wylis xarisxis biomonitoringis Sesavali - Kura River Basin
wylis xarisxis biomonitoringis Sesavali - Kura River Basin
wylis xarisxis biomonitoringis Sesavali - Kura River Basin
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INTRODUCTION TO BIO-MONITIORINGOF WATER QUALITY<strong>wylis</strong> <strong>xarisxis</strong> <strong>biomonitoringis</strong> <strong>Sesavali</strong>Guidance Documentprepared byJesper Ansbaek & Anatoly Pichugininstruqcia momzadebuliajesper anzbaekis da anatoli piCuginis mierTranslation from EnglishTargmani inglisuridanEU Project Trans-Boundary <strong>River</strong> Management Phase II for the <strong>Kura</strong> <strong>River</strong> basintrans-sasazRvro mdinaris – mtkvris auzis menejmentis II faza –somxeTi, saqarTvelo, azerbaijani(TACIS/2007/134-398)Pproeqti dafuZnebulia evrokavSiris mierPproeqts axorcielebsEptisa & Grontmij-CarlBro konsorciumi
trans-sasazRvro mdinaris – mtkvris auzis menejmentis II faza – somxeTi, saqarTvelo, azerbaijani<strong>wylis</strong> <strong>xarisxis</strong> <strong>biomonitoringis</strong> Sesavlis teqnikuri instruqcia<strong>wylis</strong> <strong>xarisxis</strong> <strong>biomonitoringis</strong> <strong>Sesavali</strong>SinaarsirisTvisaa saWiro biologiuri monitoringi? 2mdinareebis biologiuri monitoringi 3mikrobiologiuri parametrebi 6tbebis da wyalsacavebis biologiuri monitoringi 6…biologiuri da qimiuri monitoringis urTierTkavSiri 7biologiuri monitoringi da <strong>wylis</strong> oobieqtze zemoqmedeba 8sxvadasxva tipis monitoringis sadgurebi 10biologiuri monitoringis moTxovnebi da Rirebuleba 11mdinareebis makroskopul uxerxemloTa monitoringis <strong>Sesavali</strong> 12danarTi I: mdinareebi, makrouxerxemloebi. bio maCveneblebisgamoyeneba ekologiuri statusis SefasebisTvis 12SeniSvna:mdinareebSi, tbebSi, wyalsacavebSi, sanapiro da zRvis wylebSidamabinZurebeli nivTierebebis moxvedras Tan axlavs ori efeqti:(1) isini cvlian ekosistemebis struqturas da funqcionirebas.(2) isini risks uqmnian adamianTa janmrTelobas fekaluri baqteriebis,virusebis da toqsiuri naerTebis Semcvelobis gamo.es dokumenti pirvel (1) efeqts Seexeba.1
trans-sasazRvro mdinaris – mtkvris auzis menejmentis II faza – somxeTi, saqarTvelo, azerbaijani<strong>wylis</strong> <strong>xarisxis</strong> <strong>biomonitoringis</strong> Sesavlis teqnikuri instruqciais mizezebi, ris gamoc mdinaris uxerxemloebi mdinaris ekologiuri<strong>xarisxis</strong> mTavar indikatorebad iTvlebian:• makroskopuli uxerxemloebi farTodaa gavrcelebuli mdinaris mTelsigrZeze, maTi Segroveba advilia, aseve advilia maTi identifikaciasxva jgufebTan, mag. planqtonur organizmebTan SedarebiT.• makroskopuli uxerxemloebi SedarebiT umoZraoni arian da amitomkargad asaxaven lokalur pirobebs.• makroskopuli uxerxemloebi sakmaod didxans (Tveebi da wlebi)cocxloben, rac SesaZlebels xdis maT organizmSi xangrZlivi droisganmavlobaSi momxdari zegavlenis efeqtebis integracias.• makroskopul uxerxemloTa sazogadoebebi heterogenulia daramdenime saxeobisgan Sedgeba. es zrdis imis albaTobas, romromelime erTi saxeoba mainc moaxdens reagirebas garemoscvlilebebze.biologiuri monitoringis programas, <strong>wylis</strong> obieqtSi binadarimakroskopuli uxerxemloebis raodenobasa da tipebze dayrdnobiT, SeuZliapasuxi gagvces, ramdenad jansaRia <strong>wylis</strong> obieqti. <strong>wylis</strong> obieqtisdabinZurebisas icvleba iq binadari makroskopuli uxerxemloebisraodenoba da tipebi. magaliTad, dabinZurebul mdinareSi xSirad qrebadabinZurebisadmi sensitiuri organizmebi, rogoricaa mwerebis garkveulisaxeobebi da mravldeba dabinZurebisadmi tolerantuli organizmebi,rogoricaa lokokinebi da wurbelebi.makroskopuli uxerxemloebis nimuSebis aReba unda xdebodesstandartizebuli meTodiT, specialuri badis meSveobiT, romlisnasvretebis zomaa 0,5 mm; mdinaris wyalmarCx adgilebSi, yvela saxissubstratidan, rogoricaa qvebi, xreSi, mcenareebi, narCenebi da wvriligranulirebuli naleqi. nimuSebis aReba xdeba mag. 12 sxvadasxva adgilidan,romlebic gadanawilebulia monitoringis mTel teritoriaze da moicavenmdinaris fskeris substratebis sxvadasxva tipebs. Segrovili cxovelebierT nimuSad jgufdeba.mravali cxoveli, rogoricaa mag. brtyeli Wiebi, wurbelebi, lokokinebi damaisis buzis matlebi magrad ekrobian substrats da badiT amoRebuliraodenoba zustad ver asaxavs maT realur raodenobas <strong>wylis</strong> obieqtSi.amitom, damatebiT xdeba erTeuli nimuSebis xeliT amoReba wyalqveSaqvebidan da xis didi zomis narCenebidan. xeliT amoRebuli cxovelebibadiT amoRebulTagan gancalkevebiT grovdeba.5
trans-sasazRvro mdinaris – mtkvris auzis menejmentis II faza – somxeTi, saqarTvelo, azerbaijani<strong>wylis</strong> <strong>xarisxis</strong> <strong>biomonitoringis</strong> Sesavlis teqnikuri instruqciasxvadasxva sadgurebSi nimuSebis aRebis dro (sezoni) erTi da igive undaiyos, raTa SesaZlebeli iyos sxvadasxva sadgurebis urTierTSedareba;agreTve maTi Sedareba referens-sadgurebTan. nimuSebis mopovebis sezoniunda SeirCes mdinaris uxerxemloebis sasicocxlo ciklebis biologiurieqspertizis safuZvelze, amasTan gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnas praqtikuliaspeqtebic, rogoricaa mag. mdinaris advilad misadgomoba. praqtikulimiznebis gaTvaliswinebiT, Cveulebriv mosaxerxebelia zafxulis bolo daSemodgoma.makroskopuli uxerxemloebis daxarisxeba da identifikacialaboratoriaSi xdeba.saxeobebis CamonaTvalis da makroskopuli uxerxemloebis raodenobazedayrdnobiT gamoiTvleba ekologiuri statusis erTi an meti bioturimaCvenebeli. arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs, rom uxerxemloTa faunisSemajamebeli, saboloo Sefaseba gamoixatos erTi maCvenebliT, romelicbiologiur statuss asaxavs.mikrobiologiuri parametrebiqimiuri analizisTvis <strong>wylis</strong> nimuSis aRebis paralelurad xdeba nimuSisaReba zogierTi fekaluri baqteriis monitoringisTvis, vinaidan maTiarseboba miuTiTebs <strong>wylis</strong> zedapiruli fenis dabinZurebaze sakanalizaciowylebiT da isini risks uqmnian adamianTa janmrTelobastbebis da wyalsacavebis biologiuri monitoringitbebisa da wyalsacavebis monitoringisTvis biologiuri elementebidanprioriteti eniWeba fitoplanqtonuri saxeobebis arsebobas da maTraodenobas. fitoplanqtonis monitoringisTvis gamoiyeneba <strong>wylis</strong> igivenimuSebi, rac qimiuri parametrebisTvis, Tumca, rekomendebulia agreTveplanqtonis badiT mopovebuli nimuSis Seswavla.fitoplanqtonis raodenobrivi monitoringisTvis erTiani <strong>wylis</strong> nimuSidanxdeba mcire nimuSis (mag. 100 ml) aReba, <strong>wylis</strong> obieqtis siRrmis yovelimetridan, sanam ar CavalT sekis siRrmeze orjer ufro Rrmad. garda amisa,xdeba xarisxobrivi nimuSis aReba planqtonis badiT, romlis nasvretiszomaa saSualod 0,02 mm. nimuSis amotana xdeba badiT, daaxloebiT ormagisekis siRrmidan <strong>wylis</strong> zedapiramde, erTxel an metjer. orive nimuSiinaxeba.6
trans-sasazRvro mdinaris – mtkvris auzis menejmentis II faza – somxeTi, saqarTvelo, azerbaijani<strong>wylis</strong> <strong>xarisxis</strong> <strong>biomonitoringis</strong> Sesavlis teqnikuri instruqciafitoplanqtonis raodenobrivi nimuSis Seswavla xdeba invertulimikroskopiT (nimuSis 5-25 ml-is sedimentaciur sakanSi daleqvis Semdeg).fitoplanqtonis sxvadasxva saxeobebis identifikacia da daTvla undamoxdes gavrcelebuli saxeobebis identificirebis doneze, raTa SefasdesmaTi SedarebiTi siWarbe (mag. 1-dan 5 qulamde skaliT). ufro detaluriinformaciis misaRebad unda moxdes gavrcelebuli saxeobebis daTvla damaTi moculobis Sefaseba TiToeuli saxeobis ganzomilebebis safuZvelze.ufro detaluri mikroskopuli Seswavla saSualebas mogvcemsgamovTvaloT TiToeuli gavrcelebuli taqsonomiuri jgufis an saxeobisbiomasa, aqedan gamomdinare ufro detalurad da raodenobrivad mivadevnoTTvalyuri sxvadasxva fitoplanqtonuri jgufis ganviTarebas.xarisxobrivi nimuSis aReba planqtonuri badiT xdeba fitoplanqtonisgansakuTrebiT msxvili saxeobebis ufro srulyofili suraTis misaRebad.rekomendebulia iseTi maCveneblis SemuSaveba, romelic aRwers biologiurxarisxs fitoplanqtonis saxeobebze/ ojaxebze dayrdnobiT. am maCveneblissakvanZo elementi unda iyos sxvadasxva taqsonomiuri jgufebissensitiuroba/ tolerantoba evtrofikaciis (daWaobebis) mimarT.planqtonis monitoringis aRwera da Sedegebis Sefaseba SegiZliaT ixiloTmag. evrokavSiris kvleviTi proeqtis Rebecca angariSSi 1 .angariSebSi monitoringis Sedegebi SeiZleba warmodgenili iyos cxrilebisda grafikebis saxiT, romlebic gviCveneben dominanturi saxeobebisganviTarebas droSi; an grafikebis saxiT, romlebic gviCvenebenfitoplanqtonis msxvili jgufebis ganviTarebas saerTo moculobaSi.biologiuri da qimiuri monitoringis urTierTkavSiribiologiuri monitoringis Sedegebis interpretaciaSi gvexmareba imsakvanZo qimiuri parametrebis monitoringi, romlebic Camdinare wylebTanerTad xvdeba <strong>wylis</strong> obieqtSi da gavlenas axdens <strong>wylis</strong> cocxalsamyaroze.1 kvleviTi proeqti EU REBECCA. ”doza-sapasuxo reaqciis” mimarTebebi biologiur da qimiurnivTierebebs Soris sxvadasxva tipis tbebSi: http://www.rbmtoolbox.net/docstore/docs/3.1713.D11.pdf7
trans-sasazRvro mdinaris – mtkvris auzis menejmentis II faza – somxeTi, saqarTvelo, azerbaijani<strong>wylis</strong> <strong>xarisxis</strong> <strong>biomonitoringis</strong> Sesavlis teqnikuri instruqciabiologiuri monitoringi unda Seivsos fiziko-qimiuri monitoringiT(biologiuri monitoringis yvela sadguris monitoringis programaSi undaCairTos sabaziso fiziko-qimiuri parametrebi)qvemoT moyvanil cxrilSi SemoTavazebulia sakvanZo fizikuri da qimiuriparametrebi, romelTa monitoringic unda moxdes adgilze dalaboratoriaSi, biologiur nimuSebTan erTad aRebuli nimuSebissafuZvelze.<strong>wylis</strong> dinebatemperaturaJangbadipHSewonili myari nawilakebisaerTo fosforigaxsnili, aqtiuri fosfori(PO 4 -P)saerTo azotiamoniumis azoti (NH 4 -N)nitratebis azoti (NO 3 -N)COD - Jangbadze qimiuri moTxovnileba(biqromati)nitritebis azoti (NO 2 -N)an TOC - saerTo organuli naxSirbadiBOD 5 - Jangbadze bioqimiuri moTxovnileba(5 dRis ganmavlobaSi)<strong>wylis</strong> gamWvirvaloba (sekis siRrme) –(ZiriTadad wyalsacavebisa da tbebisTvis)aqtiuri siliciumiqlorofili a(ZiriTadad wyalsacavebisa datbebisTvis)bologiuri monitoringi da <strong>wylis</strong> obieqtze zemoqmedebaqimiuri monitoringis dros SedarebiT martivad xerxdeba kavSiris dadgenaCaSvebul Camdinare (mag. sakanalizacio) wyalSi da mimReb <strong>wylis</strong> obieqtSidamabinZureblis koncentraciebs Soris.8
trans-sasazRvro mdinaris – mtkvris auzis menejmentis II faza – somxeTi, saqarTvelo, azerbaijani<strong>wylis</strong> <strong>xarisxis</strong> <strong>biomonitoringis</strong> Sesavlis teqnikuri instruqciaqvemoT moyvanili modelis safuZvelze SeiZleba gamoviTvaloT, rakoncentraciiT grovdeba konkretuli damabinZurebeli mimReb <strong>wylis</strong>obieqtSi, Tu cnobilia am damabinZureblis koncentracia Camdinare nakadSi.SedarebiT ufro rTulia mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSiris dadgena biologiuri<strong>xarisxis</strong> elementebs Soris. qvemoT moyvanili sqema gviCvenebs, rogorSeiZleba gamoviyenoT biologiuri monitoringis Sedegebi qimiuriparametris koncentraciis dasadgenad, rac Semdeg SeiZleba SedardesCamdinare <strong>wylis</strong> Semadgenlobas.9
trans-sasazRvro mdinaris – mtkvris auzis menejmentis II faza – somxeTi, saqarTvelo, azerbaijani<strong>wylis</strong> <strong>xarisxis</strong> <strong>biomonitoringis</strong> Sesavlis teqnikuri instruqciasxvadasxva tipis monitoringis sadgurebimonitoringis programam unda mogvawodos is aucilebeli informacia,romlis safuZvelzec moxdeba maqsimalurad xarj-efeqturigadawyvetilebis miReba zedapiruli wylebis <strong>xarisxis</strong> dacvisRonisZiebebTan dakavSirebiT. am miznis misaRwevad SesaZlebelia programaSiCairTos sxvadasxva tipis samonitoro sadgurebi, romelTagan TiToeulsganesazRvreba parametrebis specifiuri nakrebi da nimuSebis aRebisgarkveuli sixSire, rac maqsimalurad sasargeblo informacias mogvawvdisCvenTvis saintereso <strong>wylis</strong> obieqtis Sesaxeb. cxrilSi moyvanilia samisxvadasxva tipis sadguris magaliTebi (wyaro: (winadadeba bosniahercegovinaszedapiruli wylebis monitoringis Sesaxeb, 2008 ivlisi -“Proposal on Monitoring of Surface Waters in BiH”, July 2008, Grontmij | Carl Bro A/S inconsortium with REC BiH and NERI).10
trans-sasazRvro mdinaris – mtkvris auzis menejmentis II faza – somxeTi, saqarTvelo, azerbaijani<strong>wylis</strong> <strong>xarisxis</strong> <strong>biomonitoringis</strong> Sesavlis teqnikuri instruqciacxrili: sami tipis samonitoro sadgurebis daxasiaTebasamonitorosadguris tipiintensiuri,yovelwliuri<strong>wylis</strong>nakadismonitoringi<strong>wylis</strong> nimuSisaReba qimiurianalizisTvisyoveldRiuri yovelTviuradbiologiurinimuSebis aRebadahidromorfologiaweliwadSierTxel(wyalsacavebSi –yovlTviurad)transportirebisyovelwliurigaangariSebadiaxintensiuri,arayovelwliuriyoveldRiuri yovelTviuradweliwadSierTxel(wyalsacavebSi –yovlTviurad)diaxeqstensiuri(ZiriTadadmcire dasaSualo zomismdinareebi)gamoTvla,Sefaseba anmonitoringixdebanimuSisaRebis dReserTxelpirveli samiwlisganmavlobaSierTxel pirvelisami wlisganmavlobaSiarabiologuri monitoringis moTxovnebi da Rirebulebabiologiuri monitoringis programis warmoeba SedarebiT martivia.kritikuli mniSvnelobisaa maRalkvalificiuri biologebis arseboba (ufrokonkretulad – taqsonomiis specialistebisa, romlebic icnoben Sesaswavli<strong>wylis</strong> obieqtis ekologias). amasTan, Cveulebriv am specialistebs mxoloderTi tipis monitoringSi aqvs gamocdileba. magaliTad, mdinareebismakroskopuli uxerxemloebis specialistis taqsonomiuri codnaCveulebriv, arasakmarisia tbebis fitoplanqtonis nimuSebisdasamuSaveblad.biologiuri nimuSebis Seswavlisas saWiroa sivrce laboratoriisTvis,aRWurviloba nimuSebis asaRebad, manqanebi, reaqtivebi nimuSebiskonservaciisaTvis, mikroskopebi, saxeobaTa identifikaciis instruqciebi,kompiuterebi, monitoringis Sedegebis Senaxvis da Setyobinebiskompiuteruli programebi da sxv., saerTod, biologiuri laboratoriisaRWurva ufro iafia, rTuli qimiuri analizebis CasatarebellaboratoriasTan SedarebiT.monitoringis programis (biologiuri, qimiuri da hidromorfologiuri anu<strong>wylis</strong> nakadis monitoringi) saerTo Rirebulebis procentuli wili,romelic biologiur monitoringze gamoiyofa, cxadia damokidebulia11
trans-sasazRvro mdinaris – mtkvris auzis menejmentis II faza – somxeTi, saqarTvelo, azerbaijani<strong>wylis</strong> <strong>xarisxis</strong> <strong>biomonitoringis</strong> Sesavlis teqnikuri instruqciamonitoringis programis agebulebaze. zedapiruli <strong>wylis</strong> monitoringis“Cveulebrivi” programisTvis, romelic iTvaliswinebs <strong>wylis</strong> CarCodireqtivis moTxovnebs da optimizebulia gadawyvetilebis misaRebadsaWiro informaciis mopovebis TvalsazrisiT, aRniSnuli wili Seadgensprogramis mTliani Rirebulebis daaxloebiT 1/3-s.mdinareebis makroskopuli uxerxemloebis monitoringis <strong>Sesavali</strong>somxeTSi, azerbaijansa da saqarTveloSi <strong>wylis</strong> CarCo direqtivis WFDmeTodologiis mixedviT biologiuri monitoringis danergvis sawyisstadiaze rekomendebulia fokusireba mdinareebis makroskopuliuxerxemloebis monitoringze. mogvianebiT, biologiur monitoringSiSeiZleba CairTos mdinareebis biologiuri monitoringis sxva xarisxobrivielementebic da agreTve tbebis, wyalsacavebis, gardamavali da sanapirowylebis xarisxobrivi elementebi.vinaidan am sam qveyanaSi biologiuri monitoringis gamocdileba sakmaodSezRudulia, SemoTavazebulia 2-3-wliani teqnikuri daxmarebis proeqtisSemuSaveba, romlis farglebSic moxdeba sami qveynis specialistebistreningi mdinareebis makroskopuli uxerxemloebis monitoringSi.speialistebis treningi imgvarad unda warimarTos, rom maT SemdgomTviTon SeZlon treningebis Catareba.treningis paralelurad, proeqtis farglebSi unda moxdes makroskopuliuxerxemloebis sazogadoebebis sabaziso kvleva sami qveynis mdinaris<strong>wylis</strong> obieqtebSi, saxelmZRvaneloebis da wesebis SemuSaveba da a.S.danarTi 1: mdinareebi, makroskopuli uxerxemloebi. ekologiuri statusisSesafasebeli bioturi maCveneblebi.mdinareebis ekologiuri statusis klasifikaciisTvis rekomendebuliamultimetruli indeqsis SemuSaveba da danergva, makroskopuliuxerxemloebis safuZvelze. rekomendebulia bioturi maCveneblebisgamoyeneba, romlebic Semdeg sam aspeqts aRwers:1. Sefardeba sensitiur da tolerantul formebs Soris (ukanasknelTaSoris igulismeba is formebic, romelTa stimulacia xdeba organulidabinZurebiT);2. makroskopul uxerxemloTa raodenoba da SefardebiTi raodenoba;3. mravalferovneba da simdidre.12
trans-sasazRvro mdinaris – mtkvris auzis menejmentis II faza – somxeTi, saqarTvelo, azerbaijani<strong>wylis</strong> <strong>xarisxis</strong> <strong>biomonitoringis</strong> Sesavlis teqnikuri instruqciaaRniSnuli samidan TiToeul kategoriaSi SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnaserTze meti maCvenebeli. multimetruli indeqsi unda izomebodes 0-dan 1-mdeskalaze (an SesaZlebeli unda iyos misi gadayvana am skalaze), sadac 1Seesabameba Seucvlel referensul (Sesadarebel) mdgomareobas. pirveliaspeqti gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania sayofacxovrebo Camdinare wylebisgavlenis Sefasebisas.savaraudod sistemis gamosadegi mravali maCvenebeli aRweriliaevrokavSiris proeqtis AQEM farglebSi da warmodgenilia AQEM-is vebgverdze dokumentSi „AQEM sistemis gamoyenebis instruqcia“ (MANUAL FORTHE APPLICATION OF THE AQEM SYSTEM) 2 . garda amisa, evrokavSiris proeqtisEuro-Limpacs farglebSi SemuSavebulia evropis mtknari wylebis monacemTabaza 3 .biologiuri indeqsis gamoTvla xdeba identificirebul (da garkveuldonemde daTvlil) uxerxemloTa safuZvelze. monitoringis SedegebiSeiZleba gamoviyenoT mravali sxvadasxva maCveneblis gamoTvlisTvis.momavalSi SesaZlebelia axali tipis indeqsze gadasvla, xolo misimniSvnelobis gamosaTvlelad monitoringis igive “nedli” monacemebisgamoyeneba (saxeobaTa CamonaTvali da a.S.)2 AQEM. evrokavSiris <strong>wylis</strong> CarCo direqtivis sistema ekologiuri <strong>xarisxis</strong> Sesafasebladevropis gamdinare wylebSi, sadac uxerxemloebi binadroben: http://www.aqem.de/3 Euro‐Limpacs. evropis mtknari wylebis taqsonebis detaluri monacemTa baza:http://www.freshwaterecology.info/13
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