The German Energiewende

The German Energiewende | 19
Employment and the economy
“Won’t a lot of people
lose their jobs because
of the Energiewende?”
High investments in all types of
renewable energy plants
Annual investments in power-generating plants in Germany
in billions of euros
Jobs provided by renewable energies
Jobs in Germany in 2016
160,200
Wind energy
338,600
jobs
105,600
45,200
Biomass
Solar energy
4.6
2000
27.3
2010
15.1
2016
20,300
Geothermal energy
7,300
Hydropower
No, quite the opposite. The Energiewende makes economic sense as
well: it reduces environmental pollution and greenhouse gas emissions,
fosters innovation, increases value-added in Germany, and
avoids the costs of importing energy. Most of the revenue from the
development of renewable energies and energy-efficiency building
improvements stays in the local area, as the labour-intensive work
involved, such as installation and maintenance, is provided by firms
from the region.
Some of these new positions are replacing jobs in industries where
fossil fuels play a major role, particularly in oil, gas and coal extraction,
as well as in electricity generation. There have also been general
structural changes. For example, the liberalisation of Europe’s energy
markets has increased competition. This means that companies need
to be more efficient. All of these factors are also bringing about changes
in the workplace. The number of employees in the conventional energy
sector has declined in recent years as a result.
The development of renewable energy and investments in energy
efficiency create new professions and jobs in future growth sectors.
The energy-efficiency measures carried out in trade, industry and
buildings alone have generated over 560,000 jobs, while investments
in renewable energy more than doubled the number of employees in
the sector within a period of ten years.
2003
Europe adopts a binding emissions trading
system for greenhouse gases.
2004
The renewable energy sector employs
160,000 people in Germany.