saxelmZRvanelo "informaciuli da sakomunikacio teqnologiebi"
saxelmZRvanelo "informaciuli da sakomunikacio teqnologiebi"
saxelmZRvanelo "informaciuli da sakomunikacio teqnologiebi"
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Tavi 1. <strong>informaciuli</strong> teqnologiebis ZiriTadi cnebebi <strong>da</strong><br />
principebi, kompiuteris gamoyeneba <strong>da</strong> failebis menejeri<br />
A1. sabazo done:<br />
− zogadi cnobebi;<br />
− personaluri kompiuteris ZiriTadi mowyobilobebi;<br />
− periferiuli mowyobilobebi;<br />
− mudmivi mexsiereba;<br />
− informaciis warmodgena <strong>da</strong> Senaxva kompiuterSi;<br />
− programuli uzrunvelyofa;<br />
− operaciuli sistema Windows-i <strong>da</strong> misi interfeisis aRwera;<br />
− Windows-<strong>da</strong>n gamosvla <strong>da</strong> kompiuteris gamorTva;<br />
− fanjris elementebi <strong>da</strong> maTi marTva;<br />
− gamoyenebiTi programebis zogadi mimoxilva;<br />
zogadi cnobebi<br />
gamoTvliTi teqnikis ganviTareba saukuneebis istorias iTvlis. 1642<br />
wels frangma mecnierma b. paskalma Seqmna pirveli meqanikuri gamoTvliTi<br />
manqana, romelic awarmoeb<strong>da</strong> Sekreba-gamoklebas. 1673 wels<br />
mecnieri laibnici qmnis manqanas, romelic asrulebs oTxive ariTmetikul<br />
operacias, SemdgomSi - XIX saukuneSi Seiqmna ufro maRali sizustisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> saimedobis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva konstruqciis meqanikuri gamoTvliTi<br />
manqanebi.<br />
personaluri kompiuteri gamoirCeva misi winamorbedebisagan bevri<br />
u<strong>da</strong>vo upiratesobiT, rogoricaa simartive, siswrafe, saimedooba, <strong>da</strong> a.S.,<br />
swored am upiratesobis gamo gax<strong>da</strong> yvela sferoSi moRvawe a<strong>da</strong>mianisTvis<br />
saWiro <strong>da</strong> aucilebeli.<br />
kompiuteris mwarmoebelma MITS kompaniam, romelic <strong>da</strong>arsa<br />
robertsma, 1974 wels Seqmna pirveli personaluri mikrokompiuteri<br />
romelsac “Altair” erqva. “Altair” warmoadgen<strong>da</strong> mikro kompiuteris asawyob<br />
nakrebs <strong>da</strong> Zalze gansxvavdebo<strong>da</strong> Tanamedrove personalur kompiuterisagan,<br />
mas ar hqon<strong>da</strong> klaviatura <strong>da</strong> monitori. monacemis Seyvana<br />
xorcieldebo<strong>da</strong> wina panelze moTavsebuli ga<strong>da</strong>mrTvelebis saSualebiT.<br />
1977 wlisTvis gamovi<strong>da</strong> sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva firmebis ramodenime personaluri<br />
kompiuteri: Tandy, Apple II, Commodore. 1979 wels gamovi<strong>da</strong> Apple II- is<br />
modificirebuli modeli Apple II plus. is warmoadgen<strong>da</strong> ukve sakmaod<br />
<strong>da</strong>xvewil kompiuters, romelTanac specialuri platebis meSveobiT<br />
SeiZlebo<strong>da</strong> sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva mowyobilobebis mierTeba. Apple II plus –Tvis<br />
Seqmnilma `eleqtronuli cxrilebis~ pirvelma programam saxelwodebiT -<br />
VisiCalc ga<strong>da</strong>aqcia kompiuteri seriozul instrumentad mcire firmebis<br />
buRalteriis warmoebisTvis.<br />
1981 wels amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi IBM (International Business<br />
Machines) firmam <strong>da</strong>iwyo personaluri kompiuterebis seriuli gamoSveba<br />
saxelwodebiT IBM PC, romelmac safuZveli Cauyara kompiuterebis<br />
ganviTarebis axal eras.P<br />
6
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