state and<br />
~ the PKK forces.<br />
~ Pointing out that the PKK's military force could<br />
~ ~ = 0 serve as a local <strong>de</strong>fense unit until a true peace was re-<br />
5tôred, Dicle said that the people shQltld !?ci~s~e~<br />
o wh<strong>et</strong>her they wantedto 'be sepàrate from turIéey or<br />
~ not, in a referendum. He said he and his colleagues<br />
o would favor the i<strong>de</strong>a of living in unit . But he also<br />
G~~th saidptKhaKt no donhi~shoUlddconSI<strong>de</strong>r at sdou~itohnwith h out<br />
""C e , an s wor s were gree e WI applause l<br />
,.... QJ from the ~ople present in the convention hall. While<br />
~ ~ former D P cha!rman Yasar KayahwapsKtryingto drthaw<br />
~cease-fire<br />
~<br />
- a line b<strong>et</strong>ween his coIleagues and t e :K, due to e<br />
~"~ QJ lawsuit filed at the Constitutional Court -- where the<br />
~ DEP's closure is <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>d -- and while in general a<br />
~ mo<strong>de</strong>rate atmosphere dominated the proceedings, Di-<br />
E<br />
QJ cle's speech gave a compl<strong>et</strong>ely different picture. His<br />
CI:} speech was Interpr<strong>et</strong>ed to mean that he wanted the<br />
• ~ DEP closed down.<br />
~ ~ Criticizing Dicle's words, Mahmut KIlInç told TDN<br />
~ ~ that if such radical moves continued, the party would<br />
~-~<br />
j<br />
Hà~p,Oicle<br />
75
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RNISTA<br />
STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Orhan Dogan, Ali Yieit, SlITiSalak, Sedat Yurtta~,<br />
Selim Saddak, Remzi Karta! and Zübeyir Aydar, took<br />
their places among the members of the Party Assembly<br />
who were elected in the convention. Some <strong>de</strong>puties<br />
argue that they should resign before the ConstItutional<br />
Court makes its ruling, and should found a new<br />
party. Ho~ev~r Diele opposes t.his. KIlmç also believes<br />
that It Will be wrong to resign from the party at<br />
this stage. , ,<br />
However some <strong>de</strong>puties have reportedly presented<br />
their resignations to the party before the filmg of the<br />
case at the Constitutional Court, and have postponed<br />
the announcement until after the convention. If these<br />
<strong>de</strong>puties can prove that they presented their p<strong>et</strong>itions<br />
before the case was filed, they will notlose their immunity.<br />
" ,<br />
The Chairman of the Social Democrat People's Party<br />
(SHP) and Deputy Prime Minister Murat<br />
Karayalçm said on Monday that he ~as sadd~ned by<br />
statêments on Sunday by Greek Parhamentanans attending<br />
the DEP convention. " ,<br />
Referring to a speech <strong>de</strong>livered at the congress by a<br />
Greek <strong>de</strong>puty from the ruling ~an~ellenic Paf!Y (PA-<br />
SOK), Karayalçm said ~hat thl~ Violated not Ju~t the<br />
requirements of good nelgh~orhness but al~o of mternational<br />
mo<strong>de</strong>s of behaVIOur. Respondmg to the<br />
speech of DEP <strong>de</strong>puty Hatip Dicle during the congress<br />
KarayaIcin said that he found this to be wrong<br />
and unfair.<br />
Dicle had referred to the PKK as a politicalparty<br />
even if it was outlawed. Karayalçin who was addressing<br />
members of his party's central executive board<br />
said that the PKK was not a political party but a<br />
, bloodthirsty terrorist organization.<br />
Salak cIai~ed that the. sta~e applied harsh m<strong>et</strong>hods<br />
in the region and that ~IS Village was burnt by state<br />
forces. He said he and hiS ~olleagues did not have ties<br />
with the PKK. The co~tt~e report will first be discussed<br />
at the joint commls~lon and then its <strong>de</strong>cision<br />
will be voted on by the parhamentary general assembly.<br />
Il<br />
OZgür Goo<strong>de</strong>m out today<br />
Diyarbalar office rai<strong>de</strong>d on Monday<br />
AIl executives of daily are un<strong>de</strong>r custody<br />
Turkish Daily News .. lice said.<br />
ANKARA- The pro-Kurdish daily, Ozgür Prominent Turkish writers such as Ya~ar<br />
Gün<strong>de</strong>m, is in print today <strong>de</strong>spite the opera:- Kemal, author of the internationally famous<br />
tions that continue to targ<strong>et</strong> tlie newspaper's book "Mehm<strong>et</strong> My Hawk," are supporting<br />
offices. , the paper during the crisis. Employees have<br />
Anexecutive of the paper said that 88 out se~ up. a temporarx committee t~ supervise<br />
of the 107 people who were <strong>de</strong>tained on Fri- edltonal work until all of the editors are s<strong>et</strong><br />
' day during a pglice raid on the Istanbul, free.<br />
headquarters of Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m had been re- Following Friday's operation in Istanbul,<br />
leased. , the State Security Court issued a statement<br />
' Nin<strong>et</strong>een Özgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m employees, in- in which it said that handguns, gas masks,<br />
cluding the newspaper's general coordinator i<strong>de</strong>ntity cards of soldiers Ialled ~Y.the PKK,<br />
Gurb<strong>et</strong>elli Ersöz, her assistant Ferda Ç<strong>et</strong>in, , PKK vouchersworth TL 400 lllillion, docupublications<br />
coordinator Mehm<strong>et</strong> Oguz, edi- ments containing PKK propaganda and<br />
tor Hüseyin Solgun and news editor Gü!tan medical supplies, had been seized.<br />
KI~nak are stiIJ in custody. Sources said The DGM statement also claimed that<br />
their <strong>de</strong>tention was expected to last for ten captured PKK members had testified that<br />
Diele, Sakik testüy at subcommittee days. .. the newspaper's executive maintained an or-<br />
On Monday, the parli.ament~ry subcommiu.ee, A total of 21 more Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m staff in ganic connection with the PKK.<br />
which was s<strong>et</strong> up by the Jomt Parhamentary Constltu- other parts of the country are also being in- The Istanbul operation, during which all<br />
tional and Justice Commission to look into. the files terrogated. copies of the paper were also seized, was<br />
' asking removal of some <strong>de</strong>puties' immunities, heard On Monday police rai<strong>de</strong>d the DiyarbakIr followed by raids on newspaper offices in<br />
th~ testimonies of newly elected DEP Chairman Hatip office of the newspaper and seized various several other cities.<br />
Dlcle and DEP .~u~ D~puty Sim Salak, who are ac- organizational communiques and docu- Özgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m was not published for the<br />
cused of COI1Ulllttmgcnmes against the indivisibility ments, including donation forms used by past three days asi<strong>de</strong> from a dummy copy of<br />
of the state. . branch organizalIons of the outlawed Kurdl- eight pages on Saturday, distributed only in<br />
During his t~stimony at t.he committee, Diele re- stail Worlœrs' Party (PKK). " the southern provinces of Adana and Merpeated<br />
everything he had s~ld about the PKK during I?uri~g Friday's raid on the Istanbul center sin.<br />
' the DEP conventlO~. He s~d al.l the <strong>et</strong>hnic groups in of Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m, police said they had con- The newspaper did not appear on Sunday<br />
Turkey should be given therr lllin~rity rights and that fiscated two unlicensed gims and a number but was viSited by many press activists and<br />
they should be allowed to <strong>de</strong>terrrnne theIr own <strong>de</strong>sti- of documents and gas masks. Computer <strong>de</strong>puties ,who were concerned that the<br />
ny. discs were also seized in DiyarbakIr, the po- amount of pressure could increase.<br />
Today Özgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m, tomorrow others<br />
Iln'ur Çevik<br />
EDITORIAL<br />
s there anybody in.TLf.rkeywho does<br />
not know that doily Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m<br />
I<br />
supports extremist Kurds and has been<br />
promoting separatism, radicalism and<br />
even violence?" ,<br />
It is rather unfortunate that Özgür<br />
Gün<strong>de</strong>m has been entertaining very ,<br />
radical views practically parallel t9those<br />
76<br />
of the clan<strong>de</strong>stine Kurdistan Workers' Party<br />
,(PKK).<br />
The paper is generally regar<strong>de</strong>d os the<br />
mouthpiece of the PKKand thus its reports<br />
and views ore seen, os the voice of 0<br />
terrorist organization and itsjournalistic<br />
qualities ore always questioned. In other<br />
words, nobody reads it for its news quality<br />
but to find out what the PKKis up to. The<br />
fact that the journalists working on this<br />
paper allow themselves to be exploited in<br />
such 0 fashion is rather sorrowful but that<br />
is their problem. . '<br />
It is also no secr<strong>et</strong> that the paper is 0<br />
source of intelligence for the Turkish<br />
security which con monitor the actions of<br />
the PKK with relative ease.<br />
The rea<strong>de</strong>rship of the paper is rather<br />
limited and its circulation is 0 mere<br />
30,000.<br />
So why raid Özgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m and bar its<br />
publication in such 0 fashion? Con't we,<br />
live with such 0 radical paper and see<br />
what the other si<strong>de</strong> is up to?<br />
Another important issue is the way the<br />
allthoritles hove moved against Ozgür<br />
Gün<strong>de</strong>m in 0 country where we<br />
boost about the existence of basic<br />
freedoms.<br />
The raid against the newspaper<br />
headquarters on Friday was 0 rather<br />
confused affair. Revelations that police<br />
confiscated two unregistered guns, gas<br />
masks ànd on array of PKKvouchers ,<br />
hardly constitute 0 major crime. Journalists<br />
and printing stoff were <strong>de</strong>tained which is,
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
to say the least, a grave error. There were<br />
claims that the government did not know<br />
about the raid and that it was done un<strong>de</strong>r<br />
the or<strong>de</strong>rs of the State Security Court<br />
prosecutor.<br />
Thisinci<strong>de</strong>nt has s<strong>et</strong> a very ugly<br />
prece<strong>de</strong>nt on what could happen to the<br />
press in Turkey in the future. Today, they<br />
may raid the Özgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m offices on<br />
the pr<strong>et</strong>ext of 'combatting terrorism' but<br />
tomorrow they may well raid other<br />
newsRaper offices and establishments on<br />
others pr<strong>et</strong>exts, with little regard for the rule<br />
of law. The fact that authorities can act<br />
this way in a 'free and vocal' country will<br />
no doubt raise serious questions about the<br />
<strong>de</strong>mocracy that Suleyman Demirel tried to<br />
establish in Turkey and how he has failed,<br />
with the country still remaining a semi<strong>de</strong>mocracy.<br />
42 people killed in Southeast violence<br />
Cross-bor<strong>de</strong>r operation continues<br />
Turkish <strong>de</strong>legation in northenl IrlUJ<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- At least 42 people we~e killed in southeast<br />
Turkey this weekend during attacks staged by militants of<br />
the outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK). Turkey has<br />
launched a limited cross-bor<strong>de</strong>r operatIOninto northern Iraq<br />
where it is pursuing the terrorists.<br />
The Anatolia news agency said on Monday that government<br />
troops killed 24 members of the PKK who rai<strong>de</strong>d a<br />
military post near Çukurca, a town in Hakkari province<br />
close to Turkey's bor<strong>de</strong>r with Iraq.<br />
In a separate inci<strong>de</strong>nt, 13 civilians were shot <strong>de</strong>ad when<br />
PKK gunmen rai<strong>de</strong>d a village in Adiyaman province, the<br />
~gency said. Anatolia said the PKK attempted to raid .the<br />
Uzümlü military outpost, a frequent targ<strong>et</strong> of the orgamzation,<br />
and that 17 gunmen were killed in a clash with troops<br />
holding the post.<br />
Seven others were killed when Turkish troops crossed into<br />
northern Iraq to catch the terrorists. Two officers and<br />
three soldiers were also killed in the inci<strong>de</strong>nt.<br />
Anatolia later reported Turkish Air Force planes had attacked<br />
a band of some 40 to 50 militaDts insi<strong>de</strong> northern<br />
Iraq.'The agency said none of the terrorists escaped the raid.<br />
Anatolia also reported Turkish planes <strong>de</strong>stroyed a PKK am-<br />
Lyon-Matin - 14 décembre 1993<br />
munitions dump insi<strong>de</strong> northern Iraq.<br />
Quoting provincial authorities, .Anatolia said that a group<br />
of militants killed I3 peasants In a separate raid on Ihe<br />
homes of Iwo village guards in A~a~konak village in<br />
Adlyaman province. It said a group or militants entered the<br />
homes of the two village guards and gunned down the occupants,<br />
including women and children, and s<strong>et</strong> the houses on<br />
fire.<br />
Meanwhile, regional sources told the Turkish Daily News<br />
that a Turkish Foreign Ministry <strong>de</strong>legation is visiting<br />
Kurdish-controlled northern Iraq and will be holdmg me<strong>et</strong>ings<br />
with Iraqi Kurdish lea<strong>de</strong>rs Masoud Barzani and 1alal<br />
Talabani.<br />
They reported that two ministry officials were currently<br />
traveling in the region, both to look into claims of alleged<br />
Iraqi Kurdish support for Turkey's separatist Kurds and to<br />
<strong>de</strong>liver a message to Barzani.<br />
'.<br />
Prime Minister Tansu Çiller, in a verbal message to the<br />
Kurdistan Democratic Party (KOP) lea<strong>de</strong>r, has asked for Iraqi<br />
Kurds to take stronger action against the outlawed Kurdistan<br />
Workers' Party (PKK) and to prevent it from using t~eir<br />
territories.<br />
The <strong>de</strong>legation is to r<strong>et</strong>urn to Turkey this week, sources<br />
said. More than Il,000 people have been killed in Turkey<br />
since the PKK began fighting for an in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt Kurdish<br />
homeland in the Southeast in 1984.<br />
Since then, the organization has been using northern Iraqi<br />
territory to launch attacks on Turkish targ<strong>et</strong>s..<br />
HANDICAP<br />
INTERNATIONAL<br />
Un cenlre<br />
d'apparellla._<br />
dilrull au<br />
Kurdlalan<br />
Un mort <strong>et</strong> six blessés<br />
Lundi matin, une charge d'explosif<br />
a totalement détruit le<br />
centre d'appareillage <strong>de</strong> Handicap<br />
International à Sulaymaniayh<br />
au Kurdistan irakien. L'&xplosion<br />
aurait fait au moins un<br />
mort <strong>et</strong> six blessés graves parmi<br />
les patients' <strong>et</strong> le personnel<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>. Ce centre, financé par<br />
ECHO (Office humanitaire <strong>de</strong> la<br />
com~unauté européenne) perm<strong>et</strong>taIt<br />
à Handicap International<br />
<strong>de</strong> produire <strong>de</strong>s prothèses <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s<br />
appareils orthopédiques en<br />
Qrand nombre pour les victimes<br />
<strong>de</strong> mines anti-personnel. En 18<br />
mois, 1 500 amputés avaient<br />
déjà été appareillés.<br />
Lundi matin toujours, les bureaux<br />
<strong>de</strong> rONG australienne<br />
CARE ont été la cible d'un<br />
attentat similaire, blessant grièvement<br />
<strong>de</strong>ux employés locaux.<br />
#( Bien qu'aucun membre <strong>de</strong>s<br />
ONG ou <strong>de</strong>s Nations Unies n'ait<br />
6t6 toucM, indique Handicap<br />
International dans un communiqué.<br />
<strong>de</strong> tels actes d'agression<br />
suppose une pnlparation soigneuse<br />
<strong>et</strong> ne laissent guère 'CJ6<br />
doute sur la signification du<br />
choix <strong>de</strong> cibles m6dicales ».<br />
77
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RNISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Comité <strong>de</strong> soutien<br />
Mobilisés pour Rojin <strong>et</strong> contre le gouvernement<br />
Assoc.iations <strong>et</strong> partis politiques se mobilisent pour<br />
Rojin Ayaz. la jeune Kur<strong>de</strong>, assi~née à rési<strong>de</strong>nce à<br />
Samt.Pardoux, n'a pas été expulsee du territoire mais<br />
reste écartée <strong>de</strong> sa famille. Samedi, à la Maison <strong>de</strong> la<br />
vie associative à Niort~le comité <strong>de</strong> soutien a fait le<br />
point sur les initiatives prises en sa faveur.<br />
NIORT. - FrancisVacker, per- police avant d'être placée en<br />
manent du Parti communiste en rési<strong>de</strong>nce surveillée à Saint-Par-<br />
Deux-Sèvres, résume la situa- doux... Depuis, nous nous effortion<br />
: Il Rojin Ayaz a été soustrai- çons <strong>de</strong> créer autour d'elle un<br />
te à sa famille le 18 novembre. .mouvement <strong>de</strong> solidarité I).<br />
Elle a passé la journée du 18 <strong>et</strong> Samedi, une trentàine <strong>de</strong><br />
une bonne partie du personnes avaient répondu à<br />
19 novembre à la préfecture <strong>de</strong> l'appel du comité <strong>de</strong> soutien.<br />
Celui-ci réunit principalement<br />
<strong>de</strong>s élus <strong>et</strong> sympathisants <strong>de</strong><br />
mouvements <strong>de</strong> gauche <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s<br />
écologistes. '<br />
Il Nous <strong>de</strong>vons surtout<br />
empêcher qu'elle soit expulsée<br />
en Turquie ) ont dit plusieurs<br />
participants. Un point sur lequel<br />
le comité semble avoir été rassuré<br />
: Il Vendredi, le MRAP <strong>et</strong><br />
SOS Racisme ont rencontré le<br />
chef <strong>de</strong> cabin<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> Charles Pasqua,<br />
le ministre <strong>de</strong> /'Intérieur ))<br />
indique Francis Vacker. Le chef<br />
<strong>de</strong> cabin<strong>et</strong> écarterait<br />
l'expulsion: Il Pas question <strong>de</strong><br />
la renvoyer en Turquie où elle<br />
serait<br />
Immédiatement<br />
exécutée » aurait déclaré le<br />
bras droit du ministre.<br />
Rafles<br />
Le droit est rappelé : Il Pourquoi<br />
maintenir en rési<strong>de</strong>nce<br />
surveillée. une personne à qui<br />
la justice ne reproche rien <strong>et</strong><br />
qui n'est même pas en situation<br />
irrégulière I). S'agit-il d'un<br />
clin d'œil à la Turquie qui achète<br />
<strong>de</strong>s hélicoptères à la<br />
Franca? S'interroge le comité.<br />
Encore un p<strong>et</strong>it pas <strong>et</strong> c'est.<br />
le gouvernement dans son<br />
ensemble qui est diabolisé :<br />
Il Lë go'ùvernemeni est pOrteur<br />
d'une idéologie raciste. Il<br />
y a aujourd'hui une volonté <strong>de</strong> .<br />
chasser tout ce qui a un faciès<br />
un peu coloré. Le gouverne-<br />
. ment donne raison aux amis<br />
<strong>de</strong> Le Pen » estime Jean-Clau<strong>de</strong><br />
Sureau, secrétaire général<br />
<strong>de</strong> la CGT.<br />
Quant à Robert Léon,<br />
.adjoint communiste au maire<br />
, <strong>de</strong> Niort, il parle <strong>de</strong> (I rafles )<br />
envers la communauté kur<strong>de</strong><br />
installée en France.<br />
Il y a l'action politique. Il y a<br />
aussi l'ai<strong>de</strong> humaine que l'on<br />
p,eutapporter à Rojin Ayaz, fait<br />
'remarquer Jean Coion. <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Verts. Ce <strong>de</strong>rnier est favorable'<br />
à une action <strong>de</strong> tous le.s jours<br />
auprès <strong>de</strong> la jeune Kur<strong>de</strong> ahn<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'ai<strong>de</strong>r à supporter c<strong>et</strong> isolement<br />
forcé avec sa famille.<br />
Il Nous sommes allés la voir:<br />
à Saint-Pardoux; nous l'avons<br />
sortie <strong>de</strong> l'Mtel pour la promener<br />
dans la circonscription <strong>de</strong><br />
Parthenay où elle est libre <strong>de</strong><br />
circuler. Etre assigné à rési-<br />
. dènce c'est tout <strong>de</strong> même<br />
mieux que d'être emprisonné<br />
à Fleury-Mérogis!<br />
)) souligne<br />
l" responsable <strong>de</strong>s Verts.,<br />
ELM .<br />
Association~<strong>et</strong> mouvements politiques <strong>de</strong> gauche mobilisent en faveur <strong>de</strong> la jeune Kur<strong>de</strong>.:<br />
Non$ans en profiter pour montrer du doigt le « vilain gouvernefrJent <strong>de</strong> droite »...<br />
.LE COURRIER<br />
'."~;:r~~: DE tOUEST<br />
~_tff$iJ$;lli]@f,4Ë_ßj.t:lE:lm,*<br />
14 décembre 1993<br />
78
iSMET G. iMSET / BEING VOCAL<br />
DEP, a failing mission<br />
he arrow has left the bow - as the old Turkish saying<br />
goes. Hatip Dicle, one of the most radical parliamentarians<br />
was named<br />
of the D~mocracy P~rty (I?EP) group,<br />
the party s new chairman In Sunday s<br />
general conv~ntion. The party is thus on a countdown<br />
for closure and its members and parliamentarians are<br />
preparing"to r<strong>et</strong>urn to the people." The meaning of<br />
this must be sought in the question of where the support<br />
of the kurdish people in southeast Turkey really lies.<br />
All indications now are that Dicle has a specific mission and is<br />
doing the best he can to distance the party from a majority of the<br />
Turks. Some say he is trying to have the party closed down to justify<br />
the existence of an Illegal Kurdish movement in Turkey: the<br />
Q.utlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK}. PKK lea<strong>de</strong>r Abdullah<br />
Ocalan believes that by March 1994 he will have amassed 30,000<br />
fighters in the Southeast, where he will attempt to s<strong>et</strong> up temporary<br />
liberated zones.<br />
He and his inner circles also believe<br />
that the DEP has outlived its "mission"<br />
and that the party no longer has a place<br />
in Parliament. As far as the PKK is concerned,<br />
the DEP is not as important as<br />
before -<br />
surviving.<br />
and does not have a chance to<br />
During its history the DEP<br />
has changed its name three times and has<br />
witnessed several changes in lea<strong>de</strong>rship.<br />
First it was the HEP, the Peoples' Labor<br />
Party. Then came OZDEP, Freedoms<br />
and Democracy Party. DEP is its late~t<br />
form and will be closed down like its<br />
pre<strong>de</strong>cessors.<br />
From the very beginning, the i<strong>de</strong>a<br />
behind DEP was to form a legal political<br />
movement with parliamentary representation<br />
- one which would altempt to<br />
take over certain ministerial seats and<br />
<strong>de</strong>fuse the tension b<strong>et</strong>ween the Turkish<br />
and Kurdish people. In its simplest<br />
aspect, it was to be a bridge b<strong>et</strong>ween the<br />
communities, explain to the Turks what<br />
the Kurds were up against and to the<br />
Kurds how the Turks were thinking.<br />
But, even in Parliament, it was un<strong>de</strong>r<br />
heavy pressure from the very beginning.<br />
DEP <strong>de</strong>puties, who agreed to enter<br />
Parliament un<strong>de</strong>r Turkis\i laws, sud<strong>de</strong>nly<br />
turned out against the parliamentary oath. They entered the building<br />
not with the red-and-white colors of the Turkish nag but with<br />
yellow-green-red handkerchiefs sticking out of their jack<strong>et</strong> pock<strong>et</strong>s,<br />
representing the traditional colors of the Kurds.. As of<br />
that day, the <strong>de</strong>puties have been harassed in every way. At times,<br />
they were phYSically attacked and thrown off the bench by their<br />
Turkish counterparts.<br />
Mostly they were m<strong>et</strong> with the protests of the majority of the<br />
450-seat parliament with <strong>de</strong>puties, mcluding the then prime minister<br />
Suleym;m Demirel, banging their fists on their <strong>de</strong>sk tops like<br />
school children. We know of times when DEP <strong>de</strong>puties~ere not<br />
even allowed to mention the existence of Kurdish and Turkish<br />
brotherhood, or attacked simply for saying that those who join the<br />
PKK have their reasons for doing so ..<br />
At least 50 DEP affiliated activists have so far been killed in<br />
Turkey by <strong>de</strong>ath squads. The most recent mur<strong>de</strong>r was that of parliamentarian<br />
Mehm<strong>et</strong> Sincar, which brought down the number of<br />
DEP seats in Parliament to 17.<br />
Meanwhile, nationwi<strong>de</strong> reaction to the DEP has been increasing.<br />
Leyla lana, also said to have close links with the PKK, was once<br />
threatened with <strong>de</strong>ath by an officer in the Southeast, and barely<br />
escaped an assassination attempt after t,he killing of Sincar.<br />
Recently,she was portrayed on state televISIon as someone who<br />
had "sold Turkey down the river."<br />
On Monday night, a Turkish special forces member whose i<strong>de</strong>ntity<br />
was withheld, appeared on the television and told the whole<br />
nation that DEP <strong>de</strong>puties such as Orhan Dogan were among their<br />
targ<strong>et</strong>s. Hc also said 104 parliamentarians, a majority of them from<br />
the Southeast, were regar<strong>de</strong>d as traitors. Last week, a senior police<br />
officer in charge of anti-terrorist operations told me that the main<br />
mistake Turkey had ma<strong>de</strong> since the 1970s was to allow people of<br />
"Southeast origin" to enter the state apparatus, ..<br />
According to him, Turgut Ozal<br />
was "the greatest traitor" since he<br />
had a Kurdish grandmother. Former<br />
Interior Minister Ism<strong>et</strong> Sezgin could<br />
not be trusted since he too was<br />
allegedly of Kurdish background.<br />
And former Gendarmerie comman<strong>de</strong>r<br />
Gen. E~rd Bitlis "<strong>de</strong>served to<br />
die" since he was Kurdish as well<br />
and could not be expected to do anything<br />
against the PKK!<br />
"Racism is Oilthe rise everywhere, and<br />
specifICally in the state apparaJus, wlllch<br />
takes major policy <strong>de</strong>cisions and has a<br />
great <strong>de</strong>al of influence on what will happen<br />
in the future. Many Turks believe the DEP<br />
is an extellSioll of the PKK. Frequently<br />
heard is the slogan, "We dOIl't wallt the<br />
PKK ill Parliament." The slogan which is<br />
spreading throughout the Anatolian peninsula<br />
is, "Death to the Kurds" - any<br />
Kurds. The attitu<strong>de</strong> of the DEP, and most<br />
specifically its continuous refusal to con<strong>de</strong>mn<br />
PKK attacks directed at civilian and<br />
unarmed personne~ has disturbed many"<br />
Racism is on the rise everywhere.<br />
and specifically in the state apparatus,<br />
which takes major policy <strong>de</strong>cisions<br />
and has a great <strong>de</strong>al of influence<br />
on what will happen in the<br />
future. Many Turks believe the DEP<br />
is an extension of the PKK.<br />
Frequently heard is the slogan, "We<br />
don t want the PKK in Parliament."<br />
The slogan which is spreading<br />
throughout the Anatolian p,eninsula<br />
is, "Death to the Kurds' - any<br />
Kurds. The altitu<strong>de</strong> of the DEP, and<br />
most specifically its continuous<br />
refusal to con<strong>de</strong>mn PKK attacks<br />
directed at civilian and unarmed personnel,<br />
has disturbed many.<br />
Now that Dicle is heading the<br />
party, it is evi<strong>de</strong>nt that this alienation<br />
will <strong>de</strong>epen in the coming days.<br />
Already he has started off by making pro-PKK statements and<br />
has ma<strong>de</strong> his own position clear.<br />
The' Constitutional Court, which has initiated a case against the<br />
DEP, is expected to close the party down in the coming months.<br />
Thus, as the radicals take over DEP, they are also attempting to<br />
give the party an improved image, an image of a party that also<br />
cares for Turkish interests.<br />
But with Dicle at the head of the party, even this is questionable.<br />
The suspicion now is that this image mayalso be intentional -<br />
that, knowing of the upcoming closure, the DEP is creating such an<br />
image so it can say in the future that it has done everything and<br />
tried every legal m<strong>et</strong>hod but has got nothing in r<strong>et</strong>urn. Such an<br />
argument would only be to justify an aimed struggle in Turkey.<br />
For, whatever the PKK says, in reality the DEP has not accomplished,<br />
but failed in, its true mission.<br />
79
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RNISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Ankara raps Greek <strong>de</strong>puties' remarks<br />
Greek Ambassador Alexan<strong>de</strong>r Philon claims that the <strong>de</strong>puties came on<br />
a private invitation and not as representatives of the Greek Parliament<br />
By Nazlan Ertan<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- Turkey summoned thé Greek Ambassador<br />
Alexan<strong>de</strong>r Philon to the Foreign Ministry<br />
Tuesday to express Ankara's growing dissatisfac" .<br />
.tion with the remarks ma<strong>de</strong> by the Greek <strong>de</strong>puties<br />
who have expressed support for the "Kurdish<br />
cause."<br />
The move signals a new intensity in the cold<br />
winds blowing b<strong>et</strong>ween the two countries after Andreas<br />
Papandreou's PASOK party came to power<br />
in\Greece. Turkish diplomatic circles call the attitu<strong>de</strong><br />
of Greece since then "provocative.and downright<br />
hostile," but add that Ankara will refrain from<br />
"overreacting" to Greek attempts.<br />
Turkish Foreign Ministry Deputy Un<strong>de</strong>rsecr<strong>et</strong>ary<br />
Tugay Uluçevik, who has conferred with Philon<br />
three times in as many weeks, reportedly told<br />
him of Ankara's dissatisfaction with the remarks<br />
ma<strong>de</strong> by Greek <strong>de</strong>puties attending last weekend's<br />
convention of the pro-Kurdish Democracy Party.<br />
The Greek <strong>de</strong>legation, which inclu<strong>de</strong>d three <strong>de</strong>puties<br />
from PASOK, addressed the convention and<br />
expressed support for the "legal rights of the Kurdish<br />
people." The remarks, which particularly angered<br />
Ankara were ma<strong>de</strong> by PASOK's Cr<strong>et</strong>e <strong>de</strong>puty,<br />
who noted that Athens must support the rights<br />
of the Kurds: The ambassador, on the other hand<br />
n~ted t~at.th~ Greek <strong>de</strong>legation had come "on à<br />
private mVltatlOh and not as the representatives of<br />
the Greek Parliament."<br />
The TON has also learned that the Greek Embassy<br />
had advis~d the <strong>de</strong>puties against attending<br />
t~~c~,ngress, ~aymg Ankara was "particularly sensItive<br />
on the Issue and the Greek attitu<strong>de</strong>. However,<br />
Turkish diplomats say the excuse that the rar-<br />
Iiamentarians acted on their behalf is nol "particularly<br />
convincing" in view of previous remarkS<br />
ma<strong>de</strong> by Greek officials, including ministers and<br />
government spokesmen.<br />
The sourness over the DEP <strong>de</strong>legation comes. as<br />
the cold winds blowing b<strong>et</strong>ween the two capitals<br />
after the PASOK administration came to power are<br />
at their sirongest. Ankara had first reacted to the<br />
"common <strong>de</strong>fense strategy" <strong>de</strong>clared by Greece<br />
and the Greek Cypriot administration, which regards<br />
Greek Cyprus as an essential part of<br />
the Greek <strong>de</strong>fense.<br />
The remarks caused Philon's visit -- due<br />
to PhiIons own request-- to the Turkish Foreign<br />
Ministry, where he was told by Ulucevik<br />
that such remarks were not "encouraging"<br />
for relations b<strong>et</strong>ween the new administration<br />
and Turkey.<br />
Only a week later. Greek European Affairs<br />
Minister Theodore Pangalas targ<strong>et</strong>ed allacks<br />
~ainst Turkey and Foreign Minister Hikm<strong>et</strong><br />
y<strong>et</strong>in. In a more serious vein, the Greek minister<br />
expressed support for the Kurdish struggle<br />
agamst "the tyrant, Turkey."<br />
.Greek government. spokesman<br />
Meanwhile,<br />
Evangelos<br />
Venizclos notcd thaI Athens had no inlenlion<br />
of banning the PKK and Ihal what olher<br />
countries, such as Gcrmany did, "was Ihcir<br />
own business."<br />
The recent rush of harsh statements and<br />
ambassadors' visits to the Foreign Ministry<br />
of the host country signal difficult times<br />
ahead in relations. Turkish diplomats claim<br />
that the PASOK government has removed<br />
some of the top officials in the Greek Foreign<br />
Ministry, who were known for their<br />
positive attitu<strong>de</strong> towards Turkey.<br />
The dissatisfaction of official circles was<br />
also reflected in the Turkish media. Mass<br />
circulation Hürriy<strong>et</strong>, for example, titled ils<br />
report on Greek participation at the DEP<br />
convention: "Terrorist Greek."<br />
Two television journalists arrested in Istanbul<br />
TDN with Wire Dispatches in the office of the Armed Forces<br />
ISTANBUL- The Turkish authorities<br />
have arrested two television<br />
Chief of Staff, said he had or<strong>de</strong>red<br />
their arrest. The controversy surjournalists<br />
on charges of broadcastmg<br />
materialthat encouraged Turks<br />
rounding the broadcast is in p~rt<br />
due to the recent statement of ChIef<br />
to eva<strong>de</strong> military service.<br />
Erhan .AkYlldlz, 46, a news proof<br />
Staff authorities that there were<br />
I 400,000 draft dodgers. .<br />
ducer, and Ali Tevfik Berber, 34, a Both men work at the Istanbuljournalist,<br />
were called into Istanbul based television station HBB and<br />
police headquarters on Tuesday for last week they broadcast a TV proquestioning,<br />
one of their colleagues gram on draft do~gers and <strong>de</strong>sert~rs<br />
told Reuters. from the army. The program dls-<br />
Colonel Ç<strong>et</strong>in Akkaya, prosecutor couraged Turks from do mg their<br />
military service," Akkaya told Reuters.<br />
He said the twomen would be<br />
tried by a military court and could<br />
each face a prison sentence of b<strong>et</strong>ween<br />
two months and two years if<br />
found guilty. Several of the people<br />
interviewed in the program were<br />
members of an anti-war group and<br />
said they would never serve In the<br />
army. Military service is compulsory<br />
in Turkey.<br />
. A Turkish army spokesman last<br />
week lashed out at people who<br />
eva<strong>de</strong> the draft at a time when the<br />
armed forces are fighting Kurdish<br />
separatist guerrillas in the Southeast.<br />
"Many are fighting to protect<br />
the unity. of the country," Colonel<br />
Dogu SIIahçlOglu said. "There are<br />
also those who want to avoid this<br />
sacred duty and the nation will not<br />
forgive them." Defense Ministry officIals<br />
said a quarter of a million<br />
men of military age have failed to<br />
show up for annual military service<br />
registration checks, an offence.<br />
80<br />
Fifty Kurds start hunger<br />
strike in London<br />
Reuters<br />
LONDON- Fifty Kurds started a hunger strike at a<br />
community centre in London on Monday <strong>de</strong>manding<br />
that Turkey ends what they called "its campaign of<br />
genoci<strong>de</strong> and <strong>de</strong>population In Kurdistan." The 50 protesters,<br />
on an "unlImited" hunger strike, expect hundreds<br />
more people to join them at the Kurdish and<br />
Turkish Community Centre<br />
ment faxed to Reuters said.<br />
in north London, a state-<br />
.<br />
It reported that the action was also in protest against<br />
bans on the Kurdish people's right to organize them-<br />
. selves in European countries, particularly Germany<br />
and France.<br />
"Kurdish people were forced to come to this country<br />
beçause they supported the nationallib,~ration struggle<br />
being led by the PKK (rebel group), the statement<br />
said. "We will continue to support the struggle<br />
.wherever we are."<br />
. .The hunger.s.trikers also want an end to arms sales<br />
by European nations to Turkey, and <strong>de</strong>mand the British<br />
government send a <strong>de</strong>legation to Kurdistan to assess<br />
the situation there.
REvuE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASlN ÖZETi<br />
PEl'( A111eI1canCenter<br />
568 Broadway, New York, New York 10012<br />
(212) 334-1660/Cables: Acinterpen New York/Fax: (212) 334-2181<br />
Honorary<br />
Presi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
louiS Begley<br />
Vtce Presi<strong>de</strong>nts<br />
Russell Banks<br />
Maureen Howard<br />
Walter Mosley<br />
Victor Navasky<br />
lionel Tiger<br />
VICe Presi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
Salman Rushdie<br />
Treasurer<br />
Elaine Mar1
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
apparently ùn<strong>de</strong>rground: Telephone lines at all of Ozgür GÜll<strong>de</strong>m's offices were<br />
.cut off on December 10 and Il and the newspaper was unable to publish its normal<br />
Saturday edition. The police reportedly confiscated most of the newspaper's<br />
computer files, and all its accounting records. Several pieces of newspaper's<br />
equipment were either damaged or broken during the raid; the Turkish authorities<br />
have refused to comment on any aspect of the operation.<br />
The newspaper was reportedly published again on December 14, but three bus<br />
loads of police officers have stationed themselves outsi<strong>de</strong> the newspaper's offices,<br />
. intimidating staff and disrupting the newspaper's activities.<br />
On December Il police also rai<strong>de</strong>d O=gü,. GÜll<strong>de</strong>m's Adana, Izmir, Elazig, Batman,<br />
Van and Antep bureaus, <strong>de</strong>taining all those found on the premises at the time.<br />
I1aes Ç<strong>et</strong>inkaya and Be)'han Günyeli from the Adana Bureau are sti1l said to be in<br />
<strong>de</strong>tention and Serdar Karakoç, Riza Zingal, Namik Alkan, Emin Unay, and Leyla<br />
Akgül from the Izmir bureau, Cengiz Talj, MenaC Al'ci, and Yalçn Sel'inç from the<br />
Elazig offic.~, Salih Dinç from the Batman office, Bülent Çiftei, Irfan Uçar,<br />
Soraff<strong>et</strong>in Ozalp, Adil Harmanca and Meljruk Çiftçi from the Van bureau and<br />
Ahm<strong>et</strong> Çaldiran, and Ismail Kelleci from the Antep bureau a1l remain in <strong>de</strong>tention<br />
un<strong>de</strong>r police custody. None of the journalists has been forma1ly charged and PEN<br />
fears that they may be subjected to inhumane treatment. The reasons for the raid<br />
are unclear, but a police source is said to have confirmed that the action was taken<br />
because of two court rulings in late November granting two 15 day closure or<strong>de</strong>rs<br />
against the newspaper for spreading separatist propaganda. Newspaper officials<br />
maintain that they did not observe the closure or<strong>de</strong>r because the <strong>de</strong>cision was sti1l<br />
pending in appeal court.<br />
In an earlier inci<strong>de</strong>nt on December 9, the Diyarbakir office of Ozgü,. Gü<strong>de</strong>m was<br />
rai<strong>de</strong>d ~.nd several reporters arrested. Those sti1l said to be in <strong>de</strong>tention inclu<strong>de</strong><br />
Hasan Ozgün, M. ~.iraç Koç, Necmiye Aslanoglu, Mehm<strong>et</strong>~ah Yildiz, Nuran<br />
Tekdag and Bitan Onen, none of whom has y<strong>et</strong> been charged with any criminal<br />
activity. One of the journalists now in custody, Necmiye Aslanoglu, had been<br />
previously <strong>de</strong>tained on November 25 in the village of Biric but released a few days<br />
later. She and a~other reporter from Ôzgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m, Nalan Alici, had been<br />
assisting an investigative mission to the southeast organzied by a group of Kurdish<br />
and British journalists and tra<strong>de</strong> unionists. Reports indicate that they were both<br />
. physically mistreated, insulted, and threatened with <strong>de</strong>ath if they recounted their<br />
treatment while in <strong>de</strong>tention. The police were said to have beaten Ms. Aslanoglu<br />
so that she might confess to having had associations with the PKK, but they were<br />
unable to extract any admissions.<br />
~qually disturbing are the reports that Yilmaz Yakut, a 19-year old distributor for<br />
Ozgü,. Gü<strong>de</strong>m, was shot and injured in the back on December 3 and that Adnan<br />
I~ik, another distributor for the newspaper in Van province, was shot <strong>de</strong>ad on<br />
November 27. He had a1legedly been warned by police to stop distributing copies<br />
of the newspaper.<br />
82<br />
Inits eighteen months of publication, Özgü,. GÜl1<strong>de</strong>m has been the object of some<br />
one-hundred seventy judicial proceedings. Nine of its reporters and eleven of its<br />
distributors have been mur<strong>de</strong>red and two hundred issues of the newspaper have<br />
been confiscated. PEN notes with <strong>de</strong>ep dismay that police investigations into the<br />
ki1lings have .uncovered no clues as to the i<strong>de</strong>ntity of the mur<strong>de</strong>rers and that no one<br />
has y<strong>et</strong> been charged for any of the <strong>de</strong>aths.<br />
PEN is <strong>de</strong>eply perturbed by' the continued reports of harassment and intimidation<br />
against those working for O=gü,. Giill<strong>de</strong>m. We ca1l on your government to release
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RMSTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASlN ÖZETi<br />
all those now <strong>de</strong>tained, if they cannot be shown'guilty of any criminal activity, anu<br />
we further urge you to lake every possible Slep to investigate all reports of torture<br />
and mistreatment. We also ask that you ensure that all the confiscated material is<br />
r<strong>et</strong>urned to Ö=gü,. GÜll<strong>de</strong>m and that the newspaper is compensated for all damages<br />
to its equipment and offices.<br />
While we appreciate that these are turbulent limes in your country, we also believe<br />
that it is exactly at these junctures in a nation's history that the freedoms of speech<br />
and association are both nt their most vulnerable and most indispensable. The<br />
Turkish government has therefore an obligation to <strong>de</strong>fend these freedoms to the<br />
best of its ability concr<strong>et</strong>e steps to end the continued harassment and intimation of<br />
Ö=gür GÜll<strong>de</strong>m and all those affiliated with it.<br />
We thank you for your attention and we await your response.<br />
Sincerely,<br />
~/~~11<br />
Louis Begley<br />
Presi<strong>de</strong>nt, PEN American Center<br />
[;,1l1 Y/.L (rj<br />
Faith Sale<br />
J4y SI/ßV1 f 4r )<br />
kose Styror!<br />
Co-Chairs, Freedom-to- Write Committee<br />
" ) - h'ncl' I rance'Pre'w'- \, F p, - \~l'nll' I r,1I1ll'Prl'~~l'- \.L Il. - \~l'Illl' Il ,lllll' Pll'\\l'- \, F Il. - \~l'nll' I Llllll' Pn'\\l'- , " ,<br />
FRA0143 4 I 0146 IRK IAFP-LY64<br />
Irak-Kut~<strong>de</strong>s<br />
Trois tu~s dans <strong>de</strong>s affrontements inter-kur<strong>de</strong>s dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak<br />
ERBIL (Irak), 15 d~c (AFP) - Des combats ont oppos~ <strong>de</strong>ux formations kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
rivales durant quatre jours dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak sous contrOle kur<strong>de</strong>,<br />
faisant au moins trois tu~s <strong>et</strong> plusieurs bless~s, a-t-on appris mercredi <strong>de</strong><br />
sources concordantes.<br />
Les affrontements, qui ont cess~ mardi, ont mis aux prises le Parti<br />
d~mocratique du Kurdistan (PDK, <strong>de</strong> Massoud Barzani), <strong>et</strong> une aile du parti<br />
socialiste dirig~e par Hama Haci Mahmoud, a indiqu~ un porte-pat~ole du<br />
Il gouv<strong>et</strong>~nement Il kur<strong>de</strong> install ~ dans 1es t~~gions ~chappant au pouvo h~ du l'~~gime<br />
du pr~si<strong>de</strong>nt Saddam Hussein.<br />
Des armes lour<strong>de</strong>s, dont l'artillerie, ont ~t~ utilis~es dans les combats<br />
qui se sont d~l'~oul~s notamment à Et~bil, siège du "gouv<strong>et</strong>~nement" kUt"<strong>de</strong>, <strong>et</strong><br />
Souleimanieh, selon <strong>de</strong>s sour<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> s~curit~ kur<strong>de</strong>s.<br />
1s-mchl 1ba/bt~<br />
AFP 150940 DEe 93<br />
-------------------------R83~
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ~RNISTA<br />
STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Le Mon<strong>de</strong> - 15 décembre 1993<br />
Les Kur<strong>de</strong>s sont victimes <strong>de</strong> plusieurs conflits régionaux<br />
Alors que l'aviation. turque<br />
bombar<strong>de</strong> par intermittence,<br />
<strong>de</strong>puis la fin ,novembre, <strong>de</strong>s<br />
cibtes dans le Kurdistan irakien,<br />
déOx attentats, qui pourraient<br />
avoir été commis à l'instigation<br />
du' régime <strong>de</strong> Bagdad, ont visé,<br />
lundi 13 décembre, <strong>de</strong>s locaux<br />
.d'organisations humanitaires, à<br />
~ouleimanivé, faisant plusieurs<br />
victimes.<br />
Les avion turcs ont attaqué,<br />
lundi 1.3 décembre, <strong>de</strong>s basés du<br />
parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du Kurdistan<br />
(PKK), dans le nord <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Irak, a 'indiqué un responsable<br />
turc à J'agence Reuter. Le raid a<br />
'été mené à la suite d'une attaque<br />
:<strong>de</strong>s séparatistes kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> Tur-<br />
,quie, la veille, contre un poste<br />
militaire à Uzumlu, dans la province<br />
<strong>de</strong> Hakkari. Le 29 novem-<br />
,bre déjà, l'aviation turque avait<br />
;effectué <strong>de</strong>s raids dans le nord <strong>de</strong><br />
:l'Irak, contre <strong>de</strong>s rebelles kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
~qui«s'apprêtaient à perpétrer <strong>de</strong>s<br />
lactions» sur le territoire turc,<br />
selon la version officielle d'Ankara.<br />
Le Kurdistan irakien est ainsi<br />
<strong>de</strong>venu l'abcès <strong>de</strong> fixation <strong>de</strong>s<br />
:conflits qui opposent les régimes<br />
.turc <strong>et</strong> iranien à leurs' minorités<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s. Il est vrai que, placé sous<br />
:le parapluie aérien <strong>de</strong> la coalition<br />
;occi<strong>de</strong>ntale anti-irakienne<br />
l<strong>de</strong>puis avril 1991, il est le refuge<br />
d'un certain nombre <strong>de</strong> combattants<br />
<strong>de</strong> ces minorités.'<br />
Cela autorise-t-il pour autant,<br />
sans susciter d'autre réaction<br />
öcci<strong>de</strong>ntale que verbale - <strong>et</strong><br />
encore du bout <strong>de</strong>s lèvres! - les<br />
bombar<strong>de</strong>ments aériens <strong>et</strong> terrestres<br />
auxquels se livrent les Iraniens<br />
<strong>et</strong> les Turcs? Car quoi<br />
qu'en disent les porte-parole <strong>de</strong><br />
Téhéran ou d'Ankara, ces pilonnages<br />
ne sont pas vraiment « chirurgicaux»;<br />
ce sont' <strong>de</strong>s civils<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s irakiens qui sont tués ou<br />
blessés. C'est également la souve-<br />
.f.;lin<strong>et</strong>é du territoire irakien qui<br />
est ainsi bafouée. Le 29 novembre<br />
déjà, le représentant du<br />
«gouvernement» kur<strong>de</strong> irakien à<br />
<strong>Paris</strong>, Mohamad Ismaïl, s'était<br />
indigné <strong>de</strong>s «al/égations» turques<br />
a,u suj<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la présence du PKK<br />
en territoire irakien. «Il y a environ<br />
<strong>de</strong>ux semaines, <strong>et</strong> en la présence<br />
d'un 'observateur turc, les<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s 'irakiens ont entrepris un<br />
véritable ratissage <strong>de</strong> l'ensemble<br />
du Kurdistan, <strong>de</strong> Zakho jusqu'à la<br />
frontière iranienne. Cela nous a<br />
permis <strong>de</strong> constater qu'il n'y avait<br />
aucun camp d'entraînement, ni<br />
aucune présence militaire <strong>de</strong> combattants<br />
du PKK», nous avait<br />
déclaré M. Isman.<br />
Selon lui, le «gouvernement»<br />
kur<strong>de</strong> irakien respecte à la l<strong>et</strong>tre<br />
l'accord conclu avec la Turquie à<br />
l'automne 1992,. à la suite <strong>de</strong> la<br />
vaste offensive turque en territoire<br />
irakien contre le PKK. Et<br />
c<strong>et</strong> accord avait mis fin à la présence<br />
militaire <strong>de</strong> ce <strong>de</strong>rnier dans<br />
le Kurdistan irakien.<br />
Mais M. Ismaïl <strong>de</strong>meure perplexe.<br />
Sauf à adm<strong>et</strong>tre, dit-il,<br />
qu'il existe au sein du gouvernement<br />
<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s forces armées turques<br />
<strong>de</strong>s fractions qui sont hostiles<br />
à <strong>de</strong> bonnes relations entre<br />
Ankara <strong>et</strong> les Kur<strong>de</strong>s d'Irak,<br />
comment comprendre, en eff<strong>et</strong>,<br />
que la Turquie envoie d'une part<br />
une assistance humanitaire à ces<br />
<strong>de</strong>rniers - 13 millions <strong>de</strong> dollars<br />
ont été consacrés à c<strong>et</strong>te fin - <strong>et</strong><br />
.pilonne d'autre part <strong>de</strong>s localités<br />
du Kurdistan.<br />
Car, affirme notre interlocuteur,<br />
ce sont bien <strong>de</strong>s agglomérations<br />
civiles qui ont "té victimes<br />
<strong>de</strong>s raids aériem turcs, le<br />
29 novembre. L'un a visé la localité<br />
<strong>de</strong> Barzan - à une cinquantaine<br />
<strong>de</strong> kilomètres <strong>de</strong> la frontière<br />
turque - au moment même<br />
où les <strong>de</strong>ux principaux dirigeants<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s irakiens, Massoud Barzani<br />
<strong>et</strong> Jalal Talbani, tenaient une réunion<br />
à Silopi, avec <strong>de</strong>s responsables<br />
militaires turcs. Les raids<br />
turcs, précise-t-i1, ont tué quatre<br />
èivils <strong>et</strong> blessé six a1;1tres.<br />
Les Kur<strong>de</strong>s irakiens s'inquiètent<br />
au <strong>de</strong>meurant <strong>de</strong> la consultation<br />
périodique instaurée entre<br />
Ankara, Téhéran <strong>et</strong> Damas sur la<br />
situation dans le Kurdistan irakien<br />
dont la «liberté» relative<br />
risque <strong>de</strong> donner <strong>de</strong>s idées à<br />
leurs propres minorités kur<strong>de</strong>s.<br />
Indifférence,<br />
<strong>de</strong>s Océi<strong>de</strong>ntaux<br />
Sans faire <strong>de</strong> concessions à la<br />
thèse du «complot», il existe en<br />
eff<strong>et</strong> une certaine similitu<strong>de</strong> entre<br />
le comportement <strong>de</strong> la Turquie <strong>et</strong><br />
celui <strong>de</strong> l'Iran. Depuis la mi-novembre,<br />
indique M. Isman, il n'y<br />
a plus eu <strong>de</strong> bombar<strong>de</strong>ments iraniens<br />
sur le Kurdistan irakien.<br />
Mais tout laisse à penser que ce<br />
n'est qu'un répit, car <strong>de</strong>puis le<br />
printemps <strong>de</strong>rnier, l'armée iranienne<br />
a régulièrement pilonné ce<br />
secteur, sous le prétexte qu'il<br />
abrite une base <strong>de</strong>s rebelles<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s iraniens.<br />
Selon <strong>de</strong>s témoignages recueillis<br />
l'été <strong>de</strong>rnier par !Jne commission<br />
d'enquête <strong>de</strong> la Fédération<br />
internationale <strong>de</strong>s ligues <strong>de</strong>s<br />
droits <strong>de</strong> l'Homme (FILDH) <strong>et</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong> la Fondation France-Libertés,<br />
les Iraniens utilisent l'aviation <strong>et</strong><br />
l'artillerie à longue portée.<br />
En juill<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>rnier il y a même eu<br />
une incursion <strong>de</strong> l'armée en territoire<br />
irakien. « Nous rapportons<br />
tous les inci<strong>de</strong>nts au comman<strong>de</strong>ment<br />
militaire <strong>de</strong> la coalition<br />
occi<strong>de</strong>ntale à Zakho. Les Occi<strong>de</strong>ntaux<br />
nous affirment qu'ils font<br />
pression par les voies diplomatiques»,<br />
indique M. IsmaïI. Ces<br />
pressions ne paraissent pas très<br />
efficaces.<br />
Les Kur<strong>de</strong>s irakiens sont d'autant<br />
plus amers que les bombar<strong>de</strong>ments<br />
iraniens <strong>et</strong> turcs ne font<br />
que compliquer une situation<br />
déjà très difficile. A l'instar du<br />
reste <strong>de</strong> la population irakienne,<br />
les Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>meurent en eff<strong>et</strong><br />
soumis à l'embargo imposé par la<br />
communauté internationale à<br />
l'Irak, mais qui se double d'un<br />
embargo arbitraire pratiquép.ar<br />
le gouvernement irakien luimême,<br />
qui contrôle la distribution<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'assistance alimentaire.<br />
Sans oublier les attentats que<br />
les Kur<strong>de</strong>s irakiens imputent<br />
aussi bien à Bagdad qu'à Téhéran,<br />
selon les circonstances.<br />
Lundi 13 décembre encore, selon<br />
un communiqué <strong>de</strong> l'organisation<br />
humanitaire Handicap International,<br />
une charge <strong>de</strong> 10 à 20 kilos<br />
d'explosif, placée à l'intérieur du<br />
centre d'appareillage tenu par<br />
Handicap à Souleimaniyé, a<br />
détruit totalement les locaux <strong>et</strong><br />
fait au moins une vingtaine <strong>de</strong><br />
victimes parmi les patients. Le<br />
même jour, un attentat à l'explosif<br />
a visé les bureaux <strong>de</strong> l'organisation<br />
australienne CARE dans la<br />
même ville, blessant grièvement<br />
<strong>de</strong>ux employés.<br />
Handicap international, qui<br />
n'i<strong>de</strong>ntifie pas les auteurs <strong>de</strong> ces<br />
attentats, indiquent néanmoins,<br />
que, selon un communiqué du;<br />
contingent <strong>de</strong> l'ONU eR Irak, <strong>de</strong>s.<br />
combats auraient opposé le<br />
même jour «<strong>de</strong>s partis politiques<br />
rivaux» qui seraient manipulés<br />
« en sous-main par l'Irak ou<br />
l'Iran ».<br />
«Alors que les Kur<strong>de</strong>s ont été à<br />
l'origine d'une résolution - 'du<br />
Conseil' <strong>de</strong> sécurité (688) - considérée<br />
par certains comme l'ex.<br />
pression d'un <strong>de</strong>voir d'ingérence<br />
<strong>de</strong> la Communauté internationale,<br />
ils ont le sentiment aujourd'hui<br />
d'être tragiquement abandonnés»,<br />
écrit la ,commission'<br />
d'enquête <strong>de</strong> la FILDH. Les responsables<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s irakiens nourrissent<br />
également <strong>de</strong>s craintes <strong>de</strong>,<br />
voir progressivement réhabilité le<br />
régime irakien, après sa récente<br />
acceptation <strong>de</strong> la résolution 715<br />
du Conseil <strong>de</strong> sécurité lui imposant<br />
une surveillance à long<br />
terme <strong>de</strong> son désarmement. Cela<br />
se fera, disent-ils, aux dépens <strong>de</strong><br />
l'ensemble <strong>de</strong> l'opposition irakienne<br />
<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la minorité kur<strong>de</strong> en<br />
particulier.<br />
MOU NA NAïM'<br />
84<br />
turquie:<br />
Hassana,<br />
village chrétien,<br />
n'existe plus<br />
Le 7 novembre, le maire <strong>de</strong> Hassana (Kösrali,<br />
en turc), p<strong>et</strong>it village assyrien catholique<br />
<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux cent dix habitants, dans le<br />
sud-est <strong>de</strong> la Turquie, lançait un appel urgent<br />
à la communauté internationale: l'armée<br />
turque, affirmait-il, a averti que le v.illage<br />
serait bombardé s'il n'était pas évacué<br />
avant le 20 novembre.<br />
La seule réponse à l'appel a été la mise à<br />
exécution <strong>de</strong> la menace... Dans un communiqué<br />
publié <strong>de</strong>ux jours plus tard à Zurich,<br />
l'organisation <strong>de</strong> défense <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong><br />
l'homme, Christian Solidarity International<br />
(CS!) a annoncé que Hassana avait été<br />
rasé <strong>et</strong> ses habitants provisoireme.nt accueillis<br />
dans les trois villages assyriens qui<br />
subsistent dans c<strong>et</strong>te région où s'affrontent<br />
forces <strong>de</strong> sécurité turques <strong>et</strong> militants du<br />
Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du Kurdistan (PKK).<br />
L'Association <strong>de</strong>s mésopotamiens <strong>de</strong> Suisse<br />
a dénoncé pour sa part «l'intolérance<br />
politique <strong>et</strong> religieuse» <strong>de</strong> l'Etat turc, l'accusant<br />
<strong>de</strong> vouloir vi<strong>de</strong>r la région <strong>de</strong> toute<br />
présence chrétienne.
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
A.F.P. - Agence France Presse - A.F.P. - Agence France Presse - A.F.P. - Agence France Presse - A.F.P. - Agence France Presse<br />
FRA0553 4 GI 0135 FRA /AFP-QC30<br />
TI..n-qui e-pt'eS-5e<br />
Reporters sans Frontières défend le quotidien pro-kur<strong>de</strong> Ozgur Gun<strong>de</strong>m<br />
PARIS, 15 déc (AFP) - L'association <strong>de</strong> défense <strong>de</strong> la liberté <strong>de</strong> la press~<br />
Reporters sans Frontières pro~este mercredi dans un communiqué contre "la<br />
vaste opér'ation policièr'e" menée vendr'edi en Tut"quie contt"e le quotidien<br />
pro-kur<strong>de</strong> Ozgur Gun<strong>de</strong>m. ~<br />
Liassociation affirme que l'cinq jours plus tard, au moins 18 salariés,<br />
dont les pt'incipaux t'esponsables <strong>de</strong> la t"édaction, ~ont tOI.ljow"s détf~T1I-tS"<strong>et</strong><br />
que "cer"tains aw'aient été soumis à la tOt't1:tt'e".<br />
Reporters sans Frontières déclare qu'Ozgur Gun<strong>de</strong>m "est un journal kur<strong>de</strong><br />
qui rend compte <strong>de</strong> la réalité du pays, sans appel à la violence", <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong><br />
"la libération immédiate <strong>et</strong> sans conditions <strong>de</strong> tous ses salariés encore<br />
détenus simplement pour fait"e par"tie <strong>de</strong> ce JOI_n-nal".<br />
cr/<strong>et</strong><br />
AFP 151850 DEC 93<br />
Le PK/( n'estpas interdit••• 15~~m~~<br />
mais Berne caresse la Turquie<br />
Ankara ne l'a pas empörté.<br />
Le Gouvernement<br />
suisse s'est prononcé<br />
contre l'interdiction du Parti<br />
<strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du Kurdistan<br />
sur le territoire <strong>de</strong> la<br />
Confédération. TI a eu bien<br />
du mérite à le faire. Prenùèrement,<br />
les chefs <strong>de</strong>s Départements<br />
<strong>de</strong>s affaires étrangères<br />
<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> justice <strong>et</strong> police<br />
étaient invités par certains<br />
<strong>de</strong> leurs collaborateurs à<br />
adopter une ligne ferme en<br />
imitant l'Allemagne <strong>et</strong> en tenant<br />
compte <strong>de</strong> la France.<br />
Certains à Berne n'hésitaient<br />
pas à dire que, Bonn<br />
ayant parlé, la cause était<br />
entendue. TI y a <strong>de</strong>s diplomates<br />
suisses qui ont acquis<br />
une telle habitu<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> s'incliner<br />
<strong>de</strong>vant Washington ou<br />
Bonn qu'ils ne se redressent<br />
même plus entre <strong>de</strong>ux courb<strong>et</strong>tes.<br />
TIs atten<strong>de</strong>nt qu'on<br />
les prie <strong>de</strong> relever la tête.<br />
Deuxièmement, la chute<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'empire communiste n'a<br />
pas entraîné l'extinction <strong>de</strong><br />
$1exes anticommunistes.<br />
Le Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du<br />
Kurdistan est d'appellation<br />
communiste. C'est suffisant<br />
pour qu'on lui prête une attention<br />
teintée d'une hostilité<br />
que l'on ne témoigne<br />
pas à égale mesure aux<br />
mouvements d'extrême<br />
droite. Peu importe que l'appui<br />
<strong>de</strong> ce qu'il reste <strong>de</strong> com-<br />
FRANÇOIS<br />
GROSS<br />
rédacteur en chef<br />
<strong>de</strong> Radio suisse<br />
internationale<br />
munisme international lui<br />
soit calculé au plus juste.<br />
L'étiqu<strong>et</strong>te fait davantage en<br />
l'occurrence que le contenu.<br />
Sur les pâturages <strong>de</strong> la p0-<br />
lice fédérale paissent encore<br />
<strong>de</strong>s taureaux que la moiI\dre<br />
tache rouge excite.<br />
Troisièmement, l'interdiction<br />
juridique <strong>et</strong> policière<br />
d'un parti exercé à la clan<strong>de</strong>stinité<br />
est d'une efficacité<br />
douteuse. On surveille<br />
nùeux un sous-marin en<br />
surface qu'en plongée.<br />
Berne n'est, cependant,<br />
pas tombé dans l'angélisme.<br />
Le PKK est ce qu'il<br />
est: le fer <strong>de</strong> lance d'un<br />
mouvement nationaliste<br />
crnel1ement. opprimé. u.De<br />
recule <strong>de</strong>vant aucune tuerie,<br />
<strong>de</strong>vant aucun crime pour<br />
faire avancer la cause <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s.<br />
Odieuse, c<strong>et</strong>te violence<br />
ne <strong>de</strong>vratt susciter ~ucune.<br />
~e chez ties<br />
avocats <strong>et</strong> les partisans<br />
d'une <strong>et</strong>hnie persécutée.<br />
Comme le FLN dans la<br />
guerre d'Indépendance <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Algérie, comme l'IRA luttan~<br />
pour l'unité irlandaise,<br />
le PKK recourt au terrorisme.<br />
Question: aurait-il à<br />
le faire si Ankara pratiquait<br />
à l'endroit <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s une<br />
politique autre que celle du<br />
feu <strong>et</strong> du sang?<br />
A la merci d'une armée<br />
décidée à en découdre par<br />
les armes, le Gouvernement<br />
turc couvre massacres, tueries<br />
<strong>et</strong> torture. Viendrait-il à<br />
s'en distancer pour emprunter<br />
l'étroit sentier d'une négociation<br />
éventtJelle qu'il seràlt<br />
sous la mence d'un coup<br />
d'Etat militaire. Ainsi, on<br />
rencontre <strong>de</strong>s politiciens <strong>et</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong>s diplomates turcs qui ne<br />
sont <strong>de</strong> loin pas <strong>de</strong>s barbares<br />
<strong>et</strong>. qui justifient l'injustifiable<br />
sans l'ombre<br />
d'une réserve; collUnft.avant<br />
eux, <strong>de</strong>s Français, <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Blancs d'Afrique du Sud <strong>et</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong>s Israéliens. Et - comme<br />
l'Algérie prétendument française,<br />
l'apartheid ou les territoires<br />
conquis par Israël au<br />
détriment <strong>de</strong> leurs légitimes<br />
habitants - il se trouve <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Suisses pour se faire les<br />
complices <strong>de</strong>s tyrans. «Le<br />
marché n'a ni conscience ni<br />
miséricor<strong>de</strong>», a écrit Octavio<br />
Paz, cité tout récemment à<br />
la télévision française par<br />
l'ancien nùnistre communiste<br />
Jack Ralite.<br />
n ne s'étonnera pas que<br />
O les marchands suisses<br />
intéressés à vendre ou à investir<br />
en 'furquie illustrent<br />
le plus souvent c<strong>et</strong> apho-;<br />
risme. Plus surprenante est,<br />
en revanche, l'attitu<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />
fonctionnaires fédéraux à<br />
genoux <strong>de</strong>vant la montée en<br />
puissance <strong>de</strong> la 'furquie au<br />
point d'en perdre toute lucidité.<br />
Faut-il leur apprendre<br />
qu'il n'y a <strong>de</strong> grand Etat que<br />
celui ayant gagné le respect<br />
<strong>de</strong> la communauté internationale<br />
par la façon dont il a<br />
trouvé une solution à ses<br />
problèmes <strong>de</strong> minorités? Ce<br />
rayonnement manque totalement<br />
à Ankara, où le pouvoir<br />
a opté pour la force sans<br />
le droit. Interdire purement<br />
<strong>et</strong> simplement le PKK en<br />
Suisse aurait fait le jeu <strong>de</strong> la<br />
'furquie sans avoir la certitu<strong>de</strong><br />
d'une efficacité à tous<br />
crins. La Suisse - qui sait à<br />
quoi s'en tenir <strong>de</strong>puis la fusilla<strong>de</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong>vant l'ambassa<strong>de</strong><br />
turque à Berne <strong>et</strong> n'a plus à<br />
Ankara d'ambassa<strong>de</strong>ur -<br />
n'a pas à faire <strong>de</strong>s ca<strong>de</strong>aux<br />
aux Turcs. C'est au PKK <strong>de</strong><br />
se comporter sur le sol <strong>de</strong> la<br />
Confédération <strong>de</strong> telle sorte<br />
que l'on n'ait pas recours à<br />
l'interdiction. TI se sait en<br />
sursis <strong>et</strong> sous surveillance.<br />
En faisant preuve <strong>de</strong> beaucoup<br />
<strong>de</strong> r<strong>et</strong>enue, il regagnerait<br />
la confiance que ses<br />
crimes ont érodée chez les<br />
anùs qu'il compte en Suisse.<br />
F.G.o<br />
85
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA çAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA.DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Yvan Tellier<br />
entre <strong>de</strong>ux voyages<br />
Le Kurdistan en bus <strong>et</strong> en auto-stop'<br />
Ouest - France - 15 décembre 1993<br />
Lors d'une conférence à la<br />
culture .. C<strong>et</strong>te rég.ion, le jeune<br />
cantine, Yvan Tellier a présenté<br />
ses diapositives <strong>et</strong> li-<br />
en auto-stop, <strong>et</strong> c'est mieux pour<br />
aventurier l'a traversée en bus <strong>et</strong><br />
vré ses impressions sur le<br />
être plus proche <strong>de</strong>s gens ... Plus<br />
'peuple kur<strong>de</strong>. Témoignag.,.<br />
...<br />
.-proche pour ne plus fermer les<br />
proche pour comprendre. pius<br />
yeux.<br />
Ylian Tellier ést reparti chez<br />
. ses amis kur<strong>de</strong>s. Non pas en<br />
Curieux <strong>de</strong> tout, Yvan Tellier a<br />
visité le Moyen-Orient. S'intéressant<br />
plus particulièrement aux<br />
simple touriste, mais. pour mener<br />
une enquête économique. A son<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>et</strong> forts <strong>de</strong> 25 millions<br />
r<strong>et</strong>ollr, Il ne manquera pas d'animer<br />
<strong>de</strong>s débats <strong>et</strong> d'écrire à nou-<br />
d'âmes, les Kur<strong>de</strong>s constituent<br />
sans doute le plus grand peuple<br />
veau <strong>de</strong>s p<strong>et</strong>itS. articles sur sa'<br />
<strong>de</strong> la terre qui soit privé d'État ...<br />
démarche.<br />
Impossible <strong>de</strong> montrer du doigt le<br />
'Kurdistan, pays sans frontière, • Club <strong>de</strong>s ainés ruraux<br />
sur une .mappemon<strong>de</strong> <strong>et</strong> le peup!ement<br />
kur<strong>de</strong> s'étale sur une su. d'année, la réunion mensuelle<br />
En raison <strong>de</strong>S fêtes d~ fin<br />
perflcle d'environ 500000 km carrés<br />
à cheval sur trois pays: la mercredi 22, à 14 h, à la cantine.<br />
aura lieu exceptionnellement le<br />
Turquie, l'Iran <strong>et</strong> l'Irak ...<br />
Aux intéressés qui souhaitent recevoir<br />
la revue " Les r<strong>et</strong>raités au<br />
Yvan. Tellier raconte les hommes<br />
dans leur quotidien, leurs village", il sera réclamé 30 F.<br />
coutumes selon le pays qu'ils habitent.<br />
Ils parlent <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s à <strong>de</strong> Noël viendra agrémenter le<br />
Comme chaque année, la bOche<br />
travers l'histoire <strong>et</strong> présente leur goOter.<br />
Yvan Tellier le montre sur la' carte. le Kurdistan est icI<br />
LE COURRIER - 16 décembre 1993 LA CROIX -15 décembre 1993<br />
SOlIDARITÉ<br />
Des Genevois se mobilisent<br />
pour défendre les Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
Des Genevois lancent un appel pour faire pression sur<br />
l'Etat turc afin qu!i1respecte les droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme.<br />
Le 12 décembre <strong>de</strong>rnier, la Genevoise<br />
Josiane Hausser, mandatée par le<br />
Parti socialiste suisse pour suivre<br />
l'évolution <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme en<br />
Turquie, a appris qu'un grand noinbre<br />
<strong>de</strong> journalistes avaient été arrêtés par<br />
la police <strong>de</strong>ux jours auparavant. Elle a<br />
reçu ce témoignage <strong>de</strong> la part <strong>de</strong> M.<br />
Ercan Kanar, vice-prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong> la Ligue<br />
<strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme <strong>de</strong> Turquie<br />
(IHD) <strong>et</strong> prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong> la section d'Istanbul.<br />
Il a communiqué à Mme Josiane<br />
Hausser que quatorze journalistes<br />
seraient actuellement torturés. La<br />
socialiste genevoise .<strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> ainsi<br />
que <strong>de</strong>s messages <strong>de</strong> protestation - <strong>et</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong> soutien envers ces journalistes détenus<br />
- soient envoyés par télécopie au<br />
ministre <strong>de</strong> la Justice M. Seyfi Oktay<br />
(312/418 64 85) <strong>et</strong> au ministre <strong>de</strong> la<br />
Culture M. Firki Saglar (téléphone<br />
312/3240322).<br />
De son côté, la délégation suisse <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Assemblée européenne <strong>de</strong>s citoyens<br />
(HCA) - <strong>de</strong> r<strong>et</strong>our d'Ankara où s'est<br />
tenue la troisième réunion <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te<br />
86<br />
organisation - <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> au Gouvernement<br />
turc <strong>de</strong> respecter les droits <strong>de</strong><br />
l'homme <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> garantir la sécurité <strong>de</strong>s<br />
associations œuvrant pour ces droits.<br />
Le HCA <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> également que le<br />
Parti démocratique <strong>et</strong> le PKK, tous<br />
<strong>de</strong>ux kur<strong>de</strong>s, soient légalisés, car ils<br />
représentent une partie importante <strong>de</strong><br />
la population kur<strong>de</strong>, <strong>et</strong> que <strong>de</strong> réelles<br />
négociations. soient entamées avec les<br />
associations kur<strong>de</strong>s. Le' Gouvernement<br />
suisse est également sollicité par<br />
la délégation helvétique afin «<strong>de</strong> tout<br />
m<strong>et</strong>tre en œuvre, sur son territoire <strong>et</strong><br />
dans ses rapports diplomatiques, pour<br />
inciter le Gouvernement turc à agir <strong>de</strong><br />
la sorte.» .<br />
L'association genevoise «Kurdistan<br />
indépendant» affirme en outre que<br />
plusieurs sympathisants du PKK <strong>de</strong><br />
Genève ont été renvoyés. C<strong>et</strong>te association<br />
a donc écrit au chef du Département<br />
<strong>de</strong> justice <strong>et</strong> police afin qu'il<br />
annule toute expulsion en cours.<br />
DENIS<br />
INKEI<br />
HISTOIRE (8)<br />
Le Ilambeau kur<strong>de</strong><br />
d'« ... Gulllel »<br />
• Le trIbun81 <strong>de</strong> .Or* <strong>de</strong> 1'~tIIt ciel éftnement. presque ml.<br />
cI'IaœIbuI I choisi Il dite du neure Il6z,orGun<strong>de</strong>m. Sept <strong>de</strong><br />
10 d6clem1n, )ourMe moncIIeIe III )oumallatea ont été ......<br />
.dia drolta <strong>de</strong> l'homme, pour .... en dix-huit mota.<br />
iporbtr un coup lU quo"dlen Le Journil, Il eat vrll, IIImente<br />
fa poI6mlque. All FIrat,<br />
'kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Ique.turque 6zg0r<br />
Gun<strong>de</strong>m. Le police JucIIcIeh I l'un <strong>de</strong> ... chronIqueurs, ne<br />
eII8ctu6 une perqul8ttlon cIIna eeraIt lutre qu'Abdullah Oe:.<br />
.... toc:aux du joumel Il lat8nboul,<br />
fan, le chef du PKIt Le 15 octo-<br />
plaçant 110 pII'IClftMIlQ ln, _l'un <strong>de</strong> ... M1ltor1aux,<br />
ger<strong>de</strong> IIWI. Des op6rdona IImllelrea<br />
ont 616 m.... Il lier-<br />
d''''' partiale. Daux Jours plus<br />
Il accu.. 1t Il pre... turque<br />
aln, A<strong>de</strong>ne <strong>et</strong> izmIr. D1mench1, tard, Il PKK Interdlaalt Il tout<br />
39 collibomeura du journel organe <strong>de</strong> pre...... ucep16 Oz.<br />
61a1ent encore d6tenus.<br />
gQr Gun<strong>de</strong>m, di travailler dana<br />
. C<strong>et</strong>te op6r<strong>et</strong>Ion .pectecul.lre le lUCklat clupay., place forte<br />
n'Iat pe. une .urprt... 6zg0r cie la 9'*'111.<br />
'Gun<strong>de</strong>meat <strong>de</strong>pul ... criatlon, .Le .... ie, lore cie la perqul.1-<br />
en avrll1992, au canIN <strong>de</strong> Iou- tlon du 10 décembre, d'une<br />
.tea le. peaslons, aymbole d'un vingtaine cie masqueall gaz <strong>et</strong><br />
activisme kur<strong>de</strong> ~rnoc,.IIqUe cie <strong>de</strong>ux pistol<strong>et</strong>s, I en1lernmé<br />
pour le. uns, face légale d'un la presse lurque. Mal. le quotl.<br />
mouvement terroriste, le PKK dien a reçu <strong>de</strong>s soutlena <strong>de</strong><br />
(Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du Kur. poIda : ceux di Yasar Kemll, le<br />
.dl.tan) pour les autres. romancier lurc le plu. popu-<br />
Ya.lr KIYI, proprt6talre du .lllre, QU cie Necm<strong>et</strong>tln Erbakin,<br />
Journ'I, I été libéré le 7 déc:embra<br />
le prInclpalleacler I.laml.te. Le<br />
après un mol. <strong>et</strong> cleml <strong>de</strong> Journil <strong>de</strong>vllt r<strong>et</strong>rouver Il<br />
prlaon pour Ivolr tenu un discours<br />
piece dans lea kIoaquea mardi<br />
Jugé séparatiste en Irak matin.<br />
du Nord.<br />
InculpatIon., .al.lls, sont<br />
Clau<strong>de</strong> ORTACQ<br />
(A Istanbul)
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRffi','iA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Turkish Probe December 16, 1993<br />
17<br />
Human Bights Diary<br />
The Ankara State Security Court (DGM) sentences<br />
journalist-author Haluk Gerger to a one year<br />
and eight month prison term and fines him TL 208<br />
million on the grounds that he has spread separatist<br />
propaganda, violating Article 8 of the Anti-Terrorism<br />
law.<br />
(TON, Dec. 10)<br />
The Ankara DGM files a case against Human<br />
Rights Association (IHD) Chairman Akm Birdal,<br />
Contemporary Jurists' Association Executive Board<br />
Member lawyer Ali Ylldlrlm, Dr. Alpaslan Berktay<br />
(one of the foun<strong>de</strong>rs of the IHD), former <strong>de</strong>puty<br />
Hüsnü OkçuoQlu and writer-journalist Yalçm Küçük<br />
because of their speeches on the 44th anniversary<br />
of the Human Rights Declaration. They will be tried<br />
for disseminating propaganda against the nation's<br />
sovereignty.<br />
(Newspapers, Dec. 10)<br />
Journalist members of human rights group Amnesty<br />
International stage a <strong>de</strong>monstration outsi<strong>de</strong><br />
the Turkish Embassy in London to protest the <strong>de</strong>aths<br />
of media colleagues in Turkey. About 20 <strong>de</strong>monstrators<br />
from Amnesty's Journalists' N<strong>et</strong>work<br />
hand in a p<strong>et</strong>ition with 300 signatures <strong>de</strong>manding<br />
an inquiry into the cases of at least 12 reporters and<br />
newspaper distributors missing or killed in Turkey<br />
over the past year.<br />
(Newspapers, Dec. 11)<br />
The Kurdish rebellion in the Southeast has led to<br />
"appalling" human rights abuses in Turkey in 1993,<br />
according to a Human Rights Watch world report. It<br />
says that security forces have shot and killed civilians<br />
in house raids and used torture as an interrogation<br />
technique. "The government has chosen to <strong>de</strong>al<br />
with these problems by shooting and killing suspected<br />
members of extremist groups in violation of<br />
international agreements and standards. A large<br />
number of suspects have been killed in raids <strong>de</strong>scribed<br />
as shootouts by authorities but in which security<br />
forces are rarely killed or woun<strong>de</strong>d, creating a<br />
strong presumption that the suspects were <strong>de</strong>liberately<br />
executed," it says.• Contrary to international agreements,<br />
38 <strong>de</strong>monstrators sympath<strong>et</strong>ic to the<br />
Kurdish rebellion were shot by police in four cities in<br />
southeast Turkey," it claims.<br />
(TON, Dec. 11)<br />
Hayr<strong>et</strong>tin Ylldlz, 38, an elementary school teacher<br />
in the Çarlkll village of the southeastern province of<br />
Diyarba~r, is mur<strong>de</strong>red by an as y<strong>et</strong> uni<strong>de</strong>ntified<br />
assailant in the city center.<br />
(Newspapers, Dec. 11)<br />
On the 45th anniversary of the universal <strong>de</strong>claration<br />
of human rights (Dec. 10), Sabri Yavuz, the head of<br />
Parliament's Human Rights Commission, says it is<br />
not possible to paint a rosy picture regarding human<br />
rights in Turkey. The Union of the Turkish Bar Associations<br />
(TIB) says that the fact that capital punishment<br />
has again been put on Turkey's agenda is clear<br />
evi<strong>de</strong>nce of the lack of respect for human rights.<br />
(Newspapers. Dec. 11)<br />
Turkish police acting on or<strong>de</strong>rs from the DGM, raid<br />
the pro-Kurdish daily Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m, <strong>de</strong>taining employees<br />
in various cities. A total of 107 Özgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m<br />
employees are <strong>de</strong>tained in Istanbul alone on Friday.<br />
Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m offices in Izmir, Adana, Mersin<br />
and Batman are rai<strong>de</strong>d on Saturday, its Diyarbakir<br />
office on Thursday. A DGM statement claims that<br />
PKK members captured by security forces have testified<br />
that the newspaper's employees maintain organizationallinks<br />
with it. Strong reaction against the operation<br />
emerges. The International Fe<strong>de</strong>ration of Journalists<br />
(IFJ) issues a strongly-wor<strong>de</strong>d con<strong>de</strong>mnation<br />
Saturday. It says it sees the banning of the Turkish<br />
newspaper as part of a general increase in attacks on<br />
freedom of expression by all si<strong>de</strong>s in the Kurdish<br />
conflict. "Violations have inclu<strong>de</strong>d the killing of journalists,<br />
newspaper vendors and media workers and<br />
the expulsion of the media from the southeast of the<br />
country," it says. Meanwhile, Mustafa Ekmekçi, presi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
of the Contemporary Journalists' Association<br />
(CGD), and Necmi Tanyolaç, presi<strong>de</strong>nt of the Turkish<br />
Association of Journalists, Turkey's Press Council<br />
Chairman Oktay Ek!iiiand Turkey's Human Rights<br />
Association (IHD) all <strong>de</strong>nounce the action.<br />
(Newspapers, Dec. 11-12)<br />
A group of PKK terrorists gun down 13 peasant<br />
men, women and children in the houses of two civil<br />
<strong>de</strong>fense guards in Agaçkonak village of the southeastern<br />
province of Adlyaman.<br />
(Newspapers. Dec. 14)<br />
Police arrest two television journalists on charges<br />
of broadcasting material that encouraged Turks to<br />
eva<strong>de</strong> military service. Erhan Akyildlz, 46, a news<br />
producer, and Ali Tevfik Berber, 34, a journalist, are<br />
called into Istanbul police headquarters for questioning.<br />
Both men work at the Istanbul-based private television<br />
station HBB and last week they broadcast<br />
a TV program on draft dodgers and <strong>de</strong>serters from<br />
the army. Akkaya says the two will be tried in a<br />
military court and could each face a sentence of<br />
two months to two years imprisonment if found<br />
guilty.<br />
(Newspapers, Dec. 14)<br />
87
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVlEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RNISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />
turkish daily news - 16 décembre 1993<br />
terrorism leads<br />
Türke~ says MHP vote over 10%, offices<br />
Fonner MHP members win administrative posts in DYP, ANAP,<br />
crescent-star necklace 'in thing' in Turkish high soci<strong>et</strong>y<br />
MHP gesture 'wolf salute' spreads like wildfire throughout<br />
country, even in military aca<strong>de</strong>mies<br />
Following TV <strong>de</strong>bate b<strong>et</strong>ween Türke~ and DEP' s Orhan Dogan,<br />
public interest in Türke~ reported growing<br />
By Hayri<br />
Birler<br />
Turkish Daily News'<br />
ANKARA- A striking <strong>de</strong>velopment has occurred<br />
throughout Turkey in the past five to six months that'<br />
has affected all se~ments of soci<strong>et</strong>y. A political<br />
movement, which, tnough dating back to 1944, did<br />
not have any significant impact until recently, has<br />
started ~rawing great public attention and enjoyed<br />
growth on an unprece<strong>de</strong>nted scale.<br />
Public opinion polls indicate that the Nationalist<br />
Movement Party. the political representative of the<br />
movement whose voter support had never excee<strong>de</strong>d 4<br />
percent, now enjoys 8 to 9 percent voter support.<br />
Bizim Ocak (Our Hearth), a youth orgamzation that<br />
shares the same political i<strong>de</strong>as as the MHP, now has.<br />
over 800 frovincial offices throughout the country.<br />
The "wol salute," a oesture favored by the MHP<br />
youth - dubbed "ï'<strong>de</strong>aFists/ulkuculer" - by the public,<br />
is reported to be spreading like wildfire through<br />
schools. Reports that military stu<strong>de</strong>nts have started<br />
"wolf-saluting" are not disclaimed by military officials.<br />
The CUITentsympathy and interest has acquired<br />
such proportions that' crescent and star" necklaces - .<br />
Turkish symbols - have become the "in" thing<br />
amon!! members of Turkish high soci<strong>et</strong>y, which in the<br />
'past refused to si<strong>de</strong> with any extremist political creed<br />
.whatever.<br />
. This sud<strong>de</strong>n display of interest in the movement is<br />
bein~ witnessed in other parties of the right as well. A<br />
numtler' of key positions both in the senior coalition<br />
. partner True Path Party (DYP) and main opposition<br />
Motherland Party (ANAP) are occupied by people<br />
who served as MHP members prior to the coup of<br />
Sept. 12, 1980.<br />
"Our staff is so large that we help out.other parties,<br />
too," jokes MHP Chanman Alparslan Türke~.<br />
Commenting on the reflectIOn of such interest on<br />
Turkish bureaucrac~, MHP Deputy Chairman Rlza<br />
Müftüoglu says his party has fully pen<strong>et</strong>rated bureaucracy.<br />
"Formerly, when our party served as a coalition<br />
. partner, we had to search for party members to<br />
88<br />
appoint to posts at ininistries. Now there are so many<br />
of them that we now have to pick out those with b<strong>et</strong>ter<br />
qualifications among th~m. Those days are over."<br />
. . Analysts agree that thiS sud<strong>de</strong>n. unprece<strong>de</strong>nted<br />
mterest in the MHP and Türke~ stems from the. fact<br />
that "terrorist activity by the outlawed Kurdistan<br />
Workers' Party (PKK) leads to the j"mp's-growth."<br />
Growing interest<br />
following TV program<br />
Increasing terrorist activity by the PKK in the<br />
Southeast has been feeding anti-Kurdish sentiment in<br />
other parts of the country. .<br />
Especially in the Black Sea and Thrace regions,<br />
campaigns have been started against Kurds to prevent<br />
their employment and s<strong>et</strong>tlement there. Turkish<br />
nationalism is on the rise. Such <strong>de</strong>velopments manif~sted<br />
!hemselves most conspicuously followinß a<br />
discussIOn on Nov. 11 b<strong>et</strong>ween MHP lea<strong>de</strong>r TürKe~<br />
and Orhan Dogan, a <strong>de</strong>puty of the pro-Kurdish<br />
Democracy Party (DEP) on a public affairs program<br />
broadcast on TV. ~.<br />
Türke~ showed Dogan, who refused to <strong>de</strong>nounce<br />
the PKK as a terrorist organization, pictures of three-<br />
. month-old babies mur<strong>de</strong>red by the PKK. "How can a.<br />
human bein& massacre these babies?" asked Türke~,<br />
adding out lOud, "We are not going to allow this<br />
nation to be divi<strong>de</strong>d."<br />
The majority of those that watched Türkq th"it<br />
night started backing him, the foremost proponent of<br />
Turkish nationalism. Türkq' speech was applau<strong>de</strong>d<br />
even by those that did not back him. Such approval<br />
has led people that are not MHP members to probe<br />
into suc;h large-scale support for the MHP.<br />
Prime Minister Tansu Çiller immediately or<strong>de</strong>red a<br />
public opinion poll. It revealed that 68 percent of the<br />
masses believed that Turks should rise up against<br />
Kurds. In other words, two- thirds of the people<br />
believed that the Kurdish question must be sorved by<br />
means of harsh measures and that the persan they<br />
believed. capable of doing so was MHP lea<strong>de</strong>r
to<br />
grovvth<br />
of Turkic association exceeds 800<br />
Alpaslan Türke~. It was clear that the nationalist séntiment,<br />
free from state control, was \'eering towards<br />
the MHP. A conspicuous manifestation of which was<br />
at the funeral ceremonies of those killed by the PKK. .<br />
At one point, things seemed to have gallen out of<br />
hand when the people of Erzurum started moving<br />
towards the Kurdish-dominated section of the city.<br />
When security forces proved insufficient, authorities<br />
had to ask the MHP provincial organization for help.<br />
It was MHP officials that finally stopped the angry<br />
crowd.<br />
How large has the<br />
MHP grown?<br />
In the !!eneral elections of 1989, just before the<br />
PKK stepped up its terrorist campaign, the MHP °arnered<br />
4.5 percent of the vote. Before th~ gener~1 elections<br />
of 1991, the party formed an alliance wIth the<br />
Welfare Party (RP) and Reformist Democracy Party<br />
(IDP). This prevents an accurate numerical estImation<br />
of its vote.,rhe a.lliance won 16.8 pe,rcent?f lhe vole.<br />
MHP \lfficlals saId 7 percent was the MHP s.<br />
rhe MHP administration commissioned a public<br />
opinion poll in November. The results revealed that<br />
tlie MHP would<br />
eoarner 6.66 of the vote. About at the<br />
same time, another poll conduct~d by the Yeni<br />
Dü~ünce newspaper saId the MHP enJ?yed an \ I percent<br />
support, excludino the KurdIsh-domInated<br />
Southeast. However, pofIs conducted after the TV<br />
program have indicated a great increase in the support<br />
for the party. Accordin!! to such polls. 18 percent of<br />
Turkish voters now say they wi~1 vo~e .for .~he MHP.<br />
The percentage of those that beheve It IS Turke~ who<br />
can put an end to PKK terrorism is as hi!!h as 31.<br />
Asked his estimate, Türke~ says he expects a "little<br />
over 10 percent,"<br />
"That means we won't have to fonn a temporary<br />
alliance with any other party to break throu!!h the 10<br />
percent barrier erected before us by the election law,"<br />
he adds.<br />
Türke~ believes that the Grand Union Party (BBP),<br />
formed by seven breakaway MHP <strong>de</strong>puties, wiII not<br />
manage to "stea\'" votes from his MHP.<br />
"Because basicall~ they are all by themselves. The<br />
provincial organizatIOns they s<strong>et</strong> up afterwards have<br />
already started uniting with us," he says.<br />
Another striking example indicating MHP growth<br />
is the sud<strong>de</strong>n interest Turkish businessmen have<br />
recently <strong>de</strong>veloped in the MHP lea<strong>de</strong>r. At a number<br />
of me<strong>et</strong>ings, wealthy<br />
ed Türke~ for such<br />
business tycoons have appl~ud-<br />
statements as the follOWIng:<br />
''Turkey is suffering problems relating to education,<br />
Türke~ says staff so large MHP even helps out other parties, Deputy Chairman<br />
Müftüoglu argues their cadres fully in control in Turkish bureaucracy<br />
89
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REvzEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RMSTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
healtli, housing. income dIstribution is inequitable.<br />
The foreign tra<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ficit is $13.5 billion .<br />
. The current account <strong>de</strong>ficit is $5 billion. Its forei~n<br />
<strong>de</strong>bt is $50 billion. The domestic <strong>de</strong>bt is now Tl 245<br />
trillion. The budg<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>ficit is TL 122 trillion, to percent<br />
of the national income. The <strong>de</strong>ficit of the State<br />
Economic Enterprises (KITs) is in excess of TL 81<br />
trillion. The Public Sector Borrowing Requirement-<br />
Gross National Product (PSBRlGNP) ratIO is 16.3<br />
percent. In. addition to all these, southeast Anatolia is<br />
m flames. No country in the world can improve its<br />
economy while there is a war going on. Therefore,<br />
Turkey must give priority to wiping out PKK terrorism."<br />
MHP-origin people in<br />
other parties<br />
In addition to the MHP. former MHP members<br />
now in such political parties of the Turkish right as<br />
the ANAP and DYP have risen to prominence as<br />
well.<br />
The un<strong>de</strong>rlying reason for Mesut Yllmaz's victory<br />
at the ANAP convention of 1991. won .Qespite opposition<br />
from the late Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Turgut Ozal, was the<br />
backing of former MHP officials that had become<br />
ANAP members.<br />
Agah Oktay Güner, MHP <strong>de</strong>puty chairman before<br />
the military takeover of 1980, is now a member of the<br />
ANAP central administration. Ya~ar Okuyan, former<br />
MHP dçputy secr<strong>et</strong>ary- general and former presi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
of the "Ulkücü" Journalists' Association, is not only a<br />
member of the ANAP administration now, he is also<br />
the right-hand man of ANAP lea<strong>de</strong>r Ylimaz. ANAP<br />
Deputies<br />
Kayalar,<br />
Burhan<br />
Alpaslan<br />
Kara, Mustafa Tas.~r, Lütfullah<br />
Pehlivanli, Halil Ozsoy, Murat<br />
Ba~esgioglu. and Halit Dumankaya are known for the<br />
close relationship they maintain with the MHP. They'<br />
are referred to as members of the "nationalist flank'<br />
in theANAP.<br />
DYP's<br />
De<strong>de</strong>lek,<br />
Baki Tug. Vey,sel Atasoy, lbrahim Ya~ar<br />
Ayvaz Gök<strong>de</strong>mlr, Sadlk Avundukluoglu are<br />
also known for their close relations with the ~MHP.<br />
De<strong>de</strong>lek, a former MHP provincial chairman, for<br />
instance, was appointed a <strong>de</strong>puty chairman responsi:<br />
ble for the party's youth organization.<br />
Speaking<br />
ular remart<br />
of his old friends, Türke~. <strong>de</strong>spite his joc-<br />
that the MHP helps out other parties as<br />
well thanks to its large staff. says they cannot be<br />
looked upon as MHP members any longer.<br />
"Those employed by other pohtical parties are not<br />
MHP members any longer. They are not 'ülkücü.'<br />
either. I do not regard them as such. Neither should<br />
anyone.<br />
They do not maintain any relations with our party<br />
at all. They are people who have opted for the plalform<br />
of the parties that they belong to and have complied<br />
with their particular regulations," he argues.<br />
MHP Deputy Chai.rm~n Rlza Müftiioglu goes one<br />
step further and mamtmns that the parties that former<br />
MHP members join use them for wmdow-dressing for<br />
a while. but that whep they come .to realize t~at they<br />
cannot sway the views ofMHP<br />
draw them to the back benches.<br />
supporters, they with-<br />
Children of the rich and<br />
high soci<strong>et</strong>y<br />
Those whose nationalist sentiments have been<br />
a~vakene~ by P~K terrorism are not limited to politicians.<br />
HIgh soci<strong>et</strong>y women and the children of the<br />
Turkish nch, who have traditionally refused to align<br />
Tarkan (L). pop singer cum nationalist, sporting a<br />
moustache the downward ends of which b<strong>et</strong>ray his<br />
syrrypathy for the "ülkücü" cause, seen with a high<br />
soci<strong>et</strong>y female wearing the now ubiquitous crescentand-star<br />
necklace. .<br />
themselves with politicians, have <strong>de</strong>veloped an<br />
unprece<strong>de</strong>nted interest in the MHP.<br />
For instance, Bizim Ocak, an association sympath<strong>et</strong>ic<br />
to the "ulkucu" cause, have staged a strikmg<br />
performance for the past year, increasmg its branch<br />
offIces up to over 800 in 73 provinces out of 76.<br />
~hil~ businessmen contribute financially to the orgamzalton,<br />
the children of the rich join up and receIve<br />
training un<strong>de</strong>r banners <strong>de</strong>picting the "wolf and the<br />
crescent .." Pan-Turkic symbols.<br />
Azml Karamahmuto~lu, the presi<strong>de</strong>nt of the<br />
European si<strong>de</strong> of Istanbul s Bizim Ocak Association,<br />
says rich youths me<strong>et</strong> all expenses now.<br />
".Formerly, we found grassroots support only in<br />
penpheral areas in the city. The districts of the rich<br />
were sort of off-limits to us. But now we're opening<br />
hrandll" in di,tr'ich \\ hl'rl' ril'h pl't)l'k li\,' rccau,è<br />
rich youths themselves come up to us and ask us to<br />
open branches in their districts,' he reveals. Tarkan a<br />
young pop singer, for instance. has grown a mo~stache<br />
witn ends pointed downwards in true Pan-<br />
Turkic fashion. He wears a "crescent-star" necklace<br />
as well. The ::.cr~sce.nt a~d the s~ar" ~as sud<strong>de</strong>nly<br />
beco.me th~ 1ß thlßg In TurkIsh high soci<strong>et</strong>y.<br />
FashIOn <strong>de</strong>Signers, eager to exploit the stron~ anti- '<br />
PKK and nationalist sentiment. have talked \\'orld-<br />
~lass top mo~els visiting Turkey ~nto posing with<br />
crescent-star necklaces around theIr necks.<br />
Rachel Hunter, wife of the famous rock sinl1er Rod<br />
Stewart, for instance, wore the crescent and the star<br />
during a photo session. for bikinis ma<strong>de</strong> by a Turkish<br />
firm. Asked to offer hIS comments on this new fashion<br />
in Turkish high soci<strong>et</strong>y, MHP Chairman Alpaslan<br />
Tü.~ke~laul1hs me~Tily and then adds:<br />
. Yes, a!Fthese mdl.cate that a strong public reaction<br />
eXISts agamst separallst acts of terrorism."<br />
To conclu<strong>de</strong>, acts of terrorism l1radually intensitied<br />
by the PKK have finally awakened the dormant<br />
nationalist sent.iment in the Turkish population of the<br />
.country~ a sentlmentthat was always there but which<br />
Turks dl~ not <strong>de</strong>em necessary to wake up. As a result<br />
of.the fatl.ure ~f the state to stop terrorism. the awake~lßg<br />
natIOnalist sentiment has started sympathizing<br />
With the MHP. In short. the PKK has ad<strong>de</strong>d to the<br />
strength of the l\mp.<br />
90
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA<br />
STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Democracy Party's<br />
newly-elected chairman<br />
Diele <strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong>s to remain silent<br />
With this <strong>de</strong>cision, Diele reportedly aims to obstruct resignations from his party<br />
Parliament Speaker Cindoruk postpones visiting DEP in<strong>de</strong>finitely<br />
TDN Parliament Bureau<br />
ANKARA- The -Democracy Party's<br />
(DEP) newly-elected chairman, Hatip Dicie,<br />
who has m<strong>et</strong> with adverse reaction<br />
both from his party and the nation because<br />
of his pro-PKK (o~tla':Ved Kurdistan<br />
Workers Party orpamlatlOn) speech<br />
<strong>de</strong>livered at his party s first emergency<br />
convention last Sunday, <strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong>d Wednesday<br />
to remain silent and not to make a<br />
statement.<br />
:While Dicle claimed thatthe press had<br />
misled the p~blic by distorting his<br />
speeches and thiS was why he had <strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong>d<br />
not to make a statement some DEP<br />
<strong>de</strong>puties expressed the vie~ that Dicle<br />
~as trying to prevent resignations from<br />
hiS party due to the negative impact of his<br />
speech on the DEP rank and tile,<br />
In a statement to the TDN Dicle<br />
claimed that his party had had a ~agnificent<br />
convention, however some of the<br />
media had tried to cast a shadow over<br />
it. He said thatthe message given by the<br />
convention was one of peace and brotherhood.<br />
He al,leged that some circles were<br />
thre~tel1lng tne DEP's integrity, Dicle<br />
contmued that <strong>de</strong>p~ties or party spokesmen<br />
selected by him and hiS colleagues<br />
would make statements on behalf at the<br />
party.<br />
He s,aid thatthe accusation that he had<br />
acted lIke, someone ~hanting war cries<br />
w~s an unjust accusation. A DEP <strong>de</strong>puty<br />
said that hardly any of lhe DEP <strong>de</strong>puties<br />
had approved of the speech ma<strong>de</strong> by DicI~<br />
at ,the, conv~~tion. The same <strong>de</strong>puty<br />
SaId ,Dlcle s <strong>de</strong>CISIOnto remain silent after<br />
makmg a speech cancernin" the PKK<br />
was of no meaning now. b<br />
He ~ai~ since Dicle's speech had led to<br />
turmOlIm the party, Dicle had <strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong>d<br />
not to m,ake a statement in or<strong>de</strong>r to preve~t<br />
the ,mtraparty crisis from turning lßto<br />
resignatIOns from the party. Parliament<br />
Speaker, Hüsameuin Cindoruk, who<br />
meels wllh the lea<strong>de</strong>rs of those political<br />
parti,es that are represented in Parliament<br />
to dISCU~S,parliamenlary, activities, postpon~d<br />
Vlslt.lng DEP Chairman Hatip Dicie<br />
md~fil1ltely, because of Dicle's controversJa,1<br />
spee~h at the convention. Cindoruk<br />
said he did not agree with Dicle on<br />
his ~efinition of a po!itical party,<br />
Cmdoruk emphaSIZed that a political<br />
party cannot have militia and that a terrorist<br />
organization cannol be consi<strong>de</strong>red a<br />
party.<br />
During his speech at the convention<br />
Dicle claimed that the PKK was not a ter~<br />
rorist organization but a political party,<br />
and that the military wing of the PKK<br />
could serve as a local <strong>de</strong>fense unit in the<br />
ev~nt of peace prevailing. He also<br />
clamled thatthe Kurdish mailer could not<br />
be solved without the PKK.<br />
On, Wednesday, Cindoruk visited Democrat~c<br />
Left Party (DSP) Chairman Bülent<br />
EcevIl and Reformist Democracy Party<br />
(ID~) lea<strong>de</strong>r Aykut Edibali with regard to<br />
parliamentary activities,<br />
Bomb blast wounds at<br />
least 10 people inAdana<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- At least 10 people were woun<strong>de</strong>d following<br />
an explosion at a coffee house in the southern port city of<br />
Adana on Wednesday,. the Anatolia.n~ws agency reported.<br />
The news agency SaId one of the lßJured was apoliceman<br />
and that the blast occurred after three uni<strong>de</strong>ntified people<br />
l~ft a parcel un<strong>de</strong>r a table insi<strong>de</strong>. Witnesses said the explosIOn,occurred<br />
about an hour after the group left the building<br />
..föitial reports said one of the victims was 15'years old<br />
and had lost both legs in the explosion: .<br />
Other victims were b<strong>et</strong>ween the ages of 14 and 16. No<br />
one has claimed responsibility for the attack.<br />
In two separate explosions in the Southeast, meanwhile,<br />
five people died and seven others were injured.<br />
Local officials said that a village minibus travelling near<br />
the town of Eruh in Siirt province hit a land mine. Three<br />
people were killed in that explosion.<br />
In the Ancak district of Elazlg, another village minibus<br />
bit a land mine leaving two people <strong>de</strong>ad and seven others<br />
woun<strong>de</strong>d. Officials suspect tfiat the mines were planted by<br />
the outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) which has<br />
been waging a violent war on Ankara since 1984. More<br />
than Il,000 people have been killed in this campaign.<br />
Police arrest Kurdish<br />
politician in Istanbul<br />
Two journalists placed ill prisOll<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
I~~~NBUL-Police in Istanbul arrested a senior Kurdish<br />
polItICIan on Tuesday, and a court on Wednesday placed<br />
t~o television newsmen into prison. The two cases were<br />
lInked to the ~urdish dispute in southeast Turkey.<br />
!he Ana!olIan news agency, quoting secunty officials,<br />
saId the polIce had arrested Ibrahim Aksoy secr<strong>et</strong>ary-general<br />
of the pro-Kurd}sh Democracy Party' (DEP), for two<br />
speeches lie ma<strong>de</strong> In Konya and Adana cities earlier this<br />
year.<br />
It was not imm~di~tely clear what charges he faced. The<br />
DEP has 17 <strong>de</strong>puties In the 450-member nationallegislature.<br />
In a separate rep?rt! Anatolia said on Wednesday that froducer<br />
Erhan :\~yI!dlz and reporter Ali Tevfik Berber 0 the<br />
popular teleVISIon news program "Antenna" had been arrested<br />
and sent to prison.<br />
The t~~ were <strong>de</strong>tained on Tuesday for spreading propaganqa<br />
aImlßg to turn the people against compulsory military<br />
se~lce. Akylldlz and Berber are to be tried at a chief of staff<br />
ffillIt~ court while Aksoy is expected to appear at a state<br />
secunty court.<br />
91
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Ankara claims Human Rights Watch report on Turkey biased<br />
Foreign Ministry criticizes the report for labeling PKK as a fighting si<strong>de</strong> instead of terrorist organization<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- Turkey accused the Human Rights<br />
Watch's 1993 annual report on Turkey of being<br />
biased and attempting to "give PKK legitimacy<br />
by branding it as a fighting si<strong>de</strong>, rather than a terrorist<br />
organization."<br />
Foreign Ministry Acting spokesman Ferhat<br />
Ataman said in his weekly press conference<br />
Wednesday that the. report was inspired by the<br />
Helsinki Watch reports which held certain prejudices<br />
against Turkey.<br />
Ataman also accused the report of ignoring the<br />
existence of terrorism in the country.<br />
"The outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party<br />
(PKK) is labeled a fighting si<strong>de</strong> instead of a terrorist<br />
or~anization which tnes to give PKK legitimation<br />
In the international platform. The Umted<br />
States, France, Germany accept the PKK as a terrorist<br />
organization. The PKK activities in Germany<br />
and France are actively hampered and there<br />
are movements in other European countries for<br />
taking measures," he said.<br />
"Meanwhile, it is amazing that they are against<br />
the CMUK, which is consi<strong>de</strong>red as a reform proposal<br />
and inclu<strong>de</strong>s articles that are against torture<br />
and custody periods which were accepted by European<br />
Human Rights Commission," he ad<strong>de</strong>d.<br />
•<br />
FRA0184 4 I 0221 TUR IAFP-TK74<br />
Turquie-Kur<strong>de</strong>s-Syrie<br />
Arrestation en Syrie du chef du PKK, selon la presse turque<br />
ANKARA, 16 déc (AFP) - Le chef du Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du Kurdistan<br />
(PKK, séparatiste), Abdullah Ocalan dit "Apo" qui rési<strong>de</strong> généralement è Damas,<br />
a été arrêté par les autorités syriennes, affirme la presse turque <strong>de</strong> jeudi.<br />
L'arrestation du chef <strong>de</strong> la rebellion kur<strong>de</strong> en lutte armée contre Ankara<br />
<strong>de</strong>puis 1984 aurait eu lieu sur ot~dre du prési<strong>de</strong>nt syrien Hafez Al-Assad, selon<br />
ces informations. Il serait détenu par les services secr<strong>et</strong>s syriens<br />
(Moukhabat~at)•<br />
Interrogé jeudi matin par <strong>de</strong>s journalistes sur ces affirmations <strong>de</strong>s<br />
quotidiens turcs Hurriy<strong>et</strong> <strong>et</strong> Veni Gunaydin, le chef <strong>de</strong> la diplomatie turque<br />
Hikm<strong>et</strong> C<strong>et</strong>in, a affirmé ne pas pouvoir confirmer l'information.<br />
"Nous ne disposons d'aucune information" SUt~ l'art~estation d'Apo, a-t-il<br />
déclaré avant un entr<strong>et</strong>ien avec son homologue italien Beniamino Andreatta,<br />
an'ivé m<strong>et</strong>'ct~edisoh' à Ankat~a pOUt~ une visite officielle en Tm~quie. "Les<br />
autorités syriennes, contactées par l'ambassa<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Turquie à Damas, n'ont pas<br />
d' infot'mation sur c;:<strong>et</strong>tearrestation", a-t-il ajouté.<br />
Apo aurait <strong>de</strong>mandé à se rendre en France, affirme par ailleurs le<br />
quotidien Veni Gunaydin qui ajoute toutefois que les autorités syriennes<br />
auraient refusé <strong>de</strong> transm<strong>et</strong>tre c<strong>et</strong>te <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> à <strong>Paris</strong>.<br />
CE/pht led<br />
AFP 161131 DEC 93<br />
\.F P - \~l'l1n' I LIilll' Pll'''''l'- \. L P. - \~l'llll' I J',lllll' Pll'''-l'- \.1. P - \~l'llll' Il ,l\lll Pll'''-l'- \. F P. - \~l'l1ll' I J'JI1Cl'PJ'l'''''l' - \. F P<br />
FRA0257 4 I 0160 TUR IAFP-UA01<br />
Tut'quie-Li ban<br />
Arrivée à Ankara du Premier ministre libanis<br />
ANKARA, 16 déc (AFP) - Le Premier ministre libanais, Rafic Hariri, est<br />
arrivé jeudi à Ankara pour une visite officielle <strong>de</strong> quatre jours'en Turquie<br />
~onsacrée au renforcement <strong>de</strong>s relations économiques ainsi qu'à <strong>de</strong>s entr<strong>et</strong>iens<br />
sur la sécurité<br />
au Liban.<br />
axés sur le problème <strong>de</strong>s rebelles kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> Turquie réfugiés<br />
Le Premier ministre turc, Tansu Ciller, qui a accueilli M. Hariri à<br />
l'aét'opot~t,a souligné "l' importance pOUt~ la T'.wqlJie"<strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te pt~emièt~evisite ~<br />
en Turquie d'un chef <strong>de</strong> gouvernement libanais.<br />
"La T'.lt~q'Jie a slJÏvi avec gt~an<strong>de</strong> inquiétu<strong>de</strong> les phases difficiles que le<br />
Liban a tt~aversées <strong>de</strong>puis 1975 <strong>et</strong> se félicite <strong>de</strong>s développements positifs<br />
actuels", a-t-elle ajouté.<br />
M. Hat'h~i a indiqué que son pays "s'appt~êtait à t~econstt~IJit~e"le Liban<br />
dans le cadre d'un plan étalé sur 10 ans <strong>et</strong> qu'il s'attendait à ce que la<br />
"Tm'quie y appot~te une contt~iblJtion impot~tante".<br />
ce/nev led<br />
AFP 161255 DEC 93<br />
92
REVUE DE PRf:SSE-PRESSREVlEW-BERHE\'OKA ÇAPÊ-RI\'ISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRL',SA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />
93
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />
G".,,,,",,B.,kno,O,O' Genelkurmay Ba~kanl Orgeneral Güre~, PKK li<strong>de</strong>r kadro-<br />
,~!::"~~~ri~j~~::~~ su ve ba~lnln bu kl~ yak edilmesi karan allndlglnl açlkladl.<br />
e e e<br />
r" ' Güre!?, bu kararl Diyarbaklr'da I;!ür-<br />
I. I l'' riyefe!?u kelimelerle ifa<strong>de</strong> <strong>et</strong>ti: 'Ge-,<br />
I\ / .\..,-~.. [ l':' berip gi<strong>de</strong>cekler, Yak olup gi<strong>de</strong>cek-<br />
, . Alm.!!~~a \,., . l'}\<br />
KADRO<br />
1er.Hatta 0 örgülÜn ba!?l.dahil.'<br />
'fr~n'~'l" ...::.J~~::':'~ij i\. Veni silahlàrgidiyor' :,'<br />
.y". / / ,.. Ki; I O'g, Güie~. 'Bölgeye "001 sllahla, gön<strong>de</strong>,eoo'<br />
H ' d n'.'"k- ,\.1<br />
I . . .(,l ' Yd~al ~~:~~II~~~"';;;~~~'~ ~fanfa~~~~~. ~<br />
• PKK'nlr. yÖnolim kEidr09Unlllmhn utmck l '-"_)(ERNK <strong>de</strong>rllecek. Ko(ucu saylSln1 artlnYOTlv." <strong>de</strong>di<br />
leIn. noltta oporasyonlar dOZElnlerecek. . "<br />
Operasyonlaro, sonuç .hn,ncayo ,.da, : . .' . ,,~,Af,manya i Kimse<strong>de</strong>, yllglnhk yok ..<br />
arallksll oO'larn edilec-.eQIblldlrlldl. I )<br />
• Sa~ Apculla:l ÖCe.lan.AROl{ I(Or,'lU' " ,:.' "~~_i Güre$ ~oyle <strong>de</strong>varn GtU: "Bütûn kOrlutan-<br />
:am Corril BaYlk, Amed Ko:nulam .. ;.' ,,' .'.,' !ar. subaYlndan or'oe kedar lnançh va ka-<br />
~emdln Sakll(, Merkez t
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA<br />
STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Jeudi 18 novembre: succédant à<br />
l'opération anti-FIS <strong>de</strong> la semaine<br />
précé<strong>de</strong>nte, le ministère <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur<br />
déclenche une <strong>de</strong>scente du<br />
même type contre <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s. Nous ne<br />
savions pas que c<strong>et</strong>te communauté<br />
comptait au nombre <strong>de</strong>s cibles prioritaires<br />
<strong>de</strong>s services antiterroristes. Jusqu'à<br />
ces <strong>de</strong>rniers événements, les Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
étaient présentés comme un peuple sans<br />
Etat, victimes séculaires <strong>de</strong> sanglantes<br />
répressions (lire également, page 20,<br />
• Comprendre la question kur<strong>de</strong>").<br />
Vendredi 19 novembre: la majorité <strong>de</strong>s<br />
médias français titrent: • Terrorisme ",<br />
« Un véritable rack<strong>et</strong> organisé ", • Ils<br />
s'apprêtaient à frapper en France "<br />
accusant directement les Kur<strong>de</strong>s. Une<br />
provi<strong>de</strong>ntielle • Note confi<strong>de</strong>ntielle remise<br />
aux membres du Conseil interministériel<br />
<strong>de</strong> sécurité" autorise soudain un<br />
grand nombre <strong>de</strong> nos confrères à <strong>de</strong>venir<br />
« bien informés ". Déjà 48 <strong>et</strong> 72 heures<br />
auparavant, l'annonce <strong>de</strong> la gran<strong>de</strong> rafle<br />
était connue. Tous les paparrazi se trouvaient<br />
à l'affût.<br />
les quelques feuill<strong>et</strong>s <strong>de</strong> la DST<br />
ne pouvait suffire à déclencher<br />
une telle opération<br />
Six heures du matin, menottes aux<br />
poign<strong>et</strong>s, les • méchants " sont conduits<br />
sans ménagement, <strong>et</strong> parfois très brutalement,<br />
au Quai <strong>de</strong>s Orfèvres. l1affaire peut<br />
commencer. Bilan <strong>de</strong> la rafle: 110 arrestations,<br />
dont les dirigeants présumés du<br />
• redoutable " Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du<br />
Kurdistan (PKK), en France. Quelques<br />
heures avant son arrestation, nous avions<br />
rencontré Gultekin Kavak sous le nom <strong>de</strong><br />
Said Botan. Nous ne pensions pas nous<br />
adresser à un redoutable « terroriste ",<br />
présenté 24 heures plus tard comme « le<br />
chef du PKK ". La discussion porta principalement<br />
sur la culture ancestrale du<br />
peuple kur<strong>de</strong>, ses racines, sa langue interdite<br />
par les autorités turques.<br />
La jeune fille aux grands yeux tristes<br />
qui nous servait d'interprète s'appelait<br />
Rojine Ayaz. Elle fut arrêtée le len<strong>de</strong>main<br />
matin, comme tous les membres du<br />
Comité du Kurdistan présents ce matin-là<br />
au siège <strong>de</strong> la rue La Fay<strong>et</strong>te. Alijourd'hui,<br />
Rojine est en rési<strong>de</strong>nce surveillée à Saint-<br />
Pardoux dans les Deux-Sèvres, obj<strong>et</strong> d'un<br />
décr<strong>et</strong> ministériel en « urgence absolue "<br />
dont le motif n'est tolijours pas connu!<br />
Elle n'était, au sein du Comité du Kurdistan,<br />
qu'une simple collaboratrice chargée<br />
<strong>de</strong> la communication. Délit d'informer?<br />
Dossier vi<strong>de</strong> tout autant que celui <strong>de</strong>s<br />
21 <strong>de</strong>rnières personnes gardées en détention<br />
ou en rési<strong>de</strong>nce surveillée.<br />
Accusation <strong>de</strong> rack<strong>et</strong>? Faux. Nous<br />
avons interrogé plus <strong>de</strong> 130 commerçants<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>et</strong> turcs dans <strong>Paris</strong> en une semaine.<br />
Tous, y compris <strong>de</strong>s associations<br />
turques, déclarent être solidaires <strong>de</strong> la<br />
cause <strong>de</strong> leurs compatriotes qui luttent au<br />
Kurdistan contre la répression du gouvernemellt<br />
d'Ankara <strong>et</strong> contribuer volontairement<br />
à leur apporter, dans la mesure <strong>de</strong><br />
leurs possibilités, un soutien financier, si<br />
faible soit-il. I1Union <strong>de</strong> solidarités <strong>de</strong>s<br />
commerçants affirme • qu'il est totalement<br />
faux <strong>de</strong> vouloir faire porter <strong>de</strong>s<br />
accusations <strong>de</strong> rack<strong>et</strong> contre le PKK " tout<br />
en précisant • que les services secr<strong>et</strong>s<br />
français <strong>et</strong> l'ambassa<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Turquie à<br />
<strong>Paris</strong> ont également tenté <strong>de</strong> produire <strong>de</strong><br />
faux témoignages par <strong>de</strong>s commerçants<br />
contre les personnes arrêtées <strong>de</strong>rnièrement<br />
". Il est vrai que la communauté<br />
kur<strong>de</strong> est loin d'être riche <strong>et</strong> organisée.<br />
Transport d'armes en relation avec une<br />
entreprise terroriste? Faux. Au point<br />
qu'un haut fonctionnaire <strong>de</strong> police ayant<br />
suivi l'opération nous a déclaré: « Nous<br />
actions les plus spectaculaires ont été<br />
dirigées contre la Banque du Bosphore <strong>et</strong><br />
une d'elles ne fit que <strong>de</strong>ux blessés. Il est<br />
vrai que certains bruits ont pu courir<br />
faisant état <strong>de</strong> tentatives probables d'attentats<br />
contre <strong>de</strong>s personnalitPs turques<br />
en France. La première cible aurait été le<br />
ministre turc <strong>de</strong>s Transports. Mais, là<br />
encore: aucune preuve.<br />
la France <strong>et</strong> la Turquie<br />
viennent <strong>de</strong> signer un<br />
important marché d'armement<br />
Le rapport <strong>de</strong> quelques feuill<strong>et</strong>s réalisé<br />
par la Direction <strong>de</strong> la surveillance du<br />
territoire (DST) ne pouvait suffire à<br />
déclencher une telle opération <strong>de</strong> police<br />
au plan national. Mais alors, qui donc a pu<br />
informer <strong>et</strong> • convaincre " les services<br />
français <strong>de</strong> la préparation d'un complot<br />
imaginaire?<br />
La prochaine visite du premier ministre<br />
turc Tansu Ciller en France a très certainement<br />
offert l'occasion d'« échanges<br />
<strong>d'information</strong>s privilégiées " entre <strong>Paris</strong><br />
19 novembre,<br />
le jour<br />
se lève,<br />
menottes<br />
aux poign<strong>et</strong>s,<br />
les membres<br />
du Parti <strong>de</strong>s<br />
travailleurs<br />
du Kurdistan<br />
sont arrêtés.<br />
Invités par<br />
le Quai<br />
<strong>de</strong>s Orfèvres,<br />
les médias<br />
étaient<br />
sur place.<br />
Photos Gilles<br />
Bassignac!<br />
Gamma.<br />
n'avons trouvé en tout <strong>et</strong> pour tout que <strong>et</strong> Ankara. D'autant que le récent marché<br />
quelques pistol<strong>et</strong>s à grenaille. Ce n'est pas d'armement signé entre la France <strong>et</strong> la<br />
sérieux. Sij'avais les services turcs à mes Turquie a pu être utilisé par Ankara<br />
trousses, je pense que j'aurais d'autres comme monnaie d'échange contre une<br />
calibres sur moi. " Par ailleurs, au len<strong>de</strong>- opération «antikur<strong>de</strong> " en France; celle-ci<br />
main <strong>de</strong> la rafle, plusieurs policiers tombant à pic pour favoriser la réélection<br />
s'étonnaient d'avoir eu à mener <strong>de</strong>s per- du premier ministre turc en confirmant le<br />
quisitions domiciliaires parfois brutales prétendu. succès" <strong>de</strong> sa politique extédans<br />
le cadre juridique limité d'une sirn- rieure. Le matraquage médiatique <strong>de</strong> la<br />
pie information préliminaire. télévision turque relayant toutes les heu-<br />
Ils allaient frapper? Rien pour le prou- res l'opération française perm<strong>et</strong> à tout le<br />
ver. Les Kur<strong>de</strong>s, en France, sont davan- moins <strong>de</strong> le penser.<br />
tage considérés par les services <strong>de</strong> police Les Kur<strong>de</strong>s étaient-ils vraiment dangecomme<br />
« remuants" que dangereux. Les reux? Non, mais ce type d'opération est<br />
Humanité Dimanche N° 196 - 16/12/1993 au 22/12/1993 7<br />
95
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS<br />
REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RIVISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />
-)<br />
'i'. =- ...<br />
• 1".~<br />
~<br />
Türktye ~<br />
TürklerÎndir "F<br />
Almanya dün sabah PKK'YI terör örgütü f1" - ~ Karann açlklanmaslndan önce, sabah<br />
, . ilan e<strong>de</strong>rek, bütün yan kurulu~lanyla bir- r~;\ saat 06.00'da Alman Polisi Ylldlnm har~-~<br />
Iikte kapattl. PKK böylece Avrupa'daki " Kürt <strong>de</strong>rnek ve kurulu~una baskin yaptl.<br />
Bütün belg<strong>et</strong>er toplandl c..... . If/,î.y:~<br />
Aachen, ~onn. BIelefeld. Duisburg, Dus. ';.'. '7.) Il .~<br />
seldorf, DUren, Dortmund, Hagen. Kain ve J ~ .:.. 1 1 rP'"B\'<br />
Leverkusen kenllerin<strong>de</strong>ki basklnlara 600'li . :( ~'1s '~ .'\<br />
askm polis kat.ldl. Bu kurulu$lardaki pak t:. A: ? "/',... . .<br />
incelenmeleriiçinkamyonlarlata$.ndl '..... 'to...:. "::....;... ','<br />
'. ... ),;<br />
Evier didik didik arandl -<br />
Yapllan baskmlarda. kaç kl$inin , . gozaillna ';:.'<br />
. l~:.'~!:'e;>l<br />
'4. ~. ~tl<br />
almdJQI konusu,:,d~ poli~ herha~Qj bir bilgi ft.!.!: l' -'f<br />
vermach. Çok glzh tutulsn ve bülun eyalel- ...<br />
ler<strong>de</strong> aym anda ~Iatllan seri operasyonlarda.<br />
PKK yand~1 örgüt binalan Ile yon<strong>et</strong>iCllerin<br />
evlen <strong>de</strong> polisçe didik didik arandl.<br />
Malvarhklarma el konuyoi<br />
lçh;<strong>de</strong>d Bakanll{Jl, yasadle,dlan enlgi PKK<br />
ve yanda~l örgutter Ueybn<strong>et</strong>icilerinin bùlun<br />
malvarhklanna ve banka hesaplanna<br />
~L:g~K' g::n~~~~~o;ki ~~'ö~e~fio~~:~<br />
kaynaklannl yitirmi$ olacak ...... saytada<br />
En allemand à la une.<br />
du même journal:<br />
« Merci Monsieur<br />
Kohl », l'appel a été<br />
entendu.<br />
Perquisitions,<br />
opérations coup<br />
<strong>de</strong> poing, se sont<br />
déroulées presque<br />
au même moment<br />
en France<br />
<strong>et</strong> en Allemagne.<br />
Peut-on parler<br />
<strong>de</strong> décisions<br />
concertées?<br />
22 novembre<br />
1993, sur<br />
la place <strong>de</strong><br />
la République<br />
à <strong>Paris</strong>, une<br />
manifestation<br />
<strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s est<br />
violemment<br />
réprimée<br />
par les CRS.<br />
satisfaction » avec laquelle Ferhat Ataman,<br />
porte-parole du ministère turc <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Affaires étrangères, accueille l'opération<br />
menée en France contre la communauté<br />
kur<strong>de</strong> n'ait d'égale que l'empressement <strong>de</strong><br />
son homologue français, Richard Duqué, à<br />
en faire une « affaire intérieure française<br />
». C'est oublier un peu vite que si le<br />
ministère <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur a été l'exécutant<br />
<strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te opération, MM. Edouard Balladur,<br />
premier ministre, Alain Juppé, ministre<br />
<strong>de</strong>s Affaires étrangères <strong>et</strong> François<br />
Léotard, ministre <strong>de</strong> la Défense nationale,<br />
sont les trois responsables politiques<br />
96<br />
français. Ayant scellé ce qu'il convient<br />
d'appeler <strong>de</strong>s liens <strong>de</strong> sang avec les<br />
dictateurs d'Ankara, ils ont politiquement<br />
inspiré <strong>et</strong> autorisé c<strong>et</strong>te intervention.<br />
Il semble que, <strong>de</strong>puis la nuit <strong>de</strong>s<br />
temps, le peuple kur<strong>de</strong> n'ait jamais eu <strong>de</strong><br />
chance. Dans le concert <strong>de</strong>s nations<br />
moyen-orientales <strong>et</strong> à l'aube du Ille millénaire<br />
s'annonce contre les Kur<strong>de</strong>s une<br />
opération <strong>de</strong> répression supplémentaire à<br />
gran<strong>de</strong> échelle. Un nouveau génoci<strong>de</strong>? La<br />
France avait-elle réellement besoin <strong>de</strong><br />
prêter concours à c<strong>et</strong>te farce macabre?<br />
Jean-Loul!»Izambert <strong>et</strong> Jean Bernard<br />
Opérations<br />
franco-alleman<strong>de</strong>s.<br />
Au p<strong>et</strong>it matin du 19 novembre <strong>de</strong>rnier,<br />
dans plusieurs gran<strong>de</strong>s villes<br />
françaises, <strong>de</strong>s policiers encerclent<br />
les domiciles <strong>de</strong> militants kur<strong>de</strong>s. Les<br />
occupants sont emmenés comme <strong>de</strong>s<br />
malfaiteurs menottes aux poign<strong>et</strong>s.<br />
110 personnes seront Interpellées. Il<br />
s'agit, Justifie Charles Pasqua, <strong>de</strong><br />
refuser que « quelque organisation<br />
que ce soit n'exerce en France une<br />
activité <strong>de</strong> nature à nuire à l'Intérêt<br />
du pays ou qui soit contraire à ses<br />
lois ».' Le résultat <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te rafle,<br />
organisée par la DST,se sol<strong>de</strong> par un<br />
maigre butin: les perquisitions n'ont<br />
permis <strong>de</strong> trouver ni armes, ni drogue,<br />
ni plans secr<strong>et</strong>s d'attentat en préparation.<br />
Tout au plus quelques faux<br />
papiers, <strong>de</strong>s tracts <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s ordres <strong>de</strong><br />
versement du PKK. Quelques Jours<br />
plus tard, à Cologne en Allemagne, la<br />
police fait une <strong>de</strong>scente au siège du<br />
Comité du Kurdistan <strong>et</strong> embarque<br />
tout. Le gouvernement allemand<br />
vient <strong>de</strong> déci<strong>de</strong>r d'Interdire le PKK <strong>et</strong><br />
35 associations réputées proches <strong>de</strong><br />
lui. Manfred Kanther, ministre <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Intérieur, utilise les mêmes arguments<br />
que son homologue français :<br />
« I:AlIemagne ne peut pas servir <strong>de</strong><br />
théâtre <strong>de</strong> guerre aux terroristes<br />
étrangers. »
Rf:VL'E DE PRl:I,\I:-PRE\\ RE\'/E\V-Bf:RHLYOKA ÇAPÊ-Rl\"/''iTA STAl\fPA-DEi':l FO DI: LA PU/:','"A-ß..\
En bref<br />
'<br />
Traité <strong>de</strong> Lausanne Signéen<br />
juill<strong>et</strong> 1923, il consacre le partage du Kurdistan <strong>et</strong> la domination <strong>de</strong>'<br />
quatre puissances sur les régions kur<strong>de</strong>s: la Turquie, l'Iran, la<br />
Gran<strong>de</strong>-Br<strong>et</strong>agne (pour l'Irak) <strong>et</strong> la France (pour la Syrie).<br />
Vingt-cinq millions <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s en quête d'une existence politique.<br />
Les forces du Mouvement national kur<strong>de</strong><br />
Le mouvement kur<strong>de</strong> reste<br />
très divisé : pas moins d'une<br />
quinzaine <strong>de</strong> partis dans les<br />
quatre grands Etats d'implantation.<br />
En Irak (environ 4 millions<br />
<strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s), les <strong>de</strong>ux gran<strong>de</strong>s<br />
formations (avec députés) sont<br />
l'Union patriotique du Kurdistan<br />
(UPK) <strong>de</strong> Jalal Talabani <strong>et</strong> le<br />
Parti démocratique du Kurdistan<br />
(PDK) <strong>de</strong> Massoud Barzani.<br />
Avec sept autres partis, beaucoup<br />
plus mo<strong>de</strong>stes (dont la<br />
branche kur<strong>de</strong> du PC irakien),<br />
, ils ont formé en 1988 le Front<br />
national du Kurdistan, qui a<br />
organisé, en mai <strong>de</strong>rnier, les<br />
premières élections libres d'un<br />
Parlement <strong>de</strong> la région kur<strong>de</strong><br />
d'Irak. En Iran (6 millions <strong>de</strong><br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s), le Parti démocratique<br />
du Kurdistan Iranien (PDKI) re-<br />
cueillait quelque 80 % <strong>de</strong>s voix<br />
<strong>de</strong>s électeurs <strong>de</strong> la région <strong>de</strong><br />
peuplement kur<strong>de</strong> avant l'avènement<br />
<strong>de</strong> Khomeyni en 1979.<br />
Aujourd'hui dans la clan<strong>de</strong>stinité,<br />
son principal dirigeant a<br />
été assassiné en 1989. Rival <strong>et</strong><br />
clan<strong>de</strong>stin lui-aussi, le Komala<br />
(comité marxiste lénjniste du<br />
Kurdistan). En Turquie (12 millions<br />
<strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s), à côté du Parti<br />
<strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du Kurdistan<br />
(PKK) d'Abdullah Ocalan, qui se<br />
revendique du marxisme léninisme<br />
<strong>et</strong> mène la guérilla<br />
contre Ankara <strong>de</strong>puis août<br />
1984, existe un Parti travailliste<br />
du peuple (HEP). Semi-Iégal, il<br />
compte une dizaine <strong>de</strong> députés<br />
<strong>de</strong>puis 1991. Enfin, en Syrie<br />
(900.000 Kur<strong>de</strong>s), les formations<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s sont dispersées.<br />
Une république kur<strong>de</strong> a existé<br />
pendant près d'un an en 1946. Moustapha Barzani, chef d'un<br />
soulèvement national réprimé par <strong>de</strong>s bombar<strong>de</strong>ments anglais en<br />
Irak, a gagné les régions kur<strong>de</strong>s iraniennes bordant la frontière <strong>et</strong><br />
profité du vi<strong>de</strong> laissé alors dans c<strong>et</strong>te sorte <strong>de</strong> no man's land par<br />
. Téhéran pour y proclamer la république, Capitale: Mahabad.<br />
Les ancêtres<br />
<strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s sont <strong>de</strong>s<br />
populations pastorales établies <strong>de</strong>puis plusieurs millénaires dans<br />
la région. Ils parlent <strong>de</strong>s langues du groupe iranien : gorani,<br />
kurmanji, zazaï ou dumeli. Elles s'écrivent en caractères arabes en<br />
Irak, en Iran <strong>et</strong> en Syrie, en caractères latins en Turquie <strong>et</strong> en<br />
cyrilliques dans la CEl.<br />
Religion<br />
Les Kur<strong>de</strong>s sont pour la plupart <strong>de</strong>s<br />
musulmans sunnites. Leur islamisation a commencé tôt, mais s'est<br />
faite lentement. Les différentes tribus kur<strong>de</strong>s ont pu jouir d'une<br />
certaine autonomie au sein <strong>de</strong> l'empire ottoman.<br />
Activité économique<br />
Elle<br />
se fon<strong>de</strong> essentiellement sur l'agriculture (riz, maïs, tabac, blé,<br />
orge), l'élevage (ovins, caprins) <strong>et</strong> l'artisanat. L:industrie reste<br />
embryonnaire. Les Kur<strong>de</strong>s sont quasi totalement exclus <strong>de</strong>s<br />
installations pétrolières (puits <strong>et</strong> raffineries) présentes sur leur<br />
territoire en Irak <strong>et</strong> en Iran.<br />
Superficie Les experts évaluent la dimension<br />
du Kurdistan à environ 500.000kilomètres carrés (soit pratiquement<br />
la taille <strong>de</strong> la Franc'e).Les régions kur<strong>de</strong>s occupent 30 % <strong>de</strong> la<br />
Turquie, 17 % <strong>de</strong> l'Irak, 5 % <strong>de</strong> l'Iran <strong>et</strong> 2 % <strong>de</strong> la Syrie..<br />
TURQUIE'<br />
'<br />
La répression <strong>de</strong> l'Etat turc contre les<br />
.Kur<strong>de</strong>s s'est <strong>de</strong>chaÎnée dès 1925, <strong>de</strong>ux ans après le partage du<br />
Kurdistan au traité <strong>de</strong> Lausanne. Le pouvoir turc a pratiqué une<br />
véritable politique <strong>de</strong> la terre brûlée, détruisant <strong>de</strong>s villages<br />
rebelles, interdisant l'usage <strong>de</strong> la langue kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>et</strong> ordonnant, par<br />
tribunaux d'exception interposés, la pendaison, le bannissement<br />
ou l'emprisonnement <strong>de</strong>s insurgés locaux.<br />
98<br />
.Une sa inte alliance antikur<strong>de</strong>, baptisée pactè<br />
<strong>de</strong> Bagdad, a été passée en 1955 entre la Turquie; l'Iran <strong>et</strong> l'Irak<br />
sous l'égi<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> la Gran<strong>de</strong>-Br<strong>et</strong>agne <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s Etats-Unis. Elle prévoyait<br />
déjà la répression coordonnée <strong>de</strong>s révoltes kur<strong>de</strong>s qui viendraient<br />
à éclater sur le territoire <strong>de</strong> l'un ou l'autre <strong>de</strong>s Etats. Quelque temps<br />
plus tard, les contradictions entre les puissances ont fait éclater le<br />
pacte, ce qui n'a pas empêché l'organisation, jusqu'à aujourd'hui,<br />
d'actions <strong>de</strong> répressions multilatérales. .<br />
Humanité Dimanche N° 196 - 16/12/1993 au 22/12/1993 21
n<strong>de</strong>vrait regrouper les islamistes<br />
chiites <strong>et</strong> les nationalistes<br />
arabes, aujourd'hui violemment<br />
anti-oœi<strong>de</strong>ntaux.<br />
- Si l'ONU décidait <strong>de</strong> lever<br />
l'emburo pétrolier SUI<br />
l'Irak, quelles seraient les répereuIIiona<br />
pour la popalatiCIII,<br />
qui 80IIffre aujoard'hu i<br />
terril:ll--t?<br />
- Cela accroîtrait la marge <strong>de</strong><br />
manœuvre <strong>de</strong> SaddamHussein ,<br />
npourrait organiser la pénurif<br />
dans telle région, l'abondanœ<br />
dans telle autre. Cela a toujour; ,<br />
été sa stratégie: développer un<br />
territoire contre un autre.<br />
Aujourd'hui, on trouve <strong>de</strong> tout i:;<br />
Bagdad, à condition d'avoir l~<br />
moyens. Lafrontière avec l'Iran<br />
est gran<strong>de</strong> ouverte. Qui 11<br />
aujourd'hui la haute main sur<br />
la distribution <strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>nrées alimentaires?<br />
Le clan <strong>de</strong> Saddam<br />
qui s'est approprié les réseaux<br />
d'approvisionnement ,PrivéS.<br />
La levée <strong>de</strong> l'embargo n entraînera<br />
pas une amélioration du<br />
niveau <strong>de</strong> vie mais un durcissement<br />
du régime qui aura reçU le<br />
signal clair <strong>de</strong> sa reconnaissance<br />
par l'Occi<strong>de</strong>nt.<br />
Recueilli par<br />
Jean-Christophe PLOQUIN<br />
(1) Les chiites représentent environ<br />
40 % <strong>de</strong> la populaqon irakienne <strong>et</strong><br />
sont ~ .811. awl dll pays;<br />
~<br />
La Croix - 16 décembre 1993<br />
IITEIVIEW<br />
Pierre Martin<br />
Spécialiste <strong>de</strong> l'Irak<br />
Patiemment, le régime<br />
irakien se rapproche<br />
<strong>de</strong>s g6uvernemebts<br />
occi<strong>de</strong>ntaux.<br />
Peut-il se targoer<br />
diun changement dans<br />
sa politique <strong>de</strong> répresBion à<br />
l'égard <strong>de</strong> sa propre population?<br />
Pierre Martin : Certainement<br />
pas. La situation est particulièrement<br />
grave aujourd'hui<br />
dans le sud du pays, à dominance<br />
chüte (1), où <strong>de</strong>s campagnes<br />
militaires se poursuivent.<br />
L'opposition a affirmé, en septèinbre,<br />
que <strong>de</strong>s gaz toxiques<br />
avaient été utilisés par l'armée<br />
itakienne. C'est . certain.<br />
Unemission<strong>de</strong>l'~ qui s'est<br />
rendue à la frontière irako-iranienne<br />
a estimé ne pas pouvoir<br />
confirmer. L'absence d'une<br />
colllÙlrnnation par les Nations<br />
Unies, alors même que l'Irak<br />
estcensé, sous leur supervision,<br />
se débarrasser <strong>de</strong> tout son arsenal<br />
chimique, est très grave.<br />
Cela signifie que <strong>de</strong> tels agissements<br />
peuvent se réitérer. La<br />
situation <strong>de</strong>s chütes est aujourd'hui<br />
alarmante. Environ<br />
lOOfXH:m 2 <strong>de</strong> terre'ontété lISBér<br />
chés entre Amara, Nasiriyya <strong>et</strong><br />
Bassorah, jusqu'à la frontière<br />
iranienne. Et une lente normalisation<br />
entre Téhéran <strong>et</strong> Bagdad<br />
rend plus délicat l'accueil<br />
par l'Iran <strong>de</strong> réfugiés irakiens.<br />
Depuis plusieurs mois, <strong>de</strong>s<br />
purges frappent en outre l'appareil<br />
sunnite, qui constitue<br />
"~on<br />
<strong>de</strong>s chiites<br />
est particulièrement<br />
alarmante<br />
pourtant l'assise <strong>de</strong> Saddam<br />
Hussein. Deux vagues, au printemps<br />
<strong>et</strong> en août, ont particulièrement<br />
tôuché <strong>de</strong>ux fiefs <strong>de</strong><br />
Saddam, Tikrit, sa ville natale,<br />
<strong>et</strong> MoSsoul. Les purges visaient<br />
notamment <strong>de</strong>s militaires. n<br />
semble qu'il y ait <strong>de</strong>s luttes <strong>de</strong><br />
clans dont sortiraient vainqueurs<br />
lesMajid, proches, par le<br />
sang, <strong>de</strong> Saddam. La répression<br />
touche aussi <strong>de</strong>s notables traditionnels<br />
: l'un <strong>de</strong>s cheikhs <strong>de</strong> la<br />
tribu <strong>de</strong>s Shammar a été récemment<br />
exécuté dans la Djezireh,<br />
une région frontalière <strong>de</strong> la Syrie;<br />
ou <strong>de</strong>s religieux: <strong>de</strong>s oulé-<br />
'mas ooté.tétfl~~ Jlbur<br />
avoir critiqué les programmes<br />
du réseau privé <strong>de</strong> télévision appartenant<br />
à Odaï, l'un <strong>de</strong>sfils <strong>de</strong><br />
Saddam, .<strong>et</strong> qui diffuse beauco~p<br />
<strong>de</strong> feuill<strong>et</strong>ons américams<br />
...<br />
-Qu'enest-il<strong>de</strong>sK~qui<br />
contrôlent le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak<br />
80usla surveillance aérieone<br />
<strong>de</strong>s OccioonUiu:?<br />
- Ds sont toujours soumis à<br />
un embargo irakien même s'ils<br />
viennent <strong>de</strong> signer un aœord<br />
avec Bagdad leur perm<strong>et</strong>tant<br />
d'ach<strong>et</strong>er du fuel en Irak. De<br />
plus en plus, les alliés occi<strong>de</strong>ntaux<br />
leur conseillent <strong>de</strong> reprendre<br />
contact avec Saddam. Ce<br />
qu'ils ont fait. Eux qui figuraient<br />
parmi les plus ar<strong>de</strong>nts<br />
défenseurs <strong>de</strong>s positions américaines<br />
<strong>et</strong> européennes, au sein<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'opposition irakienne, réévaluent<br />
leur position. Le soutien<br />
<strong>de</strong> la Turquie, seule fenêtre<br />
sur l'extérieur, leur paraît<br />
moins acquis car l'opinion <strong>et</strong> le<br />
Parlement turcs poussent à une<br />
reprise <strong>de</strong>s relations diplomatiques<br />
entre Ba2dad <strong>et</strong> Ankara.<br />
Par ailleurs, les Kur<strong>de</strong>s ont<br />
réinterprété l'attitu<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>s<br />
États-Unis.<br />
Malgré les visites répétées <strong>de</strong><br />
dirigeants <strong>de</strong> l'opposition à<br />
Washington, ceux-ci estiment<br />
que l'administration Clinton<br />
considère en fait le régime <strong>de</strong><br />
Saàdam séDmme 'SOnl:t~l,<br />
«La levée <strong>de</strong> l'embargo provoquera un durcissement du régime»<br />
interlocuteur. L'envoi <strong>de</strong> quelques<br />
missiles Cruise sur Bagdad,<br />
au printemps, constituait<br />
en fait une sorte qe dialogue<br />
dans lequel les Etats-Unis<br />
fixaient quelque limites à Bagdad.<br />
Cela est aujourd'hui très<br />
clair pour les Kur<strong>de</strong>s.<br />
- L'oppositionirakieunereprésente-t-elle<br />
aujourd'hui<br />
une alternative cftdible au<br />
régime <strong>de</strong> s.t.dam.?<br />
- On assiste à l'effondrement<br />
<strong>de</strong>s tendances pro«ci<strong>de</strong>ntales.<br />
Le Congrès national irakien,<br />
basé à Londres <strong>et</strong> qui aréussiun<br />
temps à réunir la plupart <strong>de</strong>s<br />
gran<strong>de</strong>s organisations <strong>de</strong> résis-<br />
. tance kur<strong>de</strong>s, chiites ou nationalistes<br />
arabes, est aujourd'hui<br />
déserté. Les Kur<strong>de</strong>s font cavalier<br />
seul <strong>et</strong> un Front patriotique<br />
est en constitution sous le patronage<br />
<strong>de</strong> la Syrie <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> l'Iran.<br />
Une intégrité territoriale souhaitée<br />
par l'Occi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
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REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASLN ÖZETi<br />
Le Mon<strong>de</strong> - 16décembre 1993 ------------------<br />
TURQUIE<br />
..Le principal parti pro-kur<strong>de</strong> radicalise sa position<br />
Hatip Diele a été élu,<br />
dimanche 12 décembre, présihAt<br />
du Parti démocratique<br />
(OEP, ".-kur<strong>de</strong>). l'élection <strong>de</strong><br />
M. Dielt, qui figure parmi les<br />
plus radicaux <strong>de</strong>s. députés<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s lU Parlement turc - il<br />
,est l'un <strong>de</strong>s dix-sept élus contre<br />
Ie8quels une procédure <strong>de</strong> levée<br />
d'Immunité parlementaire est en<br />
ceurs ... marque un durcissement<br />
<strong>de</strong> la poHtiquedu DEP, le<br />
principal fHlrti pro-kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Tur-<br />
.. ie.<br />
ISTANBUL<br />
<strong>de</strong> notre Correspondante<br />
Malgré la pression exercée sur<br />
les nationalistes kur<strong>de</strong>s à l'approche<br />
<strong>de</strong> leur congrès, avec la<br />
nouvelle suspension du quotidien<br />
pro-kur<strong>de</strong> Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m <strong>et</strong><br />
l'arrestation <strong>de</strong> quelque 200<br />
journalistes <strong>et</strong> employés <strong>de</strong> ce<br />
journal (le Mon<strong>de</strong> daté<br />
12-13 décembre), les membres<br />
du parti ont choisi une direction<br />
plus radicale, plus proche du<br />
PKK.<br />
« Le PKK n'est pas une organisation<br />
terroriste. Puisque les<br />
voies démocratiques sont fermées<br />
en Turquie, le PKK est un parti<br />
qui a choisi la violence plutôt que<br />
la lutte politique. C'est également<br />
une organisation militaire,» a<br />
déclaré M. Dicle. « Le problème<br />
kur<strong>de</strong> ne peut pas être résolu<br />
sans le PKK, » a-t-il ajouté.<br />
Si la presse turque, qui a fait.<br />
une large place à ce congrès, a<br />
relevé ces déclarations polémiques<br />
<strong>de</strong> M. Dicle, elle a égaIement<br />
souligné' l'atmosphère'<br />
modérée qui régnait dans la salle<br />
du congrès où un grand drapeau<br />
,~urc côtoyait, pour la première<br />
Jois, les portraits du prési<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
sortant, Yasar Kaya - qui est<br />
également le propriétaIre <strong>de</strong><br />
Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m - <strong>et</strong> celui <strong>de</strong><br />
'Mehm<strong>et</strong> Sincar, le député kur<strong>de</strong><br />
,assassiné en septembre. Les slo- ,<br />
gans étaient moins pr~vocateurs '<br />
'qu'à l'accoutumée <strong>et</strong> les déclara- '<br />
:tlOns <strong>de</strong>s divers candidats à la<br />
direction du DEP plus modérées.<br />
Hatip Dicle a déclaré que le<br />
DEP était en faveur <strong>de</strong> l'unité <strong>de</strong><br />
la Turquie, mais il a ajouté que<br />
'd'autres options <strong>de</strong>vaient être'<br />
discutées ouvertement.<br />
« Un rdle<br />
<strong>de</strong> martyr»<br />
Dans un commentaire, le quotidien<br />
Hürriy<strong>et</strong> a souligné qu'en<br />
dépit <strong>de</strong> l'élection d'un dirigeant,<br />
radical le DEP aVai~~tteint un<br />
nouveau <strong>de</strong>gré <strong>de</strong>malurité. Mais'<br />
c<strong>et</strong>te sagesse nouvelle - en partie<br />
le résultat du «ras-le-bol» <strong>de</strong> la<br />
. population kur<strong>de</strong> après dix ans<br />
<strong>de</strong> conflit - arrive probablement<br />
trop tard pour ,sauver le parti,<br />
, menacé d'interdiction. Jugé trop<br />
proche <strong>de</strong>s séparatistes du Parti<br />
<strong>de</strong>s Travailleurs du Kurdistan<br />
(PKK) - même si Abdullah Ocalan,<br />
le dirigeant du PKK, vient<br />
<strong>de</strong> critiquer sévèrement les députés<br />
nationalistes trop conforta-:<br />
blement installés à Ankara - le .<br />
. DEP ne' semble plus pouvoir<br />
jouer le rôle d'intermédia,ite<br />
entre les communautés turque <strong>et</strong><br />
kur<strong>de</strong> que l'entrée <strong>de</strong> ses membres<br />
au Parlement en 1991 avait<br />
laissé espérer. «Le DEP n'a plus<br />
d'espace politique, le rôle <strong>de</strong> mar- '<br />
tyr est le seul qui lui reste à<br />
jouer », observe un diplomate<br />
européen.<br />
La menace d'interdiction ne<br />
,semble pas décourager les membres<br />
du DEP, ni d'ailleurs les<br />
journalistes d'Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m.<br />
qui, Ji~~s, ,ont 'repris \a..uuhli.<br />
cation du quotidien mardi,. en<br />
dépit d'une nouvelle perquisition<br />
le jour même. Trente-neuf per-<br />
'sonnes sont toujours en gar<strong>de</strong> à,<br />
vue <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux sont inculpées.<br />
Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m n'est certes pas',<br />
impartial - éertains <strong>de</strong> ses édito- '<br />
.riaux, publiés sous uri pseudonyme,<br />
sont attribués à Abdullah<br />
Ocalan lui-même - mais il pré- '<br />
sente u,l1 point <strong>de</strong> vue <strong>et</strong> une<br />
version <strong>de</strong>s faits différents, parti-<br />
.culièn:ment importants dans une<br />
situation <strong>de</strong> conflit. Avec une<br />
~iffusjon <strong>de</strong> 30 000 exemplaires,<br />
11ne représente guère un danger<br />
.pour la Turquie. Fréquemment,<br />
confisqué, interdit <strong>de</strong> :vente dans<br />
certaines localités, le quotidien a<br />
également perdu neuf <strong>de</strong> ses cor-:<br />
respondants, tués par <strong>de</strong>s assaillants<br />
non i<strong>de</strong>ntifiés. D'autre<br />
part, <strong>de</strong>ux journalistes <strong>de</strong> la<br />
chaîne <strong>de</strong> télévision privée HBB<br />
ont été arrêtés mardi après la'<br />
diffusion d'un programme dans<br />
:lequel sont intervenus <strong>de</strong>s memo.<br />
bre$ d'une association pacifiste<br />
Dernières Nouvelles d'Alsace -16 décembre 1993<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s: une entrevue<br />
Le directeur <strong>de</strong> cabin<strong>et</strong> du<br />
préf<strong>et</strong>, Dominique Blais. a reçu<br />
hier en présence du procureur<br />
<strong>de</strong> la République, Edmond<br />
Stenger, une délégation<br />
du Collectif <strong>de</strong> soutien à l'as.<br />
s,ociation <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du<br />
Kurdistan !i Strasbourg (1) ainsi<br />
que <strong>de</strong>ux représentants <strong>de</strong><br />
O,ia.communauté Kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />
.S.trasbourg.<br />
...ûriLrevcÏe s'est déroulée<br />
dans un esprit <strong>de</strong> respect mutUel»,<br />
a souligné Pierr~ Greib,<br />
prési<strong>de</strong>nt duCLAPEST (Comité<br />
<strong>de</strong> <strong>liaison</strong> pour l'a1phabéti-<br />
,sation <strong>de</strong>s immigrés en A1sa-.<br />
ce). Lors <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong> entr<strong>et</strong>ien, les<br />
. ,<br />
membres <strong>de</strong> la délégation ont<br />
affirmé leur opposition à la<br />
dissolution <strong>de</strong> l'Association<br />
<strong>de</strong>s patriotes du Kurdistan <strong>de</strong><br />
Strasbourg. Ils ont également<br />
fait part <strong>de</strong>s dangers d'un<br />
amalgame entre les membres<br />
d'une association kur<strong>de</strong>, insérés<br />
dans la vie publique <strong>et</strong> so-<br />
. ciale, <strong>et</strong> les terroristes.<br />
En réponse. le directeur <strong>de</strong><br />
cabin<strong>et</strong> du préf<strong>et</strong> <strong>et</strong> leprocureur<br />
<strong>de</strong> la République ont fait.<br />
une distinction entre les procédures<br />
administratives qui<br />
ont déjà été prises <strong>et</strong> les procédures<br />
judiciaires qui définiqui<br />
se sont explicitement décla-<br />
'rés contre le service militaire,<br />
obligatoire en Turquie.<br />
NICOLE<br />
POPE<br />
'Une centaine <strong>de</strong> séparatistes<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s tués en trois jours. -<br />
Cinquante rebelles kur<strong>de</strong>s ont<br />
été tués au cours <strong>de</strong> l'opération<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'aviation turque, lundi,<br />
dans le nord irakien (le Mon<strong>de</strong>,<br />
du 15 décembre) <strong>et</strong> un dépôt <strong>de</strong><br />
munitions', a été détruit, a<br />
affirmé màrdi 14 décembre à<br />
Ankara le premier ministre<br />
turc, Tansu Ciller. Ce bilan<br />
porte à 105 le nombre <strong>de</strong> morts<br />
<strong>de</strong>puis samedi, en Turquie <strong>et</strong><br />
dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak, d'après<br />
les chiffres fournis par les autorités<br />
qui avaient fait état <strong>de</strong><br />
quarante-<strong>de</strong>ux morts au cours<br />
<strong>de</strong> diverses opérations dans le<br />
sud-est turc à majorité kur<strong>de</strong>,<br />
pour la seule nuit <strong>de</strong> dimanche<br />
à lundi. - (AFP, Reuter.) ,<br />
ront les responsabilités <strong>de</strong><br />
chacun,<br />
Un recours <strong>de</strong>vant le<br />
Conseil d'Etat a été engagé<br />
contre la dissolution d'associations<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s en France, qui<br />
. était intervenue par décr<strong>et</strong>, le<br />
2 décembre <strong>de</strong>'mier.<br />
(1) Le coUectif <strong>de</strong> soutien est<br />
composé <strong>de</strong>s associations:<br />
Strasbourg--Pratemité, SOS<br />
Racisme, Ras l'Front, les<br />
Amis du peuple Kur<strong>de</strong>-Fran--<br />
ce, le SNU-IPP 67, la Ligue<br />
<strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme, lJo1s..<br />
sociation <strong>de</strong>s amis <strong>et</strong> ré~<br />
<strong>de</strong>nts du Neudmf, leCIA-<br />
PEST.<br />
100
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA<br />
STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
L Républicain - 16 décembre 1993<br />
Les Kur<strong>de</strong>s existent. parlons-en I<br />
Neuf associations françaises,<br />
dont la Maison du mon<strong>de</strong> à Evry,<br />
ont tenu, jeudi 9 décembre, une<br />
conférence <strong>de</strong> presse, présidée<br />
par Mme Geneviève Jacques, secrétaire<br />
générale <strong>de</strong> la Cllma<strong>de</strong>,<br />
<strong>et</strong> maitre Daniel Jacoby, prési<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
<strong>de</strong> la fédération internationale<br />
<strong>de</strong>s ligues <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong><br />
l'homme, pour lancer une campagne<br />
d'opinion pour le respect<br />
<strong>de</strong>s droits du peuple kur<strong>de</strong>.<br />
En 1991, l'opinion publique<br />
s'émeut <strong>de</strong> la situation <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s fuyant les persécutions<br />
du régime <strong>de</strong> Sadd am Hussein.<br />
Un vaste élan <strong>de</strong> solidarité<br />
amène les pays occi<strong>de</strong>ntaux à<br />
protéger la population kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>et</strong><br />
garantir son r<strong>et</strong>our sur une partie<br />
<strong>de</strong> la région kur<strong>de</strong> d'Irak.<br />
Mais "ai<strong>de</strong> humanitaire ne peut<br />
résoudre le problème politique <strong>de</strong><br />
l'existence <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la reconnaissance<br />
<strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong>s quelque<br />
trente millions <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s qui vivent<br />
en Turquie, Irak, Iran <strong>et</strong> Syrie<br />
ess4;lntiellement, où ils subissent<br />
une répression violente <strong>de</strong>puis<br />
<strong>de</strong> nombreuses années,<br />
dans la plus gran<strong>de</strong> indifférence.<br />
C'est dans ce contexte que<br />
neuf associations lancent une<br />
campagne d'opinion pour <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>r<br />
au gouvernement français <strong>de</strong><br />
ne pas sacrifier le sort <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s au nom d'intérêts géostratégiques.<br />
C<strong>et</strong>te campagne poursuit <strong>de</strong>ux<br />
objectifs: la création d'un groupe<br />
d'étu<strong>de</strong>s parlementaires sur ce<br />
-suj<strong>et</strong> <strong>et</strong> la livraison à la Turquie<br />
<strong>de</strong> vingt hélicoptères Super Puma<br />
à partir <strong>de</strong> 1995. Les associations.<br />
<strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>nt que la france ne livre<br />
ces hélicoptères que si la Turquie<br />
accepte une clause <strong>de</strong> non utilisation<br />
<strong>de</strong> ces armes contre la p0-<br />
pulation civile.<br />
La campagne est diffusée sous<br />
la forme d'un document <strong>de</strong> huit<br />
pages <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> cartes postales. Documents<br />
à comman<strong>de</strong>r auprès <strong>de</strong><br />
la Maison du mon<strong>de</strong>, 32, allée J.-<br />
Rostand, 91000 Evry. Tél.<br />
60.78.55.00.<br />
La Montagne - 16 décembre 1993<br />
PROTESTATION<br />
,<br />
Une réaction <strong>de</strong> maires<br />
Les maires d'Auzon, 8ournoncle-Saint-Pierre,<br />
Lemp<strong>de</strong>s <strong>et</strong><br />
Sainte-Florine ont uni leur désapprobation<br />
<strong>et</strong> le font savoir,<br />
en réaction aux différents repor-.<br />
tages télévisés relatifs à l'opération<br />
<strong>de</strong> police .organisée le<br />
mois <strong>de</strong>rnier contre les membres<br />
du parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du<br />
J(urdistan d'origine turque<br />
(PKK).<br />
« France 2 <strong>et</strong> TF1 ont utilisé<br />
<strong>de</strong>s images provenant d'anciens<br />
reportages effectués dans le<br />
Bassin minier <strong>et</strong> qui concernaient<br />
les familles kur<strong>de</strong>s irakiennes<br />
accueillies en novembre<br />
1989 dans les communes d'Auzon,<br />
Bournoncle-Saint-Pierre,<br />
Lemp<strong>de</strong>s <strong>et</strong> Sainte-Florine.<br />
L'amalgame <strong>de</strong> ces images pt'Ut<br />
laisser penser que les familles<br />
sont, SOIt liées, soit même partie<br />
prenante ou membres du<br />
PKK •.<br />
• Les maires <strong>de</strong> ces communes<br />
s'élèvent contre <strong>de</strong> tels procédée<br />
qui font planer la suspicion sur<br />
une communauté durement touchée<br />
par le génoci<strong>de</strong> du .gouvernement<br />
irakien à leur encontre<br />
<strong>et</strong> qui ne <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> qu'à s'intégrer<br />
•.<br />
Dernières Nouvelles d'Alsace - 16 décembre 1993<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s emprisonnés<br />
La grève <strong>de</strong> la faim<br />
continue<br />
UNE vingtaine <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
<strong>de</strong> Turquie continuent<br />
<strong>de</strong>puis quinze jours un<br />
mouvement <strong>de</strong> grève <strong>de</strong> la faim<br />
pour protester contre l'arrestation<br />
<strong>de</strong> vingt <strong>de</strong> leurs camara<strong>de</strong>s<br />
lors <strong>de</strong> la rafle effectuée le<br />
18 novembre dans l'immij!;ration<br />
kur<strong>de</strong> par la police française.<br />
Les grévistes <strong>de</strong> la faim,<br />
réfugiés dans le local d'une association<br />
kur<strong>de</strong> (23, rue du<br />
Faubourg-Saint-Denis, à <strong>Paris</strong>)<br />
protestent également contre la<br />
dissolution <strong>et</strong> l'interdiction, décidées<br />
le 30 novembre par le<br />
gouvernement français, <strong>de</strong> plusieurs<br />
associations culturelles <strong>de</strong><br />
travailleurs kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>et</strong> du Comité<br />
du Kurdistan.<br />
Faire pression<br />
sur Ankara<br />
Depuis une semaine, les<br />
,17 Kur<strong>de</strong>s maintenus en détention<br />
<strong>de</strong>puis le 18 novembre se<br />
sont joints au mouvement <strong>et</strong> refusent<br />
<strong>de</strong> s'alimenter. Rappelons<br />
que 20 travailIeurs kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
avaient été maintenus en détention<br />
aprés la rafle du 18 novembre<br />
sous l'accusation d'cc ass0-<br />
ciation <strong>de</strong> malfaiteurs en<br />
relation av<strong>et</strong> une organisation<br />
terroriste )t <strong>et</strong> cc extorsion <strong>de</strong><br />
fonds )t. Trois d'entre eux ont<br />
été libérés la semaine <strong>de</strong>rnière,<br />
faute <strong>de</strong> la moindre preuve<br />
contre eux dans leurs dossiers.<br />
Les audiences continuent <strong>et</strong> les<br />
avocats, affirmant que tous les<br />
dossiers sont vi<strong>de</strong>s, continuent<br />
d'exiger la libération <strong>de</strong> leurs<br />
clients.<br />
A Strasbourg, lors <strong>de</strong> la session<br />
en cours du Parlement européen,<br />
le groupe Coalition <strong>de</strong>s<br />
gauche a déposé un proj<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />
résolution, notamment signé <strong>de</strong><br />
René Piqu<strong>et</strong>, <strong>de</strong>mandant aux<br />
gouvernements <strong>de</strong> France <strong>et</strong><br />
d'Allemagne <strong>de</strong> ne pas expulser<br />
<strong>de</strong> réfugiés kur<strong>de</strong>s vers la Turquie.<br />
Le texte condamne les sanglantes<br />
exactions <strong>de</strong> l'armée turque<br />
<strong>et</strong> les actes terroristes du<br />
PKK. 11<strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> au gouvernement<br />
turc <strong>de</strong> m<strong>et</strong>tre fin à la<br />
répression <strong>et</strong> d'entamer <strong>de</strong>s négociations<br />
av<strong>et</strong> les représentants<br />
du . peuple kur<strong>de</strong>. 11 <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong><br />
aux autorités communautaires<br />
<strong>et</strong> aux Etats membres d'utiliser<br />
:eurs relations politiqu~ <strong>et</strong> économiques<br />
avec Ankara pour<br />
faire pression en ce sens.<br />
• Hatip Dicle, trenœ-huit ans,<br />
député <strong>de</strong> Diyarbakir, a été<br />
élu, dimanche soir, prési<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
du Parti <strong>de</strong> la démocratie<br />
(DEP), réuni en congrès à<br />
Ankara. Le DEP défend le!><br />
droits <strong>de</strong>s populations kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
du sud-est <strong>de</strong> la Turquie <strong>et</strong>, en<br />
premier lieu, la reconnaissance<br />
<strong>de</strong> leur i<strong>de</strong>ntité <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> leurs<br />
droits culturels <strong>et</strong> politiques. Il<br />
dispose <strong>de</strong> 17 députés à l'Assemblée<br />
nationale <strong>de</strong> Turquie,<br />
tOlL'imenacés <strong>de</strong> levée <strong>de</strong> leur<br />
ilDlllunité parlementaire. Le<br />
parti lili-même est actuelle-<br />
_nt obj<strong>et</strong> d'une enquête judiciaire<br />
pour 4( activité séparatiste<br />
)t. Lors <strong>de</strong> son congrès, le<br />
DEP s'est prononcé contre la<br />
violence <strong>et</strong> pour une solution<br />
politique <strong>et</strong> démocratique du<br />
problème kur<strong>de</strong>.<br />
101
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Irak-France: <strong>de</strong>s r<strong>et</strong>rouvailles<br />
sous roche ?<br />
Jean-Luc Banière, le technicien françai
I-<<br />
~<br />
Cl)<br />
u<br />
Cl)<br />
Cl<br />
I<br />
,<br />
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
nation will probably never forgive them ... that it is the families of draft dodgers who should be sorry for the<br />
those who should really be sorry for what is situation.<br />
happening are the families of the people who As result of Serdar Gürefs own attempts at dodging military<br />
will do anything to avoid military service and<br />
'The thereby have lost their principal values."<br />
service, reaction has now rightfully targ<strong>et</strong>ed Gen. Güre~. "First<br />
send your son, Pasha," was how the headline of a Turkish newspaper<br />
read on Dec. 6.<br />
These words came in early December from the spokesman of Serdar Güre~ is less known by the foreign community than he<br />
Turkey's Chief of Staff, who promised to the Turkish nation that is by the Turkish public - and èspecially by those rea<strong>de</strong>rs who<br />
all draft dodgers would certainly be punished "the way they closely follow scandal magazines. His name is associated with<br />
<strong>de</strong>serve, and willlive with this disgrace for the rest of their lives." television serials, where he was readily given a job, and with<br />
Col. Dogu SilahçlOglu's statement, quoted by the Anatolia some gang fights. Once there was a report that, at the head of a<br />
news agency, was but part of Ankara's overall drive for military group of soldiers, this young draft dodger had exhibited his powers<br />
of command byraiding a night club where he had had an<br />
recruitment, which is partly an attempt to cope with terrorism. It<br />
also reflected the irony which lies behind the Turkish system. argument.<br />
Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Süleyman Demirel, for instance, was a draft dodger Most of all, however, Serdar Güre~ is now a symbol in the<br />
until the age of 31 and did his military service only after the 1960 Turkish press of how crooked the system is. As thousands of<br />
military coup.<br />
young and patriotic children were giving their lives for their<br />
I myself was a draft dodger until1985 when I was dragged into country over the past years, Güre~ has been having the time of his<br />
military service.<br />
life.<br />
And I have known many other draft dodgers over the past<br />
Acting, using parental influence to go about his business, having<br />
fun and avoiding military service.<br />
jeca<strong>de</strong>, mainly people who have families and jobs and are afraid<br />
)f losing both while serving compulsory military service on an<br />
Now we learn from an Istanbul press conference that Serdar<br />
incredibly low wage.<br />
was not even a stu<strong>de</strong>nt, as he had<br />
According to the Defence Minister,<br />
claimed to be for over the past four<br />
1 total of 250 thousand people in<br />
Turkey - where the army numbers<br />
around 500 thousand - are draft<br />
jodgers. He too accepts that a majority<br />
of these are from the troubled<br />
Southeast region.<br />
This week, when two Turkish television<br />
journalists attempted to cover<br />
the issue and showed footage of interviews<br />
with draft dodgers, they were<br />
arrested. A military court is now to<br />
"The question now is why<br />
Serdar, or any other<br />
children, can have this<br />
kind of immunity, while<br />
those without influential<br />
parents have to go and<br />
fight -- and die-- for their<br />
country. And how/ar.those<br />
who<br />
keep on talking of courage<br />
and heroism will tolerate this."<br />
char~e them with encouraging draft<br />
evasIOn.<br />
This alone shows how sensitive<br />
Turkey has become on this issue. And<br />
to what extent the issue can be freely<br />
<strong>de</strong>bated without ending up in trouble.<br />
In the words of one security officer,<br />
draft dodging appears to have become<br />
part of the Turkish culture and its roots<br />
should not only be sought in separatist<br />
violence. Nor is it news that a majority<br />
of the children of the rich do not serve<br />
in the troubled Southeast region.<br />
In the words of a police officer at Istanbul's international airport,<br />
"We never see anyone dressed properly heading there.<br />
Always the soldiers going to the region are children of the poor or<br />
the middle class."<br />
In<strong>de</strong>ed, the system itself has adapted to the conditions over the<br />
years. Many officials have exercised their political influence to<br />
"help" relatives and friends, basing them in other and safer parts<br />
of the country.<br />
As a result, it can be seen that many of the Turkish "heroes<br />
who have earned the respect of the nation" in that region, as it<br />
was expressed by Col. SilahçlOglu, are actually middle class or<br />
peasant children, mainly from the Black Sea region. Another si<strong>de</strong><br />
of the coin is obviously those who have so much influence on the<br />
overall system that they have managed to avoid military service<br />
altog<strong>et</strong>her - turning draft dodging into a sort of profession.<br />
The real irony which has surfaced in the recent months, though,<br />
is the fact that as Turkey's military command searches for these<br />
potential recruits un<strong>de</strong>r a new policy, the most senior comman<strong>de</strong>r<br />
of the Turkish armed forces is failing to see that the rules are<br />
kept. Recent reports imply that Gen. Güre~ has no say even over<br />
his own son, while officers from his <strong>de</strong>partment are saying openly<br />
years. Is the Güre~ family so divi<strong>de</strong>d<br />
that the Pasha father did not know of<br />
this? Or is a son too valuable to<br />
serve the country?<br />
On Tuesday, a group of teachers<br />
from the State Conservatory held a<br />
press conference which they referred<br />
to as "informing on a crime," and<br />
<strong>de</strong>clared that Güre~ forced his way<br />
into the school in 1988 with the<br />
assistance of an officer and his<br />
father' s ai<strong>de</strong>-<strong>de</strong>-camp. In other<br />
words, they were "or<strong>de</strong>red" to<br />
accept him. And their story continues:<br />
Serdar gtadually started to prop<br />
olll of dasse:i and by the end of the<br />
firs't year, failed because he had not<br />
atten<strong>de</strong>d enough. In 1990, when he<br />
did not attend classes again he was<br />
about to fail but an exception was<br />
ma<strong>de</strong> and he.stayed. At one point, he<br />
was elevated from the second class<br />
to the fourth, and so on.<br />
The issue was so controversial that, angered by Serdar's immunity,<br />
one of his lecturers even resigned in protest. The general<br />
view among his teachers is that the son ofTurkey's Chief of Staff<br />
has used his school registration only to dodge military service. 'In<br />
other words, he is among the 250 thousand who, according to<br />
Col. Dogu SilahçlOglu, "will probably never be forgiven by the<br />
nation." t<br />
How much ofthis Gen. Güre~ knows, and how far his influence<br />
over Serdar extends, is not quite clear, but looking at what<br />
Serdar's teachers are saying, it appears that he is fully aware of<br />
what is going on.<br />
The question is why Serdar, or any other children, can have this<br />
kind of immunity, while those without influential parents have to<br />
go and fight -and die- for their country. And how far those<br />
who keep on talking of courage and heroism will tolerate this.<br />
Serdar, we've all done our military service and served this<br />
country. Now we are waiting for you to make your own <strong>de</strong>cision<br />
to do the same. Otherwise what we are being told about <strong>de</strong>termination,<br />
combat, and the great values which some institutions represent,<br />
won't have any meaning, will it?<br />
103
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />
Fighting breaks out<br />
among Iraqi Kurds<br />
The Associated<br />
Press<br />
NICOSIA- Recent fighting b<strong>et</strong>ween<br />
Kurdish factions In northern ne with a policy of controlling<br />
errillas of the Soèialist Party in li-<br />
Iraq left a number of people killed "paramilitary" groups.<br />
or woun<strong>de</strong>d, Kurdish sources and The sRokesman said the fighting<br />
an Iraqi newspaper said Wednesday.<br />
'<br />
could provi<strong>de</strong> no figures. The<br />
led to 'a few" casualties, but he<br />
They said the violence was b<strong>et</strong>- . fi~hting spread to neighboring Irbit<br />
and Kirkuk provinces, but was<br />
ween the Kurdistan Democratic<br />
Party led by Massoud Barzani and later brought "un<strong>de</strong>r control," he<br />
a smaller group, the Kurdistan Socialist<br />
Party.<br />
, The state-run Baghdad newspa-<br />
said.<br />
A spokesman for the KDP in per AI-Iraq said the fighting led to<br />
London, who spoke on condition 'mass killing" of men, women and<br />
of anonymity, said the fi$hting began<br />
dunng attempts to Olsarm gurillas<br />
"attacked and occupied"<br />
children after Socialist Party guer-<br />
a<br />
facilityrun by Barzani's group in<br />
the city of Sulaymaniyah,<br />
The KDP spokesman <strong>de</strong>nied the<br />
Iraqi casualty report, saying the<br />
~aghdad state-run ~ewspapers<br />
alw~ys exaggerate In their reports.<br />
"They want to show the world<br />
tJier'e i~no law and or<strong>de</strong>r in Kurdistan,"<br />
he said. "They want to<br />
stab the <strong>de</strong>mocratic process in the<br />
'back.<br />
No spokesman for the Socialist<br />
Party was available for comment.<br />
The KDP and the other larae<br />
Iraqi Kurdish faction, the Patrioâc<br />
Umon of Kurdistan, have been ruling<br />
an autonomous Kurdistan re- .<br />
gion in a coalition government.<br />
The government of Saddam<br />
Hussein, which opposes any moves<br />
toward Kurdish in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nce<br />
and rejects the United Nations'<br />
imposition of a "safe haven" in the<br />
rèaion, has sought to portray the<br />
serf-styled Kurdish government as<br />
chaotic and violent.<br />
The safe haven was established<br />
after the 1991 Gulf War in an attempt<br />
to protect Kurdish civilians<br />
from the wrath of Saddam's forces<br />
after twin Kurdish and Shiite<br />
Mus.lim rebellion~ failed. Despite<br />
waging war agaInst a common<br />
enemy -- the Baghdad government<br />
-- the Kurds have been far from<br />
united. Last year the Iraqi Kurds<br />
joined forces with Turkish government<br />
soldiers in fighting Turkey's<br />
Kurdish rebels. Infighting<br />
among the Iraqi<br />
, also is common.<br />
Kurdish factions<br />
The 20 million Kurds, an Indo-<br />
European people, are spread around<br />
five states -- 10 million in<br />
Turkey, 5.5 million in Iran, and '<br />
3.5 million in Iraq, with small<br />
enclaves in Syria<br />
Sovi<strong>et</strong> Union.<br />
and the former<br />
Libération - 17 décembre 1993<br />
TURQUIE<br />
- SYRIE<br />
Le chef du PKK'<br />
it<br />
Ali terme d'un protocole signé en'avnl<br />
't ' At' S. 1992, les <strong>de</strong>ux parties avaient<br />
condamné le terrorisme <strong>et</strong> s'étaient enaura<br />
e e arre e en yne<br />
, gagées à empêcher toute activité illé- ,<br />
Jlhdullah. Dca/an, qui diri<strong>de</strong> /a rébellion kur<strong>de</strong> contre gale sur leurs sols respectifs. Cinq mois<br />
rv,I 0' plus tard, un accord intervenait sur le<br />
l'Etat turc, serait détenu àDamas surorare d'~Çld~ ' partage <strong>de</strong>s eaux. Avant d'être dé-<br />
Lesservicessecr<strong>et</strong>ssYri~nsont-ilsar- <strong>de</strong>ux fois, mais jamais plus dé virigt~ ' ,noncé. Entre-temps, Damas avait<br />
rêté l'ennemi numéro un <strong>de</strong> la Tur-guatre ou quarante-huit heures. La Sy- fermé les bases du PKK dans la plaine<br />
quie? La presse d'Ankaral'af-ne abrite Ocalan <strong>de</strong>puis le ciébut <strong>de</strong> 'libanaise<strong>de</strong>laBekaa,placéesousson<br />
firme: le dirigeant du PKK (Parti <strong>de</strong>s l'insurrection dans le, Sud-Est anato- 'contrôle. L'annonce en mai parOcalan<br />
travailleurs du Kurdistan) Abdullah' 'lien, en 1984. A maintes reprises; An- <strong>de</strong> la reprise <strong>de</strong> la lutte armée, après un<br />
Ocalan, dit «Apo», serait détenu à Da-l
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwlSTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZET;<br />
••<br />
Colleagues fear for life of Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m editor<br />
46 newspaper employees in<br />
custody, may be tortured<br />
Turkish Dai/x. News<br />
ANKARA- Colleagues of daily Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m's editor-inchief<br />
Gurb<strong>et</strong>elli Ersöz fear for her life after a police officer<br />
informed them she was ill following her <strong>de</strong>tention.<br />
total of 46 newspaper employees, including Ersöz and the<br />
whole editorial board, are still in custody being questioned<br />
by the political police.<br />
Auttiorities have banned attorneys from v\~iting or speaking<br />
to the suspects and there is concern in Ozgür Günâem<br />
that they may be tortured.<br />
One executive of the newspaper who was among the 88<br />
suspects released by the police last weekend said he had seen<br />
his collea$ues being physically' harassed.<br />
"What IS the state liiding?" Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m asked in a front<br />
page banner headlin'e on Friday, noting that the police consistently<br />
prevented lawyers from seeing the sus~cts.<br />
The International Fe<strong>de</strong>ration of Journalists (IFJ) said in a<br />
statement, meanwhile, that there was serious concern over<br />
the attitu<strong>de</strong> of the Turkish state with regard to press freedoms.<br />
The London-based PEN Writers in Prison committee also<br />
con<strong>de</strong>mned the treatment of Özgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m and appealed for<br />
urgent action.<br />
The <strong>Paris</strong>-based Journalists Without Frontiers (RSF) organization<br />
appealed for the international community to join in<br />
the protest.<br />
RSF director Robert Menard called on Turkey to respect<br />
press freedoms and hUl1)anrights, <strong>de</strong>manding that all of the<br />
<strong>de</strong>tained employees of Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m be s<strong>et</strong> free. Colleagues<br />
of the <strong>de</strong>tained journalists fear that the Turkish police may<br />
be attempting to force the "suspects" into signing false confessions<br />
un<strong>de</strong>r torture.<br />
Hariri's message to Ankara.'<br />
Terrorist activities<br />
will be prevented as<br />
Beirut takes control<br />
'We won't allow any terrorist groups to use<br />
our land to harm our neighbors, , he says<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- Lebanese Prime Minister<br />
Rafïk al-Hariri assured Ankara<br />
during his two-day visit that terrorist<br />
activities would be prevented as Lebanon<br />
increased its autRority over its<br />
Syrian-controlled Bekaa Valley...<br />
Turkish sources quoted Hann as<br />
saving that as Lebanese sovereignty<br />
inéreased in the Bekaa Valley, terror-<br />
ist activities would be <strong>de</strong>creased and<br />
eventuaHy stopped. Hariri also told<br />
the Voice of Turkey that Lebanon<br />
would not allow "any terrorist groups<br />
to use our territones to harm our<br />
neighbors." "It is not in our interest<br />
to harbor terrorist activities, our interest<br />
lies in reconstructing our wartom<br />
country," Turkish sources quot-<br />
G-üiiae<br />
The United Nations Committee Against Torture had said<br />
in a November dated report that there was "habitual, wi<strong>de</strong>spread,<br />
<strong>de</strong>liberate and systematic torture in Turkey."<br />
Most of the torture in police custody aims at extracting<br />
confessions which can later be used against suspects, in cases<br />
where there is a lack of substantial evi<strong>de</strong>nce, according to<br />
a leading human rights activists.<br />
According to journalist-author Haluk Gerger, who was recently<br />
sentenced .\0 nearly two years jail for a controversial<br />
article, many of Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m's former staff have now r<strong>et</strong>urned<br />
to the paper to keep it in print.<br />
Gerger, tog<strong>et</strong>her with the newspaper's first editor-in-chief<br />
Raglp Duran, and Sernra Somersan are among the writers<br />
who are now working on a daily basis to publish the paper in<br />
the absence of its <strong>de</strong>tained editorial board,<br />
Last Friday, police in Istanbul cracked down on the Özgür<br />
Gün<strong>de</strong>m building where they <strong>de</strong>tained 107 people. On Saturday,<br />
raids on other newspaper offices continued. Although<br />
88 of those in custody in Istanbul were released, arrests continued<br />
nationwi<strong>de</strong>.<br />
According to the U.S.-based Committee to Protect Journalists,<br />
which sent a message of protest to Prime Minister Tansu<br />
Çill!';r,the State Secunty Court, which had failed to close<br />
down Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m using legal m<strong>et</strong>hods "has succee<strong>de</strong>d in<br />
closing the newspaper for three days by arresting its employees."<br />
.. .<br />
Following the raid, Özgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m could not print until<br />
the following Tuesday.<br />
ed Hariri as saying during the official dinner given in Hariri's honor that<br />
talks. Insi<strong>de</strong> sources said they be- "Turkey was <strong>de</strong>termined to help<br />
lieved this message was <strong>de</strong>livered to Lebanon with its reconstruction."<br />
Ankara after Lebanese-Syrian con- Çiller's words were echoed by<br />
sullations and was ma<strong>de</strong> with the Treasury,. acting Un<strong>de</strong>rsecr<strong>et</strong>ary<br />
knowledge, if not at the suggestion, Osman.Unsal, who said Turkey<br />
of Damascus. Motherland Party could take at least 10 percent of<br />
(ANAP) lea<strong>de</strong>r Mesut Yllmaz, who the 25 .billion dollar budg<strong>et</strong> that<br />
also held a half-hour me<strong>et</strong>ing with Lebanon had allocated for recon-<br />
Hariri, asked the Lebanese prime struction.<br />
minister outright wh<strong>et</strong>her Abdullah "The total mark<strong>et</strong> in Lebanon is<br />
Ocalan, the PKK lea<strong>de</strong>r, who held a worth $20-25 billion. So we are<br />
press conference in Lebanon last talking of $2-2.5 billion if Tl!rkey<br />
year, was "still in Lebanon." "Cer-. can g<strong>et</strong> a 10 percent share," Unsal<br />
tainly not," Hariri was quoted as say- said.<br />
ing. "He came to Lebanon a year Hariri who arrived in Ankara<br />
ago, but he never lived there." o~ Thurs'day,.was accompan~ed by<br />
But both Hariri and his Turkish hiS finan~e, !ndustry. a.nd Oll and<br />
counterpart Tansu Çiller were at commuOicatlOns mlOisters .. He<br />
pains to stress that the focus of the tour~d the Nur~I-FMC factory, Just<br />
talks was "mainly economic," al- out~l<strong>de</strong> the capital, where armored<br />
though neither ruled out discussing ~ehlcles we prod~ced un~er U.S.<br />
terrorism and security.<br />
h,cence.. Unsal sal.d.Turkish offi-<br />
Cials bnefed Hann on Turkey's<br />
privatization efforts, free tra<strong>de</strong><br />
Economic cooperation<br />
While the "security dimension"<br />
in the talks was played down, the<br />
"economic dimension" was often<br />
mentioned in press statements durine:<br />
the visit. Ciller said, both in<br />
her remarks at me beginning of the<br />
-visit and in her speech during a<br />
zones and construction sector as<br />
well as possible regional projects<br />
and financing. He told reporters<br />
Turkey's Eximbank would provi<strong>de</strong><br />
an undisclosed amount of credit<br />
for projects. Turkish officials<br />
woufd visit Lebanon next month<br />
105
REvuE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
for <strong>de</strong>tailed talks, he ad<strong>de</strong>d. Turkish<br />
diplomats said after holding<br />
talks with Lebanese officials that<br />
they discussed the establishment ef<br />
a Turco-Lebanese business council<br />
Ṫurkey can make an important<br />
contribution to the construction of<br />
roads and to electrification.<br />
While in Istanbul, Hariri will be<br />
visiting Tekfen and Enka Holdings,<br />
both leading names in construction.<br />
UN surveys gamma<br />
emissions over Iraq<br />
to check nuke arms<br />
Reuters<br />
UNITED NATIONS- The United Nations said it tracked<br />
gamma emissions over Iraq in an effort to <strong>de</strong>tect any remaining<br />
nuclear weapons materials and flew over Baghdad<br />
for the first time without Iraqi obiections.<br />
A statement from the U.N: Special Commission, in<br />
charge of scrapping Iraq's weapons of mass <strong>de</strong>struction,<br />
said the recent aerial surveys were to verify Iraq's <strong>de</strong>clarations<br />
of its nuclear weapons program, which has been largely<br />
eliminated. A recent helicopter survey plotted the locatIon<br />
of the electromagn<strong>et</strong>ic radIation, particularly that above<br />
normallevels, and inclu<strong>de</strong>d five new sites in and around<br />
municipal Baghdadand in central and northwestern Iraq.<br />
IraqI autbaities in the past had objected to overflights in<br />
and around Baghdad but there was no sign of protest for<br />
this flight. The survey was to verify current knowledge of<br />
radioactive materials, investigate new sites and periodically<br />
check any changein the level of radiation.<br />
"Major changesin emission levels might be indicative of<br />
movements of radioactive materials whIch should be subject<br />
to monitoringand verification," the statement said.<br />
The commissionis about to embark on a long-term monitoring<br />
programto make sure Iraq does not reacquire nuclear,<br />
chemicalbiological and ballistic weapons.<br />
It estimatedat least six months were nee<strong>de</strong>d to test and<br />
implement the program before reporting to the Security<br />
Council itis satisfied Iraq no longer possesses its most dangerous<br />
weapons,banned since the Gulf War. The council<br />
then must <strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong> wh<strong>et</strong>her to lift the oil embargo, in place<br />
since Iraq's troops inva<strong>de</strong>d Kuwaiti in August 1990..U.S.<br />
Ambassador Ma<strong>de</strong>leine Albright believes the commission<br />
should takeup to a year to test the monitoring 'program.<br />
\. E Il. - \~(,Illl' 11.111ll' 1)ll"'l'- \. L P. - \~l'Illl' I L1illl' Pn',,,('- \. E Il. - \~l'l1l'l'1r,tllll' Pll'''('- \. L Il. - \~l'Illl' 1r.lllll' Pll'''l' - \.1: Il.<br />
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Allemagne-Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
Des autoroutes bloquées par <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
cr,SSEL (Allemagne), 18 déc (AFP) - Plus <strong>de</strong> 2.000 KUt'df?S venus <strong>de</strong> toute<br />
l'Allemagne ont manifesté samedi à Cassel (ouest) malgt'é l' int<strong>et</strong>'dlction <strong>de</strong> la<br />
municipalité <strong>et</strong> ont bloqué <strong>de</strong>s autoroutes, a-t-on constaté.<br />
Devant la patinoire où <strong>de</strong>vait avoir lieu le rassemblement interdit, les<br />
manifestants ont ct'ié: "vive le Kl..wdistan, vive le PKK".<br />
Auparavant, plus <strong>de</strong> 1.000 Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s sympathisants avaient bloqué les<br />
accès <strong>de</strong>s autoroutes pour Cassel <strong>et</strong> pour la ville <strong>de</strong> Go<strong>et</strong>tingen voisine.<br />
Le ministre allemand <strong>de</strong> l'intérieur, M. Manfred Kanther, a interdit le<br />
Pat'ti <strong>de</strong>s Tt'aValllel.t1"sdl),KI.lt'distan
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ.RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN OZETÎ<br />
MANIFESTATION<br />
LE PROGES-19 décembre 1993<br />
Danses contre l'indifférence<br />
Une centaine <strong>de</strong> ressortissants Kur<strong>de</strong>s se sont<br />
rassembJés à Lyon hier après-midi, place Bellecour.<br />
Pour redire leur détresse <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>r la libération<br />
<strong>de</strong> leurs compatriotes interpellés recemment. En<br />
musique<br />
Qui se soucie <strong>de</strong> nous."<br />
fredonne Outronc entre<br />
(( <strong>de</strong>ux siestes corses<br />
pour tourner en dérision l'indifférence<br />
ambiante ..• Vérité d'artiste.<br />
Valable, entre autre, pour le peuple<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong> qui interpelle l'hulT!anité<br />
<strong>de</strong>puis <strong>de</strong>s lustres sur le registre <strong>de</strong><br />
la détresse. Ils étaient une centaine<br />
<strong>de</strong> ressortissants hier après-midi à<br />
Lyon, à s'être rassemblés place Bellecour<br />
pour essayer encore <strong>de</strong> faire<br />
entendre leur voix <strong>et</strong> p'rotester<br />
contre la récente rafle subie psr la<br />
commullauté installée sur'. le sol<br />
français. A la mi-novembre, 234<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s ont été ainsi interpellés.<br />
Plulieurs d'entre eUll lont<br />
enlpritonnél <strong>et</strong> d'autres en, rési<strong>de</strong>nce<br />
IUIVe/née en attendant leur<br />
eXlMllalon. Au motif <strong>de</strong> sympathie<br />
ou d'appartenance au PKK, paMi se<br />
livrant à <strong>de</strong>s menées terroristes<br />
contre les intérêts turcs en Europe.<br />
c Les dossiers sont vi<strong>de</strong>s. assuraient<br />
hier les manifestants, en<br />
<strong>de</strong>mandant que soient relAchés<br />
leurs compatriotes. En exigeant<br />
aussi la levée <strong>de</strong> l'interdiction frappant<br />
les associations Kur<strong>de</strong>s établies<br />
en France.<br />
A leurs yeux, ces mesures ne se<br />
justifient que par c le souci du flouvemement<br />
français <strong>de</strong> complalfe à<br />
la Turquie. sur fond d'enjeux économiques.<br />
Les Kur<strong>de</strong>s en veulent<br />
pour preuve la venue en France, en<br />
Janvier prochain, <strong>de</strong> Madame le<br />
Premier ministre turc « avec à la cl6<br />
la livraison <strong>de</strong> vingt hélicoptères <strong>de</strong><br />
combat à la Turquie J. Au regard <strong>de</strong><br />
la terrible répression subie par le<br />
peuple Kur<strong>de</strong> en Turquie, les manifestants<br />
ont appelé hier le gouvernement<br />
françaIs Il s'aligner sur l'AI-<br />
lemagne qui, par clause contractuelle,<br />
exige que les hélicoptères<br />
vendus ne 'servent pas contre les<br />
populations civiles. Et d'inciter par<br />
ailleurs l'Europe à faire pression afin<br />
que la Turquie engage <strong>de</strong>s négociations<br />
avec les mouvements représentants<br />
du p~uplé, c pour une solution<br />
pacifique au conflit •.<br />
Hier, le rassemblement ifest<br />
achevé par <strong>de</strong>s danses folkloriques<br />
rythmées par les sons d'instruments<br />
traditionnels. La plupart <strong>de</strong>s<br />
ressortissants arboraient un morceau<br />
d'étoffe épinglé dans le dos,<br />
portant l'inscription c Moi aussi, je<br />
suis au PKK •. Symboliquement, une<br />
mère en avait même orné la capote<br />
<strong>de</strong> la pouss<strong>et</strong>te ou souriait un chérubin<br />
au minois plus angélique que<br />
fron<strong>de</strong>ur ...<br />
Y.A.<br />
D KURDES 11)<br />
.....<br />
..0<br />
Les Kur<strong>de</strong>s existent, Au ~<br />
len<strong>de</strong>main <strong>de</strong> la Guerre du ,~<br />
Golfe, la mobilisation <strong>de</strong> la -0<br />
Communauté Internatio- ;::<br />
nale a soulevé l'espoir d'u- I<br />
ne solution enfin juste pour __<br />
les Kur<strong>de</strong>s, peuple persé- ~<br />
cuté dans cinq pays <strong>de</strong>puis .9<br />
plus d'un siècle, <strong>et</strong> surtout ~<br />
en Irak <strong>et</strong> en Turquie. ,~<br />
Aujourd'hui, tout est oublié.<br />
La France vient <strong>de</strong> signer<br />
un contrat <strong>de</strong> vente <strong>de</strong><br />
vingt hélicoptèr,es <strong>de</strong><br />
combat avec l'armée turque.<br />
Il faut exiger qu'une<br />
clause <strong>de</strong> non-utilisation<br />
<strong>de</strong> ces armes contre la population<br />
civile en Turquie<br />
soit introduite. Une cam-<br />
{'agne nationale est lancée.<br />
Certains intellectuels gardois<br />
y participent déjà. On<br />
peut écrire pour exiger c<strong>et</strong>te<br />
clause à "Agir. Ici", 14<br />
passage<br />
ris.<br />
Dubail, 75010 Pa-<br />
Pour sensibiliser la population,<br />
l'association "Agir<br />
Ici" a édité une p<strong>et</strong>ite affiche<br />
copiant le film bien<br />
connu, appelée "Kurdistan<br />
Park". Les dinosaures ont<br />
disparu. Les Kur<strong>de</strong>s aimeraient<br />
changer d'ère!<br />
~<br />
~<br />
Dernières Nouvelles d'AIsee -18 décembre 1993<br />
COURRIER<br />
Les Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
or Georges Fe<strong>de</strong>rmann <strong>de</strong><br />
Strasbourg :<br />
-j'étais étranger <strong>et</strong> vous<br />
m'avez accueilli. Ceux qui<br />
s'offusquent <strong>de</strong> l'occupation<br />
<strong>de</strong> la cathédrale par <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
<strong>de</strong>vraient relire <strong>et</strong> méditer<br />
ce passage <strong>de</strong> l'Evangile<br />
selon saint Matthieu. Tout<br />
comme ces représentants du<br />
peuple qui envisageaient <strong>de</strong><br />
faire voter une loi pour criminaliser<br />
les squatters. Je<br />
voudrais réagir aussi à un arl_<br />
ti<strong>de</strong> du 28-11 dans la rubrique<br />
<strong>de</strong>s faits divers, où <strong>de</strong>s<br />
suspects étaient désignés<br />
comme étant <strong>de</strong>s -gitans~.<br />
C<strong>et</strong>te différenciation <strong>et</strong>hnique<br />
qui risque <strong>de</strong> stigmatiser<br />
l'ensemble <strong>de</strong>s membres <strong>de</strong><br />
ce groupe relève purement<br />
<strong>et</strong> simplement <strong>de</strong> la discrimination<br />
raciale.~<br />
M. Sébastien Weiss <strong>de</strong><br />
Strasbourg:<br />
'<br />
- Lieu symbolique par excellence.<br />
la cathédrale a été<br />
investie par les Kur<strong>de</strong>s pour<br />
exprimer leur révolte (oo.).<br />
C'est bien l'attitu<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> l'archevêque<br />
qui a refusé <strong>de</strong><br />
soutenir les manifestants,<br />
qui fait rupture avec la tradition<br />
chrétienne. L'Eglise est<br />
l'institution qui. d'emblée,<br />
doit s'ouvrir aux persécut~s.~<br />
Mme Evelyne G. HeImlittger,<br />
d~ Strasbourg:<br />
-Je viens <strong>de</strong> lire trois l<strong>et</strong>tres<br />
<strong>de</strong> lecteurs à propos <strong>de</strong><br />
l'occupation <strong>de</strong> la cathédrale<br />
par les Kur<strong>de</strong>s. Fichtre!<br />
Qu'ils aillent donc au diable<br />
ces Kur<strong>de</strong>s, selon le vœu <strong>de</strong><br />
vos lecteurs ... mais nous aussi,<br />
puisque nos églises ne<br />
peuvent plus servir <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>rnier<br />
refuge à ceux qui sont<br />
dans l'adversité~.<br />
M. Philippe Mairel, <strong>de</strong> Lingolsheim:<br />
-Je ne pense pas être le<br />
seul à avoir été écœuré par<br />
les propos <strong>de</strong> certains lecteurs.<br />
relatifs à locèupation<br />
<strong>de</strong> la cathédrale <strong>de</strong> Strasbourg<br />
par les Kur<strong>de</strong>s. Plus<br />
que jamais, l'intolérance sert<br />
<strong>de</strong> défouloir contre l'autre, le<br />
différent, le marginal, l'étranger.<br />
De plus, que dire <strong>de</strong> l'attitu<strong>de</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong> la hiérarchie catholique<br />
qui, tel Ponce Pilate,<br />
fait appel aux forces <strong>de</strong> l'ordre<br />
pour évacuer la cathédrale?<br />
Il est vrai que c'était<br />
l'heure <strong>de</strong> la messe pour les<br />
gens-bien-pensants-qui-aiment-les-étrangers-quandils-sqnt-chez-eux!<br />
Après la<br />
ferm<strong>et</strong>ure <strong>de</strong>s frontières, celle<br />
<strong>de</strong>s églises Ë~.<br />
(N.d.l.r. Nous avons largement<br />
donné la parole aux<br />
uns <strong>et</strong> aux autres. Nous<br />
considérons donc ce débat<br />
comme dos~.<br />
107
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA<br />
STAMPA-DENTRO DELA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
.~ = ......<br />
e,<br />
.A 70 ans, je ne <strong>de</strong>vrais pas<br />
« avoir peur, mais j'ai<br />
peur.» Yachar Kemal parle, un<br />
verre <strong>de</strong> whisky à la main, calmement,<br />
dans son appartement<br />
tranquille <strong>de</strong>s quartiers nouveaux<br />
loin du centre historique d'Istanbul.<br />
Peur, lui, sacré «écrivain <strong>de</strong><br />
l'année 1992» par le Ministère <strong>de</strong><br />
la culture turc, qui a notamment<br />
érigé <strong>de</strong>ux statues en son honncur?<br />
Peur, lui, membre fondateur<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'Académie universelle<br />
<strong>de</strong>s cultures aux côtés d'Elie Wiesel,<br />
<strong>de</strong> Jorge Amado, <strong>de</strong> Wassily<br />
Léontieff, ou <strong>de</strong> Javier Perez <strong>de</strong><br />
Cuellar? Peur oui, pourtant. Car<br />
ce Turc, né dans ùne famille<br />
kur<strong>de</strong> en même temps que la république<br />
kémaliste, ne supporte<br />
plus le sort réservé aux Kur<strong>de</strong>s.<br />
Et le dit. Le crie. Quitte à risquer<br />
encore la prison. Quitte à ne pas<br />
aller au bout <strong>de</strong> son œuvre <strong>de</strong><br />
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ-RNISTA<br />
STA.\œA-DENTRO DE lA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
- Les intellectuels jouent-ils<br />
leur rôle?<br />
- Depuis septante ans, les<br />
écrivains <strong>et</strong> les intellectuels font<br />
preuve d'un courage monumental.<br />
Peu d'entre eux ont échappé<br />
à la prison. Pour les écrivains <strong>de</strong><br />
mon âge, la prison a été une sorte<br />
<strong>de</strong> première école obligatoire. Aller<br />
en prison n'est pas grave pour<br />
un écrivain ou un intellectuel,<br />
mais on a toujours Peur <strong>de</strong> mourir.<br />
Or, <strong>de</strong>puis un an <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>mi, une<br />
douzaine d'intellectuels qui écrivaient<br />
dans le journal QzgUT<br />
Gun.cIem ont été tués. Je tiens à<br />
dire que ce journal n'est pas un<br />
journal pro-KK comme le prétend<br />
le gouvernement, mais un journal<br />
qui dit la vérité sur ce qui se<br />
passe au Kurdistan.<br />
- Que dites-vous à ceux qui<br />
reprochent à Ozgur Gun<strong>de</strong>m <strong>de</strong><br />
ne pas être assez critique envers<br />
le PKK <strong>et</strong> d'y laisser APO, chef<br />
du PKK, y écrire sous pseudo?<br />
- Gun<strong>de</strong>m fait ce qu'il faul Il<br />
dit aussi <strong>de</strong>s choses sur les atrocités<br />
commises aussi par le PKK,<br />
les assassinats d'enfants ou les<br />
massacres dans les villages. Et<br />
moi, je suis le premier à dénoncer<br />
<strong>de</strong>s choses pareilles, comme<br />
ce qui s'est produit à Sirnak.<br />
- Vous sentez-vous plus «engagé<br />
.. au sens politique du mot<br />
aujourd'hui?<br />
- J'aimerais, mais c'est tout le<br />
contraire. J'ai été extrêmement<br />
engagé, comme marxiste, dans<br />
ma jeunesse <strong>et</strong> en vieillissant,<br />
j'aurais envie d'être moins en.<br />
gagé. Mais c'est impossible <strong>de</strong> se<br />
taire. Je trouve insupportable que<br />
la conscience humaine, aussi dégénérée<br />
soit-elle, continue d'ignorer<br />
une nation <strong>de</strong> 35 millions <strong>de</strong><br />
personnes sur cinq pays. Je l'ai<br />
dit au presi<strong>de</strong>nt Mitterrand. Et il<br />
faut répéter qu'il y a <strong>de</strong>s gens déportés,<br />
bombardés, massacrés. Il<br />
y a <strong>de</strong>s milliers d'assassinats dont<br />
on sait qu'ils ont été commis par<br />
la contre-guérilla. La ville <strong>de</strong> Lice<br />
a été assiégée <strong>et</strong> il y a eu <strong>de</strong>s centaines<br />
<strong>de</strong> morts, une horreur.<br />
- Pensez-vous que la presse<br />
turqut fait son travail <strong>d'information</strong><br />
sur le problème kur<strong>de</strong>?<br />
- C'est difficile <strong>de</strong> travailler<br />
quand on a peur. Beaucoup <strong>de</strong><br />
gens ont peur. QZUT Gun<strong>de</strong> est<br />
sans cesse interdit. D'ailleurs,<br />
pour protester contre cela, nous<br />
sommes un groupe <strong>de</strong> 30 écrivains<br />
- dont <strong>de</strong>ux Kur<strong>de</strong>s - qui<br />
avons décidé d'écrire chaque jour<br />
dans ses colonnes pour dire notre<br />
soutien. Et, pour faire c<strong>et</strong>te action,<br />
j'ai contacté <strong>de</strong>s gens que<br />
j'estime <strong>et</strong> qui ont refusé parce<br />
qu'ils ont peur. Moi-même, je me<br />
considère comme un romancier<br />
<strong>de</strong> la peur à cause <strong>de</strong> livres<br />
comme «Salman le solitaire.., «La<br />
Yachar Kemal, le «Sage vivantJ, en turc, est un conteur d'épopées d'un<br />
autre âge, un poète <strong>de</strong> la te"e <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s brigands. Horst Tappe<br />
grotte» ou «La voie du sang». Et,<br />
à 70 ans, je me dis que je ne <strong>de</strong>vrais<br />
pas avoir peur, mais j'ai<br />
peur quand même. Mais l'oppression<br />
continue <strong>et</strong> je parle.<br />
- Avez-vous l'impression que<br />
l'histoire bégaie?<br />
- Qui. Je pense que <strong>de</strong>puis<br />
septante ans, nous vivons en<br />
Turquie une sorte <strong>de</strong> fascisme<br />
latent. Et il n'y aura jamais <strong>de</strong><br />
démocratie en Turquie si on ne<br />
résout pas le problème kur<strong>de</strong><br />
autrement que par les armes. Et<br />
je préviens tout le mon<strong>de</strong>. La<br />
démocratie en Turquie, ce n'est<br />
pas seulement important pour<br />
les Kur<strong>de</strong>s ou les Turcs. C'est<br />
fondamental pour l'équilibre du<br />
mon<strong>de</strong> entier dans c<strong>et</strong>te région<br />
sensible. De ce point <strong>de</strong> vue, je<br />
trouve que l'Europe n'ai<strong>de</strong> pas<br />
assez la Turquie à apprendre la<br />
démocratie.<br />
- Avez-vous peur d'une<br />
guerre civile?<br />
- Oui, si l'on s'obstine à ne<br />
penser qu'à une solution militaire.<br />
La politique actuelle n'est<br />
qu'une politique <strong>de</strong> provocations.<br />
Mais je dois dire une chose; j'ai<br />
confiance dans la gran<strong>de</strong> amitié<br />
entre les peuples kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>et</strong><br />
l<br />
I<br />
turque. Après tout ce qu'il y a eu<br />
ces <strong>de</strong>rniers mois, tous les massacres,<br />
il <strong>de</strong>vrait y avoir déjà eu<br />
une guerre civile, d'autant qu'il y<br />
a plus <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s à Izmir ou Istanbul<br />
que dans le sud-est du<br />
pays. Dans mon rapport à Ozal,<br />
j'ai rappelé que dans la guerre du<br />
Vi<strong>et</strong>nam, ce n'est pas seulement<br />
le peuple vi<strong>et</strong>namien qui a<br />
vaincu l'Amérique, mais aussi le<br />
peuple américain! Et les peuples<br />
du mon<strong>de</strong> entier avec.<br />
- Que dites-vous à ceux qui<br />
expliquent que la solution est<br />
dans le développement économique<br />
<strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te région?<br />
- Je suis un peu méfiant.<br />
Ceux qui parlent d'abord économie<br />
sont ceux dont les affaires<br />
avec le Kurdistan sont affectés<br />
par la guerre. Il y a un Dieu capitaliste<br />
qui n'a pas d'état d'àme.<br />
Il s'occupe <strong>de</strong> ses intérêts. Quant<br />
au proj<strong>et</strong> du gouvernement dans<br />
le sud-est, dit proj<strong>et</strong> GAP, il ne<br />
sera pas suffisant <strong>et</strong>, <strong>de</strong> toute façon,<br />
il faudra au moins dix ans<br />
pour qu'il ait <strong>de</strong>s eff<strong>et</strong>s. On vit<br />
dans une situation pire qu'avant<br />
le coup d'Etat <strong>de</strong> 1971.<br />
Propos recueillis par<br />
Christine Saramito D<br />
109
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RMSTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASLN ÖZETÎ<br />
\.1Y - \~l'I1Cl' ILlIlll' l'll'\\l'- \. L l'. - \~l'l1ll'I r.lllll"1'1\"'l'- \ I. Il - \~llill'i LIIIl' l'n'\\l'- \. L l'. - \~l'llll'Ir.ll1ll'l'll'''l' - \.I Y<br />
FRA0058 4 I 0276 /AFP-J096<br />
Ir"ak-KI..lt'<strong>de</strong>s<br />
Le PKk a transféré sa base <strong>de</strong> la Bekaa (Liban) au Kurdistan d'Irak, affirme<br />
Massoud Bar"zan i<br />
MANAMA, 19 déc (AFP) - Le chef du Parti démocratique du Kurdistan d'Irak<br />
(PDK) Massoud Barzani a affirmé dimanche que le Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du<br />
Kurdistan turc (PKK, séparatiste) avait transféré sa base <strong>de</strong> la pleine<br />
libanaise <strong>de</strong> la Bekaa vers le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak.<br />
"La base dlJ PKK (qui mène la guéri lIa contt"e le gouver"nement tr"uc) a été<br />
transférée <strong>de</strong> la Bekaa ~ Zéli (dans le kurdistan d'Irak) o~ ses combattants<br />
, s'entrainent", a déclaré M. Barzani, dans une interview publiée par le<br />
quotidien arabe al-Hayat.<br />
Il a estimé le nombre <strong>de</strong>. ces combattants ~ un millier, ajoutant que ce<br />
transfert "viole un accord (entre le PKK <strong>et</strong> le +gouvernement kur<strong>de</strong>+)<br />
interdisant au premier toute activité militaire ou d'entrainement au Kurdistan<br />
1;j' Ir"ak".<br />
Le "gouver"nement" kut"<strong>de</strong> ir"akien avait démenti le 11 novembr"e l'existence<br />
<strong>de</strong> base du PKK dans . le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak sous son<br />
.<br />
contrOle.<br />
M. Bar"zani, dont le par"ti par"ticipe au "gouver"nement kur"<strong>de</strong>" s'est déclar"é<br />
"hostile aux métho<strong>de</strong>s du PKK", qu'il a qualifié <strong>de</strong> "par"ti le plus danger"eux<br />
pour" la nat ion kur"<strong>de</strong>".<br />
"Il faut empêcher le PKK d'avoir la moindre présence dans notre région<br />
(••• ) <strong>et</strong> nous ne pouvons accepter" c<strong>et</strong>te pr"ésence", a ajouté le chef du PDK,<br />
menaçant d' "utiliser" la for"ce au besoin pOut" pr"évenir" ces combattants<br />
d'entt"er"" dans le nor"d <strong>de</strong> l' It"ak.<br />
"Nous soutenons les aspir"ations nationales <strong>de</strong> nos fr"èr"es kur"<strong>de</strong>s en<br />
Turquie, en Syrie <strong>et</strong> en Iran mais nous n'intervenons pas dans leurs affaires<br />
lntl::rieur"es <strong>et</strong> ils n'ont pas le dr"oit d' inter"fér"er"dans les nOtr"es", a ajouté<br />
le chef km"<strong>de</strong>.<br />
mh/bmk<br />
AFP 190922 DEC 93<br />
\. F Il - \~l'Illl'i r.lllll' 1'1\"'l'- \.I.ll. - \~l'l1ll'll.lllll'1)ll'''l'- \ I.Il - \~l'llll'l 1.I,Ill'l'll'''l- \.1'. l'. - \~l'l1ll'II.ll1ll'l'll'''l' - \.1.1'.<br />
FRAOljO 4 I 0187 TUR /AFP-KF55<br />
Turquie-Kur<strong>de</strong>s-Irak<br />
Pt"ès <strong>de</strong> 2citj r"ebelles kur"<strong>de</strong>s mis hot"S combat dans le nor"d it"akien, selon les<br />
autorités turques<br />
ANKARA, 19 déc (AFP) - Près <strong>de</strong> 200 rebelles kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> Turquie ont été mis<br />
hors combat lors d'une opération aérienne turque dans la région <strong>de</strong> Mazi-Zhori<br />
dans le nord irakien ~ 25 km au sud <strong>de</strong> la localité <strong>de</strong> Cukurca (sud-est<br />
anatolien), a-t-on annoncé officiellement dimanche.<br />
Des chasseurs turcs ont détruit samedi un convoi <strong>de</strong> cinq véhicules qui<br />
tt"anspot"taient quelq'Je 200 "t<strong>et</strong>"t"ot"istes" (pam" désigner" officiellement les<br />
r"ebelles km"<strong>de</strong>s) <strong>et</strong> ont "mis hor"s combat la quasi totalité <strong>de</strong>s t"ebelles",<br />
indique un communiqué <strong>de</strong> la préfecture <strong>de</strong> Diyarbakir, responsable <strong>de</strong>s<br />
provinces régions sous état d'urgence <strong>de</strong> la région.<br />
Il s'agit <strong>de</strong> la troisième opération <strong>de</strong>s forces turques contre <strong>de</strong>s<br />
positions du Parti <strong>de</strong>s Travailleurs du Kurdistan (PKK, séparatiste) en<br />
territoire kur<strong>de</strong> irakien <strong>de</strong>puis le 30 novembre.<br />
Le communiqué ne donne pas <strong>de</strong> bilan exacte <strong>de</strong> victime dans les t"angs du<br />
PKK qui a perdu au moins 113 <strong>de</strong> ses militants dans les dix <strong>de</strong>rniers jours,<br />
selon une ~ompilation <strong>de</strong> chiff~es officiels.<br />
ym/bmk<br />
AFP 191346 DEC 93<br />
110
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ~RIVISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Protesting<br />
Kurds bring<br />
German<br />
town to a halt<br />
Reuters/AI/aralia<br />
Agency<br />
BONN- Thousands of Kurdish<br />
protesters <strong>de</strong>monstrating against<br />
Germany's ban on the activities of<br />
militant Kurdish groups brought the<br />
town of Kassel to a standstill on<br />
Saturday. Police said about 3,000<br />
Kurds marched into the center of the<br />
town after abandoning their buses<br />
on approach roads, bringing traffic<br />
around Kassel to a halt for several<br />
hours.<br />
The protesters were trying to<br />
attend a rally that had been banned<br />
by local authorities on the grounds<br />
that it was in support of the outlaw~d<br />
Kurdistan Worker's Party<br />
(PKK). Germany banned the PKK<br />
and 35 affiliated groups last month,<br />
saying they used \'iolence to achieve<br />
their aims and were a domestic<br />
security threat.<br />
Kurds living in Germany have<br />
staged protests across the country<br />
ever since and 150 Kurds are due to<br />
end a two-week hunger strike today.<br />
Reuter \Virephoto<br />
BANNING OF KURDS CONTINUE: A Kurdish cultural festival was canceled on Saturday in Kassel, Germany. Thousands of Kurds<br />
protested the cancellation and some of them were arrested by the German police.<br />
Turkish j<strong>et</strong>s raid PKK convoy<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- Turkish j<strong>et</strong> fighters rai<strong>de</strong>d a convoy<br />
of Kurdish militants on Saturday in northern<br />
Iraq killing an unspecified number of guerrillas,<br />
authorities announced Sunday.<br />
According to a written statement from the<br />
office of the Emergency Rule Governor, security<br />
forces received intelligence reports that a<br />
group of 200 terrorists of the clan<strong>de</strong>stine<br />
Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) were moving<br />
in northern Iraq towards the Turkish bor<strong>de</strong>.r, ~5<br />
kilom<strong>et</strong>ers south of the Çukurca township In<br />
the province of Hakkari.<br />
The statement said the reports were confirmed,<br />
and Turkish j<strong>et</strong>s had attacked the convoy<br />
of five vehicles carrying the terrorists in<br />
the Maz! Zhori region in northern Iraq. The<br />
vehicles were <strong>de</strong>stroyed and many militants<br />
who survived the attack were killed while trying<br />
to escape, the statement conclu<strong>de</strong>d.<br />
111
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
turkish daily news - Mondoy. D(!('(!I1/!J(!r 20. /993<br />
Barzani:<br />
PKK bases<br />
moved from<br />
Bekaa to N. Iraq<br />
Iraqi Kurdish lea<strong>de</strong>r threatens to<br />
use force if necessary to oust<br />
PKKfrom the r<strong>et</strong>gion Iraqi Kurdish lea<strong>de</strong>r Massoud Barzani<br />
Turkish Dailv Nell's<br />
ANKARA- The bases ûf ihe ûutlawed Kurdistan<br />
Wûrkers' Party (PKK), which used to. be in the<br />
Syrian-cûntrolled Bekaa<br />
to. Nûrthern Iraq, Iraqi<br />
Valley,<br />
Kurdish<br />
have nûw mûved<br />
lea<strong>de</strong>r Massûud<br />
Barzani said Sunday.<br />
Barzani said in an interview with the al-Hayat<br />
daily that he believed abûut 1000 militants ûf the<br />
ûrganizatiûn had cûme to. Nûrthern<br />
Anatûlia news agency repûrted frûm<br />
Iraq, the<br />
Cairo.. He<br />
ad<strong>de</strong>d that the PKK wûuld be cûnsi<strong>de</strong>red as having<br />
viûlated alreviûus agreement b<strong>et</strong>ween the ûrganizatiûn<br />
an the Iraqi Kurdish peshmergas if they<br />
mûve their bases there.<br />
. Nevertheless. "they have mûved their bases to.<br />
Zeli in nûrthern Iraq. The military maneuvers are<br />
carried ûut there," he said, adding that they were<br />
nût cûncerned with this ûrganizatiûn's activities in<br />
Turkey but their activities in Nûrthern Iraq was<br />
anûther matter.<br />
"They see themselves as an alternative to. the<br />
Nûrthern Iraqi administratiûn," Barzani said.<br />
He ad<strong>de</strong>d that he had had a me<strong>et</strong>ing with a<br />
Turkish <strong>de</strong>legatiûn that was chaired by a special<br />
eilVûy ûf Prime Minister Tansu Çiller.<br />
The Kurdish peshmergas had carried ûut an<br />
ûperatiûn the search the bûr<strong>de</strong>r regiûn b<strong>et</strong>ween Iraq<br />
and Turkey three weeks ago. but annûunced that a group ûf armed militia ûn the HQ ûf the 24<br />
they fûund no.Turkish presence. Bnga<strong>de</strong> ûf the Kurdish Regiûnal Gûvernment uni-<br />
A week later, Turkey launched an air raid in the tied Peshmerga <strong>de</strong>fence fûrce, .<br />
regiûn, which was cnticized by the Iraqi kurds,. .Bûth parlles agreed to. cûntrûl the security situwho.<br />
claimed that nût PKK but Iraqi Kurd civilians atiûn jûintly and resûlve all ûutstanding issues in a<br />
were killed by the attack. spirit ûf bro~erhûûd and cooperatiûn. It was also.<br />
Barzani tûld al-Hayat that he received a message agreed to.regulate the bearing ûf anns by law.<br />
frûm Çiller. in which she said Turkey wûuld cûm- .• The implem~ntatiûn ûf all resûlutiûns that<br />
pensate fûr the damage caused by the raid and take were reached b<strong>et</strong>ween the lea<strong>de</strong>rship ûf. the two.<br />
precautiûns that it dûes nût happen in the future. parties and the <strong>de</strong>cisiûns reached by the dialûgue<br />
"We have to. stûp the PKK, which ûnly has cûmmittee ûf the two. political bureaus.<br />
insubstantial actiVIty in ûur regiûn," he said, .Bûth parties pleâge to. unify their practical<br />
adding that the peshmergas wûuld use fûrce if nec- pûlicies ûver all majûr Issues affecting the Kurdish<br />
essary to. prevent PKK infiltratiûn into. the regiûn. mûvement in general, regiûnal pûwers and anned<br />
In a related <strong>de</strong>veloEment, Barzani and Patriûtic militias in IraqI Kurdistan.<br />
Uniûn ûf Kurdistan (PUK) Lea<strong>de</strong>r 1alal Talabani .The establishment ûf an eight member jûint<br />
held a jûint me<strong>et</strong>ing in Erbil Saturday. lea<strong>de</strong>rship cûuncil b<strong>et</strong>ween the two. parties which<br />
They discussed the current secunty situatiûn in will inclu<strong>de</strong> Barzani and Talabani, the Speaker ûf<br />
nûrthern Iraq and the arrangement ûf a lûng-term the Kurdish Assembly, the head ûf the regiûnal<br />
strategic agreement that wûuld cûnsûlidate cû- gûvernment and two. ûther leadinf members ûf<br />
ûperatlOn b<strong>et</strong>ween the two. parties and strengthen each ûrganizatiûn, The new cûunci willlead the<br />
Kurdish unity. . Kurdish mûvement in Iraqi Kurdistan.<br />
At the end ûf the me<strong>et</strong>ing a statement including. .Bûth si~es recûg~ized the need ûf a jûint polithe<br />
fûllûwing pûints was released:<br />
cy and a umtied posItIOn to. promûte the mterest ûf<br />
.The me<strong>et</strong>mg addressed the security situatiûn in Kurdish mûvement and preserve the Kurdish<br />
Kurdish tûwns and discussed the circumstances ûf Assembly and the regiûnal gûvernment in a spirit<br />
recent viûlent inci<strong>de</strong>nts that fûllûwed the attack by ûf partnership.<br />
112
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RIVISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />
U.S. Har<strong>de</strong>ns Stand<br />
On Iraq in Move to<br />
Keep UN Oil Ban<br />
By Paul Lewis<br />
Nrw York Ti_ S~r'iic~<br />
UNITED NATIONS, New<br />
York - Har<strong>de</strong>ning its position toward<br />
Saddam Hussein's government,<br />
the Clinton administration<br />
wants to impose tou!h new reqùirements<br />
for lifting the United Nations<br />
ban on Iraqi oil exports.<br />
The United States is urging other<br />
members of the Security Council to<br />
insist that Iraq recognize Kuwait as<br />
an in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt country and stop<br />
persecuting dissi<strong>de</strong>nt Kurds and<br />
Shiite Muslims.<br />
These conditions would be in addition<br />
to the council's <strong>de</strong>mands,<br />
ma<strong>de</strong> at the end of the Gulf war,<br />
that Iraq disalm and l<strong>et</strong> the UN<br />
monitor its military industries.<br />
The U.S. position, supported by<br />
Britain, France and Russia, three<br />
of the council's other four permanent<br />
members, stems from mistrust<br />
of Mr. Saddam, officials said. It<br />
makes it less likely than seemed to<br />
be the case a few months ago that<br />
Iraq will start seJling oil again soon.<br />
The position of èbina, the fifth<br />
permanent member, is not known.<br />
Over the last year, the price of oil<br />
has dropped from about $19 a barrel<br />
to about $14.50. This was mainly<br />
because of weak <strong>de</strong>mand but<br />
also because the mark<strong>et</strong> conclu<strong>de</strong>d<br />
that Iraq was trying to strike a <strong>de</strong>al<br />
with the Security Council that<br />
would allow it to sell oil again.<br />
The tougher. U.S. policy could<br />
lead to a rise in prices.<br />
S<strong>et</strong>ting out the administration's<br />
position in an interview Friday,<br />
Ma<strong>de</strong>leine K. Albright, the U.S,<br />
representative at the United Na.<br />
tions, called for "a two-phased approach"<br />
to lifting the ban on Iraqi<br />
oil sales.<br />
INTERNATIONAL<br />
First, she said, Rolf Ekeus, head<br />
of the. UN commission overseeing<br />
Iraq's disarmament, must certify<br />
that Iraq has abandoned its nuclear,<br />
cheJJl1caland biological weapon<br />
programs as called for in Security<br />
Council Resolution 687.<br />
The special commission must<br />
also show, she said, that it is able to<br />
monitor Iraqi industry to make<br />
sure Iraq does not try to make such<br />
weapons again.<br />
"I've said we want a proven track<br />
record of six to 12 months' monitoring,"<br />
Mrs. Albright said.<br />
But in addition, she said, Iraq's<br />
compliance with other Security<br />
Council resolutions must be taken<br />
into account in "any assessment of<br />
its readiness to rejoin soci<strong>et</strong>y."<br />
This means the Iraqi presi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
must give "clear evi<strong>de</strong>nce of respect<br />
for Kuwait's bor<strong>de</strong>rs" and also<br />
"show respect for his own people"<br />
by ending his blocka<strong>de</strong> of the<br />
Kurds in the north and his attacks<br />
against dissi<strong>de</strong>nt Shiite Muslims in<br />
the south.<br />
This summer, Mr. Ekeus got a<br />
green light from Washington, <strong>Paris</strong><br />
HERALD TRIBUNE<br />
MONDAY, DECEMBER 20, 1993<br />
and London before going to Baghdad<br />
to try to persua<strong>de</strong> Iraqi officials<br />
their best chance of g<strong>et</strong>Ung the<br />
oil embargo lifted was by cooperating<br />
with the disarmament requirements<br />
imposed at the end of the<br />
Gulf War.<br />
Mr. Ekeus based his talks on a<br />
literal reading of Resolution 687,<br />
which says the ban on foreign<br />
countries' buying Iraqi oil "shall<br />
have no futther force or effect"<br />
once the council <strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong>s Iraq has<br />
complied fully with its disarmament<br />
<strong>de</strong>mands.<br />
Iraq would thus be free to resume<br />
oil exports, and reap billions<br />
of dollars in revenue, though the<br />
Security Council is expected to insist<br />
that a third of the money be<br />
used as compensation for victims<br />
of Iraq's invasion of Kuwait.<br />
But U.S. officials now argue that<br />
the council is effectively being<br />
asked to judge the likelihood that<br />
Mr. Saddam will continue respecting<br />
those provisions after the ban<br />
on oil sales is lifted.<br />
A.F.P. - Agence France Presse - A.F.P. - Agence France Presse - A.F.P. - Agence France Presse - A.F.P. - Agence France Press<br />
FRA0391 4 G 0335 FRA (AFP-UVeO<br />
Di v<strong>et</strong>'S-incend ie<br />
Incendie <strong>de</strong> Mulhouse: l'enquête s'annonce difficile alors que le<br />
propriétaire soupçonne les séparatistes kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
MULHOUSE, 20 déc (AFP) - Au len<strong>de</strong>main <strong>de</strong> la confirmation <strong>de</strong> la thèse<br />
criminelle dans l'enquête sur l'incendie d'Un immeuble occupé par <strong>de</strong>s Turcs<br />
qui a fait six morts <strong>et</strong> cinq blessés, le 21 novembre à Mulhouse (Haut-Rhin),<br />
l'enquête s'annonçait délicate, mardi, alors que le propriétaire <strong>de</strong> l'immeuble<br />
affirmait soupçonner les séparatistes kur<strong>de</strong>s.<br />
Les résultats <strong>de</strong>s analyses <strong>de</strong> prélèvements ont révélé <strong>de</strong>s traces<br />
d'hydrocarbures dans la cage d'escalier, notamment au premier étage, où se<br />
trouvait l'appartement du propriétaire, Bayram Gocurucu •.<br />
Les enquêteurs n'excluaient, mardi, aucune piste, vengeance d'ordre privé<br />
ou commercial, acte raciste. Mais ils ont également entendu le propriétaire<br />
qui leut' a détaillé les tent.atives <strong>de</strong> pt'élèvement "d'impôt t'évolutionnait'e"<br />
par <strong>de</strong>s inconnus <strong>de</strong> la mouvance du PKK (Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du Kurdistan,<br />
en lutte contre le régime d'Ankara). Une pratique selon la police répandue en<br />
Alsace, où est installée une forte communauté turque.<br />
M. Gocurucu, qui a toujours soutenu la thèse d'un acte criminel, a<br />
réitéré, mardi, à <strong>de</strong>s journalistes ses soupçons à l'encontre <strong>de</strong>s séparatistes<br />
kl"n'<strong>de</strong>s•.<br />
Affit'mant "avoit' toujol.tt'spel.tt''', M. GOCI.tt'I.lCU a expliqué qu'entt'e septembt'e<br />
<strong>et</strong> fin octobre <strong>de</strong>rniers, différents groupes d'hommes, inconnus <strong>de</strong> lui <strong>et</strong> se<br />
t'éclamant "<strong>de</strong> la calJse ki_n'<strong>de</strong>", étaient venus quatt'e ou cinq fois à son magasin<br />
ou à son étal au marché lui réclamer une somme <strong>de</strong> 15 à 20.000 francs.<br />
Devant ses refus réitérés, les hommes, sans proférer <strong>de</strong> menaces<br />
explicites, auraient indiqué à leur <strong>de</strong>rnier passage qu'ils auraient "<strong>de</strong> toutes<br />
façon c<strong>et</strong> argent". M. Gocurucu, qui avait ouvert son commerce en 1990, affirme<br />
n' avo it' ét é v ict ime d'aucune <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> "d' impôt t~évo1ut ionnaÏt'e" avant c<strong>et</strong><br />
automne.<br />
Le 3 novembre, le commerçant déposait plainte contre X au commissariat<br />
pour tentative d'extorsion <strong>de</strong> fonds.<br />
113
FRA0519 4 I 0233 IRK /AFP-R~~6<br />
It~ak-:K,.w<strong>de</strong>s<br />
Affrontement inter-kur<strong>de</strong> dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak: 10 morts ou blessés<br />
ERBIL (Irak), 20 déc (AFP) - Deux formations kur<strong>de</strong>s irakiennes se sont<br />
affrontés lundi dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak, qui échappe au contt~Öle <strong>de</strong> Bagdad, ont<br />
indiqué <strong>de</strong>s responsables kur<strong>de</strong>s dans c<strong>et</strong>te région, ajoutant que l'affrontement<br />
a fait dix morts ou blessés.<br />
Six combattants du Parti démocratique du Kurdistan (PDK, <strong>de</strong> Massoud<br />
Barzani) <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux <strong>de</strong> la Ligue islamique du Kurdistan (LIK) ont été tués ou<br />
blessés dans ces combats, selon <strong>de</strong>s t~esponsables du "gouvernement" kut~<strong>de</strong><br />
autoproclamé dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak.<br />
Les combats, ont-ils précisé, se sont déroulés dans les localités <strong>de</strong> Rania<br />
<strong>et</strong> Koysen~ak, près <strong>de</strong> la frontière avec l'Iran.<br />
Parmi les victimes figuren~ <strong>de</strong>ux personnes non-i<strong>de</strong>ntifiées, ont-ils<br />
ind iqué.<br />
De sources proche~ du PDK, on a accusé le LIK d'avoir provoqu' les combats<br />
à l'instigation <strong>de</strong> l'Iran. Le LIK s'est refusé pour sa part à fournir les<br />
raisons <strong>de</strong>s combats.<br />
Des affrontements ont eu lieu il y a une semaine entre le PDK <strong>et</strong> une aile<br />
du parti socialiste kur<strong>de</strong> dirigée par Hama Haci Mahmoud, personnalité proche<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'Iran, faisant au moins trois morts.<br />
Le PDK, qui constitue avec l'Union patriotique du Kurdistan (UPK, <strong>de</strong><br />
Jalal Talabani) les <strong>de</strong>ux principales formations kur<strong>de</strong>s d'Irak, avait accusé M.<br />
Haci Mahmoud d'exécuter un plan iranien pour <strong>de</strong>stabiliser la région.<br />
ls-mch/mfo<br />
AFP 202238 DEe 93<br />
Le Mon<strong>de</strong>-20 décembre 1993<br />
DIPLOMATIE<br />
La. Turquie <strong>et</strong> le Liban<br />
renforcent leurs relations<br />
Le premier ministre turc,<br />
[fansu Ciller, <strong>et</strong> son homologue<br />
libanais, Rafle Hariri, ont abordé<br />
(I tous les aspects» <strong>de</strong>s relations<br />
bilatérales, jeudi 16 <strong>et</strong> vendredi<br />
17 décembre, au cours <strong>de</strong> la première<br />
visite officielle en Turquie<br />
41'un premier ministre libanais,<br />
qualifiée <strong>de</strong> Il très importante»<br />
par une source gouvernementale<br />
turque. Les entr<strong>et</strong>iens ont notam-<br />
;ment porté sur la coopération en<br />
.matière <strong>de</strong> sécurité, en particulier<br />
contre le Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du<br />
~l,1!distan (PKK, séparatiste), a<br />
îndiqué la même source. La Tur-<br />
'quie, qui souhaite aussi procé<strong>de</strong>r<br />
,à <strong>de</strong>s échanges <strong>d'information</strong>s, a<br />
'<strong>de</strong>mandé au Liban <strong>de</strong>. ne pas'<br />
autoriser le PKK - qui dispose<br />
d'un camp d'entraînement dans<br />
la plaine libanaise <strong>de</strong> la Bekaa<br />
sous contrôle syrien - à agir sur<br />
son territoire. On indique <strong>de</strong><br />
source turque qu'Ankara s'est<br />
;félicité <strong>de</strong> Il l'attitu<strong>de</strong> constructive»<br />
<strong>de</strong> M. Hariri sur le dossier JII<br />
du PKK. - (AFP.) .. . Il<br />
114<br />
L'Humanité<br />
20 décembre 1993<br />
Attaque turque<br />
au Kurdistan<br />
, ,A Ankara, on annonçait offi~<br />
ciellement, dimanche, que « près<br />
<strong>de</strong> 200 rebelles kur<strong>de</strong>s » avaient<br />
'été mis hors c
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVlEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA<br />
STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
turkish daily news / December 21, 1993<br />
Iraqi Kurds join lea<strong>de</strong>rship, prepare to crackdown on PKK<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- The two majority/arties in Kurdish-c~ntroIled<br />
northern Iraq are expecte t~ take stronge~ actIOn<br />
against Turkey's outlawed KurdIstan Workers Party<br />
(PKK) in the coming days.<br />
On Saturday, the pohtburos of Masoud Barza~!'s Ku~distan<br />
Democratic Party (KDP) and Jalal Talabam s Patn"<br />
-{JtieUnion of Kurdistan (PUK) m<strong>et</strong>to conclu<strong>de</strong> an agreemcntto<br />
create a strategic alliance b<strong>et</strong>ween their forces.<br />
The process had started on O<strong>et</strong>. 18 when the KDP and<br />
PUK established a joint communique to prepare the grounds<br />
for a strategic agreement.<br />
Having finalized work in this field, Talabaili and Barzani<br />
signed this weekend a major <strong>de</strong>cision to create a joint<br />
lea<strong>de</strong>rship committee, for all of Iraqi Kurdistan.<br />
One of the highlights of the agreement was the <strong>de</strong>cision<br />
to send all questions concerning domestic and foreign issues<br />
to the new lea<strong>de</strong>rship council. The KDP and PUK<br />
would thus act according to the <strong>de</strong>cisions of this committee.<br />
Based on Iraqi Kurdish sourres, the council is to con~ist<br />
of Barzani, Talabani, the Parliament speaker, the Kurdish<br />
prime minister and two members from both the KDP and<br />
the PUK. Kurdish relations with Baghdad and neighlloring<br />
countries wil} be <strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong>d by this council.<br />
In a statementlssued after the me<strong>et</strong>Ing, the Kurds stre~sed<br />
thatthis council "will <strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong> on all major issues re~arding<br />
Kurdistan." The statement also noted that "relations<br />
with other Kurdish movements and specifically the PKK,"<br />
would be <strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong>d by this council as well.<br />
Sources now report that preparations in north~rn Iraq<br />
are un<strong>de</strong>rway to introd~ce sen~us m~asur~s. agalnst,the<br />
PKK and to obstructthls orgamzatlon s activities against<br />
Turkey. Barzani, who has lashed out atthe PKK for not<br />
abiding by its ~revious agreements with the<br />
Kurds, is also mclined to throw the organization<br />
out of the Zaleh region on the Iranian<br />
bor<strong>de</strong>r. About a thousand militants are based<br />
in Zaleh, some 250 kilom<strong>et</strong>ers from the<br />
Turkish bor<strong>de</strong>r, where they!train and head<br />
back into Turkey either over Iran or through<br />
northern Iraq. "Very soon, there will be serious<br />
measures introduced against the PKK,"<br />
a source close to Barzani<br />
Daily News on Monday.<br />
told the Turkish<br />
"We will use force if necessary to prevent<br />
its elements from entering our<br />
Barzani told the London-based<br />
territory,"<br />
Arabic AI<br />
Hayat newspaper over the weekend. "I am<br />
against the m<strong>et</strong>hods of the PKK. It presents<br />
the most sicnificanl danger for the future of<br />
the Kurdish nation," he s~lid,<br />
Barzani currently <strong>de</strong>scribes the PKK as a<br />
terrorist organization and argues that its<br />
m<strong>et</strong>hods of warfare, which have so far claimed<br />
more than Il,000 lives in the Turkish<br />
southeast, justify this <strong>de</strong>finition.<br />
PUK lea<strong>de</strong>r Talabani, on the other hand,<br />
brands the PKK as "a nationalist movement<br />
with extremist policies."<br />
Asked wh<strong>et</strong>her Talabani was less enthusiastic<br />
to contend with the PKK. ßarzani said<br />
recently, "Som<strong>et</strong>imes my brother Jalal is<br />
even more enthusiastic hut som<strong>et</strong>imes he is<br />
less. My enthusiasm.<br />
permanenl."<br />
on the other hand. is<br />
Barzani and his KDP have sulTered the<br />
most from PKK activities in the region<br />
which have frequcntly sparked off Turkish<br />
air raids durinp which civilian ~<strong>et</strong>tlements<br />
allegedly have Deen hit as well.<br />
Tlle KDP is a dominant political force in<br />
the bor<strong>de</strong>r area. On several occasions, in r<strong>et</strong>aliation<br />
to PKK attacks, Turkish warplanes<br />
have even hit ßarzani's hom<strong>et</strong>own of Barzan.<br />
The Kurdish lea<strong>de</strong>r claimed such activities<br />
were meant as a warning to him, but<br />
cautioned in turn lhal such policies would<br />
hackfire on Turkey.<br />
The hor<strong>de</strong>I' area wa, evacuated by Kurdish<br />
peasants two years ago following an<br />
Iraqi attack and has since been uninhahlted.<br />
The Iraqi Kurd, insist that to repopulate these<br />
areas, Turkish air raids mllst cease. "The<br />
people ,arc otherwise afraid to r<strong>et</strong>llrn," Rarzalll<br />
s:lId.<br />
The Kurds have a trained army force of<br />
some 4,000 peshmerges in northern Iraq in<br />
contrastto Turkey's 140,000 troops in the<br />
southeast region.. . .<br />
The Kurds inslstthat bor<strong>de</strong>r secunty IS a<br />
jointtask and Turkey, with its greater resources,<br />
could have a much b<strong>et</strong>ter chance of<br />
guarding the bor<strong>de</strong>r area than they. Talabani<br />
recently told the TDN that most of the PKK<br />
militants were crossing into northern Iraq<br />
from Turkey and called on Ankara to do<br />
more 10 secure its bor<strong>de</strong>rs.<br />
Observers believe that with the new agreement<br />
b<strong>et</strong>ween the PUK and KDP, the Iraqi<br />
Kurds will be obliged to take the strong action<br />
they have promised against the PKK<br />
and prevenlthat organization from using the<br />
area 10 attack TurkIsh targ<strong>et</strong>s.<br />
Report: Western oil<br />
firms talk with Iraq<br />
Relllers<br />
NICOSIA- Several Western oil companies,<br />
U.S. majors, have held extensive exploratory<br />
including<br />
talks with<br />
Iraq on future oil production, the Middle<br />
Survey (MEES) said on Monday.<br />
East Economic<br />
The newsl<strong>et</strong>ter said Iraq had been holding<br />
talks with foreign oil firms since mid-1991.<br />
intermittent<br />
''It can only be assumed that the American firms have<br />
received some sort of green light from Washington before<br />
holding such senior level me<strong>et</strong>ings," MEES said.<br />
It saId senior Iraqi oil officials and representatives of a<br />
sizeable number of American and European oil companies<br />
held extensive rounds of exploratory talks in Anunan over<br />
the past three weeks on possible upstream activities ~nd<br />
projects. Discussions covered possible production shanng<br />
agreements and technical service contracts.<br />
Any agreements would <strong>de</strong>pend on the lifting of U.N.<br />
sanctions, but Iraq plainly wants to position itself to move<br />
quickly once they are lifted. .<br />
Diplomats and analysts say the earliest the general ban<br />
on buying Iraqi oil could be lifted is mid-1994 and many<br />
say itls unlikely before the end of 1994 or early 1995.<br />
MEES said the areas being discussed inclu<strong>de</strong>d discovered<br />
but un<strong>de</strong>veloped fields in south Iraq, and exploration<br />
and appraisal of other acreage such as tlie western <strong>de</strong>sert,<br />
the central area and the northwestern region near the S'yrian<br />
bor<strong>de</strong>r. "Iraq offered to provi<strong>de</strong> the companies with seIsmic<br />
and geological data during the next round of talks, provi<strong>de</strong>d<br />
that these me<strong>et</strong>ings are held in Baghdad from now on,"<br />
MEES said. The newsl<strong>et</strong>ter said the frrms Iraq had earlier<br />
been holding talks with had been ~rincipally France's Total<br />
SA and Elf Aquitaine and Italy s Aglp SpA, as well as<br />
some in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt U.S. oil companies.<br />
"It is expected that a stron~ comp<strong>et</strong>itive play will gather<br />
momentum during the next few months over the establish:<br />
ment of a stake m the highly promisin$ and rewarding<br />
acreage that Iraq is opening for foreign jomt ventures when<br />
the sanctions are lifted," MEES conunented.<br />
The newsl<strong>et</strong>ter interpr<strong>et</strong>ed the freeing over the past two<br />
weeks of British, French and German prisoners as the<br />
removal of one' more obstacle in the way of the lifting of<br />
sanctions.<br />
115
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEYOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÏ<br />
Defense Minister Gölhan: PKK wiped out by summer<br />
TDN Parliament<br />
Bureau<br />
ANKARA- Defense Minister Mehm<strong>et</strong><br />
Gölhan said on Monday that the outlawed<br />
Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) would be<br />
finished off by winter's end.<br />
"We'll break its backbone and chop off<br />
its head. And before the ons<strong>et</strong> of summer,<br />
the greater part of the job will have been<br />
done," he said.<br />
Parliament passed a TL 77,669,445 mil-<br />
. lion Defense Ministry budg<strong>et</strong> for 1994. The<br />
Defense Ministry budg<strong>et</strong> makes up 9.4 percent<br />
of the total budg<strong>et</strong>. In 1983, its percentage<br />
was hioher, at 10.4. .<br />
Addressing Parliament, Gölhan said it<br />
was compulsory for Turkey to base its <strong>de</strong>fense<br />
industry upon natural resources, citing<br />
the current 60 percent share of domestic<br />
industry in the production of fighter planes<br />
as a very auspicious <strong>de</strong>velopment for Turkey.<br />
Referring to Turkey's 250,000 draft<br />
eva<strong>de</strong>rs, the <strong>de</strong>fense minIster said that his<br />
ministry had only pointed out the gravity of<br />
the problem and had not drafted any eva<strong>de</strong>rs.<br />
He ad<strong>de</strong>d that if those university stu<strong>de</strong>nts<br />
who failed classes for two consecutive<br />
years were forcibly drafted, approximately<br />
80,000 stu<strong>de</strong>nts would have to join<br />
up. Gölhan disclosed that 30 percent of<br />
those of conscription age had had their military<br />
service <strong>de</strong>ferred to a later date. Of<br />
eva<strong>de</strong>rs, 22 percent are muster eva<strong>de</strong>rs or<br />
draft dodgers in hiding, he said, adding that<br />
7 percent were medically unfit to do their<br />
military service.<br />
"Totally, they constitute 60 percent of<br />
those old enough to be conscripted,"<br />
Gölhan said. The <strong>de</strong>fense minister ad<strong>de</strong>d<br />
that a total of 250,000 youths, including<br />
those who have had their compulsory military<br />
service <strong>de</strong>ferred, are old enough to be<br />
conscripted. .<br />
He ad<strong>de</strong>d that the en bloc recruitment of<br />
all such people was out of the question,<br />
consi<strong>de</strong>ring the limited housing capacity of<br />
military training facilities.<br />
Touching on the Greek position on the<br />
PKK problem, Gölhan said that Greece's<br />
approval of PKK terrorism was regr<strong>et</strong>table,<br />
adding that humanitarian aid to Armenia<br />
had only been sent after the Azeri authorities<br />
consented. Referring to <strong>de</strong>fense projects,<br />
Gölhan said $1 billion's worth of<br />
equipment and services would be purchased<br />
from abroad for Turkey's F-16 fighter<br />
planes project, adding that $853 million had<br />
been allocated to the project from the national<br />
budß<strong>et</strong>. Gölhan said $2.5 billion's<br />
worth of rInances had been obtained via<br />
U.S. foreign military sales loans. He disclosed<br />
that 130 fighter planes had been given<br />
to the Turkish Air Force up to Dec. I<br />
and that 30 more would be produced.<br />
Gölhan said that 46 F-16s were being produced<br />
for the E!!yptian Air Force at Ankara's<br />
Murted facifitles. He ad<strong>de</strong>d that CASA<br />
light tran~ort planes would soon roll off<br />
the production line there and that the productIOn<br />
of Stin~er missiles had also started.<br />
The <strong>de</strong>fense mInister revealed that 35 general-purpose<br />
helicopters had so far been <strong>de</strong>livered<br />
to Turkey by the United States.<br />
"Ten more will be <strong>de</strong>livered in January," he<br />
ad<strong>de</strong>d. The minister said the <strong>de</strong>livery of 20<br />
transport helicopters purchased from<br />
France would start in 1994.<br />
Gölhan said four of eight frigates purchased<br />
from the United States had been <strong>de</strong>livered<br />
and that the remain<strong>de</strong>r<br />
livered next year.<br />
would be <strong>de</strong>-<br />
Criticism of the budg<strong>et</strong><br />
Criticism directed against the Defense<br />
Ministry budg<strong>et</strong> was aimed more at the internal<br />
processes of the Turkish Armed<br />
Forces than at purchases ma<strong>de</strong> by the ministry.<br />
Welfare Party (RP) Van Deputy F<strong>et</strong>hullah<br />
Erba~ critiCIZed re~ulations preventing<br />
the entry of religiol!s hIgh school graduates<br />
to War Aca<strong>de</strong>mies.<br />
He <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>d that "battalion prayer lea<strong>de</strong>rs"<br />
be appointed, adding that hiS party was<br />
extremeTy disturbed by the expulsion of<br />
Turkish military officials on tlie grounds<br />
that their spouses wore headscarves or refrained<br />
from certain. social activities violating<br />
their religious beliefs.<br />
He also opposed what he called the politically-motivated<br />
awarding of <strong>de</strong>fense industry<br />
contracts to certain countries in an<br />
attempt to enter the European Union.<br />
Hasan Basri EIer, a Republican People's<br />
Party (CHP) representative, said he was opposed<br />
to the exploitation of the <strong>de</strong>fense in-.<br />
dustry by political means.<br />
"Certain contracts awar<strong>de</strong>d to certain<br />
countries to win them over to our si<strong>de</strong> will<br />
turn Turkey to a garbage dump of <strong>de</strong>fense<br />
products," he said.<br />
Referring to PKK terrorism in the Southeast,<br />
EIer said security forces had to differentiate<br />
b<strong>et</strong>ween innocent locals and terrorists.<br />
He further criticized the failure of the<br />
Turkish Chief of Staff headquarters to brief<br />
members of Parliament in a secr<strong>et</strong> session<br />
following the briefing of Prime Minister<br />
Tansu Çiller and press members. .<br />
Saying bor<strong>de</strong>rs were still controlled by<br />
the gendarmerie, EIer argued that bor<strong>de</strong>r security<br />
must be han<strong>de</strong>d over immediately to<br />
the Land Forces. "So that the gendarmerie<br />
could be more effective in effecting internal<br />
security," he said.<br />
True Path Party (DYP) Manisa Deputy<br />
Tevfik Diker argued that nationalist<br />
ments in the Balkans and Caucasus<br />
move-<br />
threatened<br />
security, adding the Russian stand on<br />
CFE (Treaty on Reducing Conventional<br />
Forces in Europe) stemmed from the United<br />
States' meek approach. He maintained<br />
that Turkey had to Increase its national <strong>de</strong>fense<br />
power because it was <strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt on<br />
the protection of U.S. nuclear power. .<br />
The RP Sakarya <strong>de</strong>puty claimed that the<br />
<strong>de</strong>signs of the Czarist Russians were still<br />
valid today, adding that a crusa<strong>de</strong>r mentality<br />
had been displayed in Bosnia, that Western<br />
powers ignored the fact that Algerian<br />
Muslims had won the elections in that<br />
country, and that more funds had to be allocated<br />
to research in the <strong>de</strong>fense industry.<br />
Motherland Party (ANAP) Istanbul Deputy<br />
Burhan Çelebican argued that following the<br />
<strong>de</strong>velopments in Russia, justifications for<br />
NATO s existence had been annulled a'nd<br />
that Turkey had to opt for a new <strong>de</strong>fense<br />
strategy.<br />
He <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>d that the upcoming <strong>de</strong>cisjon<br />
on extending the term of stay of OperatIon<br />
Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort had to be taken very carefully<br />
given its aim to establish a fe<strong>de</strong>rated<br />
Kurdish state in northern Iraq. He further<br />
<strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>d that the main opposition lea<strong>de</strong>r<br />
and the interior minister be accor<strong>de</strong>d p~rmanent<br />
status within the National Secunty<br />
Council (MGK).<br />
The Defense Ministry budg<strong>et</strong> pas~ed<br />
throuoh Parliament With all <strong>de</strong>puties<br />
t:l • Il " .<br />
present votIng yes.<br />
116
RE'/VE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PIŒNSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Les Turcs reconnaissent que<br />
le conflit kur<strong>de</strong> est une guerre<br />
La rébellion kur<strong>de</strong> s'intensifie <strong>et</strong> l'armée ne peut pas exercer<br />
un contrôle réel <strong>de</strong>s montagnes-forteresses du PKK.<br />
Le ministre d'Etat turc Necm<strong>et</strong>tin<br />
Cevheri vient d'aller soutenir le moral<br />
<strong>de</strong>s rares habitants restant à Lice, ville<br />
partiellement détruite lors <strong>de</strong> combats<br />
contre la guérilla kur<strong>de</strong>: en hélicoptère<br />
parce que les routes sont trop dangereuses,<br />
<strong>et</strong> aussi entouré <strong>de</strong> dizaines <strong>de</strong><br />
gar<strong>de</strong>s puissamment armés.<br />
CONTR6LE DIFFICILE<br />
Le Gouvernement turc ne cache<br />
plus qu'il mène une véritable guerre<br />
aux séparatistes kur<strong>de</strong>s mais, s'il leur a<br />
infligé <strong>de</strong> ru<strong>de</strong>s revers, il n'arrive encore<br />
à exercer qu'un contrôle très partiel<br />
sur leur bastion dans le sud-est<br />
montagneux du pays, région très pauvre<br />
où le Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du Kurdistan,<br />
plus connu sous ses initiales <strong>de</strong><br />
PKK, a lancé voilà une dizaine d'années<br />
son combat pour réclamer l'autonomie.<br />
Les combattants du PKK, estimés<br />
à 7000 par le Gouvernement <strong>et</strong> à<br />
plus <strong>de</strong> 15 000 par eux, maintiennent<br />
toute la région en otage.<br />
Ces <strong>de</strong>rniers mois, le conflit local<br />
s'est transformé en véritable guerre,<br />
qui menace l'économie <strong>et</strong> l'équilibre<br />
social <strong>de</strong> toute la Turquie. Ce pays est<br />
un allié vital pour les pays occi<strong>de</strong>nta~x,<br />
en raison <strong>de</strong> sa situation géographique:<br />
aux portes <strong>de</strong>s remuants pays<br />
du. Caucase <strong>et</strong> à l'entrée du Moyen-<br />
Onent. Selon certaines analyses, le<br />
Gouvernement consacre chaque année<br />
à la guerre plus <strong>de</strong> 36 milliards <strong>de</strong><br />
FF, <strong>et</strong> les tensions <strong>et</strong>hniques se sont<br />
accrues.<br />
PWS QUE DU TERRORISME<br />
Pendant <strong>de</strong>s années, le Gouvernemenf<br />
d'Ankara a traité ce foyer<br />
comme un problème <strong>de</strong> terrorisme localisé,<br />
ignorant les <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
qui réc!ament une autonomie <strong>et</strong> la<br />
protection <strong>de</strong> leur langue <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> leur<br />
culture. Aujourd'hui, le Gouvernement<br />
a engagé 140 000 soldats dans<br />
c<strong>et</strong>te guerre.<br />
Les brutalités du PKK lui ont aliéné<br />
la plupart <strong>de</strong>s six millions <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
<strong>de</strong> la région <strong>et</strong> ont révolté le pays tout<br />
entier. Les militants du PKK n'hésitent<br />
pas à assassiner <strong>de</strong>s enseignants <strong>et</strong><br />
les civils qui ne coopèrent pas. Presque<br />
chaque semaine, les obsèques d'un soldat<br />
turc sont l'occasion d'un rassemblement<br />
anti-PKK. Exemple récent:<br />
33. sold~.~..Jol.JS âgés d'une vingtaine<br />
d'années, ont été exécutés froi<strong>de</strong>ment<br />
d'une balle dans la tête après avoir été<br />
capturés.<br />
OPiRATIONS CRITIQUÉES<br />
Mais les opérations <strong>de</strong> l'armée ont<br />
aussi déclenché <strong>de</strong>s critiques. L'armée,<br />
en <strong>et</strong>T<strong>et</strong>, abuse <strong>de</strong>s évacuations<br />
forcées <strong>de</strong> villages, <strong>de</strong> tabassages <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong>structions <strong>de</strong> maisons. Le Gouvernement<br />
a toujours dit que les excès<br />
étaient punis.<br />
Lice, une ville située à 110 km <strong>de</strong><br />
Diyarbakir, la principale ville du Sud-<br />
Est, a été le théâtre d'un <strong>de</strong>s plus gros<br />
«COuP~» du PKK: l'assassinat d'un<br />
général lors d'une bataille le 22 octobre<br />
<strong>de</strong>rnier. Plus <strong>de</strong> 10 000 personnes<br />
sont mortes <strong>de</strong>puis le début <strong>de</strong> 1'0tTensive<br />
du PKK en 1984, <strong>et</strong> près <strong>de</strong> 1000<br />
<strong>de</strong>puis août.<br />
RioION DANGEREUSE<br />
La région <strong>de</strong> Diyarbakir est <strong>de</strong>venue<br />
un vérit~ble coupe-gorge: il est risqué<br />
d'emprunter les routes du sud-est <strong>et</strong><br />
toutes les écoles sont fermées, à cause<br />
<strong>de</strong>s menaces du PKK. Au moins<br />
500 000 personnes ont fui la violence<br />
<strong>et</strong> se sont réfugiées à Diyarbakir (1,5<br />
million d'habitants).<br />
Les <strong>et</strong>Torts <strong>de</strong> la Turquie ont été soutenus<br />
récemment par <strong>de</strong>s opérations<br />
en France <strong>et</strong> en Allemagne contre les<br />
représentations du PKK - qui s'est<br />
aussi engagé ces <strong>de</strong>rniers mois dans<br />
<strong>de</strong>s prises d'otages occi<strong>de</strong>ntaux. ensuite<br />
libérés.<br />
AP<br />
A.F.P. - AgenceFrance Presse-A.F.P. - AgenceFrance Presse-A.F.P. - AgenceFrance Presse-A.F.P. - AgenceFrance Press<br />
FRA0255 4 I 0209 RFA /AFP-UK69<br />
Allemagne-Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
Les organisations kur<strong>de</strong>s interdites vont déposer un recours en justice<br />
BONN, 21 déc (AFP) - Les avocats du Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du Kurdistan<br />
(PKK) <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s 35 autres organisations kur<strong>de</strong>s qui ont été interdites le 26<br />
novembre en Allemagne ont annoncé mardi ~ Bonn leur intention <strong>de</strong> déposer une<br />
plainte <strong>de</strong>vant la Cour administrative fédérale pour faire annuler les<br />
int<strong>et</strong>~dictions.<br />
C<strong>et</strong>te mesure, qui touche le PKK, en lutte armée contre le pouvoir en<br />
Turquie, ainsi que <strong>de</strong> nombreuses associations culturelles soupçonnées <strong>de</strong> lui<br />
s<strong>et</strong>~vit~<strong>de</strong> couv<strong>et</strong>~tut~e, "tue toute la vie culturelle <strong>et</strong> politique" <strong>de</strong>s Kut~<strong>de</strong>s en<br />
Allemagne, a déclaré l'avocat Carl Hey<strong>de</strong>nreich lors d'une conférence <strong>de</strong> presse.<br />
L'interdiction pronoricée par le ministre <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur Manfred Kanther<br />
liest la continuation <strong>de</strong> la politiq'Je d'oppt"ession <strong>de</strong> l'Etat tUt~C", a plaidé Me<br />
Hey<strong>de</strong>m"eich.<br />
Les avocats ont distribué I_lndocument attt"ibué .\ un "Co.ité pOIJt"la<br />
défense <strong>de</strong>s dt"oits <strong>de</strong>s Kut"<strong>de</strong>s en RFA", qlJi jlJstifie ilIa lutte at~mée du peuple<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>, car tous les autres moyens ont échoué".<br />
Le texte regr<strong>et</strong>te néanmoins les affronte.ents qui ensanglantent le sud-est<br />
<strong>de</strong> la Turquie <strong>et</strong> expri.e l'espoir <strong>de</strong> voir émerger une solution politique au<br />
pt"oblème kut"<strong>de</strong>.<br />
cpb/sp<br />
AFP 211432 DEC 93<br />
117
1----<br />
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RMSTA<br />
STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
A.EI~ - AgenceFrance Presse-A.EP. - ,\genceFrancePresse-/\.I~I~ - AgenceFrancePresse-A.EP - \gence FrancePresse-A.EP.<br />
FRA0254 4 lA 0159 TUR /AFP-UK27<br />
T'-lt~q uie-pt~esse<br />
29 employés dl_ljo'-lt~nalpt~o-kut~<strong>de</strong>OzgIJt~-Gun<strong>de</strong>m tou.jol_lt~S lien gat~<strong>de</strong> à<br />
vue"<br />
ANKARA, 21 déc (AFP) Vingt-neuf employés du journal pro-kur<strong>de</strong><br />
Ozgur-Gun<strong>de</strong>m (30.000 exemplaires) se trouvaient toujours mardi en gar<strong>de</strong> à vue<br />
après leur arrestation par la police le 10 décembre, journée internationale<br />
<strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'Homme, lors <strong>de</strong> perquisitions au siège <strong>et</strong> dan~ les bureaux<br />
provinciaux du quotidien. .<br />
Les 19 collaborateurs arrêtés à Istanbul doivent comparaitre <strong>de</strong>vant la<br />
Cour <strong>de</strong> SGr<strong>et</strong>é <strong>de</strong> l'Etat d'Istanbul (CSE) au plus tard vendredi, selon <strong>de</strong>s<br />
sources judiciaires. ,<br />
Me Osman Ergin, l'avocat du journal, a déclaré à l'AFP qu'aucune<br />
accusation n'avait encore été r<strong>et</strong>enue contre ces personnes, ni contre les 10<br />
arrêtées dans <strong>de</strong>s bureaux provinciaux. Le procureur <strong>de</strong> la Cour soupçonne le<br />
quotidien d'être '.lnorgane du Parti <strong>de</strong>s Travailleurs du Kurdistan (PKK,<br />
séparatiste), selon Me Ergin qui ~ej<strong>et</strong>te catégoriquement c<strong>et</strong>te accusation.<br />
YM/sp<br />
AFP 211430 DEC 93<br />
IRAK<br />
Le Mon<strong>de</strong><br />
21décembre 1993<br />
Une base <strong>de</strong>s séparatistes<br />
kur~,. <strong>de</strong> Turquie<br />
a <strong>et</strong>é tranSférée<br />
dans le nord du pays<br />
le chef du Parti démocratique<br />
du Kurdistan d'Irak (PDK).MassoudBarzani.<br />
a affirmé que le<br />
Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du Kurdistan<br />
turc (PKK, séparatiste) avait<br />
transféré sa base <strong>de</strong> la plaine<br />
libanaise <strong>de</strong> la Békaa vers Zéli,<br />
dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak. «ail ses<br />
combattants s'entrafnent ». Dans<br />
un' entr<strong>et</strong>ien publié, dimanche<br />
19 décembre, par le quotidien<br />
arabe El Hayat, M, Barzani a<br />
estimé le nombre <strong>de</strong> ces combattants<br />
à un millier. Ce transfert'<br />
constitue une «violation d'un<br />
accord (conciu entre le PKK <strong>et</strong> le<br />
Il gouvernement» kur<strong>de</strong>) interdisant<br />
au PKK toute activitt1 militaire<br />
ou d'entrafnement au Kùrdistan<br />
d'Irak JI. a-t-il souligné. le<br />
chef du PDK, dont les propos<br />
contredisent un récent démenti<br />
du «gouvernement» kur<strong>de</strong> ira-<br />
,kien concernànt là présence <strong>de</strong><br />
bases du PKK sur ce territoire'; a<br />
menacé d'« utiliser la force au<br />
besoin» pour les déloger. -<br />
(AFP.) ,<br />
Turquie : raid aérien' contre<br />
<strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s du nord irakien<br />
ISTANBUL. - l'aviation turque a attaqué'<strong>de</strong>s positions rebelles<br />
,kur<strong>de</strong>s dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak, déclare l'agence anatolienne <strong>de</strong><br />
presse,<br />
'<br />
Un conv~i <strong>de</strong> cinq véhicules appartenant à <strong>de</strong>~: rebelles du Parti<br />
<strong>de</strong>s travaIlleurs du Kurdistan (PKK) a, été détruit au 'cours <strong>de</strong><br />
l' op~ration, menée dans la région dli Mazi Zl:Iorl, AU' sÜQ-,es! ljEl,la<br />
provl!"ce turq.ue <strong>de</strong> Cukurca.Un raid sir;nilainl 'avbit prôvoqué la'<br />
semame <strong>de</strong>rnière la mort d'une cinquantaine <strong>de</strong> rebelles duPK~.<br />
Presse <strong>de</strong> la Manche - 23 décembre 1993<br />
,Ai<strong>de</strong> aux agriculteurs du Kurdistan<br />
Serge Mouhedin (1) qui s'occupe<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'association ai<strong>de</strong> aux<br />
agriculteurs du Kurdistan d'Irak,<br />
continue son' action qui 'débuta<br />
aù.~ço,urs,<strong>de</strong>, l'été 92. '<br />
Lors d'une rencontre à Ham"<br />
bye, il a bien voulu nous appor-<br />
~er quelques informations sur<br />
les actions entreprises.<br />
" ~ En eff<strong>et</strong>, lors <strong>de</strong> notre<br />
voyage en juill<strong>et</strong> 1~2 dans<br />
, <strong>de</strong>tte région du mon<strong>de</strong> dure-<br />
",ent. touchée par la guerre,<br />
';jous avons pu constaté les<br />
èlégâts':-3.400 villages complètement<br />
détruits <strong>et</strong> une agriculture<br />
réquite à néant.<br />
" Face:à c<strong>et</strong>te situation, nous<br />
ne pouvions pas rester. insensilile<br />
<strong>et</strong> naquit en nous une vo-<br />
:ronté <strong>de</strong> venir en ai<strong>de</strong> à ce<br />
'peuple. Les besoins étaient<br />
nombreux mais nous avons<br />
voulu c,ommencer par la base,<br />
c'est-à-dire: ai<strong>de</strong>r "agriculture.<br />
, ,,' En 1993,' nous avons réalisé<br />
ileùx, proj<strong>et</strong>s: ,<br />
- Réalisation d'une pépinière à<br />
Dohuk, grâce aux dcms', <strong>de</strong><br />
10':000 ,jeunes, plants (pom-<br />
, miers, poiriers, pêchers).<br />
- Distribution CIe 4S kg <strong>de</strong> semences<br />
(choux,' carottes, aubergines,<br />
oignons, poireaux, laitue)<br />
offertes par <strong>de</strong>s sociétés<br />
productrices, <strong>de</strong>-graines. '.<br />
- Le 3" proj<strong>et</strong> est en cours' <strong>de</strong><br />
réalisation, c'est la reconstruction<br />
du village <strong>de</strong> Paraki.<br />
Aujourd'hui, l'agriculture recommence<br />
doucement mais,les<br />
besoins restent nombreux <strong>et</strong><br />
lors, <strong>de</strong> notre voyage en juill<strong>et</strong><br />
93, nous avons reçu <strong>de</strong> nombreux<br />
proj<strong>et</strong>s.. ,<br />
Et, Serge Mouhedin nous fait<br />
part <strong>de</strong>s besoins actuels :<br />
- Graines <strong>et</strong> Jeunes plants:<br />
"ommiers, poiriers, pruniers,<br />
, pêchers.<br />
- Semences: lentilles, pois<br />
chiche, pomme <strong>de</strong>'terre, coton,<br />
tournesol, tomates, past~ques,<br />
haricots V3rtS, concombres, fèves,<br />
oignons, courg<strong>et</strong>tes, radis,<br />
carottes" aubergines, nav<strong>et</strong>s,<br />
melons, hariéots blancs, b<strong>et</strong>teraves,<br />
'choux, choux-fleur, sésame,<br />
poivrons, lentilles noires,<br />
riz <strong>et</strong> orge, blé, luzerne (aliment<br />
pour le, bétail). .<br />
• Engrais: phosphates, 'engrais<br />
simple, engrais composés.<br />
,<br />
- Produits phytosanitaires :<br />
fongici<strong>de</strong>s, insectici<strong>de</strong>s, herbici<strong>de</strong>s.<br />
- Produits vétérinaires: antibiotiques,<br />
,médicaments gastra-intestinaux,<br />
médicaments<br />
respiratoires, vitamines,' hormones,<br />
vermifuges:', vaccinS'<br />
(peste, variole, brucellose, fièvre<br />
aphtieuse <strong>et</strong> charbonneuse<br />
<strong>et</strong>c), besoins pour les inséminations<br />
arti,ficielles (gants, <strong>de</strong><br />
fouille <strong>et</strong>c) <strong>et</strong> instruments (ciseaux,<br />
seringues, stérilisateurs,<br />
microscopes <strong>et</strong>c). '<br />
- Maté",el pour, ,un ce~re<br />
d'apiculture: équipements <strong>et</strong><br />
instruments, pour les apiculteurs,<br />
matériel pour la ruche.<br />
• Besoins pour' un .Ievage '<strong>de</strong><br />
poules pon<strong>de</strong>uses: pous'sins<br />
d'un jour,-aliment, médicaments<br />
<strong>et</strong> vaccins" antibiotiques, <strong>et</strong>c. '<br />
- Matériel agricole ùsagé;<br />
"Université <strong>de</strong> Soulaima'niyah<br />
recherche pour sa station expé~<br />
riment~e: 2 stations <strong>de</strong>, pom-<br />
'page, <strong>de</strong>s' tracteurs, charriJes;<br />
pulvérisateurs, pestici<strong>de</strong>s <strong>et</strong> citernes.<br />
CALLISTEPHUS'<br />
(1) Association ai<strong>de</strong> aux agriculteurs<br />
du' Kurdistan d'Irak,'<br />
'. La Martinière.; 50450 Hambye,<br />
tél. 33.50.74.27 ou<br />
3,3.90.42.07. fax 33.5~,~3.10.'"<br />
•<br />
118
REVUE DE PRESSE, PRESS REVIEW,BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ,RlVlSTA STAMPA,DENTRO DE LA PRENSA,BASIN ÖZETi<br />
....<br />
N<br />
I<br />
Offensive contre<br />
les séparatistes kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
Thrquie : la guerre<br />
diplolDatique<br />
Après l'interdiction du PKK en France <strong>et</strong> en<br />
Allemagne, Ankara espère le soutien <strong>de</strong> Tél1éran.<br />
A défaut d'initiative politique,<br />
l'offensive diplomatique <strong>et</strong> militaire<br />
d'Ankara contre les séparatistes<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s du PKK se précise<br />
<strong>et</strong> s'étend. la visite, aujourd'hui<br />
en Turquie, du vice-prési<strong>de</strong>nt iranien<br />
Habibi <strong>et</strong> le mitraillage, dimanche<br />
au Kurdistan d'Irak, d'un<br />
convoi <strong>de</strong> maquisards du PKK<br />
(200 rebelles .. hors <strong>de</strong><br />
combat ») l'atteste.<br />
Abdülkadir Ates, député social-démocrate<br />
du sud-est <strong>et</strong> ministre<br />
du Tourisme, explique au<br />
Figaro pourquoi le gouvernement<br />
<strong>de</strong> M- Tansu Ciller s'interdit<br />
<strong>de</strong> négocier avec le PKK :<br />
Il On ne peut pas tendre un rameau<br />
d'olivier à <strong>de</strong>s gens qui attaquent<br />
les écoles <strong>et</strong> tuent <strong>de</strong>s<br />
constructeurs <strong>de</strong> barrages hydro-électriques.<br />
» '<br />
On assiste <strong>de</strong>puis l'échec <strong>de</strong><br />
la trêve <strong>de</strong> mai à l'accélération<br />
du cycle terrorisme-répression <strong>et</strong><br />
à la banalisation <strong>de</strong>s incursions<br />
terrestres <strong>et</strong> aériennes <strong>de</strong> l'armée<br />
turque au Kurdistan d'Irak.<br />
le raid <strong>de</strong> dimanche est le troisième<br />
<strong>de</strong>puis le 30 novembre.<br />
Sur le territoire turc, quelque 200<br />
000 militaires font la chasse à<br />
environ 10 000 ou 15 000 guérilleros,<br />
appuyés par plusieurs dizaines<br />
<strong>de</strong> milliers <strong>de</strong> « rése,r-<br />
vistes ,~ Au'! assassinats<br />
perpétrés par !ttS « barbouzes »<br />
<strong>de</strong> la .. contre-guérilla " <strong>et</strong> aux<br />
pacifications meurtrières <strong>de</strong><br />
bourga<strong>de</strong>s comme Lice<br />
(140 morts, en octobre, selon les<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s) font écho les exactions<br />
:lu PKK décidé à m<strong>et</strong>tre la popu-<br />
'ation kur<strong>de</strong> au pas: <strong>de</strong>s dizaines<br />
je villageois massacrés comme<br />
)rogouvernementaux <strong>et</strong> une<br />
~uarantalne d'instituteurs .. exé-<br />
=utés » comme propagandiste*<br />
~e la langue turqutr. A Ankara,<br />
les .. durs .. ont obtenu la sus;.<br />
f*lfskm 'f'Ozgur Gun<strong>de</strong>m, lè<br />
seul journal kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>et</strong> réclament<br />
"expulsipn <strong>de</strong>s députés kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
ju Parlement.<br />
l'état-major est persuadé<br />
que le .. terrorisme» cessera s'il<br />
prive le PKK <strong>de</strong> ses « sanctuaires<br />
». Il a conclu <strong>de</strong>s accords<br />
avec les dirigeants kur<strong>de</strong>s d'Irak,<br />
<strong>et</strong> tout particulièrement avec<br />
Massoud Barzani. Barzani <strong>et</strong> son<br />
allié rival Jalal Talabani savent<br />
que leur région, qui est coupée<br />
<strong>de</strong> Bagdad <strong>de</strong>puis le printemps<br />
1991, ne peut survivre sans les<br />
marchandises qui transitent par<br />
la Turquie. C<strong>et</strong>te coopération satisfait<br />
<strong>de</strong> moins en moins l'armée<br />
turque. D'où la multiplication <strong>de</strong>s<br />
incursions <strong>et</strong> bombar<strong>de</strong>ments ....<br />
<strong>et</strong> une déclaration, fort attendue<br />
à Ankara, <strong>de</strong> M. Barzani accusant<br />
le PKK <strong>de</strong> violer un accord<br />
avec le gouvernement kur<strong>de</strong> d'Irbil<br />
lln entrainant un millier <strong>de</strong><br />
guérilleros dans la base <strong>de</strong> Zeli<br />
(Kurdistan d'Irak).<br />
Coopération<br />
les efforts <strong>de</strong>s diplomates<br />
turcs pour .. verrouiller» le PKK<br />
commencent à donner <strong>de</strong>s résultats.<br />
l'Allemagne puis la France<br />
ont donné un coup d'arrêt à ses<br />
activités sur leurs territoires. la<br />
Syrie <strong>et</strong> le Liban ont promis leur<br />
assistance ... la visite à Ankara<br />
du vice-prési<strong>de</strong>nt irakien M. Habibi<br />
est importante. les Turcs atten<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'armée <strong>de</strong> Téhéran<br />
qu'elle interdise au PKK <strong>de</strong> transHer<br />
par le territoire iranien.<br />
M. Habibi a déjà promis une plus<br />
gran<strong>de</strong> coopération, Il attend en<br />
r<strong>et</strong>our un contrôle renforcé <strong>de</strong>s<br />
autorités turques sur les,oppo<br />
sants iraniens - moudjahidine du<br />
peuple <strong>et</strong> PDKI (kur<strong>de</strong>s) - très<br />
présents en Turquie.<br />
Dans quelques jours, le Parlement<br />
turc doit débattre du renouvellement<br />
du mandat <strong>de</strong><br />
l'opération interalliée « Provi<strong>de</strong><br />
Comfort» déclenchée en 1991<br />
pour protéger les Kur<strong>de</strong>s d'Irak<br />
<strong>de</strong>s foudres <strong>de</strong> Saddam Hussein.<br />
Traumatisés par les « exploits<br />
» du PKM, les député'a .nt'.<br />
très partagés sur le bien-fondé<br />
du soutien occi<strong>de</strong>ntal à une « entité<br />
» kur<strong>de</strong> qui emb~rresse<br />
toutes les puissances régio'<br />
nales. le gouvernement, qui<br />
ai<strong>de</strong> économiquement les<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s d'Irak, considère c<strong>et</strong>te<br />
solution comme un moindre mal.<br />
Il n'a pas oublié l'exo<strong>de</strong> en Turquie<br />
<strong>de</strong> centaines <strong>de</strong> milliers <strong>de</strong><br />
malheureux fuyant, durant<br />
l'hiver 1990-1991, les hor<strong>de</strong>s irakiennes<br />
! Il ne veut pas que ce<br />
drame se renouvelle.<br />
ca.u<strong>de</strong> LOREtIX<br />
Le <strong>Paris</strong>ien - 21 décembre 1993<br />
LE FIGARO-21 décembre 1993<br />
L'IIIe.dle dl MIlIIIouse<br />
.'611I.M aeelll... 1<br />
fiat L'enquête sur l'incendie, dans lequel six Kur<strong>de</strong>s sont<br />
'\gr morts <strong>et</strong> cinq autres ont été blessés à Mulhouse<br />
(Hatlt-Rhin), le 21 novembre <strong>de</strong>rnier, accrédite la thèse d'urt<br />
acte criminel. En eff<strong>et</strong>, les expertises ont révélé <strong>de</strong>s traces<br />
d'hydrocarbures dans les prélèvements effectués dans les<br />
dècombres <strong>de</strong> l'immeuble où ils habitaient. Le magistrat a<br />
requalifié son information en « <strong>de</strong>struction volontaire ». Le<br />
Kt,Ir<strong>de</strong> propriétaire <strong>de</strong> l'immeuble incendié avait porté<br />
plainte, début novembre, en affirmant que <strong>de</strong>s hommes du<br />
PKK tentaient <strong>de</strong> le rack<strong>et</strong>ter.<br />
MULHOUSE<br />
Incendie criminel<br />
o Des traces d'hydrocarbures<br />
ont été r<strong>et</strong>rouvées dans les<br />
prélèvements effectués dans<br />
les décombres d'un immeuble<br />
dont l'incendie avait fait six<br />
morts <strong>et</strong> cinq blessés, tous <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Ku~es. le 21 novembre à Mul-<br />
,house (Haut-Rhin), accréditant<br />
la thèse d'un sinistre d'origine<br />
criminelle. les premières expertises<br />
font état <strong>de</strong> traces<br />
d'hydrocarbures dans la cage<br />
d'escalier, au niveau du premier<br />
étage <strong>de</strong> l'immeuble.<br />
119
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RIVISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />
A.FI~ - \gence France Presse-A.EI~ -,\gence FrancePresse-A.FP - \gence FrancePresse-A.EP - \gence-FrancePresse-A.FP<br />
FRA03394 I 0208 TUR./AFP-JA92<br />
Turquie-Allemagne<br />
Le ,jol.lt'naliste allemand .W'aldb<strong>et</strong>'ggt'acié pat' le pt'ési<strong>de</strong>nt t•.wc<br />
ANKARA, 2~ déc (AFP)- Le ,journaliste allemand Stefan Waldberg, condamné à<br />
une. peine <strong>de</strong> pt~ison en Tut'quie pOUt' "coopét"ation" avec le Pat"ti <strong>de</strong>s<br />
travailleurs du Kurdistan (PKK, séparatiste), a été gracié par le prési<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
Suleyman Demirel, a-t-on appris ,jeudi <strong>de</strong> source ~rési<strong>de</strong>ntielle à Ankara.<br />
Le pt'ési<strong>de</strong>nt Demit"el "a annl.lléle t'este" <strong>de</strong> la peine <strong>de</strong>, pt'ison pt'ononcée<br />
en ,janvier 1993 contre le ,journaliste allemand, à la suite d'une expertise<br />
médicale selon laq'.lelleM.<br />
déclaré ~ l'AFP une source<br />
Waldb<strong>et</strong>'g sOI.lfft'ed' '.me "psychose<br />
prési<strong>de</strong>ntielle.<br />
cht'onique", a<br />
M. Waldberg, 29 ans, collaborateur d'une radio pt'ivée <strong>de</strong><br />
Fribourg-en-Bresgau, avait été con~amné en ,janvier 1993 à Diyarbakir<br />
(chef-lieu du sud-est anatolien à majorité kur<strong>de</strong>) à trois ans <strong>et</strong> neuf mois <strong>de</strong> .<br />
pt'ison pOUt" "coopét'ation" avec le PKK. Il avàit été at"t'êtéen octobt'e 1992 a-<br />
la ft'ontièt'<strong>et</strong>Ut'co-it'akienne d'e t'<strong>et</strong>out"dll not'd it"akien o.:.t il avait<br />
dans <strong>de</strong>s camps du PKK, selon la ,justice turque.<br />
séjout"né<br />
.<br />
Les autorités turques avaient évoqué la possibilité d'une extradition dans<br />
~le cadre <strong>de</strong>s conventions du Conseil<br />
Helmut Kohl en Turquie en mai 1993.<br />
CE/ms<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'Europe lors d'un voyage du chanceli<strong>et</strong>'<br />
AFP 231754 DEC 93<br />
A. F P - ,\genCl'I,'rancePresse-A. F P. - \gence FrancePresse-A. F P - \gence FrancePresse-I\. F P - \gence France Presse-A. F P.<br />
FRA0251 4 I 0200 TUR IAFP-IB51<br />
'Turquie-~~r<strong>de</strong>s-Irak<br />
Le gouvernement pour la reconduction <strong>de</strong> la force multinationale<br />
ANKARA, 23 déc (AFP) - Le gouvernement turc s'èst déclaré ,jeudi en faveur<br />
<strong>de</strong> la reconduction, pour une pério<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> six mois, du stationnement en Turquie<br />
<strong>de</strong> la force multinationale chargée <strong>de</strong> la protection <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s d'Irak <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />
l'ai<strong>de</strong> en leur fave~r, a-t-on appris <strong>de</strong> source officielle.<br />
La décision du gouvernement <strong>de</strong> 6oalition droite-gauche <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>r au<br />
pat'lement c<strong>et</strong>te t'econduction est due à "l'instabilité <strong>et</strong> à l'insécut'ité" qui<br />
~ègnent en Irak, notamment dans le nord du pays contrOlé par les Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
d'Irak, a expliqué le porte-parole du gouvernement, Yildirm Aktuna.<br />
Mercredi, le Conseil national <strong>de</strong> Sécurité avait émis un 'avis allant dans<br />
le même sens. C<strong>et</strong>te instance, fot'mée <strong>de</strong> militait'es e.t <strong>de</strong> membres du<br />
gouvernement, s'était déclarée en faveur d'une prolongation pour une pério<strong>de</strong><br />
"convenabl e ".<br />
Une _ventuelle prorogation <strong>de</strong> la .durée <strong>de</strong> mission <strong>de</strong> la force<br />
multinati~nale, basée notamment à Incirlik (base aérienne américano-turque<br />
près d'Adana, sud) <strong>de</strong>puis juill<strong>et</strong> 1991, doit être prononcée par le parlement<br />
turc d'ici au 31 décembre, date d'expiration du mandat <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te force.<br />
YM/chm<br />
AFP 231527 DEC 93<br />
120
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVlEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA<br />
STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASlN ÖZETi<br />
War against Kurdish separatists<br />
becomes matter for all Turks<br />
'They are trying to <strong>de</strong>stroy the social fabric of the country'<br />
By Daniel J. Wakin<br />
Associated Press Writer<br />
ANKARA- The scenes and strains of<br />
war hare finally begun to grip this<br />
country after 10 years of a faraway<br />
fight against Kurdish rebels.<br />
The body bags keep coming home,<br />
the financial bur<strong>de</strong>n is growing and intolerant<br />
nationalism is emerginl!.<br />
With a recent surge in the \10lence,<br />
the war is dominating public discourse<br />
and worrying many Turks and foreign<br />
diplomats about its effects on the country.<br />
Once the gorernment dismissed<br />
Kurds as "mountain Turks" and referred<br />
to attacks in the remote and poor<br />
southeast by the autonomy-seeking<br />
Kurdistan Workers' Party as isolated<br />
terrorist inci<strong>de</strong>nts.<br />
But 10 years of fighting have gone<br />
by, and the government's reported<br />
<strong>de</strong>ath toll has gone beyond 10,000,<br />
nearly 2,000 in the past year alone.<br />
From September through October,<br />
453 villagers and 200 securj.ty officials<br />
were killed, said Governor Unal Erkan,<br />
who has police and administrative authority<br />
orer 13 provinces in the southeast.<br />
Pictures of <strong>de</strong>ad women and children<br />
often appear on the front pages of<br />
newspapers.<br />
Last month, the military chief of<br />
staff acknowledged the fight amounted<br />
to a "low intensity war."<br />
The government has <strong>de</strong>voted<br />
150,000 soldiers and paramilitary police<br />
to the fight against the guerrillas,<br />
who the authorities say number 7,000,<br />
less than half what the PKK claims.<br />
Turkey', already bur<strong>de</strong>ned with nearly<br />
$60 bIllion of <strong>de</strong>bt and 67 percent inflation,<br />
is spending about 56.6 billion a<br />
year on the war, a figure expected to<br />
rise. That compares to a projected 1994<br />
budg<strong>et</strong> of $32 billion.<br />
The economy in the southeast has<br />
been <strong>de</strong>vastated. Banks are pulling ouI,<br />
sales of consumer goods are down 20<br />
percent and prirate investment has<br />
nearly ceased, the Ankara Chamber of<br />
Industry said in a study. Hundreds of<br />
thousands of Kurds have mored westward.<br />
The psychological and social effec~<br />
run d~ep. Even though only a minority<br />
of the country's 12 million Kurds support<br />
the PKK, the riolence has forced<br />
many of them, as well as Turks with<br />
Kurdish roots, to confront their "Kurdishness,"<br />
wh<strong>et</strong>her they want to or not.<br />
That plays into the PKK's hands, according<br />
to Volkan Vural. Premier Tansu<br />
Çiller's top adviser.<br />
"They are trying to <strong>de</strong>stroy the social<br />
fabric of the country," he said in an interview.<br />
Funerals for soldiers often become<br />
fist-waving, anti-Kurdish <strong>de</strong>monstrations.<br />
Ultranationalist politicians who<br />
urge iron-fist tactics have become frequent<br />
talk show l!uests and are gaining<br />
in popularitr ~Necklaces wIth the<br />
Turkish flag s star and crescent have<br />
become popular fashion accessories.<br />
Growing "like a snowball among the<br />
Turkish republic is the opinion that<br />
whatever the consequences, the Kurds<br />
should be ma<strong>de</strong> to pay for what is happening,"<br />
the EnglIsh-language Daily<br />
News said in a recent commentary.<br />
The steady military casualties are<br />
taking a toll on a country with a tradi- .<br />
tion of military pri<strong>de</strong> that dates back<br />
centuries to the earliest Seljuk rulers<br />
and Ottoman sultans.<br />
No organized peace protests have<br />
emerged, but anti war feelings are evi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
and draft-dodging is l!rowing. A<br />
military spokesman took ihe unusual<br />
step earlier this month of con<strong>de</strong>mning<br />
eva<strong>de</strong>rs.<br />
The government has suggested it<br />
will introduce legislation to, punish<br />
them.<br />
. ''This 'is a.-dirty;wa,. Nobody_wants<br />
to send their kids to it," said Semih<br />
Idiz, Ankara bureau chief of the Turkish<br />
Daily News.<br />
Hamm Tan, 48, the wife of a janitor<br />
in a building inhabited by military and<br />
government families, leaned against<br />
the doorway of her barren apartment.<br />
Her son had just come back from the<br />
front, t~rmented by the <strong>de</strong>aths of his<br />
compamons.<br />
"It's b<strong>et</strong>ter for it to come to an end,"<br />
she said. "Everybody's son is dying.<br />
We have to stop this anarchy."<br />
Upstairs, in a carp<strong>et</strong>ed apartment<br />
with chintz curtains, five officers'<br />
wives in their 50's had gathered for<br />
curs of Turkish coffee.<br />
Our hearts bleed every day when<br />
we hear of a killing," said Sldlka<br />
Kibaroglu. But when pressed, the<br />
women agree with the &overnment's<br />
tough military policy. 'This is our<br />
country. We can't allow them to <strong>de</strong>stroy<br />
our unity," said Nezahat Sözer.<br />
Çiller announces 'joint action' with Iran on terrorism<br />
Karaya/çln refuses to me<strong>et</strong> Iranian Deputy Presi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- Prime Minister Tansu Çiller<br />
said on Tuesday, "We have agreed with Iran<br />
on joint action against terrorism. This action<br />
can be on our territory or on Iran's territory.-<br />
The <strong>de</strong>tails will be handled by the security<br />
forces and the interior ministry." Çiller,<br />
who was informing her True Path Party's<br />
parliamentary group about her me<strong>et</strong>ing wIth<br />
Iran's first Deputy Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Hassan Habibi<br />
on Monday, did not elaborate on the subject<br />
beyond thIS.<br />
Security talks b<strong>et</strong>ween Turkey and Iran at<br />
the level of senior offiçials from the minis-<br />
tries of interior at the beginning of' the<br />
month had resulted in an accord un<strong>de</strong>r<br />
which the si<strong>de</strong>s had aweed to send observers<br />
to follow each otner's "search and <strong>de</strong>stroy"<br />
operations against terrorist bases.<br />
Officiais said at the time that the i<strong>de</strong>a behind<br />
this accord was that both governments<br />
would have the right to complall1 to the other<br />
si<strong>de</strong> about the activities of separatist or<br />
anti-government organizations based there<br />
and working against its interests.<br />
The si<strong>de</strong> making the complaint would<br />
then have the privIlege of monitoring the.<br />
operations in the otner country against such<br />
gr~ups. I.t wo~ld not however engage in<br />
JOll1t action aimed at eradicating these<br />
groups.<br />
.~his accord was specifically aimed at the<br />
mIlitants of the outlawecl Ku'-!istan W(lr~ers'<br />
Party (PKK), on the Turkish si<strong>de</strong> ariJthe<br />
activities of the Iranian Kurdistan Democracy<br />
Pcu:ty (IKDP) and the Mujahe<strong>de</strong>en<br />
Khalq orgal1lza~lOn, on the Iranian si<strong>de</strong>.<br />
.Althou~h USIl1 0 the term "joint action,"<br />
Prime Mll1ister Ôller's announcement on<br />
Tuesday appeared to be no more than a reference<br />
to the accord arrived at the technical<br />
level earlier in the month.<br />
Çiller's foreion policy adviser, Volkan<br />
Vural, later told reporters the two lea<strong>de</strong>rs<br />
121
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA<br />
STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
had agreed on Monday to coo~rate in Turkey's<br />
buk against the PKK.<br />
"The two si<strong>de</strong>s share a very close un<strong>de</strong>rstanding<br />
on terrorism and security," he said<br />
without any reference to the Mujahe<strong>de</strong>en<br />
Khalq or the IKDP.<br />
Vural also said the twa lea<strong>de</strong>rs <strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong>d to.<br />
exchange information for b<strong>et</strong>ter cooperation<br />
against terrorism and hold a me<strong>et</strong>ing at ministeriallevel<br />
soon.<br />
Iran has been pressin "Turkey. to crack<br />
down on supporters 0r the MUJahe<strong>de</strong>en'.<br />
Khalq and the IKDP in Turkey, but Ankara<br />
has announced no new measures on this to<br />
date.<br />
The issue of terrorism was also high on<br />
the agenda of Habibi's talks on Tuesday.<br />
with Parliamentary Speaker Hüsam<strong>et</strong>tin<br />
Cindoruk and Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Süleyman Demirel.<br />
Both men received the Iranian <strong>de</strong>puty presi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
separatelyon the second day of his official<br />
visit to Turkey .<br />
. During his me<strong>et</strong>ing with Cindoruk, Habibi<br />
reiterated what he had said on Monday<br />
. and indicated that they were against all<br />
. forms of terrorism.<br />
In various interviews with the Turkish<br />
press published on Tuesday. Habibi said<br />
they were perfectly aware of the evil of terronsm<br />
because they had suffered.from it for<br />
years. He also referred to their "havin¥,<br />
called on the world on countless occasions'<br />
because of this, only to see their cries fall<br />
on <strong>de</strong>af ears.<br />
Some analysts took tl'is as an indirect<br />
':01!1plaint about Turkey's allowin~ t.he âC-<br />
. tlvltles of the MUjahe<strong>de</strong>en Khalq on ItS territory.<br />
Turkey for its part has complained in the<br />
past about PKK camps in Iran and accused<br />
. Tehran of aiding this organization in various<br />
ways.<br />
• In a separate <strong>de</strong>velopment on Tuesday,<br />
, Murat Karayalçm, lea<strong>de</strong>r cif the junior coalition<br />
partner, the Social Democratic Peoples .<br />
. Party (SHP), and <strong>de</strong>puty prime minister, refused<br />
to me<strong>et</strong> Habibi. An ai<strong>de</strong> to Karayalçm confirmed reports<br />
that he had scrapped the me<strong>et</strong>ing because he was ups<strong>et</strong><br />
over Habibi's refusaI ta visit Atatürk's mausoleum, a customary<br />
procedure for visiting foreign lea<strong>de</strong>rs. . .<br />
Smce Iran's ]979 Islamic revolution, its lea<strong>de</strong>rs have refused<br />
to visit the tomb of the man who put Turkey into a secular<br />
mould and overturned the rule of Shariah, the Islamic<br />
religious and legal system which "O\'ems Iran.<br />
In recent years Turkey has swailowed its pri<strong>de</strong> and not insisted<br />
that Iranian lea<strong>de</strong>rs visit the mausoleum. but<br />
'Karayalçln's party (SHP) sees itself as a guardian of<br />
Atatürk's legacy.<br />
Y<strong>et</strong> there was little sign that Habibi's talks had been<br />
clou<strong>de</strong>d by Karayalçm'scancellation of his me<strong>et</strong>ing .with Habibi.<br />
.<br />
Following the announcement that Habibi had cancelled<br />
the last Ie!! of his visit to Turkey, during which was due to<br />
visit istanbul today, there were unconfirmed reports that the<br />
'Iranian si<strong>de</strong> had <strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong>d on this as a response to Karayalçm's<br />
.snub.<br />
Habibi's Press Conference .<br />
Addressing a press conference at the end of his official<br />
talks in Ankara on Tuesday Habibi refrained from responding<br />
to questions aboutterrorism in <strong>de</strong>lail.<br />
He SaId this was technical subject and recalled that there<br />
was a Joint Security Committee b<strong>et</strong>ween the 1\\'0 countries<br />
where these issues were discussed.<br />
Habibi also <strong>de</strong>nied that PKK militants infiltrated into Turkey<br />
from Iran.<br />
He acknowledged however there were militants based on<br />
the bor<strong>de</strong>r region b<strong>et</strong>ween Turkev. Iran and Iraq and said<br />
these militants filtered into Turkey over Iraq after travelling<br />
to there from the Iranian bor<strong>de</strong>r region.<br />
He said his country would be taking ad<strong>de</strong>d measures to<br />
prevent these movements.<br />
'.<br />
Habibi also <strong>de</strong>nied that Iran was acting as mediator b<strong>et</strong>ween<br />
Turkey and Syria in or<strong>de</strong>r for an early me<strong>et</strong>ing by the<br />
!hree countries to discuss Northern Iraq and other regIOnal<br />
Issues.<br />
Sources say Syria wants to link the terrorism issue __<br />
which Ankara is sensitive about 0- with the issue of regional<br />
waters -- which Damascus is sensitive about before such a<br />
me<strong>et</strong>ing is held ..Turkey refuses such a linkage saying the<br />
two are separate Issues .<br />
Habibi said that ail the Iranian Foreign Minister Ali Akbar<br />
Velay<strong>et</strong>i was doing in this context was to act as coordinator<br />
b<strong>et</strong>ween the Turkey and Syria in or<strong>de</strong>r to establish a date for<br />
the me<strong>et</strong>ing.<br />
Libération - 22 décembre 1993<br />
HAur-RHIN<br />
Le PKK soupçonné <strong>de</strong><br />
flammes meurtrières<br />
Un rack<strong>et</strong> kur<strong>de</strong> pourrait être à l'origine <strong>de</strong> la mort <strong>de</strong><br />
. six personnes il y aun mois à Mulhouse .<br />
.Strasbourg,correspondance<br />
R<br />
sur le palier du premier étage. L'expertise<br />
judiciaire rendue publique lundi<br />
u~iye, une fill<strong>et</strong>te <strong>de</strong> 3 ans, tout<br />
comme Ibrahim, 13 ans, Satie, 17 révèle une origine criminelle, <strong>de</strong> l'essence<br />
white spirit ayant été décelée à<br />
ans, Satilmis, 18 ans, <strong>et</strong> leurs parents,<br />
sont vraisemblablement morts l'origine du feu. Madame Marie-Christine<br />
Marchioni, juge d'instruction, a<br />
asphy)(iés dans la nuit du 20 au 21 novembre<br />
<strong>de</strong>rnier à Mulhouse, victimes aussitôt requalifié son dossier en incendie<br />
volontaire. Lés enquêteurs s'in-.<br />
du rack<strong>et</strong> révolutionnaire du PKK, le<br />
Parti communiste du Kurdistan. C<strong>et</strong>te téressent à I'hypothèse du rack<strong>et</strong> kur<strong>de</strong>.<br />
nuit-là, un incendie éclatait dans un immeuble<br />
vétuste du centre-ville <strong>de</strong> Mul-<br />
exploitant une épicerie au rez-<strong>de</strong>-<br />
En eff<strong>et</strong>, le propriétaire <strong>de</strong> l'immeuble,<br />
house, occupé par <strong>de</strong>s famille turques. chaussée <strong>et</strong> résidant au premier étage,<br />
Au <strong>de</strong>rnier étage, les pompiers <strong>de</strong>vaient<br />
r<strong>et</strong>rouver les six victimes, endie,<br />
avait aussitôt rappelé qu'il était en<br />
Bayram Gocurucu, la nuit <strong>de</strong> l'incentassées<br />
asphyx iées dans la même pièce. butte_aux militants kur<strong>de</strong>s du PKK qui<br />
Selon. toute probabilité, l'appartement l'avaient contacté pour prélever un im- .<br />
n'ayant pas été atteint par les flammes, . pôt révolutionnaire. Lui-même kur<strong>de</strong><br />
les oc
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASlN ÖZETi<br />
\. L P - \~l'ncl'I LlnCl'Prl"'l'- \. F. P - \~l'IIl'l' I LIIIIl' PI'l''-'l'- \. F. P - \~l'ncl'I rancl'Prl'''l'- \. F. P - \~l'IlCl'l'rancl'Prl'~'l'- \. F. P.<br />
FRA0306 4 16 0278 RFA /AFP-CP87<br />
Allemagne-Iran-France<br />
Meurtre <strong>de</strong> kur<strong>de</strong>s iraniens: la justice alleman<strong>de</strong> veut entendre un témoin dans<br />
l'affaire <strong>de</strong> l'assassinat <strong>de</strong> Chapour Bakhtiar<br />
BERLIN, 22 déc (AFP) - La justice alleman<strong>de</strong> a <strong>de</strong>mandé à la France <strong>de</strong> lui<br />
laisser auditionner un témoin dans l'affaire <strong>de</strong> l'assassinat à <strong>Paris</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />
l'ancien premier ministre iranien Chapour Bakhtiar, afin d'éclaircir les<br />
circonstances du meurtre en 1992 à Berlin <strong>de</strong> quatre dirigeants kur<strong>de</strong>s iraniens.<br />
Aucune indication n'a été fournie sur l'i<strong>de</strong>ntité du témoin.<br />
Le procureur fédéral Bruno Jost a indiqué à Berlin lors d'une audience du<br />
procès <strong>de</strong>s auteurs présumés du quadruple meurtre que le parqu<strong>et</strong> examine<br />
l'éventualité d'un lien entre c<strong>et</strong>te affaire <strong>et</strong> l'assassinat <strong>de</strong> M. Bakhtiar le<br />
6 aoat 1991, a-t-on appris mercredi <strong>de</strong> source judiciaire.<br />
Depuis le 28 octobre, cinq hommes, quatre Libanais <strong>et</strong> un Iranien,<br />
comparaissent à Berlin pour le meurtre <strong>de</strong> quatre responsables du parti<br />
démocratique du Kurdistan iranien -PDKI, illégal en Iran <strong>et</strong> en résistance<br />
ouverte contre<br />
Shara fkand i.<br />
le régime islamique- dont son secrétaire général Sa<strong>de</strong>gh<br />
Pour la première fois dans un pays occi<strong>de</strong>ntal, les services secr<strong>et</strong>s<br />
iraniens (Vevak) ont été dit'ectement mis en cause dans l'acte d'accusation du<br />
parqu<strong>et</strong> fédéral allemand, en charge <strong>de</strong>s affa~res <strong>de</strong> terrorisme.<br />
L'instruction du meurtre <strong>de</strong> Chapour Bakhtiar, poignardé en même temps que<br />
son secrétaire le 6 aoat<br />
déb'Jt novelllbt'e.<br />
1991 à Suresnes (Hauts-<strong>de</strong>-Seine) est terminée <strong>de</strong>puis<br />
Quatre personnes sont inculpées dans c<strong>et</strong>te affaire dont un secrétaire<br />
administratif à l'ambassa<strong>de</strong> d'Iran en Suisse. Sept autres personnes font<br />
l'ob:<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> mandats d'arrêt internationaux.<br />
fka/mfo<br />
AFP 221553 DEC 93<br />
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FRA0250 4 I 0196 IRK /AFP-BZll<br />
It'ak-Km'<strong>de</strong>s<br />
Au moins 22 tués lors d'affrontements inter-kur<strong>de</strong>s dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak<br />
ERBIL (Irak), 22 déc (AFP) - Vingt-<strong>de</strong>ux personnes au moins ont été tuées<br />
au cours <strong>de</strong>s trois <strong>de</strong>rniers jours lors d'affrontements entre formations kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak, qui se poursuivaient mercredi, a-t-on appt'is <strong>de</strong><br />
sources concordantes.<br />
Les combats, qui ont éclaté lundi, opposent l'Union Patriotique ~u .<br />
Kurdistan (UPK, <strong>de</strong> Jalal Talabani), une <strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>ux princ~pal!s formatlo~s qUI<br />
contrOlent le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak, <strong>et</strong> une organisation pro-IranIenne, la LIgue<br />
Islamique Kur<strong>de</strong> (LIK). .<br />
Les affrontements se déroulent notamment dans les localités <strong>de</strong> Halabja,<br />
Rania <strong>et</strong> Chamchamal, situées dans l'est du Kurdistan irakien, une t'égion<br />
ft'ontalièt'e<strong>de</strong> l'It'an, selon l'UPK. ., .<br />
Le principal axe routier <strong>de</strong> la t'égion, reliant les vIlles <strong>de</strong> Soulelmanleh<br />
<strong>et</strong> d'Et'bil, a été coupé, <strong>et</strong> le personnel <strong>de</strong> l'ONU a reçu ordre <strong>de</strong> ne pas se<br />
déplacer, a-t-on appris auprès <strong>de</strong>s ~rgani~ati~ns non-gouvernementales<br />
occi<strong>de</strong>ntales présentes dans le KurdIstan lt'aklen.<br />
Des gar<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> l'ONU sont déployés <strong>de</strong>puis 1991 dans c<strong>et</strong>te région pour y<br />
superviser l'acheminement <strong>de</strong> l'ai<strong>de</strong> internationale.<br />
ls-mch/bw<br />
AFP 221422 DEC 93<br />
123
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ-RNISTA<br />
STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
SOLIDARITE<br />
lia disparu, ilV a dix ans<br />
jâbbéi.t Rashid Shifki appartenait au cliin<br />
kYJ<strong>de</strong>ßaizani. n vivait avec sa famille<br />
dans tin complexé <strong>de</strong> réimplantation au ..<br />
, nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak, où on les avait obligés à se<br />
réinstaller dans les années 70, après les<br />
. avoir chassés <strong>de</strong> leur région.. ....<br />
... Au début du mois d'août 1983 i .les<br />
• f.orces irakiennes ont attaqué ces habi-.<br />
• tations; ln tine semaine; eUes ont raflé <strong>et</strong><br />
'. emm~rîé 8 000 hommes kur<strong>de</strong>s âgés <strong>de</strong>. 8<br />
:à .70 ans. jabbar Rashid Shifki était parmi<br />
..eux. Il avait,J 5 ans; C'était il y il dix ans:<br />
: On ne râ jamais revu. Ni vivant, ni mort:<br />
.il a ~'disparu". Cömmes'iI n'avait jamais<br />
: existé.<br />
. Devant <strong>de</strong>s disparitions" comme celleci,<br />
<strong>de</strong>vant <strong>de</strong>s assassinats politiques perpétrés<br />
par <strong>de</strong>s gouvernements, nous<br />
;n'avoil& pas le droit <strong>de</strong> nous taire. Vous<br />
. pouvez refuser la résignation <strong>et</strong> l'oubli.<br />
Vous pouvez personnellement agir pour<br />
exiger la vérité sur la "disparition" <strong>de</strong><br />
: jabbar Rashid. Shifki.<br />
" UNOUS suffit <strong>de</strong> renvoyer la carte pos-<br />
.taleque vous trouvérez, auprès d'Am-.<br />
: Jlestylnternêi;tiona'i' a\Q'a\!torités ira-<br />
;'kiennes. "'. :'.. ,...' ....~, ..~.
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASLN ÖZETi<br />
Thursday. December 23. /993<br />
turkish daily news<br />
Crisis erupts over resignations in Democracy Party<br />
Despite DEP arguments to the contrary, two <strong>de</strong>puties reporled to have resigned, two others are IlOt even DEP members<br />
TDN Parli:!Ill
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Syria may use Armenian card<br />
PKK<br />
Turkish Daily New.,<br />
AN KARA- Recent speculation that, un<strong>de</strong>r pi<strong>et</strong>e embargo on Armenia. an~J1l!i' no .iipln- on<br />
pressure from Damascus. the .outlaw~d Kurdi- matic ties with the country. Turkish contacts<br />
stan Workers' Party (PKK) IS geanng up to with Armenia only take place on a multilateral<br />
move its headquarters from Syna to Armenia, level and are limited to such things as the<br />
is suspected in Turkey of being disinfonnation Black Sea J;conomic Cooperation scheme,<br />
to ease Turkey's own pressure on that country CSCE and the North Atlantic Cooperation<br />
to <strong>de</strong>al with the terrorists.<br />
Council.<br />
Unconfirmed reeorts, coming from Middle With Syria, however, Turkey has strong bi-<br />
East sources, have It that PKK lea<strong>de</strong>r Abdullah lateralties and there is consi<strong>de</strong>rable U.S. pres-<br />
Öcalan has felt the Syrian grip on his organiza- sure on that country as well. Official sources in<br />
tion tightening up and is now seeking a b<strong>et</strong>ter . Ankara suspect that the message given via<br />
base for the movement. speculation on the PKK lea<strong>de</strong>rship's intention<br />
Through his own contacts wit.h Arm~nians i.n to move is that if Syria is further pressurized,<br />
Syria and Lebanon, sources claimed, Ocalan IS !uïkey may lose any indirect control it has on<br />
currently making arrangements. to' base the this organization ..<br />
Rt\K in l':\O."(k,h areas of Armel1la where the In other words, the message could be that if<br />
organizatIOn' has Increasing mass support. Turkish pressure goes too far and the Syrian's<br />
Observers here suspect that such reports aim g<strong>et</strong> more disturbed over Ankara's tightening<br />
at putting Turkey's policy with regard to Syria grip, it could send the PKK off to a country<br />
off track and forcing it to case its pressure on where it will flourish freely. If the PKK is<br />
the PKK. based in Armenia, it would be literally impossi-<br />
Recently, Turkish officials signed a security -hie to preYl~nt ils organizational acprotocol<br />
with the Syrians, accepting the ex- . .. h . I 1 I k f d' I<br />
change of terrorists and the extradition of.draft tmtles t ere wit l t le ac' 0 Ip 0- .<br />
malic contact.<br />
dodgers. A majority of PKK militants are Meanwhile. security sources on<br />
known to be draft eva<strong>de</strong>rs. S):ria also f.ua~an- Tuesday <strong>de</strong>nied a report which apteed<br />
it would not allow terronst orgal1lzatlons peared as a banner story in the<br />
to use its territories. Turkey observes a com- Turkish daily Hürriy<strong>et</strong> and said<br />
there had been no contact b<strong>et</strong>ween<br />
the National Intelligence Organization<br />
(MIT) and the Syrian secr<strong>et</strong><br />
service, Mohabarat.<br />
Hürriy<strong>et</strong> claimed in its report thaI<br />
two MIT officers had secr<strong>et</strong>ly travelled<br />
to Damascus last week and<br />
were taken to the house where PKK<br />
lea<strong>de</strong>r Ahdullah Öca13n liled The<br />
~epQrt said the agents.,saw sOllleon~<br />
In the gar<strong>de</strong>n \\ho looked lIke.<br />
.Öcalan but could not be sure. It also<br />
noted that it was not clear wh<strong>et</strong>her<br />
the PKK lea<strong>de</strong>r was un<strong>de</strong>r custody<br />
or only protected very closely. The<br />
Syrians reportedly claimed he was<br />
<strong>de</strong>tained. An intelligence source,<br />
\\'ho asked not to be I<strong>de</strong>ntified, told<br />
the Turkish Daily News that no one<br />
from MIT had visited Svria recently<br />
for the said pUl-pose. He said "the<br />
scenario" <strong>de</strong>scnbed in the paper<br />
was not possible "since such relations<br />
do not exist b<strong>et</strong>ween our service<br />
and theirs."<br />
Turkey and Iran sign accord for<br />
expanding their economic ties<br />
. Turkish Daily News<br />
AN KARA- Iranian First Vice Presi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
Hassan Habibi's official visit to Turkey as<br />
the guest of Prime Minister Tansu Çlller<br />
en<strong>de</strong>d on a high note on Wednesday with<br />
the si<strong>de</strong>s signing<br />
standing covering<br />
a memorandum of un<strong>de</strong>r-<br />
a broad range of subjects<br />
in the field of economic cooperation.<br />
According to the accord Turkey will buy<br />
up to four million tons of cru<strong>de</strong> oil from Iran<br />
in 1994.<br />
. The political will to cooperate a~~inst terrorism,<br />
a key agenda item of the nigh level<br />
talks in Ankara b<strong>et</strong>ween Turkey and Iran,<br />
was also reemphasized by the si<strong>de</strong>s just<br />
prior to Habibi's <strong>de</strong>parture for his country.<br />
Addressing a joint press conference with<br />
Habibi at Ankara's Esenboga airport, Prime<br />
Minister Tansu Çiller told reporters that they<br />
had arrived at an important un<strong>de</strong>rstanding<br />
with the Iranian First Vice Presi<strong>de</strong>nt concerning<br />
the subject of securing the bor<strong>de</strong>r<br />
b<strong>et</strong>ween the two countries.<br />
Un<strong>de</strong>rlining the contribution this would<br />
make to the fight against terrorism, Çiller<br />
expressed her "<strong>de</strong>ep satisfaction" at this outcome<br />
and s.aid she expected positive results<br />
126<br />
to come out of this withina shortspace of<br />
time.<br />
Un<strong>de</strong>r an accord b<strong>et</strong>ween the two countries,<br />
announced earlier, Iran's security forces<br />
will prevent, separatist militants from the<br />
outlawed Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK)<br />
from operating against'Turkey on ils territory.<br />
Turkey will also he able to observe any.<br />
~ecurity operations against the rebels although<br />
it will not participate<br />
. operations:<br />
actively in these<br />
Emphasizing that an important portion of<br />
her talks with Habibi had concentrated on economic<br />
cooperation issues Çiller said that the<br />
ministers and technicians from both si<strong>de</strong>s<br />
had worked very hard over the past two days<br />
to draw the outhnes of this cooperation.<br />
She said that according to the memorandum<br />
of un<strong>de</strong>rstanding signed at the airport<br />
before Habibi's <strong>de</strong>parture agreementhad<br />
been reached for Turkey to purchase three to<br />
.four million tons of cru<strong>de</strong> oil over thenext<br />
year.<br />
Çiller ad<strong>de</strong>d that the <strong>de</strong>tails of this purchase.<br />
would be worked out by offici~!s from<br />
the Turkish p<strong>et</strong>roleum comp~ny TUPRA~<br />
and the Iranian<br />
ny.<br />
National P<strong>et</strong>roleum Compa-<br />
She said that these negotiations weuld also<br />
brin~ to the agenda the possibility of bartering<br />
1urkish goods in r<strong>et</strong>urn for the oil to be<br />
purchased from Iran. .<br />
According to information provi<strong>de</strong>d by<br />
Ciller at the joint press conference some of<br />
the items incorporated in the memorandum<br />
of un<strong>de</strong>rstanding are as follows: .<br />
• The purchase by Turkey of mûre cru<strong>de</strong><br />
oil.than planned from Iran at world prices in<br />
r<strong>et</strong>urn for exports to Iran. .<br />
• The transportation of Iranian natural gas<br />
to Turkey by means of a pipeline and by<br />
tankers as liquefied natural gas. A working<br />
group will be s<strong>et</strong> up to study this issue.<br />
Agreement has also been reached for the<br />
Turkish pipeline company BOTA~ to partici-'<br />
pate in talks aimed at working out means of'<br />
transporting Iranian oil by means of pipeline<br />
to Europe.<br />
• The increase of the volume of bor<strong>de</strong>r.<br />
tra<strong>de</strong> b<strong>et</strong>ween the two countries to the level<br />
of $50 million.<br />
• Unqin<strong>de</strong>red access for the two countries
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE lA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
over each orners territory for transit overland.<br />
transportation. The will be vali
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE lA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Le Mon<strong>de</strong> • Jeudi 23 décembre<br />
1993 •<br />
IRAK<br />
Les membres du Conseil <strong>de</strong> sécurité<br />
sont divisés sur la levée<br />
<strong>de</strong> .l'embargo pétrolier imposé à Bagdad<br />
Contrairement al ce que laissaient<br />
entendre <strong>de</strong>s informations .<br />
<strong>de</strong> la' presse américaine, ,la<br />
France est fermement décidée,<br />
vis-i-vis <strong>de</strong> l'Irak, i s'en tenir<br />
au régime <strong>de</strong> sanctions « tel<br />
qu'il a été fIXéII par les résolutions<br />
du Conseil <strong>de</strong> sécurité <strong>de</strong><br />
, l'ONU. Parii, nous a expliqué<br />
'l'ambassa<strong>de</strong>ur <strong>de</strong> France i<br />
l'ONU, Jean-Bernard Mérimée,<br />
respectera i la l<strong>et</strong>tre la résolution<br />
887 du Conseil <strong>de</strong> sécudté.<br />
NEW-YORK(Nationsunies)<br />
<strong>de</strong> notre<br />
correspondante<br />
'Dans un article' publié<br />
dimanche 19 décembre, le New<br />
York Times indiquait que quatre<br />
membres permanents du<br />
Conseil <strong>de</strong> sécurité, la France, la<br />
Gran<strong>de</strong>-Br<strong>et</strong>agne, les Etats-Unis<br />
<strong>et</strong> la Rusl!ie, étaient convenus<br />
d'un <br />
0><br />
~<br />
~<br />
.0<br />
EQ)<br />
.~<br />
'0<br />
LO<br />
N<br />
w<br />
Cl<br />
Z<br />
o<br />
~<br />
Ẉ ..J<br />
TURQUIE<br />
Arrestation<br />
<strong>et</strong> inculpation<br />
<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux responsables<br />
d'un quotidien pro-kur<strong>de</strong><br />
Deux responsables du qUOtidien<br />
turc pro-kur<strong>de</strong> Ozgur Gun<strong>de</strong>m, le<br />
rédacteur en chef Gurb<strong>et</strong>eIli Ersoz<br />
<strong>et</strong> l'un <strong>de</strong>s directeurs Ali Riza Halis,<br />
ont été placés en état d'arrestation<br />
jeudi 23 décembre à Istanbul, sur<br />
décision <strong>de</strong> fa Cour <strong>de</strong> sOr<strong>et</strong>é <strong>de</strong><br />
"Etat, <strong>et</strong> inculpés d' « appartenance<br />
à une ban<strong>de</strong> arm6e». Une commission<br />
parlementaire a <strong>de</strong>mandé jeudi.<br />
la .levée <strong>de</strong> l'immunité <strong>de</strong> quatre<br />
députés du Parti démocratique<br />
(DEP, principal parti pro-kur<strong>de</strong>) qui<br />
risquent d'être inculpés pour sédi-<br />
.tion. Un journaliste allemand, Stefan<br />
Waldberg, condamné en janvier<br />
à trois ans <strong>et</strong> neuf mois <strong>de</strong><br />
prison pour «coop6ration» avec<br />
les séparatistes du Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs<br />
du Kurdistan (PKK) a été.<br />
gracié par le prési<strong>de</strong>nt Suleyman<br />
.Demirel, à la suite d'une expertise<br />
médicale selon laquelle il souffre<br />
d'une «psychose chronique »,<br />
a-t-on appris jeudi.<br />
Enfin, 150 intellectuels kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
venus du mon<strong>de</strong> entier ont entamé<br />
à Bonn une marche <strong>de</strong> douze jours<br />
vers Bruxelles pour protester contre<br />
la «politique <strong>de</strong> massacres}) <strong>de</strong><br />
la Turquie. - (AFP, Reuter.)<br />
.,<br />
128
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REvIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RMSTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Demirel says Özgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m is the PKK<br />
tMSET: What happened to Özgür<br />
Gün<strong>de</strong>m seems to be an outstandIng<br />
example of press freedoms. What do you<br />
have to say about this?<br />
DEMtREL: I'll give you the note<br />
which has been given to me with r.egard<br />
to the search conducted at Ozgür<br />
Gün<strong>de</strong>m. Can you <strong>de</strong>fend this? No one<br />
can <strong>de</strong>fend this:<br />
Accordj.ng to telephone c~nv~rsatio.ns<br />
b<strong>et</strong>ween Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m EdItor In ChIef<br />
Gurb<strong>et</strong>elli Ersöz and PKK European representative<br />
Mustafa Karasu (co<strong>de</strong> named<br />
Hüseyin) as weil as Faysal DumlaYlcl,<br />
who is making press statements un<strong>de</strong>r the<br />
name of Kani Yllmaz as the ERNK representative<br />
(recor<strong>de</strong>d with permission from<br />
the public prosecutors office), information<br />
bas been obtained that the newspaper<br />
is compl<strong>et</strong>ely affiliated to the PKK.<br />
Un<strong>de</strong>r a <strong>de</strong>cIsion taken by the State<br />
S.ecurity Court, a search was conduc!~ of<br />
Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m and the Zagros pnntlllg<br />
house, and it revealed the bloodstained<br />
diary and the bull<strong>et</strong>-riddled i<strong>de</strong>ntification<br />
card of private Muzaffer U1usata. who<br />
was martyred on Mârch 9, 1993, in a<br />
clash with terrorists in the Fllldlldl district<br />
ofSlrnak.<br />
this is what has been found.<br />
Documents sho~ing that articles written<br />
by Abdullah Ocalan were published<br />
un<strong>de</strong>r the name Ali FIrat. Documents<br />
which show that all of the executives of<br />
the newspaper are appointed by the PKK<br />
and are people known in the past to have<br />
carried out executive duties III the PKK<br />
organization. In fact, Editor in Chief<br />
Gurb<strong>et</strong>elli Ersöz is known to have been<br />
the Çukurova regional PKK executive in<br />
the past. An ERNK invoice of 400 million<br />
liras which shows that donations<br />
have been collected for the PKK.<br />
Now you are calling this a newspaper<br />
office and write: "Today them, tomorrow<br />
us." Can you <strong>de</strong>fend this?<br />
ÇEVtK: But we are not <strong>de</strong>fending<br />
this. Sir, when you were prime minister,<br />
we wrote about these things and said<br />
them. Especially then there were or<strong>de</strong>rs<br />
being received from the PKK. We were<br />
even ma<strong>de</strong> into a targ<strong>et</strong>.<br />
turkish daily news - December 24, 1993<br />
DEMtREL: What is Özgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m<br />
for you that you show it as an example<br />
for <strong>de</strong>mocracy in Turkey?<br />
ÇEVtK: But sir, som<strong>et</strong>hing done to<br />
one place could be done to another<br />
tomorrow. I am talking not only about<br />
what has been done to a newspaper. This<br />
has been done even to you.<br />
DEMtREL: No sir, I was neither an<br />
arsonist...<br />
ÇEVtK:<br />
But they did it <strong>de</strong>spite this!<br />
DEMtREL: They did nothing to me.<br />
What did the man do to me? He forced<br />
me to stay in my house. Did I stay in my<br />
house? I broke through the walls and<br />
came out. I had neither a gun, nor a knife<br />
nor anything else. I was only right. I<br />
mean this man is going to collect money<br />
for the PKK, and the same PKK will go<br />
and massacre 29 innocent citizens in the<br />
Sündüz plateau. It will kill so many soldiers<br />
and then what is being done? What<br />
else can be done?<br />
turkish daily news - December 25, 1993<br />
At least 18said killed in Iraqi Kurdish clashes<br />
'It's a ven<strong>de</strong>tta which started a few months ago and seemed to have s<strong>et</strong>tled down but has now erupted again'<br />
By Alistair Lyon<br />
The PUK then r<strong>et</strong>aliated with an attack which ber of the now-dissolved Kurdish Socialist Party.<br />
Reuters<br />
killed four KIP members in the nearby town of named Mohammed Hajji Mahmoud.<br />
ANKARA- Clashes in northern Iraq b<strong>et</strong>ween rivai<br />
Iraq} Kurdish groups have killed atleast 18 Five PIK fighters and three PUK men, includ-<br />
six woun<strong>de</strong>d in a shootout in Suleymaniya earlier<br />
Khoi Sanjak.<br />
Dizayee said three people had been killed and<br />
people In the past few days, a Kurdish official ing a major named Karzan, were killed in clashes this month b<strong>et</strong>ween government forces and Mahmoud's<br />
men, whom he said were backed by Iran.<br />
said on Friday.<br />
on Thursday in the mountainous Haybat Sultan<br />
Safeen Dizayee, Ankara-based representative of area b<strong>et</strong>ween Khoi Sanjak and Suleymaniya. Kurds gained control of a big swathe of northern<br />
the Kurdish Democratic Party (KDP), said the Clashes b<strong>et</strong>ween the two groups have also been Iraq afterthe 1991 GulfWar.<br />
KDP would mediate b<strong>et</strong>ween the Kurdish Islamic reported in Chamchamal on the Suleymaniya-Kirlaik<br />
road, and in Shaqlawa. KDP lea<strong>de</strong>r Massoud have protected them from Iraqi government forc-<br />
Since then Western warplanes based in Turkey<br />
Party (KIP) and the leftist Patriotic Union of Kurdistan<br />
(PUK) if the two si<strong>de</strong>s agreed to a ceasefire.<br />
"It's a ven<strong>de</strong>tta which started a few months billast Saturday and agreed to form an eight-man The Turkish Cabin<strong>et</strong> agreed on Thursday to ask<br />
Barzani and PUK lea<strong>de</strong>r lalal Talabani m<strong>et</strong> in Ires.<br />
ago and seemed to have s<strong>et</strong>tled down but has now security committee comprising themselves, the Parliament to renew for a further six months the<br />
erupted again," he told Reuters. "Both si<strong>de</strong>s are head of the regional government, the parliament mandate of the Western force, known as Operation<br />
Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort Two.<br />
on the alert." The fundamentalist KIP, said to speaker and two other leading members of the<br />
have links with both Iran and Saudi Arabia, has KOP and PUK with a mandate to enforce the rule The United States, Britain and France have protested<br />
to Iraq about an inci<strong>de</strong>nt on Tuesday in<br />
long refused to integrate its forces within the united<br />
peshmerga army s<strong>et</strong> up by the regional Kurd-<br />
The two men, who command large followin~s which they said Iraqi soldiers tired on a patrol of<br />
oflaw.<br />
ish government which holds sway in northern in northern Iraq, urged "the resolul1on of all dIfferences<br />
and problems through brotherly ways sonnel in a four-vehicle convoy in northern Iraq.<br />
25 U.S. British, French, Kurdish and Turkish per-<br />
Iraq. Dizayee said the clashes began after the burial<br />
of a KIP man in the Northeastern town of Raniya<br />
four days ago. KIP fighters stormed a PUK That move was prompted by an attack on governquences<br />
if its troops fired again al an international<br />
and political means and (without) use of arms". They warned Iraq of unspecified serious conse-<br />
office in the town, killing five PUK members. ment forces by fighters loyal to a renega<strong>de</strong> mem-<br />
patrol.<br />
129
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RIVISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE lA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Turkish Probe November 25, 1993<br />
5<br />
Middle East Peace is Key<br />
to Turco-Syrian Dispute<br />
Murat Y<strong>et</strong>kin<br />
The<br />
Middle East peace process is playing an<br />
increasingly important role in the search for a<br />
solution to the dispute b<strong>et</strong>ween Turkey and its<br />
southern neighbor Syria over Kurdish secessionism.<br />
Kurdish secessionism is the leading problem the<br />
Turkish government has to solve, and Ankara has<br />
been accusing Syria of sheltering the lea<strong>de</strong>rs of the<br />
Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) since the early<br />
1980s.<br />
Two security protocols were signed b<strong>et</strong>ween the<br />
Turkish and Syrian governments in 1987 and 1992,<br />
stating that neither country will permit subversive activities<br />
against each other from their own territory.<br />
A new protocol was ad<strong>de</strong>d to the former ones on<br />
Nov. 20, 1993, at the end of three days of me<strong>et</strong>ings<br />
in Ankara with Maj. Gen. Badr AI-Hassan, the head<br />
of the security <strong>de</strong>sk at the Syrian Interior Ministry.<br />
Observers have voiced their doubts as to wh<strong>et</strong>her<br />
this third protocol will work. Moreover, they say that<br />
the protocol is Damascus' favor to Ankara to save<br />
the domestic credibility of the government -- a new<br />
opportunity for the prime minister to promote the effectiveness<br />
of the government in working' against<br />
Kurdish secessionism. They claim that sheltering<br />
armed groups active in the Middle East is a major<br />
"and perhaps the main" factor in Syrian foreign policy,<br />
and the Hafez AI-Assad regime is in no way inclined<br />
to give it up so easily.<br />
There is truth to this approach since Ankara has<br />
heard nothing but categorical <strong>de</strong>nial from Damascus<br />
on the presence of PKK lea<strong>de</strong>rship in Syria, <strong>de</strong>spite<br />
firm evi<strong>de</strong>nce -- addresses and telephone numbers<br />
of PKK lea<strong>de</strong>r Abdullah Öcalan in Damascus -- presented<br />
in person by former Prime Minister Süleyman<br />
Demirel to Assad in late 1992.<br />
The fourth round of the tripartite talks b<strong>et</strong>ween Turkey,<br />
Syria and Iran on regional security malters and<br />
Iraq, which was to be held on Nov. 25 in Ankara, has<br />
been qui<strong>et</strong>ly canceled because of Syrian reluctance<br />
to me<strong>et</strong>.<br />
But it seems that neither Ankara nor Tehran is<br />
complaining about not having the talks at the scheduled<br />
time. There are two main reasons for this: First,<br />
all three countries want to solve more problems at<br />
the bilateral and technicallevels before having tripartite<br />
and general talks in which foreign ministers are<br />
to express their political wills in one direction or another.<br />
Secondly, they all want to see what is going to<br />
happen in the Middle East peace process as regards<br />
Syria's role.<br />
December is Awaited: The next month is 8'l
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN OZETÎ<br />
Turquie<br />
Députés <strong>et</strong> journalistes kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
sous la menace<br />
~<br />
0'1-<br />
Quatre élus du Parti <strong>de</strong><br />
la démocratie risquent<br />
la peine <strong>de</strong> mort. Un<br />
j(luTl..a1d'Istanbul est<br />
suspendu: Leur crime<br />
est <strong>de</strong> dénoncer la<br />
répression <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> prôner<br />
une solution politique.<br />
LA commission <strong>de</strong> la<br />
Constitution <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la Justice<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'Assemblée nationale<br />
turque a <strong>de</strong>mandé,<br />
jeudi, la levée <strong>de</strong> l'immunité<br />
parlementaire <strong>de</strong> quatre <strong>de</strong>s députés<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s du Parti <strong>de</strong> la démocratie<br />
(DEP). Leur groupe<br />
comprenait dix-huit élus jusqu'à<br />
l'assassinat <strong>de</strong> Mehm<strong>et</strong> Sincar,<br />
le 4 septembre <strong>de</strong>rnier, par un<br />
escadron <strong>de</strong> la mort.<br />
Hatip Diele, le prési<strong>de</strong>nt du<br />
parti, Leyla lana, Ahm<strong>et</strong> Turk<br />
<strong>et</strong> Mahmut Alinak risquent<br />
d'être inculpés <strong>de</strong> sédition <strong>et</strong><br />
passibles <strong>de</strong> la peine capitale. Le<br />
procureur <strong>de</strong> la Cour <strong>de</strong> sûr<strong>et</strong>é<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'Etat d'Ankara entend en<br />
poursuivre un cinquième que la<br />
commission parlementaire a,<br />
pour l'instant, refusé <strong>de</strong> sanctionner.<br />
Depuis leur élection en 1991,<br />
les Kur<strong>de</strong>s sont en butte à l'hostilité<br />
<strong>de</strong>s autres membres <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Assemblée. Gens <strong>de</strong> droite ou<br />
sociaux-démocrates, les députés<br />
font tous assaut <strong>de</strong> nationalisme.<br />
Ils refusent un règlement<br />
politique <strong>de</strong> la question kur<strong>de</strong><br />
que préconise le DEP. rintimidation<br />
n'ayant pas réussi à les<br />
faire taire, le pouvoir les accuse<br />
d'appartenir au Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs<br />
du Kurdistan (PKK),<br />
qui anime la lutte armée dans le<br />
sud-est <strong>de</strong> l'Anatolie.<br />
Les quatre élus menacés nient<br />
catégoriquement tout lien avec<br />
le PKK. Lors du congrès du<br />
DEP qui, ce mois-ci, l'a élu à sa<br />
prési<strong>de</strong>nce, Hatip Diele a néanmoins<br />
souligné l'évi<strong>de</strong>nte représentativité<br />
du PKK. Ces propos<br />
raisonnables sont jugés par le<br />
gouvernement <strong>de</strong> M'" Tansu Ciller,<br />
le prési<strong>de</strong>nt Souleyman Demirel<br />
<strong>et</strong> l'état-major militaire<br />
comme la preuve évi<strong>de</strong>nte d'une<br />
activité subversive <strong>et</strong> terroriste.<br />
« Notre pays est transformé<br />
en un bain <strong>de</strong> sang. Chaque<br />
jour, <strong>de</strong>s dizaines <strong>de</strong> personnes<br />
sont assassinées », déclarait, le<br />
23 novembre <strong>de</strong>rnier. à <strong>Paris</strong>,<br />
Sirri Sakik .. député du DEP,<br />
venu, à l'invitation <strong>de</strong> la Ligue<br />
<strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme, témoigner<br />
avec son collègue Sedat<br />
Yurtdas <strong>de</strong> la répression saue<br />
vage exercée par l'Etat turc. En<br />
plus <strong>de</strong> Mehm<strong>et</strong> Sincar, huit autres<br />
dirigeants du DEP ont été<br />
tués <strong>de</strong>puis juin <strong>de</strong>rnier par les<br />
militaires. Quarante-sept autres<br />
membres <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te formation<br />
- interdite au printemps <strong>de</strong>rnier<br />
sous le nom <strong>de</strong> Parti du<br />
travail du peuple <strong>et</strong> à nouveau<br />
légale sous l'appellation <strong>de</strong><br />
Parti <strong>de</strong> la démocratie - ont<br />
été exécutés par les tueurs à la<br />
sol<strong>de</strong> d'Ankara.<br />
La Cour <strong>de</strong> sûr<strong>et</strong>é <strong>de</strong> l'Etat<br />
d'Istanbul a ordonné, jeudi, la<br />
ferm<strong>et</strong>ure pendant quinze jours<br />
du quotidien « Ozgur Gun<strong>de</strong>m<br />
», qui exprime le point <strong>de</strong><br />
vue <strong>de</strong> la communauté kur<strong>de</strong>.<br />
Le rédacteur en chef <strong>et</strong> le directeur<br />
<strong>de</strong> la publication ont été<br />
inculpés. Six autres membres du<br />
personnel sont encore détenus.<br />
Depuis le début <strong>de</strong> sa parution,<br />
en avril 1992, ce journal, distribué<br />
à 30.000 exemplaires environ,<br />
a été saisi <strong>de</strong>ux cents fois,<br />
poursuivi soixante-dix fois <strong>et</strong><br />
frappé d'amen<strong>de</strong>s s'élevant à <strong>de</strong>s<br />
millions <strong>de</strong> livres turques. Seize<br />
<strong>de</strong> ses journalistes <strong>et</strong> distributeurs<br />
ont été assassinés. Quatre<br />
<strong>de</strong> ses directeurs successifs sont<br />
emprisonnés. Le pouvoir lui reproche,<br />
c<strong>et</strong>te fois-ci, d'avoir publié<br />
une interview d'Abdallah<br />
Ocalan, le principal dirigeant<br />
du PKK. De là à présenter<br />
« Ozgur Gun<strong>de</strong>n » comme l'organe<br />
du parti qualifié <strong>de</strong> terroriste,<br />
il n'y avait qu'un pas, aisément<br />
franchi par la justice<br />
turque. rétat-major exige que<br />
le journal soit interdit.<br />
Un journal<br />
appelle à l'ai<strong>de</strong><br />
A la suite <strong>de</strong> la perquisition menée<br />
le 10 décembre <strong>de</strong>rnier au<br />
siège central du quotidien « Ozgur<br />
Gun<strong>de</strong>m », à Istanbul, <strong>et</strong><br />
dans ses bureaux <strong>de</strong> province,<br />
l'équipe rédactionnelle, <strong>de</strong>s<br />
journalistes <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s écrivains<br />
connus en Turquie ont lancé un<br />
appel à l'ai<strong>de</strong> à leurs collègues<br />
européens. Ils leur proposent :<br />
- <strong>de</strong> venir travailler quelque<br />
temps à la rédaction du<br />
journal menacé <strong>de</strong> ferm<strong>et</strong>ure;<br />
- d'envoyer <strong>de</strong>s articles<br />
contre toute forme d'atteinte à<br />
la liberté <strong>de</strong> la presse qui seront<br />
publiés par le quotidien d'Istanbul;<br />
- <strong>de</strong> dénoncer dans leur~<br />
journaux les atteintes aux droits<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'homme en Turquie.<br />
La suspension d'« Ozgul<br />
Gun<strong>de</strong>m », l'inculpation <strong>de</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong>ux <strong>de</strong>s dirigeants <strong>de</strong> la rédaction,<br />
1£ maintien en gar<strong>de</strong> à vue<br />
<strong>de</strong> plusieurs <strong>de</strong> ses employés ren<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
c<strong>et</strong>te ai<strong>de</strong> encore plus urgente.<br />
131
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA<br />
STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZET;<br />
A.F.I~ - Agèncefrance Presse-A.FP. - AgenceFrancePresse-A.EI~ - ,\gence FrancePresse-A.EP - ,\gellte france Presse-A ..EI~<br />
FRA0150 4 GI 0149 FRA /AFP-PR56<br />
Di v<strong>et</strong>~s-Kut~<strong>de</strong>s<br />
Manifestation en faveur <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s èIvry-sur-Seine (Val-<strong>de</strong>-Marne)<br />
IVRY-SUR-SEINE, 25 déc (AFP) - Environ 2.000 personnes ont participé,<br />
samedi apt~ès-ri1idl,le jOUt~ <strong>de</strong> Noël, à une manifestation en favem~ du "Peuple<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>" sous un chapiteau à Ivry-sur-Seine (Val-<strong>de</strong>-Marne) avec le soutien <strong>de</strong> la<br />
municipalité co~muniste.<br />
. Ce rassemblement était organisé par le MRAP (Mouvement contre le racisme<br />
<strong>et</strong> l'amitié eritre les peuples) SOS Racisme <strong>et</strong> le Croissant rouge du Kurdistan.<br />
Jean Bellanger, responsable <strong>de</strong> la CGT pour l'immigration, a indiqué que<br />
selon lui, "il est bon <strong>de</strong> t~appel<strong>et</strong>~qu'il n' y a nulle<br />
associations km~<strong>de</strong>s, <strong>de</strong> place pOUt~ la célébt~ation <strong>de</strong><br />
pat~t, pom~ les<br />
leut~s fêtes en Ft~ance".<br />
Le responsable <strong>de</strong> l~ CGT a fustigé également les "mesures expéditives <strong>de</strong><br />
Charles Pasqua qui ten<strong>de</strong>nt à faire accréditer l'idée que tous les Kur<strong>de</strong>s sont<br />
<strong>de</strong>s t<strong>et</strong>~t~cn~istes".<br />
jpd/chb<br />
AFP 251916 DEC 93<br />
A. E I~ - Agencel.'rancePresse-A. F I~ - AgenceFrance Presse-A. F P. - \gence FrancePresse-A. E I~ - AgenceFrance Presse-A. F P.<br />
FRA0093 4 I 0202 TUR /AFP-QXI9<br />
T'.wq'.d e-KI.w<strong>de</strong>s<br />
133 rebelles kllr<strong>de</strong>s tués <strong>de</strong>puis le début du mois, selon le ministre <strong>de</strong><br />
l' Int ét'iem'<br />
ISTANBUL, 26 déc (AFP) - 133 rebelles kur<strong>de</strong>s ont été tués lors<br />
d'opérations <strong>de</strong>s forces <strong>de</strong> l'ordre effectuées <strong>de</strong>puis le début du mois <strong>de</strong><br />
décembre, dans l'Est <strong>et</strong> le Sud-Est <strong>de</strong> la Turquie, a indiqué dimanche le<br />
ministre turc <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur, Nahit Mentese, cité par l'agence Anatolie.<br />
Au COI.WS <strong>de</strong> ces opét~ations, 84 "ten'ot~istes" (t<strong>et</strong>~me officielle désignant<br />
les rebelles kur<strong>de</strong>s) ont été arrêtés <strong>et</strong> 381 fusils automatiques, 157<br />
pistol<strong>et</strong>s, 7 lance-roqu<strong>et</strong>tes<br />
mêmes sources, qui n'ont pas<br />
<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux mortiers ont été<br />
fait état <strong>de</strong> pertes dans<br />
saisis, a-t-on ajouté <strong>de</strong><br />
les rangs <strong>de</strong>s forces <strong>de</strong><br />
l'ot~dt~e.<br />
Selon une compilation <strong>de</strong> l'AFP à partir <strong>de</strong> chiffres officielles, 10<br />
soldats <strong>et</strong> 17 civils ont été tués <strong>de</strong>puis le début du mois <strong>de</strong> décembre dans <strong>de</strong>s<br />
inci<strong>de</strong>nts en relation avec la rébellion kur<strong>de</strong>.<br />
Au moins 10.645 personnes (civils, membres <strong>de</strong>s forces <strong>de</strong> l'ordre,<br />
rebelles) ont été tuées, selon une compilation <strong>de</strong> l'AFP, <strong>de</strong>puis que le Pa~ti<br />
<strong>de</strong>s Travailleurs du Kurdistan (PKK, séparatiste) a déclenché en 1984 une lutte<br />
armée contre le pouvoir centrale d'Ankara dans le Sud-Est anatolien à majoritj<br />
kut'<strong>de</strong>.<br />
KG/bm/bt~<br />
AFP 261325 DEC 93<br />
132<br />
'MAlllFESTATIoN'EN'FAVEUR DIS .<br />
.KURDES DANS LE VAL-DE-MARNE<br />
. . .<br />
Environ 2.000 personnes ont participé, hier après-midi,Je<br />
j~; <strong>de</strong> No4!l, à. une manifestation en faveur du -Peuple .<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>- sous un chapiteau à Ivry-sur-Seine da"s le Val-<strong>de</strong>-<br />
Mame avec le sOutien <strong>de</strong> la municipalit~ communiste. Ce .<br />
rassemblement ~tait organisé par 'e.èfRAP (Mouvement<br />
contre 'e racisme <strong>et</strong> l'amitié entre 'es peuples) SOS Racisme<br />
<strong>et</strong> 'e Croissant rouge du Kurdistan. Jean Bellanger,<br />
responsab'e <strong>de</strong> 'a CGT pour "immigration, a indiqué que<br />
se'on 'ui. -il est bon <strong>de</strong> rappeler qu'i' n'y a nulle part, pour<br />
'es associatiOns kur<strong>de</strong>s, <strong>de</strong> p'ace pour 'a cé'ébration <strong>de</strong><br />
'eurs f!tesen France-. Le responsable <strong>de</strong> 'a CGT a fUstigé<br />
éga'ement les -mesures expéditives <strong>de</strong> Char'es Pasqua qui<br />
ten<strong>de</strong>nt c)faire occréditer ridée que tous 'es Kur<strong>de</strong>s sont.<br />
. <strong>de</strong>s t~r.oi'istes~. . .
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÏ<br />
,\.F P - \genee,.'raneePre))e-;\.FI~ - \geneeFrancePre))e-,\.FI~ - \genee,.'raneePre))e-;\.FP - \genceFrancePre))e-,\. F P<br />
FF~A()103 4 T (';::'01 TUR /nFP-'PB31<br />
T',;l"ql.( i ~""f~I.ll"<strong>de</strong>',:;<br />
C'u.;xtr'e COt't'e'~r:oncLln~,', 'II) ,'~I.I(:Ij,llc'lï f'ïl'-"'Jt'c!,' U;:yU\ (:JI.m<strong>de</strong>m êH'r'{d,é~l ,i:l [l.::\Zlr./<br />
ISTANBUL, 26 déc (AFP) - OUèÜt'e cot'r'espoT1cl.::\nt:;; ~I) quat idien ~lt'O'-I-fecbJr-f! qui coon:lonne' la luttp cont:r-f.~ le Pf
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Monday, December 27,1993<br />
turkish daily news<br />
PKK activities increase<br />
by two.fold this year<br />
Separatist attacks reach record mark<br />
Civilians killed increases 100 percent<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- Despite official statements<br />
that the outlawed Kurdistan Workers'<br />
Party (PKK) received a major blow in<br />
1993, official figures show a twofold increase<br />
in terrorist activities during the first<br />
11 months of the year in comparison to<br />
the same period in 1992. .<br />
According to official figures provi<strong>de</strong>d<br />
by Turkish security sources and the Interior<br />
Ministry, the number of civilians killed<br />
this Jear increa~ed by ~00 percent<br />
compare to last year s statistics.<br />
Official data shows that in all of 1992<br />
there were 1,920 PKK-related inci<strong>de</strong>nts<br />
throughout Turkey while this figure reached<br />
3,901 in only the first II months of<br />
this year. Meanwhile, the civilian <strong>de</strong>ath<br />
toll was recor<strong>de</strong>d at 1,249 as of Nov. 30,<br />
1993, representing an increase of about<br />
100 percent from 1992's year-end figure<br />
of 6[8.<br />
During the same period in 1993, a total<br />
of 676 security officials, including tem-<br />
porary village guards, soldiers and policemen,<br />
were killed. Last year, this figure<br />
stood at 634. Official figures, provi<strong>de</strong>d in<br />
writin~ to the Turkish Daily News, revealed<br />
an mcrease in PKK casualties and injuries<br />
in .1993 with 1,552 terrorists killed<br />
and 121 woun<strong>de</strong>d, in contrast to last year's<br />
figures of 1,228 killed and 52 woun<strong>de</strong>d.<br />
.<br />
However, the number of alleged terrorists<br />
caught by security forces so far in<br />
1993 was 7,640, lower than the 7,908 terrorists<br />
caught in 1992.<br />
While 853 civilians were woun<strong>de</strong>d in<br />
1992, the figure rose to 1,389 in 1993.<br />
The number of woun<strong>de</strong>d security personnel<br />
also increased in this year's figures.<br />
During the first Il months of 1993, securit):<br />
forces confiscated 3,02810ng-range<br />
nfles, 1,221 guns, 2,164 bombs and<br />
463,378 bull<strong>et</strong>s. In all of 1992, security<br />
forces had managed to seize 3,109longrange<br />
rifles, 1,290 guns, 2,368 bombs<br />
and 352,959 bull<strong>et</strong>s.<br />
;<br />
AydJnhk claims regional<br />
countries will clamp down<br />
on Kurds in January<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- The Turkish Daily Aydmhk claimed on<br />
Sunday that Turkey, along with Iran and Syria, was preparing<br />
to clamp down on separatist Kurdish movements<br />
on a s<strong>et</strong> date.<br />
The Aydmhk report said the joint operation would be<br />
launched on Jan. 15 and would targ<strong>et</strong> Kurdish secessionist<br />
movements in all of the three countries as well<br />
as in northern Iraq. It said the tripartite summit b<strong>et</strong>ween<br />
foreign ministers of Syria, Turkey and Iran would be<br />
held before the operatIOn was launched. Quoting uni<strong>de</strong>ntified<br />
sources m the Foreign Ministry, Aydmhk said<br />
a secr<strong>et</strong> agreement had been signed b<strong>et</strong>ween the three<br />
countries and that all had aßreed on <strong>de</strong>aling with the<br />
Kurds. The report said that uamascus insisted on Turkey<br />
signing a formal agreement by Dec. 31 at the latest,<br />
and solving the regional water issue before the operation<br />
was launched. According to the newspaper,lraqi<br />
Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) representative to<br />
Ankara. Safeen Dizai held a me<strong>et</strong>ing witb Gendarmerie<br />
Operation director Gen. Yusuf Soyba~ on Dec.22, and<br />
that the Iraqi Kurds would also participate inan operation.<br />
Un<strong>de</strong>r a separate headline, the paper said the Iraqi<br />
Kurds were preparing to crack down on the outlawed<br />
Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) in northern Iraq.<br />
ÇiIler: TL 400 trillion allotted to Army for '94<br />
PM warns against frustrating Anny, calls for support for security forces fighting in the Southeast<br />
Turkish Daily News against terrorism because the success of Turkish<br />
ANKARA- Prime Minister Tansu Çiller has re- economy is contingent upon it," the prime minister<br />
vea!ed that TL 400 trillion, 5.6 percent of the said.<br />
Gross National Product, would be spooned out to Admitting that tourism had been <strong>de</strong>alt a heavy<br />
the Turkish Armed Forces in 1994 for its mo<strong>de</strong>rni- blow by increasing acts of terrorism, Çiller said<br />
zation and to finance the fight againstterrorism. In that in the southern resort city of Antalya alone, a<br />
an exclusive interview with the rightist daily Tur- seasonalloss if $1.5 million had been reported.<br />
kiye, Çiller warned against attempts to frustrate Çiller ad<strong>de</strong>d that Operation Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort was<br />
the Turkish military, and <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>d support "for a bulwark against the threat posed by Saddam<br />
those who are bravely fighting against terrorism in Hussein, and that it was only the outlawed Kurdithe<br />
Southeast." stan Workers' Party (PKK) that did not the opera-.<br />
"Turkey must emerge victorious from its fight tion.<br />
134
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA<br />
STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />
,\.EP - \~l'ncl'l'rancl'Prl'~~l'- \.Ef>. - \~l'ncl'"rancl'PI'l'\\l'-,\.EP - \~l'ncl'Francl'Prl'\~l'-,\.EP - .\gl'ncl'Ft:lIncl'Prl'~\l'-.\.EP<br />
FRA0155 4 I 0152 TUR IAFP-UI99<br />
Tut'qu ie-KI.ll"d e s<br />
Onze ~ebelles kur<strong>de</strong>s tués en Anatolie<br />
ANKARA, 27 déc (AFP) - Onze rebelles kur<strong>de</strong>s ont été tués <strong>et</strong> une trentaine<br />
d'autres arrêtés dimanche dans <strong>de</strong>s opérations <strong>de</strong> l'armée turque dans l'est <strong>et</strong><br />
le sud-est anatoliens, a-t-on annoncé <strong>de</strong> source officielle lundi.<br />
Il s'agit notamment d'une opération terrestre soutenue par <strong>de</strong>s<br />
hélicoptères au sud <strong>de</strong> la bourga<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Semdinli A l'intersection <strong>de</strong>s frontières<br />
..t.IJt'que,it'anienne <strong>et</strong> it'akienne. Onze t'ebelles du Pat'ti <strong>de</strong>s tt'availleut's du<br />
Kurdistan (PKK, séparatiste) qui essayaient <strong>de</strong> s'infiltrer en territoire turc<br />
ont été tués <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s munitions saisies lors <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te opération, selon la même<br />
so Ut'ce.<br />
Au moins 175 personnes (148 rebelles, 17 civils <strong>et</strong> 10 membres <strong>de</strong>s forces<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'ordre) ont péri <strong>de</strong>puis le 1er décembre dans <strong>de</strong>s inci<strong>de</strong>nts entre le PKK <strong>et</strong><br />
les forces <strong>de</strong> l'ordre, selon un décompte établi par l'AFP A partir <strong>de</strong> chiffres<br />
officiels.<br />
YM/sp<br />
AFP 271432 DEe 93<br />
Are They Helping Iran Go Nuclear? circumvent il. The Czechs are hungry<br />
and want to sell to anybod~.<br />
Into this mix comes Israel s back-chan.<br />
ASHINGTO,N -:- Som<strong>et</strong>h~ng By William Safire nel approach to Iran. It confuses the<br />
W very strange is gomg on, behind ~ Germans, irritates the Americans, amuses<br />
closed doors, among the governmen~s<br />
the Iraniaris and splits the Israelis.<br />
of Israel, Germany, the Czech Republic diaries, that could transform Iran into a ~ ~ What to do? Jerusalem journalists<br />
and Iran. Blin<strong>de</strong>d again by the ~rge to nuclear terrorist power; < 0'1, should keep up the heat on back-chanrecover<br />
hostages and the <strong>de</strong>lUSiOnof For years, Iran has been trying to g<strong>et</strong> ~ Q 01 nel <strong>de</strong>alings With consequences that en-<br />
Irania!l '''no<strong>de</strong>rates,'' Israel may un- Germany's Siemens AG, whose nuclear ~ ~ danger national survival. Bonn should<br />
witting!) lie providing the intelligence techn~lop is far in advance of Russia's ":;J =- keep a close eye on the use of cutouts<br />
cover that could help Tehran acquire or China s, to build its nuclear facilities. ~ E-c ~ by its industrial giants.<br />
Western nuclear technology. Iran already has enough cheal' oil to 0 r.~ == And Prague should be told that if<br />
I have only fragments of the Skoda satisfy energy needs for generations; its ~ - ~ it sees its future as a merchant of <strong>de</strong>ath<br />
~t~ry,and may be putting them tog<strong>et</strong>her onlyinterest is in acquiring the ability to ~ ~ = it can expect no membership in NATO:<br />
àùs~enly; but rather ~ exhort the build nuclear bombs. -.. = ~ not even a halfway "partnership for<br />
i'as~gton pursfuersof.Whitewat~te, At the request of the United States, ~ ~ ~ peace." If the Russian bear again be-<br />
~t me ay out a ew ,cunous connecUons the Kohl government has restrained the ~ ~ ~ gins to growl, do Czechs really want<br />
picked up last week m Central Eur~. Siemens chief executive, Heinrich von ~ to turn for their security to nuclear<br />
Threemonthsago, the headofIraman Pi f _At.:_ I customers in Tehran?<br />
intem..<br />
....<br />
ften.ce.paid a visit to German. y at<br />
Iran.<br />
erer,<br />
But<br />
rom<br />
Siemens<br />
1WLUllga<br />
may<br />
nuc<br />
have<br />
ear<br />
<strong>de</strong>veloped<br />
<strong>de</strong>al with... The New vor'<br />
, ,<br />
k "','ms'S.<br />
, I ~,<br />
the inVitatiOn of Bernd Schmidbauer, what spooks call a "cutout," or interme-<br />
Chancellor Helmut Kohl's intelligence diary, through a joint venture with the<br />
chief. The me<strong>et</strong>ing was arran$ed at the Czech company Skoda PIzen.<br />
secr<strong>et</strong> request of the Israeli government,<br />
which had its representatives in a As Stephen Engelberg of The New<br />
room 50 fe<strong>et</strong> down the hall from the York Times reported Dec. IS Israeli<br />
Iranians and Germans.<br />
journalists discovered that Skoda's di;<br />
The subject of the proximity talks rector, Lubomir Sou<strong>de</strong>k, had been in<br />
was, presumably, Israelis held hostage Iran from Nov. 23 to Dec: 3 me<strong>et</strong>ing<br />
by the Hezbollah in Lebanon, which with Riza Amoralahi, the head of Iran's<br />
operates un<strong>de</strong>r Syrian sufferance but nuclear energy <strong>de</strong>partment. The compaun<strong>de</strong>r<br />
the primary control of Iran. The ny said it was about trolley cars and<br />
me<strong>et</strong>ing in Bonn went badly, and the "energy cooperation." Sure.<br />
Iranians 'publicly ma<strong>de</strong> known their When U.S, officials protested to<br />
presence m the German capital. Prague, &heCzech government claimed<br />
This triggered a vigorous U.S. protest that shipment of nuclear technology to<br />
_ why were the Germans secr<strong>et</strong>ly play- Iran was "not <strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong>d." Intelligence<br />
ing host to the Iranians? - and embar- sources tell me some Czechs are eager to<br />
rassed Mr. Kohl, who has been tight as a sell Iran ','Tamara" radar, sensitive<br />
tick WithPresi<strong>de</strong>nt Bill amton. It forced enough to spot U.S. Stealth bombers as<br />
the Israelis (whose presence down the hall well as Semtex explosives, the preferi-ed<br />
may or may not have.been known to the plastic of terrorists worldwi<strong>de</strong>.<br />
_ Iranians) to acknowledge that the me<strong>et</strong>- Le(s now review the bidding. Israeli<br />
ing had been held at Prime Minister Yitz- d~fe~se policy, articulated by Mr. Rahak<br />
Rabin's request. Two weeks ago, Mr. bm, IS centered on countering a long-<br />
Rabin m<strong>et</strong> Mr. Kohl in Bonn.<br />
term missile threat from nuclear Iran<br />
So the Israelis will go to great lengths not any conventional tank threat fro~<br />
to g<strong>et</strong> their people back, and the Germans Syria. U.S. stratC$Ïc doctrine agrees.<br />
comply. What's the big <strong>de</strong>al?It is that this<br />
back channel overlaps -and muddies up<br />
Germany, after being burned in LibYll<br />
and Iraq, has a policy of restraining<br />
- other activity b<strong>et</strong>ween the Germans<br />
and Iranians, with the Czech.~as in~<br />
exP?Jl of nu!'e-tech to terrorist stat~,<br />
but its executives are looking for ways to<br />
135
o overrun<br />
o Radica<br />
o Iraq<br />
and the protection of Kurds in northern Iraq<br />
<strong>de</strong>r,end on Turkey's co~peration. o.. .<br />
The ßround IS fertile for polanzatlon," saId<br />
Cengiz ~andar, a columnist for the Istanbul daily<br />
Sabah. I There is a .feeling of revolt in the conscience<br />
of the people. We feel our Muslim i<strong>de</strong>ntity<br />
much more strongly."<br />
Some see the Islamic revival as a belated reaco<br />
tion<br />
By Daniel J. Wakin<br />
AS.ÇQciaredPress Writer<br />
ISTANBUL- Bumper stickers proclaim "Power<br />
belongs to God~" The power of Islam is growing<br />
in Turkey, a predominantly Muslim but constitutionally<br />
secular nation of 60 million people. As it<br />
does, the division wi<strong>de</strong>ns b<strong>et</strong>ween religIOus actio<br />
vists<br />
0<br />
o transferred<br />
o in<br />
o where<br />
o Emergency<br />
o ens<br />
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ~RNISTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Tuesday, December 28,1993 turkish daily news<br />
Power of Islam grows in officmlly secular Turkey<br />
and reople <strong>de</strong>dicated to secularism.<br />
Islain is not consi<strong>de</strong>red likely to .dominate<br />
the country, as in neighboring Iran, but its<br />
• anti-Western message conflIcts with Turkey's position<br />
as a NATO member and aspirant to the European<br />
Community. Enforcement of sanctions on<br />
against how the mo<strong>de</strong>m republic was foun<strong>de</strong>d<br />
71 years ago by Mustafa Kemal, later named<br />
Atatürk. 0<br />
o He<br />
ruthlessly sought to rid Turkey of its Ottoman<br />
'and religious past, using Western-oriented<br />
secular nationalism to unite It. He closed religious<br />
schools and a few mosques, turning them into<br />
museums; banned the public wearing of religious<br />
garb and changed to the Roman alphab<strong>et</strong><br />
from the Arabic, the language of the Koran.<br />
Nowadays, mainstream politicians take care to<br />
be observed<br />
cated female<br />
going to mosques and the U.S.-edu-<br />
premier, Tansu Çiller, says, "Thank<br />
God I am a Muslim." The circulations of Islamic<br />
newspapers are mcreasmg.<br />
Although no statistics are available, analysts<br />
say Turks are becoming more observant. Women<br />
ankle-length black robes, showing only a small<br />
triangle of face, are common in some quarters of<br />
Istanbul, a city of Il million.<br />
The fundamentalist Welfare Party, a well-organized<br />
group .led by Necm<strong>et</strong>tin Erbakan, won 40<br />
seats in the 450-member Parliament in 1991 and<br />
captured six Istanbul districts in local elections a<br />
year ago. ~t is ~xpected to do well in nationwi<strong>de</strong><br />
local elecllons m March. .<br />
Erbakan claims his followers have doubled in<br />
number to 1.6 million over two years. He draws<br />
support from those who are dissatisfied with corruption<br />
and from the masses of rural migrants to<br />
the cities, many of whom find refuge from unem- 0<br />
p,loyment and poverty in the promises of religion.<br />
'Islam will make a revolutIOn in civilizatIOn,"<br />
said one Welfare Party supporter, Firat Oruc, a<br />
19-year-old sociology stu<strong>de</strong>nt at Istanbul University.<br />
He spoke durinf noon prayers one Friday in<br />
December at the 6th-
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA<br />
STAMPA-DENTRO DE lA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
,\. E P - \~l'ncl' rrancl' PI'l'\\l'- \. E J>.- \~l'ncl' Irancl' Prl'\\('- \, E P - \~l'nCl'Iranct.'Prl'\\l'-,\. E P - \~l'nce FrancePre~~e-, \. E P.<br />
FRA0318 4 I 0165 SYR IA~P-C~02<br />
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FRA0103 4 I 0145 IRK /AFP-XR66<br />
It'ak-KIJt'<strong>de</strong>s<br />
Au moins 31 morts <strong>et</strong> 134 blessés dans <strong>de</strong>s affrontements inter-kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
SOULEIMANIEH (Irak), 28 déc (AFP) - Les affrontements entre formations<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s rivales dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak ont fait au moins 31 morts <strong>et</strong> 134<br />
ble~sé3 <strong>et</strong> se sont poursuivis jusqu'à lundi sbir, en dépit d'un cessez-le-feu,<br />
selon <strong>de</strong>s sources kur<strong>de</strong>s.<br />
Les combats entre l'Union Patriotique du<br />
Talabani) <strong>et</strong> la Ligue Islamique Kur<strong>de</strong> (LIK,<br />
y a dix jours, s'étaient interrompus samedi<br />
cessez-le-feu.<br />
Kurdistan (UPK, <strong>de</strong> 1alal<br />
pro-iranienne), qui ont éclaté il<br />
après la signature d'un<br />
Les affrontements ont cependant repris dimanche dans <strong>de</strong>ux <strong>de</strong>s principales<br />
villes kur<strong>de</strong>s dans les régions du nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak qui échappent au contrOle du<br />
régime du prési<strong>de</strong>nt Saddam Hussein, Erbil <strong>et</strong> Souleimanieh. Ils se sont achevés<br />
lundi matin à Souleimanieh <strong>et</strong> dans la soirée à Erbil.<br />
ls/at/lba/bt'<br />
AF.P 281131 DEC 93<br />
TURQUIE<br />
Un quotidien nationaliste kur<strong>de</strong><br />
est <strong>de</strong> nouveau condamné<br />
ISTANBUL<br />
<strong>de</strong> notre correspondante<br />
La Cour <strong>de</strong> st1r<strong>et</strong>é <strong>de</strong> l'Etat<br />
d'Istanbul a prononcé <strong>de</strong>ux nouvelles<br />
condamnations, vendredi<br />
24 décembre, contre le quotidien<br />
nationaliste k.lI,r<strong>de</strong> Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m,<br />
en vertu <strong>de</strong> 'la loi contre le<br />
terrorisme: le quotidien <strong>de</strong>vra<br />
cesser <strong>de</strong> paraître durant <strong>de</strong>ux<br />
mois au total <strong>et</strong> l'éditeur respon-<br />
,sable du journal a été condamné<br />
à quatre ans <strong>de</strong> prison <strong>et</strong> l'équivalent<br />
<strong>de</strong> 80 000 francs<br />
d'amen<strong>de</strong>. Cela étant, ces<br />
condamnations, comme les précé<strong>de</strong>ntes,<br />
<strong>de</strong>vant encore être confirmées<br />
par la Cour <strong>de</strong> cassation,<br />
Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m continue à<br />
paraître normalement.<br />
Dix-sept <strong>de</strong>s dix-neuf journalistes<br />
placés en gar<strong>de</strong> à vue lors<br />
<strong>de</strong> la rafle dans les locaux du<br />
journal, le 10 décembre, ont été<br />
relâchés, jeudi 23 décembre, par<br />
le même tribunal, mais la rédactrice<br />
en chef, Mme Ersöz, <strong>et</strong> le<br />
directeur administratif, M. Halis,<br />
ont été arrêtés. Les journalistes<br />
ont déclaré avoir été torturés lors<br />
<strong>de</strong> leur détention. Trois <strong>de</strong>s quatre<br />
correspondants du journal à<br />
Elazig (dans l'est du pays), en<br />
gar<strong>de</strong> à vue <strong>de</strong>puis quinze jours,<br />
ont été mis en état d'arrestation<br />
dimanche.<br />
C<strong>et</strong>te campagne d'intimidation<br />
entre dans le cadre du durcissement<br />
<strong>de</strong> la politique <strong>de</strong> l'Etat<br />
contre le Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du<br />
Kurdistan (PKK). L'armée ne<br />
cache pas son irritation croissante<br />
à l'égard <strong>de</strong> ce quotidien<br />
LE MONDE - 28 décembre 1993<br />
qu'elle considère comme un<br />
organe du mouvement séparatiste.<br />
Vendredi 24 décembre, le<br />
chef d'état-major, le général<br />
Güres, a prononcé un discours<br />
très dur contre «les nabots braillards»<br />
qui seraient « les collaborateurs<br />
<strong>de</strong>s organisations terroristes».<br />
C<strong>et</strong>te nervosité s'explique<br />
aussi par le sérieux revers subi<br />
par l'armée la semaine <strong>de</strong>rnière:<br />
une puissante campagne <strong>de</strong> l'ensemble<br />
<strong>de</strong> la presse a, en eff<strong>et</strong>,<br />
contraint la cour militaire à<br />
relâcher <strong>de</strong>ux journalistes <strong>de</strong> la<br />
télévision privée HBB, arrêtés, à<br />
la <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> du chef d'état-major<br />
ell personne, pour avoir fait une<br />
émission sur les réfractaires au<br />
service militaire. - (Intérim.)<br />
137
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA STAMPA-DENTRO.DE LA PRENSA-BASIN OZETi<br />
A. E I~ - AgenceFrance Presse-A. E P - AgenceFrance Presse-A. E P - ;\gence France Presse-A. E P - .\gence France Presse -A. E P.<br />
~~A019~-41 0203 TUR /AFP-AV83<br />
Turqui.7Kur<strong>de</strong>s-Irak<br />
Reconduction <strong>de</strong> la présence alliée pour surveiller l'Irak<br />
ANKARA,28 déc (AFP) - Le parlement turc a voté mardi la reconduction <strong>de</strong><br />
la présence en Turquie <strong>de</strong> la force multinationale <strong>de</strong> protection <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
d'Irak <strong>de</strong>puis la base turco-américaine d'Incirlik (sud, près d'Adana) dans le<br />
cadt~e <strong>de</strong> la phase .::: <strong>de</strong> l'opét~ation "Pt~ovi<strong>de</strong> Comfot~t".<br />
Le gouvernement turc avait décidé la semaine <strong>de</strong>rMière <strong>de</strong> soum<strong>et</strong>tre au<br />
parlement la prolongation pour six mois <strong>de</strong> la présence à Incirlik <strong>de</strong>s forces<br />
aériennes alliées chargées <strong>de</strong> protéger les Kur<strong>de</strong>s d'Irak qui vient à échéance<br />
le 31 décembt~e.<br />
Ces forces aériennes alliées --américaines, françaises <strong>et</strong> britanniques--<br />
avec 48 chasseurs-bombardiers <strong>et</strong> appareils d'observation plus leurs avions .<strong>de</strong><br />
t~avitaillement <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s "t~adat~svolants" AWACS, ont pOUt~ mission <strong>de</strong> s,-wveill<strong>et</strong>~<br />
la zone d'exclusion<br />
pat~allèle.<br />
<strong>de</strong> vol imposée aux appareils irakiens au nord du 36ème<br />
Elles ont aussi pour mission <strong>de</strong> surv~iller les mouvements <strong>de</strong> troupes<br />
irakiennes en direction <strong>de</strong> la zone <strong>de</strong> sécurité établie par la coalition dans<br />
une ban<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> territoire du nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak proche <strong>de</strong> la frontière turque, dans<br />
une zone sous contrôle kur<strong>de</strong> irakien <strong>de</strong>puis octobre 1991.<br />
YM/sp<br />
AFP 281550 DEC 93<br />
TURQUIE. O1latre<br />
corresp'oflt[ö;nts<br />
du quotIdienJur<strong>de</strong> ((Ozgur<br />
Gun<strong>de</strong>m » ont êté arrêtés à<br />
Elazig (est <strong>de</strong> la Turquie), après<br />
la saisie au bureau local du<br />
journal <strong>de</strong> documéirt~<br />
concernant le Parti <strong>de</strong>s<br />
travailleurs du<br />
Kurdistan (PKK), a annoncé<br />
hier la super-préfecture <strong>de</strong> l'état<br />
d'urgence à Diyarbakir. A<br />
Ankara, le ministère <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Intérieur a indiqué que<br />
133 personnes ont été tuées par<br />
l'armée <strong>de</strong>puis le début du mois<br />
au Kurdistan turc. Selon lin<br />
décompte <strong>de</strong> l'AFP, au moins<br />
10.645 personnes ont été tuées.<br />
dans les opérations <strong>de</strong><br />
répression menées par l'armée<br />
turque au Kurdistan <strong>de</strong>puis<br />
1984.<br />
.ā><br />
'0<br />
L-<br />
a><br />
.-<br />
L-<br />
L-<br />
::J<br />
o<br />
U<br />
a><br />
..J<br />
Une réaction du RPR<br />
à propos <strong>de</strong> la jeune Kur<strong>de</strong><br />
La fédération RPR <strong>de</strong>s Deux~S-èvres estime<br />
que la jeune Kur<strong>de</strong> Gurb<strong>et</strong> Ayaz n'est pas assignée<br />
à rési<strong>de</strong>nce à Reffanes ((sans preuve».<br />
Selon Lucien Boutineau, secrétaire départemental<br />
du RPR, ((tout étranger résidant sur notre sol<br />
.est tehu à un droit <strong>de</strong> réserve. Notre territoire<br />
ne. doit en aucun cas servir <strong>de</strong> base arrière ou<br />
logistique à <strong>de</strong>s associations terroristes ... Comme.<br />
tout citoyen français, l'étranger a <strong>de</strong>s droits'<br />
ma.!s également <strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>voirs)). Le RPR souligne<br />
enfm que (<strong>de</strong>s quatre inspecteurs <strong>de</strong>s Renseignemf!nts<br />
généraux chargés <strong>de</strong> la sécurité <strong>de</strong><br />
c<strong>et</strong>te Jeune personne n'ont pas passé la fête <strong>de</strong><br />
Noël en famille. Pourtant personne n'en<br />
pqj/e. ... )). . ..<br />
138
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÏ<br />
MISSION HUMANITAIRE<br />
La vie comme passion<br />
Marie-Ma<strong>de</strong>leine Giro dia s,<br />
infirmière à l'hôpital d'Aubagne<br />
,. . .<br />
est r<strong>et</strong>ournee SIX semaines au<br />
Kurdistan avec "Mé<strong>de</strong>cins du<br />
Mon<strong>de</strong>". Témoignages <strong>de</strong><br />
visions d'un autre temps, où la<br />
misère cotoie la mort <strong>et</strong> où la<br />
vie semble un merveilleux<br />
message d'amour ...<br />
Merie.Me<strong>de</strong>leine Girodie. vecclnent quelque. enfents, "C'e.t un<br />
peuple extreordlneirement <strong>et</strong>techent", (Photo D.R.)<br />
Marie-Ma<strong>de</strong>leine<br />
m<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> plus<br />
en plus <strong>de</strong><br />
temps à s'acclimater<br />
à la France. Aprés<br />
six semaines passées au<br />
Kurdistan à panser les<br />
plaies gangrenées <strong>de</strong>s<br />
hommes, à soigner les enfants<br />
qui ont perdu une<br />
jambe ou un bras sur les<br />
mines, les Français semblent<br />
bien tristes, bien avi<strong>de</strong>s,<br />
égoïstes, tout simplement<br />
..•<br />
"Et dans les hôpitaux,<br />
.que1 gaspillage ..." sourit<br />
Marie-Ma<strong>de</strong>leine lorsqu'elle<br />
voit ses collègues infirmières<br />
utiliser, comme le<br />
veut l'hygiène, pléthore <strong>de</strong><br />
compresses.<br />
Quand au Kurdistan, les<br />
souris courent sur le bloc<br />
opératoire, que le flacon <strong>de</strong><br />
désinfectant dure plusieurs<br />
jours pour <strong>de</strong>s dizaines <strong>et</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong>s dizaines d'opérés.<br />
Destination<br />
<strong>de</strong> Rania<br />
l'h6pital<br />
Depuis 1988,Marie-Ma<strong>de</strong>leine<br />
Girodias, infirmière<br />
à l'hôpital d'Aubagne,<br />
"profite" <strong>de</strong> ses congés annuels<br />
pour partir en mission<br />
avec Mé<strong>de</strong>cins du<br />
Mon<strong>de</strong>. Aprés la Cote d'Ivoire,<br />
la Pologne <strong>et</strong> l'Irak,<br />
elle est <strong>de</strong> nouveau r<strong>et</strong>ournée,<br />
c<strong>et</strong>te année, au Kurdistan<br />
pour s'occuper <strong>de</strong><br />
l'hôpital <strong>de</strong> Rania, avec un<br />
chirurgien <strong>et</strong> un infirmier<br />
anestpésiste bénévole.<br />
"La guerre est finie,<br />
souligne Marie-Ma<strong>de</strong>leine,<br />
<strong>de</strong>puis que les Kur<strong>de</strong>s ont<br />
obtenu leur indépendance.<br />
Mais le pays est exsangue:<br />
à cause <strong>de</strong> l'embargo <strong>de</strong> l'Irak,<br />
la menace permanente<br />
d'une invasion <strong>de</strong>s frontières<br />
par Saddam Hussein,<br />
le Kurdistan subit en<br />
plus les affrontements<br />
journaliers <strong>de</strong>s différentes<br />
factions kurdès. :Et là-bas,<br />
tout se règle au kalachnikov<br />
..."<br />
Economie<br />
exsangue<br />
Chaque habitant est<br />
d'ailleurs armé pour se<br />
protéger <strong>de</strong>s pillages. L'économie<br />
est au plus mal. Si<br />
l'ai<strong>de</strong> alimentaire perm<strong>et</strong><br />
aux habitants <strong>de</strong> survivre,<br />
l'inflation est telle que les<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s ne peuvent ach<strong>et</strong>er<br />
le minimum pour couvrir<br />
les enfants.<br />
Marie-Ma<strong>de</strong>leine, entre<br />
<strong>de</strong>ux cours <strong>de</strong> français <strong>et</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong>s campagnes <strong>de</strong> vaccination<br />
massives, a travaillé<br />
dans les salles <strong>de</strong> l'hôpital,<br />
où les opérations se sont<br />
succédées. "On voit <strong>de</strong>s<br />
cho.sesincroyables. Des pathoiogies<br />
que l'on ne peut<br />
rencontrer en France: <strong>de</strong>s<br />
tumeurs énormes, <strong>de</strong>s calculs<br />
rénaux sur <strong>de</strong> tout jeunes<br />
enfants, <strong>de</strong>s femmes<br />
enceintes ayant besoin d'une<br />
césarienne <strong>et</strong> qui arrivent<br />
à l'hôpital avec une<br />
jambe du gamin sortant<br />
L'h6pitel <strong>de</strong> Renie: pe. <strong>de</strong> couverture ni <strong>de</strong> drep•• ur le. lits. Quent<br />
eux femllle., ene. mengent 6 m'me le .01. (Photo D.R.)<br />
déjà <strong>de</strong> l'utérus ... Mais le<br />
plus gros <strong>de</strong>s opérations<br />
touche les blessés qui arrivent<br />
par dizaines. Tous<br />
ont sauté sur <strong>de</strong>s mines."<br />
Opérations<br />
déminage<br />
<strong>de</strong><br />
Malgré les importantes<br />
opérations <strong>de</strong> déminage,<br />
les champs sont encore infestés.<br />
Et la situation est<br />
telle que lorsqu'un enfant<br />
arrive, les intestins perforés,<br />
les jambes arrachées<br />
parce qu'il a sauté sur une<br />
mine en gardant une vache,<br />
la famille pleure autant<br />
sur lui que sur le sort<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'animal, si précieux en<br />
ces temps, <strong>de</strong> dis<strong>et</strong>tfl ...<br />
Marie-Ma<strong>de</strong>leine n'a<br />
pas le temps <strong>de</strong> s'apitoyer,<br />
pas le temps <strong>de</strong> s'émouvoir<br />
<strong>de</strong> ces images insoutenables.<br />
Il lui reste simplement<br />
une gran<strong>de</strong> nostalgie,<br />
<strong>et</strong> un immense désir <strong>de</strong> revoir<br />
ce peuple "si attachant,<br />
si extraordinaire". Et,<br />
avant <strong>de</strong> préparer le prochain<br />
voyage, Marie-Ma<strong>de</strong>leine<br />
raconte son expéri<br />
e n ce, hi s t ai re <strong>de</strong><br />
relativiser un peu nos notions<br />
<strong>de</strong> misère humaine,<br />
<strong>et</strong> recommence à accumuler<br />
médicaments, vêtements<br />
chauds, fourniture<br />
scolaire: "6000 enfants<br />
suivent assidument l'école<br />
qui fonctionne grâce à <strong>de</strong><br />
nombreuses associations:<br />
France Libertés, Equilibre,<br />
l'U.NICEF, <strong>et</strong> surtODt, les<br />
139
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
instituteurs eux-mêmes<br />
qui partagent leur maigre<br />
salaire pour assurer la<br />
fourniture scolaire <strong>de</strong>s enfants.<br />
Pour eux, l'enseignement<br />
est le ~eul moye~ <strong>de</strong><br />
sortir les. fmfants <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te<br />
situation. Et ils ont sûrement<br />
raison."<br />
• Tous vos dons sont<br />
sont les bienvenus. L'assôci~ijon<br />
Mé<strong>de</strong>cins du Mon<strong>de</strong><br />
recherche également<br />
<strong>de</strong>s chirurgiens <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s infirmiers<br />
bénévoles. Renseignements<br />
auprés <strong>de</strong><br />
Marie- Ma<strong>de</strong>leine Girodias,<br />
au 42.03.69.44 •.<br />
A.EP -Agence FrancePresse-A.EP -Agence FrancePresse-A.E1~ -;\gence FrancePresse-A.EP -.\gence FrancePresse-A.FP.<br />
FRA0245 4 I 0340 IRK /AFP-FZ95<br />
It'ak-Kur'<strong>de</strong> s<br />
Le "gouver'nement"kur'<strong>de</strong> satisfait <strong>de</strong> la t'econduction du mandat <strong>de</strong> la for'ce<br />
alliée <strong>de</strong> proctection<br />
ERBIL (It'ak), 29 déc (AFP) -- Le "gouv<strong>et</strong>'nement" kut'<strong>de</strong> d€~ nor'd <strong>de</strong> l' Ir'a~(a<br />
accueilli avec satisfaction la reconduction pour six mois par la Turquie <strong>de</strong> la<br />
présence sur son sbl <strong>de</strong> la force multinationale <strong>de</strong> protection <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
irakiens, en réitérant toutefois sa <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> d'un mandat <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux ans.<br />
"C<strong>et</strong>te extension est la bienvenue, mais <strong>de</strong>ux ans aur'aient constitué un<br />
me iIl e Ur' man d a t pou r' not t'e peu pIe qui s' e ffOr'ce <strong>de</strong>r' econ st r'uit,e son é con 0 mie Il ,<br />
a affit'mé ~ l'AFP le "ministt'e" kUr'<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>!; Affait'es militait'es, Cabbar' Fer'man.<br />
Les régions kur<strong>de</strong>s du nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak, dotées <strong>de</strong>puis 1992 d'un<br />
Il g 0 Uv<strong>et</strong>'n e men t Il étab Ii à Er'b i1 <strong>et</strong> non t'econ nui nt <strong>et</strong>'na t ion ale men t , écha ppen t<br />
<strong>de</strong>puis octobre 1991 au contrOle du régime du prési<strong>de</strong>nt irakien Saddam Hussein.<br />
Des affrontements y ont opposé ces <strong>de</strong>rniers jours l'Union patriotique du<br />
Kurdistan (UPK, <strong>de</strong> Jalal Talabani) -- qui forme, avec le Parti démocratique du<br />
Kut'distan (PDK, <strong>de</strong> Massoud Bar'zani), le "gouv<strong>et</strong>'nement Il kur'<strong>de</strong> .---<strong>et</strong> la Ligue<br />
islamique kur<strong>de</strong> (LIK), une formation pro-iranienne.<br />
Selon <strong>de</strong>s sources kur<strong>de</strong>s, ces combats ont fait dimanche <strong>et</strong> lundi au moins<br />
31 tués <strong>et</strong> 134 blessés dans la seule ville <strong>de</strong> Souleimanieh, s'ajoutant à ~~<br />
tués la semaine <strong>de</strong>rnière. Aucun bilan n'était dis~onible pour l'ensemble du<br />
Kurdistan d'Irak.<br />
La reconduction du mandat <strong>de</strong> la force multinationale <strong>de</strong> protection <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Kur'<strong>de</strong>s d'It'ak, basée dans le camp tur'co--amér'icain d' Incir'l ik (s'.ld,pr'ès<br />
d'Adana), s'est effectlJée dans le cadr'e <strong>de</strong> l'opér'ation "j:)t'ovi<strong>de</strong>Comfor't", mlse<br />
;en place pat' les alliés apr'ès la guen'e du Golfe.<br />
C<strong>et</strong>te force, constituée d'unités aériennes américaines, britanniques <strong>et</strong><br />
françaises, est déployée <strong>de</strong>puis juill<strong>et</strong> 1991 pour protéger les populations du<br />
nord irakien contre les troupes <strong>de</strong> Bagdad.<br />
Les alliés ont également interdit à l'Irak <strong>de</strong> survoler les régions situées<br />
au nord du 36-ème parallèle, où se trouvent les principales villes du<br />
Kurdistan irakien.<br />
ls/jhd/sp<br />
AFP 291724 DEe 93<br />
Libération - 29 décembre 1993<br />
TURQUIE. Le mandat <strong>de</strong> la<br />
force <strong>de</strong> protection <strong>de</strong>s K~r<strong>de</strong>s<br />
d'Irak a été prolongé <strong>de</strong> six mois<br />
par le Parlement. Les forces aériennes<br />
alliées basées à Incirlik (sudouest<br />
du pays) ont pour mission <strong>de</strong><br />
surveiller la zone d'exclusion aérienne<br />
imposée aux appareils irakiens<br />
au nord du 36e parallèle.<br />
C'"l<br />
0\<br />
0\<br />
......<br />
KU~DISTAN<br />
IRAKIEN<br />
Protection alliée<br />
reconduite<br />
o Le Parlement turc a voté<br />
hier la' reconduction pour six<br />
mois <strong>de</strong> la présence en Turquie<br />
<strong>de</strong> la force multinationale<br />
<strong>de</strong> protection<strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>sd'Irak<br />
<strong>de</strong>puis la base turco-améri-.<br />
caine d'Incirlik, dans le cadre<br />
<strong>de</strong> la phase 2 <strong>de</strong> l'opération<br />
." Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort ". Le man-'<br />
dat <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>le force - américaine,<br />
française <strong>et</strong><br />
britanniqu.e - qui a pour mission<br />
<strong>de</strong> surveiller la zone d'ex-,<br />
clusion aérienne au nord du<br />
36. parallèle, <strong>de</strong>vait arrjver à<br />
échéancele 31 décembre.<br />
140
REvuE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RMSTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />
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FRA0207 4 I 0217 TUR IAFP-FK26<br />
Turquie-Kur<strong>de</strong>s-presse<br />
Arrestation <strong>de</strong> quatre collaborateurs du quotidien pro-kur<strong>de</strong> Ozgur Gun<strong>de</strong>m<br />
ANKARA, 29 déc (AFP) - La police turque a arrêté mardi soir quatr~<br />
co llaborat eUt"'sdlJ bUt"'eau d'Ankara du quot id ien pt"'o-kut"'<strong>de</strong>"Ozgl..lt"' Gun<strong>de</strong>m " (I ibt"'e<br />
ordre du jour), a-t-on appris mercredi auprès du quotidien.<br />
Il s'agit <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux journalistes <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux employés administr"'atifs, qui ont<br />
été placés en gar<strong>de</strong> à vue sans que l'on sache <strong>de</strong> quoi ils sont soupçonnés,<br />
selon le bureau du quotidien à Ankara.<br />
La police, qui a fOIJillé le bureau du jout"'nal, a saisi "pOUt"'examen" un<br />
calendrier 1994 qu'avait fait imprimer Ozgur Gun<strong>de</strong>m pour l'envoyer à ses<br />
clients, selon la même source.<br />
Les 10 <strong>et</strong> 14 décembre, la police, lot"'s<strong>de</strong> p<strong>et</strong>"'qlJisitions alJ siège dlJ<br />
quotidien à Istanbul, avait arrêté 108 personnes dont <strong>de</strong>ux sont toujours<br />
éct"'oIJées.<br />
La publication du quotidien avait été interrompue pour trois jours à<br />
partir du 10 décembre dans toute la Turquie où 28 autres journalistes <strong>et</strong><br />
collaborateurs du journal avaient été arrêtés lors <strong>de</strong> perquisitions similaires<br />
dans d'autres bureaux.<br />
Les enquêtes policières ont pOUt"'but <strong>de</strong> "pt"'ouv<strong>et</strong>"'l'existence d'un lien<br />
organique entre le journal <strong>et</strong> le Parti <strong>de</strong>s Travailleurs du Kurdistan (PKK,<br />
sépar"'atiste) ", avaient affit"'mé <strong>de</strong>s t"'esponsables du quotidien à l'AFP.<br />
ym/dch/mfo<br />
AFP 291539 DEC 93<br />
\. L P.- \~l'IIU'1I',IIIll'lil( "l- \.1. P.- \:l'IIU'I t .I11l(' Illl "('- \.1'Y - \~l'lIll'1I'.I11ll' Pil"l'- \. L I~ - \~l'Illl'Il.Illll' Ill'l"l' - \.1: P.<br />
FRAOl12 4 I 0300 IRK IAFP-ED15<br />
l t"'ak-KIJt"'d es<br />
Au moins 72 morts dans les combats inter-kur<strong>de</strong>s en Irak<br />
ERBIL (Irak), 29 déc (AFP) - Au moins 72 personnes ont été tuées dans les<br />
affrontements inter-kur<strong>de</strong>s qui se sont achevés lundi dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak<br />
sous contrôle kur<strong>de</strong>j selon un bilan provisoire <strong>de</strong> sources kur<strong>de</strong>s compilées par<br />
l'AFP mercredi à Erbil (nord).<br />
Quelque 250 personnes ont été blessées dans ces combats, <strong>de</strong>puis le 20<br />
décembre. Ils se sont terminés par la défaite <strong>de</strong> la Ligue islamique kur<strong>de</strong><br />
(KIL), une formation pro-iranienne, face à l'Union patriotique du Kurdistan<br />
(UPK) <strong>de</strong> Jalal Talabani.<br />
Ce bilan inclut les victimes <strong>de</strong>s combats à Souleimanieh <strong>et</strong> Et"'bil mais ne<br />
comprend pas la région <strong>de</strong> Rania (est), où <strong>de</strong>s affrontements ont également eu<br />
lieu mais d'où aucune information sur d'éventuels morts <strong>et</strong> blessés n'est<br />
encore parvenue.<br />
Le "Pr"'emi<strong>et</strong>"'ministr"'e" kUt"'<strong>de</strong>, Abdoullah "Kost"'at" Ressoul (UPK), a déclat"'é à<br />
l'AFP que l'UPK avait pris le contr"'ôle <strong>de</strong> toutes les bases <strong>de</strong> la KIL dans le<br />
Kurdistan irakien <strong>et</strong> qu'il n'y avait plus <strong>de</strong> possibilité que les combats<br />
t"'ept"'ennent.<br />
La plupart <strong>de</strong>s combattants <strong>de</strong> la KIL ont été désarmés par l'UPK, puis<br />
relâchés, a constaté la correspondante <strong>de</strong> l'AFP. La formation <strong>de</strong> M. Talabani a<br />
assuré avoir saisi une gran<strong>de</strong> quantité d'armes lour<strong>de</strong>s.<br />
Le "gouv<strong>et</strong>"'nement" k'Jt"'<strong>de</strong>,non t"'econnu int<strong>et</strong>"'nationalement, a été fot"'méen<br />
1992 par l'UPK <strong>de</strong> M. Talabani <strong>et</strong> le Parti démocratique du Kurdistan (PDK) <strong>de</strong><br />
Massoud Barzani, dans les r"'égions qui échappent <strong>de</strong>puis octobre 1991 au<br />
contrôle du régime du prési<strong>de</strong>nt Saddam Hussein.<br />
Le chef <strong>de</strong> la KIL, Mollah Osmane, se trouve pour sa part <strong>de</strong>puis mardi soir<br />
dans le quartier-~énéral du PDK <strong>de</strong> M. Barzani, a indiqué un dirigeant du PDK<br />
qui a r"'equis l'anonymat. "Il est notr"'ehôte <strong>et</strong> s<strong>et</strong>"'atr"'aité avec t"'espect",<br />
a-t-il dit.<br />
ls/lba/br"'<br />
AFP 291114 DEC 93<br />
141
REvuE DE PRESSE-PRESS lŒVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RMSTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASlN ÖZETi<br />
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FRA0078 4 l 0173 TUR IAFP-DP54<br />
T'Jt~quie-d iv<strong>et</strong>~s<br />
4 personnes blessées dans un attentat A la bombe revendiquée par le PKK<br />
ANKARA, 29 déc (AFP) - Quatre personnes ont été blessées dans un attentat<br />
A la bombe perpétré mardi soir A Ankara contre les locaux du parti<br />
gouvernemental <strong>de</strong> la Juste Voie (PJV, droite traditionnelle) <strong>et</strong> revendiqué par<br />
le mouvement séparatiste kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Turquie, a annoncé la police.<br />
Deux engins explosifs ont été j<strong>et</strong>és par une personne non idèntifiée en<br />
direction du bAtiment du PJV du Premier ministre, Mme Tansu Ciller, situé dans<br />
le centre-ville, faisant quatre blessés dont un membre <strong>de</strong> la sécurité, <strong>et</strong><br />
provoquant <strong>de</strong>s dégAts matériels, selon les mêmes sources.<br />
L'individu a ensuite mitraillé les locaux <strong>et</strong> pris la fuite avec une autre<br />
personne qui gu<strong>et</strong>tait les lieux au moment <strong>de</strong> l'attaque revendiquée ~ar le<br />
Parti séparatiste <strong>de</strong>s Travailleurs du Kurdistan (PKK) dans <strong>de</strong>s appels<br />
téléphoniques anonymes A plusieurs quotidiens.<br />
Il s'agissait d'engins explosifs A fragmentation <strong>de</strong> fabrication<br />
at~tisanale, selon la police.<br />
CEl jm/bt~<br />
AFP 290908 DEC 93<br />
\.FP.- \~l'IIL'l'll.lllllilt"l'- \.I.P. - bllll'll.lllll'llll'''l'- \.I.i> - \~l'l]ll'II,lllll'l'll'''l'- \.I.P. - \~lllll'i LllIll'I'll'''l' - \.IY<br />
FRA0270 4 l 0262 TUR IAFP-GF87<br />
Turquie-Kur<strong>de</strong>s lead<br />
Au moins 22 tués, dont 12 soldats, <strong>de</strong>puis mardi dans le sud-est anatolien<br />
ISTANBUL, 29 déc (AFP) - Au moins 22 personnes, dont 12 soldats, ont été<br />
tuées <strong>et</strong> une vingtaine <strong>de</strong> civils blessés <strong>de</strong>puis mardi dans le sud-est<br />
anatolien A majorité kur<strong>de</strong>, .selon un nouveau bilan rapporté par l'Agence<br />
Anatolie.<br />
Les 12 soldats ont été tués A Dargecit (près <strong>de</strong> Mardin) quand un camion<br />
les transportant a sauté mardi soir sur une mine placée par <strong>de</strong>s rebelles<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>s sur la route reliant Dargecit A Mardin, selon la même source.<br />
Neuf rebelles kur<strong>de</strong>s du parti <strong>de</strong>s Travailleurs du Kurdistan (PKK,<br />
séparatiste) ont été tués mercredi par <strong>de</strong>s forces <strong>de</strong> l'ordre effectuant <strong>de</strong>s<br />
opérations dans la région montagneuse <strong>de</strong> Hakkari (sud-est), a déclaré dans un<br />
communiqué la super-préfecture<br />
l'agence Anatolie.'<br />
d'état d'urgence A Diyarbakir, citée par<br />
Un autre rebelle kur<strong>de</strong> a été également tué A Baykan (sud-est, souspréfecture<br />
<strong>de</strong> Siirt),<br />
lutte contre le PKK.<br />
a-t-on indiqué à la super-préfecture, qui coordonne la<br />
16 autres personnes, dont plusieurs étudiants, ont été blessées mercredi<br />
par une bombe qui explosé dans la cantine <strong>de</strong> l'Université <strong>de</strong> Diele (sud-est,<br />
Diyarbakir). La responsabilité <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong> attentat a été attribuée au PKK.<br />
Le PKK a revendiqué l'explosion <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux grena<strong>de</strong>s dans les locaux du parti<br />
gouvernemental<br />
gt~ave.<br />
<strong>de</strong> la Juste Voie (PJV) A Ankara, faisant 4 bless~s dont un<br />
Au moins 204 personnes ont trouvé la mort dans <strong>de</strong>s inci<strong>de</strong>nts entre forces<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'ordre<br />
mois.<br />
<strong>et</strong> rebelles dans l'est <strong>et</strong> le sud est Anatoliens <strong>de</strong>puis le début du<br />
KG/mb/mfo<br />
AFP 291801 DEC 93<br />
142
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
turkish daily news - December 29, 1993<br />
Poised Hammer exten<strong>de</strong>d for six months<br />
Coalition governemnt gains slim majori~in Parliament after tough <strong>de</strong>bate with opposition parties<br />
ANKARA- Despite wi<strong>de</strong>splead objection from the<br />
opposition as well as from some <strong>de</strong>puties of the ruling<br />
parties, Poised Hammer's (currently dubbed Operation<br />
Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort) mandate was exten<strong>de</strong>d another six<br />
months by Parliament on Tuesday. During the voting,<br />
of the 358 <strong>de</strong>puties present, 196 voted for the extensIon,<br />
160 voted against and two abstained. The voting<br />
had been <strong>de</strong>layed for two hours by the opposition parties,<br />
whose strong objections caused a disruption in<br />
the general <strong>de</strong>bate. In a move to appease three True<br />
Path Party (DYP) <strong>de</strong>puties who had submitted an alternative<br />
draft on Poised Hammer, Prime Minister<br />
Tansu Çiller ad<strong>de</strong>d a new statement to her proposal,<br />
reaffirming "the importance Turkey attached to the<br />
territorial integrity of Iraq and the protection of human<br />
rights in northern Iraq."<br />
Despite Çiller's statement, JO DYP <strong>de</strong>puties as well<br />
as some opposition members, sup~rted DYP Istanbul<br />
Deputy Co~kun Klrca's draft, which called for only a<br />
three-month extension of Poised Hammer.<br />
On the other hand, the Republican People's Party<br />
(CHP) argued that the allied coalition force should leave<br />
its current position insi<strong>de</strong> Turkey.<br />
The Motherland Party (ANAP) proposed that the<br />
force's mandate be exten<strong>de</strong>d for only three months<br />
with monthly reports submitted to Parliament on the<br />
issue. "Extending the force for three months would be<br />
a serious warning to our allies and would show that<br />
Turkey is <strong>de</strong>termmed to hold the strings of the force,"<br />
ANAP Istanbul Deputy Engin Güner said in the <strong>de</strong>bate<br />
..~owever, the proposal was challenged by Foreign<br />
MIOIster Hikm<strong>et</strong> ç<strong>et</strong>m who claimed that information<br />
was provi<strong>de</strong>d to Parliament only when it was <strong>de</strong>emed<br />
necessary.<br />
Ç<strong>et</strong>in assured Parliament that the activities of the<br />
POised Hammer forces were "un<strong>de</strong>r the strict control<br />
of Turkey." "It is wrong to think that the global interest<br />
in northern Iraq would end if we drove OUIthe Pois~~<br />
~ammer forces," Ç<strong>et</strong>in said in reply to <strong>de</strong>pulies'<br />
"Neither will driving out the force solve Turkey's<br />
economic problems in southeast Anatolia;" he ad<strong>de</strong>d.<br />
Çelin stressed that Poised Hammer's mandate was in<br />
accordance with the chief of staff's directives.<br />
"There is a Turkish comman<strong>de</strong>r who has the same<br />
status as his American counterpart," he said. "Moreover,<br />
there is a Turkish officer that accompanies each<br />
fligh!."<br />
~nkara had required that a Turkish officer participate<br />
m each sortie from the Incirlik air base, where. the<br />
force i~stationed, after increased press reports that the<br />
operation was!roviding food and military aid to the<br />
PKK (outlawe Kurdi~tan W()rker~' Party).<br />
Ç~~in als~ repeated the government's<br />
traditIOnal hne that the absence of Poised<br />
Hammer forces could result in another<br />
Kurdish exodus from Iraq to Tur-<br />
~ey, as ha~ be~n the .case in April 1991.<br />
A ne~ mlgrat.lOn nught create chaos in<br />
the regIon. which would mean an increase<br />
in PKK power," Ç<strong>et</strong>in said.<br />
The foreign minister ad<strong>de</strong>d that ihe<br />
presence of the Poised Hammer forces<br />
ma<strong>de</strong> it easier for T,urkey to .carry out<br />
cross-bor<strong>de</strong>r operatIOns against PKK<br />
militants st
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />
on had examined a total of I, \00<br />
export files which pertained to 467<br />
companies, including the firms<br />
which belonged to DYP Trabzon<br />
Deputy Mehm<strong>et</strong> Ali Yllmaz, and<br />
that he and his colleagues had not<br />
:exerted any efforts either to clear or<br />
to <strong>de</strong>fame anybody. He <strong>de</strong>clared .<br />
. that they had tried to document all<br />
the information which they had obtained<br />
and that they had only inclu<strong>de</strong>d<br />
in their report claims for which<br />
documentation existed.<br />
Öztürk said, ."We have discovered<br />
that all the legislation which has<br />
encouraged fictitIous export had heen<br />
passed by Parliament during the<br />
preTIJ.ier.ship of late Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Turgut<br />
Ozal. In view of this fact, which<br />
emerged as our ex,!.mination went<br />
on, I even accused Ozal of treason.<br />
He later filed a lawsuit against ..me<br />
but I was acquitted in court. Ozal<br />
appealed agaInst the <strong>de</strong>cision but<br />
the High Court of Appeals had upheld<br />
the ruling of the lower court.<br />
That is to say, the COl!rtshad found<br />
my statement about Ozal, whom I<br />
had accused of treason, valid.".Pointing<br />
out that he had been left. on<br />
his own during his work and that a<br />
certain section of the DYP had even<br />
disturbed him ~s he was carryin~<br />
out his duties, Oztürk said, "I don t<br />
feel regr<strong>et</strong>, however I am worried<br />
about my political future, because I<br />
can read the signs."<br />
Noting that the<br />
which the commission<br />
information<br />
had requested<br />
from the relevant institutions or<br />
organizations contained discrepancies<br />
which stemmed from "<strong>de</strong>liberate<br />
and ill-intentioned" acts. However<br />
he stated that the members of<br />
the commission had taken information<br />
from the Central Bank into<br />
consi<strong>de</strong>ration during their investigation.<br />
He said they had also revealed<br />
the link b<strong>et</strong>ween terrorism and<br />
fictitious exports.<br />
"PKK engaged in<br />
fjctitious export"<br />
Oztürk said that the documents<br />
which they had obtained as they<br />
were probIng the fictitious export<br />
issue had revealed the existence of<br />
a direct link b<strong>et</strong>ween fictitious ex-<br />
. e0rts and the PKK. He continued,<br />
'The nephews of the Armenian Yanikyan,<br />
who had ma<strong>de</strong> a martyr of<br />
Turkey's consul general in Los Angeles<br />
In 1973, had sent fictitious export<br />
money to Turkey through a<br />
secr<strong>et</strong> account in Switzerland. In other<br />
words, the transactions had been<br />
carried out so as to make it look<br />
as if the money had been sent in r<strong>et</strong>urn<br />
for an item exported from Turkey.<br />
There were no exported goods<br />
however. Only the cash. This episo<strong>de</strong><br />
has been documented. Think<br />
about the connections involved in<br />
this matter of fictitious exports ... I<br />
hereby explicitly <strong>de</strong>clare that the<br />
documents have shown that it has<br />
been the PKK that has directed the<br />
fictitious exports in the Southeast.<br />
One of the lawyers who <strong>de</strong>fen<strong>de</strong>d<br />
the fictitious exporters now serves<br />
as a DEP <strong>de</strong>puty un<strong>de</strong>r the roof of<br />
Parliament. "<br />
Noting that in general, fictitious<br />
exports. took place through small<br />
customs checkpoints h\\vmg. "one<br />
director and one seal," Oztürk said<br />
b<strong>et</strong>ween many new customs posts<br />
of this kind had been opened b<strong>et</strong>ween<br />
1984 and1987. .<br />
.Öztürk said, "It is noteworthy that 70<br />
percent and even 80 percent of the top<br />
personnel employed at the customs offices<br />
are from three or four southeastern<br />
provinces. Most of them have been hired<br />
on the basis of l<strong>et</strong>ters of recommendation.<br />
The commission has also examined<br />
the files nertainin!! to these cases." In<br />
reply to a 4uestion as to how the money<br />
taken from the state through tïc.~itious<br />
exports had gone to the PKK. Oztürk.<br />
said, "The money reaches the PKK in.<br />
two ways.<br />
First of all. PKK members themselves<br />
have s<strong>et</strong> up firms engaged<br />
ous exports and have received<br />
in fictiti-<br />
their money<br />
abroad, mostly from banks with a<br />
single branch. Individuals' links with<br />
the PKK have been documented by the<br />
police. It was us who investigated these<br />
l'Ol1lf1:tnir~ :lI1d rli~('(1\'('r('dtl1:11 thl'\' \\'rre<br />
all imagina!)'. Often you find a graveyard<br />
or an empty field at the gi\:en<br />
address. Once there was even a pohce<br />
station .<br />
"The second m<strong>et</strong>hod used by the<br />
PKK to gain money through lïctltious<br />
exports is extortion. They discover fictitIOUSexporters<br />
and extort money from<br />
them, or they organize the business and<br />
take their cut. I can contïrm that if the<br />
PKK has two major sources of finance,<br />
one of them is drug trafficking and Ihe<br />
other is the state treasurv."<br />
TL 200 billion approved for<br />
starting work on Urfa Tunnels<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- The Public Works and Housing<br />
Ministry has approved the first half of<br />
the TL 400 billion loan that the AkpInarfirm<br />
has <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>d from the Turkish Development<br />
Bank. The loan is for the construction<br />
of the Urfa Tunnels,<br />
the most critical component<br />
of the Southeast Anatolia Project<br />
(GAP).<br />
The construction of the tunnels had been<br />
halted for several months due to the financial<br />
crisis of the contracting firm Akpmar. The<br />
company had stopped work on the tunnels,<br />
claiming that skyrock<strong>et</strong>ing cement prices<br />
had created serious financial problems for<br />
the company.<br />
The firm then submitted a request for<br />
government assistance to resolve the matter,<br />
though the articles of the original<br />
mentIOned no such option.<br />
contract<br />
.<br />
Akpmar had applied to the Turkish Development<br />
Bank for a low-interest TL 400 billion<br />
loan to start the work. The Anatolia<br />
Kurdish party<br />
proposes truce in<br />
separatist fight<br />
Reuter<br />
AN KARA- Turkey's Kurdish-based Democracy<br />
Party (DEP) proposed on Tuesday<br />
a ceasefire b<strong>et</strong>ween Turkish government<br />
forces and Kurdish separatists until<br />
nationwi<strong>de</strong> local elections on March 27.<br />
"If a lasting .truce is not possible, then<br />
we invite the si<strong>de</strong>s to mutual ceasefire<br />
news agency reported that TL 200 billion of<br />
this amount had been approved and sent to<br />
the Public Participation Administration<br />
(KOl).<br />
The Public Works and Housina Minister,<br />
Onur Kumbaraclba~l, told Anatoiia that the<br />
loan, which will come from the KOl's financial<br />
resources. will be exten<strong>de</strong>d to the firm<br />
un<strong>de</strong>r the supervision of the State Hydraulic<br />
Works (DSl). Kumbaraclba~1 said that the<br />
ministry plans to compl<strong>et</strong>e the tunnels one<br />
year before the scheduled time, and that the .<br />
lITigation of the Harran valley will start next<br />
irrigation season. "If the company does not<br />
start work after it g<strong>et</strong>s the loan, the contract<br />
will be cancelled, and we will reopen public<br />
bidding for the project," said the minister.<br />
Akpmar executives had announced earlier<br />
that the cement prices over the past. few<br />
years have gone up significantly above the'<br />
rate of <strong>de</strong>preciatIOn of the Turkish lira<br />
against the dollar and this has put the company<br />
into serious financial jeopardy.<br />
from Jamiary I to March 30 during the<br />
election tim<strong>et</strong>able,"<br />
. said in a statement.<br />
DEP party council<br />
The separatist Kurdistan<br />
Workers Party (PKK) has said it may<br />
disrupt the elections in the mainly-Kurdish<br />
southeast and east. The PKK killed<br />
eight Turkish soldiers in two overnight attacks<br />
on a bor<strong>de</strong>r post in Siirt province<br />
and on military buildings in Idil township,<br />
the Anatolian news agency said. Another<br />
soldier and a civilian were shot <strong>de</strong>ad in<br />
Diyarbalar city by gunmen on Monday.<br />
About 10,500 people have been killed m<br />
Turkey since 1984 when the PKK<br />
launched a war for a separate Kurdish<br />
state.<br />
144
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE lA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETÎ<br />
Kurd militants threaten<br />
travellers to Turkey<br />
Turkish Dailv Nc"'s<br />
BONN- Militant Kurds' on Tuesday warned<br />
European tourists<br />
<strong>de</strong>ath in separatist<br />
to stay out of Turkey or risk<br />
attacks. Militants of the outlawed<br />
Kurdistan Worker Party (PKK) fi2:hting<br />
for secession from Turkey would launch a campaign<br />
against tourism in the spring. Kani Y tlmaz<br />
of the Kurdistan National Liberation Front<br />
(ERNK) told the Gennan magazine Stem.<br />
"I warn all Europeans: anybody<br />
to Turkey puts thw life at risk,'<br />
who travels<br />
Y tlmaz was<br />
quoted by Reuters as saying in an interview released<br />
before the weekly goes on sale on<br />
Wednesday.<br />
"Every German mark that a tourist spends in<br />
Turkey means the <strong>de</strong>ath of one person in Kurdistan.<br />
That is why the tourism industry is a serious<br />
targ<strong>et</strong> for us."<br />
Stern said the ERNK speaks on behalf of the<br />
PKK, whose bloody war has killed more than<br />
10.000 people since 1984.<br />
Germany banned the PKK and 35 affiliated<br />
groups last month, branding them a domestic security<br />
threat after a wave of Kurdish<br />
Turkish stores and offices in Europe.<br />
atta('ks on<br />
Turkey llnab?~to confirm<br />
reports that Ocalan killed<br />
The Associated<br />
Press<br />
ANKARA- The Turkish government said on<br />
Tuesday that it was checking out news repoljs that<br />
fugitive Kurdish guerrilla lea<strong>de</strong>r Abdullah OcaIan<br />
was killed but that it couldn't confinn them.<br />
Turkish papers ran stories that Öcalan, chainnan<br />
of the ille~~r Kurdistan Workers' party, or PKK,<br />
was either Killed or woun<strong>de</strong>d.<br />
"These reports that he was either killed or<br />
woun<strong>de</strong>d also reached us. But, it was not possible<br />
to confinn them," Nahit Mente~e, the intenor minister,<br />
told state television.<br />
The PKK is fighting a guerrilla war for self-mie<br />
in Turkey's Kurdish-dominated southeast.<br />
There was a similar stir two we~~s ago when a<br />
Turkish newspaper reported that Ocalan was arrested<br />
in Syria and he would be soon extradited to<br />
Turkey.<br />
Those reports were never confirmed. The 44-<br />
year-old guerrilIa lea<strong>de</strong>r has resi<strong>de</strong>d in Syria since<br />
1980. '<br />
Turkey has been pressi~~ Iran and Syria to cease<br />
logistic support to the PK!\..<br />
Aigreurs<br />
gréco-turques<br />
LE r.tour au pouvoir d••<br />
.oclan.t ••• Athèn•• n'a pa.<br />
aménoré I.. r.latlon. .ntr. la<br />
Grèc•• t la Turqul., ancrb.<br />
dan. un. Inlmltl6hl.torlqu.<br />
qui date d. l'Emplr. ottoman:<br />
I.. d.ux pay. .'accu •• nt<br />
mutu.lI.m.nt d. cré.r d••<br />
t.n.lon. dan. la région.<br />
Un. fol. d. plu., l'abei.<br />
chyprlot••• t' l'orlgln. d. c.t<br />
6chang. d'amabliith.<br />
Athèn•• , qui hllt désormal. du<br />
natlonaU.m. un mot d'ordre<br />
offlcl.I, vl.nt d. définir un.<br />
nouv.lI. doctrln. mllltair.<br />
IncluantChypr. dan•••• plan.<br />
d. dM.n••. Autant dir. qu'Anlcara,qui<br />
occup. mlIItalr.m.nt<br />
- <strong>et</strong> I1l6gal.m.nt- I. nord d.<br />
l'n. d.pul. 1974, ••t dlr.ct.-<br />
m.nt vi". C.rt•• , n n•• 'aglt<br />
que du nouv.1 épl.od. d'un<br />
long f.ulll.ton, .t Sul.yman<br />
O.mlr.l, I. pré.ld.nt turc, quJ<br />
r.prochalt c.tt. nouv.lltt dOj::-<br />
trine • la Grèc.. lundi 27<br />
déc.mbr., n'a pa. voulu dramati••<br />
r.<br />
MAIS I•• gouv.rnant. turc. -<br />
toujours •• n.lbl•• aux provo.<br />
cation. v.rbal.. d. I.ur voi.in<br />
- ont d•• rai.on. d'itr. n.rv.ux<br />
• l'approch. du pr.ml.r<br />
•• m•• tr. 1994, qui v.rra<br />
Athèn•• a••ur.r la pré.id.nc.<br />
d. l'Union .uropé.nn.: nul<br />
b•• oin d'Itre grand cl.rc pour<br />
prédire que la Grèc. n. f.ra<br />
ri.n, p.ndarrt c.. .ix mol.,<br />
pour r.ndr. la vi. facll. • la<br />
Turqui.. C.U.-ci .'.mploi.<br />
av.c opiniAtr.té è r•••• rr.r<br />
••• Ii.n. av.c un. communauté<br />
• laqu.n•• n. rive d'appart.nir<br />
un jour.<br />
.Alor. que I. -problèm. kur<strong>de</strong><br />
n'.n finitpa. d'.mpoi.onn.r la<br />
vi. politiqu. d. la Turqui•.<br />
c'•• t I. mom.nt qu'a choi.ll.<br />
bouillant mini.tr. gr.c d••<br />
affair.. .uropé.nn •• , Théodore<br />
Pangalo., pour .ncourag.r<br />
I.. Kurd.. • déf.ndr.<br />
I.ur. droits fac. au régime<br />
d'Ankara, accu.é d. «train.r<br />
••• bott••• nsanglanté••• ur<br />
I•• tapi•• uropé.n. »...<br />
Néanmol,n" .ur ce «front»<br />
kurd., la Turqui. vi.nt d. r.mport.r<br />
qu.lqu.. .uccè •.<br />
D'abord, av.c I•• m•• ur••<br />
pri•••• n Franc•• t .n AU•.<br />
magne contr. I••• ympathi.<br />
.ant. du Parti d•• travaill.ur.<br />
du Kurdi.tan (PKK); .n.uit.,<br />
parc. qu.. .i ••• voi.in.<br />
proch.-ori.ntaux ti.nn.nt<br />
I.ur. prom..... , il. d.vral.nt<br />
c•••• r d'apport.r I.ur .outl.n<br />
aux .éparati.t ••.<br />
MAIS voil' que d. Mo.cou<br />
arriv.nt ,d. nouv.aux<br />
fi .ignaux» propr.s • réactiv.r<br />
I. vi.ux compl.x. d'.nc.rcl •.<br />
m.nt d•• Turc.. lor. d. la<br />
même confér.nc. d. pr••••<br />
où il dénoncait l'attitu<strong>de</strong> d. la<br />
Grèc., M. O.mir.1 .'.st<br />
inquiété d. la monté•• n pui.-<br />
.anc. d. la «t.ndanc. Jirinovaki..<br />
Le dirig.ant ultra-nationali.t.,<br />
valnqu.ur d••<br />
é1.ctlon. du 12 déc.mbr •• n<br />
Rus.I•. a accu.é la Turqui. d.<br />
vi.é••• xpan.ionnlst•• dan. I.<br />
Cauca••• t .n A.I. c.ntral.,<br />
.n la traitant d' «.nn.mi hi.-<br />
toriqu•• d. la Ru•• I.. la Tur.<br />
qui. rl.qu., décidém.nt<br />
d'avoirI••• ntlm.nt dang.r.u~<br />
qu'.U. n. peut compt.r que<br />
sur .II.-mim •.<br />
145
REVUE DE PRESSE~PRESS REVIEW~BERHEVOKAÇAPÊ~RMSTA STAMPA~DENTRO DE LA PRENSA~BASINÖZETi<br />
Thursday,December 3n, 1993 turkish daily news<br />
Terrorist attacks continue:<br />
12 soldiers killed, 22 civilians woun<strong>de</strong>d<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- At least 12 soldiers were killed and<br />
22 university stu<strong>de</strong>nts and employees injured in<br />
southeastern Turkey in two separate acts of terrorism,<br />
the Anatolian news agency reported on<br />
Wednesday.<br />
Twelve Turkish gendarmerie commandos were<br />
killedduring and after an attack on a military post<br />
by the outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK).<br />
Anatolia said five soldiers and seven terrorists<br />
were killed when the PKK attacked the gendar-<br />
. merie post in the village of Kllavuz in Mardin on<br />
Tuesday night.<br />
Seven soldiers died later when their vehicle<br />
struck a land mine apparently planted by the escaping<br />
terrorists. In another explosion, at a caf<strong>et</strong>eria<br />
in the Diele University complex in DiyarbaJar<br />
on Wednesday morning, 22 stu<strong>de</strong>nts and employees<br />
were woun<strong>de</strong>d.<br />
Anatolia said the two blasts were heard from<br />
insi<strong>de</strong> as employees and stu<strong>de</strong>nts entered the caf<strong>et</strong>eria<br />
for lunch. The condition of three of the<br />
woun<strong>de</strong>d was reported as critical and a fire<br />
caused damage in the building.<br />
No one claImed responsibility for the attack.<br />
. On Tuesday, two bombs explo<strong>de</strong>d at an Ankara<br />
office belongmg to Turkey's ruling True Path Party<br />
(DYP) wounding four people. An uni<strong>de</strong>ntified<br />
attacker woun<strong>de</strong>d a guard, two party officials and<br />
a doorman and caused material damage at the<br />
building in the resi<strong>de</strong>ntial district of Amttepe.<br />
No one claimed responsibility for this attack either,<br />
but the Marxist group Dev-Sol (Revolutionary<br />
Left) is known to have carried out similar attacks<br />
on security and political targ<strong>et</strong>s in big cities.<br />
Security officials believe the Dev-Sol and PKK<br />
are cooperating in urban activities.<br />
The attacks on Tuesday and Wednesday follow<br />
the proposal by the Kurdish-based Democracy<br />
Party (DEP) for a cease-fire b<strong>et</strong>ween government<br />
forces and the PKK in preparation for the local<br />
elections which are to be held in March.<br />
The DEP said the truce should go into effect by<br />
Jan. I and run until the end of March. The<strong>et</strong>ections<br />
are scheduled for March 27.<br />
A statement issued by the party ad<strong>de</strong>d that the<br />
DEP was consi<strong>de</strong>ring withdrawing from the election<br />
race if "it is to be held un<strong>de</strong>r the shadow of<br />
arms."<br />
But it also stated that the legality of any election<br />
without the participation of the DEP would<br />
be questioned. .<br />
There was no immediate reaction to the truce<br />
proposal from the government. The PKK had said<br />
earlier that it was possible for talks to begin with<br />
Ankara but only if its <strong>de</strong>mands were m<strong>et</strong>. In or<strong>de</strong>rs<br />
to his region~1 comman<strong>de</strong>rs last month, PKK<br />
lea<strong>de</strong>r Abdullah Ocalan had said his organization<br />
may consi<strong>de</strong>r a new cease-fire "for tactical reasons,"<br />
before launching its attacks for 1994.<br />
A previous cease-fire <strong>de</strong>clared unilaterally in<br />
March by the PKK broke down after about two<br />
months when the PKK said it had failed to draw<br />
the Turkish government into negotiations. Ankara<br />
argued that the terrorists had used this period to<br />
regroup and organize for a new wave of violence.<br />
25MPs from coalition parlies do<br />
not attend voting on Poised Hammer<br />
Nine SlIP <strong>de</strong>puties vote against the extension while two nyp <strong>de</strong>puties abstain<br />
TDN Parliament Bureau<br />
ANKARA- A total of 25 <strong>de</strong>puties of the ruling coalition<br />
parties, the True Path Party (DYP) and the SOCIal Democrat<br />
People's Party (SHP), did not attend the parliamentary<br />
voting for the extension of Operation Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort's<br />
mandate for another six months.<br />
Despite intensive objection from the opposition, Parliament<br />
exten<strong>de</strong>d Operation Provi<strong>de</strong> Comfort's mandate, also<br />
. referred to as Poised Hammer, for another six<br />
months.<br />
Nin<strong>et</strong>een<strong>de</strong>puties from the senior coalition partner<br />
DYP and six <strong>de</strong>puties from the SHP did not particIpate in<br />
the voting while nineother SHP <strong>de</strong>puties voted against<br />
the extension.<br />
Also two DYP <strong>de</strong>puties -- Co~kun Klrca and Mustafa<br />
Tmaz Titiz -- abstained during the voting. Klrca and Titiz<br />
had earlier presented a motion for the extension of the<br />
Poised Hammer's mandate for only three months; their<br />
motion, however, was rejected then.<br />
The SHP <strong>de</strong>puties who voted against the extension<br />
are: Mümtaz Soysal,<br />
Abuzer Tannverdi,<br />
Nami çagan, CelaI<br />
Cemal<strong>et</strong>tin Gürbüz,<br />
Kürkoglu,<br />
Mehm<strong>et</strong><br />
Kerimoglu,<br />
Yerlikaya.<br />
Ercan Karaka~, Mustafa<br />
.<br />
Yllmaz and Sinan<br />
The majority of the 17 pro-Kurdish Democracy Party<br />
(DEP) <strong>de</strong>puties did not participate in the voting. Five of<br />
the DEP <strong>de</strong>puties who participated in the voting -- Hatip<br />
Diele, Zübeyir Aydar, Ali Yigit,. Remzi Kartal and Nizam<strong>et</strong>tin<br />
Toguç -- cast no votes against the extension. Seven<br />
in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong>puties were also among those who did<br />
not attend the parliamentary<br />
present during the voting,<br />
voting. Of the 358 <strong>de</strong>puties<br />
196 voted for the extension,<br />
160 voted against and two abstained. The extension will<br />
be effective as of Dec. 31.<br />
146
Democracy Party opposes changes in Election Law<br />
Claims amendments aim to create afraudulent electoral system<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- Democracy Party (DEP) Chainnan<br />
Hatip Dicle claimed on Wednesday that the recent<br />
amendment to the Electoral Law aImed to create a<br />
fraudulent electoral system.<br />
At a press conference in Parliament, Dicle said<br />
he and his colleagues would not take political responsibility<br />
for an election where un<strong>de</strong>mocratic<br />
provisions of the Electoral Law would be applied.<br />
Dicle ad<strong>de</strong>d that if such election fraud continued<br />
to be supported, his party would reconsi<strong>de</strong>r<br />
participating m the elections.<br />
Asked if that meant his party would <strong>de</strong>cline<br />
from participating in the upcoming elections, Dicie<br />
said that the issue first had to be discussed<br />
within the party before any <strong>de</strong>cision could be given.<br />
Dicle said that the DEP wanted to be certain<br />
that the elections take place un<strong>de</strong>r free conditions.<br />
The DEP chairman criticized Presi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
Süleyman Demirel, Chief of Staff Gen. Dagan<br />
Güre~ and presiding .Judge of the Constitutional<br />
Court Yekta Güngör Oz<strong>de</strong>n for adopting positions<br />
against his party.<br />
Dicle claimed that the lawsuits filed in an attempt<br />
to close down the DEP and the removal of<br />
dirlomatic immunity from some <strong>de</strong>puties, were<br />
al politically motivated.<br />
He further claimed that those cases violated<br />
both international accords to which Turkey was a<br />
signatory and Article 90 in the Constitution.<br />
Northern Iraq reported calm after Kurdish clashes<br />
'Iran and other cOlmtries in the region are)lOt happy with the Kurdish <strong>de</strong>mocratic, mlllti-party experiment. They fear the <strong>de</strong>mocratic system'<br />
By Alistair Lyon<br />
Reuters<br />
AN KARA- An Iraqi Kurdish spokesman<br />
said on Wednesday that calm had r<strong>et</strong>urned to<br />
northern Iraq after a week of fighting b<strong>et</strong>ween<br />
his faction and Islamic fundamentalists in<br />
which about 30 people were killed and up to<br />
150 woun<strong>de</strong>d.<br />
"The clashes have subsi<strong>de</strong>d. It is tinished,"<br />
Latj(Rashid, London-based spokesman of the<br />
Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK), led by<br />
lalal Talabani, told Reuters by telephone. A<br />
PUK 'statement on Tuesday said all the fundamentalists'<br />
bases had been captured and<br />
scor,es of its tighters arrested, but spoke of<br />
i~ated pock<strong>et</strong>s of resistance in remote locations.<br />
Rashid said about 30 people had been<br />
killed and 100 to 150 woun<strong>de</strong>d in battles<br />
which began on December 21. The two si<strong>de</strong>s<br />
used mortars, rock<strong>et</strong> launchers and heavy machine<br />
guns,<br />
He said the PUK had han<strong>de</strong>d Mullah Osman<br />
Abdul Aziz, the captured lea<strong>de</strong>r of the<br />
Islamic Movement of Kurdistan (lMK), to<br />
Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) lea<strong>de</strong>r<br />
Masoud Barzani. Barzani had repeatedly appealed<br />
for a cease tire and offered to mediate<br />
m the conflict which engulfed wi<strong>de</strong> areas of<br />
the north and spread to major cities such as Irbil<br />
and Sulaimaniya.<br />
A U.N. official in Baghdad also said that<br />
the violence had died down and aid distribution<br />
was back to nonnal. "Now the situation is<br />
qui<strong>et</strong>. We're doing our work normally," Mohammed<br />
Zejjari, the U.N. coordinator in Iraq,<br />
told Reuters. He said trucks carrying relief<br />
goods were moving as usual, but a U.N. omcial<br />
in Ankara said trucks were piling up at<br />
the Turkish bor<strong>de</strong>r after convoys were suspen<strong>de</strong>d<br />
late on Monday. Zejjari voiced concern<br />
on Tuesday for the saf<strong>et</strong>y of his 500 international<br />
staff in the area. They inclu<strong>de</strong> 287<br />
lightly armed y.N. guards who protect aid<br />
convoys and rehef workers.<br />
The violence, the latest in a series of clashes<br />
involving the Islamic Movement, was<br />
among the ~worst b<strong>et</strong>ween Iraqi Kurdish<br />
groups since they took control of a large<br />
swathe of northern Iraq after the 1991 Gulf<br />
War, backed by allied air power. Western<br />
warplanes based in Turkey still patrol northern<br />
skies to <strong>de</strong>ter the Baghdad government<br />
from attacking the Kurds. The KDP and PUK,<br />
the biggest guerrilla groups in the north,<br />
emerged as joint winners from parliamentary<br />
elections held in 1992 and fonn the backbone<br />
of a regional Kurdish government.<br />
They have generally put their past disputes<br />
behind them in an effort to buifd a credible<br />
Kurdish authority backed by an integrated<br />
force containing guerrillas from all factions.<br />
The Islamic Movement has refused to obey<br />
government rules or to merge its militia with<br />
the unified pe,~hmerga force. Friction with<br />
pro-government l'orees, particularly those loyal<br />
to the <strong>de</strong>terminedly secular PUK, has<br />
som<strong>et</strong>imes !lared into violence. The PUK<br />
statement said the Kurdish lea<strong>de</strong>rship was discussing<br />
arranoements to assess how "the resurgence<br />
of the threat from militant fundamentalism<br />
could be avoi<strong>de</strong>d in the future".<br />
Rashid blamed Iran fo'r ir.citing the IMK to<br />
<strong>de</strong>fy the fragile Kurdish government and lin<strong>de</strong>nnine<br />
its authority.<br />
"The Islamic Movement was encouraged by<br />
Iranian ~roups, by the Iranian government,"<br />
he said. Iran and other countries in the region<br />
are not happy with the Kurdish <strong>de</strong>mocratic,<br />
multi-party experiment. They fear the <strong>de</strong>mocratic<br />
system. He said Iran had mobilized<br />
forces on the bor<strong>de</strong>r during the past week's<br />
fighting and had shelled villages in the Qala<br />
Dlzeh and Raniya areas. This could not be in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>ntly<br />
contirmed. Rashid said the IMK<br />
was welcome to operate like any other political<br />
party in the north within the parliamentary<br />
system.<br />
"They got only four percent of the vote in<br />
the elections, but they want to impose their<br />
will on the other 96 percent. They want a<br />
government according to sharia (Islamic<br />
law)." "We are not agamst Islam. We are all<br />
Moslem. But we think people should have the<br />
freedom to choose," he ad<strong>de</strong>d. "We want to<br />
change from u militia soci<strong>et</strong>y to one ruled by<br />
law and or<strong>de</strong>r."<br />
147
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
Ankara prepares to <strong>de</strong>epen ties with Baghdad<br />
Turkish official says high-level Iraqi <strong>de</strong>legation due to arrive after new year<br />
Turkish Daily News<br />
ANKARA- The highest level official Iraqi<br />
dcJegation to visit Turkey since the Gulf War<br />
is expecled to arrive in Ankara after the new<br />
year for technicaltalks, a senior Turkish oflicial<br />
said on Wednesday.<br />
Foreign Ministry spokesman Ferhat Ataman<br />
said the exact date of the visit, and the names<br />
of Ihe Iraqi officials to come to Ankara, had<br />
not y<strong>et</strong> been sel, but notedthat contacts on the'<br />
~ssue b<strong>et</strong>ween the Iwo countries was continu-<br />
I~.<br />
'<br />
, Foreign Minister<br />
firmed Ihe reports<br />
Hikm<strong>et</strong> Celin earlier con-<br />
and said Ihc Iraqi si<strong>de</strong> had<br />
for some lime been wanting to hold talks, and '<br />
that a reply had been sent in favour of strengthening<br />
contacts. Yel he played down<br />
portance of the upcominJ; meelings.<br />
the im-<br />
"There is not a very Important situation al<br />
hand. We will simply evaluale the issue oflhe<br />
pelroleum pipeline," he said, wilhout elaborating<br />
further.<br />
'<br />
In his weekly me<strong>et</strong>ing with journalists Ataman<br />
said that the lalks would be a continuation<br />
of the technical contacls belwe.:n Ihe two co-<br />
, unlries. He also ad<strong>de</strong>d thaI Turkey was conlinuing<br />
ils <strong>de</strong>liberalions<br />
on this issue. Foreign<br />
wilh the United States<br />
Mini\trv sourn" ,aid the<br />
lalks would beheld allhe level of minislry un<strong>de</strong>rsecrelaries,<br />
and thallhe focal point would<br />
Le Mon<strong>de</strong> - 30 décembre 1993<br />
'<br />
be Turkey's access to oil fromthe'Kirkuk-Yumurtallk<br />
pipeline. which has been c10sell down<br />
since the war. During her recentvisit 10 the<br />
Uniled States, Turkish Prime Minister Tansu<br />
Çiller had reportedly tried to convince American<br />
officials that owing to her Gulf War losses,<br />
Turkey should be allowed to obtain oil from<br />
th~ipeline. '<br />
<strong>et</strong>m hall said last September that Turkev<br />
ha losl $600 million because of the closure (lf<br />
Ihe Iraqi-Turkish pipeline. It was shut down as<br />
part of the U.N. embargo on Iraq in August<br />
1990, after the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.<br />
~e 98~km long twin oil pipeline connecting<br />
the rich Kirkuk fields to the Turkish Mediterranean<br />
pOl1 of Ceyhan has a pumping capacity of<br />
, 1.5 million barrels per day. Smce it was shut<br />
down, Turkey has not bccn able to obtain any<br />
oil or income fromthis source.<br />
According to Turkey's anibassador to the<br />
United States, Nüzh<strong>et</strong> Kan<strong>de</strong>mir, Turkey's losses<br />
due 10 the U.N. embargo have tOlalled $20<br />
billion in four years.<br />
After a me<strong>et</strong>ing b<strong>et</strong>ween Çiller and Presi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
,Bill Clinton last October, Clinton said<br />
Turkish and U.S. experts would seek<br />
ways of alleviating Turkey's losses without<br />
involving<br />
ment transfers.<br />
go\'ernment-to-govern-<br />
According to a government official,<br />
.Baghdad and Ankara <strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong>d on Ihe<br />
upcoming \'isit after Iraqi Prime Minis-<br />
-ter Ahmed Hussein Hudayir sent a message<br />
to Çiller calling for Turkish cooperatl0n,<br />
Sources said that. d'uring the talks,<br />
Turkey was preparing to raise the issue<br />
of gelling a ,,0 percent share of the p<strong>et</strong>roleum<br />
in the Kirkuk- Yumurtalik pIpeline,<br />
and believed Iraqi officials would<br />
cooperate on this issue.<br />
But both si<strong>de</strong>s would then have to take<br />
the <strong>de</strong>mand to the United Nations<br />
for approval.<br />
Another issue which Turkey is reportedly<br />
preparing to raise at the me<strong>et</strong>ing<br />
is the threat ol a possible Kurdish state<br />
coming into being in northern Iraq. Officials<br />
said Ankara was uncomfortable<br />
with the authority vacuum in the region<br />
a.nd :-vo~]d repeat its support for the terntonal<br />
IIltegnty of Iraq. The Associated<br />
Press quoted a Turkish official as sa-<br />
.ying that Turkey would also recom-<br />
,mend that Iraq open a dialogue with the<br />
Kurds and comply with U.N. Gulf war<br />
:resolutions, and thus bring an end to the<br />
'international economic embargo on their<br />
country. Turkey has been trying to<br />
persua<strong>de</strong> the United Nations to allow it<br />
to receive Iraqi oil imports.<br />
IRAK'<br />
Des affrontements entre Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
ont. fait <strong>de</strong>s dizaines <strong>de</strong> morts<br />
LIBÉRATION - 30 décembre 1993<br />
Lç Parlement turc a voté,<br />
mardi 28 septembre, la reconduction<br />
pour six mois <strong>de</strong> la présence<br />
en Turquie <strong>de</strong> l~ force multinationale<br />
<strong>de</strong> protection <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
Irakiens, alors que <strong>de</strong>s affrontements<br />
entre Kur<strong>de</strong>s ont fait <strong>de</strong>s<br />
dizaines <strong>de</strong> morts <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> blessés<br />
dans le nord, <strong>de</strong> l'Irak.<br />
Ces affrontements ont opposé<br />
l'Union patriotique du Kurdistan<br />
,(UPK, <strong>de</strong> Jalal Talaba'ni) - qui<br />
'forme, avec le Parti démocratique<br />
du Kurdistan (PDK, <strong>de</strong> Massoud<br />
Barzani), le « gouverne-<br />
.ment» kur<strong>de</strong> - à la Ligue<br />
.'isiàmique kur<strong>de</strong> (UK), une formation<br />
pro-iranienne. Selon <strong>de</strong>s<br />
s()urçes kur<strong>de</strong>s, ces combats ont<br />
fait, dimanche 26 <strong>et</strong> lundi<br />
27 décembre, au moins 31 tués <strong>et</strong><br />
134 blessés dans la seule ville <strong>de</strong><br />
Souleimanyé. Vingt-<strong>de</strong>ux per-<br />
sonnes avaient été tuées la<br />
semaine <strong>de</strong>rnière.<br />
En visite en Syrie, M. Talabani<br />
a affirmé, mardi, que les combats<br />
avaient cessé <strong>et</strong> que la UK avait:<br />
déposé les armes. Toutefois, le<br />
même jour,' l'UPK a fait état,'<br />
dans un communiqué, <strong>de</strong> l'exis-.<br />
tence «<strong>de</strong> quelques poches isolées<br />
<strong>de</strong> résistance <strong>de</strong> la part <strong>de</strong> fugitifs<br />
<strong>de</strong> la LlK. dans certaines régions<br />
.éloignées )), bien que le r<strong>et</strong>our à<br />
la normale ait commencé partout<br />
ailleurs dans le Kurdistan,<br />
notamment à Erbil <strong>et</strong> à Souleimanyé,<br />
théâtre <strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>rniers<br />
affrontements. « Les bases <strong>et</strong><br />
quartiers généraux <strong>de</strong> la UK ont<br />
été neutralisés <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s dizaines <strong>de</strong><br />
ses miliciens arr~tés», ajoute le<br />
communiqué. -: (AFf.)<br />
IRAK. Les combats interkur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
Ont fait au moins 72 morts <strong>et</strong><br />
250 blessés dans le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak<br />
sous contrôle kur<strong>de</strong>. Les affrontements<br />
avaient débuté le 20 décembre.<br />
. ns.se sont achevés lundi par la défaite<br />
,<strong>de</strong> fa Ligue islamique kur<strong>de</strong> (pnriranienne)<br />
face à l'Union patriotique du<br />
'Kurdistan <strong>de</strong> JaIaI TaIabani.<br />
148
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS IŒVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RwISTA<br />
STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
24 Heures - 30 décembre 1993<br />
Les Kur<strong>de</strong>s se battent maintenant<br />
sur <strong>de</strong>ux fronts distincts<br />
Au moins 12 soldats ont été tués ~<br />
une vingtaine <strong>de</strong> civils blessés lors<br />
d'inci<strong>de</strong>nts <strong>de</strong>puis mardi dans le sud-est<br />
anatolien, rapportait hier l'agence turque<br />
anatolie. Les 12 soldats ont été tués à Dargecit<br />
lorsqu'un camion les transportant a<br />
sauté mardi soir sur une mine placée par<br />
<strong>de</strong>s rebelles kur<strong>de</strong>s sur la route reliant<br />
Dargecit à Mardin.<br />
Seize autres personnes, dont plusieurs<br />
étudiants, ont été blessés mercredi par<br />
l'explosion d'une bombe dans la cantine<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'université <strong>de</strong> Diele. La responsabilité<br />
<strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te explosion a été également attribuée<br />
aux rebelles du PKK. Celui-ci a par<br />
ailleurs revendiqué l'explosion <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux<br />
grena<strong>de</strong>s aux locaux du parti gouvernemental<br />
<strong>de</strong> la Juste Voie (PJV), à Ankara,<br />
qui a fait quatre blessés dont un grave.<br />
Quelque 200 personnes ont trouvé la<br />
mort dans <strong>de</strong>s inci<strong>de</strong>nts entre forces <strong>de</strong><br />
l'ordre <strong>et</strong> rebelles dans l'est <strong>et</strong> le sud-est<br />
anatoliens à majorité kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>puis le début<br />
du mois.<br />
D'autre part, au moins 72 personnes<br />
ont été tuées <strong>et</strong> quelque 250 autres blessées<br />
dans <strong>de</strong>s affrontements interkur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
qui ~ sont déroulés entre les 20 au 27 décembre,<br />
à Souleimanieh <strong>et</strong> Erbil, dans le<br />
nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak sous contrôle kur<strong>de</strong>, selon<br />
un bilan provisoire <strong>de</strong> sources kur<strong>de</strong>s.<br />
Les combats se sont terminés par la défaite<br />
<strong>de</strong> la Ligue islamique kur<strong>de</strong> (KIL),<br />
une formation pro-iranienne, contre<br />
l'Union patriotique du Kurdistan (UPK)<br />
<strong>de</strong> Jalal Talabani. Des affrontements ont<br />
également eu lieu dans la région <strong>de</strong> Rania<br />
(est). Le «premier ministre» kur<strong>de</strong>,<br />
Abdoullah «Kosrat» Ressoul (UPK), a déclaré<br />
que l'UPK avait pris le contrôle <strong>de</strong><br />
toutes les bases <strong>de</strong> la KIL dans le Kurdistan<br />
irakien <strong>et</strong> qu'il n'y avait plus <strong>de</strong><br />
possibilités que les combats reprennent.<br />
(cAttristés»,<br />
Le gouvernement kur<strong>de</strong>, non reconnu<br />
intemationalement, a été formé en 1992<br />
par l'UPK <strong>et</strong> le Parti démocratique du<br />
Kurdistan (PDK) <strong>de</strong> Massoud Barzani,<br />
dans les régions qui échappent <strong>de</strong>puis octobre<br />
1991 au contrôle du régime du prési<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
Saddam Hussein. «Nous sommes<br />
attristés <strong>de</strong> ces combats. Nous aurions<br />
préféré résoudre le problème d'une autre<br />
manière, mais la KIL ne nous a pas<br />
donné le choix. Nous <strong>de</strong>vions réagir», a<br />
affirmé Ressoul.<br />
Selon ce gouvernement kur<strong>de</strong>, la UK<br />
pourra poursuivre ses activités politiques<br />
mais ne pourra plus utiliser les mosquées<br />
à <strong>de</strong>s fins <strong>de</strong> propagan<strong>de</strong> après avoir été<br />
accusée d'exécuter un plan iranien pour<br />
déstabiliser la région. - (afp)<br />
L'Agriculteur NorDland - 30 décembre 1993<br />
Agriculteurs du Kurdistan<br />
((Ils ont besoin d'ai<strong>de</strong> !))<br />
Serge Méhoudin, qui s'occupe<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'Association d'ai<strong>de</strong> aux agriculteurs<br />
du Kurdistan (Irak), lance un véritable cri<br />
d'alarme, «ils n'ont plus rien <strong>et</strong> ils ont réellement<br />
besoin d'ai<strong>de</strong>».<br />
_ Brimés par le gouvernement<br />
irakien, coincés entre la récente<br />
guerre du golfe <strong>et</strong> leur propre<br />
lutte pour leur indépendance,<br />
les Kurdistanais ont <strong>de</strong> quoi désespérer.<br />
« 3400 villages ont été détmits<br />
par la guerre. L'agriculture, élément<br />
vital <strong>de</strong> la vie kurdistanaise, a été<br />
complètement détmite ,). Bref, Serge<br />
Méhoudin <strong>et</strong> son équipe ont du<br />
pain sur la planche.<br />
DEUX PROJETS REALISES<br />
l'action effectuée par l'association<br />
basée à Hambye (Manche) a<br />
conduit à la réalisation <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux<br />
proj<strong>et</strong>s. « La construction dime pépinière<br />
à Dohuk, grâce aux donß, notamment<br />
<strong>de</strong> 70 000 jeunes plahts <strong>de</strong><br />
pommiers, pêchers, poiriers, puis la<br />
distn.bution <strong>de</strong> 45 kilos <strong>de</strong> semences<br />
(choux, carottes, aubergines, poivrons<br />
<strong>et</strong>c.. .) Semences gracieusement offertes<br />
par <strong>de</strong>s sociétés productrices di'<br />
graines. Enfin pour 1993, nou~<br />
avons un troisiéme proj<strong>et</strong>, celui <strong>de</strong> la<br />
reconstruction d'un village, en l'occurrence<br />
Paraki~. C'est pourquoi<br />
Serge Méhoudin <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> pour<br />
ces agriculteurs <strong>de</strong>s graines <strong>et</strong> jeunes<br />
plants d'arbres fruitiers, <strong>de</strong>s<br />
'semences <strong>de</strong> légumes mais aussi<br />
<strong>de</strong> riz, d'orge <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> luzerne, <strong>de</strong>s<br />
engrais simples <strong>et</strong> composés, <strong>de</strong>s<br />
produits phytosanitaires, <strong>de</strong>s produits<br />
\'étérinaires (médicaments.<br />
\'.àccins, instruments d'inséminat:on<br />
<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> soins) du matériel pour<br />
~mcentre d'apiculture <strong>et</strong> un centre<br />
d'aviculture. Par ailleurs, l\miversité<br />
<strong>de</strong> Soulaimaniyah recherche<br />
pour sa station expérimentale<br />
<strong>de</strong>ux stations <strong>de</strong> pompage, <strong>de</strong>s<br />
tracteurs, <strong>de</strong>s charrues, <strong>de</strong>s pulvérisateurs<br />
<strong>et</strong>c, même usagés, Un<br />
<strong>de</strong>rnier mot, pour bien cerner l'im- .<br />
portance <strong>de</strong> l'ai<strong>de</strong> qui sera apportée,<br />
l'agriculture dans cene partie<br />
du mon<strong>de</strong> est indissociable <strong>de</strong> la<br />
culture kurdistanaise, c'est en eff<strong>et</strong><br />
dans c<strong>et</strong>te région que l'on a r<strong>et</strong>rouvé<br />
les premières traces <strong>de</strong><br />
plantations bien avant que le sol<br />
européen ne soit cultivé.<br />
E.e.<br />
Pour tous renseignements<br />
<strong>et</strong> dons: Association d'ai<strong>de</strong><br />
aux agriculteurs du Kurdistan<br />
d'Irak, lila Martinière",<br />
50450 Hambye. Téléphone:<br />
33.50.74.27. ou 33.90.42.07.<br />
Fax: 33 51 9310<br />
149
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
MAGAZINE<br />
LE COURRIER • .JE. 30/VE. 31 DËe/SA. ter/DI. 2 .JANVIER 1994<br />
CINÉMA<br />
La salle du Scala fait (re)découvrir<br />
le premier rIlm kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> l'histoire<br />
AIQ.rs que le peuple kur<strong>de</strong> affronte une nouvelle offensive, le Scala propose ((Mem <strong>et</strong> ZÎmJ<br />
d'Umit Elcit, une œuvre qui a déjà été proj<strong>et</strong>ée lors du Festival <strong>de</strong>s films du Sud.<br />
Le film d'Ümit Elcit raconte<br />
une légen<strong>de</strong> ancestrale du peuple<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>. Mais à travers le<br />
martyre <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux amants, il'<br />
évoque en réalité la tragique<br />
histoire <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te population persécutée.<br />
La nuit du Nouvel-An kur<strong>de</strong>, le<br />
Novro (le 21 mars), un vieil homme<br />
conte à un auditoire attentif l'histoire<br />
<strong>de</strong> Mem <strong>et</strong> Zîn, une légen<strong>de</strong> transmise<br />
oralement <strong>de</strong> génération en génération<br />
<strong>de</strong>puis la nuit <strong>de</strong>s temps. En 1695, le<br />
grand poète Ehmedê Xani la rédigera<br />
pour la première fois en langue kur<strong>de</strong>.<br />
Deux frères, doux <strong>et</strong> braves, rencontrent,<br />
un soir <strong>de</strong> N ovro, <strong>de</strong>ux sœurs<br />
belles <strong>et</strong> fragiles comme <strong>de</strong>s perles <strong>de</strong><br />
rosée. Dès que leurs, regards se croisent,<br />
leurs cœurs s'unissent à jamais.<br />
Tandis que les aînés peuvent se marier,<br />
les ca<strong>de</strong>ts, Mem <strong>et</strong> Zin, voient<br />
leur union sans cesse repoussée. Mais<br />
plus fort que les machinations <strong>de</strong>s intrigants,<br />
leur amour blessé les portera<br />
fU.sq4'à la tombe.<br />
UNE ŒUVRE SYMBOLE<br />
Derrière la tragédie <strong>de</strong> ces <strong>de</strong>ux<br />
amants, comparable à celle <strong>de</strong> «Roméo<br />
<strong>et</strong> Juli<strong>et</strong>te» ou <strong>de</strong> «Tristan' <strong>et</strong><br />
Iseult», se cache l'histoire du peuple<br />
kur<strong>de</strong>. Représenté pàr Mem - celui-ci<br />
est coupé <strong>de</strong> la patrie qu'il chéritincarnée<br />
par Zîn, <strong>de</strong>puis l'aube <strong>de</strong>s siècles.<br />
Dans ce film, les personnages ne<br />
se limitent pas à dé simples rôles. Ils<br />
prennent <strong>de</strong>s valeurs symboles qui se<br />
traduisent par leurs attitu<strong>de</strong>s, leurs<br />
gestes. De fil en aiguille, la narration<br />
'présente ainsi les traditions kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>et</strong><br />
explique le comment <strong>et</strong> le pourquoi du<br />
pourrissement <strong>de</strong> la situation. L'obéissance<br />
absur<strong>de</strong> <strong>et</strong> obstinée à <strong>de</strong>s règles<br />
'ancestrales contraint les personnages à<br />
subir <strong>de</strong>s événements dictés par une<br />
implacable logique.<br />
Par son traitement, «Mem <strong>et</strong> Zîn»<br />
fait penser aux grands mélodrames du<br />
cinéma indien, eux-mêmes calqués<br />
sur lé modèle <strong>de</strong> la tragédie classique.<br />
Gros plans sur <strong>de</strong>s regards chargés<br />
d'émotions contenues, jeu <strong>de</strong>sèomêdiens<br />
qui touche à la pantomime <strong>et</strong>.<br />
usage systématique du symb6iismc.<br />
Mais qu'importe si les ficelle!>sont<br />
plus grosses qu'une cor<strong>de</strong> à saUter,<br />
elles sont en tout cas soli<strong>de</strong>s. Et on se<br />
prend aujeu, avant d'être foudroyé par<br />
l'ampleur <strong>de</strong> la tragédie. Tout est beau<br />
dans ce' fibn, à commencer par les<br />
magnifiqU~:paysages <strong>et</strong> la musique.<br />
,,'<br />
ADG<br />
Entr<strong>et</strong>ien<br />
Ümit Elcit a officiellement dû tourner<br />
«Mem <strong>et</strong> Zîn»en langue turque. Puis,<br />
il a synchronisé 1e son en kur<strong>de</strong>.<br />
Pourquoi ce film?<br />
- C<strong>et</strong>te vieille légen<strong>de</strong> m'a permis <strong>de</strong><br />
présenter la beauté <strong>de</strong> la culture kur<strong>de</strong>.<br />
Bien peu <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s ~avent qu'ils ont<br />
. ".<br />
. ". :;'~".... .<br />
(~Mem<strong>et</strong> Zî.;)) est une légen<strong>de</strong> ancestrale qui 'traduit aussi l'actuelle situation du peuple kur<strong>de</strong>.<br />
150
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVlEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
un passé aussi doré. Je voulais leur<br />
montrer qu'ils pouvaient ètre fiers <strong>de</strong><br />
leur I<strong>de</strong>ntité.<br />
Etes-vous vous-même Kur<strong>de</strong>?<br />
_ Je n'aime pas tellement c<strong>et</strong>te questiqn,<br />
car je suis Turc avant tout <strong>et</strong> je<br />
m'i<strong>de</strong>ntifie totalement à ce pays. Par le<br />
passé, le problème <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s ne se<br />
posait pas avec la mème acuité. Nous<br />
étions tous embarqués sur le mème<br />
navire. Mes grands-parents sont originaires<br />
d'Anatolie orientale, <strong>et</strong> j'ai sûrement<br />
du sang kur<strong>de</strong> dans mes veines.<br />
Peut-on considérer «Mem <strong>et</strong> Zîn»<br />
comme la première étape d'un travail?<br />
- Oui, mais ce n'est pas simple. Car il<br />
faut affronter non seulement la censure<br />
gouvernementale, mais aussi celle,<br />
encore plus dangereuse peut-être,<br />
<strong>de</strong>s extrémistes. J'ai déjà recu <strong>de</strong>s menaces<br />
voilées. Certains trouvent en.eff<strong>et</strong><br />
que je ne suis pas allé assez loin<br />
avec «Mem <strong>et</strong> Zîn». Moi,je ne suis pas<br />
un anarchiste, je ne suis pas agressif.<br />
Toutefois, je considère que ce film<br />
'n'est qu'une première étape pour présenter<br />
le Kurdistan. Je ne pouvais <strong>et</strong> ne<br />
voulais pas lui donner une teneur politique<br />
plus prononcée.<br />
Quels sont les problèmes que rencontrent<br />
les cinéastes turcs?<br />
- Le problème numéro un, c'est l'argent.<br />
Le cinéma américain colonise<br />
totalement les salles du pays. Les films<br />
que nous faisons ne sont vus que par<br />
très peu <strong>de</strong> personnes. Et pas la peine<br />
<strong>de</strong> penser à l'exportation ... En Turquie,<br />
l'argent que vous injectez dans<br />
un film ne vous procure rien en r<strong>et</strong>our.<br />
En le réalisant, nous faisons <strong>de</strong> la résistance.<br />
Propos recueillis par<br />
ALFIO DI GUARDO<br />
turkish daily news - December 31, 1993<br />
PM Çiller in DiyarbakIr today for New Year<br />
Turkish Daily News Ankara's argument that Turkey had man}: measures have been taken both lery fire, and the issue turned into a<br />
ANKARA- Prime Minister Tansu control everywhere in its territories. for (,:iIIer's protection and to restore major <strong>de</strong>bate. Officials accepted after-<br />
Çiller is travelling to the Southeastern Ministerial s~urces ~old the.TDN that the city, at least the' areas where the wards that at least TL 5 billion had to<br />
provincial capital of Diyarabir today th~y ha~ ~olced thIS r.ea~tlOn to the prime minister will be visiting. Lice be allocated for the reconstruction of<br />
to spend New Year's Eve with securi- pnme mInIster but she insIsted on go- was subject to fierce gun and heavy Lice.<br />
ty personnel fighting separatist terror- Ing to the ~outheast. . . artillery fire on Oct. 22 after an 'al- This week security forces in the<br />
ism in the region and boost local mo-, ," AccordIng to one offICIaI, who leged attack on local security forces town spee<strong>de</strong>d up their efforts to fill in<br />
raie. asked not to be named: "If Turkey by militants of the outlawed Kurdi- holes opened by machine gun fire and<br />
Çiller, un<strong>de</strong>r heavy protection, will does have control ------------ stan Workers' Party lift the <strong>de</strong>bris of unrepairable. homes.<br />
also attend the drawing for the nation- ,everywhere, why (PKK). Locals have Meanwhile, it was reported that cans<br />
al lottery and New Year's Eve cele- does she make claimed since that of paint have been dIstributed to the<br />
brations'. Following this, she is to s~ch a show? It -----. - -------- there had been no local population so they could work<br />
travelto the town of Lice which, on gIves a wrong message and a mlstak- clash and security forces opened fire on the reconstruction project them-<br />
Oct. 22, 1993, was puI'led to the en image." Another problem which on the town at random, Not a single selves. Reports have reached Ankara '<br />
l'round after security forces opened. surfaced before the visit ~as the fact official building but the municipality that certain districts of the town which<br />
fire on it. Sources said the program 'that some ~ell-known singers and was hit during the inci<strong>de</strong>nts which re- the prime minister has refused la visit<br />
encountered serious problems from groups publicly refused. to travel to portedly claimed 30 lives. But 70 per- :for the past two months are being fulthe<br />
very beginning. They said even the regIOn (or celebratIOns on the cent of the town's population migrated ly repaired. These districts are said to<br />
the senior ministers of Çiller's govern- grounds that It was dangerous and the to nearby DiyarbakIr in fear. be ones which Çiller will be visiting.<br />
ment were against what they bran<strong>de</strong>d pay was low. . . . Many districts of the s<strong>et</strong>tlement Even soldiers are said to be working<br />
as her "window-show," emphasizing As for the LIce leg of her VISit, were compl<strong>et</strong>ely <strong>de</strong>stroyed with artil- on the construction project.<br />
DEP Deputy Aydar claims troops kill two villagers<br />
Turki,\/J D.lily NeIVs<br />
ANKARA- A Kurdish-origin member of the<br />
.Turkish Parliament claimed this week that two<br />
villagers had recently been killed by government<br />
troops in the Southeast. Pro-Kurdish Democracy<br />
Party (DEP) Siirt Deputy Zübeyir Aydar claimed<br />
that both vi<strong>et</strong>ims were villagers and <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>d an<br />
explanation from the Interior Ministry on why and<br />
how they had been killed,<br />
In a written motion to Parliament, Aydar relayed<br />
the cases of villagers Emin Kaya and Ce vat<br />
Tok<strong>de</strong>mir.<br />
Tok<strong>de</strong>mir was allegedly executed by a special<br />
crack team in front of his children while Kaya's<br />
body was found in a river with his stomach split<br />
open and filled with stones -- following his <strong>de</strong>tention.<br />
Aydar said that gendarme soldiers from the<br />
Güçlükonak post rai<strong>de</strong>d the village of<br />
Dügünyurdu (Taruni) on Dec. 24 and. after a<br />
compl<strong>et</strong>e search, <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>Li the village chieftain.<br />
When they coulLi not tind the chieftain, however,<br />
they <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>d that Kaya, 30, a father of three<br />
and a member of the village council. accompany<br />
them.<br />
After one day passed, the villagers went to the<br />
station to ask about Kaya but were told by an uni-<br />
L1entified comman<strong>de</strong>r that he knew no one by that<br />
name.<br />
According to Aydar's account, villagm found<br />
the remains of Kaya's burned clothing near the Tigris<br />
river on the evening of Dec. 26. On Dec. 27,<br />
they spotted his body in the river. Marks on the<br />
body reportedly indicated that Kaya had been<br />
hanged.<br />
Also, his stomach hall been slit open and filled<br />
with stones. Aydar said that the whole village had<br />
witnessed gendarme troops escorting Kaya from<br />
his home.<br />
In the second inci<strong>de</strong>nt, which Aydar said had<br />
occurred on Dec. 28. a group of soldiers accompanied<br />
by special crack teams entered the village of<br />
Çevrimtepe<br />
local time.<br />
(Girdaka) in Siirt at about 10:00 p.m.<br />
Aydar claimed that<br />
house of 35-year-old<br />
the soldiers went to the<br />
Ce vat Tok<strong>de</strong>mir and <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>d<br />
that he open the door. When he refused in<br />
fear, they allegedly barged insi<strong>de</strong> and opened<br />
on him in front of his children.<br />
fire<br />
Tok<strong>de</strong>mir, father of six. was later reported in an<br />
Emergency Law communique<br />
killed during a security operation.<br />
as "a terrorist"<br />
In his two written motions, Aydar <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>d<br />
that the interiOl' minister explain what was happening,<br />
and that he inform the Parliament wh<strong>et</strong>her<br />
any investigations had been launched regarding<br />
what he refmed to as "these mur<strong>de</strong>rs,"<br />
151
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RMSTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
PKK targ<strong>et</strong>s press again<br />
New bans imposed on newspaper distributors<br />
Turkish Daily Ne"'s<br />
DIYARBAKIR - The outlawed<br />
Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)<br />
resumed its self-style ban on the<br />
Turkish press this Thursday, and<br />
or<strong>de</strong>red newspaper distributors to<br />
halt all activitIes.<br />
Sources said the PKK or<strong>de</strong>rs<br />
were issued by telephone, and that<br />
distributors in this Southeastern<br />
provincial capital were warned<br />
against bringing Turkish newspapers<br />
to the area.<br />
The PKK had previously<br />
banned newspapers and journalists<br />
in the region but later told<br />
them that they could continue activities<br />
until further notice.<br />
Observers believe the new ban<br />
is in r<strong>et</strong>aliation to security operations<br />
dire.çted against the pro-<br />
Kurdish O~,gür Gün<strong>de</strong>m daily.<br />
Dealers of Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m in the<br />
region have been <strong>de</strong>tained and allegedly<br />
tortured in the past days.<br />
The newspaper's manager and<br />
editor in chief 111 Istanbul, as weH<br />
as many correspon<strong>de</strong>nts throughout<br />
Turkey, are still in custody.<br />
Meanwhile, an uni<strong>de</strong>nl1fied<br />
caHer told newspapers that the<br />
PKK's so-called Popular Liberation<br />
Front (ERNK) claimed responsibility<br />
for Wednesday's explosion<br />
at the caf<strong>et</strong>eria of Dicle<br />
University in DiyarbakIf.<br />
A total of 22 stu<strong>de</strong>nts and university<br />
employees were woun<strong>de</strong>d,<br />
and officials said three of the victims<br />
were in critical condition.<br />
The PKK had earlier banned all<br />
educational institutions from functioning<br />
in the Southeast region.<br />
The daily Aydmhk reported on<br />
Thursday that the caHer had said<br />
such attacks would continue if the<br />
organization's or<strong>de</strong>rs were not<br />
obeyed.<br />
Officials said Wednesday's explosion<br />
could have claimed several<br />
dozens of lives had it occurred<br />
at lunchtime. But the bomb reportedly<br />
went off just when the stu<strong>de</strong>nts<br />
were entering the caf<strong>et</strong>eria.<br />
Le Mon<strong>de</strong> - 31 décembre 1993<br />
TURQUIE<br />
Attentat kur<strong>de</strong><br />
contre les locaux du parti<br />
du premier ministre<br />
Qu<strong>et</strong>re personnes ont été blessées<br />
<strong>de</strong>ns un attent<strong>et</strong> 1IIl'explosif<br />
<strong>et</strong> 1II1'arme • feu perpétré merdi<br />
28 décembre" <strong>de</strong>ns le centre<br />
d'Ankere contre les loceux du<br />
Perti <strong>de</strong> le juste voie (DYP,<br />
droite) dirigé per le premier<br />
ministre turc, Moo Tenau Ciller. le<br />
Perti <strong>de</strong>s traveilleurs du Kurdlsten<br />
(PKK, séper<strong>et</strong>iste) e revendiqué<br />
c<strong>et</strong>te ection <strong>de</strong>ns <strong>de</strong>s eppels<br />
téléphoniques enonymes 1IIplusieurs<br />
quotidiens.<br />
Per eilleurs, le police e fouillé<br />
les locaux du bureeu d'Ankere du<br />
quotidien pro-kur<strong>de</strong> Ozgur Gun<strong>de</strong>m<br />
<strong>et</strong> e e"Oté merdi <strong>de</strong>ux journeliates<br />
<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux employés, e-t-on<br />
epprls luprlls du journel, dont<br />
plusieurs dlzelnes <strong>de</strong> collebor<strong>et</strong>eurs<br />
ont d4ljlllété interpellés lors<br />
df perquisitions simileires <strong>de</strong>ns<br />
d'autre. bureaux. Selon <strong>de</strong>s responsebles<br />
,du quotidien, les<br />
enql,lttea pollcl.es ont pour but<br />
<strong>de</strong> flprouver "exlarence d'un lien<br />
organique entre le journal <strong>et</strong> le<br />
PICK•. - (AFP, Reuter.)<br />
\.FP - b'IlL'l'IUIll\' Pr\"'l'- \,1 Il. - bllll' Ir,1l1ll' [ll"l"'l'- \.LI' - \~l'llll'l t.Illll' Pll'''l'- \.l'.P - \~l'llllll'.Illll' PI'L'''l' - \.I.ll.<br />
FRA0298 4 I 0146 EXT /AFP-PP72<br />
Ttlt'q u:i. e-~{,-wd ~~~<br />
Mme Cill~~ affirme que le PKK sera anéanti en 1994<br />
ISTANBUL, 31 déc (AFP) - Le Premier ministre turc, Mm~ fansu Cil:er, d<br />
affirmé vendredi que le Parti <strong>de</strong>s Travaileurs du Kurdistan (PKK, séparatiste)<br />
serait anéanti en 1994, lors d'une conférence <strong>de</strong> presse télévisée, dans le<br />
campus <strong>de</strong> l'Univ<strong>et</strong>~sité <strong>de</strong> Diele, J:l Diyat'bal-
REvuE DE PRESSE-PRESS REvIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RMSTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASlN ÖZETi<br />
\.1-'.1'. - b Illl" 1',1I1ll,I)ll'\\('- \.LP. - \~l'l1ll"I,ll1n' PI't'''('- \.1-:1'. - \~('llll"1,1I1n'Pn'''l'- \.1-'.1'. - \~('I1(l'l 1'.111((' Pll'\\(' -<br />
\.1.1'.<br />
FRA0278 4 G 0313 FRA IAFP-PKB4<br />
Ttlt'cs-incendie<br />
Manifestation è Mulhouse après l'incendie ayant fait SIX morts parmi la<br />
communauté turque<br />
MULHOUSE, 31 déc (AFP) - Un <strong>de</strong>mi-millier <strong>de</strong> manifestants, selon la police,<br />
ont défilé vendredi après-midi è Mulhouse sans inci<strong>de</strong>nt è l'appel du Centre<br />
c1.lltut"eltl.lt"C<strong>de</strong> la ville pow" t"éclam<strong>et</strong>" la "vét"ité" Sl.lt' l'incendie dans lequel<br />
ont péri le 21 novembre <strong>de</strong>rnier cinq membres d'une famille turque, ainsi<br />
qu'une fill<strong>et</strong>te <strong>de</strong> trois ans.<br />
Après la prière dans une mosquée <strong>de</strong> Mulhouse, les manifestants, tous <strong>de</strong>s<br />
hommes, se sont rassemblés è 15h00 <strong>et</strong> ont défilé durant plus d'une heure<br />
jusql.l'è l'immel.lble 0':1 avait éclaté l'incendie, <strong>et</strong> où une g<strong>et</strong>"be <strong>de</strong> flew's a été<br />
déposée par le Consul général <strong>de</strong> Turquie èStrasbourg, M. Ezcan Davaz.<br />
A la suite <strong>de</strong> la découverte <strong>de</strong> traces d'hydrocarbures dans les décombres<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'immeuble accréditant la thèse d'un sinistre d'origine criminelle,<br />
l'information judiciaire avait été requalifiée le 20 décembre en <strong>de</strong>struction<br />
volontaire par incendie ayant entrainé la mort <strong>de</strong> six personnes. De son côté,<br />
le propriétaire <strong>de</strong> l'immeuble a affirmé soupçonner <strong>de</strong>s séparatistes kur<strong>de</strong>s.<br />
Des cris hostiles au parti indépendantiste k~r<strong>de</strong> PKK ont été lancés au<br />
cours <strong>de</strong> la manifestation, dont les organisateurs avaient annoncé qu'elle<br />
serait silencieuse.<br />
Des ban<strong>de</strong>roles, déployées au cOté <strong>de</strong> drapeaux turcs, <strong>de</strong>mandaient notamment<br />
que "jl.lstice soit t"endue" <strong>et</strong> que "la vét"ité soit établie". Dans '.ln tt"act, le<br />
Centt"e cultw"el turc <strong>de</strong> Mulhouse estime ql.lel'incendie "ne peut en aucune<br />
façon êtt"e acci<strong>de</strong>ntel".<br />
La manifestation avait été autorisée par la sous-pr~fecture <strong>de</strong> Mulhouse en<br />
dépit <strong>de</strong> la <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> du maire <strong>de</strong> la ville, M. Jean-Marie Bockei, <strong>de</strong> l'interdire<br />
pOut' <strong>de</strong>s "motifs d' ot"dt"e public". Des ot"ganisations kut"<strong>de</strong>s qui avaient annoncp<br />
leur intention d'organiser un~ contre-manifestation ne sont finalement pas<br />
passées è l'acte.<br />
dt'o/pt'e<br />
AFP 311827 DEe 93<br />
PARIS-BONN<br />
Les Kur<strong>de</strong>s dans<br />
la ligne <strong>de</strong> mire<br />
En interdisant, simultanément,<br />
en novembre 1993, plusieurs<br />
associations kur<strong>de</strong>s sur leurs<br />
territoires, la France <strong>et</strong> l'Allemagne,<br />
États réputés démocratiques,<br />
ont offert leur soutien au<br />
gouvernement semi-autoritaire<br />
<strong>de</strong> Turquie qui les a remerciés<br />
pour le service rendu. Ankara,<br />
on le sait, exerce une répression<br />
violente contre le peuple kur<strong>de</strong><br />
qui lutte pour ses droits, y compris<br />
celui à l'autodétermination. Un peuple sans terre, <strong>de</strong><br />
vingt millions <strong>de</strong> personnes dispersées dans cinq pays<br />
(Turquie, Iran, Irak, Syrie <strong>et</strong> Azerbaïdjan). En France, où<br />
vivent quelque 80000 Kur<strong>de</strong>s, l'interdiction <strong>de</strong> leurs associations<br />
a été précédée d'une rafle <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> l'emprisonnement<br />
<strong>de</strong> vingt personnes. Parmi elles se trouvaient quatre militants<br />
<strong>de</strong> la CGT. C<strong>et</strong> acte ne peut que contribuer à l'intolérance<br />
<strong>et</strong> encourager au rej<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> l'autre, outre qu'il rem<strong>et</strong> en<br />
question le système <strong>de</strong>s libertés dans notre pays.<br />
153
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RWISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi<br />
18<br />
Turkish Probe December 3.0, 1993<br />
HUD1an Rights Diary<br />
Necmiye Arslano~lu, a reporter for the pro-Kurdish<br />
daily Ôzgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m, c.!aimsthat security forces who<br />
<strong>de</strong>tained her and an Ozgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m distributor on<br />
Dec. 9 on the DiyarbakJr-Ba~lar highway in the trouble9<br />
Turkish Southeast tortured them to unearth any<br />
possible links with the outlawed Kurdistan Workers'<br />
Party (PKK). The State Security Court (DGM) releases<br />
her for lack of evi<strong>de</strong>nce proving her connection<br />
with the PKK.<br />
(Cumhuriy<strong>et</strong>, Dee. 22)<br />
The members of the Joint Parliamentary Constitutional<br />
and Justice Commission <strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong> to remove the<br />
immunity of four pro-Kurdish Democracy Party (DEP)<br />
<strong>de</strong>puties, namely, Hatip Dicle, Leyla Zana, Ahm<strong>et</strong><br />
Türk and Mahmut Allnak. It also asks two other DEP<br />
<strong>de</strong>puties, Orhan Do~an and Sim Saklk, to present<br />
their <strong>de</strong>fense p<strong>et</strong>itions within 10 days. They face<br />
charges of sedition carrying the <strong>de</strong>ath penalty. It<br />
votes to maintain the immunity of a fifth <strong>de</strong>puty. Ankara's<br />
state security prosecutor wants to put the five on<br />
trial on charges of threatening Turkey's national unity<br />
and attempting to form another state on Turkish territory.<br />
(Newspapers, Dee. 24)<br />
The DGM arrests the editor and general manager<br />
of the pro-Kurdish newspaper Ôzgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m. Employees<br />
say the court arrested Editor Gurb<strong>et</strong>elli Ersöz<br />
and General Manager Ali Rlza Halis on charg.es of<br />
being PKK members. It releases 16 other Ozgür<br />
Gün<strong>de</strong>m journalists. Police rai<strong>de</strong>d the offices of the<br />
newspaper in Istanbul and other cities two weeks ago<br />
and <strong>de</strong>tained all of its employees. All but eight have<br />
been released.<br />
(Newspapers, Dec. 25)<br />
Turkish authorities <strong>de</strong>port a German journalist who<br />
was jailed on charges of helping rebel Kurds. Stefan<br />
Waldberg, 26, is released from jail in Izmir on a presi<strong>de</strong>ntial<br />
pardon and flown home to Germany. Presi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
Süleyman Demirel pardons him after receiving a<br />
medical report that he was suffering from "chronic<br />
psychosis." A court sentenced Waldberg to three<br />
years and nine months in January for helping and<br />
sheltering PKK terrorists. He was arrested in November<br />
1992 on suspicion of being a PKK courier. Tape<br />
cass<strong>et</strong>tes and documents of separatist Kurds were<br />
found in his possession.<br />
(Newspapers, Dee. 25)<br />
Can Yücel, a famous Turkish po<strong>et</strong>, is tried at an Istanbul<br />
criminal court on charges of having insulted<br />
the name of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the foun<strong>de</strong>r of<br />
the Turkish Republic, in an essay he wrote for Gerçek<br />
magazine. Yücel refers to an inci<strong>de</strong>nt in his piece<br />
where members of Izmir's Soci<strong>et</strong>y for the Protection<br />
of Animals bring a flower to an Atatürk monument.<br />
The flower happens to be carried by a dog. The prosecutor<br />
<strong>de</strong>mands that Yücel and Yücel ÖZ<strong>de</strong>mir, the<br />
editor in chief of the magazine, be punished for insulting<br />
Atatürk. The judge prevents Yücel from reading<br />
out his <strong>de</strong>fense in which he argues that the report<br />
by the expert appointed by the court is not acceptable.<br />
The court <strong>de</strong>fers the hearings to a later date.<br />
(Cumhuriy<strong>et</strong>, Dec. 25)<br />
Fourteen high school stu<strong>de</strong>nts are <strong>de</strong>tained in<br />
Izmir's Konak district. At the time of their <strong>de</strong>tention,<br />
they are at the office of the district education authority,<br />
having brought a p<strong>et</strong>ition bearing about 1,500 signatures<br />
of stu<strong>de</strong>nts from various high schools in the<br />
province complaining about disciplinary regulations.,<br />
Speaking to reporters in front of the entrance to the<br />
building, they say the disciplinary regulations in force<br />
are "fascist, reactionary" ones. They <strong>de</strong>mand their<br />
immediate annulment. Some time later, plainclothes<br />
policemen arrive at the scene, <strong>de</strong>tain the stu<strong>de</strong>nts.<br />
Eyewitnesses say they treat them roughly while forcing<br />
them into a police van.<br />
(Cumhuriy<strong>et</strong>, Dec. 25)<br />
Police in Istanbul's Kartal district open fire on passengers<br />
in a minibus which fails to comply with an or<strong>de</strong>r<br />
to halt. Two persons, i<strong>de</strong>ntified as Osman<br />
Tarlacl,'25, and Ylimaz Okumu~, 34, are woun<strong>de</strong>d. '<br />
(Cumhuriy<strong>et</strong>, Dec. 26)<br />
The DGM or<strong>de</strong>rs the closure of Özgür Gün<strong>de</strong>m for'<br />
two months and sentences its former editor to four<br />
years in jail. Employees say the Istanbul court on Friday<br />
or<strong>de</strong>red the closure of the daily for publishing articles<br />
<strong>de</strong>emed to be separatist propaganda. The court<br />
also sentenced itsformer editor, 1~lkYurtçu, to four<br />
years' imprisonment. Appeals have been lodgeq<br />
against both rulings. The newspaper will continue<br />
publishing until the verdict on the ban is approved by<br />
an appeals court.<br />
(Newspapers, Dec. 26)<br />
The High Court of Appeals upholds a sentence and<br />
fine passed on Associate Professor Fikr<strong>et</strong> Ba!?kaya,a ,<br />
lecturer at the law <strong>de</strong>partment at Abant University, for<br />
alleged sedition in his book "Westernization, Mo<strong>de</strong>rnization,<br />
Development, and the Bankruptcy of Paradigms."<br />
The Istanbul DGM had sentenced Ba~kaya<br />
to 20 months' imprisonment and fined him TL 41.6<br />
million. He had earlier appealed the court's <strong>de</strong>cision.<br />
Following the Court of Appeals' ruling, Ba~kaya tells<br />
reporters that he will refEùthe case to the European<br />
Human Rights Commission.<br />
(Cumhuriy<strong>et</strong>, Dee. 27)<br />
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