The Changing Structure of the Electric Power Industry 2000: An ... - EIA

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Table 4. Energy Supply Participants and Their Operations, 1998 (Continued) 20 Participants/Operations Number of Companies Percent of All Utilities Distribute Only Utilities Only Investor Owned .................................. 34 1.1 Federal ........................................ 1 0.0 Publicly Owned .................................. 1,358 42.8 Cooperatives .................................... 735 23.2 Total ......................................... 2,128 67.1 Other e Utilities Only Investor Owned .................................. 6 0.2 Publicly Owned .................................. 2 0.1 Total ......................................... 8 0.2 Power Marketers f .................................. Figure 9. Service Areas of Investor-Owned Utilities, 1998 Bonneville Power Admin. Western Area Power Admin. g 400 �� a An electricity generator is a facility that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. b An electricity transmitter moves or transfers electric energy over an interconnected group of lines and associated equipment between points of supply and points at which it is transformed for delivery to consumers or is delivered to other electric systems. Transmission is considered to end when the energy is transformed for distribution to the consumer. c An electricity distributor delivers electric energy to an end user. d This figure represents the percentage of nonutilities rather than utilities. e “Other” includes maintenance service companies for parent utilities that perform such functions as guard services, equipment maintenance, etc. Also, one of the publicly owned utilities in this category acts as an agent to buy and schedule power for the parent utility. f An electricity power marketer buys and sells electricity but does not own or operate generation, transmission, or distribution facilities. g In 1998, about 400 power marketers filed rate tariffs with FERC, of which 111 reported wholesale sales and 49 reported retail sales. Currently, over 850 power marketers have filed rate tariffs with FERC. -- = Not applicable. Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-861, “Annual Electric Utility Report,” and Form EIA-860B, “Annual Electric Generator Report � Nonutility.” Source: Resource Data International, 1998. Figure 10. Service Areas of Federal Utilities, 1998 USBIA-San Carlos Mission Valley Power Southwestern Power Admin. USCE-Detroit Dist. Energy Information Administration/ The Changing Structure of the Electric Power Industry 2000: An Update Tennessee Valley Authority Southeastern Power Admin. Source: EIA, Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels. Based on data contained in Form EIA-412, “Annual Report of Public Electric Utilities.”
from other utilities and market large quantities in the wholesale market to groups of utilities within their States at lower prices than the individual utilities would otherwise pay. Large concentrations of publicly owned power districts are in the Midwest and Eastern regions of the United States (Figure 11). In general, publicly owned utilities tend to have lower costs than investor-owned utilities because they often have access to tax-free financing and do not pay certain taxes or dividends. They also tend to have high-density service areas. Figure 11. Publicly Owned Utilities in the United States, 1998 Source: EIA, Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternative Fuels. Based on data contained in Form EIA-412, “Annual Report of Public Electric Utilities.” Rural Electric Cooperatives Most rural electric cooperative utilities are formed and owned by groups of residents in rural areas to supply power to those areas (Figure 12). Some cooperatives may be owned by a number of other cooperatives. There are really three types of cooperatives: (1) distribution only, (2) distribution with power supply, and (3) generation and transmission. Cooperatives currently operate in 47 States, and they represent 29 percent of the total number of utilities in the country. Most distribution cooperatives resemble municipal utilities in that they often do not generate electricity, but purchase it from other utilities. The other type (generating and transmission cooperatives) are usually referred to as “power supply cooperatives.” These cooperatives are usually owned by 25 Form EIA-861, “Annual Electric Utility Report,” 1998. Figure 12. Service Areas of Cooperative Utilities, 1998 Source: National Rural Electric Cooperative Association’s website at http://www.nreca.org (1998). the distribution cooperatives to whom they supply wholesale power. Distribution cooperatives resemble Federal utilities, supplying electricity to other utility consumers from their generating capability. Non-Federal Power Marketers The introduction of the competitive wholesale market for electricity has brought about a fifth subcategory of electric utilities�power marketers. They are classified as electric utilities because they buy and sell electricity at the wholesale and retail levels. However, they do not own or operate generation, transmission, or distribution facilities, and therefore, their data (primarily electricity purchase and sales data) are not included in this chapter. Although relatively small in terms of volume of sales, the power marketers are a growing segment of the industry. Currently, over 850 power marketers have filed rate tariffs with FERC to sell electric power, but only approximately 160 were actively engaged in retail and/or wholesale sales during 1998. 25 Nonutilities Nonutilities are privately owned entities that generate power for their own use and/or for sale to utilities and others. Nonutilities can be classified in two distinct ways. One approach separates nonutilities into separate categories based on their classification by FERC and the type of technology they employ: (1) cogenerators and (2) small power producers, both of which are qualifying facilities (QFs) because they meet certain criteria set Energy Information Administration/ The Changing Structure of the Electric Power Industry 2000: An Update 21
Page 1 and 2: DOE/EIA-0562(00) Distribution Categ
Page 3 and 4: Section 205(a)(2) of the Department
Page 5 and 6: Contents (Continued) Page Appendice
Page 7 and 8: The U.S. electric power industry, t
Page 9 and 10: Figure ES2. Status of State Electri
Page 11 and 12: egulation coexist. Chapter 2 presen
Page 13 and 14: 2. Historical Overview of the Elect
Page 15 and 16: Table 1. Percentage Change Between
Page 17 and 18: Generation of electricity 3. The U.
Page 19 and 20: Figure 3. Prime Movers of Electrici
Page 21 and 22: California’s tight restrictions o
Page 23 and 24: follow the directions of NERC. The
Page 25 and 26: Table 2. Major Characteristics of U
Page 27: Table 4. Energy Supply Participants
Page 31 and 32: Figure 13. Shares of Nonutility Nam
Page 33 and 34: Figure 15. Total Utility and Nonuti
Page 35 and 36: Figure 17. Electric Utility Wholesa
Page 37 and 38: 33 PUHCA and PURPA are now being ta
Page 39 and 40: (2) such holding company is predomi
Page 41 and 42: a new avoided cost for purchased po
Page 43 and 44: Major Federal Legislation Affecting
Page 45 and 46: a SEPA markets power in West Virgin
Page 47 and 48: Part II: The U.S. Electric Power In
Page 49 and 50: Figure 23. Status of State Electric
Page 51 and 52: Figure 25. Average Revenue per Kilo
Page 53 and 54: 6. Federal Legislative Initiatives
Page 55 and 56: for establishing the reliability st
Page 57 and 58: Those who are against outright repe
Page 59 and 60: The Comprehensive Electricity Compe
Page 61 and 62: Table 8. Proposed Legislation Influ
Page 67 and 68: 62 Table 9. Overview of the Federal
Page 69 and 70: on the same basis and under the sam
Page 71 and 72: and a half. 86 The overwhelming maj
Page 73 and 74: transmission system, and achieve fu
Page 75 and 76: 70 Table 12. Summary of Major Provi
Page 77 and 78: 72 Table 12. Summary of Major Provi
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company (Transco) model. With the I
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Table 13. Selected Information on I
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78 � Recently, � In FERC accept
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approved more than 850 applications
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up, and, at the same time, deregula
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is publicly available. The PX then
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companies were required to report t
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price that each utility pays for su
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Kentucky In December 1999, Kentucky
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92 Energy Information Administratio
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Page 101 and 102:
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Figure 29. Concentration of Ownersh
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100 Energy Information Administrati
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Table 17. Overview of Strategic Ben
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Table 18. Government Agencies Respo
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competition. Some States have passe
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expected as some of the pending mer
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Appendix A History of the U.S. Elec
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areas and towns with populations un
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New technology introduced during th
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From 1980 through 1984, net electri
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Appendix C Pending Federal Restruct
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� Establishes a fund within the D
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mation and that prohibit discrimina
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dioxide, mercury, and sulfate fine
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H.R. 2944 Electricity Competition a
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� Prescribes specifics regarding
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if conflict arises. Authorizes TVA
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� Directs the Department of Energ
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Appendix D Electric Power Industry
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on a number of subject areas, inclu
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Table D1. Electric Power Industry S
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