Tavi 10. mineraluri resursebi reziume ... - momxmarebeli.ge
Tavi 10. mineraluri resursebi reziume ... - momxmarebeli.ge
Tavi 10. mineraluri resursebi reziume ... - momxmarebeli.ge
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<strong>Tavi</strong> <strong>10.</strong> <strong>mineraluri</strong> <strong>resursebi</strong><br />
<strong>reziume</strong><br />
saqarTvelo mdidaria <strong>mineraluri</strong> <strong>resursebi</strong>T, Tumca maTi<br />
mopoveba da gamoyeneba, saTanado regulirebisa da kontrolis gareSe,<br />
garemosTvis didi zianis momtani SeiZleba iyos. es gansakuTrebiT<br />
exeba liTonebis mopovebas. am obieqtebze aucilebelia ara marto<br />
garemosdacviTi kontrolis gamkacreba, aramed garemos<br />
sareabilitacio RonisZiebebis Catareba, magaliTad, WiaTuraSi,<br />
kazreTSi, luxunze, canaze, sadac garemos dabinZureba wlebis<br />
ganmavlobaSi mimdinareobda.<br />
1. Sesavali<br />
<strong>mineraluri</strong> <strong>resursebi</strong> qveynis ekonomikis sayrdenia. aqve aRsaniSnavia,<br />
rom samTo-mopovebas erT-erTi wamyvani adgili uWiravs garemoze mavne<br />
zemoqmedebis SesaZleblobis TvalsazrisiT da amdenad, saTanado<br />
garemosdacviTi regulirebis gareSe <strong>mineraluri</strong> <strong>resursebi</strong>s mopoveba<br />
SeiZleba Zalian saziano aRmoCndes garemosTvis.<br />
saxelmwifo regulireba<br />
saqarTveloSi yvela saxis <strong>mineraluri</strong> resursi saxelmwifos<br />
sakuTrebas warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns. maT damuSavebas specialuri nebarTva –<br />
sasar<strong>ge</strong>blo wiaRiseulis mopovebis licenzia _ esaWiroeba, romelsac<br />
saxelmwifo auqcionis wesiT, <strong>mineraluri</strong> resursis saxisa da masze<br />
moTxovnis gaTvaliswinebiT, sxvadasxva vadiT gascems. licenziasTan<br />
erTad wiaRiT mosar<strong>ge</strong>ble droebiT sar<strong>ge</strong>blobaSi iRebs miwis farTs,<br />
miwis minakuTvnis saxiT, romelic aucilebelia resursis mopovebasTan<br />
dakavSirebuli saqmianobisaTvis. wiaRiseulis mopovebis dasrulebis<br />
Semdeg igi valdebulia ganaxorcielos am teritoriis rekultivacia da<br />
ise daubrunos saxelmwifos.<br />
licenziantis mier <strong>mineraluri</strong> <strong>resursebi</strong>s mopovebis licenziis<br />
miRebis Semdeg aucilebelia garemoze zemoqmedebis nebarTvis aReba da<br />
saqarTvlos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi <strong>resursebi</strong>s saministroSi<br />
garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis proeqtis ward<strong>ge</strong>na. am procedurebis<br />
gavlis gareSe licenziants ekrZaleba mopovebiTi samuSaoebis dawyeba da<br />
garemoze raime saxis zemoqmedeba.<br />
<strong>mineraluri</strong> <strong>resursebi</strong>s mopovebis periodSi licenzianti valdebulia<br />
daicvas garemos dacvis saTanado wesebi, romlebic dReisaTvis mxolod<br />
sasar<strong>ge</strong>blo wiaRiseulis mopovebisas atmosferuli haeris dacvisTvisaa<br />
(afeTqebiTi samuSaoebis warmoebisas) dad<strong>ge</strong>nili.<br />
<strong>mineraluri</strong> <strong>resursebi</strong>s mopovebisas garemoze zemoqmedebis<br />
saxelmwifo kontrols garemos dacvis inspeqcia axorcielebs. masve<br />
evaleba garemos dabinZurebis faqtebis gamovlena da aRkveTa, aseve _<br />
sasar<strong>ge</strong>blo wiaRiseulis mopovebis licenziebis pirobebis Sesrulebis<br />
kontroli. is uflebamosilia garemisdacviTi Semowmebis procesSi<br />
regulirebis obieqtisgan kanonmdeblobiT dad<strong>ge</strong>nili wesiT moiTxovos<br />
axsna-ganmartebebi, daubrkoleblad miiRos saWiro informacia da<br />
Semowmebis procesSi regulirebis obieqtis saqmianobis Seswavlisa da<br />
laboratoriuli sinjebis aRebis mizniT moiwvios Sesabamisi eqspertebi<br />
da specialistebi.
2. <strong>mineraluri</strong> <strong>resursebi</strong>s maragi<br />
saqarTvelos <strong>ge</strong>ologiur <strong>Tavi</strong>seburebas gansazRvravs misi mdebareoba<br />
evraziul da afro-arabul filaTa Sesayarze. teritoria<br />
araerTgvarovania <strong>Tavi</strong>si a<strong>ge</strong>bulebiTa da <strong>ge</strong>ologiuri ganviTarebis<br />
istoriiT, rac ganapirobebs wiaRiseuli sabadoebis mravalferovnebas.<br />
<strong>ge</strong>ologiuri procesebis intensivoba, maTi ganviTarebis areali da<br />
masStabi gansazRvravs sabadoebis sididesa da, xSir SemTxvevaSi, maT<br />
xarisxs. <strong>mineraluri</strong> <strong>resursebi</strong>s didi sabadoebi saqarTveloSi<br />
aRmoCenili ar aris. aq <strong>mineraluri</strong> <strong>resursebi</strong> ZiriTadad saSualo da<br />
mcire zomis sabadoebsa da gamovlinebebSia ganawilebuli.<br />
<strong>mineraluri</strong> <strong>resursebi</strong>s sabadoebis Seswavlis safuZvelze xdeba am<br />
sabadoebSi arsebuli resursis maragis Sefaseba _ daTvla/gadaTvla.<br />
yvela saxis <strong>mineraluri</strong> resursis maragis daTvlisaTvis mopovebuli<br />
<strong>ge</strong>ologiuri informaciis Semowmeba da mara<strong>ge</strong>bis damtkiceba xdeba<br />
saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi <strong>resursebi</strong>s saministrosTan<br />
arsebul sasar<strong>ge</strong>blo wiaRiseulis mara<strong>ge</strong>bis saxelmwifo uwyebaTaSoris<br />
komisiaze. komisiis daskvna <strong>mineraluri</strong> resursis maragis saxelmwifo<br />
balansze ayvanis erTaderTi safuZvelia. monacemebi damtkicebuli<br />
maragis Sesaxeb gadaecema wiaRis Sesaxeb informaciis erTian saxelmwifo<br />
fonds (saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi <strong>resursebi</strong>s<br />
saministros ssip „garemos erovnul saa<strong>ge</strong>ntos~) mara<strong>ge</strong>bis mineralurresursul<br />
fondSi aRsaricxavad.<br />
amdenad, mineralur-resursuli fondi warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns qveynis<br />
teritoriasa da mis ekonomikur zonaSi ganTavsebul im sabadoTa da<br />
maRaroTa erTobliobas, romelTaTvisac damtkicebulia saxelmwifo<br />
balansze ayvanili mara<strong>ge</strong>bi. es fondi aris resursuli bazis nawili,<br />
romlic <strong>Tavi</strong>si ekonomikuri da samrewvelo maCveneblebiT SeiZleba<br />
CaerTos sabazro urTierTobebSi.<br />
dRevandeli mdgomareobiT saqarTvelos myari <strong>mineraluri</strong><br />
<strong>resursebi</strong>s fondi moicavs 552 sabados. maTgan mopovebisa da<br />
gadamuSavebis procesSi garemosaTvis potenciurad meti zianis miyeneba<br />
SeuZliaT LliTonebs, xolo myari <strong>mineraluri</strong> <strong>resursebi</strong>s sxva saxeebi<br />
SedarebiT inertulia (cxr. <strong>10.</strong>1; diagr. <strong>10.</strong>1) da, Sesabamisad, _ naklebi<br />
zianis momtani.<br />
saqarTveloSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis mqone sabadoTa rigs<br />
ganekuTvneba: liTonTa sabadoebidan – WiaTuris manganumisa da<br />
madneulis (bolnisis madniani raionis) polimetaluri sabadoebi. amave<br />
rangis sabadoebad SeiZleba CaiTvalos aramadniani sabadoebidan<br />
ceoliTSemcveli (Zegvi, TeZami, axalcixe da sxva) sabadoebi da<br />
samSeneblo-mosapirkeTebeli masalebi.<br />
cxrili <strong>10.</strong>1. <strong>mineraluri</strong> <strong>resursebi</strong>s fondSi ricxuli sabadoebi<br />
# <strong>mineraluri</strong> resursis<br />
saxeoba<br />
raodenoba ganzomileba damtkicebuli<br />
maragi<br />
1 liTonebi (Savi, feradi, 52 aTasi t 419 965<br />
keTilSobili, iSviaTi)<br />
myari sawvavi <strong>resursebi</strong><br />
2 naxSiri 3 aTasi t 373 934<br />
3 torfi 5 aTasi t 47 644<br />
mosapirkeTebeli qvebi 107
4 gabro aTasi m 3 7 224<br />
5 gabro-dioriti aTasi m 3 5 972<br />
6 sieniti aTasi m 3 660<br />
7 graniti aTasi m 3 5400<br />
8 tufobreqCia aTasi m 3 14 938<br />
9 daciti aTasi m 3 2 289<br />
10 teSeniti aTasi m 3 6 165<br />
11 Ddiabazi aTasi m 3 10 741<br />
12 Bbazalti aTasi m 3 45 052<br />
13 Ddoleriti aTasi m 3 19 579<br />
14 Mmarmarilo aTasi m 3 4 259<br />
15 marmarilosebri kirqva aTasi m 3 78 026<br />
qimiuri mrewvelobis<br />
nedleuli 44<br />
16 bariti aTasi t 4 731<br />
mJavagamZle andeziti aTasi t 12 717<br />
17 Mmirabiliti aTasi m 3 1493<br />
18 Bbentoniti aTasi t 6 418<br />
19 <strong>mineraluri</strong> pigmenti aTasi t 437<br />
20 talki aTasi t 2 774<br />
21 Kkalciti aTasi t 27 211<br />
22 Ddiatomiti aTasi m 3 7 995<br />
samSeneblo masalebi 312<br />
23 RorRi aTasi m 3 459 221<br />
24 qviSa-xreSi aTasi m 3 658 487<br />
25 saagure Tixebi aTasi m 3 135 207<br />
26 carci aTasi m 3 3 962<br />
27 sakire kirqvebi aTasi t 292 173<br />
28 TabaSiri aTasi t 20 342<br />
29 sacemente Tixebi aTasi m 3 64 070<br />
30 sacemente kirqvebi aTasi t 392 014<br />
31 Ggaji aTasi m 3 14 917<br />
32 saxuravi fiqlebi aTasi m 3 11 796<br />
33 msubuqi Semavseblebi aTasi m 3 220 323<br />
34 sakedle qvebi aTasi m 3 4 898<br />
35 kvarcis qviSa aTasi m 3 168 804<br />
36 Pperliti aTasi m 3 13 500<br />
damxmare nedleuli 10<br />
metalurgiisaTvis<br />
37 dolomiti aTasi t 44 904<br />
38 cecxlgamZle Tixa aTasi m 3 91 636<br />
39 sayalibe qviSa aTasi m 3 2 300<br />
40 spongoliTi aTasi m 3 19 57<br />
41 safluse kirqva aTasi t 1 700<br />
samrewvelo masalebis<br />
mara<strong>ge</strong>bi<br />
42 Camosasxmelo<br />
Bbazalti 2 aTasi m 3 9 892<br />
43 loTografiuli qva 1 aTasi m 3 120<br />
44 sanakeTo qvebi 3 t 920<br />
nedleuli soflis 9<br />
meurneobisaTvis<br />
45 torfi aTasi t 41 880<br />
46 ceoliTi aTasi t 30 381<br />
47 Tixiani TabaSiri aTasi t 3 460<br />
nedleuli keramikis 9<br />
warmoebisaTvis<br />
48 keramikuli Tixa aTasi m 3 2 504<br />
49 traqiti aTasi m 3 945
50 Tixiani TabaSiri aTasi t 2 232<br />
Savi liTonebi. saqarTvelo ar ganekuTvneba msoflios rkinis Semcvel<br />
ZiriTad auzebs. miuxedavad amisa, sakmaod mniSvnelovania rkinis<br />
prognozuli <strong>resursebi</strong> da rkinis 4 ZiriTadi sabado (foladauris, Zamis,<br />
tyibuli-Saoris da sufsa-natanebis) (diagr. <strong>10.</strong>1, ruka <strong>10.</strong>2). tradiciul<br />
sabadoebTan erTad saqarTveloSi gvaqvs mdidari zRviuri magnetittitanomagnetituri<br />
qviSrobebi, romlebic mniSvnelovan dagrovebebs qmnian<br />
md. sufsisa da md. natanebis deltebSi. dReisaTvis rkinis sabadoebi ar<br />
muSavdeba, magram maTi Seswavla grZeldeba da damuSavebis procesis dawyeba<br />
uaxloesi momavlis saqmea.<br />
ruka <strong>10.</strong>1. liTonebis gavrceleba saqarTveloSi.<br />
vercxli<br />
alumini<br />
rkina<br />
spilenZi<br />
TuTia<br />
tyvia<br />
surma<br />
kadmiumi<br />
vercxliswyali<br />
bismuti<br />
teluri<br />
seleni<br />
indiumi<br />
manganumi<br />
dariSxani<br />
oqro<br />
kobalti<br />
volframi<br />
diagrama <strong>10.</strong>1. liTonebisa da iSviaTi elementebis mara<strong>ge</strong>bi saqarTveloSi.<br />
me-19 saukunis bolodan 1 saqarTveloSi daiwyo manganumis mopoveba da<br />
es qveyana iTvleba msoflios erT-erT ZiriTad manganummatarebel<br />
provinciad (cxr. <strong>10.</strong>2; ruka <strong>10.</strong>2.). manganumis mopoveba dResac aqtiurad<br />
mimdinareobs. dReisaTvis gacemuli licenziis pirobebis mixedviT,<br />
WiaTuris manganumis sabadodan 2008-2011 ww. mopovebuli unda yofiliyo<br />
1,6 mln tona liToni, momdevno wlebSi _ 40 aTasi t. weliwadSi, jamuri<br />
1 roca didi qarTveli poetis akaki wereTlis ZalisxmeviT aRmoaCines WiaTuris<br />
manganumis sabado.
minimaluri mopoveba _ 200 aTasi t. Cxari-ajameTis sabadoze licenzia<br />
gacemulia 27 wlis vadiT, jamuri mopovebaa 20 aTasi t.<br />
cxrili <strong>10.</strong>2. manganumis sabadoebi, maTi mara<strong>ge</strong>bi da mopoveba<br />
raioni sabado maragi<br />
aTasi t<br />
muSavdeba Tu<br />
ara<br />
WiaTuris WiaTura 201 921 muSavdeba<br />
r-ni<br />
Terjolis CxariajameTi<br />
5 000 muSavdeba<br />
r-ni<br />
zestafonis<br />
r-ni<br />
yvirilis<br />
depresia<br />
(ubani<br />
15 460 ar muSavdeba<br />
rodinauli)<br />
onis r-ni Sqmeri 1576 ar muSavdeba<br />
iSviaTi liTonebi da elementebi. saqarTvelos iSviaTi liTonebi<br />
Tavmoyrilia kavkasionis mTavari qedis dariSxanis, vercxliswylis,<br />
volframisa da molibdenis mcire sabadoebSi. oqro-dariSxanis,<br />
dariSxanisa da oqro-stibiumis sabadoebs saerTaSoriso mniSvneloba<br />
aqvT. dariSxanis mopoveba amJamad Sewyvetilia, Tumca mopovebis licenzia<br />
luxunis sabadoze gacemulia 25 wlis vadiT, 9534 t. jamuri mopovebis<br />
moculobiT.<br />
liTonebis, maT Soris, oqros da vercxlis mopoveba intensiurad<br />
mimdinareobs bolnisis raionis oqro-spilenZ-barit-polimetalur<br />
sabadoebze, sadac kompleqsuri damuSavebis licenzia gacemulia 20 wlis<br />
vadiT, weliwadSi 0,4-1 milioni t. madnis mopovebis pirobiT. aq<br />
madneulis sabados damuSavebis procesis paralelurad mimdinareobs<br />
axali saeqspluatacio ubnebis daZieba da arsebuli liTonebis mara<strong>ge</strong>bis<br />
daTvla, SemdgomSi maTi mopovebis procesSi CarTvisaTvis.<br />
cxrili <strong>10.</strong>3: dariSxani da misi Tanmxlebi liTonebi<br />
raioni sabado maragi,<br />
aTasi t.<br />
muSavdeba Tu<br />
ara<br />
ambrolauris luxuni 8,7 aRar muSavdeba<br />
r-ni<br />
lentexis r- cana 30,225<br />
ni<br />
aRar muSavdeba<br />
lentexis r- Woroxi<br />
ni<br />
1,85 ar muSavdeba<br />
ruka <strong>10.</strong>2. araliTonuri <strong>mineraluri</strong> <strong>resursebi</strong>s gavrceleba<br />
saqarTveloSi.<br />
2. <strong>mineraluri</strong> <strong>resursebi</strong>s mopovebis zemoqmedeba garemoze<br />
<strong>mineraluri</strong> <strong>resursebi</strong>s mopovebasTan dakavSirebuli garemoze<br />
zemoqmedebis ZiriTadi problemebia haeris, wylisa da miwis dabinZureba,<br />
mewyerebis gaaqtiureba da tyis safaris gaCexva, Tumca dro da
masStabebi, romlis farglebSic <strong>mineraluri</strong> <strong>resursebi</strong>s mopovebis<br />
Sedegad garemos ziani ad<strong>ge</strong>ba, gansxvavebulia. igi damokidebulia<br />
sabados `sicocxlis mosalodnel xangrZlivobaze~, romelic<br />
gansxvavebulia TiToeuli sabadosTvis. igi ganisazRvreba sabadoSi<br />
arsebuli maragis odenobiTa da sasar<strong>ge</strong>blo wiaRiseulis mopovebis<br />
licenziis vadiT (saqarTveloSi sasar<strong>ge</strong>blo wiaRiseulis mopovebis<br />
licenziebi gaicema 2-5 wlidan 20-45 wlamde vadiT) da licenziiT<br />
dad<strong>ge</strong>nili yovelwliuri mopovebis raodenobiT. garda amisa,<br />
mniSvnelovania resursis saxeobac. magaliTad, liTonebis an myari<br />
sawvavi <strong>resursebi</strong>s Seswavlasa da mopovebas gacilebiT meti dro<br />
sWirdeba, vidre samSeneblo masalebisaTvis saWiro nedleuls.<br />
saqarTveloSi amJamad moqmedi samTo-mompovebeli sawarmoebidan<br />
garemos erT-erTi Zlieri damabinZurebelia manganumis mopoveba. mas Tan<br />
axlavs md. yvirilas dabinZureba Mn-is ionebiT. magaliTad, 2009 wlis<br />
ianvarSi q. WiaTuris SesasvlelTan, mdinaris wyalSi manganumis ionebis<br />
Semcveloba 3,9 mg/l dafiqsirda (manganumis ionis zRvrulad dasaSvebi<br />
koncentracia wylebSi 0,1 mg/l-ia). mopovebis adgilidan dawyebuli<br />
mdinaris qvemo weli da misi momijnave miwebi mTlianad dabinZurebulia<br />
im niSnulamde, sadac ganzaveba xdeba. sawarmoo dabinZurebas aZlierebs<br />
is garemoebac, rom mdinare <strong>Tavi</strong>s mxriv recxavs madnian horizontebs da<br />
masSi <strong>Tavi</strong>sTavad momatebulia Mn-is ionebis Semcveloba.<br />
garemosTvis didi zianis momtania, agreTve, bolnisis jgufis<br />
polimetaluri sabadoebis madnebis mopovebasTan dakavSirebuli<br />
saqmianoba. aq madnis mopoveba Ria karieruli wesiT xdeba. karieris<br />
damuSavebis siRrmem 300 metrs miaRwia. karierze warmoebs burRvaafeTqebiTi<br />
samuSaoebi, rasac emateba karieris terasebze da karierze<br />
misasvlel gzebze avtoTviTmclelebis aqtiuri ormxrivi moZraoba, rac<br />
haerSi mtvrisa da sxva dambinZurebeli nivTierebebis mniSvnelovan<br />
gafrqvevas iwvevs. dabinZurebul haerSi mavne nivTierebebis gadatana<br />
emisiis centridan did manZilze xdeba, gansakuTrebiT _ wvrili, wminda<br />
fraqciebisa. atmosferuli naleqebis zegavleniT am mtvridan<br />
gamotutuli mZime liTonebis garemoSi moxvedra seriozul zians ayenebs<br />
niadagsa da gruntis wylebs.<br />
mopovebiTi samuSaoebis garda, garemoze mniSvnelovan gavlenas<br />
axdens nedleulis gadamuSavebasTan dakavSirebuli procesebi, rac<br />
aisaxa, magaliTad, md. kazreTulas mdgomareobaze, romelic wlebis<br />
ganmavlobaSi binZurdeboda bolnisis madnis gamamdidrebeli sawarmos<br />
saqmianobis Sedegad. agreTve nawilobrivaa dabinZurebuli md. maSaverac.<br />
wina wlebSi Catarebuli mdinareebis wylis xarisxis monitoringis<br />
Sede<strong>ge</strong>bi aCvenebs, rom md. kazreTulas monakveTSi (karieris naJuri<br />
wylebis Cadinebidan md. maSaveras SesarTavamde) TiTqmis aranairi<br />
pirobaa imisa, rom masSi raime cocxali organizmebi arsebobdnen, anu<br />
mdinare arsebiTad mkvdaria. md. maSaveraSi ki, romelsac TviTgawmendisa<br />
da ganzavebis maRali SesaZleblobebi aqvs, dafiqsirebulia zRvrulad<br />
dasaSvebi koncentraciebis gadaWarbeba mxolod calkeul SemTxvevebSi<br />
(ZiriTadad im periodSi, rodesac mamdidrebeli fabrika ar muSaobda).<br />
fabrikis fuWi qanis sanayaros da gamosatuti grovebis ganTavsebis<br />
teritoria Zalze mniSvnelovnadaa dabinZurebuli mZime liTonebis<br />
ionebiT (ZiriTadad spilenZi, TuTia, rkina, aseve sulfatis ionebi).<br />
seriozuli saremediacio RonisZiebebis gareSe am teritoriis soflis<br />
meurneobisaTvis gamoyeneba momavalSi dauSvebelia.
mniSvnelovan safrTxes Seicavs sabadoebi da maRaroebi, romlebzec<br />
droebiT SeCerebulia sasar<strong>ge</strong>blo wiaRiseulis mopovebis samuSaoebi.<br />
aseTi obieqtebi dakonservebulia, magram rCeba didi albaToba imisa, rom<br />
maTgan moxdes garemos damabinZurebeli nivTierebebis gatana, magaliTad,<br />
miwisqveSa wylebiT. es garemoeba gansakuTrebul SeSfoTebas iwvevs maSin,<br />
roca saqme exeba vercxliswylis, dariSxanisa da sxva Zliermomwamlavi<br />
nivTierebebis gatanas sabadosa Tu samTo gamonamuSevris konservaciis<br />
adgilidan.<br />
am mxriv aRsaniSnavia luxunis oqro-dariSxanis (realgarauripigmenturi)<br />
da canas dariSxanis (arsenopirotuli) sabadoebi. me-20<br />
s-is 90-ian wlebamde raWis (uravi) da svaneTi (canas) samTo-qimiuri<br />
qarxnebi awarmoebdnen maRali sisuf<strong>Tavi</strong>s dariSxans, gankuTvnils<br />
naxevargamtaruli sistemebisaTvis da 16 dasaxelebis sxvadasxva<br />
dariSxanSemcvel preparats. dariSxanisa da misi naerTebis miRebis<br />
mizniT koncentrats wvavdnen specialur RumelSi. Sedegad sahaero<br />
sivrce da Sesabamisi teritoria 20 km-is radiusze sistematurad<br />
binZurdeboda dariSxanis sulfiduri formebis gamowviT gamonabolqvi<br />
gazebisagan, romlebic, garda gogirdis dioqsidisa, dasaSveb normaze<br />
meti raodenobiT Seicavda wvis sxva produqtebsac, maT Soris _ `TeTr<br />
dariSxans~. raWa da svaneTi ekologiuri katastrofis safrTxis winaSe<br />
aRmoCnda. dReisaTvis es warmoebebi gaCerebulia, magram arsebuli<br />
monacemebiT [1-5], aq sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebis niadagSi<br />
dariSxanis Semcveloba saerTo fonTan SedarebiT 20-30-jeraa gazrdili,<br />
moimata pirutyvisa da adamianebis onkologiuri daavadebebis ricxvmac.<br />
md. madnis Relis (md. luxunis wylis) xeobis da misi mimdebare<br />
teritoriis anTropo<strong>ge</strong>nuli dabinZurebiT xsnis raWis mosaxleoba<br />
regionSi futkris ojaxTa ricxvis da gadamfreni frinvelebis<br />
katastroful Semcirebas.<br />
garda mavne gamonabolqvi gazebisa, dariSxanis gadamamuSavebeli<br />
sawarmoebi aseve warmoqmnidnen dariSxanis Semcvel saxifaTo narCenebs<br />
(e.w. `kudebs~), romlebic didi odenobiTaa daxvavebuli sabadosa da<br />
sawarmos mimdebare teritoriebze. saWiroa am saxifaTo narCenebisgan<br />
teritoriebis gadaudebeli aRd<strong>ge</strong>na-gasufTaveba, raTa gamoiricxos saSiS<br />
nivTierebaTa gadarecxva da gavrceleba garemomcvel bunebasa da<br />
garemoSi.<br />
aseve mniSvnelovan safrTxeebs Seicavs saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier<br />
ukontrolo teritoriebze darCenili sabadoebi da maRaroebi _ qvaisis<br />
tyvia-TuTiis sabado _ samxreT oseTis teritoriaze; tyvarCelis<br />
qvanaxSiris sabado, axeisa da avadxaras vercxliswylis sabadoebi _<br />
afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis teritoriaze. maTi mdgomareobis<br />
Sesaxeb informacia ar mogvepoveba.<br />
keramikuli, naxevradZvirfasi da sanakeTobo qvebis, inertuli da<br />
samSeneblo masalebis <strong>resursebi</strong>s mopoveba-gadamuSaveba zogadad naklebi<br />
zianis momtania, Tumca araswori warmarTvis SemTxvevSi SeiZleba<br />
gamoiwvios garemos mniSvnelovani dabinZureba. aq mTavari riskebi<br />
dakavSirebulia atmosferuli naleqebiT teritoriis gadarecxvis<br />
Sedegad dabinZurebul wylebTan, romlebic SeiZleba moxvdes wylis<br />
obieqtebSi, xmaursa da vibraciasTan, mopovebasa da gadazidvis<br />
samuSaoebTan dakavSirebul mtverTan. Aamrigad, aucilebelia am<br />
zemoqmedebaTa saTanado regulireba da kontroli.
3. ZiriTadi gamowvevebi<br />
qveynis ekonomikuri ganviTarebisaTvis aucilebelia <strong>mineraluri</strong><br />
<strong>resursebi</strong>s mopoveba da damuSaveba-gadamuSaveba, Tumca am procesebs Tan<br />
axlavs garemoze mniSvnelovani zemoqmedeba. dResdReobiT saqarTveloSi<br />
samTo-mopovebiTi mrewveloba garemosTvis potenciurad erT-erTi<br />
yvelaze saSiSi saqmianobaa. man SeiZleba gamoiwvios da rig SemTxvevebSi<br />
ukve gamoiwvia kidec niada<strong>ge</strong>bis, wylebis (zedapiruli da miwisqveSa) da<br />
haeris mniSvnelovani dabinZureba, ramac SeiZleba seriozuli uaryofiTi<br />
gavlena iqonios mimdebare teritoriis mosaxleobaze. ufro metic,<br />
wylisa da haeris saSualebiT dabinZureba SesaZloa sakmaod did<br />
teritoriazec gavrceldes.<br />
gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia garemoze zemoqmedeba <strong>mineraluri</strong><br />
<strong>resursebi</strong>s Ria karieruli wesiT mopovebisas. am dros xdeba mimdebare<br />
teritoriebis dabinZureba nayari masalebiT, niada<strong>ge</strong>bis mospoba an<br />
dazianeba, xSirad _ tyis safaris gaCexva. samwuxarod, saqarTveloSi<br />
momuSave samTo-<strong>ge</strong>ologiuri kompaniebi xSirad iyeneben moZvelebul da<br />
gaumarTav teqnologiebs, riTac mniSvnelovan zians ayeneben garemos.<br />
axali teqnologiebis danergva ki did kapitaldabandebasTanaa<br />
dakavSirebuli. amitom am saqmianobaTa garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebisas<br />
mopovebiTi saqmianobiT garemosTvis potenciurad miyenebuli zianisa da<br />
misi <strong>Tavi</strong>dan acilebisaTvis saWiro investiciebis Sejereba-dabalansebis<br />
safuZvelze unda moxdes adekvaturi teqnologiis SerCeva da Sesabamisi<br />
emisiebis SeTanxmeba/damtkiceba.<br />
garemoze <strong>mineraluri</strong> <strong>resursebi</strong>s mopovebis zemoqmedebis Sefasebisas<br />
gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom myari <strong>mineraluri</strong> resursis TiToeul saxes<br />
aqvs mopovebisa da gadamuSavebis misTvis damaxasiaTebeli <strong>Tavi</strong>sebureba<br />
da garemosdacviTi problemebic gansxvavebulia TiToeuli maTganisaTvis.<br />
aucilebelia saqmianobis saxelmwifo kontrolis makontrolebeli<br />
organos (garemos dacvis inspeqciis) warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nlebs am riskebis da<br />
maTi <strong>Tavi</strong>dan acilebis an Serbilebis programebis Sefaseba SeeZloT.<br />
samwuxarod, garemos dacvis inspeqcias dReisaTvis sakmarisi raodenobis<br />
Sesabamisi specialobis mqone kadrebi (<strong>ge</strong>olo<strong>ge</strong>bi, samToelebi,<br />
hidro<strong>ge</strong>olo<strong>ge</strong>bi da sxv.) ar hyavs da am mxriv aucilebelia inspeqciis<br />
SesaZleblobaTa gaZliereba.<br />
aucilebelia, agreTve gaZlierdes garemos monitoringi im samTomopovebiTi<br />
da gadamamuSavebeli sawarmoebis garSemo, romelTa<br />
saqmianobac saSiS nivTierebebTan da mZime metalebTan aris<br />
dakavSirebuli. monitoringi ar unda Semoifarglebodes mxolod<br />
regulirebis obieqtis axlos garemos faqtorebis kontroliT, aramed<br />
unda exebodes moSorebul teritoriebsac, radgan gasaTvaliswinebelia<br />
dambinZurebelTa haerisa da wylis saSualebiT gadatanis SesaZlebloba.<br />
mTeli rigi samTomopovebiTi teritoriebi istoriulad<br />
dabinZurebulia jer kidev sabWoTa kavSiris mier ganxorcielebuli<br />
samTo-mopovebiTi saqmianobebis Sedegad. dRevandeli mompovebeli<br />
kompaniebi am dabinZurebaze pasuxism<strong>ge</strong>beli ar arian. aucilebelia<br />
SemuSavdes axali midgomebi dabinZurebuli teritoriebis aRd<strong>ge</strong>naremediaciis<br />
mizniT. aucilebelia am mizniT SemuSavdes programebi,<br />
moZiebuli iqnas dabinZurebuli teritoriebis aRd<strong>ge</strong>nis xarjebi,<br />
gaZlerdes TanamSromloba saxelmwofosa da dRevandel mflobel<br />
kompaniebs Soris. am mxriv misasalmebelia rigi mewarmeebis iniciativebi.
magaliTad, 2006 wlis noembridan saaqcio sazogadoeba `madneulSi~,<br />
romelic bolnisis madans amuSavebs, funqcionirebs Sromis<br />
usafrTxoebis, janmrTelobis dacvisa da ekologiis samsaxuri, romlis<br />
mimarTulebaa sawarmos teritoriaze arsebuli istoriuli dabinZurebis<br />
aRmofxvra da garemoze SesaZlo mavne zemoqmedebis Semarbilebeli<br />
RonisZiebebis gatareba. am mimarTulebiT sawarmo aqtiurad<br />
TanamSromlobs saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi <strong>resursebi</strong>s<br />
saministrosTan.<br />
gamoyenebuli literatura:<br />
1. R Gigauri, M. Gakhutishvili, K. Giorgadze & Z. Machaidze, A Method of Sodium<br />
Dithioarsenate(V) Production from Hydrometaiiurgical Industrial Wastes of Non-ferrous<br />
and Noble Metals, Proc. Georgian Acad. Sci. 2004, 30, 205.<br />
2. R. Gigauri, I. Chelidze, A. Chiraqadze, M. Gakhutishvili, R. Sakhvadze The New<br />
Technology of Production of High Pure Metallic Arsenic. First International<br />
Conference on Nanochemistry and Nanotechnologies, March 23-24, 20<strong>10.</strong> Tbilisi,<br />
Georgia<br />
3. M. Gakhutishvili and R. Gigauri Arsenic Removals. International Conference and<br />
Exhibition, Batumi-Spring-20<strong>10.</strong><br />
4. r. gigauri, g. CaCava, dariSxani da garemomcveli buneba Tbilisis<br />
universitetis gamomcemloba, Tbilisi, 2004<br />
5. mdinare rionis auzSi mTavari damabinZurebeli wyaroebis (`cxeli<br />
wertilebis~) identificireba da Sefaseba (Identification and Evaluation of<br />
Pollution Sources (Hot Spots) in the River Rioni Basin), CENN, 2008 w.
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