1999 - Sociedade Brasileira de Psicologia

&M#1
'FàM
FAMfLIA E DESENVOF IMENTO: CONTINUIDADES E
MUDANCASNASRELK OESFAMILIARES
CONTINUITY ANDCHANGEIN FAMILY COMMUMCATION DURING
TRANSITION TO ADOLESCENCE
KurtKreppner.MaxPlanck InstituteforHumanDevelopmentand
Education,Berlim-Memanha.
n e transition from childhood to adolescence in the family
represents a period during which established interaction and
communication routines between children and parents,but also
Letween the parents,may be renegotiated and are likely to undergo
changes.Thechild demandsmore autonomy aspartofhisorhereg0
developmentandtendstodisputeeverydayissueswith theparents.
Continuitiesandchangesinadolescents'judgedrelationshipquality
with the parentswere sttldied overtime and communication behaviors
in discussiûnsbetween adolescentsand parents aswellasbetween
mothersandfatherswereobservedand analyzedduring theeansition
period,when children werebetween elevenanda halfand tifteen
yearsold.Data werecolected in eightwaves.First,generaltrendsof
changes in both assessed relationship quality and communication
behaviorsare reported,second,adetailed analysisof two groupsof
families isgiven,where marked changesoccurred overtime both in
the assessment of relationship quality and in the observed
communication behaviorsin dyadic discussionsin the family.In nne
group, adolescents transfonned their judgments about their
relationship from being ambivalent to being secure during the
transitionperiodvintheothergroup,adolescentsshowed acontinuous
decrease in their assessments about the relationship quality.
Communication behaviorsin the tirstgroup showed more integrative
elements and more exhibition of positive afective signsin the
discussionsbetween the family membersthan thiswasthe casein the
second group.
Resultsare inteqveted asan example forthe divergentmodes
transitions are managed within families' frateworks of
communication rimals and problem solving strategies and
implicationsfordiffcrentdevclopmentalprocessesareconsidered.
Key-wordslfamilycommunication;adolescence;relationship guulfly.
A+A
MARITAL RELATIONSHPSDURWG 'IXE W ANSITION TO PARENTHOOD:
A STUDYOFPARENT-CHI,D MUTUALINFLUENCES
MarcBigras.University of Sherbrooke,Sherbrnoke,Canada.
Overthe pastthirty yearsresearch hasconsistently shown adecline
in marital quality following the birth ofan infant.However,the
processes underlying thisphenomenom remain somewhatobscure.
n e presentstudy addresses severalaspectsofthis question while
introducing amore detailed assessmentofmaritalquality.First,do
coupleswith ayoung child (N=39)reportalowerlevelofmarital
quality than childlesscouples(N-4
5)? Second,arewomen more
affected than men,particularly regarding the sharing ofparenting
rolesand domestictasks? n ird,whatare the specilic caracteristics
thatdistinguish the two types ofcouples? Resultscontirmed the
generalfinding ofa lowerIevelofmaritalquality in coupleswith
children.Both men and women were equally affected by the presence
of achild forvmiousdimensionsofmaritallife including intimacy,
cohesion and marital satisfaction. For women, an egalitarian
distribution ofroleswaspositively associated with theirperception of
maritalquality. Item analysis revealed thatchildless coupleswere
more satisfied with their sexual relation, commitment and
negociation style. In contrast,couples with children reporte,d more
difficulties negociating conflicts including both avoidance and
escalation.
M oreover, from a bidirectional perspective we examine the
possibility thatchildren mightbeaffected by a poorquality ofmarital
relationship. Biological and sociallearning theories suggestthat
young boys will be more reactive to familial and extrafamilial
stressors.n erefore,Itwashypothesized thatadverseconditionssuch
as marital contlict would have a greater impact on mother-son
ResvmosdeComvnicaçöesCientl-ficas
interactionsas cnmpared to mother-daugtherinteractions.Ninetp
seven mother-childpairswereobserved in alaboratorysettinginthe
presenceon anotherunfamiliarmcther-child pair.Resultsindicated
thateconomic,maritaland parentalstressaccounted f0rup toeight
timesmore variance in mother-son interaction ascûmpared to motherdaughter.Mothers
wh0 reported more social isolation, a more
coercive maritalrelationship,and greaterstressin the parentalrole,
weremoredistant,colder,and lessattentive in theirinteractionswith
theirpreschoolsons. n ese results are interpreted in termsofa
bidirectionalmodel in which matem al,child and family ecology
ccntributionsare considered. .
In orderto give complementary informations,we also presenta
longitudinalstudy examined the impactofthe quality ofmalital
relationship on thequalityofgarenting in adolescentmothers.98
pregnant(6months)adolescents,recruited inas?ecialschooland
severalYouthCentrersin Montreal,tiledquestiolmairesabouttheir
personalhistory (atachment,abusive parenting) and cognitive
feadines for parenting (CRP),thatis specific atitudes and
kcowledge about childrearing, 9 mlmths later, mothers were
videotaped in alaboratory session and were asked to tilltheDyadic
AdjustmentScale(DAS,Spanier,1976).Theresultssuggestedthat
male partners seem to play a mediating role on the effective
expression ofadolescentmothcrs'parentalreadiness.
Key-words:parenthoodifamilytransition;maritalrelationships.
A@A
MUDANCASDEVALORESDEUMA GERACAO PARA OUTRA NOBRASL
N lia M.M.Biasoli-élves.UniversidadedeSâoPaulo,RibeirLoPreto
A pesquisa da vida familiarcresceu em importbciadurante as
tiltimasdécadas,buscando,sobretudo,responderquestöesteöricase
prsticas.Taispesquisastêm evidenciado quenassociedadesurbanas
ocidentais,()perfododenominadodeinfânciaestsnum processode
constantealteraçâo.Estetrabalhoobjetivamostraramaneiracomo
evoluem as relaçöes entre adultos e crianças dentro do nlicleo
familiarsaolongodesteséculo,tomandoporbaseum conjuntode
estudosquevêm sendorealizadosnoProjetolntegrado'Taml'liae
Socializaçb :Processos,Modelos e Momentosno Contato entre
Geraçöes''.Dadosde 45 entrevistasscmi-estruturadas,realizadascom
pessoas de idade variando entre 90 e 22 anosforam analisados,
focalizando-se asrotinasdisrias,asrelaçöesadulto-criança,atividades
escolares,brinquedo/brincadeira,valoreséticose prâticasrcligiosas.
Paralelamente,foram consideradostambém osresultadosgeraisde
questitmMosaplicadosa360jovens,alunosda1'.sériedo2@.grau,
entre 15 e 16 anosde idade,pertencentesàscamadasmédias.A
comparaçâo entre geraçöes mostra: 1) um aumento no nfvel
educacionalde homense mulheres,'associado a uma escolarizaçâo
precocedascrianças,atualmente;2)asubstituiçiodaautoridadedos
adultos por uma rclaçâo mais amigJvel entre pais e filhos,
predominando,hoje,aliberdadedeexpresào;3)uma mudança
acentuada nasatividades de brinquedo/brincadeira com diminuiçâo
substancialdo espaço,masaumento na qualidade e sotisticaçâodos
brinquedos,resguardadasasespeciticidadesdecadageraçso;4)a
substituiçâo, mais recente, da puniçâo ffsica, caracterfstica das
primeirasgtraçöes,porformasverbaise expectativasde correfâo do
comportamento infantil;5)a abertura para discussâo de questöes
referentes àsexualidade;6)aTV como uma influência na vida
familiar,que se acentua a partir dos anos cinquenta;7) uma
diminuiçâo na participaçâo,pela fanuelia,em atividadesde cunho
religioso,especialmenteligadasàreligiâocatölica)8)aalteraçâo.da
prlticaparao discurso.de valorestaiscomo seliedade no trabalho,
responsabilidade de uns para com os outros dentro das fnmqias,
caracterizando a acentuaçâo da individualidade na vida da fanu-lia
urbana moderna.Discute-se aperspectiva que se delineia quanto a
valores,préticasdecuidado e educaçâo,formasderelacionamento e
desenvolvimento social e emocional da crimwa nesse tipo de
sociedadeessencialmenteurbana,fundada em padröcsdeconsumo
intenso,aliado a um sistemaeconômico geradorde dificuldadespara
a convivência familiar.
Palavras-chave: rnu/aafw.çfamiliares, relaçses adulto-criança e
relaçöesentre gdm çtsel. <
9