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Izmjena ili raskid ugovora zbog promijenjenih okolnosti prema ...

Izmjena ili raskid ugovora zbog promijenjenih okolnosti prema ...

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S. PETRIĆ, <strong>Izmjena</strong> <strong>ili</strong> <strong>raskid</strong> <strong>ugovora</strong> <strong>zbog</strong> <strong>promijenjenih</strong> <strong>okolnosti</strong>...Zb. Prav. fak. Sveuč. Rij. (1991) v. 28, br. 1, 107-155 (2007)123dijelom u terminologiji, tj. Načela UNIDROIT govore o “fundamentalnojpovredi ravnoteže vrijednosti”, dok PECL u st. 2. čl. 6.111. dopunjujedefiniciju preuzimajući terminologiju Codice civile, tj. precizirajući da seradi o “iznimnoj otežanosti ispunjenja”. 62Značajna razlika postoji i u opsegu <strong>okolnosti</strong> koje se uzimaju u obzir.Naime, <strong>prema</strong> prav<strong>ili</strong>ma čl. 6.2.2. (a) Načela UNIDROIT, može se raditine samo o <strong>okolnosti</strong>ma koje su nastupile nakon zaključenja <strong>ugovora</strong>, kaošto to određuju odredbe čl. 6.111. st. 2. (a) PECL-a, 63 nego i o <strong>okolnosti</strong>makoje su postojale u vrijeme zaključenja <strong>ugovora</strong>, ali strankama nisu bilepoznate. 64 Ovo razlikovanje objašnjava i već spomenutu razliku u uporabiterminologije. Naime, pravila PECL-a ograničavaju se na promijenjene<strong>okolnosti</strong>, i zapravo više odgovaraju klasičnom shvaćanju klauzule rebussic stantibus kakvo je prihvaćeno, primjerice, u talijanskom <strong>ili</strong> u našempravu, dok je koncept Načela UNIDROIT širi i više odgovara stajalištima unjemačkom pravu <strong>ili</strong> u pravu anglosaksonskih zemalja.I jedan i drugi tekst zahtijevaju nepredvidivost događaja koji je doveo dootežanja ispunjenja. 65 Načela UNIDROIT osim toga zahtijevaju da se radi odogađaju koj je “izvan kontrole” stranke koja se na njega poziva, dok PECLne sadrži takvu odredbu. 66I Načela UNIDROIT i PECL zahtijevaju da se ne radi o riziku kojega jestranka pogođena promjenom družna trpjeti. 67 No, treba napomenuti da jeformulacija PECL-a uspješnija jer odredba Načela UNIDROIT govori samou “preuzetom riziku”, što je dijelom pokriveno pravilom o nepredvidivostidogađaja.occurrence of events fundamentally alters the equ<strong>ili</strong>brium of the contract either because thecost of a party’s performance has increased or because the value of the performance a partyreceives has diminished,PECL: Article 6:111: (1) A party is bound to fulfil its obligations even if performance hasbecome more onerous, whether because the cost of performance has increased or because thevalue of the performance it receives has diminished.62PECL: Article 6:111: (2) If, however, performance of the contract becomes excessivelyonerous because of a change of circumstances,63PECL: Article 6:111: (2) (a) the change of circumstances occurred after the time ofconclusion of the contract,64Načela UNIDROIT: Article 6.2.2. (a) the events occur or become known to thedisadvantaged party after the conclusion of the contract;65Načela UNIDROIT: Article 6.2.2. (b) the events could not reasonably have been takeninto account by the disadvantaged party at the time of the conclusion of the contract;PECL: Article 6:111: (2) (b) the possib<strong>ili</strong>ty of a change of circumstances was not one whichcould reasonably have been taken into account at the time of conclusion of the contract,66Načela UNIDROIT: Article 6.2.2. (c) the events are beyond the control of thedisadvantaged party;67Načela UNIDROIT: Article 6.2.2. (d) the risk of the events was not assumed by thedisadvantaged party.PECL: Article 6:111: (2) (c) the risk of the change of circumstances is not one which,according to the contract, the party affected should be required to bear.

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