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176 HISTORICA Revue pro historii a příbuzné vědy 2012/2
Tabelle 2: Personalstand der Brünner Polizeiwache 1786–1795
Jahr
FUNKTION
Polizeiwache-Lieutenant 68 Korporal Tambour Gemeine
1786 1 2 ---- 28
1787 1 3 1 26
1788 1 3 1 26
1789 1 3 1 26
1790 1 3 1 36
1791 1 3 1 36
1792 1 3 1 35
1793 1 3 1 35
1794 1 3 1 35
1795 1 3 1 35
Summary
„Zwischen zentraler Reformbestrebung und lokaler Reformanpassung.“
The Creation of „Polizey“ in Brno during the Reign of the Emperor Leopold II (1790–1792)
Michal Chvojka
The reign of Leopold II (1790–92) represents in many respects the culmination and conclusion of the
Era od Enlightenment in the Hapsburg monarchy. In contrast to its economic, administrational and
political aspects the issue of the police (re-) organization, being a new and outstandingly important
pillar of the absolute monarchy, has hitherto been more or less disregarded by historians. Therefore,
the author seeks to outline the main features of this important element of political administration and
a tool of social control. Above all, the author intends to aim at the manner in which the two Viennese
models of police organization (established partly during the reign of Joseph II under the supervision
of the Minister of State Johan Anton Pergen, and partly during the reign of Leopold II under authority
of Jozef von Sonnenfels, Professor of Police and Criminal Science) were applied in Moravia and
Silesia, or more precisely in Brno as the centre. The Joseph-Pergen model may be characterized by
the (planned) exclusion of the police agenda from the competence of local authority elites and their
nationalisation through the appointment of I&R police clerks. The police was supposed to acquire autonomous
status in the frame of state administration and to administer disciplinary, security, supervisory,
corrective and administrative agenda. The default characteristics of the new organization were
also meant to include division into public and secret police, town zoning, professionalization of the
disciplinary forces, introduction of the reporting duty as well as controlling the movement of persons
and marginal groups. Emperor Leopold II intended to radically change this model in the sense that
the police administration would return under the control of the national governments and the secret
police agenda on the local level was supposed to be significantly reduced. The civil, criminal and police
competences as well as the duties in the area of social welfare were supposed to arise under the newly
established county headquarters (Bezirksdirektionen), working in close cooperation with municipal
or burgess supervisory staff. Despite of accentuated efforts to enforce this new model, in Moravia and
Silesia the original Joseph-Pergen model of police administration remained in force even after 1789,
particularly due to the short reign of Leopold II, numerous domestic and international political issues
after the death of his brother and last but not least as a result of certain rigidity and delaying attitude
of the Moravian-Salesian political elites.
68 Seit 1787 erledigt und durch den Polizeiwachkommandanten ersetzt.