Gas Disks and Supermassive Black Holes in Nearby Radio Galaxies

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a galaxy recessional velocity of 6490 km s −1 . The model velocity profiles for these observations are shown in Figure 4.31. It is not clear that the modeled velocity profiles match any of the observed kinematics in the nuclear region. NGC 4261: This E2-3 galaxy has a nuclear dust disk. The STIS slits were aligned parallel to the galaxy major axis, 5 ◦ from the dust disk axis. Due to a pointing error, the center of the galaxy was not positioned well during the observations and fell closest to one of the side slits. We are unable to constrain where the center fell precisely, however we show the model velocity profiles for the observations in that side slit alone in Figure 4.32. In the observed velocity profile a central velocity gradient is observed which seems as if it may correspond to gas rotating in the potential generated by a ∼ 1 × 10 8 M⊙ black hole. We take this to be a lower limit on the mass as the galaxy nucleus may be beyond the observed slit positions. NGC 4335: This elliptical galaxy has a nuclear dust disk. The STIS slits were aligned parallel to the galaxy major axis, 11 ◦ from the dust disk axis. The weighted mean observation - model residuals are plotted in Figure 4.10 and gives a minimum at an offset of 50 km s −1 , equivalent to a galaxy recessional velocity of 4723 km s −1 . The model velocity profiles for these observations are shown in Figure 4.33. The 166
gas velocities are very well settled into a smooth rotation curve, however no nuclear black hole is necessary to explain the observed kinematics. There is a possible sign of a jet-disk interaction in the velocity field of this galaxy which is described in §4.43 below. M84: This E1 galaxy has nuclear dust lane. The STIS slits were aligned approx- imately perpendicular to the radio jets, 25 ◦ from the dust lane axis. The weighted mean observation - model residuals are plotted in Figure 4.11 and gives a minimum at an offset of −83 km s −1 , equivalent to a galaxy recessional velocity of 1072 km s −1 . The model velocity profiles for these observations are shown in Figure 4.34. In the observed velocity profile a central velocity gradient is observed which seems as if it may correspond to gas rotating in the potential generated by a M• > 9×10 8 M⊙ black hole. The proximity of this galaxy highlights many of the problems in interpreting spectra from nearby sources where the steep flux profile becomes more resolved and issues relating to the PSF and precise positioning of the slits (which is not known) become important (see also Maciejewski & Binney, 2001). NGC 4486: This elliptical galaxy has an irregular nuclear dust morphology. The STIS slits were aligned to trace morphological features in the emission line gas. The 167
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Gas Disks and Supermassive Black Ho
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Abstract Gas Disks and Supermassive
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Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Radio
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4.2.3 Stellar luminosity densities
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List of Tables 1.1 Properties of va
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5.1 Weighted mean kinematic paramet
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2.12 Optical continuum image of the
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4.14 Data-Model residuals with vary
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Acknowledgments First I would like,
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Chapter 1 Introduction The relation
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1.1 Radio galaxies A radio galaxy c
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This thesis focuses on a sample of
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et al., 2000; Tomita et al., 2000;
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larger than the generally expected
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most reliable is, of course, by the
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galaxies were obtained with the Fai
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• What connections can be found b
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Table 1.2. Reliable black hole mass
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Figure 1.2 An example of a FR-I (le
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Figure 1.4 From Martel et al. (2000
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Figure 1.6 The famous cartoon by Ph
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M BH (M Sun) 10 10 10 9 10 8 10 7 1
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dish flux density measurements at 1
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2.2.1 Radio properties Radio observ
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scribed by Verdoes Kleijn et al. (1
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Table 2.2. Multiwavelength Fluxes o
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0.5" Figure 2.1 Optical continuum i
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0.5" Figure 2.11 Optical continuum
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Chapter 3 STIS spectroscopy of the
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spectra in a future paper. We inclu
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3.2.1 Data Reduction We used the st
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λvac − λair λair = 6.4328 × 1
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line flux of the Hα line and colum
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3.3.3 Quantifying error sources The
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and velocity dispersions (dominated
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slits were aligned to a mean of the
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windows. The central kinematic and
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(slit one) than the central positio
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(see key in Figure 3.1 for an expla
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the gas exhibits a regular rotation
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show the relationship between the t
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3.5.2 Flux ratios and ionization In
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them to the samples of LINERS by Ho
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lines. 5. Flux-unconstrained Broad
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Table 3.1. HST-STIS G750M observing
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Table 3.3. Position angles of vario
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Table 3.5. NGC 193: Measured Parame
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Table 3.11. NGC 2329: Measured Para
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Table 3.15. UGC 7115: Measured Para
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Page 133 and 134: Table 3.27. Presence of a Nuclear B
Page 135 and 136: Table 3.29. Fits to the central pix
Page 137 and 138: Table 3.31. Comparison of broad lin
Page 139 and 140: (a) (b) (i) (ii) (c) (i) (ii) (iii)
Page 141 and 142: Intensity (erg s −1 cm −2 Å
Page 161 and 162: Difference in mean velocity on each
Page 163 and 164: Mean velocity dispersion (km s -1 )
Page 165 and 166: Chapter 4 Modeling gas in gravitati
Page 167 and 168: 4.2 Thin disk models with and witho
Page 169 and 170: gas disks were computed by making a
Page 171 and 172: intensity contours are aligned conc
Page 173 and 174: 4.2.4 Dynamical models As discussed
Page 175 and 176: are described in Appendix A of van
Page 177 and 178: models integrating using 150 by 150
Page 179 and 180: models. Pronounced differences can
Page 181 and 182: NGC 383: This S0 galaxy has a nucle
Page 183: at an offset of 80 km s −1 , equi
Page 187 and 188: NGC 5141: This S0 galaxy has a nucl
Page 189 and 190: e compatible with a ∼ 9 × 10 8 M
Page 191 and 192: hole masses for these galaxies. The
Page 193 and 194: numerical approaches they made the
Page 195 and 196: In the positive offset slit of NGC
Page 197 and 198: 4.5 Conclusions In this chapter we
Page 199 and 200: low statistical significance) possi
Page 201 and 202: Table 4.2. STIS PSF Parameters. Gau
Page 203 and 204: Table 4.4. Mass to light ratio (Υ)
Page 205 and 206: Table 4.6. Black hole signatures in
Page 207 and 208: weighted 600 500 400 300 200 100 =
Page 211 and 212: weighted 500 400 300 200 100 = 0. k
Page 213 and 214: weighted 500 400 300 200 100 = 37.
Page 215 and 216: weighted 500 400 300 200 100 = 50.
Page 219 and 220: weighted 500 400 300 200 100 = -50.
Page 221 and 222: weighted 800 600 400 200 = 280. km
Page 223 and 224: weighted 500 400 300 200 100 = -47.
Page 225 and 226: Gas Radial Velocity (km s -1 ) 400
Page 227 and 228: Gas Radial Velocity (km s -1 ) Gas
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Gas Radial Velocity (km s -1 ) Gas
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Gas Radial Velocity (km s -1 ) 300
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v r (km s −1 ) 5000 4800 4600 440
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v r (km s −1 ) 4700 4600 4500 440
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M BH (M Sun) 10 10 10 9 10 8 10 7 1
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We showed that the mean dispersions
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within 100 pc of the nucleus: � N
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as face on disks are approached; th
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the inclination of the dust disk. O
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where we observe smaller and larger
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on scales of 1/8 the Effective radi
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may have some connections with the
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is well correlated with σc (correl
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e primarily driven by the central e
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organized rotation. This supports t
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Table 5.1. Weighted mean kinematic
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Table 5.3. Correlations between kin
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σ100 (km s -1 −−− ) 500 400
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−−− 2 2 σ100 / ∆100 100.00
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ε 100 (km s -1 ) 250 200 150 100 5
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∆ 100 (km s -1 ) 500 400 300 200
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ε 100 (km s -1 ) 250 200 150 100 5
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V-Band I-Band VLA Peak VLBA Peak 10
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42 41 40 39 38 M87 nuclear SED 37 8
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ased on the gas kinematics? • How
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emaining galaxies may be of particu
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in nearby galaxies, and is being us
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of the features observed in the vel
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From the work presented in this dis
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Comparing samples of active and qui
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Bower, G. A., Green, R. F., Danks,
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Herrnstein, J. R., Moran, J. M., Gr
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Quataert, E., & Narayan, R. 2001, A
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Gas Disks and Supermassive Black Holes in Nearby Radio Galaxies

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