dihibriduli Sejvareba

1.10 alelur genTa urTierTqmedeba
germanelma mecnierma avgust vaismanma me-19 saukunis bolos gamoTqva mosazreba,
rom organizmi memkvidruli faqtorebis mozaikas warmoadgens, anu organizmis genotipi
calkeuli, erTmaneTisgan damoukidebeli genebis jamia.
• rogor fiqrobT, ris safuZvelze SeeZlo a. vaismans am mosazrebis gamoTqma?
Semdgomma gamokvlevebma cxadyo, rom es Sexeduleba mcdaria. sinamdvileSi organizmSi
xSir SemTxvevaSi erTmaneTze zemoqmedebs rogorc erTi da imave alelis, ise
sxvadasxva alelis mravali geni. genTa urTierTqmedebis movlena 1909 wels aRmoaCina
uiliam betsonma, rasac genetikis ganviTarebisaTvis didi mniSvneloba hqonda.
arCeven alelur da araalelur genTa urTierTqmedebas.
alelur genTa urTierTqmedebis tipuri magaliTia TqvenTvis kargad cnobili sruli
dominirebis SemTxveva, rodesac dominanturi niSan-Tviseba (mag., bardis Teslis yviTeli
Seferilobis) Trgunavs recesiuls (Teslis mwvane Seferilobas); agreTve arasruli dominirebis
movlena, romlis drosac erTi
aleli nawilobriv axSobs meoris moqmedebas,
ris gamoc F Taobis heterozigot (Aa)
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organizmebSi orive mSobliuri formisaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli Sualeduri niSan-Tviseba
mJRavndeba (sur.1.). ase magaliTad, gulisabas
an mixakis wiTelyvaviliani (AA) da TeTryvaviliani
(aa) mcenareebis SejvarebiT miRebul
hibridebs (Aa) vardisferi yvavilebi aqvT.
ganxilul magaliTebSi yovel niSan-Tvisebas erTi genis ori saxis aleli (mag. A da a)
gansazRvravda. aris SemTxvevebi, roca erTi niSan-Tviseba ramdenime gansxvavebuli (orze
meti) aleliT aris ganpirobebuli. aseT movlenas mravlobiTi alelizmi ewodeba. magali-
TisTvis ganvixiloT sisxlis jgufebis damemkvidreba adamianSi.
adamianis sisxlis jgufebi autosomuri I geniT ganisazRvreba, romelic me-9 qromosomaSia
lokalizebuli da sami: IA , IB da i aleliTaa warmodgenili. IA da IB alelebi erTnairi
xarisxiT dominireben i-ze, romelic recesiulia orives mimarT. IA da IB sur.1. arasruli dominireba mixakebSi
alelebi
eriTrocitebis zedapirze A da B antigenebis _ aglutinogenebis sinTezs gansazRvraven,
i alels ki antigenebis sinTezis unari ara aqvs. garda
amisa, sisxlis plazmaSi SeiZleba arsebobdes α da β antisxeulebi
_ aglutininebi. antigenisa (aglutinogenis) da
Sesabamisi antisxeulis (aglutininis) urTierTSexvedris
(A+α da B+β) SemTxvevaSi xdeba eriTrocitebis Sewebeba _
aglutinacia (sur.2).
sur.2. eriTrocitebis aglutinacia
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