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Análise da demanda e modelos de preços hedônicos - Banco do ...

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ANÁLISE DA DEMANDA E MODELOS DE PREÇOS HEDÔNICOS NO MERCADO<br />

IMOBILIÁRIO URBANO: O CASO DE FORTALEZA<br />

RESUMO<br />

O presente artigo consiste no estu<strong>do</strong> <strong>do</strong>s <strong>de</strong>terminantes econômicos que contribuem para a<br />

formação <strong>do</strong>s <strong>preços</strong> <strong>do</strong> merca<strong>do</strong> imobiliário <strong>da</strong> ci<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Fortaleza, Esta<strong>do</strong> <strong>do</strong> Ceará, na<br />

ótica <strong>do</strong>s agentes econômicos <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>man<strong>da</strong>, fun<strong>da</strong>menta<strong>do</strong> na teoria <strong>do</strong>s <strong>preços</strong> <strong>hedônicos</strong> ou<br />

<strong>preços</strong> implícitos. O mo<strong>de</strong>lo proposto pelo trabalho investiga <strong>preços</strong> implícitos na curva <strong>de</strong><br />

utili<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> um agente <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>man<strong>da</strong> segmenta<strong>do</strong> em <strong>do</strong>is grupos: consumi<strong>do</strong>r direto <strong>do</strong> bem<br />

habitação e o investi<strong>do</strong>r em imóveis, que incorpora adicionalmente atributos econômicofinanceiros<br />

que me<strong>de</strong>m o grau <strong>de</strong> risco e retorno na formação <strong>do</strong>s <strong>preços</strong> <strong>hedônicos</strong>. O estu<strong>do</strong><br />

estima os <strong>preços</strong> <strong>hedônicos</strong> através <strong>de</strong> uma regressão segmenta<strong>da</strong> por tipo <strong>de</strong> imóvel <strong>do</strong>s<br />

<strong>preços</strong> observa<strong>do</strong>s contra os diversos atributos distribuí<strong>do</strong>s nos vetores <strong>de</strong> características<br />

físicas, locacionais, econômicas e financeiras. A amostra seleciona<strong>da</strong> para estimação <strong>do</strong><br />

mo<strong>de</strong>lo é forma<strong>da</strong> pelas transações imobiliárias <strong>de</strong> lançamentos ocorri<strong>da</strong>s na ci<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong> (perío<strong>do</strong><br />

<strong>de</strong> 1995 a 2003), bem como terrenos urbanos (perío<strong>do</strong> <strong>de</strong> 1995 a 1998), perfazen<strong>do</strong> o<br />

montante <strong>de</strong> 4.467 ocorrências imobiliárias, sen<strong>do</strong> 876 apartamentos resi<strong>de</strong>nciais, 1969 flats,<br />

539 terrenos e 1622 salas comerciais. O trabalho também estima a função <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>man<strong>da</strong><br />

imobiliária e analisa o risco imobiliário <strong>do</strong>s bairros <strong>da</strong> ci<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Fortaleza.<br />

Palavras Chave: Merca<strong>do</strong> Imobiliário, Deman<strong>da</strong>, Preços Hedônicos, Fortaleza<br />

ABSTRACT<br />

The present paper consists of the study of the economic <strong>de</strong>terminants that contribute to the<br />

formation of the prices of the real estate market of the city of Fortaleza (Ceará), on the si<strong>de</strong> of<br />

the economical agents of <strong>de</strong>mand, based in the he<strong>do</strong>nic or implicit prices theory. The mo<strong>de</strong>l<br />

consi<strong>de</strong>red for the work investigates implicit prices in the curve of utility of an agent of<br />

<strong>de</strong>mand segmented in two groups: direct consumer of the good house and the investor in<br />

properties, that it incorporates economical-financial additionally that measure the <strong>de</strong>gree of<br />

risk and return in the formation of the he<strong>do</strong>nic prices. The study esteem the he<strong>do</strong>nic prices<br />

through a regression segmented by type of property of the prices observed against the several<br />

attributes distributed in the vectors of physical, location, economical and financial<br />

characteristics. The sample selected for estimate of the mo<strong>de</strong>l is formed by the real estate<br />

transactions of occured launchings in the city (period from 1995 to 2003), as well as urban<br />

lands (period from 1995 to 1998), totalize the sum of 4.467 real estate occurrences, being 876<br />

resi<strong>de</strong>ntial apartments, 1969 flats, 539 lands and 1622 commercial rooms. The work it esteem<br />

the function of real estate <strong>de</strong>mand for the city of Fortaleza and i<strong>de</strong>ntifies the behavior of real<br />

estate risk of the quarters of the city of Fortaleza.<br />

Key words: Real State Market, Demand, He<strong>do</strong>nic Prices, Fortaleza<br />

1. INTRODUÇÃO<br />

A necessi<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> habitação é inerente a to<strong>do</strong> ser humano, sen<strong>do</strong> caracteriza<strong>da</strong><br />

como básica e está intimamente liga<strong>da</strong> à busca <strong>de</strong> segurança. Segurança contra as<br />

adversi<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong>s <strong>do</strong> meio-ambiente, o que maximiza bem-estar. O papel <strong>do</strong> bem habitação ocupa<br />

espaço relevante no contexto econômico, através <strong>de</strong> merca<strong>do</strong> imobiliário que, por sua vez,<br />

envolve complexa interação entre os agentes <strong>de</strong> oferta e os agentes <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>man<strong>da</strong>.<br />

O consumi<strong>do</strong>r <strong>do</strong> bem habitação po<strong>de</strong> ser segmenta<strong>do</strong> em <strong>do</strong>is gran<strong>de</strong>s grupos:<br />

aqueles que possuem a intenção <strong>de</strong> utilizarem o bem imóvel para satisfação final <strong>de</strong> sua<br />

necessi<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong> básica <strong>de</strong> habitação e aqueles que o adquirem para compor cesta <strong>de</strong> bens <strong>de</strong><br />

investimento, por fatores específicos inerentes aos bens imobiliários.<br />

O preço final <strong>de</strong> equilíbrio para um imóvel entre oferta e <strong>de</strong>man<strong>da</strong> po<strong>de</strong> ser<br />

<strong>de</strong>composto em vetores <strong>de</strong> características intrínsecas <strong>do</strong> imóvel, como ativo real e <strong>do</strong>ta<strong>do</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />

2

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