Python Tutorial ( PDFDrive )

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print "List : ", aListLet us compile and run the above program, this will produce the following result:List : [123, 'abc', 'xyz', 'xyz', 'zara']TUTORIALS POINT Simply Easy Learning
CHAPTER11Python TuplesAtuple is a sequence of immutable Python objects. Tuples are sequences, just like lists. The onlydifference is that tuples can't be changed i.e., tuples are immutable and tuples use parentheses and lists usesquare brackets.Creating a tuple is as simple as putting different comma-separated values and optionally you can put thesecomma-separated values between parentheses also. For example:tup1 = ('physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000);tup2 = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 );tup3 = "a", "b", "c", "d";The empty tuple is written as two parentheses containing nothing:tup1 = ();To write a tuple containing a single value you have to include a comma, even though there is only one value:tup1 = (50,);Like string indices, tuple indices start at 0, and tuples can be sliced, concatenated and so on.Accessing Values in Tuples: To access values in tuple, use the square brackets for slicing along with the index or indices to obtain valueavailable at that index. Following is a simple example:#!/usr/bin/pythontup1 = ('physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000);tup2 = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 );print "tup1[0]: ", tup1[0]print "tup2[1:5]: ", tup2[1:5]When the above code is executed, it produces the following result:tup1[0]: physicstup2[1:5]: [2, 3, 4, 5]TUTORIALS POINT Simply Easy Learning
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Python Tutorial
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ABOUT THE TUTORIALPython TutorialPy
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Parameters ........................
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Locating Modules: .................
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Description .......................
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Regular-expression Modifiers - Opti
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Starting a New Thread: ............
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Example: ..........................
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CHAPTER1Python OverviewPython is a
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CHAPTER2Python EnvironmentBefore we
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• To use this installer python-XY
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-c cmd run Python script sent in as
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This will produce the following res
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file_name = raw_input("Enter filena
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$ python -husage: python [option] .
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print 'Input file is "', inputfilep
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Here, an integer object is created
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Python Lists: Lists are the most v
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FunctionDescriptionint(x [,base])Co
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CHAPTER5Python Basic OperatorsWhat
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Line 4 - Value of c is 2Line 5 - Va
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Line 5 - a is greater than bLine 6
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| Binary OR Operator copies a bit i
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else:print "Line 3 - a and b are tr
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if ( id(a) == id(b) ):print "Line 2
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When you execute the above program,
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if statementsif...else statementsne
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Example: #!/usr/bin/pythonvar1 = 10
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else:print "Could not find true exp
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Loop Typewhile loopfor loopDescript
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num = raw_input("Enter a number :")
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Good bye!Iterating by Sequence I
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11 is prime13 is prime17 is prime19
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continue statement The continue st
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CHAPTER8Python NumbersNumber data t
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max(x1, x2,...)min(x1, x2,...)modf(
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Syntax Following is the syntax for
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import math# This will import math
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import mathmath.log10( x )Note: Thi
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modf(x) Description The method modf
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round( x [, n] )Parameters • x --
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Return Value This method returns a
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seed([x]) Description The method se
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asin(x)Note: This function is not a
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print "atan2(-10,10) : ", math.atan
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Note: This function is not accessib
Page 119 and 120: import mathprint "degrees(3) : ", m
Page 121 and 122: CHAPTER9Python StringsStrings are a
Page 123 and 124: + Concatenation - Adds values on ei
Page 125 and 126: TAB ( \t ) and they will show up th
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Page 129 and 130: str = "this is string example....wo
Page 131 and 132: Return Value This method returns a
Page 133 and 134: Description The method expandtabs()
Page 135 and 136: Traceback (most recent call last):F
Page 137 and 138: Let us compile and run the above pr
Page 139 and 140: str = "This is string example....wo
Page 141 and 142: str = "-";seq = ("a", "b", "c"); #
Page 143 and 144: lstrip() Description The method lst
Page 145 and 146: Max character: xmin(str) Descriptio
Page 147 and 148: str = "this is really a string exam
Page 149 and 150: Parameters • chars -- You can sup
Page 151 and 152: Parameters• str -- This is the st
Page 153 and 154: Parameters • NAReturn Value This
Page 155 and 156: Example The following example shows
Page 157 and 158: CHAPTER10Python ListsThe most basic
Page 159 and 160: Python Expression Results Descripti
Page 161 and 162: Syntax Following is the syntax for
Page 163 and 164: list( seq )Parameters • seq -- Th
Page 165 and 166: Return Value If elements are of th
Page 167 and 168: list.insert(index, obj)Parameters
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Page 173 and 174: len((1, 2, 3)) 3 Length(1, 2, 3) +
Page 175 and 176: -11-1len(tuple) Description The met
Page 177 and 178: min value element : 200tuple(seq) D
Page 179 and 180: #!/usr/bin/pythondict = {'Name': 'Z
Page 181 and 182: 34str(dict)Produces a printable str
Page 183 and 184: type(variable) Description The meth
Page 189 and 190: Return Value This method does not
Page 191 and 192: CHAPTER13Python Date & TimeApython
Page 193 and 194: #!/usr/bin/pythonimport time;localt
Page 195 and 196: import timeprint "time.altzone %d "
Page 197 and 198: Parameters • sec -- These are the
Page 199 and 200: Example The following example shows
Page 201 and 202: • %w - day of the week as a decim
Page 203 and 204: time.time( ) Description The metho
Page 205 and 206: 2time.tznameAttribute time.tzname i
Page 207 and 208: CHAPTER14Python FunctionAfunction i
Page 209 and 210: #!/usr/bin/python# Function definit
Page 211 and 212: return;# Now you can call printinfo
Page 213 and 214: Inside the function : 30Outside the
Page 215 and 216: A module is loaded only once, regar
Page 217 and 218: 'sqrt', 'tan', 'tanh']Here, the spe
Page 219 and 220: CHAPTER16Python Files I/OThis chapt
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rb+WWbw+wb+AAba+ab+Opens a file for
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fo.write( "Python is a great langua
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EXAMPLE: Following is the example t
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operations from the operating syste
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# Close opened filefo.close()Let us
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Parameters • NAReturn Value This
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Example The following example shows
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Parameters • offset -- This is th
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Parameters • size -- If this opti
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Description The method writelines()
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53545556575859606162os.symlink(src,
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Return Value This method does not
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• stat.S_IRGRP: Read by group.•
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os.chroot("/tmp/usr")print "Changed
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Parameters • fd -- This is the or
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import os, sys# First go to the "/v
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Description The method fchown() cha
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Description The method fdopen() ret
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{'PC_MAX_INPUT': 2, 'PC_VDISABLE':
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# Open a filefd = os.open( "foo.txt
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print "Current working dir : %s" %
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path = "/var/www/html/foo.txt"fd =
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_vti_txtrobots.txtitemlistingresume
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# Close opened fileos.close( fd )#
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dev_num = os.makedev(major_dnum, mi
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-rw-------. 1 root root 0 Apr 30 02
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os.pathconf(path, name) Descriptio
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Description The method popen() open
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# !/usr/bin/pythonimport ossrc = '/
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# stat informationstatinfo = os.sta
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Description The method tcgetpgrp()
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os.tempnam(dir, prefix)Parameters
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Description The method ttyname() re
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Return Value This method returns t
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KeyErrorNameErrorUnboundLocalErrorE
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......................else:If there
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print "Error: can\'t find file or r
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self.args = argSo once you defined
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'Optional class documentation strin
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For the above class let's try to ac
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print 'Calling child method'c = Chi
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Data Hiding: An object's attribute
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groups()This method returns all mat
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SYNTAX: re.sub(pattern, repl, strin
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\s Matches whitespace. Equivalent t
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Backreferences: This matches a prev
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CHAPTER20Python CGI ProgrammingWhat
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If you click hello.py, then this pr
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Simple URL Example : Get Metho
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</form>The result of this code is t
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text_content = form.getvalue('textc
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Here is an example of how to retrie
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CHAPTER21Python Database AccessThe
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EXAMPLE: Following is the example o
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('Mac', 'Mohan', 20, 'M', 2000)try:
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DELETE Operation: DELETE operation
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ProgrammingErrorSubclass of Databas
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The socket Module: To create a so
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Protocol Common function Port No Py
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Subject: SMTP e-mail testThis is a
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try:smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP('localho
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count = 0while count < 5:time.sleep
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Synchronizing Threads: The threadi
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thread = myThread(threadID, tName,
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<stars>10</stars><description>Talk
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print "Rating:", self.ratingelif se
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Format: DVDRating: PGDescription: T
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Tkinter Widgets Tkinter provides v
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fgfontheighthighlightcolorimagejust
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WidthXscrollincrementXscrollcommand
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pattern when it is over the checkbu
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The Entry widget is used to accept
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E1 = Entry(top, bd =5)E1.pack(side
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Optionanchorbgbitmapbdcursorfontfgh
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selectmodeDetermines how many items
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Syntax: Here is the simple syntax t
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Menu The goal of this widget is to
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filemenu.add_command(label="Exit",
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Example: Try the following example
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WidthWraplengthWidth of the label i
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label appears in the top left corne
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Parameters: • master: This repres
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Parameters: • master: This repres
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mark_gravity(mark [,gravity])Return
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Methods & Descriptiondeiconify()Dis
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disabledbackgrounddisabledforegroun
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bgbdThe color of the slider and arr
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fontheightlabelAnchorhighlightbackg
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Standard attributes:Let's take a l
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• family: The font family name as
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B2.pack()B3.pack()B4.pack()B5.pack(
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• "heart"• "heart"• "man"•
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The grid() Method This geometry m
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CHAPTERPython Further Extensions27A
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This table needs to be terminated w
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Passing Function Parameters: Beca
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return (a + b)You can return two va
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CHAPTER28Python Tools/UtilitiesThe
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The profile Module: The profile m
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