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hex001 virtualiteter - Lunds universitet

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Robert Willim<br />

lunda funktioner. Det är inget större problem. Men ägaren till den nya<br />

datorn kan se fram emot att under den närmaste framtiden få lära sig av<br />

med, och lära om, en rad små vanor och handgrepp som inte har behövt<br />

medvetandegöras på lång tid.<br />

När människor möter nya system, ordningar och miljöer måste stora<br />

delar av de oansenliga praktiker som fyllt vardagen omvärderas och re-<br />

flekteras över. Detta händer vid byte av teknik, men även i andra vardag-<br />

liga situationer, till exempel då människor flyttar och byter bostad. 13 Det<br />

handlar om basala delar i mänskligt beteende. Som gränssnittsdesignern<br />

Jef Raskin påpekar:<br />

…humans cannot avoid developing automatic responses. This idea is important<br />

enough to bear repetition: No amount of training can teach a user not to develop<br />

habits when she uses an interface repeatedly. (…) If you have ever unintentio-<br />

nally driven toward your normal workplace on a Saturday morning when you<br />

intended to go somewhere else, you’ve been had by a habit that formed through<br />

repetition of a fixed sequence of actions. (…) Thus, after you take the wrong<br />

turn on Saturday, you may suddenly realize that you intended to drive in the<br />

opposite direction; this realization makes your navigation your locus of atten-<br />

tion, and you can interrupt the automatic sequence of actions that would have<br />

led you to your workplace.<br />

When you repeat a sequence of operations, making and keeping what<br />

you are doing your locus of attention is the only way to keep a habit from<br />

forming. This is very difficult to do. As expressed in a common phrase, our<br />

attention wanders. 14<br />

13. Schaffer 2001.<br />

14. Raskin 2000:21f<br />

77

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