gansazRvravs sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kategoriis <strong>da</strong>culi teritoriis farglebSi <strong>da</strong>saSvebsaqmianobebs.saqarTvelos kanoni `cxovelTa samyaros Sesaxeb~ (1996 w.) aregulirebs samarTlebrivurTierTobebs cxovelTa samyaros obieqtebis <strong>da</strong>cvisa <strong>da</strong> sargeblobis mimarTulebiT.kanoni, uSualod veluri faunis saxeobebis <strong>da</strong>cvis gar<strong>da</strong>, iTvaliswinebs maTihabitatebis, samigracio gzebis, gamravlebis adgilebis <strong>da</strong>cvas, uzrunvelyofsveluri faunis mdgrad gamoyenebas <strong>da</strong> qmnis samarTlebriv safuZvels misi in-situ <strong>da</strong>ex-situ konservaciisTvis.saqarTvelos tyis kodeqsi (1999 w.) aregulirebs saqarTvelos tyis fondisa <strong>da</strong>misi resursebis movlasTan, <strong>da</strong>cvasTan, aRdgenasa <strong>da</strong> gamoyenebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebulsamarTlebriv urTierTobebs. tyis kodeqsis mixedviT gansazRvrulia saxelmwifotyis fondis cneba, romlis qveSac igulisxmeba kanonmdeblobis safuZvelzemisTvis mikuTvnebuli miwebisa <strong>da</strong> misi resursebis (tyeebi) erToblioba. kodeqsiaseve aregulirebs tyis fondze sakuTrebis uflebas. aRsaniSnavia, rom <strong>da</strong>SvebuliakerZo sakuTrebaSi tyis ga<strong>da</strong>cema. kodeqsis miRebis momentSi tyis fondi mTlianadgamocxadebulia saxelmwifo sakuTrebad, xolo gansaxelmwifoebriobis procesiun<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>regulirdes Sesabamisi kanonmdeblobiT, romlis Seqmnis aucileblobasaciTvaliswinebs kodeqsis me-9 muxli. kodeqsis erT-erT umniSvnelovanes amocanaswarmoadgens saqarTvelos tyis fondis <strong>da</strong>cva, xeluxlebeli tyeebis TviTmyofadobisSenarCuneba, mcenareTa reliqturi, endemuri <strong>da</strong> sxva Zvirfasi saxeobebis <strong>da</strong>cva.2003 wlis ivnisSi saqarTvelos parlamentma miiRo kanoni `saqarTvelos `wiTelinusxisa” <strong>da</strong> `wiTeli wignis” Sesaxeb”. kanoniT samarTlebrivad ganisazRvra ga<strong>da</strong>SenebissafrTxis winaSe myofi gareuli cxovelebisa <strong>da</strong> veluri mcenareebis saxeobebissaqarTvelos `wiTeli nusxisa~ aseve, `wiTeli wignis~ (romelsac eniWeba sarekomen<strong>da</strong>cio<strong>da</strong> meToduri xasiaTis mniSvneloba) iuridiuli definiciebi. kanoniT aseveganisazRvra, ~wiTeli nusxis~ struqtura, nusxaSi Sesatani saxeobebis gansazRvris,nusxis proeqtis SemuSavebis, miRebisa <strong>da</strong> ganaxlebis (ga<strong>da</strong>sinjvis) procedurebi.aRniSnuli kanoni aseve aregulirebs ga<strong>da</strong>Senebis safrTxis winaSe myofi saxeobebis`wiTel wignTan~, safrTxis winaSe myofi saxeobebis <strong>da</strong>cvasTan, mopovebasTan, maTiaRdgenisa <strong>da</strong> SenarCunebis RonisZiebaTa <strong>da</strong>gegmvasa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>finansebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebulsakiTxebs.saqarTvelos kanoni “licenziebisa <strong>da</strong> nebarTvebis Sesaxeb” ZalaSi Sevi<strong>da</strong> 2005 wlis 4agvisto<strong>da</strong>n. am kanonis mixedviT, biomravalferovnebasTan uSualod <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuliaramdenime licenzia <strong>da</strong> nebarTva: tyiT sargeblobis generaluri licenzia, xe-tyis<strong>da</strong>mzadebis specialuri licenzia <strong>da</strong> samonadireo meurneobis mowyobis specialurilicenzia, TevzWeris licenzia, soWis girCisa <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>Senebis safrTxis winaSemyofi florisa <strong>da</strong> faunis saxeobebiT saerTaSoriso vaWrobis Sesaxeb konvenciis<strong>da</strong>narTebSi Setanili TeTryvavilas bolqvebiT an/<strong>da</strong> yoCivar<strong>da</strong>s gorglebiTsargeblobis licenzia, nadirobis nebarTva, ga<strong>da</strong>Senebis safrTxis winaSe myofiveluri florisa <strong>da</strong> faunis saxeobebiT saerTaSoriso vaWrobis Sesaxeb konvenciis(CITES) <strong>da</strong>narTebSi Setanili saxeobebis, maTi nawilebisa <strong>da</strong> derivatebis eqsportis,importis, reeqsportisa <strong>da</strong> zRvi<strong>da</strong>n introduqciis nebarTva”.am kanonis moTxovnebi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, masTan SesabamisobaSi un<strong>da</strong> movidnensaqarTvelos sxva normatiuli aqtebi. gar<strong>da</strong>maval periodSi sakiTxebi regulirdebamTavrobis <strong>da</strong>dgenilebebiT.biomravalferovnebis <strong>da</strong>cvis strategia <strong>da</strong> moqmedebaTa gegma – es dokumenti ZalaSiSevi<strong>da</strong> 2005 wlis 19 Tebervlis mTavrobis <strong>da</strong>dgenilebiT.6
konvencia biomravalferovnebis Sesaxeb TiToTeul mxares (qveyanas) avalebs Sesabamisierovnuli dokumentis SemuSavebas, romelmac un<strong>da</strong> gansazRvros saxelmwifoSibiomravalferovnebis <strong>da</strong>cvis politika <strong>da</strong> konkretuli gegma. amgvari dokumentisarseboba qveynis biomravalferovnebis <strong>da</strong>cvisa <strong>da</strong> gonivruli gamoyenebisTviserT-erT aucilebel pirobad aris miCneuli. Sesabamisad, biomravalferovnebis<strong>da</strong>cvis erovnuli strategiisa <strong>da</strong> moqmedebaTa gegmis <strong>da</strong>mtkiceba saqarTvelos mierkonvenciiT gansazRvrul valdebulebaTa ganxorcielebis umniSvnelovanes etapi<strong>da</strong> mdgradi ganviTarebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani winapirobaa. misi ganxorcielebamoiTxovs qveyanaSi arsebuli samecniero potencialis mobilizebas <strong>da</strong> mWidroTanamSromlobas samTavrobo, arasamTavrobo <strong>da</strong> biznesis seqtorebs Soris. warmatebismiRweva SeuZlebeli iqneba sayovelTao sazogadoebrivi mxar<strong>da</strong>Weris gareSe. aseveaucilebeli iqneba aqtiuri TanamSromloba iseT seqtorebTan, rogoricaa: soflismeurneoba, turizmi, energetika, urbanizacia <strong>da</strong> sxv.dokumenti gansazRvravs qveynis (Savi zRvis akvatoriis gar<strong>da</strong>) biomravalferovnebis<strong>da</strong>cvisa <strong>da</strong> gonivruli gamoyenebis strategias momavali 10 wlisaTvis <strong>da</strong> konkretulmoqmedebebs xuTwliani periodisaTvis. igi aris CarCo-dokumenti, romlis mixedviTacsaqarTveloSi un<strong>da</strong> warimarTos koordinirebuli saqmianoba biomravalferovnebiskonservaciis sferoSi.saqarTvelos biomravalferovnebis arsebuli mdgomareobis, problemebisa <strong>da</strong> maszemoqmedi safrTxeebis gaTvaliswinebiT gamoiyo cxra ZiriTadi sakiTxi, romlebicmoicaven biologiuri resursebis <strong>da</strong>cvisa <strong>da</strong> gonivruli gamoyenebis praqtikulad yvelaaspeqts. Tumca, mxedvelobaSi iqna miRebuli isic, rom TiToeuli maTgani mWidrodukavSirdeba erTmaneTs <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisad, arsebobs garkveuli ga<strong>da</strong>farvebi Se<strong>da</strong>rebiTufro kompleqsur konkretul sakiTxebTan mimarTebaSi. zemoxsenebuli ZiriTadisakiTxebia: <strong>da</strong>culi teritoriebi; saxeobebi <strong>da</strong> habitatebi; agrobiomravalferovneba;nadiroba <strong>da</strong> meTevzeoba; biomravalferovnebis monitoringi; biousafrTxoeba;garemos<strong>da</strong>cviTi ganaTleba, sazogadoebrivi cnobiereba <strong>da</strong> sazogadoebis monawileoba;finansur-ekonomikuri programa; mdgradi satyeo meurneoba; sakanonmdebloaspeqtebi.saqarTvelos biomravalferovnebis strategia gaTvlilia aTwlian, xolo moqmedebebi– xuTwlian periodze. nagulisxmebia, rom xuTi wlis Semdeg saWiro iqneba axalisamoqmedo gegmis SemuSaveba konkretuli situaciisa <strong>da</strong> im droisaTvis miRweuliSedegebis gaTvaliswinebiT.saqarTvelos biomravalferovnebis konservaciis strategia efuZneba panevropulibiologiuri <strong>da</strong> landSafturi mravalferovnebis strategiis principebs. gar<strong>da</strong> amisa,am dokumentis SemuSavebisas ganisazRvra <strong>da</strong>matebiTi principebi.dokumentSi Camoyalibebulia samomavlo xedva: 10 wlis Semdeg saqarTvelo iqnebaqveyana mdgradi biologiuri mravalferovnebiT; Seiqmneba iseTi politikuri,socialuri <strong>da</strong> ekonomikuri pirobebi, rom upiratesoba mieniWeba bunebrivi resursebismarTebulad gamoyenebas <strong>da</strong> miRebuli sargeblis samarTlian ganawilebas,gar<strong>da</strong> zemoT CamoTvlilisa, am sferos aregulireben sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva wlebSi gamocemulinormatiuli aqtebi (prezidentis brZanebulebebi, parlamentisa <strong>da</strong> mTavrobis<strong>da</strong>dgenilebebi, ministrisa <strong>da</strong> departamentebis Tavmjdomareebis (<strong>da</strong>culiteritoriebisa <strong>da</strong> satyeo departamentis brZanebebi).7