সৃষ্টির একুশ শতক July 21

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•zï˛ƒy!ò !ӈϢ£Ïû˛yˆÏÓ Óƒy•ï˛ •ˆÏFåÈ– û˛yÓ˚ˆÏï˛Ó˚
û˛y£Ïy!ÓK˛yö#Ó˚yñ !ӈϢ£Ï ܲˆÏÓ˚ û˛y£Ïyï˛y!_¥Ü˛
§ÇfiÌyà%!°ñ §Ó˚ܲyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ IJõÓ˚ ã˛y˛õ §,!T˛ ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛
˛õyˆÏÓ˚ö ÎyˆÏï˛ ~•z§Ó ï˛Ìƒ ÎÌyÎÌû˛yˆÏÓ §Ç@ˇÃ•
Ä ≤ÃܲyˆÏ¢Ó˚ çöƒ ÓƒÓfiÌy ˆöÄÎ˚y •Î˚–
ï˛ˆÏÓ xy!òÓy§# üyï,˛û˛y£Ïyà%!°ˆÏï ≤ÃyÌ!üܲ
!¢«˛yòyˆÏöÓ˚ Óƒy˛õyÓ˚ê˛y ˆÓ¢ ˆày°ˆÏüˆÏ°
˛õ!Ó˚!fiÌ!ï˛ˆÏï˛ xyˆÏåÈ– !ܲå%È !ܲå%È ˛õòˆÏ«˛˛õ xÓ¢ƒ
ܲÓ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ !Ó!û˛ß¨ Ó˚yˆÏçƒ ~ÓÇ ˆÜ˛w¢y!§ï˛
xM˛ˆÏ°ñ !ӈϢ£Ïï˛ ˆÎáyˆÏö xy!òÓy§#
çöçy!ï˛à%!° §ÇáƒyÎ˚ ˆÓ!¢– ~ !ӣψÏÎ˚
xÓˆÏô¢ Ü%˛üyÓ˚ !ü◊ S2011V ܲ# Ó°ˆÏåÈö
ˆ¢yöy Îyܲ–
Ú!Ó!û˛ß¨ Ó˚yˆÏçƒÓ˚ ˆÎÈÙȧühflÏ ~°yܲyÎ˚
çöçy!ï˛ ˆày¤˛#Ó˚ ˆ°yܲçö xy!ô˛õï˛ƒÜ˛yÓ˚#
xÓfiÌyˆÏö ˆö•z Óy §Çáƒy°â% •ˆÏÎ˚ xyˆÏåÈöñ
ïÑ˛yÓ˚y !öçfl∫ xy!òÓy§# û˛y£Ïy §¡õˆÏÜ≈˛ á%Ó•z
!öã%˛ ôyÓ˚îy ˆ˛õy£Ïî ܲˆÏÓ˚ö– ïÑ˛yÓ˚y §Ó˚y§!Ó˚
Ó˚yˆÏçƒÓ˚ ≤Ãôyö ï˛Ìy ≤Ãyôyöƒ!ÓhflÏyÓ˚ܲyÓ˚#
û˛y£ÏyˆÏï˛•z ≤ÃyÌ!üܲ !¢«˛y°yˆÏû˛Ó˚ ≤Ãï˛ƒy¢#–
Î!òÄ ˆÎÈÙȧühflÏ Ó˚yˆÏçƒ xy!òÓy§#
çöçy!ï˛à%!° xy!ô˛õˆÏï˛ƒÓ˚ çyÎ˚àyÎ˚ Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ
xÌÓy §Çáƒyàï˛û˛yˆÏÓ Óy xöƒ ܲyÓ˚ˆÏî ïÑ˛yˆÏòÓ˚
xÓfiÌyö û˛yˆÏ°yñ ˆ§áyˆÏö ïÑ˛yÓ˚y !öˆÏçˆÏòÓ˚
xy!òÓy§# û˛y£ÏyÎ˚ ≤ÃyÌ!üܲ hflψÏÓ˚ !¢«˛yòyˆÏöÓ˚
à%Ó˚%c §¡õˆÏÜ≈˛ §ˆÏã˛ï˛ö– ïÑ˛yÓ˚y !öˆÏçˆÏòÓ˚
xy!òÓy§# û˛y£Ïyà%!°ˆÏܲ ΈÏÌT˛ à%Ó˚%c ˆòö !ë˛Ü˛•zñ
ï˛Ó% xöƒyöƒ !ӣψÏÎ˚ ÎÌyˆÏÎyàƒ ˛õyë˛ƒ˛õ%hflψÏܲÓ˚ñ
!¢«˛ˆÏܲÓ˚ ~ÓÇ §Ó˚ܲy!Ó˚ §üÌ≈ˆÏöÓ˚ xû˛yˆÏÓó
û˛y£ÏyÓ˚ ≤Ã!üï˛ Ó˚)˛õ Ä ÎÌyˆÏÎyàƒ Óyöyö!Ó!ôÓ˚
xû˛yˆÏÓó Ä•z û˛y£ÏyÎ˚ ≤ÃyÌ!üܲ !¢«˛yòyˆÏö
!öÓ˚%ͧy• ˆÓyô ܲˆÏÓ˚ö– ïÑ˛yÓ˚y üˆÏö ܲˆÏÓ˚ö ˆÎ
~•z xÓfiÌyÎ˚ ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ !¢¢%!ê˛ Î!ò xy!òÓy§#
û˛y£ÏyÎ˚ !¢«˛y°yû˛ ܲˆÏÓ˚ñ ï˛y•ˆÏ° ˆ§ xöƒˆÏòÓ˚
ˆÌˆÏܲ !˛õ!åȈÏÎ˚ ˛õí˛¸ˆÏÓ– ~•z ܲyÓ˚ˆÏî xˆÏöܲ
xy!òÓy§# çöçy!ï˛ñ !ӈϢ£Ïï˛ ÎyÓ˚y §ÇáƒyÓ˚
!òܲ !òˆÏÎ˚ñ §yüy!çܲ !òܲ ˆÌˆÏܲ Óy xöƒ
ˆÜ˛yöÄ Ó˚yˆÏçƒ ÎˆÏÌT˛ ¢!=˛¢y°# xÓfiÌyˆÏö
ˆö•zñ ï˛yÓ˚y üˆÏö ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆÎ •zfl%҈ϰ üyï,˛û˛y£ÏyÎ˚
!¢«˛yÓ˚ ˆÜ˛yöÄ ≤ÈÏÎ˚yçö ˆö•z– ܲyÓ˚î
~ü!öˆÏï˛•z !¢¢%Ó˚y ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ üyï,˛û˛y£Ïy çyˆÏö–Û
~•z üyï,˛û˛y£ÏyÎ˚ !¢«˛yòyˆÏöÓ˚ ≤ß¿!ê˛Ó˚ í˛z_Ó˚
xyüÓ˚y ~áyˆÏö ˆòÄÎ˚yÓ˚ ˆã˛T˛y ܲÓ˚!åÈ öy– ܲyÓ˚î
üyï,˛û˛y£ÏyÎ˚ !¢«˛yÓ˚ ≤ÈÏÎ˚yçö#Î˚ï˛y Ä à%Ó˚%c
ˆàyê˛y ˛õ,!ÌÓ#Ó˚ û˛y£Ïyï˛y!_¥Ü˛Ó˚y û˛yˆÏ°yû˛yˆÏÓ•z
çyˆÏöö– !ܲv ≤ÃyÎ˚•z xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ ò%ÈÙÈ~ܲê˛y ˛≤Èϟ¿Ó˚
§¡ø%á#ö •ˆÏï˛ •Î˚– ˆÎüöñ ~•z§Ó ˆåÈyˆÏê˛yáyˆÏê˛y
x!ܲ!M˛ÍܲÓ˚ û˛y£Ïyà%!° !öˆÏÎ˚ ~ï˛ üyÌyÓƒÌy
ˆÜ˛ö⁄ ˆ§à%ˆÏ°y °%Æ •ˆÏ°•z Óy ܲyÓ˚ ܲ# «˛!ï˛⁄
í˛z_Ó˚yê˛y •° ~•zÓ˚ܲü ı ˛≤Ã!ï˛!ê˛ û˛y£ÏyÓ˚ üˆÏôƒñ
ï˛y ˆ§ !°!áï˛ û˛y£Ïy•z ˆ•yܲ xyÓ˚ ˆüÔ!áܲ
û˛y£y•z ˆ•yܲñ ï˛yÓ˚ §Çfl,Ò!ï˛ÈÙÈ•z!ï˛•y§ÈÙ
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ˆû˛£ÏçK˛yö ~ÓÇ xöƒyöƒ §•çyï˛ ï˛Ìƒ Ä
K˛yö ˆáy!òï˛ ÌyˆÏܲó Îy xˆÏöܲ ¢ï˛y∑# ôˆÏÓ˚
~üö!ܲ •yçyÓ˚ •yçyÓ˚ ÓåÈÓ˚ ôˆÏÓ˚ Ä•z !ӈϢ£Ï
ˆày¤˛#Ó˚ myÓ˚y §!M˛ï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– xï˛~Ó ~ܲ!ê˛
û˛y£ÏyÓ˚ Îáö ü,ï%˛ƒ âˆÏê˛ñ ˆ§!ê˛ ˆÜ˛Ó°üye !ӈϢ£Ï
ˆày¤˛#Ó˚ «˛!ï˛ öÎ˚ñ ~!ê˛ˆÏܲ §ü@ˇÃ üyöÓçy!ï˛Ó˚
«˛!ï˛ ÓˆÏ° !ÓˆÏÓã˛öy ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ– ~ܲüy!eܲ
Óy ~ܲû˛y!£Ïܲ ~ܲ!ê˛ ˛õ,!ÌÓ#Ó˚ ܲÌy xyç !ã˛hsˇy•z
ܲÓ˚y ÎyÎ˚ öy– ܲÓ˚ˆÏ° á%Ó xrôܲyÓ˚ ~ܲ!ê˛ åÈ!Ó
ˆã˛yˆÏá ˆû˛ˆÏ§ ĈÏ벖
≤ÃyÎ˚¢•z Óƒy˛õyÓ˚ê˛y ~ܲê%˛ ç!ê˛° xyܲyÓ˚
ôyÓ˚î ܲˆÏÓ˚ Îáö ~üö x!û˛ˆÏÎyà ܲÓ˚y •Î˚ ˆÎñ
xy!òÓy§# çöçy!ï˛Ó˚ üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚y ˆï˛y !öˆÏçÓ˚y•z
ïÑ˛yˆÏòÓ˚ û˛y£Ïy ÓçyÎ˚ Ó˚yáˆÏï˛ xy@ˇÃ•# ööÊ !ü◊Ä
~ܲÌy í˛zˆÏÕ‘á ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö– ~•z •z§%ƒ!ê˛ˆÏܲ á%Ó
§%®Ó˚ Óƒyáƒy ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö !ӈϢ£ÏK˛ ˆê˛yˆÏû˛ fl%Òê˛öyÓ
ܲyÇày§ (Tove Skutnabb Kangas)
2004 §yˆÏ°Ó˚ çy!ï˛§ÇˆÏâÓ˚ !•í˛züƒyö
ˆí˛ˆÏû˛°˛õˆÏürê˛ !Ó˚ˆÏ˛õyê≈˛§‰ ˆÌˆÏܲ– ~ˆÏï˛ !ï˛!ö
§yÇfl,Ò!ï˛Ü˛ fl∫yô#öï˛yñ û˛y!£Ïܲ x!ôܲyÓ˚ ~ÓÇ
üyöˆÏÓyߨÎ˚ˆÏöÓ˚ xyhsˇÉ§¡õܲ≈!ê˛ ˆòáyˆÏFåÈö ~ÓÇ
Ó°ˆÏåÈö ˆÎ ı Îáö xy!Ì≈ܲñ §yüy!çܲ ~ÓÇ
Ó˚yç˜Ïö!ï˛Ü˛ §«˛üï˛yÓ˚ §Ω˛yÓöy ܲyÓ˚Ä
üyï,˛û˛y£ÏyÓ˚ !ÓÓ˚%ˆÏÂô ~ˆÏ§ òÑyí˛¸yÎ˚ñ ï˛áö ˆ§
ˆày¤˛# fl∫û˛yÓï˛•z xy!ô˛õï˛ƒÜ˛yÓ˚# §Çfl,Ò!ï˛Ó˚
§ˆÏAà !üˆÏ¢ ˆÎˆÏï˛ í˛zͧy• ˆÓyô ܲˆÏÓ˚– ~!ê˛
~ܲ!ê˛ x!ï˛ ¢!=˛¢y°# ≤Ã!Ü ˛Î˚y– Îáö üyö%£ÏˆÏܲ
ï˛yÓ˚ !öˆÏçÓ˚ üyï,˛û˛y£Ïy xÌÓy ï˛yÓ˚ §hsˇyˆÏöÓ˚
û˛!ӣσˆÏï˛Ó˚ üˆÏôƒ ~ܲ!ê˛ˆÏܲ ˆÓˆÏåÈ !öˆÏï˛ Ó°y
•Î˚ñ ï˛áö SÓyôƒ •ˆÏÎ˚V xy!ô˛õï˛ƒÜ˛yÓ˚#
§Çfl,Ò!ï˛ˆÏܲ xy_#ܲÓ˚î ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ Óƒy˛õyÓ˚ê˛y ˆüyˆÏê˛•z
ˆfl∫FåÈy!öÓ≈yã˛ö ӈϰ ôÓ˚y ÎyˆÏÓ öy– ï˛yÓ˚ û˛y!£Ïܲ
x!ôܲyÓ˚ ~ÓÇ ˜Ó£Ï!Î˚ܲ û˛!Ó£ÏƒÍ ò%ˆÏê˛y•z
§%Ó˚!«˛ï˛ ÌyˆÏܲñ ~üö ˆÜ˛yöÄ ÓƒÓfiÌyÎ˚ á%Ó
ܲü xy!òÓy§# çöçy!ï˛ ˆày¤˛#•z ï˛yÓ˚ !öˆÏçÓ˚
û˛y£Ïy ~ÓÇ §Çfl,Ò!ï˛Ó˚ !ÓÓ˚%Âôyã˛Ó˚î ܲÓ˚ˆÏÓ–
ܲÌy ˆ¢£Ï öÎ˚
ˆÜ˛yöÄ x!ôܲyÓ˚•z ~ü!ö ~ü!ö ˛õyÄÎ˚y ÎyÎ˚
öy– ˛õ,!ÌÓ#Ó˚ •z!ï˛•y§ ~!ê˛ ÓyÓ˚ÓyÓ˚ ˆã˛yˆÏá
xyä%° !òˆÏÎ˚ ˆò!áˆÏÎ˚ !òˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– §üyˆÏç Ä
Ó˚yç˜Ïö!ï˛Ü˛ hflψÏÓ˚ ˆÎ xy!ô˛õï˛ƒÜ˛yÓ˚# ܲyë˛yˆÏüy
!Óhfl,Ïï˛ ÌyˆÏܲñ ï˛y !fiÌï˛yÓfiÌyˆÏܲ ˛õy°ˆÏê˛ !òˆÏï˛
˛õyˆÏÓ˚ ~üö §ühflÏ ˛õ!Ó˚Óï≈˛ˆÏöÓ˚ ≤ÈÏã˛T˛yˆÏܲ
xyê˛ˆÏܲ !òˆÏï˛ ã˛yÎ˚– x!ôܲyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ çöƒ xy§ˆÏ°
òy!Ó çyöˆÏï˛ •Î˚– xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ xyˆÏ°yã˛ƒ ~•z
!ӈϢ£Ï x!ôܲyÓ˚!ê˛Ó˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe ~áöÄ xˆÏöܲ ܲyç
Óy!ܲ Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ üyˆÏë˛ñ üˆÏM˛ Ä Óy•zˆÏÓ˚– §Óy•zˆÏܲ
~ܲê˛y ܲÌy Ó%é˛ˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ ˆÎñ û˛y!£Ïܲ ˜Ó!ã˛eƒ
ç#Ó˜ÏÓ!ã˛ˆÏeƒÓ˚ üˆÏï˛y•z à%Ó˚%c˛õ)î≈ ~ÓÇ
x˛õ!Ó˚•yÎ≈– xyç Î!ò çöçyï˛#Î˚ û˛y£Ïyà%!°
üˆÏÓ˚ ˆÎˆÏï˛ ÌyˆÏܲñ xyüÓ˚y ~ܲy!ôܲ üyeyÎ˚
Ü ˛ü¢ ò!Ó˚o ˆÌˆÏܲ ò!Ó˚oï˛Ó˚ •ˆÏÎ˚ ˆÎˆÏï˛ ÌyܲӖ
xï˛~Ó òy!Î˚cê˛y Óï≈˛yˆÏFåÈ xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ §Ü˛ˆÏ°Ó˚
IJõˆÏÓ˚ñ ÎyÓẙ xhsˇï˛ !ܲå%Èê˛y ~•z §ü§ƒyê˛y Ó%é˛ˆÏï˛
§,!T˛Ó˚ ~Ü%˛¢ ¢ï˛Ü˛ • ç%°y•z 2021
13
˛õyÓ˚!åÈ– àï˛ÓåÈÓ˚ ˆây!£Ïï˛ çyï˛#Î˚ !¢«˛y ö#!ï˛
S2020V xhsˇï˛ ~ܲ!ê˛ Óƒy˛õyˆÏÓ˚ xy¢yÓ˚ xyˆÏ°y
ˆò!áˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– ~ˆÏï˛ ≤Ã!ï˛!ê˛ !¢¢%ˆÏܲ ≤ÃÌü ˛õÑyã˛
ÓåȈÏÓ˚Ó˚ !¢«˛y ï˛yÓ˚ üyï,˛û˛y£ÏyÓ˚ üyôƒˆÏü
ˆòÄÎ˚yÓ˚ ܲÌy Ó°y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– !ܲv xyüyˆÏòÓ˚
üˆÏï˛y ˆòˆÏ¢ §ü§ƒy!ê˛Ó˚ !Ó¢y°ï˛y xö%û˛Ó ܲˆÏÓ˚
!ܲå%Èê˛y §ˆÏ®• ˆÌˆÏܲ•z ÎyÎ˚ñ !ӈϢ£Ïï˛ ˆ§•z§Ó
Ó˚yˆÏçƒ Óy ~°yܲyÎ˚ ˆÎáyˆÏö Ó•% çöçyï˛#Î˚
û˛y£ÏyÎ˚ üyö%£Ï ܲÌy ӈϰ ÌyˆÏܲ– ï˛yÓ˚ IJõÓ˚
§Ç!Óôyö xö%ÎyÎ˚# !¢«˛y •ˆÏFåÈ ~üö ~ܲ!ê˛
!Ó£ÏÎ˚ñ Îy ˆÜ˛w Ä Ó˚yçƒ ò%ˆÏÎ˚Ó˚•z òy!Î˚ˆÏc ˛õˆÏí˛¸–
xï˛~Ó ˛õ!Ó˚ܲ“öy ÎÑyÓ˚y ܲÓ˚ˆÏ°ö xyÓ˚ ≤ÈÏÎ˚yà
ÎyÓ˚y ܲÓ˚ˆÏÓöñ ïÑ˛yÓ˚y •ˆÏFåÈö xy°yòy xy°yòy
~ˆÏç!ó xÌ≈yÍ xyüÓ˚y ~áöÄ Ú!ò!Õ‘ ò)Ó˚ xhflÏÛ
˛õÎ≈yˆÏÎ˚ xy!åÈ– xyÓyÓ˚ ~ܲÌyÄ ˆ¢yöy ÎyˆÏFåÈ
ˆÎ ~•z ÓƒÓfiÌy!ê˛ xy§ˆÏ° §%ˆÏÜ˛Ô¢ˆÏ°
x!•!®û˛y£Ï# çöàˆÏîÓ˚ IJõÓ˚ !•!® ã˛y!˛õˆÏÎ˚
ˆòÓyÓ˚ ~ܲ!ê˛ ≤ÈÏã˛T˛y– ˆò¢ §!ë˛Ü˛ !ò¢yÎ˚ ~ˆÏàyˆÏFåÈ
!ܲöy ï˛yÓ˚ í˛z_Ó˚ xö!ï˛ò)Ó˚ û˛!ӣσˆÏï˛Ó˚ àˆÏû≈˛•z
ˆ°áy xyˆÏåÈ ÓˆÏê˛ñ ï˛ˆÏÓ xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ ≤ÈÏï˛ƒˆÏܲÓ˚•z
!ܲå%È !ܲå%È Ü˛Ó˚î#Î˚ ˆÌˆÏܲ ÎyÎ˚ Ó•z ܲ#Ê
ï˛Ìƒ§)e
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Teaching (ELT) in North-East India
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Discourse : Culture, Literature and
Pedagogy in North-East India. Eds,
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Bhubaneshwar : Magnolia. 167-76
–2021. ‘Language Rights and the
Indigenous Communities of India.’
International Journal of Dravidian
Linguistics, 50(1) : 176-87.
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‘Annual Report to the United Nations
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Rights of Linguistic Minorities : A
Practical Guide for Implementation,
2017. Geneva : United Nations.
Language Rights of Linguistic
Minorities : A Practical Guide for
Implementation, 2017. Handbook by
the United Nations Special
Rapporteur on minority issues.
Geneva : United Nations.
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Languages and Tribal Language
Education at Elementary Level in
India. New Delhi : Lakshi Publishers.
Rao, Giridhar. 2010. ‘Linguistic
Human Rights in India : Policy and
Practice.’ Languaging 1(1) : 1-17.
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Agarwal. 2010. ‘Social Science
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(42) October 2010: 36-40.