12. Exkurs: Die Frankfurter Schule - Zentral- und Landesbibliothek ...

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1212 PEGUY: TIEDEMANN-BARTELS, Hella, Verwaltete
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Paul Ricoeur (1913)
Jean Paul Gustave Ricoeur was born on
February 27, 1913, at Valence, France. He
lost both his parents within his first few
years of his life and was raised with his
sister Alice by his paternal grandparents,
both of whom were devout Protestants.
Ricoeur was a bookish child and successful
student. He was awarded a scholarship
to study at the Sorbonne in 1934, and afterwards
was appointed to his first teaching
position at Colmar, Alsace. While at the
Sorbonne he first met Gabriel Marcel, who
was to become a lifelong friend and philosophical
influence. In 1935 he was married
to Simone Lejas, with whom he has raised
five children.
Ricoeur served in World War 2 – most of
which was spent as a prisoner of war – and
was awarded the Croix de Guerre. He was
interred with Mikel Dufrenne, with whom
he later wrote a book on the work of Karl
Jaspers. After the war Ricoeur returned to
teaching, taking positions at the University of Strasbourg, the Sorbonne, University
of Paris at Nanterre, the University of Louvain and University of Chicago.
Ricoeur is a traditional philosopher in the sense that his work is highly systematic
and steeped in the classics of Western philosophy. His is a reflective philosophy,
that is, one that considers the most fundamental philosophical problems to
concern self-understanding. While Ricoeur retains subjectivity at the heart of philosophy,
his is no abstract Cartesian-style subject; the subject is always a situated
subject, an embodied being anchored in a named and dated physical, historical and
social world. For this reason his work is sometimes described as philosophical anthropology.
Ricoeur is a post-structuralist hermeneutic philosopher who employs a model of
textuality as the framework for his analysis of meaning, which extends across writing,
speech, art and action. Ricoeur considers human understanding to be cogent
only to the extent that it implicitly deploys structures and strategies characteristic
of textuality. It is Ricoeur’s view that our self-understandings, and indeed history
itself , are “fictive”, that is, subject to the productive effects of the imagination