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PYTHON TUTORIALSimply Easy Learning by tutorialspoint.comtutorialspoint.comi
ABOUT THE TUTORIALPython TutorialPython is a general-purpose, interpreted, interactive, object-oriented and high-levelprogramming language. Python was created by Guido van Rossum in the late eighties andearly nineties. Like Perl, Python source code is also now available under the GNU GeneralPublic License (GPL).AudienceThis tutorial has been designed for software programmers with a need to understand thePython programming language starting from scratch. This tutorial will give you enoughunderstanding on Python programming language from where you can take yourself to ahigher level of expertise.PrerequisitesBefore proceeding with this tutorial you should have a basic understanding of ComputerProgramming terminologies. A basic understanding of any of the programming languageswill help you in understanding the Python programming concepts and move fast on thelearning track.Copyright & Disclaimer Notice©All the content and graphics on this tutorial are the property of tutorialspoint.com. Any content fromtutorialspoint.com or this tutorial may not be redistributed or reproduced in any way, shape, or formwithout the written permission of tutorialspoint.com. Failure to do so is a violation of copyright laws.This tutorial may contain inaccuracies or errors and tutorialspoint provides no guarantee regarding theaccuracy of the site or its contents including this tutorial. If you discover that the tutorialspoint.com siteor this tutorial content contains some errors, please contact us at webmaster@tutorialspoint.comTUTORIALS POINT Simply Easy Learning
Page 1: Python Tutorial
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Page 41 and 42: CHAPTER1Python OverviewPython is a
Page 43 and 44: CHAPTER2Python EnvironmentBefore we
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Page 49 and 50: This will produce the following res
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$ python -husage: python [option] .
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print 'Input file is "', inputfilep
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Here, an integer object is created
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Python Lists: Lists are the most v
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FunctionDescriptionint(x [,base])Co
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CHAPTER5Python Basic OperatorsWhat
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Line 4 - Value of c is 2Line 5 - Va
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Line 5 - a is greater than bLine 6
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| Binary OR Operator copies a bit i
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else:print "Line 3 - a and b are tr
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if ( id(a) == id(b) ):print "Line 2
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When you execute the above program,
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if statementsif...else statementsne
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Example: #!/usr/bin/pythonvar1 = 10
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else:print "Could not find true exp
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Loop Typewhile loopfor loopDescript
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num = raw_input("Enter a number :")
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Good bye!Iterating by Sequence I
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11 is prime13 is prime17 is prime19
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continue statement The continue st
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CHAPTER8Python NumbersNumber data t
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max(x1, x2,...)min(x1, x2,...)modf(
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Syntax Following is the syntax for
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import math# This will import math
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import mathmath.log10( x )Note: Thi
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modf(x) Description The method modf
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round( x [, n] )Parameters • x --
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Return Value This method returns a
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seed([x]) Description The method se
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asin(x)Note: This function is not a
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print "atan2(-10,10) : ", math.atan
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Note: This function is not accessib
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import mathprint "degrees(3) : ", m
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CHAPTER9Python StringsStrings are a
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+ Concatenation - Adds values on ei
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TAB ( \t ) and they will show up th
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str = "this is string example....wo
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Return Value This method returns a
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Description The method expandtabs()
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Traceback (most recent call last):F
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Let us compile and run the above pr
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str = "This is string example....wo
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str = "-";seq = ("a", "b", "c"); #
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lstrip() Description The method lst
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Max character: xmin(str) Descriptio
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str = "this is really a string exam
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Parameters • chars -- You can sup
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Parameters• str -- This is the st
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Parameters • NAReturn Value This
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Example The following example shows
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CHAPTER10Python ListsThe most basic
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Python Expression Results Descripti
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list( seq )Parameters • seq -- Th
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Return Value If elements are of th
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list.insert(index, obj)Parameters
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CHAPTER11Python TuplesAtuple is a s
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len((1, 2, 3)) 3 Length(1, 2, 3) +
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-11-1len(tuple) Description The met
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min value element : 200tuple(seq) D
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#!/usr/bin/pythondict = {'Name': 'Z
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34str(dict)Produces a printable str
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type(variable) Description The meth
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Return Value This method does not
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CHAPTER13Python Date & TimeApython
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#!/usr/bin/pythonimport time;localt
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import timeprint "time.altzone %d "
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Parameters • sec -- These are the
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• %w - day of the week as a decim
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time.time( ) Description The metho
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2time.tznameAttribute time.tzname i
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CHAPTER14Python FunctionAfunction i
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#!/usr/bin/python# Function definit
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return;# Now you can call printinfo
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Inside the function : 30Outside the
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A module is loaded only once, regar
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'sqrt', 'tan', 'tanh']Here, the spe
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CHAPTER16Python Files I/OThis chapt
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rb+WWbw+wb+AAba+ab+Opens a file for
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fo.write( "Python is a great langua
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EXAMPLE: Following is the example t
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operations from the operating syste
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# Close opened filefo.close()Let us
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Parameters • NAReturn Value This
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Parameters • offset -- This is th
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Parameters • size -- If this opti
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Description The method writelines()
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53545556575859606162os.symlink(src,
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• stat.S_IRGRP: Read by group.•
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os.chroot("/tmp/usr")print "Changed
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Parameters • fd -- This is the or
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import os, sys# First go to the "/v
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Description The method fchown() cha
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Description The method fdopen() ret
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{'PC_MAX_INPUT': 2, 'PC_VDISABLE':
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# Open a filefd = os.open( "foo.txt
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print "Current working dir : %s" %
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path = "/var/www/html/foo.txt"fd =
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_vti_txtrobots.txtitemlistingresume
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# Close opened fileos.close( fd )#
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dev_num = os.makedev(major_dnum, mi
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-rw-------. 1 root root 0 Apr 30 02
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os.pathconf(path, name) Descriptio
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Description The method popen() open
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# !/usr/bin/pythonimport ossrc = '/
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# stat informationstatinfo = os.sta
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Description The method tcgetpgrp()
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os.tempnam(dir, prefix)Parameters
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Description The method ttyname() re
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Return Value This method returns t
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KeyErrorNameErrorUnboundLocalErrorE
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......................else:If there
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print "Error: can\'t find file or r
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self.args = argSo once you defined
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'Optional class documentation strin
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For the above class let's try to ac
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print 'Calling child method'c = Chi
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Data Hiding: An object's attribute
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groups()This method returns all mat
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SYNTAX: re.sub(pattern, repl, strin
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\s Matches whitespace. Equivalent t
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Backreferences: This matches a prev
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CHAPTER20Python CGI ProgrammingWhat
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If you click hello.py, then this pr
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Simple URL Example : Get Metho
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</form>The result of this code is t
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text_content = form.getvalue('textc
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Here is an example of how to retrie
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CHAPTER21Python Database AccessThe
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EXAMPLE: Following is the example o
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('Mac', 'Mohan', 20, 'M', 2000)try:
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DELETE Operation: DELETE operation
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ProgrammingErrorSubclass of Databas
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The socket Module: To create a so
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Protocol Common function Port No Py
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Subject: SMTP e-mail testThis is a
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try:smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP('localho
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count = 0while count < 5:time.sleep
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Synchronizing Threads: The threadi
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thread = myThread(threadID, tName,
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<stars>10</stars><description>Talk
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print "Rating:", self.ratingelif se
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Format: DVDRating: PGDescription: T
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Tkinter Widgets Tkinter provides v
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fgfontheighthighlightcolorimagejust
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WidthXscrollincrementXscrollcommand
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pattern when it is over the checkbu
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The Entry widget is used to accept
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E1 = Entry(top, bd =5)E1.pack(side
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Optionanchorbgbitmapbdcursorfontfgh
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selectmodeDetermines how many items
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Syntax: Here is the simple syntax t
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Menu The goal of this widget is to
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filemenu.add_command(label="Exit",
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Example: Try the following example
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WidthWraplengthWidth of the label i
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label appears in the top left corne
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Parameters: • master: This repres
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Parameters: • master: This repres
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mark_gravity(mark [,gravity])Return
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Methods & Descriptiondeiconify()Dis
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disabledbackgrounddisabledforegroun
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bgbdThe color of the slider and arr
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fontheightlabelAnchorhighlightbackg
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Standard attributes:Let's take a l
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• family: The font family name as
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B2.pack()B3.pack()B4.pack()B5.pack(
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• "heart"• "heart"• "man"•
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The grid() Method This geometry m
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CHAPTERPython Further Extensions27A
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This table needs to be terminated w
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Passing Function Parameters: Beca
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return (a + b)You can return two va
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CHAPTER28Python Tools/UtilitiesThe
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The profile Module: The profile m
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