500-600 m simaRleze itumbebo<strong>da</strong>. ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT es saqmianobasruliad gaumarTlebeli iyo <strong>da</strong> sabWoTa kavSiris <strong>da</strong>Slis Semdeg Sewy<strong>da</strong>kidec. zedmeti rwyviT <strong>da</strong>zianebuli miwebi ki eroziis procesebma moicva.- Warbi Zoveba. saqarTvelos semiariduli zona (ivris zegani <strong>da</strong> misimimdebare teritoriebi) istoriulad saqarTvelos zamTris saZovarswarmoad<strong>ge</strong>n<strong>da</strong>. saqarTvelos gasabWoebamde saZovrebis marTvanakveTmori<strong>ge</strong>obis <strong>da</strong> saZovarTbrunvis tradiciuli sistemebis gamoyenebissaSualebiT xorcieldebo<strong>da</strong>, romelic saukuneebis ganmavlobaSiCamoyalib<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> saZovrebis mdgrad gamoyenebas uzrunvelyof<strong>da</strong>. es sistemaTemur miwaTsar<strong>ge</strong>blobas efuZnebo<strong>da</strong>, rac mecxvares saZovrebismdgomareobis adekvaturad Sefasebis stimuls uqmni<strong>da</strong>. saZovrebis marTvises sistema SeuTavsebeli aRmoCn<strong>da</strong> sabWoTa ekonomikasTan. sabWoTa periodSigauqm<strong>da</strong> rogorc <strong>miwis</strong> kerZo sakuTreba, aseve Temuri miwaTsar<strong>ge</strong>bloba.swored am periods ukavSirdeba ariduli <strong>da</strong> semiariduli saZovrebisdegra<strong>da</strong>ciis procesebis <strong>da</strong>wyeba. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom cxvris migraciazafxulisa <strong>da</strong> zamTris saZovrebs Soris dResac xdeba, igi ar arissrulyofili. kerZod, sazafxulo saZovrebze cxvari Zalze didxans, 8-9 Tve,Cerdeba <strong>da</strong> mis srul degra<strong>da</strong>cias iwvevs. am saZovrebze Raribdeba <strong>da</strong>mcirdeba balaxovani safari, Txeldeba <strong>da</strong> ufro iolad <strong>da</strong>zianebadi xdebania<strong>da</strong>gi.gau<strong>da</strong>bnoebis procesTan brZolisTvis 1994 wels Camoyalib<strong>da</strong>gau<strong>da</strong>bnoebasTan brZolis konvencia. 1999 wli<strong>da</strong>n saqarTvelo am konvenciis mxarea.2003 wels <strong>da</strong>mtkic<strong>da</strong> saqarTvelos gau<strong>da</strong>bnoebasTan brZolis moqmedebaTaerovnuli programa, sa<strong>da</strong>c gamoyofilia gau<strong>da</strong>bneobis safrTxis winaSe myofiprioritetuli farTobebi, am farTobebis farglebSi gansazRvrulia gau<strong>da</strong>bnoebisgamomwvevi ZiriTadi faqtorebi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>saxulia gau<strong>da</strong>bnoebis winaaRmdeg brZolismokle <strong>da</strong> saSualovadiani (2003-2007) RonisZiebebi, mosalodneli Sede<strong>ge</strong>biTa <strong>da</strong>Sesrulebis vadebiT. programa iTvaliswinebs rogorc problemis ukeT Seswavlasa<strong>da</strong> gaanalizebas, konkretuli samoqmedo <strong>ge</strong>gmebis momzadebaze mimarTulsaqmianobebs (gvalviani raionebis gamovlena, mravalwliuri maxasiaTeblebisSeswavla, niade<strong>ge</strong>bis mdgomareobisa <strong>da</strong> wylis <strong>resursebi</strong>s defcitis Sefaseba,maTematikuri modelebis Sed<strong>ge</strong>na, mowyvladi adgilebis gamovlena <strong>da</strong> maTi aRdenissamoqmedo <strong>ge</strong>gmebis SemuSaveba <strong>da</strong> sxva), aseve gvTavazobs gau<strong>da</strong>bnoebis fonzebiomravalferovnebis SenarCunebis RonisZiebebs (konkretuli saxeobebiskonservaciis programebis SemuSaveba, Walis tyeebis konservaciis RonisZiebebis<strong>ge</strong>gmis Sed<strong>ge</strong>na <strong>da</strong> ganxorcieleba. gaTvaliswinebulia agreTve soflismeurneobaSi gasatarebeli RonisZiebebi: saZovrebis pasportizacia <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>tvirTvisnormebis <strong>da</strong>d<strong>ge</strong>na, tradiciuli codnisa <strong>da</strong> gamocdilebis gamoyenebis xelSewyoba,saxnav-saTesi miwebis marTvis principebisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>ge</strong>gmis SemuSaveba, soflismeurneobis mdgradi gamoyenebis programis momzadeba.<strong>da</strong>finansebis simciris gamo saqarTvelos gau<strong>da</strong>bnoebasTan brZolismoqmedebaTa erovnuli programa sruli formatiT ar ganxorcielebula, Tumcacalkeuli proeqtebi SeZlebis<strong>da</strong>gvarad mimdinareobs. magaliTad, amJamaddedofliswyaros raionSi, romelic miCneulia klimatis cvlilebisadmi <strong>da</strong> <strong>miwis</strong>degra<strong>da</strong>ciis TvalsazrisiT erT-erT yvelaze mgrZnobiare teritoriadsaqarTveloSi, xorcieldeba <strong>ge</strong>rmaniis teqnikuri TanamSromlobis sazogadoebis<strong>da</strong>finansebuli proeqti, romelic degradirebuli miwebis aRd<strong>ge</strong>nas iTvaliswinebs.kerZod, mimdinareobs gaCexili qarsacavi zolebis <strong>da</strong> naTeli tyeebis aRd<strong>ge</strong>na,<strong>da</strong><strong>ge</strong>gmilia am regionSi saZovrebis mdgradi marTvis <strong>da</strong>nergvac.3. ZiriTadi gamowvevebinia<strong>da</strong><strong>ge</strong>bis Seswavlisa <strong>da</strong> eroziisgan <strong>da</strong>cvis mizniT soflis meurneobissaministro regularulad axorcielebs sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva RonisZiebas. 1998-2003 ww-Si ammimarTulebiT muSaob<strong>da</strong> saxelmwifo programebi: `<strong>da</strong>mlaSebuli <strong>da</strong> mJave
nia<strong>da</strong><strong>ge</strong>bis nayofierebis gaumjobesebis RonisZiebebis~ <strong>da</strong> `nia<strong>da</strong>gis <strong>da</strong>cvaeroziuli procesebisagan~. samwuxarod, rogorc programebis gansaxorcieleblifinansebi, aseve maTi <strong>ge</strong>ografiuli areali sakmaod mokrZalebuli iyo, kerZod:1. 19 raionSi sasoflo-sameurneo <strong>miwis</strong> farTobebze ganxorciel<strong>da</strong> SerCeviTinia<strong>da</strong>gis agroqimiuri Seswavla <strong>da</strong> maTi xarisxobrivi Sefaseba (3262 ha).ZiriTadi maCveneblebi iyo humusi, mcenarisaTvis aucilebeli sakvebielementebi (azoti, fosfori, kaliumi). sakvlevi teritoriebi ganekuTvnakategorias `Zalian Raribi~.2. 2004 wels saxelmwifo programiT 80 aTasi lari gamoyofili iyo eroziissawinaaRmdego RonisZiebebis gansaxorcieleblad. nia<strong>da</strong>gis eroziisagan<strong>da</strong>sacavad aWaris avtonomiur respublikaSi 24 ha farTobze <strong>da</strong>irgo xeebi.3. sazogadoebis cnobierebis amaRlebis mizniT gamoica broSura`rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebi eroziis winaaRmdeg~.2003 wels SemuSav<strong>da</strong> `saqarTvelos nia<strong>da</strong><strong>ge</strong>bis <strong>da</strong>cvisa <strong>da</strong> nayofierebisamaRlebis 2003-2010 wlebis saxelmwifo programa~, romelic gulisxmob<strong>da</strong>nia<strong>da</strong><strong>ge</strong>bis Semdgom gamokvlevebs <strong>da</strong> bicobi <strong>da</strong> mJave nia<strong>da</strong><strong>ge</strong>bis qimiurimelioraciisa <strong>da</strong> eroziis RonisZiebebs. samwuxarod, saTanado <strong>da</strong>finansebisuqonlobis gamo es programa ar ganxorciel<strong>da</strong>.amJamad:• Sewyvetilia nia<strong>da</strong><strong>ge</strong>bis gamokvlevebi <strong>da</strong> nayofierebis monitoringi, saTanadorekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebis SemuSaveba, sasuqebis gamoyeneba praqtikulad yovelgvari<strong>da</strong>sabuTebis gareSe stiqiurad xdeba, ramac TiTqmis yvela tipis nia<strong>da</strong>gSimcenarisaTvis saWiro sakvebi elementebis deficiti gamoiwvia.• gaZlier<strong>da</strong> nia<strong>da</strong>gSi mimdinare iseTi uaryofiTi procesebi, rogoricaa:gabicobeba <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mlaSeba, meoradi <strong>da</strong>Waobeba, gamJavianeba, rac aTasobiT hafarTobis sasoflo-sameurneo brunvi<strong>da</strong>n amovardnis <strong>da</strong> nia<strong>da</strong><strong>ge</strong>bis maRalikategorii<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>bal kategoriaSi ga<strong>da</strong>svlis realur pirobebs qmnis.• seriozulad gaZlier<strong>da</strong> eroziuli procesebi, ramac gamoiwvia aTasobiTtona nia<strong>da</strong>gis nayofieri fenis <strong>da</strong>kargva, mewyerebis, xramebis warmoqmnisprovocireba.saqarTvelos garemos <strong>da</strong>cvisa <strong>da</strong> bunebrivi <strong>resursebi</strong>s saministros garemoserovnuli saa<strong>ge</strong>ntos mier 2010 wli<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>wyebulia nia<strong>da</strong>gis sinjebSi mZimeliTonebisa <strong>da</strong> navTobproduqtebis gansazRvra. <strong>da</strong><strong>ge</strong>gmilia nia<strong>da</strong>gis <strong>da</strong>binZurebisregularuli monitoringis qselis Camoyalibeba.aucilebelia SemuSavdes `saqarTvelos nia<strong>da</strong><strong>ge</strong>bis <strong>da</strong>cvisa <strong>da</strong> SenarCunebissaxelmwifo programa 2012-2016 wlebisa <strong>da</strong> perspeqtiuli periodisaTvis”, romlissafuZvelzec Semdgom momzaddeba <strong>da</strong> ganxorcieldeba yovelwliuri miznobriviprogramebi nia<strong>da</strong><strong>ge</strong>bis nayofierebis SenarCuneba-amaRlebis uzrunvelsayofad.გამოყენებული ლიტერატურა:1. saqarTvelos nia<strong>da</strong><strong>ge</strong>bis atlasi bunebrivi mosavlianobis SefasebisaTvis <strong>da</strong> bunebrivi<strong>resursebi</strong>s <strong>da</strong>cvisaTvis, KfW-is mier Tana<strong>da</strong>finansebuli ka<strong>da</strong>strisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>miwis</strong> registraciisproeqtis `miwaTmowyobis~(LCC) komponenti, 2006 w.2. saqarTvelos gau<strong>da</strong>bnoebis winaaRmdeg brZolis erovnuli programa.3. z. oqrocvariZe, sasoflo-sameurneo <strong>da</strong>niSnulebis <strong>miwis</strong> gamoyenebis efeqtianobis amaRlebisgzebi sameurneo meqanizmis srulyofis pirobebSi, disertacia, Tbilisi, 2006.