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38 Financial Management Short-term Loans Commercial banks also provide loans to the business concern to meet the short-term financial requirements. When a bank makes an advance in lump sum against some security it is termed as loan. Loan may be in the following form: (a) Cash credit: A cash credit is an arrangement by which a bank allows his customer to borrow money up to certain limit against the security of the commodity. (b) Overdraft: Overdraft is an arrangement with a bank by which a current account holder is allowed to withdraw more than the balance to his credit up to a certain limit without any securities. Development Banks Development banks were established mainly for the purpose of promotion and development the industrial sector in the country. Presently, large number of development banks are functioning with multidimensional activities. Development banks are also called as financial institutions or statutory financial institutions or statutory non-banking institutions. Development banks provide two important types of finance: (a) Direct Finance (b) Indirect Finance/Refinance Some of the important development banks are discussed in Chapter 11. Presently the commercial banks are providing all kinds of financial services including development-banking services. And also nowadays development banks and specialisted financial institutions are providing all kinds of financial services including commercial banking services. Diversified and global financial services are unavoidable to the present day economics. Hence, we can classify the financial institutions only by the structure and set up and not by the services provided by them. MODEL QUESTIONS 1. Explain the various sources of financing. 2. What is meant by security financing? 3. What is debt financing? 4. Critically examine the advantages and disadvantages of equity shares. 5. Discuss the features of equity shares. 6. What are the merits of the deferred shares? 7. Explain the merits and demerits of preference shares? 8. List out the types of debentures.
Sources of Financing 39 9. Evaluate the overall view of debentures. 10. How internal sources of finance is used in the industrial concern? 11. What is retained earnings? 12. Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of retained earnings. 13. How does depreciation funds help the industrial concern as sources of finance? 14. Evaluate the overall structure of the loan financing? 15. Explain the Commercial Bank financing? 16. Enumerate the major development banks. 17. Explain the role of UTI and LIC in industrial financing? 18. What is cash credit? 19. Mention the functions of IFCI.
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Page 16 and 17: Contents Insurance Sector in India
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(A) First in First out Method FIFO
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