Python Tutorial ( PDFDrive )

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The except clause with no exceptions: .................................................. 305 The except clause with multiple exceptions: .......................................... 305 The try-finally clause: ............................................................................. 305 EXAMPLE: ........................................................................................... 305 Argument of an Exception: ..................................................................... 306 EXAMPLE: ............................................................................................. 306 Raising an exceptions: ........................................................................... 307 TUTORIALS POINT Simply Easy Learning SYNTAX: .............................................................................................. 307 EXAMPLE: ........................................................................................... 307 User-Defined Exceptions: ...................................................................... 307 Python Classes/Objects ........................................................ 309 Overview of OOP Terminology .............................................................. 309 Creating Classes: ................................................................................... 309 EXAMPLE: ........................................................................................... 310 Creating instance objects: ...................................................................... 310 Accessing attributes: .............................................................................. 310 Built-In Class Attributes: ......................................................................... 311 Destroying Objects (Garbage Collection): .............................................. 312 EXAMPLE: ........................................................................................... 312 Class Inheritance: .................................................................................. 313 SYNTAX: ................................................................................................ 313 EXAMPLE: ............................................................................................. 313 Overriding Methods: ............................................................................... 314 EXAMPLE: ........................................................................................... 314 Base Overloading Methods: ................................................................... 315 Overloading Operators: .......................................................................... 315 EXAMPLE: ........................................................................................... 315 Data Hiding: ........................................................................................... 316 EXAMPLE: ........................................................................................... 316 Python Regular Expressions ................................................. 317 The match Function ............................................................................... 317 EXAMPLE: ........................................................................................... 318 The search Function .............................................................................. 318 EXAMPLE: ........................................................................................... 319 Matching vs Searching: .......................................................................... 319 EXAMPLE: ........................................................................................... 319 Search and Replace: .............................................................................. 319 SYNTAX: .............................................................................................. 320 EXAMPLE: ........................................................................................... 320
Regular-expression Modifiers - Option Flags ......................................... 320 Regular-expression patterns: ................................................................. 321 Regular-expression Examples ............................................... 322 Literal characters: ................................................................................... 322 Character classes: ................................................................................. 322 Special Character Classes: .................................................................... 323 Repetition Cases: ................................................................................... 323 Nongreedy repetition: ............................................................................. 323 Grouping with parentheses: ................................................................... 323 Backreferences: ..................................................................................... 324 Alternatives: ........................................................................................... 324 Anchors: ................................................................................................. 324 Special syntax with parentheses: ........................................................... 324 Python CGI Programming ..................................................... 326 Web Browsing ........................................................................................ 326 CGI Architecture Diagram ...................................................................... 327 Web Server Support & Configuration ..................................................... 327 First CGI Program .................................................................................. 327 Content-type:text/html ................................................................ 328 Hello Word! This is my first CGI program .......................................... 328 HTTP Header ......................................................................................... 328 CGI Environment Variables .................................................................... 328 GET and POST Methods ....................................................................... 329 Passing Information using GET method: ............................................... 329 Simple URL Example : Get Method ....................................................... 330 Content-type:text/html ................................................................ 330 Hello ZARA ALI ..................................................................................... 330 Simple FORM Example: GET Method ................................................... 330 Passing Information using POST method: ............................................. 331 Passing Checkbox Data to CGI Program ............................................... 331 Passing Radio Button Data to CGI Program .......................................... 332 Passing Text Area Data to CGI Program ............................................... 333 Passing Drop Down Box Data to CGI Program ..................................... 334 Using Cookies in CGI ............................................................................. 335 How It Works? ........................................................................................ 335 Setting up Cookies ................................................................................. 335 Retrieving Cookies ................................................................................. 335 File Upload Example: ............................................................................. 336 How To Raise a "File Download" Dialog Box? ....................................... 337 TUTORIALS POINT Simply Easy Learning
Page 1 and 2: Python Tutorial
Page 3 and 4: ABOUT THE TUTORIALPython TutorialPy
Page 5 and 6: Example: ..........................
Page 7 and 8: Return Value ......................
Page 9 and 10: Description .......................
Page 11 and 12: Syntax ............................
Page 13 and 14: Example ...........................
Page 15 and 16: Parameters ........................
Page 23 and 24: Locating Modules: .................
Page 27 and 28: Description .......................
Page 31 and 32: Example ...........................
Page 33: Parameters ........................
Page 37 and 38: Starting a New Thread: ............
Page 39 and 40: Example: ..........................
Page 41 and 42: CHAPTER1Python OverviewPython is a
Page 43 and 44: CHAPTER2Python EnvironmentBefore we
Page 45 and 46: • To use this installer python-XY
Page 47 and 48: -c cmd run Python script sent in as
Page 49 and 50: This will produce the following res
Page 51 and 52: file_name = raw_input("Enter filena
Page 53 and 54: $ python -husage: python [option] .
Page 55 and 56: print 'Input file is "', inputfilep
Page 57 and 58: Here, an integer object is created
Page 59 and 60: Python Lists: Lists are the most v
Page 61 and 62: FunctionDescriptionint(x [,base])Co
Page 63 and 64: CHAPTER5Python Basic OperatorsWhat
Page 65 and 66: Line 4 - Value of c is 2Line 5 - Va
Page 67 and 68: Line 5 - a is greater than bLine 6
Page 69 and 70: | Binary OR Operator copies a bit i
Page 71 and 72: else:print "Line 3 - a and b are tr
Page 73 and 74: if ( id(a) == id(b) ):print "Line 2
Page 75 and 76: When you execute the above program,
Page 77 and 78: if statementsif...else statementsne
Page 79 and 80: Example: #!/usr/bin/pythonvar1 = 10
Page 81 and 82: else:print "Could not find true exp
Page 83 and 84: Loop Typewhile loopfor loopDescript
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num = raw_input("Enter a number :")
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Good bye!Iterating by Sequence I
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11 is prime13 is prime17 is prime19
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continue statement The continue st
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CHAPTER8Python NumbersNumber data t
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max(x1, x2,...)min(x1, x2,...)modf(
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Syntax Following is the syntax for
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import math# This will import math
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import mathmath.log10( x )Note: Thi
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modf(x) Description The method modf
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round( x [, n] )Parameters • x --
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Return Value This method returns a
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seed([x]) Description The method se
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asin(x)Note: This function is not a
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print "atan2(-10,10) : ", math.atan
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Note: This function is not accessib
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import mathprint "degrees(3) : ", m
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CHAPTER9Python StringsStrings are a
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+ Concatenation - Adds values on ei
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TAB ( \t ) and they will show up th
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str = "this is string example....wo
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Return Value This method returns a
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Description The method expandtabs()
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Traceback (most recent call last):F
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Let us compile and run the above pr
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str = "This is string example....wo
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str = "-";seq = ("a", "b", "c"); #
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lstrip() Description The method lst
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Max character: xmin(str) Descriptio
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str = "this is really a string exam
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Parameters • chars -- You can sup
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Parameters• str -- This is the st
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Parameters • NAReturn Value This
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Example The following example shows
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CHAPTER10Python ListsThe most basic
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Python Expression Results Descripti
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list( seq )Parameters • seq -- Th
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Return Value If elements are of th
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list.insert(index, obj)Parameters
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CHAPTER11Python TuplesAtuple is a s
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len((1, 2, 3)) 3 Length(1, 2, 3) +
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-11-1len(tuple) Description The met
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min value element : 200tuple(seq) D
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#!/usr/bin/pythondict = {'Name': 'Z
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34str(dict)Produces a printable str
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type(variable) Description The meth
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Return Value This method does not
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CHAPTER13Python Date & TimeApython
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#!/usr/bin/pythonimport time;localt
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import timeprint "time.altzone %d "
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Parameters • sec -- These are the
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• %w - day of the week as a decim
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time.time( ) Description The metho
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2time.tznameAttribute time.tzname i
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CHAPTER14Python FunctionAfunction i
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#!/usr/bin/python# Function definit
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return;# Now you can call printinfo
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Inside the function : 30Outside the
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A module is loaded only once, regar
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'sqrt', 'tan', 'tanh']Here, the spe
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CHAPTER16Python Files I/OThis chapt
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rb+WWbw+wb+AAba+ab+Opens a file for
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fo.write( "Python is a great langua
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EXAMPLE: Following is the example t
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operations from the operating syste
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# Close opened filefo.close()Let us
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Parameters • NAReturn Value This
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Parameters • offset -- This is th
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Parameters • size -- If this opti
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Description The method writelines()
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53545556575859606162os.symlink(src,
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• stat.S_IRGRP: Read by group.•
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os.chroot("/tmp/usr")print "Changed
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Parameters • fd -- This is the or
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import os, sys# First go to the "/v
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Description The method fchown() cha
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Description The method fdopen() ret
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{'PC_MAX_INPUT': 2, 'PC_VDISABLE':
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# Open a filefd = os.open( "foo.txt
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print "Current working dir : %s" %
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path = "/var/www/html/foo.txt"fd =
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_vti_txtrobots.txtitemlistingresume
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# Close opened fileos.close( fd )#
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dev_num = os.makedev(major_dnum, mi
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-rw-------. 1 root root 0 Apr 30 02
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os.pathconf(path, name) Descriptio
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Description The method popen() open
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# !/usr/bin/pythonimport ossrc = '/
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# stat informationstatinfo = os.sta
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Description The method tcgetpgrp()
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os.tempnam(dir, prefix)Parameters
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Description The method ttyname() re
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Return Value This method returns t
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KeyErrorNameErrorUnboundLocalErrorE
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......................else:If there
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print "Error: can\'t find file or r
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self.args = argSo once you defined
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'Optional class documentation strin
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For the above class let's try to ac
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print 'Calling child method'c = Chi
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Data Hiding: An object's attribute
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groups()This method returns all mat
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SYNTAX: re.sub(pattern, repl, strin
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\s Matches whitespace. Equivalent t
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Backreferences: This matches a prev
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CHAPTER20Python CGI ProgrammingWhat
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If you click hello.py, then this pr
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Simple URL Example : Get Metho
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</form>The result of this code is t
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text_content = form.getvalue('textc
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Here is an example of how to retrie
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CHAPTER21Python Database AccessThe
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EXAMPLE: Following is the example o
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('Mac', 'Mohan', 20, 'M', 2000)try:
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DELETE Operation: DELETE operation
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ProgrammingErrorSubclass of Databas
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The socket Module: To create a so
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Protocol Common function Port No Py
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Subject: SMTP e-mail testThis is a
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try:smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP('localho
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count = 0while count < 5:time.sleep
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Synchronizing Threads: The threadi
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thread = myThread(threadID, tName,
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<stars>10</stars><description>Talk
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print "Rating:", self.ratingelif se
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Format: DVDRating: PGDescription: T
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Tkinter Widgets Tkinter provides v
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fgfontheighthighlightcolorimagejust
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WidthXscrollincrementXscrollcommand
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pattern when it is over the checkbu
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The Entry widget is used to accept
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E1 = Entry(top, bd =5)E1.pack(side
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Optionanchorbgbitmapbdcursorfontfgh
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selectmodeDetermines how many items
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Syntax: Here is the simple syntax t
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Menu The goal of this widget is to
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filemenu.add_command(label="Exit",
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Example: Try the following example
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WidthWraplengthWidth of the label i
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label appears in the top left corne
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Parameters: • master: This repres
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Parameters: • master: This repres
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mark_gravity(mark [,gravity])Return
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Methods & Descriptiondeiconify()Dis
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disabledbackgrounddisabledforegroun
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bgbdThe color of the slider and arr
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fontheightlabelAnchorhighlightbackg
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Standard attributes:Let's take a l
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• family: The font family name as
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B2.pack()B3.pack()B4.pack()B5.pack(
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• "heart"• "heart"• "man"•
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The grid() Method This geometry m
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CHAPTERPython Further Extensions27A
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This table needs to be terminated w
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Passing Function Parameters: Beca
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return (a + b)You can return two va
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CHAPTER28Python Tools/UtilitiesThe
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The profile Module: The profile m
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