Python Tutorial ( PDFDrive )

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Description ............................................................................................. 200 Syntax .................................................................................................... 200 Parameters ............................................................................................. 200 Directive ................................................................................................. 200 Return Value .......................................................................................... 201 Example ................................................................................................. 201 Description ............................................................................................. 202 Syntax .................................................................................................... 202 Parameters ............................................................................................. 202 Return Value .......................................................................................... 202 Example ................................................................................................. 202 Description ............................................................................................. 202 Syntax .................................................................................................... 203 Parameters ............................................................................................. 203 Return Value .......................................................................................... 203 Example ................................................................................................. 203 The calendar Module ............................................................................. 204 Other Modules & Functions: ................................................................... 205 Python Function ..................................................................... 206 Defining a Function ................................................................................ 206 Syntax: ................................................................................................... 206 Example: ................................................................................................ 206 Calling a Function .................................................................................. 207 Pass by reference vs value .................................................................... 207 Function Arguments: .............................................................................. 208 Required arguments: .............................................................................. 208 Keyword arguments: .............................................................................. 209 Default arguments: ................................................................................. 209 Variable-length arguments: .................................................................... 210 The Anonymous Functions: ................................................................... 210 Syntax: ................................................................................................... 211 The return Statement: ............................................................................ 211 Scope of Variables: ................................................................................ 212 Global vs. Local variables: ..................................................................... 212 Python Modules ..................................................................... 213 Example: ................................................................................................ 213 The import Statement: ............................................................................ 213 The from...import Statement .................................................................. 214 The from...import * Statement: ............................................................... 214 TUTORIALS POINT Simply Easy Learning
Locating Modules: .................................................................................. 214 The PYTHONPATH Variable: ................................................................ 214 Namespaces and Scoping: .................................................................... 215 The dir( ) Function: ................................................................................. 215 The globals() and locals() Functions: ..................................................... 216 The reload() Function: ............................................................................ 216 Packages in Python: .............................................................................. 216 Python Files I/O ..................................................................... 218 Printing to the Screen: ............................................................................ 218 Reading Keyboard Input: ....................................................................... 218 The raw_input Function: ......................................................................... 218 The input Function: ................................................................................ 219 Opening and Closing Files: .................................................................... 219 The open Function: ................................................................................ 219 SYNTAX: .............................................................................................. 219 The file object attributes: ........................................................................ 220 EXAMPLE: ............................................................................................. 220 The close() Method: ............................................................................... 221 SYNTAX: ................................................................................................ 221 EXAMPLE: ............................................................................................. 221 Reading and Writing Files: ..................................................................... 221 The write() Method: ................................................................................ 221 SYNTAX: ................................................................................................ 221 EXAMPLE: ............................................................................................. 221 The read() Method: ................................................................................ 222 SYNTAX: ................................................................................................ 222 EXAMPLE: ............................................................................................. 222 File Positions: ......................................................................................... 222 EXAMPLE: ............................................................................................. 222 Renaming and Deleting Files: ................................................................ 223 The rename() Method: ........................................................................... 223 SYNTAX: ................................................................................................ 223 EXAMPLE: ............................................................................................. 223 The remove() Method: ............................................................................ 223 SYNTAX: ................................................................................................ 223 EXAMPLE: ............................................................................................. 224 Directories in Python: ............................................................................. 224 The mkdir() Method: ............................................................................... 224 TUTORIALS POINT Simply Easy Learning SYNTAX: .............................................................................................. 224
Page 1 and 2: Python Tutorial
Page 3 and 4: ABOUT THE TUTORIALPython TutorialPy
Page 5 and 6: Example: ..........................
Page 7 and 8: Return Value ......................
Page 9 and 10: Description .......................
Page 11 and 12: Syntax ............................
Page 13 and 14: Example ...........................
Page 15 and 16: Parameters ........................
Page 21: Parameters ........................
Page 27 and 28: Description .......................
Page 31 and 32: Example ...........................
Page 35 and 36: Regular-expression Modifiers - Opti
Page 37 and 38: Starting a New Thread: ............
Page 39 and 40: Example: ..........................
Page 41 and 42: CHAPTER1Python OverviewPython is a
Page 43 and 44: CHAPTER2Python EnvironmentBefore we
Page 45 and 46: • To use this installer python-XY
Page 47 and 48: -c cmd run Python script sent in as
Page 49 and 50: This will produce the following res
Page 51 and 52: file_name = raw_input("Enter filena
Page 53 and 54: $ python -husage: python [option] .
Page 55 and 56: print 'Input file is "', inputfilep
Page 57 and 58: Here, an integer object is created
Page 59 and 60: Python Lists: Lists are the most v
Page 61 and 62: FunctionDescriptionint(x [,base])Co
Page 63 and 64: CHAPTER5Python Basic OperatorsWhat
Page 65 and 66: Line 4 - Value of c is 2Line 5 - Va
Page 67 and 68: Line 5 - a is greater than bLine 6
Page 69 and 70: | Binary OR Operator copies a bit i
Page 71 and 72: else:print "Line 3 - a and b are tr
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if ( id(a) == id(b) ):print "Line 2
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When you execute the above program,
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if statementsif...else statementsne
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Example: #!/usr/bin/pythonvar1 = 10
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else:print "Could not find true exp
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Loop Typewhile loopfor loopDescript
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num = raw_input("Enter a number :")
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Good bye!Iterating by Sequence I
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11 is prime13 is prime17 is prime19
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continue statement The continue st
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CHAPTER8Python NumbersNumber data t
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max(x1, x2,...)min(x1, x2,...)modf(
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Syntax Following is the syntax for
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import math# This will import math
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import mathmath.log10( x )Note: Thi
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modf(x) Description The method modf
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round( x [, n] )Parameters • x --
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Return Value This method returns a
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seed([x]) Description The method se
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asin(x)Note: This function is not a
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print "atan2(-10,10) : ", math.atan
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Note: This function is not accessib
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import mathprint "degrees(3) : ", m
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CHAPTER9Python StringsStrings are a
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+ Concatenation - Adds values on ei
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TAB ( \t ) and they will show up th
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str = "this is string example....wo
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Return Value This method returns a
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Description The method expandtabs()
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Traceback (most recent call last):F
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Let us compile and run the above pr
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str = "This is string example....wo
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str = "-";seq = ("a", "b", "c"); #
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lstrip() Description The method lst
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Max character: xmin(str) Descriptio
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str = "this is really a string exam
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Parameters • chars -- You can sup
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Parameters• str -- This is the st
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Parameters • NAReturn Value This
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Example The following example shows
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CHAPTER10Python ListsThe most basic
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Python Expression Results Descripti
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list( seq )Parameters • seq -- Th
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Return Value If elements are of th
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list.insert(index, obj)Parameters
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CHAPTER11Python TuplesAtuple is a s
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len((1, 2, 3)) 3 Length(1, 2, 3) +
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-11-1len(tuple) Description The met
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min value element : 200tuple(seq) D
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#!/usr/bin/pythondict = {'Name': 'Z
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34str(dict)Produces a printable str
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type(variable) Description The meth
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Return Value This method does not
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CHAPTER13Python Date & TimeApython
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#!/usr/bin/pythonimport time;localt
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import timeprint "time.altzone %d "
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Parameters • sec -- These are the
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• %w - day of the week as a decim
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time.time( ) Description The metho
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2time.tznameAttribute time.tzname i
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CHAPTER14Python FunctionAfunction i
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#!/usr/bin/python# Function definit
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return;# Now you can call printinfo
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Inside the function : 30Outside the
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A module is loaded only once, regar
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'sqrt', 'tan', 'tanh']Here, the spe
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CHAPTER16Python Files I/OThis chapt
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rb+WWbw+wb+AAba+ab+Opens a file for
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fo.write( "Python is a great langua
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EXAMPLE: Following is the example t
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operations from the operating syste
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# Close opened filefo.close()Let us
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Parameters • NAReturn Value This
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Parameters • offset -- This is th
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Parameters • size -- If this opti
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Description The method writelines()
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53545556575859606162os.symlink(src,
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• stat.S_IRGRP: Read by group.•
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os.chroot("/tmp/usr")print "Changed
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Parameters • fd -- This is the or
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import os, sys# First go to the "/v
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Description The method fchown() cha
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Description The method fdopen() ret
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{'PC_MAX_INPUT': 2, 'PC_VDISABLE':
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# Open a filefd = os.open( "foo.txt
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print "Current working dir : %s" %
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path = "/var/www/html/foo.txt"fd =
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_vti_txtrobots.txtitemlistingresume
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# Close opened fileos.close( fd )#
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dev_num = os.makedev(major_dnum, mi
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-rw-------. 1 root root 0 Apr 30 02
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os.pathconf(path, name) Descriptio
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Description The method popen() open
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# !/usr/bin/pythonimport ossrc = '/
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# stat informationstatinfo = os.sta
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Description The method tcgetpgrp()
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os.tempnam(dir, prefix)Parameters
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Description The method ttyname() re
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Return Value This method returns t
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KeyErrorNameErrorUnboundLocalErrorE
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......................else:If there
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print "Error: can\'t find file or r
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self.args = argSo once you defined
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'Optional class documentation strin
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For the above class let's try to ac
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print 'Calling child method'c = Chi
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Data Hiding: An object's attribute
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groups()This method returns all mat
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SYNTAX: re.sub(pattern, repl, strin
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\s Matches whitespace. Equivalent t
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Backreferences: This matches a prev
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CHAPTER20Python CGI ProgrammingWhat
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If you click hello.py, then this pr
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Simple URL Example : Get Metho
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</form>The result of this code is t
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text_content = form.getvalue('textc
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Here is an example of how to retrie
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CHAPTER21Python Database AccessThe
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EXAMPLE: Following is the example o
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('Mac', 'Mohan', 20, 'M', 2000)try:
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DELETE Operation: DELETE operation
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ProgrammingErrorSubclass of Databas
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The socket Module: To create a so
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Protocol Common function Port No Py
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Subject: SMTP e-mail testThis is a
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try:smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP('localho
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count = 0while count < 5:time.sleep
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Synchronizing Threads: The threadi
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thread = myThread(threadID, tName,
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<stars>10</stars><description>Talk
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print "Rating:", self.ratingelif se
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Format: DVDRating: PGDescription: T
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Tkinter Widgets Tkinter provides v
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fgfontheighthighlightcolorimagejust
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WidthXscrollincrementXscrollcommand
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pattern when it is over the checkbu
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The Entry widget is used to accept
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E1 = Entry(top, bd =5)E1.pack(side
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Optionanchorbgbitmapbdcursorfontfgh
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selectmodeDetermines how many items
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Syntax: Here is the simple syntax t
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Menu The goal of this widget is to
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filemenu.add_command(label="Exit",
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Example: Try the following example
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WidthWraplengthWidth of the label i
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label appears in the top left corne
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Parameters: • master: This repres
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Parameters: • master: This repres
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mark_gravity(mark [,gravity])Return
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Methods & Descriptiondeiconify()Dis
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disabledbackgrounddisabledforegroun
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bgbdThe color of the slider and arr
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fontheightlabelAnchorhighlightbackg
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Standard attributes:Let's take a l
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• family: The font family name as
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B2.pack()B3.pack()B4.pack()B5.pack(
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• "heart"• "heart"• "man"•
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The grid() Method This geometry m
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CHAPTERPython Further Extensions27A
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This table needs to be terminated w
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Passing Function Parameters: Beca
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return (a + b)You can return two va
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CHAPTER28Python Tools/UtilitiesThe
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The profile Module: The profile m
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