Gas Disks and Supermassive Black Holes in Nearby Radio Galaxies

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predicted profiles to the observed velocity profiles from the above spectra and found kinematic signatures compatible with black holes > 1 × 10 8 solar masses in 53% of the sample (in the remaining galaxies we are unable to rule in or out the presence of a nuclear black hole). We suspect that flow is a significant factor in the nucleus of NGC 2329. We found hints of jet-disk interaction in 24% of the sample nuclei and signs of twists or warps in 19% of the sample nuclei. 24% of the velocity profiles show signs of multiple distinct kinematic components. We suggest that the gas disks in nearby radio galaxies are generally not well settled systems in the equitorial plane of the gravitational potentials. We characterize the kinematic state of the nuclear gas through three weighted mean parameters, and find that again the disks appear not to be well settled. We show evidence of a connection between the stellar and gas velocity dispersions. We show correlations in the nuclear fluxes from the Radio to the X-ray regimes, suggesting a common origin (e.g. accretion disks or jet bases) for the nuclear fluxes. We find agreement with the work of others that the nuclear flux and black hole masses are not correlated, though the width of the broad components, described above may correlate with the nuclear flux.
Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Radio galaxies 3 1.2 Nuclear dust and gas 6 1.3 Connections to supermassive black holes 10 1.4 This dissertation 14 2 The UGC FR-I Sample 26 2.1 Sample selection and properties 26 2.2 Multiwavelength observations 28 2.2.1 Radio properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 2.2.2 Optical properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 2.3 Stellar Dynamics 30 3 STIS spectroscopy of the emission line gas in the nuclei i
Page 1 and 2: Gas Disks and Supermassive Black Ho
Page 3: Abstract Gas Disks and Supermassive
Page 7 and 8: 4.2.3 Stellar luminosity densities
Page 9 and 10: List of Tables 1.1 Properties of va
Page 11 and 12: 5.1 Weighted mean kinematic paramet
Page 13 and 14: 2.12 Optical continuum image of the
Page 15 and 16: 4.14 Data-Model residuals with vary
Page 17 and 18: Acknowledgments First I would like,
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 1 Introduction The relation
Page 21 and 22: 1.1 Radio galaxies A radio galaxy c
Page 23 and 24: This thesis focuses on a sample of
Page 25 and 26: et al., 2000; Tomita et al., 2000;
Page 27 and 28: larger than the generally expected
Page 29 and 30: most reliable is, of course, by the
Page 31 and 32: galaxies were obtained with the Fai
Page 33 and 34: • What connections can be found b
Page 35 and 36: Table 1.2. Reliable black hole mass
Page 37 and 38: Figure 1.2 An example of a FR-I (le
Page 39 and 40: Figure 1.4 From Martel et al. (2000
Page 41 and 42: Figure 1.6 The famous cartoon by Ph
Page 43 and 44: M BH (M Sun) 10 10 10 9 10 8 10 7 1
Page 45 and 46: dish flux density measurements at 1
Page 47 and 48: 2.2.1 Radio properties Radio observ
Page 49 and 50: scribed by Verdoes Kleijn et al. (1
Page 51 and 52: Table 2.2. Multiwavelength Fluxes o
Page 53 and 54: 0.5" Figure 2.1 Optical continuum i
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0.5" Figure 2.3 Optical continuum i
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0.5" Figure 2.11 Optical continuum
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Chapter 3 STIS spectroscopy of the
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spectra in a future paper. We inclu
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3.2.1 Data Reduction We used the st
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λvac − λair λair = 6.4328 × 1
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line flux of the Hα line and colum
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3.3.3 Quantifying error sources The
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and velocity dispersions (dominated
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slits were aligned to a mean of the
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windows. The central kinematic and
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(slit one) than the central positio
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(see key in Figure 3.1 for an expla
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the gas exhibits a regular rotation
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show the relationship between the t
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3.5.2 Flux ratios and ionization In
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them to the samples of LINERS by Ho
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lines. 5. Flux-unconstrained Broad
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Table 3.1. HST-STIS G750M observing
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Table 3.3. Position angles of vario
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Table 3.5. NGC 193: Measured Parame
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Table 3.11. NGC 2329: Measured Para
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Table 3.15. UGC 7115: Measured Para
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Table 3.27. Presence of a Nuclear B
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Table 3.29. Fits to the central pix
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Table 3.31. Comparison of broad lin
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(a) (b) (i) (ii) (c) (i) (ii) (iii)
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Intensity (erg s −1 cm −2 Å
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Difference in mean velocity on each
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Mean velocity dispersion (km s -1 )
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Chapter 4 Modeling gas in gravitati
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4.2 Thin disk models with and witho
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gas disks were computed by making a
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intensity contours are aligned conc
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4.2.4 Dynamical models As discussed
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are described in Appendix A of van
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models integrating using 150 by 150
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models. Pronounced differences can
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NGC 383: This S0 galaxy has a nucle
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at an offset of 80 km s −1 , equi
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gas velocities are very well settle
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NGC 5141: This S0 galaxy has a nucl
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e compatible with a ∼ 9 × 10 8 M
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hole masses for these galaxies. The
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numerical approaches they made the
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In the positive offset slit of NGC
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4.5 Conclusions In this chapter we
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low statistical significance) possi
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Table 4.2. STIS PSF Parameters. Gau
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Table 4.4. Mass to light ratio (Υ)
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Table 4.6. Black hole signatures in
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weighted 600 500 400 300 200 100 =
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weighted 600 500 400 300 200 100 =
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weighted 500 400 300 200 100 = 0. k
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weighted 500 400 300 200 100 = 37.
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weighted 500 400 300 200 100 = 50.
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weighted 600 500 400 300 200 100 =
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weighted 500 400 300 200 100 = -50.
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weighted 800 600 400 200 = 280. km
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weighted 500 400 300 200 100 = -47.
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Gas Radial Velocity (km s -1 ) 400
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Gas Radial Velocity (km s -1 ) Gas
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Gas Radial Velocity (km s -1 ) 300
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v r (km s −1 ) 5000 4800 4600 440
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v r (km s −1 ) 4700 4600 4500 440
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M BH (M Sun) 10 10 10 9 10 8 10 7 1
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We showed that the mean dispersions
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within 100 pc of the nucleus: � N
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as face on disks are approached; th
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the inclination of the dust disk. O
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where we observe smaller and larger
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on scales of 1/8 the Effective radi
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may have some connections with the
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is well correlated with σc (correl
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e primarily driven by the central e
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organized rotation. This supports t
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Table 5.1. Weighted mean kinematic
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Table 5.3. Correlations between kin
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σ100 (km s -1 −−− ) 500 400
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−−− 2 2 σ100 / ∆100 100.00
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ε 100 (km s -1 ) 250 200 150 100 5
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∆ 100 (km s -1 ) 500 400 300 200
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ε 100 (km s -1 ) 250 200 150 100 5
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V-Band I-Band VLA Peak VLBA Peak 10
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42 41 40 39 38 M87 nuclear SED 37 8
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ased on the gas kinematics? • How
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emaining galaxies may be of particu
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in nearby galaxies, and is being us
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of the features observed in the vel
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From the work presented in this dis
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Comparing samples of active and qui
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Bower, G. A., Green, R. F., Danks,
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Herrnstein, J. R., Moran, J. M., Gr
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Quataert, E., & Narayan, R. 2001, A
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Gas Disks and Supermassive Black Holes in Nearby Radio Galaxies

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