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A. Juriˇsić in V. Batagelj: Verjetnostni račun in statistika 341 ✬ ✫ . . . Doslednost Če pri pogoju n → ∞ velja ECn → ζ in DCn → 0, je Cn dosledna cenilka parametra ζ. To sprevidimo takole: 1−P (|Cn−ζ| < ε) = P (|Cn−ζ| ≥ ε) ≤ P (|Cn−ECn|+|ECn−ζ| ≥ ε) upoˇstevajmo ˇse, da za dovolj velike n velja |ECn − ζ| < ε/2, in uporabimo neenakost Čebiˇseva P (|Cn − ECn| ≥ ɛ/2) ≤ 4DCn ɛ 2 → 0 Primeri: Naj bo X : N(µ, σ). Ker za n → ∞ velja ES2 0 = (n−1)σ2 n in DS2 0 = 2(n−1)σ4 n2 → 0, je vzorčna disperzija S2 0 dosledna cenilka za σ2 . Univerza v Ljubljani ▲ ❙ ▲ ▲ → σ2 ▲ ● ❙ ▲ ▲ ☛ ✖ ✩ ✪
A. Juriˇsić in V. Batagelj: Verjetnostni račun in statistika 342 ✬ ✫ Nepristrana cenilka z najmanjˇso varianco Cenilka Cn parametra ζ je nepristranska, če je ECn = ζ (za vsak n); in je asimptotično nepristranska, če je limn→∞ ECn = ζ. Količino B(Cn) = ECn − ζ imenujemo pristranost (angl. bias) cenilke Cn. Primeri: vzorčno povprečje X je nepristranska cenilka za populacijsko povprečje µ ; vzorčna disperzija S 2 0 je samo asimptotično nepristranska cenilka za σ 2 , popravljena vzorčna disperzija S 2 pa je nepristranska cenilka za σ 2 . Univerza v Ljubljani ▲ ❙ ▲ ▲ ● ❙ ▲ ▲ ☛ ✖ ▲ ✩ ✪
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✬ ✫ Ljubljana, 6. oktober 2008
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A. Juriˇsić in V. Batagelj: Verje
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