Download - IVT - ETH Zürich

Forschungsarbeiten
2.3 Methodology for evaluating cost and accuracy
of parking patrol surveys
Gruppe Strassenverkehrstechnik
In patrol surveys, patrolling observers check the parking area every δ minutes (i.e., at fixed time intervals)
and record the plate number of the car occupying each stall. To find the average parking duration T – , an estimated
value T˜ is obtained by averaging the duration of each car observed. Although the results are biased
because of known reasons (i.e., short duration parkers are under sampled; and the duration of an observed
vehicle is only approximate), the survey accuracy is unknown, making it impossible to evaluate the survey.
However, very often, a trade-off between survey accuracy and survey cost must be made. By analyzing the
relation between the error and relative labor cost, we provide several suggestions to practitioners to help
them obtain high quality results from the patrol survey while keeping costs to a minimum.
By defining three dimensionless variables: survey intensity X , survey error Y, and relative cost Z, the relation
between those three key elements can be further analyzed.
• X defines the level of checking frequency based on individual parking areas
• Y measures the error of the estimated average parking duration compared to the real value
• Z reflects the labor cost of the survey
Given a parking area, a higher checking frequency (i.e., a larger X) corresponds to a smaller error (i.e., a
smaller Y), but it requires a higher budget (i.e., a larger Z). The value of X ranges from 0 to 1, X = 1 is equivalent
to continuous observation (e.g., video camera), the survey contains perfect parking information, so
survey error Y=0. The relation among X, Y and Z can be found based on our analysis. The key factor to the
relation is the shape parameter of gamma distribution, k. This can be suggested or assumed based on
parking purpose, land use information, etc.
Data from two parking areas (Max-Bill-Platz, Zurich, Switzerland with 60 stalls; and Ballston Garage, Arlington,
U.S., with 2800 stalls) were used to validate the model. Given that the parking durations follow a
gamma distribution, the real data matched the theoretical curves quite well (see figure below).
Model Validation using real data (Relation between survey error Y and survey intensity X)
14 IVT Jahresbericht 2012