echiparea si modernizarea vagoanelor de calatori in ... - IPA SA
echiparea si modernizarea vagoanelor de calatori in ... - IPA SA
echiparea si modernizarea vagoanelor de calatori in ... - IPA SA
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
PROGRAMUL CEEX<br />
CONTRBUTII STIINTIFICE IN TRANSPORTURI<br />
<strong>de</strong> obicei o perioada scurta, mai mica <strong>de</strong> 10 m<strong>in</strong>ute, ten<strong>si</strong>unea spre baterie <strong>si</strong> consumatori va fi mai mica <strong>de</strong>cat<br />
cea normala. In functionarea normala <strong>in</strong> care sursa <strong>de</strong>biteazä spre bateria <strong>de</strong> acumulatoare un curent mai mic<br />
<strong>de</strong>cat cel maxim admis, ten<strong>si</strong>unea aplicata bateriei <strong>de</strong> acumulatoare <strong>si</strong> respectiv consumatorilor <strong>de</strong> servicii<br />
auxiliare alimentati la ten<strong>si</strong>unea nom<strong>in</strong>alä <strong>de</strong> 24 Vcc va fi <strong>de</strong> exemplu <strong>in</strong> functie <strong>de</strong> temperatura bateriei <strong>de</strong><br />
acumulatoare conform conditiilor d<strong>in</strong> tabelul 1.<br />
Temperatura<br />
[ o C ]<br />
Tabelul 1. Ten<strong>si</strong>unile pe bateria <strong>de</strong> 24 V a vagonului<br />
Valoarea ten<strong>si</strong>unii <strong>de</strong> float<strong>in</strong>g a Ten<strong>si</strong>unea maxima<br />
bateriei [V]<br />
[V]<br />
40 25,56 +/- 2% 27,7<br />
20 26,75 +/- 2% 28,2<br />
-25 29,46 +/- 2% 30<br />
-33 29,9 +/- 3% 30,3<br />
Ten<strong>si</strong>unea <strong>de</strong> 600 Vcc <strong>de</strong> la bornele con<strong>de</strong>nsatorului 27 pr<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>termediul unei dio<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> sens 30 este<br />
aplicata la doua con<strong>de</strong>nsatoare <strong>in</strong>seriate 32 <strong>si</strong> 33. Ten<strong>si</strong>unea <strong>de</strong> la bornele con<strong>de</strong>nsatoarelor 32 <strong>si</strong> 33 este<br />
aplicata unui <strong>in</strong>vertor trifazat <strong>de</strong> tipul PWM - 34 realizat cu tranzistoare IGBT. Tranzistoarele sunt comandate<br />
<strong>de</strong> la un driver 35, care a<strong>si</strong>gura <strong>si</strong> protectia tranzistoarelor la curentii <strong>de</strong> scurtcircuit. La fiecare pornire a<br />
<strong>in</strong>vertorului, acesta da la ie<strong>si</strong>re o ten<strong>si</strong>une mica <strong>in</strong> jur <strong>de</strong> 20 Vca la o frecventa ca 1 Hz, ten<strong>si</strong>unea <strong>si</strong> frecventa<br />
crescand apoi <strong>in</strong> mod automat astfel ca U/f = constant <strong>si</strong> se opreste la ten<strong>si</strong>unea nom<strong>in</strong>ala <strong>de</strong> 3 x 400 Vca- 50<br />
Hz. Viteza <strong>de</strong> crestere a frecventei este <strong>in</strong> functie <strong>de</strong> puterea motorului <strong>de</strong> compresor.<br />
ECH<strong>IPA</strong>MENT DE COMANDA CONDITIONARII AERULUI<br />
Pe vagoanele <strong>de</strong> cale ferata mo<strong>de</strong>rnizate se amplaseaza <strong>in</strong>stalatii <strong>de</strong> conditionarea aerului<br />
capabile sa a<strong>si</strong>gure conditii confortabile <strong>de</strong> <strong>calatori</strong>e pe distante lungi. In pr<strong>in</strong>cipiu o <strong>in</strong>stalatie <strong>de</strong><br />
conditionarea aerului este un <strong>si</strong>stem cu <strong>de</strong>tenta directa <strong>si</strong> difuzie a aerului pr<strong>in</strong> ejecto-convectoare.<br />
Conceptia este adaptata conditiilor <strong>de</strong> exploatare a cailor ferate conform zonei climatice avute <strong>in</strong> ve<strong>de</strong>re<br />
la exploatare. Conform standardului UIC553 pentru Romania <strong>si</strong> majoritatea tarilor europene <strong>si</strong>tuate <strong>in</strong><br />
zona climatica II aceasta <strong>in</strong>seamna po<strong>si</strong>bilitatea <strong>de</strong> a ment<strong>in</strong>e o temperatura <strong>in</strong>terioara <strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>tervalul 20-<br />
26ºC daca temperatura exterioara se <strong>si</strong>tueaza <strong>in</strong> plaja -25...+35ºC.<br />
Echipamentul <strong>de</strong> comanda este format d<strong>in</strong>tr-un <strong>si</strong>stem modular tip <strong>SA</strong>TREC MMA-21 cont<strong>in</strong>and:<br />
unitatea centrala <strong>de</strong> prelucrare cu microprocesor cu <strong>in</strong>trari analogice pentru masurarea<br />
ten<strong>si</strong>unii bateriei <strong>de</strong> acumulatoare <strong>si</strong> masurarea temperaturilor exterioara <strong>si</strong> <strong>de</strong> canal<br />
(UCP) pr<strong>in</strong> conver<strong>si</strong>e rezistenta-ten<strong>si</strong>une;<br />
unitati <strong>de</strong> <strong>in</strong>trari digitale (UID);<br />
unitati <strong>de</strong> relee (URE);<br />
modul <strong>de</strong> alimentare (SRT)<br />
Acesta controleaza <strong>in</strong>stalatiile montate <strong>in</strong> compartimente:<br />
6 module <strong>de</strong> reglare (13), unul la 2 compartimente (tip CIC-11) cu compunerea:<br />
unitate <strong>de</strong> prelucrare locala a temperaturilor pe 2 compartimente (masura <strong>si</strong> prescrisa) <strong>si</strong><br />
<strong>in</strong>terfata <strong>de</strong> comunicatie cu calculatorul central;<br />
unitate <strong>de</strong> alimentare <strong>si</strong> elemente <strong>de</strong> comanda a <strong>in</strong>calzirii locale (relee <strong>in</strong>termediare 24V/5A);<br />
son<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> temperatura ambianta (<strong>de</strong> tip termistor NTC Vishay cod 2381 640 54472<br />
R25=4,7kohm+-2%, B25/85=3977K+-0,76%);<br />
comutator cu c<strong>in</strong>ci pozitii pentru prescrisa <strong>de</strong> temperatura.<br />
Programul rezi<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>in</strong> modulele <strong>de</strong> reglare locala a<strong>si</strong>gura: masurarea temperaturii la nivelul<br />
compartimentului/platformei, comunicarea cu calculatorul central <strong>si</strong> comanda <strong>in</strong>calzirii locale <strong>in</strong> functie<br />
UCP AMTRANS - NOIEMBRIE 2007<br />
7