dihibriduli Sejvareba
dihibriduli Sejvareba
dihibriduli Sejvareba
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3.2 qromosomaTa struqturuli mutaciebi<br />
qromosomuli mutaciebi, anu aberaciebi, qromosomaTa struqturis mniSvnelovan<br />
cvlilebebs gulisxmobs. es cvlilebebi zogjer imdenad didia, rom maTi danaxva sinaTlis<br />
mikroskopiTac ki SeiZleba. qromosomuli aberaciebi xSirad fenotipze ufro<br />
met gavlenas axdens, vidre genuri mutaciebi. qromosomaTa struqturuli<br />
mutaciebia: delecia, duplikacia, inversia da translokacia.<br />
delecia qromosomis ubnis dakargvaa. es ubani SeiZleba qromosomis<br />
Sua nawilSi iyos, SeiZleba boloSi. am dros qromosoma genebis garkveul<br />
raodenobas kargavs da mokldeba (sur. 1).<br />
Tu deleciis Sedegad dakarguli nawili didia, maSin igi organizmis<br />
sicocxlisunarianobaze moqmedebs da SeiZleba letaluri efeqti<br />
hqondes an seriozul paTologiebSi gamoixatos. yvelaze gavrcelebulia<br />
me-5 qromosomis nawilis dakargviT gamowveuli anomalia, romelic ka-<br />
sur. 1. delecia tis knavilis sindromis saxeliT aris cnobili. es daavadeba pirvelad<br />
1963 wels frangma pediatrma Jerom leJenma<br />
aRwera. yoveli 50000-dan erTi axalSobili<br />
am anomaliiT ibadeba.<br />
• daakvirdiT suraTze (sur. 2) qromosomebis<br />
homologiur wyvilebs. ra gansxvavebaa<br />
me-5 wyvilis qromosomebs Soris?<br />
katis knavilis sindromiT dabadebuli<br />
bavSvebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia sxeulis<br />
sur. 2. katis<br />
mcire wona (dabade-<br />
knavilis sindromi<br />
bisas 2,5 kg), patara,<br />
mTvaris formis Tavi, Tvalebis iribi Wrili da saxis araproporciuli<br />
nakvTebi (sur. 2). xSirad aseT bavSvebs Tandayolili gulis<br />
manki da Sinagani organoebis ganuviTarebloba aReniSnebaT.<br />
xSiria aseve mxedvelobis, smenisa da metyvelebis problemebi.<br />
aseT bavSvebs Zalian viwro xorxi aqvT, amitom maTi tirili katis<br />
knavils waagavs. aRwerilia SemTxveva, rogor eZebda aseTi<br />
tirilis gamo mTel samSobiaroSi eqimi katas. asakis matebasTan<br />
erTad xorxi farTovdeba, amitom bavSvis tirili katis knavilis<br />
msgavsi aRar aris, samagierod ufro ikveTeba daavadebis<br />
sxva niSnebi (sur. 3): patara da mogrZo formis Tavi, Tvalebis sur. 3. asakis matebasTan<br />
erTad daavadebis sxva<br />
iribi Wrili, sielme da agreTve nervuli sistemis funqciuri<br />
niSnebi ikveTeba<br />
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