Python Tutorial ( PDFDrive )

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titleMethods: These methods are available on Menu objects:Normally, the title of a tear-off menu window will be the same as the text of themenubutton or cascade that lead to this menu. If you want to change the title of thatwindow, set the title option to that string.Optionadd_command (options)add_radiobutton( options )add_checkbutton( options )add_cascade(options)add_separator()add( type, options )delete( startindex [, endindex ])entryconfig( index, options )index(item)insert_separator ( index )invoke ( index )DescriptionAdds a menu item to the menu.Creates a radio button menu item.Creates a check button menu item.Creates a new hierarchical menu by associating a given menu to a parent menuAdds a separator line to the menu.Adds a specific type of menu item to the menu.Deletes the menu items ranging from startindex to endindex.Allows you to modify a menu item, which is identified by the index, and change itsoptions.Returns the index number of the given menu item label.Insert a new separator at the position specified by index.Calls the command callback associated with the choice at position index. If acheckbutton, its state is toggled between set and cleared; if a radiobutton, thatchoice is set.type ( index )Example: Try the following example yourself:Returns the type of the choice specified by index: either "cascade","checkbutton", "command", "radiobutton", "separator", or "tearoff".from Tkinter import *def donothing():filewin = Toplevel(root)button = Button(filewin, text="Do nothing button")button.pack()root = Tk()menubar = Menu(root)filemenu = Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)filemenu.add_command(label="New", command=donothing)filemenu.add_command(label="Open", command=donothing)filemenu.add_command(label="Save", command=donothing)filemenu.add_command(label="Save as...", command=donothing)filemenu.add_command(label="Close", command=donothing)filemenu.add_separator()TUTORIALS POINT Simply Easy Learning
filemenu.add_command(label="Exit", command=root.quit)menubar.add_cascade(label="File", menu=filemenu)editmenu = Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)editmenu.add_command(label="Undo", command=donothing)editmenu.add_separator()editmenu.add_command(label="Cut", command=donothing)editmenu.add_command(label="Copy", command=donothing)editmenu.add_command(label="Paste", command=donothing)editmenu.add_command(label="Delete", command=donothing)editmenu.add_command(label="Select All", command=donothing)menubar.add_cascade(label="Edit", menu=editmenu)helpmenu = Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)helpmenu.add_command(label="Help Index", command=donothing)helpmenu.add_command(label="About...", command=donothing)menubar.add_cascade(label="Help", menu=helpmenu)root.config(menu=menubar)root.mainloop()When the above code is executed, it produces the following result:Message This widget provides a multiline and noneditable object that displays texts, automatically breaking lines andjustifying their contents.Its functionality is very similar to the one provided by the Label widget, except that it can also automatically wrapthe text, maintaining a given width or aspect ratio.Syntax: Here is the simple syntax to create this widget:w = Message ( master, option, ... )TUTORIALS POINT Simply Easy Learning
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Python Tutorial
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ABOUT THE TUTORIALPython TutorialPy
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Example: ..........................
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Return Value ......................
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Description .......................
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Syntax ............................
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Example ...........................
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Parameters ........................
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Return Value ......................
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Parameters ........................
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Parameters ........................
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Locating Modules: .................
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Parameters ........................
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Description .......................
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Return Value ......................
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Example ...........................
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Parameters ........................
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Regular-expression Modifiers - Opti
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Starting a New Thread: ............
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Example: ..........................
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CHAPTER1Python OverviewPython is a
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CHAPTER2Python EnvironmentBefore we
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• To use this installer python-XY
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-c cmd run Python script sent in as
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This will produce the following res
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file_name = raw_input("Enter filena
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$ python -husage: python [option] .
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print 'Input file is "', inputfilep
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Here, an integer object is created
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Python Lists: Lists are the most v
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FunctionDescriptionint(x [,base])Co
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CHAPTER5Python Basic OperatorsWhat
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Line 4 - Value of c is 2Line 5 - Va
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Line 5 - a is greater than bLine 6
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| Binary OR Operator copies a bit i
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else:print "Line 3 - a and b are tr
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if ( id(a) == id(b) ):print "Line 2
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When you execute the above program,
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if statementsif...else statementsne
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Example: #!/usr/bin/pythonvar1 = 10
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else:print "Could not find true exp
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Loop Typewhile loopfor loopDescript
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num = raw_input("Enter a number :")
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Good bye!Iterating by Sequence I
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11 is prime13 is prime17 is prime19
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continue statement The continue st
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CHAPTER8Python NumbersNumber data t
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max(x1, x2,...)min(x1, x2,...)modf(
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Syntax Following is the syntax for
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import math# This will import math
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import mathmath.log10( x )Note: Thi
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modf(x) Description The method modf
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round( x [, n] )Parameters • x --
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Return Value This method returns a
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seed([x]) Description The method se
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asin(x)Note: This function is not a
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print "atan2(-10,10) : ", math.atan
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Note: This function is not accessib
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import mathprint "degrees(3) : ", m
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CHAPTER9Python StringsStrings are a
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+ Concatenation - Adds values on ei
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TAB ( \t ) and they will show up th
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str = "this is string example....wo
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Return Value This method returns a
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Description The method expandtabs()
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Traceback (most recent call last):F
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Let us compile and run the above pr
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str = "This is string example....wo
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str = "-";seq = ("a", "b", "c"); #
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lstrip() Description The method lst
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Max character: xmin(str) Descriptio
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str = "this is really a string exam
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Parameters • chars -- You can sup
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Parameters• str -- This is the st
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Parameters • NAReturn Value This
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Example The following example shows
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CHAPTER10Python ListsThe most basic
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Python Expression Results Descripti
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list( seq )Parameters • seq -- Th
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Return Value If elements are of th
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list.insert(index, obj)Parameters
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CHAPTER11Python TuplesAtuple is a s
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len((1, 2, 3)) 3 Length(1, 2, 3) +
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-11-1len(tuple) Description The met
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min value element : 200tuple(seq) D
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#!/usr/bin/pythondict = {'Name': 'Z
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34str(dict)Produces a printable str
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type(variable) Description The meth
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Return Value This method does not
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CHAPTER13Python Date & TimeApython
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#!/usr/bin/pythonimport time;localt
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import timeprint "time.altzone %d "
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Parameters • sec -- These are the
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• %w - day of the week as a decim
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time.time( ) Description The metho
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2time.tznameAttribute time.tzname i
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CHAPTER14Python FunctionAfunction i
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#!/usr/bin/python# Function definit
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return;# Now you can call printinfo
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Inside the function : 30Outside the
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A module is loaded only once, regar
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'sqrt', 'tan', 'tanh']Here, the spe
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CHAPTER16Python Files I/OThis chapt
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rb+WWbw+wb+AAba+ab+Opens a file for
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fo.write( "Python is a great langua
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EXAMPLE: Following is the example t
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operations from the operating syste
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# Close opened filefo.close()Let us
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Parameters • NAReturn Value This
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Parameters • offset -- This is th
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Parameters • size -- If this opti
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Description The method writelines()
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53545556575859606162os.symlink(src,
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• stat.S_IRGRP: Read by group.•
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os.chroot("/tmp/usr")print "Changed
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Parameters • fd -- This is the or
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import os, sys# First go to the "/v
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Description The method fchown() cha
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Description The method fdopen() ret
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{'PC_MAX_INPUT': 2, 'PC_VDISABLE':
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# Open a filefd = os.open( "foo.txt
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print "Current working dir : %s" %
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path = "/var/www/html/foo.txt"fd =
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_vti_txtrobots.txtitemlistingresume
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# Close opened fileos.close( fd )#
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dev_num = os.makedev(major_dnum, mi
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-rw-------. 1 root root 0 Apr 30 02
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os.pathconf(path, name) Descriptio
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Description The method popen() open
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# !/usr/bin/pythonimport ossrc = '/
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# stat informationstatinfo = os.sta
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Description The method tcgetpgrp()
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os.tempnam(dir, prefix)Parameters
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Description The method ttyname() re
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Return Value This method returns t
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KeyErrorNameErrorUnboundLocalErrorE
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......................else:If there
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print "Error: can\'t find file or r
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self.args = argSo once you defined
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'Optional class documentation strin
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For the above class let's try to ac
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print 'Calling child method'c = Chi
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Data Hiding: An object's attribute
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groups()This method returns all mat
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SYNTAX: re.sub(pattern, repl, strin
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\s Matches whitespace. Equivalent t
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Backreferences: This matches a prev
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CHAPTER20Python CGI ProgrammingWhat
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If you click hello.py, then this pr
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Simple URL Example : Get Metho
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</form>The result of this code is t
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text_content = form.getvalue('textc
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Page 345 and 346: DELETE Operation: DELETE operation
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Page 355 and 356: try:smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP('localho
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Page 359 and 360: Synchronizing Threads: The threadi
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Page 365 and 366: print "Rating:", self.ratingelif se
Page 367 and 368: Format: DVDRating: PGDescription: T
Page 369 and 370: Tkinter Widgets Tkinter provides v
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Page 379 and 380: E1 = Entry(top, bd =5)E1.pack(side
Page 381 and 382: Optionanchorbgbitmapbdcursorfontfgh
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Page 387: Menu The goal of this widget is to
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Page 407 and 408: bgbdThe color of the slider and arr
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Page 411 and 412: Standard attributes:Let's take a l
Page 413 and 414: • family: The font family name as
Page 415 and 416: B2.pack()B3.pack()B4.pack()B5.pack(
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Page 425 and 426: Passing Function Parameters: Beca
Page 427 and 428: return (a + b)You can return two va
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Page 431: The profile Module: The profile m
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