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A. Juriˇ<strong>si</strong>ć in V. Batagelj: Verjetnostni račun in statistika 329 ✬ Kaj lahko naredimo, če σ ne poznamo? Parameter σ lahko ocenimo s S0 ali S. Toda S je slučajna spremenljivka in X − µ √ porazdelitev statistike n S ni več normalna N(0, 1) (razen, če je n zelo velik in S skoraj enak σ). Kakˇsna je porazdelitev nove vzorčne statistike ✫ T = X − µ S √ n ? Univerza v Ljubljani ▲ ❙ ▲ ▲ ● ❙ ▲ ▲ ☛ ✖ ▲ ✩ ✪
A. Juriˇ<strong>si</strong>ć in V. Batagelj: Verjetnostni račun in statistika 330 ✬ t 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 ✫ −4 −2 0 2 4 x . . . Studentova porazdelitev Leta 1908 je W.S. Gosset (1876-1937) pod psevdonimom ‘Student’ objavil članek, v katerem je pokazal, da ima statistika T porazdelitev S(n − 1) z gostoto p(t) = 1 + t2 − n − 1 n 2 √ n − 1 n − 1 B , 2 1 2 Tej porazdelitvi pravimo Studentova porazdelitev z n − 1 prostostnimi stopnjami. > plot(function(x) dt(x,df=3),-5,5,ylim=c(0,0.42),ylab="t", col="red") > curve(dt(x,df=100),col="blue",add=T) > curve(dt(x,df=1),col="green",add=T) Univerza v Ljubljani ▲ ❙ ▲ ▲ ● ❙ ▲ ▲ ☛ ✖ ▲ ✩ ✪
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✬ ✫ Ljubljana, 6. oktober 2008
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A. Juriˇsić in V. Batagelj: Verje
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