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Risikovurdering i 2. trimester vedr. Downs syndrom - DFMS

Risikovurdering i 2. trimester vedr. Downs syndrom - DFMS

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Jona JZ. Allantoic cyst and persistent urachal-allantoic communication: a rare umbilical anomaly. J<br />

Pediatr Surg 1998; 33:1441-144<strong>2.</strong><br />

Fuchs F et al. Prenatal diagnosis of a patent urachus cyst with the use of 2D, 3D, 4D ultrasound<br />

and fetal magnetic resonance imaging. Fetal Diagn Ther 2008;24: 444-447.<br />

Zangen R et al. Umbilical cord cysts in the second and third <strong>trimester</strong>s: significance and prenatal<br />

approach. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2010;36: 296-301.<br />

Pyelektasi DQ620C, DQ620D<br />

Pyelektasi defineres i forhold til risiko for Down <strong>syndrom</strong> som et nyrepelvis med anteroposterior<br />

diameter ≥ 4 mm i et transverselt snit. Skønsmæssigt har ca. 17 % af fostre med Down <strong>syndrom</strong><br />

pyelektasi. Isoleret pyelaktasi ses imidlertid kun sjældent hos DS fostre, i tre separate studier er<br />

dette kun angivet i 1:300 fostre med isoleret pyelaktasi. Skønt LR angives til 1,9 i Smith-Bindmans<br />

store metaanalyse, gik CI under 1,0, hvilket har medført, at man altså nu ikke betragter pyelektasi<br />

som en brugbar markør for DS, når den optræder isoleret.(Evidensgrad I)<br />

Referencer for pyelektasi:<br />

M. Bethune. Literature Review and suggested protocol for managing ultrasound soft markers for<br />

Down <strong>syndrom</strong>e: Thickened nuchal fold, echogenic bowel, shortened femur, shortened humerus,<br />

pyelectasis and absent or hypoplastic nasal bone. Australas Radiol. 2007;51:324-9.<br />

Benacerraf BR.. The history of the second-<strong>trimester</strong> sonographic markers for detecting fetal Down<br />

<strong>syndrom</strong>e, and their current role in obstetric practice. Prenat. Diagn.2010;30: 644-65<strong>2.</strong><br />

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