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2007 weli saSinao s a S ipolitika n a o p o l i t i k a _ albaT, orpalatiani parlamenti imis saSualebasac iZleva, rom sxvadasxva palataSi sxvadasxva sistemiT moxdes arCevnebi. _ ar arsebobs idealuri saarCevno sistema. yvelas aqvs garkveuli nakli. xarvezis Sesamcireblad qveynebi sxvadasxva xerxs iyeneben, maT Soris, martivs _ erTdroulad or gansxvavebul sistemas, raTa erTis nakli Seavsos meorem da piriqiT. parlamentSi orive gziT arCeuli adamianebi mox- vdebian, orpalatiani rocaa, SesaZlebelia, erT palataSi erTi sistemiT avirCioT, meoreSi _ me- oreTi, anu politikuri efeqtis TvalsazrisiT miviRoT garkveulwilad gansxvavebuli, gawonas- worebuli Sedegebi. ori palata aseve SesaZleblobebs iZleva, ganisazRvros palatis Semadgenloba qveynis teritoriuli erTeulebis mixedviT, anu warmomadgenloba mieces qveynis teritoriul er- Teulebs da, sadac saWiroa, privilegiebic, garkveuli kvotebic, faqtobrivi vetos ufleba, palataSi Tanamdebobebi da a.S. igulisxmeba ara marto avtonomiebi, sxva teritoriuli erTeulebic. aseTi ramis gakeTeba erTpalatian parlamentSi aris uaRresad saxifaTo, radganac vinmesTvis raime privi- legiis micema SeiZleba iqces sxvebis diskriminaciad. magram Tu es moxdeba erT palataSi, meores SeuZlia misi gawonasworeba. _ vinaidan saarCevno sistemaze vsaubrobT, dagvikonkreteT, rogor Seicvala maJoritaruli saarCevno sistema. _ es cvlileba gatarda Tbilisis sakrebulos arCevnebisas da Semdeg Sevida parlamentis arCeviT nawilSi _ gauqmda erTmandatiani saarCevno olqebiT parlamentis wevrTa arCeva da SemoiRes mraval- mandatiani _ yvelaze usamarTlo Sedegebis momtani sistema. iqmneba ramdenime mandatiani saarCevno olqi. partiebi waradgenen mokle partiul siebs. amomrCeveli xmas aZlevs am siebs, oRond Semdeg man- datebi nawildeba ara siebis mixedviT miRebuli xmebis proporciulad, aramed ase: romeli siac met xmas miiRebs, mas miaqvs yvela mandati, Tu am siisTvis micemuli xmebis raodenoba 30%-ze metia. vTqvaT, sammandatian olqSi 100 000 amomrCevlidan pirvel sias mxari dauWira 30 001 amomrCevelma, meores _ 30 000-ma, mesames _ odnav naklebma, samive mandati miaqvs pirvels, arada man meoreze mxolod erTi xmiT meti miiRo. gamodis, rom sami mandati waiRo im partiam, visac mxari dauWira 30001 kacma, magram xma ar misca 70 000-ma. es rom samarTliani sistema ar aris, cxadia. opoziciis nawili da mmarTveli partia SeTanxmdnen, rom am wess Secvlian. dResdReobiT saubaria ukeTesze, magram ara saukeTesoze. dRes yvelaze didi problema amomrCevelTa siebia _ varaudebi, damatebiTi siebi, mkvdari sulebi. amdeni weli amazea saubari da, xelisuflebas rom ndomeboda, amas ver moagvarebda? Taname- drove teqnologiebi saSualebas iZleva, gamoiricxos gayalbebis yovelgvari safuZveli. am sistemis mTlianad gakeTeba da amomrCevelTa aRricxva jdeboda milion-naxevari dolari. saprezidento da saparlamento arCevnebisaTvis ki csk-m moiTxova 30 milioni lari. Tu eleqtronul sistemas dav- nergavdiT, erTxel gviwevda im Tanxis gadaxda, Semdeg xarjebi iqneboda Zalian mcire. jer erTi, ramodena ekonomia gakeTdeboda wminda finansuri TvalsazrisiT. meorec: kenWisyris Sedegebis _ biuletenebis daTvlisas _ mowme varT, rogori siyalbeebi xdeba. wina parlamentSi me viyavi saga- moZiebo komisiis Tavmjdomaris moadgile, romelic adgilobrivi arCevnebis Sedegebs ikvlevda. suraTi sakmaod mZime iyo. Tu erTxel gaviRebT xarjs da Tanamedrove sistema Seiqmneba, bolos da bolos Sewydeba dava, rogori wesiT davakompleqtoT saarCevno komisiebi, radganac aseT SemTxveva- Si partiul warmomadgenlobas araviTari mniSvneloba aRar eqneba, kenWisyris Sedegebs daiTvlis manqana da saubno komisiebSi cametis nacvlad ori-sami teqnikuri mosamsaxure iqneba sakmarisi. Tu gvinda problemebisagan Tavi davicvaT, yvela vendoT arCevnebis Sedegs, aseTi ram unda gakeTdes. _ dRes sakmaod aqtiurad saubroben saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis axal modelze. Cvennairi bunebis, ganviTarebisa da mdgomareobis qveynisaTvis romelia ufro misaRebi _ saprezidento mma- rTveloba, saparlamento respublika Tu konstituciuri monarqia? 98 s a q a r T v e l o s p a r l a m e n t i
s a S i n a o p saSinao o l i tpolitika i k a weli modelis Secvlaze saubari iwyeba mxolod maSin, rodesac grovdeba ukmayofileba arsebulis s a q a r T v e l o s p a r l a m e n t i 99 2007 mimarT: yovelgvar uaryofiTs adamianebi abraleben models da ara imas, vinc am modelSi xelisuflebas axorcielebs. magram ZiriTadi mizezi adamianebSia da ara modelSi. ori saukunis ganmavlobaSi uzarmazari praqtika dagrovda _ msoflioSi gamoikveTa ramdenime tipuri modeli mmarTvelobisa. yvela demokratiul saxelmwifos safuZvlad udevs umTavresi da mniSvnelovani _ xelisuflebis danawilebis principi. paralelurad mimdinareobda mecnieruli kvleva im kanonzomierebebisa, romlebmac SeiZleba gamoiwvios uaryofiTi da dadebiTi Sedegebi. saxelmwifoSi umTavresi faqtori adamiania. adamianebi qmnian saxelmwifos imisaTvis, rom maTi uflebebi maqsimalurad iyos daculi. xelisufleba aris adamianebis mxolod mcire nawili, magram mas aqvs mosaxleobaze zemoqmedebisa da zegavlenis uamravi saSualeba, maT Soris, absolutu- ri privilegia Zaladobaze, Tumca adamianebs amisaTvis ar SeuqmniaT saxelmwifo. yvelaze ukeTesia xelisuflebis modelis raRac oqros Sualedis moZebna. modelebis daxasiaTebisas, Cveulebriv, sazogadoebaSi arsebobs ori jgufi. pirvelis mizani: umjobesia, xelisuflebas hqondes swrafi da efeqtiani gadawyvetilebebis miRebis saSualeba, Tundac Sekavebis susti meqanizmis pirobebSi. me- orisaTvis ki mniSvnelovania Sekavebisa da kontrolis ufro efeqtiani arseboba, Tundac swrafi gadawyvetilebebis miRebis Semcirebis xarjze, radgan is metad icavs sazogadoebas SesaZlo zianis miyenebisagan. am or midgomas Soris imTaviTve dawyebuli dava dRemde grZeldeba. orive midgo- maSi erTia saerTo: ar SeiZleba xelisufleba da misi ZiriTadi nawili moeqces erTi piris an erTi jgufis xelSi. ai, aman warmoSva Tavis droze xelisuflebis danawilebis idea. imis mixedviT, Tu rogoraa sakanonmdeblo da aRmasrulebeli xelisufleba formirebuli, viRebT sxvadasxva models. amaTSi yvelaze gavrcelebuli saprezidento respublikaa, romlis klasikuri magaliTia aSS. meore: saparlamento respublika _ gavrcelebulia TiTqmis mTel evropaSi. mesame: Sereuli marTva-gamgeobis forma, mas naxevrad saprezidento mmarTvelobis modelsac uwodeben _ safran- geTi da mis msgavsad mowyobili qveynebi, garda amisa, arsebobs saparlamento monarqiebi. saqarTveloSi 2004 wlis Tebervlamde iyo saprezidento respublika, Semdeg, konstituciaSi Setanili cvlilebebis Tanaxmad, miviReT wminda saprezidento mmarTveloba. aseTi modeli iyo yvela postsabWoTa qveyanaSi, baltiispireTisa da saqarTvelos garda. Semdeg maT SeuerTda saqarTve- lo da gamoaklda ukraina. saqarTvelos modeli aris deformirebuli saprezidento da naxevrad- saprezidento mmarTveloba _ mTavrobisa da parlamentis uflebamosilebaTa Sesusteba-Semcirebis gziT. prezidentis farTo uflebamosileba da, imavdroulad, misTvis uflebamosilebis dakisre- bis SeuZlebloba, anu prezidents aqvs yvelafris keTebis ufleba, magram amaze pasuxs agebs xan mTav- roba, xan _ parlamenti. cxadia, aseTi mowyoba ewinaaRmdegeba xelisuflebis danawilebis princips, romelic gulisxmobs sakanonmdeblo, aRmasrulebeli da sasamarTlo xelisuflebis ara marto gamijvnas, aramed samives qmediT urTierTkontrols da Sekavebis meqanizmebis arsebobas. uamisod TandaTan xdeba nebismieri xelisuflebis swrafva TviTgafarToebisaken, uflebamosilebis mita- ceba da Sesabamisad aRreva. amas mivyavarT sazogadoebisaTvis didi safrTxisaken. aseTi gamoTqmac aris politikasa da samarTalSi: xelisuflebas ryvnis ganuzomeli Zalaufleba. cnobili ungre- li konstitucionalisti andraS Saio, romelic amJamad strasburgis sasamarTlos wevrad airCies, Tavis erT-erT naSromSi wers: Zroxas mezoblis bostanSi gadasvlisagan akavebs ara Robe, aramed mezoblis ezoSi myefare ZaRli. iq rom ZaRli ar yefdes, Zroxa gadavidoda da bostans moZovda. magram, Tu gadavida, ZaRli ukbens, amitom ar gadadis. ai, aseTi wesi unda moqmedebdes xelisuflebis danawilebaSic. romeli modeli romels sjobs? _ yvela models, romelSic daculia xelisuflebis danawilebis principi, aqvs arsebobis ufleba, magram nebismieri qveyana erTi ramiTaa gansxvavebuli _ Tavisi istoriiT, CveulebiT, bunebiT, tradiciiT, mentalitetiT, individualizmiT... aris qveynebi, sadac maRalia individualizmis done, zogSic _ koleqtivizmis xarisxi Warbobs. modelis SerCevi-
Page 1 and 2: a k i t i l o p o sagareo a n i pri
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Page 5 and 6: s a S i n a o p saSinao o l i tpoli
Page 9 and 10: s a a r C e v n o k o d e q s i a r
Page 19 and 20: diskusia kvlav gaimarTeba s a S i n
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