From QCD to Antiferromagnets and Quantum Hall ... - Uwe-Jens Wiese
From QCD to Antiferromagnets and Quantum Hall ... - Uwe-Jens Wiese
From QCD to Antiferromagnets and Quantum Hall ... - Uwe-Jens Wiese
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
Ž"ùÏ fTUVM¤Oj_ ‚ cev\Ohc\aTv\M.MkÆ+fTcedZSXWHa0SVa w SVaNp\W}giYjp`SJYj[šc\]*M\¨†ŒBW¿UXMkc\LTSVaTv¢W\OhLNM¤Ok +dZRNMaNMk]*MkYZYZceOZodjW¿YjWHUVt\M.dZRNM–Ö ¥Ø×Ù= k1Ú µ =’¥ ÿ µ > ¹¸ MkUL0YZdjOZMkaNv\dZR£¨ŒQRTSVYYZRNW}giY(dZRTced(dZRTM¤OZM¢SVY(c-YZRTSVl©d&W\l’dZRTMMkaNM¤OZv\0[TOZW\[FW\OZdZSXWHaTc\U„djW-dZRNM¢yocevHaNM¤dZSV]“Ìã Ü î ”Ì”Ìç í • ñšæ’î “oã æ • ó • ñšæ’î “}ãm–(.iã î ômèæ > ¹ỹ cevHaNM¤dZSX¾kcedZSXWHá SVY†W\{TdZc\SVaNMkL¦{+˜c\LTLTSVaNvM¤t\M¤OZoYjMk]*WHaTL0Yj[JSã c\aTL0YZfN{TdjOhc\]*dZSaNv¢dZRNMŒQRNM.YZdZcev\v\M¤OZMkĹc\SVaTSaNvYj[JSaTYW\l£M¤t\M¤OZoUcedjdZSV]*M.[FWHSVa¥d¤¨xza ¸ vN¨üû+¨ü¿SXd†SVY&SVUVUfTYjdjOhcedjMkL˜RTW7gŠc\a¦c\a¥dZSXlmM¤OZOZWHỹ cevHaNM¤dSVYOZMkỹ Mk]*djMkĹ {+oc\a0M*Ê+djM¤O^aTc\UFỹ cevHaNM¤dZSV] ¸ MkUVL£¨P†OZW7t`SVLNMkL¦dZRNMsM*Ê+djM¤OhaJc\U ¸ MkUL¦SVY&aNW\dYjdjOZWHaNv¿MkaNWHfNvHR0djWcù4tf¡òdiðwzwó9iw|3â¥hczqlozwó¡sWHUVLTYjdjWHaTM*_>‰DSVU]*¾¤M¤pdjM¤Ohy8LNW+MkYaNW\d]*WHa¥djOhSX{JfNdjMdjW¤dZRNM(MkÆ+fTcedZSXWHaTYÈW\l„y-W\dZSXWHa-c\aTLSVYÈdZRNM¤OZM¤lmW\OZM(aNWUXWHaNv\M¤OSVaT]¤UVfJLNMkL£¨BŒQRJSVY’]*WHỹ MkYl©OhWHyÍ]*WHaJYZSVLNM¤OhcedZSVWHaTY’SadZRTM:[FW7g&M¤O,]*WHfTa¥dZSVaNvYZ]^RNMky-M\¨ŒQRNM&vHc\fNv\M¸ MkUVLTY(y¿fTYjd{FM¢]*WHfTa¥djMkL¦SVá dZRNM¢YZc\ỹ Mỹ c\aTaNM¤OQc\YQdZRNM¢LNM¤OhSXtecedZSXt\MkY¤¨,ƒsYQc-OhMkYZfTUXddZRNM¡sWHULTYjdjWHaNM*_‰DSVU]*¾¤M¤p-djM¤OhyÇSVY,W\lÓRTSVvHRNM¤O†W\OhLTM¤O:dZRTc\a¦W\dZRNM¤OSVaT]¤UVfJLNMkL-djM¤Ohỹ Yk¨Èxzl£dZRNM¢¡sWHUVLTYZdjWHaNM*_>‰DSUV]*¾¤M¤p-djM¤Ohyg:M¤OZMdjW¦{FMSaT]¤UVfTLNMkĹ dZRTMka¦dZRNM¤OZM¿ỹ ckÉ{„Mỹ c\aŽW\dZRTM¤OhYQdZRTced¤]*WHa¥djOhSX{JfNdjMgiSXdZR¦dZRTMYZc\y-MW\OhLNM¤OW\lBỹ cevHaTSXdZfJLNM\¨ŒQRTSVY:]¤c\YjM¤g&c\YaNW\dSVa¥t\MkYjdZSXvHcedjMkL£¨,ŒQRTM.OZMkUVM¤tÌc\a¥d:MkUVMk]*djOZWHỹ cevHaNM¤dZSV] ¸ MkULo]*WHa¥dZc\SVaTYWHaTUX¦ć YjdZcedZSV]¿ỹ cevHaNM¤dZSV] ¸ MkULÉSVadZRNMÕÔe_bLTSXOZMk]*dZSVWHa·c\aJLÉdZRNM¤OhM¿ceOZM-aNW¦ÕJfT]*dZfTcedZSVWHaTY¤¨¤ŒQRTSVY.y-Mkc\aTY% ]ÿ ® ½ c\aTL % ¥ ÿ €`¨†ŒQRNM ‚ cev\Ohc\aNvHSVc\a¦dZcep\MkYidZRNMl©W\Ohy8 Š » 4~ ¥ ¹ÂU$ ¹8 ¥ ¹8 › ¹8Rç % ¹8 ŸÓ ® ½ 8] # › ¹8 Š°ž7Ÿ& ›œû+¨¥ŸŒQRNM ¸ O^YjdQdbg&W0djM¤Ohỹ Y.WHa¦dZRNMOhSXvHR¥d‹_bRTc\aTLÉYhSVLNM¢ceOZMdZRNMp`SVaNM¤dZSV]¢djM¤Ohỹ Y¤ šdZRNMdZRTSVOhLdjM¤Ohy×SVYiỹ Sa¥fTYdZRNM-[FW\djMkaŽdZSVc\Uc\aJL§dZRNM˜aNM¤gUVc\Yjd¤djM¤Ohy ]*WHaŽdZc\SVaJY¢c ‚ cev\Ohc\aTv\M˜yfTUVdZSX[JUVSXM¤O # g.RTSV]hR·MkaTYhfNOZMkY¤dZRNM]*WHaTYjdjOhc\SVa¥d› ¹8 ÿ ž7Ÿ^¨ƒ.YRTc\Y¤{FM¤MkaLTSVYZ]¤fTYhYjMkLSa·]^RTce[TdjM¤O+¨N ’dZRNM˜LTSVYZ[„M¤O^YZSXWHa¦OhMkUVcedZSXWHa§lmW\O¢ỹ cevHaNWHaTYSVa§ć lmM¤OZOZWe_ỹ cevHaNM¤dQgiSVdZRNWHfNdQc\aM*Ề djM¤OhaTc\UÓyocevHaNM¤dZSV] ¸ MkUĹ dZcep\MkYidZRNMl©W\Ohy» ÿÛ µÁ > &›œû+¨ŽûHŸÿ €ŽŸÈSXdSVY]¤UXMkceO,dZRTceddZRNMQyocevHaNM¤dZSX¾kcedZSXWHa ¹ 8 SVYÈ[JceOhc\UVUXMkUxˆvHaNW\O^SVaNvsdZRNM.¡sWHUVLTYZdjWHaNM*_>‰DSUV]*¾¤M¤pdjM¤Ohy×›ÛÜcevHaNM¤dZS] ¸ MkUL ¹ ½ ¨,Œ’cep`SVaNvdZRNMiOZMkYhfTUXdZY:l©OZWHy ‚ MkfTdbgQ`UXM¤OdSžjU„WHaNM ¸ aTLTY†l©W\O&dZRNM¤LTSVYj[FM¤OhYhSXWHadjWdZRNM¤ỹOZMkUVcedZSXWHa» ÿ µÁ > ª® ½ &›œû+¨4HŸLNMkYjdjOZW}dZRNMc\aŽdZSVl©M¤OZOhWHỹ cevHaNM¤dZSVYZyÍdZRNM¤OhMSY’c\UXgck`Yc.OZMkỹ c\SVaTSaNv.YjdZcev\v\M¤OhMkL-ỹ cevHaNM¤dZSX¾kcedZSXWHaÓ¨ | W\djMdZRTcedQc\á c\aŽdZSXlmM¤OZOZWHyocevHaNM¤dQ]¤c\á {FMsdZfTOhaNMkL0SVaŽdjW-clmM¤OZOZWHỹ cevHaTM¤d&g.SXdZŔ c ¸ aTSXdjMsM*Ê+djM¤OhaJc\U£ỹ cevHaNM¤dZSV]¸ MkUVL£ NSVá giRJSV]hR]¤c\YjMdZRNM¢YjdZcev\v\M¤OZMkL·ỹ cevHaNM¤dZSV¾kcedZSXWHa¦tec\aTSVYZRTMkY¤¨xˆdSVY¢]¤UXMkceOdZRTced¢dZRNM¤OZM¦SVY¢aNW*/o›œHŸ µ YZ+ỹ ỹ M¤djOZdZRJcedOZMkỹ c\SaTY¤¨ Ò W7g&M¤t\M¤Ok dZRNM¤OZM-OZMkyoc\SVaTY¢cYj+yoy-M¤djOZoSVa¦dZRNMsỀ Ž_>[JUc\aNM\¨ŒQRTSVY:M*Ê+[šUVSV]¤SXd&Yj+yoy-M¤djOZ˜{TOhMkcep+SVaTv¿RTc\Y&dZRNM¤M Mk]*d(dZRTcedWHaNM¤W\lÓdZRNMdbg&WyocevHaNWHaTY&W\{TdZc\SVaTY&c¿ỹ c\YZYc\aTL¦dZRNM¤OZM¤SVY†WHaJUXWHaNM.OhMkỹ c\SVaTSVaTv¦›Ûỹ c\YZYZUVMkYZY^Ÿ&¡sWHUVLTYjdjWHaTM.{FWHYjWHa£¨xza¥t\MkYjdZSVaTvc\a2ceOZ{JSXdjOhceO^SVUXYhỹ c\UVU,c\y-WHfJaŽdW\l(MkaNM¤OZv\\ dZRNMoYZ[JSVaW\OhSVMkaŽdZcedZSXWHa2]¤c\a9{„MoOZW\dZcedjMkLSVaÉdZRTMỀ Ž_>[šUVc\aNM›ÛfTYZSVaNv¦dZRNM¿OZMkỹ c\SVaTSaNṽ WHaNM*_bLTSy-MkaTYZSXWHaJc\UB]*WHa¥dZSVa¥fTWHfTY¤Yj+yoy-M¤djOZTŸ^ „g.RTSVUXM¢M*ÊN]¤S_dZcedZSXWHaTY¤SVadZRNM¾*_bLTSXOZMk]*dZSXWHaOZMkÆ+fTSXOZM¿c ¸ aTSXdjMMkaNM¤OZv\\¨ƒ.Yc¦OZMkYZfJUXd¤ šWHaTM]¤c\a§LNM ¸ aNMdZRTMtec\]¤fTfTyYjdZcedjMlmW\OQdZRNMyocevHaNWHadZRNM¤W\OZc\aTĹ M*Ề [Jc\aTLÉceOZWHfTaTĹ dZRTSYQc\Y(gc\YiLNWHaNMlmW\OQ[JSVWHaTY(SVa¥¤§¦©¨¿¨¸ MkUVLTY ¹ 8 djWdZRTM0c\]*dZSXWHaLNM ¸ aNModZRNM¦W\OhSXMka¥dZcedZSXWHa2W\lic·YjWe_b]¤c\UVUXMkLŒQRNM0]*WHaŽdjOhSV{JfNdZSXWHaW\liYjdZcedZSV]]¤c\aŽdjMkL·YjdZcedjM\¨†xzdi]¤c\aÉ{„MYZRTW7giadZRJcedifTYZSVaTv¿dZRTM¢[TOZM¤t`SXWHfTYM*Ề [Jc\aTYZSVWHá W\lÈdZRTMỹ cevHaNWHa ¸ MkUVL¨›ÛYjM¤M