radiaciis bunebrivi wyaroebi Cernobilis avariis ... - momxmarebeli.ge
radiaciis bunebrivi wyaroebi Cernobilis avariis ... - momxmarebeli.ge
radiaciis bunebrivi wyaroebi Cernobilis avariis ... - momxmarebeli.ge
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
adiaciis <strong>bunebrivi</strong> <strong>wyaroebi</strong><br />
<strong>Cernobilis</strong> <strong>avariis</strong> Semdeg dasavleT saqarTvelos mTeli rig<br />
regionebSi warmoiSva radioaqtiuri nivTierebebiT dabinZurebuli laqebi.<br />
am teritoriebze Catarebulma gama-aero-testirebam, romelic atomuri<br />
energiis saerTaSoriso saa<strong>ge</strong>ntos egidiT iqna Catarebuli 2000 wels<br />
safran<strong>ge</strong>Tis atomuri energiis uSiSroebis komisariatisa da birTvuli<br />
da radiaciuli usafrTxoebis samsaxuris specialistTa mier, aCvena, rom<br />
quTaisis midamoebSi kalium-40-is saSualo Semcveloba niadagSi Sead<strong>ge</strong>ns<br />
230 bekereli/kg, bismut-214-isa da uran-238-isa 35 bk/kg, Torium-232-<br />
isa-20 bk/kg. igive teritoriaze dalaqavebul adgilebSi kalium-40-is<br />
xvedriTi aqtiobis maqsimaluri mniSvneloba aRwevs 604 bk/kg, uran-238-<br />
sa 138 bk/kg, Torium-232-sa-55 bk/kg, rac imas niSnavs, rom dalaqavebul<br />
adgilebSi kalium-40-is Semcveloba gazrdilia 2,6-jer, uran-238-sa-3,9<br />
jer, Torium-232-sa-2,5-jer. wyaltuboSi laqebian midamoebSi kalium-40-<br />
is xvedriTi aqtioba gazrdilia 2,7-jer, uran-238-sa - 1,6-jer.<br />
samtrediaSi kalium-40-is xvedriTi aqtioba 2,6 jer metia saSualo<br />
mniSvnelobaze da Sead<strong>ge</strong>ns 310 bk/kg-s, uran-238-s-2,5-jer da Sead<strong>ge</strong>ns 89<br />
bk/kg, Torium-232-1,4-jer da Sead<strong>ge</strong>ns 50 bk/kg-s.<br />
4,5<br />
fardobiTi xvedriTi aqtivoba I<br />
maqs/I dasaS<br />
3<br />
Th-232<br />
1,5<br />
0<br />
K-40<br />
U-238<br />
xoni<br />
quTaisi<br />
wyaltubo<br />
lanCxuTi<br />
vani<br />
zetafoni<br />
xoragauli<br />
senaki<br />
foTi<br />
nax 1. fardobiTi xvedriTi aqtiobis damokidebuleba adgilmdebareobaze.<br />
U-238, Th-232, K-40 izotopebisTvis<br />
maqsimaluria xvedriTi aqtiobis mniSvneloba uran-238-isa niadagSi<br />
xonsa da martvils Soris arsebul Cegolas mTaze, sadac igi 3,2-jer<br />
aRemateba am elementis saSualo xvedriT aqtiobas da utoldeba 109<br />
bk/kg. aseTi anomalia gamowveulia im faqtiT, rom am mTis wiaRSi uranis<br />
arasawarmoo mniSvnelobis uranis madania moqceuli. am mizeziTaa<br />
gamowveuli aRniSnuli mTis zedapirze <strong>bunebrivi</strong> radiaciuli fonis<br />
anomaluri zrda, radgan igi am midamoebSi 25-28 mikrorent<strong>ge</strong>ns aRwevs<br />
saaTSi, rodesac mis irgvliv teritoriebze foni 8-10 mkrentg/sT-is<br />
tolia.<br />
gazomvebi Catarebul iqna lanCxuTis, ozur<strong>ge</strong>Tis, abaSis, martvilis,<br />
senakis, xobis, Cxorowyus, walenjixis, zugdidis, xonis, vanis,
zestafonis, xaragaulis raionebSi da qalaq foTSi. <strong>bunebrivi</strong><br />
radioaqtiuri nuklidebiT gansakuTrebulad dabinZurebuli teritoriebi<br />
SemCneuli ar yofila, rac imaze metyvelebs, rom <strong>Cernobilis</strong> avarias ar<br />
gamouwvevia dasavleT saqarTvelos teritoriebis <strong>bunebrivi</strong><br />
radionuklidebiT dabinZureba da Tu sadme fiqsirdeba maTi niadagSi<br />
koncentraciis mateba, mxolod niadagis <strong>ge</strong>ologiuri Semad<strong>ge</strong>nlobiTaa<br />
gamowveuli.<br />
2
nax.2 γ-aero gadaRebiT miRebuli teritoriebis <strong>bunebrivi</strong> radioaqtiuri<br />
izotopebiT dabinZurebis rukebi q. xonis maxloblobaSi<br />
a. vertmfrenis traeqtoriebi<br />
b. uran-238-iT dabinZurebis ruka<br />
dRevandeli mdgomareobiT fizikis institutis radioaqtiur narCenTa<br />
SesanaxSi ganTavsebulia 117 erTeuli <strong>bunebrivi</strong> radioaqtiuri wyaro,<br />
romelTa Sorisaa urani, plutoniumi, Toriumi, poloniumi da sxva<br />
radionuklidi. isini ZiriTadad qimiuri reaqtivebis saxiT arian.<br />
3
nax 3. <strong>bunebrivi</strong> radioaqtiuri <strong>wyaroebi</strong>s procentuli Semad<strong>ge</strong>nlobiTi wvlili<br />
saerTo raodenobaSi<br />
birTvuli xleCadi masalebi mkacri kotrolis qveS inaxebian cxel<br />
kameraSi da samsaxuri atarebs maT periodul monitorings.<br />
antropo<strong>ge</strong>nuri (xelovnuri) radioaqtiuri <strong>wyaroebi</strong>EE<br />
<strong>Cernobilis</strong> <strong>avariis</strong> Sedegad gaCenili laqebi swored teqno<strong>ge</strong>nuri<br />
radionuklidebiT, cezium-137 da stroncium-90-iT dabinZurebul<br />
niada<strong>ge</strong>bs warmoad<strong>ge</strong>nen. am mxriv rekorduli mniSvneloba dabinZurebis<br />
xarisxisa SemCneulia foTis maxloblad mdebare sofel grigoleTSi,<br />
40<br />
fardobiTi xvedriTi aqtivoba<br />
I maqs /I dasaS<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
foTi(grigoleTi)<br />
jvari<br />
senaki<br />
quTaisi<br />
<strong>ge</strong>laTi<br />
samtredia<br />
xoni<br />
vani<br />
zestafoni<br />
lanCxuTi<br />
nax 4. fardobiTi xvedriTi aqtiobis adgilmdebareobaze damokidebuleba<br />
Cs-137 izotopisaTvis<br />
sadac radionukliduri dabinZurebis xvedriTi aqtioba 30-jer metia<br />
dasaSveb normaze, daba jvarSi-25-jer, senakSi-17-jer, quTaisis<br />
aeroportSi da sofel <strong>ge</strong>laTSi 10-jer, samtrediaSi-5-jer da a.S.<br />
cezium-137 da stroncium-90 radionuklidebis daSlis<br />
naxevarperiodi daaxloebiT 30-32 weliwads Sead<strong>ge</strong>ns. Tu<br />
gaviTvaliswinebT, rom <strong>Cernobilis</strong> <strong>avariis</strong> Semdeg 25 weli gavida,<br />
4
cxadia, rom laqebis dabinZurebis xarisxi <strong>bunebrivi</strong> TviTreabilitaciis<br />
xarjze mcirdeba. dalaqavebuli miwebis xelovnurad reabilitacia<br />
Zalian did ekonomiur xarjebTanaa dalavSirebuli, ris Catarebazec<br />
uari Tqves Tavis droze ukrainam, ruseTis federaciam, SvedeTma,<br />
avstriam da CexeTma. cxadia, rom maT rigs saqarTveloc SeuerTda.<br />
dReisaTvis ki <strong>Cernobilis</strong> <strong>avariis</strong> Sede<strong>ge</strong>bis likvidaciis problema<br />
msoflioSi Teoriuladac aRar ganixileba.<br />
a)<br />
b)<br />
nax 5. γ-aero gadaRebiT miRebuli teritoriebis <strong>bunebrivi</strong><br />
radioaqtiuri izotopebiT dabinZurebis rukebi q. senakis<br />
maxloblobaSi<br />
a) vertmfrenis traeqtoriebi<br />
b) cezium-137-iT dabinZurebis ruka<br />
dReisaTvis saqarTveloSi registrirebulia 1300-mde xelovnuri<br />
radioaqtiuri wyaro, romelTa aqtioba milikiuridan 35 000 kiuramde<br />
icvleba. am wyaroTa Soris 70 % cezium-137 radioniklidi aris, 12 %-<br />
stroncium-90, 7 %-kobalt-60, 4,5 %-radium-226 da a.S.<br />
5
nax. 3 antropo<strong>ge</strong>nuri radioaqtiuri <strong>wyaroebi</strong>s procentuli Semad<strong>ge</strong>nlobebis wvlili<br />
saerTo raodenobidan<br />
saangariSo periodSi (2007-2009 wlebi) dafiqsirebul iqna ori<br />
radiologiuri avaria: samtrediis raionis sofel ianeTSi da TbilisSi,<br />
moskovis gamzirze arsebuli feradi liTonebis jarTis mimReb punqtSi.<br />
sof.ianeTSi miwaSi damarxuli oTxi erTeuli cezium-137 wyaro iqna<br />
amoRebuli da gauvnebelyofili. TbilisSi ki 15 tona jarTi iqna<br />
gasufTavebuli cezium-137 radionuklidis dafxvnili narCenebisagan.<br />
prof. a.RvamiCavas saxelobis Tbilisis nacionaluri onkologiuri<br />
centris teritoriidan radioaqtiur narCenTa SesanaxSi gadatanil iqna<br />
radium-226 da kobalt-60 Tvrameti erTeuli radioaqtiuri wyaro,<br />
romlebic adre braqiTarapiaSi gamoiyenebdnen.<br />
i.javaxiSvilis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis meore saswavlo<br />
korpusidan radioaqtiur narCenTa SesanaxSi gadatanil iqna 107 erTeuli<br />
radioaqtiuri wyaro.<br />
2007-2009 wlis ganmavlobaSi moZiebuli da gauvnebelyofili iqna<br />
45 ukontrolo radioaqtiuri wyaro.<br />
radiaciuli monitoringi saqarTveloSi da misi Sede<strong>ge</strong>biD<br />
saqarTveloSi registrirebuli 1145 maionebeli gamosxivebis<br />
<strong>ge</strong>neratori 746 radioaqtiuri wyaro, radiaciuli saqmianobiT<br />
dakavebuli 640 organizacia, romelTa Sorisac 210-s miniWebuli aqvs<br />
birTvul da radiaciul saqmianobis nebadarTveli licenzia.<br />
samsaxuri asrulebs am organizaciaTa winasalicenzio da <strong>ge</strong>gmiur<br />
inspeqciebs. samsaxuris specialistebi gamomyeneblebs aZleven<br />
rekomendaciebs radiaciuli usafrTxoebis normebis dacvisaTvis<br />
Casatarebeli RonisZiebis Sesaxeb da amowmeben maT Sesrulebas. samsaxuri<br />
6
flobs monacemebs profesionalTa mier muSaobis procesSi dagrovil<br />
efeqturi dozebis Sesaxeb.<br />
samsaxuri periodulad axorcielebs ukontrolo da eaqspluataciis<br />
gareSe, darCenil radioaqtiuri <strong>wyaroebi</strong>s moZiebas, gauvnebelyofasa da<br />
uxifaTo Senaxvis adgilze ganTavsebas.<br />
samsaxuri flobs yvela monacamebs radioaqtiuri tvirTebis<br />
eqsportis, importis, tranzitisa da qveynis SigniT transportirebis<br />
Sesaxeb.<br />
samsaxuri ar awarmoebs qveyanaSi <strong>bunebrivi</strong> radiaciuli fonis<br />
monitorings. es funqcia ekisreba erovnuli monitoringis saa<strong>ge</strong>ntos. am<br />
saa<strong>ge</strong>ntos mier mowodebuli monacemebi aisaxeba cxrilSi. haerSi gamagamosxivebis<br />
eqspoziciuri dozis simZlavris saSualo wliuri ( 2005-<br />
2009 w.w.) monacemebi miTiTebulia mikrorent<strong>ge</strong>n/saaTebSi.<br />
dasaxlebuli<br />
wlebi<br />
punqtebi<br />
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009<br />
axalqalaqi 13 14 13 14 14<br />
axalcixe 13 14 16 17 17<br />
baTumi 13 14 14 13 13<br />
gori 13 14 14 14 14<br />
fasanauri 11 11 12 12 12<br />
dedofliswyaro 11 11 11 10 10<br />
Tbilisi 13 13 13 13 14<br />
Telavi 11 11 11 12 12<br />
faravani 15 16 16 15 16<br />
saCxere 12 13 11 11 12<br />
foTi 9 12 12 12 12<br />
quTaisi 13 12 12 12 12<br />
walka 12 13 13 14 15<br />
zestafoni 10 11 11 12 12<br />
lagodexi - 12 12 12 10<br />
ZiriTadi gamowvevebi<br />
sferoSi arsebuli ZiriTadi problemaa sakanonmdeblo bazis<br />
araslulyofileba. samsaxurma SeimuSava kanonproeqtebis da<br />
kanonqvemdebare aqtebis draftebi, romelic gadacemulia iuridiul<br />
ganyofilebaSi, magram ukve ori weli sruldeba da maTi Sesvla ZalaSi<br />
ki Wianurdeba. maT gareSe ki samsaxurs uWirs efeqturad Seasrulos<br />
Tavisi funqciebi. dasaxvewia licenziis misaRebad saWiro dokumentebis<br />
CamonaTvali, radgan zogierTi maTgani ukve veRar pasuxobs Tanamedrove<br />
teqnikuri progresis dones da dabrkolebebs uqmnis licenziiis<br />
maZieblebs.<br />
7
Change language