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CHAPTER26Python GUI ProgrammingPython provides various options for developing graphical user interfaces (GUIs). Most important are listedbelow:• Tkinter: Tkinter is the Python interface to the Tk GUI toolkit shipped with Python. We would look this optionin this tutorial.• wxPython: This is an open-source Python interface for wxWindows http://wxpython.org.• JPython: JPython is a Python port for Java which gives Python scripts seamless access to Java classlibraries on the local machine http://www.jython.org.There are many other interfaces available which I'm not listing here. You can find them over the net.Tkinter Programming Tkinter is the standard GUI library for Python. Python when combined with Tkinter provides a fast and easy wayto create GUI applications. Tkinter provides a powerful object-oriented interface to the Tk GUI toolkit.Creating a GUI application using Tkinter is an easy task. All you need to do is perform the following steps:• Import the Tkinter module.• Create the GUI application main window.• Add one or more of the above-mentioned widgets to the GUI application.• Enter the main event loop to take action against each event triggered by the user.Example: #!/usr/bin/pythonimport Tkintertop = Tkinter.Tk()# Code to add widgets will go here...top.mainloop()This would create a following window:TUTORIALS POINT Simply Easy Learning
Tkinter Widgets Tkinter provides various controls, such as buttons, labels and text boxes used in a GUI application. Thesecontrols are commonly called widgets.There are currently 15 types of widgets in Tkinter. We present these widgets as well as a brief description in thefollowing table:OperatorButtonCanvasCheckbuttonEntryFrameLabelListboxMenubuttonMenuMessageRadiobuttonScaleDescriptionThe Button widget is used to display buttons in your application.The Canvas widget is used to draw shapes, such as lines, ovals, polygons and rectangles, inyour application.The Checkbutton widget is used to display a number of options as checkboxes. The user canselect multiple options at a time.The Entry widget is used to display a single-line text field for accepting values from a user.The Frame widget is used as a container widget to organize other widgets.The Label widget is used to provide a single-line caption for other widgets. It can also containimages.The Listbox widget is used to provide a list of options to a user.The Menubutton widget is used to display menus in your application.The Menu widget is used to provide various commands to a user. These commands arecontained inside Menubutton.The Message widget is used to display multiline text fields for accepting values from a user.The Radiobutton widget is used to display a number of options as radio buttons. The user canselect only one option at a time.The Scale widget is used to provide a slider widget.TUTORIALS POINT Simply Easy Learning
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Python Tutorial
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ABOUT THE TUTORIALPython TutorialPy
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Locating Modules: .................
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Regular-expression Modifiers - Opti
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Starting a New Thread: ............
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Example: ..........................
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CHAPTER1Python OverviewPython is a
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CHAPTER2Python EnvironmentBefore we
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• To use this installer python-XY
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-c cmd run Python script sent in as
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This will produce the following res
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file_name = raw_input("Enter filena
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$ python -husage: python [option] .
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print 'Input file is "', inputfilep
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Here, an integer object is created
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Python Lists: Lists are the most v
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FunctionDescriptionint(x [,base])Co
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CHAPTER5Python Basic OperatorsWhat
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Line 4 - Value of c is 2Line 5 - Va
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Line 5 - a is greater than bLine 6
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| Binary OR Operator copies a bit i
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else:print "Line 3 - a and b are tr
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if ( id(a) == id(b) ):print "Line 2
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When you execute the above program,
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if statementsif...else statementsne
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Example: #!/usr/bin/pythonvar1 = 10
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else:print "Could not find true exp
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Loop Typewhile loopfor loopDescript
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num = raw_input("Enter a number :")
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Good bye!Iterating by Sequence I
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11 is prime13 is prime17 is prime19
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continue statement The continue st
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CHAPTER8Python NumbersNumber data t
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max(x1, x2,...)min(x1, x2,...)modf(
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Syntax Following is the syntax for
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import math# This will import math
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import mathmath.log10( x )Note: Thi
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modf(x) Description The method modf
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round( x [, n] )Parameters • x --
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Return Value This method returns a
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seed([x]) Description The method se
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asin(x)Note: This function is not a
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print "atan2(-10,10) : ", math.atan
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Note: This function is not accessib
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import mathprint "degrees(3) : ", m
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CHAPTER9Python StringsStrings are a
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+ Concatenation - Adds values on ei
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TAB ( \t ) and they will show up th
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str = "this is string example....wo
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Return Value This method returns a
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Description The method expandtabs()
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Traceback (most recent call last):F
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Let us compile and run the above pr
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str = "This is string example....wo
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str = "-";seq = ("a", "b", "c"); #
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lstrip() Description The method lst
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Max character: xmin(str) Descriptio
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str = "this is really a string exam
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Parameters • chars -- You can sup
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Parameters• str -- This is the st
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Parameters • NAReturn Value This
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Example The following example shows
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CHAPTER10Python ListsThe most basic
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Python Expression Results Descripti
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list( seq )Parameters • seq -- Th
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Return Value If elements are of th
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list.insert(index, obj)Parameters
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CHAPTER11Python TuplesAtuple is a s
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len((1, 2, 3)) 3 Length(1, 2, 3) +
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-11-1len(tuple) Description The met
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min value element : 200tuple(seq) D
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#!/usr/bin/pythondict = {'Name': 'Z
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34str(dict)Produces a printable str
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type(variable) Description The meth
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Return Value This method does not
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CHAPTER13Python Date & TimeApython
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#!/usr/bin/pythonimport time;localt
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import timeprint "time.altzone %d "
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Parameters • sec -- These are the
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• %w - day of the week as a decim
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time.time( ) Description The metho
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2time.tznameAttribute time.tzname i
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CHAPTER14Python FunctionAfunction i
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#!/usr/bin/python# Function definit
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return;# Now you can call printinfo
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Inside the function : 30Outside the
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A module is loaded only once, regar
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'sqrt', 'tan', 'tanh']Here, the spe
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CHAPTER16Python Files I/OThis chapt
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rb+WWbw+wb+AAba+ab+Opens a file for
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fo.write( "Python is a great langua
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EXAMPLE: Following is the example t
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operations from the operating syste
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# Close opened filefo.close()Let us
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Parameters • NAReturn Value This
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Parameters • offset -- This is th
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Parameters • size -- If this opti
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Description The method writelines()
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53545556575859606162os.symlink(src,
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• stat.S_IRGRP: Read by group.•
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os.chroot("/tmp/usr")print "Changed
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Parameters • fd -- This is the or
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import os, sys# First go to the "/v
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Description The method fchown() cha
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Description The method fdopen() ret
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{'PC_MAX_INPUT': 2, 'PC_VDISABLE':
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# Open a filefd = os.open( "foo.txt
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print "Current working dir : %s" %
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path = "/var/www/html/foo.txt"fd =
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_vti_txtrobots.txtitemlistingresume
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# Close opened fileos.close( fd )#
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dev_num = os.makedev(major_dnum, mi
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-rw-------. 1 root root 0 Apr 30 02
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os.pathconf(path, name) Descriptio
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Description The method popen() open
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# !/usr/bin/pythonimport ossrc = '/
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# stat informationstatinfo = os.sta
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Description The method tcgetpgrp()
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os.tempnam(dir, prefix)Parameters
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Description The method ttyname() re
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Return Value This method returns t
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KeyErrorNameErrorUnboundLocalErrorE
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......................else:If there
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print "Error: can\'t find file or r
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self.args = argSo once you defined
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'Optional class documentation strin
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For the above class let's try to ac
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print 'Calling child method'c = Chi
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Page 345 and 346: DELETE Operation: DELETE operation
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Page 353 and 354: Subject: SMTP e-mail testThis is a
Page 355 and 356: try:smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP('localho
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Page 361 and 362: thread = myThread(threadID, tName,
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Page 365 and 366: print "Rating:", self.ratingelif se
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Page 387 and 388: Menu The goal of this widget is to
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Page 391 and 392: Example: Try the following example
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Page 407 and 408: bgbdThe color of the slider and arr
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Page 413 and 414: • family: The font family name as
Page 415 and 416: B2.pack()B3.pack()B4.pack()B5.pack(
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The grid() Method This geometry m
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CHAPTERPython Further Extensions27A
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This table needs to be terminated w
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Passing Function Parameters: Beca
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return (a + b)You can return two va
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CHAPTER28Python Tools/UtilitiesThe
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The profile Module: The profile m
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