saxelmZRvanelo "informaciuli da sakomunikacio teqnologiebi"
saxelmZRvanelo "informaciuli da sakomunikacio teqnologiebi"
saxelmZRvanelo "informaciuli da sakomunikacio teqnologiebi"
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monacemebs uwodeben. asoebi, ricxvebi, xma, grafikuli gamosaxulebebi,<br />
foto <strong>da</strong> video gamosaxulebebi aris monacemebi, Cveulebisamebr es<br />
monacemebi warmodgenili aris naturaluri anu analoguri formiT.<br />
kompiuterSi informacia warmodgenilia eleqtro impulsebis<br />
saxiT, e.i. pirobiTad, rom vTqvaT, 0-ebisa <strong>da</strong> 1-ianebis mimdevrobis saxiT.<br />
Sesabamisad monacemebs cifruls uwodeben. informaciis kodirebisaTvis<br />
gamoiyeneba Tvlis orobiTi sistema, romelSic mxolod 2 cifria 0 <strong>da</strong> 1.<br />
cifruli monacemis erT Tanrigs, romelSic SeiZleba eweros 0 an 1 <strong>da</strong><br />
warmoadgens informaciis zomis minimalur erTeuls, bits uwodeben.<br />
kodirebisaTvis gamoiyeneba rvabitiani kombinacia, romelsac baiti<br />
ewodeba. informaciis ZiriTad sazom erTeulad iTvleba baiti. amasTanave<br />
arsebobs informaciis sazomi ufro msxvili erTeulebic: kilobaiti,<br />
megabaiti, gigabaiti, terabaiti.<br />
1 kb (kilobaiti) - 1024 b (baiti)<br />
1 mb (megabaiti) - 1024 kb (kilobaiti)<br />
1 gb (gigabaiti) - 1024 mb (megabaiti)<br />
1 tb (terabaiti) - 1024 gb (gigabaiti)<br />
rvabitiani ricxvebiT kodirebisaTvis arsebobs saerTaSoriso<br />
SeTanxmebiT miRebuli cxrili, romelsac ewodeba ASCII (American Stan<strong>da</strong>rt<br />
Code for Information Inrerchange).<br />
aseve arsebobs Teqvsmetiani kombinaciebiT kodebis sistema,<br />
romelsac ewodeba UNICODE. yvela SesaZlo 16-bitiani kombinaciebis<br />
raodenoba aris 65536, rac sakmarisia yvela arsebuli anbanis simboloTa<br />
kodirebisaTvis.<br />
informaciis erTobliobas, romelic Cawerilia diskze <strong>da</strong> aqvs<br />
sakuTari unikaluri saxeli, faili (File) ewodeba. failis saxeli Sedgeba<br />
ori nawilisagan: sakuTriv saxeli (Name) <strong>da</strong> gafarToeba (Extension).<br />
Windows-Si, failis saxeli ar un<strong>da</strong> aRematebodes 255 simbolos <strong>da</strong><br />
masSi gamoyenebuli ar un<strong>da</strong> iyos Semdegi simboloebi: * / \ ? ~ : < ><br />
gafarToeba failis saxelis mniSvnelovani nawilia. igi gviCvenebs<br />
Tu romel tips ganekuTvneba mocemuli faili, amitomac xSirad,<br />
gafarToebas failis tips uwodeben. failis gafarToeba SeiZleba<br />
miniWebul iqnas rogorc momxmareblis, aseve im programis mier romlis<br />
saSualebiTac aris Seqmnili mocemuli faili.<br />
arsebobs mravali tipis faili, magram pirobiTad isini mainc iyofa<br />
or did klasad:<br />
1. programuli failebi (Program Files);<br />
2. monacemTa failebi (Data Files);<br />
programuli failebi Seicaven mikroprocesoris muSaobisaTvis gankuTvnil<br />
specialur instruqciebs. programul failebs ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d<br />
gaaCniaT .COM an .EXE gafarToebebi.<br />
monacemTa faili Seicavs sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxis informacias. is SeiZleba<br />
iyos teqsturi, grafikuli, cxriluri, romlebsac momxmarebeli adgens<br />
Sesabamisi gamoyenebiTi programebis saSualebiT.<br />
failis saxelisagan gafarToeba gamoiyofa wertiliT, igi SeiZleba<br />
Seicavdes sam simbolomde. gafarToebis gar<strong>da</strong> failis tipis aRsaniSnavad<br />
gamoiyeneba failis piqtograma.<br />
monacemTa Senaxvisas adgili aqvs Semdeg problemas: rogor<br />
SevinaxoT monacemebi kompaqturi saxiT <strong>da</strong> rogor uzrunvelvyoT maTTan<br />
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