DOE-2 Engineers Manual Version 2.1A - DOE-2.com

More documents

Recommendations

Info

RES (i ) o and is unused in DOE-2 W M Output Parameters d F = dS [M]s = -W FF = [M] s = -W s = -W is where [M] and d[M]/ds are evaluated number of 1 ayer s F and FF are 2 x 2 matrices. 11.29
2. WEIGHTING FACTORS by J. F. Kerrisk Note: This discussion of weighting factors is presented here in BDL because the calculation of weighting factors is actually part of BDL. The results of these calculations are, however, used later in LOADS and SYSTEMS. 2.1 Overview 2.1.1 Introduction The DOE-2 computer program employs weighting factors for the calculation of thermal loads and room ai r temperatures (Ref. 2). The wei ghti ng-f actor technique, first introduced by Mitalas and Stephenson (Refs. 3 and 4), is one of many methods that has been used or proposed for building energy analysis. It represents a compromise between simpler methods, such as a steady-state calculation that ignores the ability of the building mass to store energy, and more complex methods, such as complete energy-balance calculations. With the weighting-factor method, an hourly thermal-load calculation is performed based on a physical description of the building and that hour's ambient weather conditions (temperature;· solar radiation, wind velocity, etc.). These loads are used, along with the characteristics and availability of heating or cooling systems for the building, to calculate air temperatures and heat extraction or heat addition rates. The weighting-factor technique provides a simple, flexible, fast, and efficient calculation method, which accounts for the important parameters that affect building energy analysis. When worki ng with HVAC problems, the user can normally seek out reference material, other than this manual, on most any subject. However, when working with weighting factors, there are few, if any, other sources that the user may refer to; that is why the following weighting factors discussion is so lengthy. 2.1.2 The DOE-2 Method of Calculation The information of primary interest to a building designer is the heatextract ion (heat-addition) rate and ai r temperature of a room for a gi ven set of conditions. DOE-2 provides these data by a two-step process. First step. In the first step, which is performed in the LOADS program, the alr temperature is assumed to be fixed at some reference value. Instantaneous heat gains (or losses) for the room are calculated on the basis of this constant temperature. Various types of heat gains, such as solar radiat ion enteri ng through wi ndows, energy from 1 ights, peop le, or equipment, and conduction of energy through the walls, are considered. A cooling load for the room, which is defi ned as the rate at which energy must be removed from the room to maintain its air temperature fixed at the reference value, is calcul ated for each type of instr.ntaneous heat gai n. (To avoid dual di scussions, one for cooling and one for heating, simply remember that heating loads and heat losses are merely negative cooling loads and heat gains.) The cooling load associated with a particular heating source can differ from the instantaneous heat g ai n for that same heati ng source. As an ex amp 1 e, when solar radiation enters throJgh the windows, some of the radiation may be absorbed 11.30
Page 2 and 3:
DOE-2:ENGINEERS MP.NUAL .( Versi on
Page 8 and 9:
ABSTRACT •...... ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Page 10 and 11:
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont.) Page 2.3.
Page 12:
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont.) III. LOAD
Page 15 and 16:
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont). 2.2 Equip
Page 17:
2.3 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont.) Page
Page 20: ABSTRACT ••....• ACKNOWLEDGME
Page 24 and 25: ACK NOWLE DGMENTS This Engineers Ma
Page 26 and 27: DOE-2 STAFF PERSONNEL Principal Inv
Page 28 and 29: STATUS - MAY 1981 This edition of t
Page 30: SERVICE BUREAU MISSOURI McDonnell-D
Page 35 and 36: 1.4 Volume IV - Engineers Manual Th
Page 41 and 42: 4. CHAPTER I REFERENCES 1. D. A. Yo
Page 43 and 44: 2.4 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont.) 2.3.4
Page 45: 3. CURVE FIT. 4. CHAPTER II REFEREN
Page 61: These are the fundamental equations
Page 66: 1.2 Outline of Algorithm Step 1 Let
Page 70: 1.3 Description of the Subroutines
Page 77: can be selected for use in 00E-2. T
Page 93: t o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
Page 98 and 99: In terms of Laplace transfer functi
Page 100 and 101: This infin ite sequence can be ch a
Page 102 and 103: The total energy in the pulse is no
Page 105: the outside air temperature, and Kv
Page 112: calculated from the wall response f
Page 117: This is the basis of the air-temper
Page 129 and 130:
TABLE 11.6 LIGHTING DATA FOR WEIGHT
Page 131 and 132:
In the sketch, Rc is the convective
Page 135:
R' ! Ts Os Circuit A ROO 1 Circuit
Page 141 and 142:
I -'- I + DOE-2 Values -- This Corr
Page 143 and 144:
2.4. Weighting-Factor Subroutines i
Page 146 and 147:
18. Count number of delayed surface
Page 149 and 150:
4. Increment surface counter and in
Page 151:
emainder, 0.4, to the other walls a
Page 154:
2.4.S Subroutine WFMATG 2.4.8.1 Sum
Page 157:
The \/0 \/1 \/2 - d1 WJ. - d(jl2 =
Page 160:
N WFDDT = L Xi Y i' i=1 where N is
Page 163 and 164:
TABLE 11.10 (Cant. ) Section II.2.3
Page 165 and 166:
Program Variable FLRFUR FLRWT FR FR
Page 167 and 168:
Program Var iab 1e PFA QFLOOR QSi Q
Page 173:
has been simplified to ZX, etc. The
Page 178 and 179:
5. CHAPTER II INDEX (Cont.)* Duhame
Page 180 and 181:
5. CHAPTER II INDEX (Cont.)* solar.
Page 182:
III. LOADS SIMULATOR TABLE OF CONTE
Page 187 and 188:
1.2 LOADS Relationship to the Rest
Page 189 and 190:
Within the space loop, but outside
Page 199 and 200:
2.2 Weather 2.2.1 Weather V ariab l
Page 201:
1061 = the enthalpy of saturated wa
Page 204:
2 • 3. So 1 ar Cal cu 1 at ion s
Page 208:
The diffuse radiation for cloudy co
Page 211 and 212:
Step 2 In Eq. (IIL8) the hour angle
Page 213 and 214:
Step 6 10) , where Equation (IILI0)
Page 215 and 216:
The clear sky value is then reduced
Page 219 and 220:
1. A new coordinate system is defin
Page 222 and 223:
then --> --> (V 3 - V 2 ) rV; -V; I
Page 224:
Step 5. Transformation of the shadi
Page 230 and 231:
2.5 Interior Loads 2.5.1 Interior H
Page 234 and 235:
7. If the user has input a schedule
Page 237 and 238:
PPN TZONER SV ISCHR The
Page 239:
2.5.2 Calculation of Cooling Loads
Page 242 and 243:
2.6. Heat Conduction Gain 2.6.1. He
Page 244 and 245:
For a wall with no heat capacity, t
Page 252:
Then, Q = QIN t * XSAREA = [XSQCMP
Page 255 and 256:
and RA = C * UWI where UWI is the i
Page 258:
where UW = l/(RO + RA + Rl), and th
Page 261 and 262:
Steps 5 through 8 For < 8 and < 2
Page 263:
2.7. Solar Incident On Surfaces Thi
Page 266 and 267:
uilding, the amount of diffuse sola
Page 268 and 269:
Program Variable SOLID DRGOLGE QDI
Page 273:
Equation (111.37) is the same as Eq
Page 278 and 279:
4. CHAPTER III INDEX (Cont.)* coord
Page 280 and 281:
4. CHAPTER III INDEX (Cont.)* peopl
Page 282:
4. CHAPTER III INDEX (Cont.)* so 1
Page 285 and 286:
IV. SYSTEMS SIMULATOR TABLE OF CONT
Page 287 and 288:
1. SYSTEMS OVERVIEW by James J. Hir
Page 293 and 294:
1.3 Simulation of Heat and Moisture
Page 298:
where Tsurf is the coil surface tem
Page 302 and 303:
ErR PLR=lead 1.0 - - - - - - - - -
Page 304 and 305:
In addition to the types of heating
Page 306:
air will remain at the mlnlmUm unti
Page 310 and 311:
load is calculated as discussed in
Page 314:
B. Calculate the supply air and ret
Page 318 and 319:
Otherwise, = the larger of (OA-CHA
Page 321 and 322:
QHM1 = CVAL(HEAT-CAP-FT,DBT,TMZ). H
Page 323:
= MAX-HEAT-RATE + (HEATING-CAPACITY
Page 327 and 328:
If the user has specified COOLING-C
Page 329:
(1) (2 ) where MAX-SUPPL Y-T = MIN-
Page 335 and 336:
QHMI = CVAL{HEAT-CAP-FT,DBT,TMIN),
Page 337 and 338:
it is possible to use TC and TMAX i
Page 339:
3. SYSTEM SIMULATION ROUTINES 3.1 C
Page 342 and 343:
This is the temperature that will b
Page 344 and 345:
exhaust fan energy consumption, nzo
Page 347 and 348:
nsystems CFMP = L ns=l TMP = CFM ,
Page 350:
The mixed air controller set point
Page 353:
COIL-BF-FCFM is a correction functi
Page 360 and 361:
MIN-UNLOAD-RATIO is equal to 1. 0,
Page 363 and 364:
ERMAXM = CONS(l) * CFMIN * «TNOW>
Page 369:
D. Calculate the mixed air temperat
Page 373 and 374:
WMM = [(1.0 + F) * WRMINJ - ow - (F
Page 375 and 376:
If variable-air-volume control to t
Page 379:
3.1.5 Ceiling Induction System (sub
Page 383 and 384:
Because the baseboard heaters are a
Page 386 and 387:
The specification of HEAT-SOURCE =
Page 388 and 389:
1. The maximum supply air temperatu
Page 391:
TH is less than the return air temp
Page 395 and 396:
nsystems CFMP = L CFM ns ' and (IV.
Page 397 and 398:
(1) MIN-SUPPLY-T and (2) TCMIN, as
Page 399 and 400:
Q = - [CFMZ * (TAVE - TC]) (I V. 3
Page 402 and 403:
The specification of HEAT-SOURCE =
Page 404 and 405:
Calculation Algorithms I. Simulate
Page 406 and 407:
THMAX = TM - CONS(l) * ' and (I V.
Page 408:
If, additionally, it is assumed tha
Page 416 and 417:
6. Update the zone temperature and
Page 418:
1. The Cooling Mode If PLRC is not
Page 423 and 424:
nsystems CFMP = CFM , and L: ns ns=
Page 425:
OA-CHANGES * PO = the larger of 60
Page 428 and 429:
total zone heating coil energy cons
Page 431:
QCS = the smaller of {[ * CVAL(COOL
Page 438 and 439:
II. Simu 1 ate the central fl u i d
Page 440 and 441:
3.2.3. Packaged Terminal Air-Condit
Page 443:
where QHPT = * CVAL(HEAT-CAP-FT,DB
Page 446 and 447:
lIW = CONS(Z) , the space latent e
Page 448:
continuously. If no outside ventila
Page 451 and 452:
3.2.4. Unit Heaters and Unit Ventil
Page 455 and 456:
nzones = L (ZKW nz + ZFANKW nz ) *
Page 457 and 458:
nzones QH = L ZQHnz * MULTIPLIER nz
Page 459:
where ZQH = , if < 0.0 -- if > 0.
Page 465 and 466:
For SYSTEM-TYPEs that do not allow
Page 467 and 468:
thermostat action. an analogous equ
Page 470 and 471:
Step 6. Update the History of the Z
Page 472 and 473:
4.2. Furnace Simulation (subroutine
Page 475 and 476:
would require solving all zone and
Page 478:
RETURN-DELTA-T = the temperature ga
Page 481:
TRC is then added to the set point
Page 485 and 486:
D. If COOL-CONTROL = RESET, TC is c
Page 487 and 488:
where WSURF A - B - C = (1.0 - CBF)
Page 489 and 490:
In this control simulation, the ent
Page 491:
4.4. Outside Air Control (subroutin
Page 494 and 495:
4.5 Calculation of Fan Energy Consu
Page 496 and 497:
and PLS PLR PWR S - no--=-- , for s
Page 499 and 500:
4.7 Calculation of Humidity Ratio (
Page 502:
6. CHAPTER IV INDEX* air handler, c
Page 506 and 507:
6. CHAPTER IV INDEX* (Cont.) coolin
Page 508:
6. CHAPTER IV INDEX* (Cont.) econom
Page 511 and 512:
6. CHAPTER IV INDEX* (Cont.) four p
Page 514 and 515:
6. CHAPTER IV INOEX* (Cant.) multiz
Page 516 and 517:
6. CHAPTER IV INDEX* (Cant.) packag
Page 518 and 519:
6. CHAPTER IV INDEX* (Cont.) packag
Page 520 and 521:
6. CHAPTER IV INDEX* (Cont.) packag
Page 522 and 523:
6. CHAPTER IV INOEX* (Cont.) packag
Page 526 and 527:
6. CHAPTER IV INDEX* (Cant.) supply
Page 529 and 530:
6. CHAPTER IV INDEX* (Cont.) two-pi
Page 531 and 532:
6. CHAPTER IV INDEX* (Cont.) unitar
Page 533 and 534:
6. CHAPTER IV INDEX* (Cont.) variab
Page 535 and 536:
2.2.3.5 2.2.3.6 TABLE OF CONTENTS (
Page 537 and 538:
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont.) 3.2 Syste
Page 539 and 540:
1.2 Communication with Other Progra
Page 541 and 542:
1.3 Simulation Limitations 1. There
Page 543 and 544:
2. ALGORITHM DESCRIPTIONS This sect
Page 546 and 547:
--- 0:: ...J ..E:...o:: J: PLR --0
Page 548 and 549:
2.1.4. Effect of Temperature on Ene
Page 550 and 551:
Keywords FORTRAN Variables TOT CAP
Page 552 and 553:
is used in many of the equipment ro
Page 554 and 555:
Keywords STM-BOILER-HIR HW-BOILER-H
Page 556 and 557:
2.2.2.1.1 Steam or Hot-Water Boiler
Page 558 and 559:
This calculation assumes that the e
Page 560 and 561:
The fuel consumption during the hou
Page 563 and 564:
The skin losses from the boiler are
Page 566 and 567:
Keyword ABSORS-HIR ABSOR1-HIR ABSOR
Page 568:
2.2.3.2 Initial Calculations The ca
Page 571 and 572:
where LOAD is the load on this type
Page 573 and 574:
SIZE MAX-NUMBER-AVAIL Economi c Dat
Page 576 and 577:
where AUXIKW is the additional elec
Page 578 and 579:
RCAPi = f1 (CHWT,ECT = TTOWR). f1 i
Page 580 and 581:
is The compressor load including an
Page 584:
Keyword TWR-CELL MAX-GPM TWR-PUMP
Page 588 and 589:
(b) If the desired water exit tempe
Page 590:
The water flow rate has been set by
Page 593 and 594:
It can be seen from Fig. V.12 that
Page 597:
APP = TTOWR - TWBDES, where TWBDE5
Page 600:
number of double bundle chillers +
Page 603 and 604:
Step S. Determine the approach for
Page 605 and 606:
The power is then equa 1 to the pow
Page 607 and 608:
With the exception of heat recovery
Page 609 and 610:
where TOTCAP19 is the heat storage
Page 611:
TFREZH is the fluid freezing point
Page 615 and 616:
500,000 MBtu of jacket heat will be
Page 617 and 618:
a. If the tank has been defined in
Page 619 and 620:
Equations (V.29) through (V.32) are
Page 621 and 622:
The pumps are not explicitly define
Page 623 and 624:
V ar i ab 1 eli s t: Keywords FORTR
Page 625:
FORTRAN Engineering Keywords Variab
Page 629 and 630:
The heat exchanger UA factor is ass
Page 631 and 632:
Keyword FORTRAN Engineering Variabl
Page 633:
FORTRAN Engineering Keyword Variabl
Page 638:
The load that has just been allocat
Page 642 and 643:
2. RElCOM = where HIRNOMi correspon
Page 644 and 645:
or ECOOLT or CAPA, whichever is sma
Page 647 and 648:
priority on the generator heat. The
Page 649 and 650:
g. The coupled absorption chiller l
Page 652 and 653:
Step 8. Step 9. Step 10. Step II. S
Page 654 and 655:
Step 34. Recalculate the excess ste
Page 656 and 657:
where KAVQi : KAVi + 1. KAVi in tur
Page 658 and 659:
2.3 Economic Calculations Calculati
Page 660:
Keywords UNIT INSTALLATION ESCALATI
Page 663 and 664:
2.3.1 Equipment Costs (subroutines
Page 665:
(V.llO) Cyclical Costs. The equipme
Page 669 and 670:
Step 6 The cyclical cost coefficien
Page 671 and 672:
Q * p-mo Qblock = M Fbill (U29) whe
Page 673 and 674:
4. CHAPTER V REFERENCES 1. J. J. Al
Page 675 and 676:
5. CHAPTER V INDEX (for non-solar e
Page 677 and 678:
Page 679 and 680:
Page 682 and 683:
1. DESCRIPTION OF THE LIFE-CYCLE CO
Page 686:
1.3 Cost Types In ooE-2, non-energy
Page 691:
1.5 Calculation of Investment Stati
Page 696 and 697:
1.6 Subroutine Deser iption RDESF R
Page 702:
DAYLIGHTING CALCULATION IN DOE-2 Fr
Page 708:
1. Introduction DAYLIGHTING CALCULA
Page 714 and 715:
a b c Fig. 2. Window with diffusing
Page 718 and 719:
Fig. 5. Sun height' 20° Sun height
Page 720:
, ¢sun ¢sun,deg L z y altitude of
Page 724 and 725:
New York Ci ty, NY .34 .33 .40 .54
Page 741 and 742:
The background luminance, L b , is
Page 743 and 744:
(1) One or more coordinates of the
Page 745:
specified. ( 4) Print error message
Page 751 and 752:
where GILSK and GILSU are the illum
Page 760:
• 3. A shade is left open if the
show all

DOE-2 Engineers Manual Version 2.1A - DOE-2.com

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?