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CHAPTER7Python LoopsThere may be a situation when you need to execute a block of code several number of times. In general,statements are executed sequentially: The first statement in a function is executed first, followed by the second,and so on.Programming languages provide various control structures that allow for more complicated execution paths.A loop statement allows us to execute a statement or group of statements multiple times and following is thegeneral form of a loop statement in most of the programming languages:Python programming language provides following types of loops to handle looping requirements. Click thefollowing links to check their detail.TUTORIALS POINT Simply Easy Learning
Loop Typewhile loopfor loopDescriptionRepeats a statement or group of statements while a given condition is true. It teststhe condition before executing the loop body.Executes a sequence of statements multiple times and abbreviates the code thatmanages the loop variable.nested loopsYou can use one or more loop inside any another while, for or do..while loop.while loop A while loop statement in Python programming language repeatedly executes a target statement as long as agiven condition is true.Syntax: The syntax of a while loop in Python programming language is:while expression:statement(s)Here, statement(s) may be a single statement or a block of statements. The condition may be any expression,and true is any non-zero value. The loop iterates while the condition is true.When the condition becomes false, program control passes to the line immediately following the loop.In Python, all the statements indented by the same number of character spaces after a programming constructare considered to be part of a single block of code. Python uses indentation as its method of grouping statements.Flow Diagram: TUTORIALS POINT Simply Easy Learning
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Python Tutorial
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ABOUT THE TUTORIALPython TutorialPy
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Locating Modules: .................
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Page 41 and 42: CHAPTER1Python OverviewPython is a
Page 43 and 44: CHAPTER2Python EnvironmentBefore we
Page 45 and 46: • To use this installer python-XY
Page 47 and 48: -c cmd run Python script sent in as
Page 49 and 50: This will produce the following res
Page 51 and 52: file_name = raw_input("Enter filena
Page 53 and 54: $ python -husage: python [option] .
Page 55 and 56: print 'Input file is "', inputfilep
Page 57 and 58: Here, an integer object is created
Page 59 and 60: Python Lists: Lists are the most v
Page 61 and 62: FunctionDescriptionint(x [,base])Co
Page 63 and 64: CHAPTER5Python Basic OperatorsWhat
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Page 67 and 68: Line 5 - a is greater than bLine 6
Page 69 and 70: | Binary OR Operator copies a bit i
Page 71 and 72: else:print "Line 3 - a and b are tr
Page 73 and 74: if ( id(a) == id(b) ):print "Line 2
Page 75 and 76: When you execute the above program,
Page 77 and 78: if statementsif...else statementsne
Page 79 and 80: Example: #!/usr/bin/pythonvar1 = 10
Page 81: else:print "Could not find true exp
Page 85 and 86: num = raw_input("Enter a number :")
Page 87 and 88: Good bye!Iterating by Sequence I
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Page 91 and 92: continue statement The continue st
Page 93 and 94: CHAPTER8Python NumbersNumber data t
Page 95 and 96: max(x1, x2,...)min(x1, x2,...)modf(
Page 97 and 98: Syntax Following is the syntax for
Page 99 and 100: import math# This will import math
Page 101 and 102: import mathmath.log10( x )Note: Thi
Page 103 and 104: modf(x) Description The method modf
Page 105 and 106: round( x [, n] )Parameters • x --
Page 107 and 108: Return Value This method returns a
Page 109 and 110: seed([x]) Description The method se
Page 111 and 112: Syntax Following is the syntax for
Page 113 and 114: asin(x)Note: This function is not a
Page 115 and 116: print "atan2(-10,10) : ", math.atan
Page 117 and 118: Note: This function is not accessib
Page 119 and 120: import mathprint "degrees(3) : ", m
Page 121 and 122: CHAPTER9Python StringsStrings are a
Page 123 and 124: + Concatenation - Adds values on ei
Page 125 and 126: TAB ( \t ) and they will show up th
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Page 129 and 130: str = "this is string example....wo
Page 131 and 132: Return Value This method returns a
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Description The method expandtabs()
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Traceback (most recent call last):F
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Let us compile and run the above pr
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str = "This is string example....wo
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str = "-";seq = ("a", "b", "c"); #
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lstrip() Description The method lst
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Max character: xmin(str) Descriptio
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str = "this is really a string exam
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Parameters • chars -- You can sup
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Parameters• str -- This is the st
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Parameters • NAReturn Value This
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Example The following example shows
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CHAPTER10Python ListsThe most basic
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Python Expression Results Descripti
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Syntax Following is the syntax for
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list( seq )Parameters • seq -- Th
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Return Value If elements are of th
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list.insert(index, obj)Parameters
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CHAPTER11Python TuplesAtuple is a s
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len((1, 2, 3)) 3 Length(1, 2, 3) +
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-11-1len(tuple) Description The met
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min value element : 200tuple(seq) D
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#!/usr/bin/pythondict = {'Name': 'Z
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34str(dict)Produces a printable str
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type(variable) Description The meth
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Return Value This method does not
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CHAPTER13Python Date & TimeApython
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#!/usr/bin/pythonimport time;localt
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import timeprint "time.altzone %d "
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Parameters • sec -- These are the
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• %w - day of the week as a decim
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time.time( ) Description The metho
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2time.tznameAttribute time.tzname i
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CHAPTER14Python FunctionAfunction i
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#!/usr/bin/python# Function definit
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return;# Now you can call printinfo
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Inside the function : 30Outside the
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A module is loaded only once, regar
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'sqrt', 'tan', 'tanh']Here, the spe
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CHAPTER16Python Files I/OThis chapt
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rb+WWbw+wb+AAba+ab+Opens a file for
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fo.write( "Python is a great langua
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EXAMPLE: Following is the example t
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operations from the operating syste
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# Close opened filefo.close()Let us
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Parameters • NAReturn Value This
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Parameters • offset -- This is th
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Parameters • size -- If this opti
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Description The method writelines()
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53545556575859606162os.symlink(src,
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• stat.S_IRGRP: Read by group.•
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os.chroot("/tmp/usr")print "Changed
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Parameters • fd -- This is the or
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import os, sys# First go to the "/v
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Description The method fchown() cha
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Description The method fdopen() ret
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{'PC_MAX_INPUT': 2, 'PC_VDISABLE':
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# Open a filefd = os.open( "foo.txt
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print "Current working dir : %s" %
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path = "/var/www/html/foo.txt"fd =
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_vti_txtrobots.txtitemlistingresume
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# Close opened fileos.close( fd )#
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dev_num = os.makedev(major_dnum, mi
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-rw-------. 1 root root 0 Apr 30 02
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os.pathconf(path, name) Descriptio
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Description The method popen() open
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# !/usr/bin/pythonimport ossrc = '/
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# stat informationstatinfo = os.sta
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Description The method tcgetpgrp()
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os.tempnam(dir, prefix)Parameters
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Description The method ttyname() re
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Return Value This method returns t
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KeyErrorNameErrorUnboundLocalErrorE
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......................else:If there
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print "Error: can\'t find file or r
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self.args = argSo once you defined
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'Optional class documentation strin
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For the above class let's try to ac
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print 'Calling child method'c = Chi
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Data Hiding: An object's attribute
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groups()This method returns all mat
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SYNTAX: re.sub(pattern, repl, strin
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\s Matches whitespace. Equivalent t
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Backreferences: This matches a prev
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CHAPTER20Python CGI ProgrammingWhat
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If you click hello.py, then this pr
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Simple URL Example : Get Metho
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</form>The result of this code is t
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text_content = form.getvalue('textc
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Here is an example of how to retrie
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CHAPTER21Python Database AccessThe
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EXAMPLE: Following is the example o
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('Mac', 'Mohan', 20, 'M', 2000)try:
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DELETE Operation: DELETE operation
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ProgrammingErrorSubclass of Databas
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The socket Module: To create a so
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Protocol Common function Port No Py
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Subject: SMTP e-mail testThis is a
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try:smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP('localho
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count = 0while count < 5:time.sleep
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Synchronizing Threads: The threadi
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thread = myThread(threadID, tName,
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<stars>10</stars><description>Talk
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print "Rating:", self.ratingelif se
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Format: DVDRating: PGDescription: T
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Tkinter Widgets Tkinter provides v
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fgfontheighthighlightcolorimagejust
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WidthXscrollincrementXscrollcommand
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pattern when it is over the checkbu
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The Entry widget is used to accept
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E1 = Entry(top, bd =5)E1.pack(side
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Optionanchorbgbitmapbdcursorfontfgh
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selectmodeDetermines how many items
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Syntax: Here is the simple syntax t
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Menu The goal of this widget is to
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filemenu.add_command(label="Exit",
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Example: Try the following example
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WidthWraplengthWidth of the label i
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label appears in the top left corne
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Parameters: • master: This repres
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Parameters: • master: This repres
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mark_gravity(mark [,gravity])Return
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Methods & Descriptiondeiconify()Dis
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disabledbackgrounddisabledforegroun
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bgbdThe color of the slider and arr
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fontheightlabelAnchorhighlightbackg
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Standard attributes:Let's take a l
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• family: The font family name as
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B2.pack()B3.pack()B4.pack()B5.pack(
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• "heart"• "heart"• "man"•
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The grid() Method This geometry m
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CHAPTERPython Further Extensions27A
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This table needs to be terminated w
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Passing Function Parameters: Beca
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return (a + b)You can return two va
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CHAPTER28Python Tools/UtilitiesThe
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The profile Module: The profile m
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