Abdul Wali Khan University - AWKUM

Abdul Wali Khan University 

Mardan 

Scheme of Studies for 04 Years BS in Sociology 

For the Session 2010, and Onwards 

1

DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY 

ABDUL WALI KHAN UNIVERSITY, MARDAN 

2

TABLES OF CONTENTS 

S/no Contents Page number 

� Preface 

� Scheme of studies for BS four years in sociology 

� Layout 

� Details of semester, marks, and credit hours 

� Specific numbers of the courses 

� English-1 (Functional English) 

� Pakistan Studies 

� Principles of Sociology-I 

� Introduction to Management 

� Introduction to Statistics 

� Social Anthropology 

� English-II (Communication Skills) 

� Islamic Studies 

� Mathematics 

� Principles of Sociology-II 

� Social Psychology 

� Social Problems of Pakistani Society 

� English-III (Technical Writing and Presentation Skills) 

� Introduction to Economics 

� Introduction to Computer 

� Introduction to Logic 

� Project Management 

� Social Institutions 

� Introduction to Political Science 

� Introduction to Education 

� Introduction to Muslim law 

� Social Policy and Planning 

� Gender and Development 

� Industrial Sociology 

� Disaster Management 

� Rural Sociology 

� Community Development 

� Social Demography 

� Sociology of Religion 

� Social Welfare Management & Social Administration 

� Social Change & Development 

� Research Methodology 

� Human Resource Development & NGO Management 

� Sociology of Information & Communication Technologies 

(ICTs) 

� Classical Sociological Theories 

� Sociology of Education 

� Environmental Sociology 

3

� Sociology of Pakhtun Society and Culture 

� Contemporary Sociological Theories 

� Sociology of Human Rights 

� Sociology of Globalization 

� Criminology 

� Field Work 

� Dissertation 

4

PREFACE 

Curriculum development is an organized and systematic process, involves a lot number 

of process and procedures. The curriculum for BS four years in Sociology has been framed under 

the HEC and Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan guidelines. The needs and requirements of the 

modern age, human and financial recourse of the locality, and the basic learning and teaching 

techniques were kept in consideration, while developing the courses. 

These courses are especially designed for the purpose to promote and enhance the thirst 

of getting knowledge, completed in all aspect of sociological approaches. A range of teaching 

methods will be used, keeping the level and caliber of the students e.g. small group discussion, 

use of computers, lectures, debates, seminars, field work, tests, presentation, oral and written 

examination. 

Sociology deals with the structural and functional aspects of the society. It also talked about the 

major institutions including (Family, Education, Political, Economic, and Religion), values, and 

patterns of human association that shape modern identities. Through these courses the students 

will come to know that how different social institutions come into being and evaluated in 

different periods. It was kept in mind, that with the help of these courses all of the sociological 

areas must be covered up to the possible extent. That‟s why these courses includes different 

sociological areas i.e. society and community, social interaction, social process, social control, 

social problems, psycho-social problems, social theory, social change, social movement, social 

welfare, women problems, health and medicine, policy and planning, crime and deviance, gender 

and sex, hazards and disaster, culture caste, class, race, ethnicity, ageing, globalization, 

environment, field work and dissertation. 

With the help of these courses students will come to about the subject matter and various 

dimensions of the subject, as well as it‟s also help out the students with the basic sociological 

concepts, Principles, and different social problems in national and international perspectives. 

After studying these courses students will become aware about the basic sociological research 

methods and application of computer in sociological research. Along with the above it will also 

enable students to apply sociological knowledge for analyzing various social phenomena. 

5

Chairman 

Department of Sociology 

Palosa Campus Charsadda, AWKUM 

6

SCHEME OF STUDIES FOR FOUR YEARS BS IN SOCIOLOGY: 

S No Categories No of courses Credit hours 

Min -----Max Min ------Max 

� Compulsory 

choice) 

requirement (no 9------9 25---------25 

� General subjects to be chosen 

from other departments 

8-------8 24---------24 

� Discipline 

courses 

specific foundation 11-----11 30---------33 

� Major courses including research 

projects/internship 

12-----12 40----------40 

� Elective within the major courses 04-----04 12----------12 

Total 42------46 134------134 

7

Compulsory 

requirements (the 

students have no choice) 

LAY OUT: 

SCHEME OF STUDIES FOR 4 YEARS BS IN SOCIOLOGY: 

DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY, ABDUL WALI KHAN UNIVERSITY, 

MARDAN: 

General courses to be 

chosen from other 

departments 

Discipline specific 

foundation courses 

Major courses 

including research 

projects/theses 

Elective subjects 

9 courses 7-8 courses 9-10 courses 11-13 courses 4 courses 

25 credit hours 21-24 credit hours 30-33 credit hours 36-42 credit hours 12 credit hours 

Subjects Subjects Subjects Subjects Subjects 

English-I: (Functional 

English) 

English-I: 

(Communication 

Skills) 

English-I: (Technical 

Writing & Presentation 

Skills) 

Introduction to 

Management 

Principles of 

Sociology- I 

Social Psychology Principles of 

Sociology- I 

Introduction to 

Political Science 

Classical Sociological 

Theories 

Sociology of 

Information & 

Communication 

Technologies (ICTs) 

Human Recourse 

Development & 

NGO Management 

Social Institutions Criminology 

Community 

Development 

Pakistan Studies Introduction to Contemporary Sociology of 

Economic 

Sociological Theories Education 

Islamic Studies Introduction to Research 

Sociology of Human 

Muslim Law Methodology Rights 

Mathematics Introduction to Gender and Industrial Sociology 

Education 

Development 

Introduction to Introduction to Logic Social Anthropology Sociology of Pakhtun 

Computer 

& Pakhtunwali 

Introduction to Statistic Social Welfare Social Problems of Sociology of Religion 

Management & Social 

Administration 

Pakistani Society 

Project Management Social Change & Sociology of 

Development Globalization 

Rural Sociology Environmental 

Sociology 

Social Demography Field Work 

Dissertation 

SCHEME OF STUDIES FOR 04 YEARS BS IN 

SOCIOLOGY: 

Social Policy & 

Planning 

Disaster 

Management 

8

S.No TITLE OF COURSES COURSE 

CODE 

CREDI 

T 

HOURS 

SEMESTER –I 

1 English-I (Functional English) ENG-101 3 03 

2 Pakistan Studies PK-101 2 05 

3 Principles of Sociology –I SOC-201 3 08 

4 Introduction to Management MNT-101 3 11 

5 Introduction to Statistics STAT-101 3 14 

6 Social Anthropology SOC-202 3 17 

Total 17 17 

7 

SEMESTER –II 

English-II (Communication Skills) ENG-102 3 20 

8 Islamic Studies IS-101 2 22 

9 Mathematic MATH- 

101 

3 25 

10 Principles of Sociology –II SOC-203 3 28 

11 Social Psychology SOC-204 3 31 

12 Social Problems of Pakistani Society SOC-205 3 34 

Total 

SEMESTER –III 

17 34 

13 English-III Technical Writing and Presentation 

Skills) 

ENG-103 3 37 

14 Introduction to Economics ECON- 

101 

3 40 

15 Introduction to Computer COMP- 

101 

3 43 

16 Introduction to Logic PHPY- 

101 

3 46 

17 Project Management SOC-206 3 49 

18 Social Institutions SOC-207 3 52 

Total 

SEMESTER -IV 

18 52 

19 Introduction to Political Science PS-101 3 55 

20 Introduction to Education EDU-101 3 58 

21 Introduction to Muslim Law LAW-101 3 61 

22 Social Policy and Planning SOC-208 3 64 

9 

CUMMULA 

TIVE 

CREDIT 

HOURS

23 Gender and Development SOC-209 3 67 

24 Industrial Sociology SOC-210 3 70 

Total 18 70 

SEMESTER -V 

25 Disaster Management SOC-211 3 73 

26 Rural Sociology SOC-212 3 76 

27 Community Development SOC-213 3 79 

28 Social Demography SOC-214 3 82 

29 Sociology of Religion SOC-215 3 85 

Total 15 85 

30 

SEMESTER -VI 

Social Welfare Management & Social Administration SOC-216 3 88 

31 Social Change & Development SOC-217 3 91 

32 Research Methodology-I SOC-218 3 94 

33 Human Resources Development & NGO 

Management 

SOC-219 3 97 

34 Sociology of Information & 

Communication Technologies (ICTs). 

SOC-220 3 100 

Total 

SEMESTER -VII 

15 100 

35 Classical Sociological Theories SOC-221 3 103 

36 Sociology of Education SOC-222 3 106 

37 Research Methodology-II SOC-223 3 109 

38 Sociology of Pakhtun Society & Culture SOC-224 3 112 

39 Field Work SOC-225 4 116 

Total 

SEMESTER -VIII 

16 116 

40 Contemporary Sociological Theories & Thoughts SOC-226 3 119 

41 Sociology of Human Rights SOC-227 3 122 

42 Environmental Sociology SOC-228 3 125 

43 Criminology SOC-229 3 128 

44 Dissertation SOC-230 6 134 

Total 18 134 

10

Total Numbers of Credit Hours 134--------134 

Duration 4-years 

Semester Duration 16-18 weeks 

Semesters 08 

Courses per semester 15-18 credit hours 

Number of courses per semester 5-6 

FOLLOWING ARE THE MAJOR DIVISIONS 

Compulsory Courses 

� English I 03 

� English II 03 

� English III 03 

� Introduction to statistics 03 

� Pak Studies 02 

� Islamic Studies 02 

� Introduction to Computer 03 

� Mathematic 03 

� Project Management 03 

Total CH 25 

General Course/Related Courses 

� Introduction to Management 03 

� Social Psychology 03 

� Introduction to Political Science 03 

� Introduction to Economic 03 

� Introduction to Education 03 

� Introduction to Muslim Law 03 

� Introduction to Logic 03 

� Social Welfare Management & Administration 03 

Total CH 24 

Discipline Specific Foundation Courses 

� Principles of Sociology I 03 

� Principles of Sociology II 03 

� Rural Sociology 03 

� Research Methodology 03 

� Social Problems of Pakistani Society 03 

� Classical Sociological Theories 03 

� Social Demography 03 

� Contemporary Sociological Theories 03 

� Social Change and Development 03 

� Gender and Development 03 

� Social Anthropology 03 

11

Total CH 33 

Major Courses Including Research Project 

� Sociology of Information & Communication Technologies 03 

� Social Institutions 03 

� Community Development 03 

� Sociology of Education 03 

� Sociology of Human Rights 03 

� Industrial Sociology 03 

� Sociology of Pukhtoon Society & Culture 03 

� Sociology of Religion 03 

� Sociology of Globalization 03 

� Environmental Sociology 03 

� Field Work 04 

� Dissertation 06 

Total CH 40 

Elective within the Major Courses 

� Human Resources Development & NGO Management 03 

� Criminology 03 

� Social Policy & Planning 03 

� Disaster Management 03 

Total CH 12 

Total Degree CH: 25+24+33+40+12= 134 

12

COURSE TITLE: ENGLISH-I (FUNCTIONAL ENGLISH) 

COURSE CODE: ENG-101 

CREDIT HOURS: 03 

Course Objectives: Enhance language skills and develop critical thinking. 

Course Contents: 

Grammar 

� Basics of Grammar 

� Parts of speech and use of articles 

� Sentence structure, active and passive voice 

� Practice in unified sentence 

� Analysis of phrase, clause and sentence structure 

� Transitive and intransitive verbs 

� Punctuation and spelling 

Comprehension 

� Answers to questions on a given text 

Discussion 

� General topics and every-day conversation (topics for discussion to be at the 

discretion of the teacher keeping in view the level of students) 

Listening 

� To be improved by showing documentaries/films carefully selected by subject 

teachers 

Translation skills 

� Urdu to English 

Paragraph writing 

� Topics to be chosen at the discretion of the teacher 

Presentation skills 

� Introduction 

Note: Extensive reading is required for vocabulary building 

COURSE RECOMMENDED BOOKS: 

� Langan, John. (2004). College Writing Skills. London: Mc-Graw-Hill Higher 

Education. 

� Laurie G. Kirszner and Stephen R. Mandell. (2001). Patterns of College Writing. 

St. Martin‟s Press. 

� Marie, Brinand, and Grellet.( 1993). Oxford Supplementary Skills. London: 

Oxford University Press. 

� Nolasco,Rob. (1992). Oxford Supplementary Skills: Fourth Impression. 

13

� Tomlinson, and Ellis. Rod. (1992). Oxford Supplementary Skills. London: Oxford 

University Press. 

� Thomson, and Martinet. (1997). Practical English Grammar. London: Oxford 


14

COURSE TITLE: PAKISTAN STUDIES (COMPULSORY) 

COURSE CODE: PK-101 


Course Objectives: 

Develop vision of historical perspective, government, politics, contemporary Pakistan, 

ideological background of Pakistan and to Study the process of governance, national 

development, issues arising in the modern age and posing challenges to Pakistan. 


Historical Perspective 

� Ideological rationale with special reference to Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Allama 

Muhammad Iqbal and Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah. 

� Factors leading to Muslim separatism 

� People and Land 

� Indus Civilization 

� Muslim advent 

� Location and geo-physical features. 

Government and Politics in Pakistan 

� Political and constitutional phases: 

� 1947-58 

� 1958-71 

� 1971-77 

� 1977-88 

� 1988-99 

� 1999 onward 

Contemporary Pakistan 

� Economic institutions and issues 

� Society and social structure 

� Ethnicity 

� Foreign policy of Pakistan and challenges 

� Futuristic outlook of Pakistan 


� Amin, Tahir. (1999). Ethno-National Movement in Pakistan. Islamabad: Institute of 

Policy Studies, Islamabad. 

15

� Burke,S.M and Ziring,Lawrence. (1993). Pakistan‟s Foreign policy: An Historical 

analysis. Karachi: Oxford University Press, 

� Mehmood, Safdar. (2001). Pakistan Kayyun Toota. Lahore: Idara-e-Saqafat-e- 

Islamia. Club Road Press. 

� Mehmood, Safdar. (1994). Pakistan Political Roots & Development. Lahore. 

� Waseem ,Muhammad. (1987). Pakistan Under Martial Law. Lahore: Vanguard. 

� Zaidi,Akbar. S.( 2000). Issue in Pakistan‟s Economy. Karachi: Oxford University 

Press. 

� Zahid, Ansar. (1980). History & Culture of Sindh. Karachi: Royal Book Company. 

16

COURSE TITLE: PRINCIPLES OF SOCIOLOGY-I 

COURSE CODE: SOC-201 



The course is designed to introduce the students with sociological concepts and the discipline. 

The focus of the course shall be on significant concepts like social systems and structures, 

socio-economic changes and social processes. The course will provide due foundation for 

further studies in the field of sociology. 


Introduction 

� Definition, nature, scope, and subject matter of sociology 

� Brief historical development of sociology 

� Relationship with other social sciences e.g. Economics, political science, 

� History, psychology, and anthropology, social work, etc. 

� Sociological Perspectives e.g. Structural Functionalist, Symbolic Interactionist, and 

Conflict. 

� Comparison of various perspectives. 

Society and Community 

� Definition, elements, characteristics of both community and society. 

� Difference between society and community. 

� Various types of societies. 

� Difference between rural and urban community. 

Social Groups and Associations 

� Meaning and definition of association. 

� Voluntary associations, its structural features, functions of voluntary association, 

� Participation in voluntary association, 

� Definition, characteristics and function. 

� Elements of social groups 

� Difference between groups and social groups. 

� Types of social groups 

� In and out groups, primary and secondary groups, reference groups, formal and 

� Informal groups and pressure groups 

Culture and Related Concepts 

� Definition and aspects of culture 

� Material and non – material culture 

� Ideal and real culture 

� Elements of culture 

� Beliefs, values, norms (folkways, mores, laws) 

� Organization of culture 

� Traits, complexes, and patterns 

� Other related concepts 

17

� Culture relativism, cultural integration, cultural ethnocentrism, cultural exnocentrism, 

cultural lag, cultural variability, sub-cultures and counter cultures. 

� Culture and human adjustment. 

Social Interaction and Social Processes: 

� Meaning and definition of social interaction. 

� Various types of social interaction. 

� Introduction definitions and types of social process. 

� Cooperation, competition, conflict, accommodation, acculturation, and assimilation. 


� Gidden, Anthony. (2002). Introduction to Sociology. UK: Polity Press. 

� Horton Paul B, and Hunt Chester L. (2004), Sociology. Singapore: McGraw Hill 

Company. 

� Macionis, John J. (2006). Sociology. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. 

� Rao, Shankar. (2010). Sociology. New Delhi: S. Chand. 

� Taga, Abdul Hameed.(2000). An introduction to sociology. Lahore. 

� Thio Axe. (2006). Sociology: An introduction. New York: Harper and Row. 

18

COURSE TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT 

COURSE CODE: MNT-101 



An Overview of Management 

� Definitions of Management 

� Characteristics of Management 

� Different between Management and Administration 

Functions of Management 

� Functions a brief Treatment 

� Planning, Organizing, Staffing 

� Directing, Controlling, Coordination 

Principles of Management 

� Taylor‟s Principles 

� Fayol‟s Principles 

� General Principles 

� Importance and Scope of Management 

� Importance of Management 

� Scope of Management 

Nature of Management 

� Management as an art 

� Management as a Science 

� Management as a Profession 

Planning 

� Definition, Nature and Characteristics 

� Importance of Planning 

� Limitations of Planning 

� Essentials of a good Plan 

� Steps in Planning Process 

� Types of Planning 

Decision Making 

� Meaning and Elements of Decision Making 

� Importance and Process of Decision Making 

� Salient Features of a good or an Effective Decision 

� An Effective Decision Making 

Organizing 

� Nature and Importance of Organization 

� Steps in the Process of Organization 

� Formal and Informal Organization 

� Principles of Organization 

Communication 

� Definition of Communication 

19

� Process of Communication 

� Importance of Communication 

� Types of Communication 

� Barriers to Communication 

� Over Coming the Barriers 

� Characteristics of a good Communication System 

Staffing 

� Definition of Staffing, Sources of Recruitment 

� Steps in Selection Process 

� Orientation or Induction 

� Training and Education 

� Types and Methods of Training 

Directing / Direction 

� Definition, Nature and Importance 

� Principles & Techniques 

Leadership 

� Definition 

� Traits / Qualities of a Successful Leader 

� Leadership Styles, Function of Leader Ship 

Motivation 

� Meaning and Importance 

� Financial and Non Financial Incentives 

� Theory X and Theory Y 

� Maslow‟s Need Priority Model 

Controlling 

� Definition of Controlling 

� Characteristics of Controlling 

� Objectives of Controlling 

� Steps in the Process of Controlling 

� Essentials of an Effective Control System 


� Duck Ker, P.F. (1997). Practice of Management. London: Macmillan. 

� Terry. (1998). Principles and Practice of Management. USA: Prentice Hall. 

� Wahid,Fazli. (2004). Fundamentals of Management. IBMS/CS: Agricultural 

University Peshawar 

20

Course Title: INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS 

Course Code: STAT-101 

Credit Hours: 03 


What is Statistics? 

Definition of Statistics, Population, sample Descriptive and inferential Statistics, 

Observations, Data, Discrete and continuous variables, Errors of measurement, 

Significant digits, Rounding of a Number, Collection of primary and secondary 

data, Sources, Editing of Data. Exercises. 

Presentation of Data 

Introduction, basic principles of classification and Tabulation, Constructing of a 

frequency distribution, Relative and Cumulative frequency distribution, 

Diagrams, Graphs and their Construction, Bar charts, Pie chart, Histogram, 

Frequency polygon and Frequency curve, Cumulative Frequency Polygon or 

Ogive, Historigram, Ogive for Discrete Variable. Types of frequency curves. 

Exercises. 

Measures of Central Tendency 

Introduction, Different types of Averages, Quantiles, The Mode, Empirical 

Relation between Mean, Median and mode, Relative Merits and Demerits of 

various Averages. properties of Good Average, Box and Whisker Plot, Stem and 

Leaf Display, definition of outliers and their detection. Exercises. 

Measures of Dispersion 

Introduction, Absolute and relative measures, Range, The semi-Inter-quartile 

Range, The Mean Deviation, The Variance and standard deviation, Change of 

origin and scale, Interpretation of the standard Deviation, Coefficient of variation, 

Properties of variance and standard Deviation, Standardized variables, Moments 

and Moments ratios. Exercises. 

Probability and Probability Distributions. 

Discrete and continuous distributions: Binomial, Poisson and Normal 

Distribution. Exercises 

Sampling and Sampling Distributions 

Introduction, sample design and sampling frame, bias, sampling and non sampling 

errors, sampling with and without replacement, probability and non-probability 

sampling, Sampling distributions for single mean and proportion, Difference of 

means and proportions. Exercises. 

Hypothesis Testing 

Introduction, Statistical problem, null and alternative hypothesis, Type-I and 

Type-II errors, level of significance, Test statistics, acceptance and rejection 

regions, general procedure for testing of hypothesis. Exercises. 

Testing of Hypothesis- Single Population 

Introduction, Testing of hypothesis and confidence interval about the population 

mean and proportion for small and large samples, Exercises 

Testing of Hypotheses-Two or more Populations 

21

Introduction, Testing of hypothesis and confidence intervals about the difference 

of population means and proportions for small and large samples, Analysis of 

Variance and ANOVA Table. Exercises 

Testing of Hypothesis-Independence of Attributes 

Introduction, Contingency Tables, Testing of hypothesis about the Independence 

of attributes. Exercises. 

Regression and Correlation 

Introduction, cause and effect relationships, examples, simple linear regression, 

estimation of parameters and their interpretation. r and R 2 . Correlation. 

Coefficient of linear correlation, its estimation and interpretation. Multiple 

regression and interpretation of its parameters. Examples 


1 Walpole, R.E. (1982). Introduction to Statistics. New York.: Macmillan 

Publishing Co Inc. 

2 Muhammad, F. (2005). Statistical Methods and Data Analysis. Faisalabad: Kitab 

Markaz Bhawana Bazar. 

22

COURSE TITLE: SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY 




Introduction 

� Introduction, definition of social anthropology, 

� Aims and fields of social anthropology, 

� Relationship of anthropology with other social sciences. 

� Scope and subject matter of social anthropology. 

� Nature of social anthropology. 

Kinship System 

� Definition, constituents or elements of kinship, 

� Incest and taboo. 

� Consanguinity, affinity. 

� Parallel and cross cousin. 

� Kinship tree or diagram. 

Family System 

� Introduction, definition and functions, 

� Characteristics of primitive family. 

� Types of family system. 

� Theories about the origin of family 

Marriage System 

� Introduction, definition of marriage. 

� Aims of marriage. 

� Forms and types of marriage in Pakistani and Indian tribal areas e.g. (cousin 

marriage, levirate marriage, sorrorate marriage. Ghost marriage, marriage by 

purchase, marriage by elopement, marriage by trial, marriage by consent, marriage by 

love, marriage by force, marriage in swara, marriage by test, group marriages ). 

Territorial Groups and Associations 

Meaning and definition of territorial groups and societies with special reference to 

age set system of Karimojong, Kung, and Ashanti societies. 

Economics Systems 

Meaning, Definition of primitive economic system, labors division, exchange of 

goods and service reciprocity, redistribution, primitive economics principals. Kula 

ring exchange in primitive societies. 

Political System 

Definition politically centralized and decentralized societies, state and its elements, 

primitive govt: primitive law and its forms patterns of evidence. Punishment in 

primitive societies. 

Religious System 

Explanation, introduction to religion, elements of religion, Indian tribal religions, 

magic and its difference from religion 

� Various rites and ceremonies in relation to particular occasions. 

23

� Difference between science and magic. 

� Various types of magic e.g. black and white magic, totem, amulets, shamanism, 

ancestor worships etc. 


� Adamsons, Hobble. E. (1979). Culture and social anthropology. New Delhi: 

McGraw hill publishing co. 

� Barnard, Alan. (2007). Social Anthropology: Investigating Human Social 

Life. New Delhi: Viva Book Private Limited. 

� Morton,H. Fried.(1973). Exploration in anthropology: Reading in culture, man and 

nature, New York: Cromwell Company. 

� Nanda, Serena and Warms, Richard. L. (2007). Cultural Anthropology. USA. 

Thomson Wadsworth. 

� Park, Michael Alan. (1986). Anthropology: an introduction. New York: Harper and 

Row 

� William, Havilland. (1975). Culture anthropology. Holt Rinehart and Winston. 

24

ENGLISH-II (COMMUNICATION SKILLS) 



Course Objectives: Enable the students to meet their real life communication needs. 


Paragraph writing 

� Practice in writing a good, unified and coherent paragraph 

Essay writing 


CV and job application 

� Translation skills 

� Urdu to English 

Study skills 

� Skimming and scanning, intensive and extensive, and speed reading, summary 

and précis writing and comprehension 

Academic skills 

� Letter/memo writing, minutes of meetings, use of library and internet 


� Personality development (emphasis on content, style and pronunciation) 

Note: documentaries to be shown for discussion and review 



Education. 










25

COURSE TITLE: ISLAMIC STUDIES 

COURSE CODE: IS-101 



This course is aimed at: 

1 To provide Basic information about Islamic Studies 

2 To enhance understanding of the students regarding Islamic Civilization 

3 To improve Students skill to perform prayers and other worships 

4 To enhance the skill of the students for understanding of issues related to faith and 

religious life. 


Introduction to Quranic Studies 

� Basic Concepts of Quran 

� History of Quran 

� Uloom-ul -Quran 

Study of Selected Text of Holly Quran 

� Verses of Surah Al-Baqra Related to Faith(Verse No-284-286) 

� Verses of Surah Al-Hujrat Related to Adab Al-Nabi (Verse No-1-18) 

� Verses of Surah Al-Mumanoon Related to Characteristics of faithful (Verse No-1- 

11) 

� Verses of Surah al-Furqan Related to Social Ethics (Verse No.63-77) 

� Verses of Surah Al-Inam Related to Ihkam(Verse No-152-154) 

Study of Selected Text of Holly Quran 

� Verses of Surah Al-Ihzab Related to Adab al-Nabi (Verse No.6,21,40,56,57,58.) 

� Verses of Surah Al-Hashar (18,19,20) Related to thinking, Day of Judgment 

� Verses of Surah Al-Saf Related to Tafakar,Tadabar (Verse No-1,14) 

Seerat of Holy Prophet (S.A.W) I 

� Life of Muhammad Bin Abdullah ( Before Prophet Hood) 

� Life of Holy Prophet (S.A.W) in Makkah 

� Important Lessons Derived from the life of Holy Prophet in Makkah 

Seerat of Holy Prophet (S.A.W) II 

� Life of Holy Prophet (S.A.W) in Madina 

� Important Events of Life Holy Prophet in Madina 

� Important Lessons Derived from the life of Holy Prophet in Madina 

Introduction To Sunnah 

� Basic Concepts of Hadith 

� History of Hadith 

� Kinds of Hadith 

� Uloom –ul-Hadith 

� Sunnah & Hadith 

� Legal Position of Sunnah 

Introduction To Islamic Law & Jurisprudence 

26

� Basic Concepts of Islamic Law & Jurisprudence 

� History & Importance of Islamic Law & Jurisprudence 

� Sources of Islamic Law & Jurisprudence 

� Nature of Differences in Islamic Law 

� Islam and Sectarianism 

Islamic Culture & Civilization 

� Basic Concepts of Islamic Culture & Civilization 

� Historical Development of Islamic Culture & Civilization 

� Characteristics of Islamic Culture & Civilization 

� Islamic Culture & Civilization and Contemporary Issues 

Islam & Science 

� Basic Concepts of Islam & Science 

� Contributions of Muslims in the Development of Science 

� Quranic & Science 

Islamic Economic System 

� Basic Concepts of Islamic Economic System 

� Means of Distribution of wealth in Islamic Economics 

� Islamic Concept of Riba 

� Islamic Ways of Trade & Commerce 

Political System of Islam 

� Basic Concepts of Islamic Political System 

� Islamic Concept of Sovereignty 

� Basic Institutions of Govt. in Islam 

Islamic History 

� Period of Khlaft-E-Rashida 

� Period of Ummayyads 

� Period of Abbasids 

Social System of Islam 

� Basic Concepts of Social System of Islam 

� Elements of Family 

� Ethical Values of Islam 

COURSE RECOMMANDED BOOKS: 

� Bhatia, H.S. (1989). Studies in Islamic Law, Religion and Society. New Delhi: 

Deep & Deep Publications. 

� Hasan, Ahmad. (1993) .Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence. Islamabad: Islamic 

Research 

Institute, IIU. 

� Waliullah, Mir. (1982). Muslim Jrisprudence and the Quranic Law of Crimes. 

Lahore: 

Islamic Book Service. 

� Zia-ul-Haq, Muhammad. (2001). Introduction to Al Sharia Al Islamia. 

Islamabad:Allama 

Iqbal Open University. 

27

COURSE TITLE: MATHEMATICS 

COURSE CODE: MATH-101 


Course Objectives: After completion of this course the student should be able to: 

� Understand the use of the essential tools of basic mathematics; 

� Apply the concepts and the techniques in their respective 

disciplines; 

� Model the effects non-isothermal problems through different 

domains; 

Course Contents : 

Preliminaries: 

� Real and complex numbers, 

� Introduction to sets, 

� Set operations, 

� Functions, 

� Types of functions. 

Matrices: 

� Introduction to matrices, 

� types of matrices, 

� inverse of matrices, 

� determinants, 

� system of linear equations, 

� Cramer‟s rule. 

Quadratic equations: 

� Solution of quadratic equations, 

� nature of roots of quadratic equations, 

� Equations reducible to quadratic equations. 

Sequence and Series: 

28

� Arithmetic, 

� Geometric and harmonic progressions. 

Permutation and combinations: 

� Introduction to permutation and combinations, 

Binomial Theorem: 

� Introduction to binomial theorem. 

Trigonometry: 

� Fundamentals of trigonometry, 

� Trigonometric identities. 

Graphs: 

� Graph of straight line, 

� Circle and trigonometric functions. 


� Kaufmann, J. E. (Latest Edition). College Algebra and Trigonometry. Boston: 

PWS-Kent Company. 

� Swokowski, E. W. (Latest Edition).Fundamentals of Algebra and Trigonometry. 

� Walpole, R. E. (Latest Edition). Introduction of Statistics. Prentice Hall. 

29

COURSE TITLE: PRINCIPLES OF SOCIOLOGY-II 




The course is designed to introduce the students with sociological concepts and the discipline. 

The focus of the course shall be on significant concepts like social systems and structures, 

socio-economic changes and social processes. The course will provide due foundation for 

further studies in the field of sociology. 


Socialization and Personality 

� Role and status 

� Socialization, definitions, and types of socialization. 

� Agencies of socialization, 

� personality, definitions and factor in development of personality 

� Personality and self. 

� Theories of personality development, Eriksson stages, CH Coolly the looking galls 

self, Freud, psycho sexual development. 

Deviance, Social Order and Social Control 

� Deviance, Definition, types of deviance 

� Social control, definitions, 

� Formal and informal methods of social control 

� Social control through socialization, social control through social pressure, social 

control through force. 

� Social deviation and characteristics of deviation. 

� Crime, delinquency, and juvenile delinquency 

� Types of crimes 

� Theories of deviance. 

Social Stratification 

� Introduction, definitions and types of stratification. 

� Determinants of social stratification 

� Caste, class, ethnicity, power, prestige and authority 

� Definition of social class, determinants of social class, 

� The significance of social class. 

� Blue collar and white collar status. 

� Cast and class system in Pakistan. 

Social Mobility 

� Introduction, meaning and definition. 

30

� Dynamics of social mobility 

� Difference between mobility and migration 

� Various types of social mobility. 

� Advantages and disadvantages of social mobility. 

Collective Behaviors and Social Movements 

� Meaning and definitions of collective behaviors, 

� Nature of collective behaviors. 

� Crowed behavior. 

� Theories of behaviors, cognition theory, convergence theory, 

� Limitation on crowed behavior, 

� Some forms of crowed behavior, 

� Social Movements, meaning and definitions, kinds of social movements, theories of 

social movements, life cycle of social movements. 

Sex and Sexuality 

� Introduction and Definitions 

� Theoretical analysis of sexuality e.g. Structural- Functional, Symbolic Interaction, 

and Social Conflict. 

� Sexual issues and controversies e.g. Teen Pregnancy, Pornography, Prostitution, 

Abortion, and Sexual Violence and Abuse. 

� Sexually transmitted Disease. 


� Crooks Rebert, and Baur Karla. (2005). Our Sexuality. Singapore: Thomson 

Wadsworth. 

� Gidden, Anthony. (2002). Introduction to Sociology. UK: Polity Press. 

� Horton Paul B, and Hunt Chester L. (2004), Sociology. Singapore: McGraw Hill 

Company. 

� Macionis, John J. (2006). Sociology. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. 

� Rao, Shankar. (2010). Sociology. New Delhi: S. Chand. 

� Taga, Abdul Hameed.(2000). An introduction to sociology. Lahore. 

� Thio Axe. (2006). Sociology: An introduction. New York: Harper and Row. 

31

COURSE TITLE: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 



Course Objective: 

The course aims at familiarizing the students with the historical emergence, concepts, 

methods and theories of social psychology. It also focuses on highlighting the impact of 

culture on the personality development. The course would enable the students to 

conceptualize the dynamics and structure of social self. 


Introduction: 

� Meaning and Definition of Social psychology 

� Scope of Social psychology 

� Historical development of social psychology 

� Methods of social psychology 

� Differences between psychology and social psychology 

Social Relations: 

� Prejudice 

� Aggression 

� Attraction 

� Stereotypes and Discrimination 

� Conflict 

� Emotions 

Psychological Explanation of Human Behavior: 

� Explanation of Human behavior 

� Psych-analytic theory 

� Social- learning theory 

� Cognitive theory 

� Evolutionary theory. 

Socialization and Personality Development 

� Formal and Informal Agencies of Socialization 

� Role of positive and negative socialization in personality development 

� Types of Personality 

� Socio- cultural determinants of personality development 

� Theorists on Socialization and personality development. 

� Sigmund Freud 

� C.H. Cooley 

� B. F. Skinner 

� Erikson 

� G. H. Mead. 

Perception, Cognition, and Attitudes: 

� Meaning and Definition of Perception 

� Person perception 

� Object Perception 

32

� Non- verbal mediators person perception 

� Accuracy of person perception 

� Meaning and Definition of Cognition 

� Jean Piaget theory of cognition 

� Meaning and Definition of Attitudes 

� Characteristics of attitudes 

� Attitudes formation 

� Change in attitudes 

Group dynamics: 

� Group life 

� Formation of groups 

� Dimensions of group effectiveness 

� Dynamics of Leadership: 

� Leadership 

� Role and status, psycho-social factors underlying roles 

� Types of leaderships 

� Group morale and leadership 

COURSE RECOMMENDED BOOKS:- 

� Ajzen and Fishherin, H. (1980). Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social 

Behaviour. Englewood Cliffs: N.J. Prencie Hall Inc. 

� Allport, G.W. (1985). The Historical Background of Modern Social Psychology. 

New York: Random House. 

� Asch, Solomon E. (1955). Social Psychology. New York: Prentice Hall Inc. 

� Bonner, H. (1953). Social Psychology. New York: American Book Company. 

� Gazzaniga, Michael. S. and Heatherton, Todd. F. (2005). Psychological Science. 

New York: W.W. Norton & Company. 

� lder, A.(1925). The Practice and Theory of Individual Psychology. New York: 

Harcourt Brace. 

� Kumar, R. (2009). Child Development. New Delhi: APH Publishing Corporation. 

33

COURSE TITLE: SOCIAL PROBLEMS OF PAKISTANI SOCIETY 



Course objectives: 

To help students understand the multiple causes of the social problems of the society and 

possible ways to solve these problems. 


Social problems: 

� Definition and meaning of social problems 

� Importance of Social Problem 

� Difference between Social problems & natural Problems 

� Impact of Social Problems & Development 

Sociological Perspectives on Social Problems: 

� Social Pathology Perspective 

� Social Disorganization Perspective 

� Value Conflict Perspective 

� Deviant Behavior Perspective 

� Labeling Perspective 

� Critical Perspective 

� Social Constructionism Perspective 

Causes, Consequences and Sociological Explanation of the following Social 

Problems of Pakistani Society: 

� Over Population 

� Illiteracy 

� Poverty 

� Unemployment 

� Crime and Juvenile Delinquency 

� Child Labour 

� Drug Addiction 

� Faction and Feuds 

� Sectarian Violence 

� Terrorism 

� Prostitution 


� Bhatti, Iqbal. A. (1995). Model English Essays for Competitive Examinations. 

Lahore: Bhatti Publishers, Urdu Bazar. 

� Chaudhry, M. Iqbal. (1985). Pakistani Society. Lahore: Aziz Publishers, Urdu 

Bazar. 

� Earl,Rubington and Martin, S. Weinberg. (2003). The Study of Social Problem: 

Seven Perspectives. London: Oxford University Press. 

� Eitzen,D. Stanley & Mazine, Baca Zinn. (1996). Social Problems. Boston: Allyn 

& Bacon. 

34

� Horton, Paul.B & Gerald, R. Leslie. (1978). The Sociology of Social Problems. 

New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs. 

� Kenneth, J. Meubech. (1991). Social Problems: A critical approach 3rd Edition. 

London: McGraw Hill, 1991. 

35

COURSE TITLE: ENGLISH-III (TECHNICAL WRITING AND 

PRESENTATION 

SKILLS) 



Course Objectives: Enhance language skills and develop critical thinking 

Course Contents 


� Methods and Techniques 

Essay Writing 

� Descriptive 

� Narrative 

� Discursive 

� Argumentative 

Academic Writing 

� How to write a proposal for research paper/term paper 

� How to write a research paper/term paper (emphasis on style, content, language, 

form, clarity, consistency) 

Technical Report Writing 

Progress Report Writing 

Note: Extensive reading is required for vocabulary building 



Education. 






36





37

COURSE TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO ECONOMICS 

COURSE CODE: ECON-101 


Course Objective: To give knowledge about the economic principles and its implication 

to the 

Modern Society and the subject also provides knowledge about the theoretical concepts 

involved 

in common Economic phenomenon‟s. 


Introduction: 

� Meaning and Definition of Economic 

� Adam Smith, Marshall and Robbins Explanation of Economic and Criticism on it. 

� Nature, Scope, and Subject matter of Economic 

� History of Economic 

� Importance of Economic 

� Branches or Classification of Economic 

The Theory of Demand: 

� Introduction and Definition of Demand 

� Demand and Law of Demand 

� Changes in Demand Curve 

� Practical importance of Law of Demand 

� Elasticity of Demand 

The Theory of Supply: 

� Introduction and Definition of Supply 

� Supply and Law of Supply 

� Changes in Supply Curve 

Theory of Production: 

38

� Meaning of Production 

� Functions of Production 

� Factors of Production 

Concepts of National Income: 

� National Income (NI) 

� Gross Domestic Product(GDP) 

� Gross National Product (GNP) 

� Net National Product (NNP) 

� Personal Income (PI) 

� Disposable Income (DI) 

Money: 

� Meaning of Money 

� Functions of Money 

� Types of Money 

� Evaluation of Money 

Inflation: 

� Meaning of inflation 

� Types of Inflation 

� Causes of inflation in Pakistan 

� Control Mechanism of inflation 

Public Finance: 

� Meaning of Public Finance 

� Sources of Government Revenue 

� Heads of Government Expenditures 

39

� Tax and its Types. 


� Khawja , Abdul. Haleem. (2009). Economic Theory. Islamabad: Khawja and 

Khawja Publishing House. 

� Sloman, John. (1997). Economic. Singapore: Prentice Hall. 

� Brue, McConnell. (2000). Economic: Principles, Problems, and Policies. 

London: McGraw-Hill Irwim. 

� Frank, Robert.H and Bernanke, Ben.S. (2001). Principles of Economic. 

London: McGraw-Hill Irwim. 

� Souza, Errol. D. (2008). Macro Economics. India: Dorling Kindersley. 

40

� 

COURSE TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER 

COURSE CODE: COMP-101 


Course Objective: This course will enable students to understand different terms 

associated with computer and will enable them to identify various components of 

computer system. Along with this the course will also be helpful in understanding MS 

Office. 


Introduction: 

� Definitions and Importance of Computer 

� Basic Concepts of the Computer 

� Input and Output Devices 

� Classification of Computers 

� Functions of Computer 

� Storage Devices 

Software: 

� Concept of Software 

� Operating System 

� Programming and Application Software 

Word Process and Document Handling: 

� Creating a Document 

� Composing Educational Documents 

� Internet Browsing 

� Plagiarism 

� Email 

Spreadsheet (Excel): 

� Charts and Graphs 

� Sum/Subtractions/Multiplication/division 

� Sorting. 

� Database 

� Simulating and Modeling Change 

Power Point: 

� Composing Presentations 

� Delivering Presentations 

Data Communication: 

� The Internet: Browsers and Search Engines 

� Making and Opening Net ID 

� Email 

� E. Commerce 


� Faden, P.D. and Vogel, RM. (2003). Methods of Teaching. Boston: Mc-Graw 

41

Hills. 

� Norton, Peter .(2003).Introduction to Computers. New York: McGraw-Hill Book 

Co. 

2. Norton, P. and Spragu, D. (2001). Technology for Teaching. Boston: Allyn and 

Bacon. 

5. Sharma, A. (1999). Modern Educational Technology. New Delhi: Prentice-Hall 

Columbus. 

6. Sharma, S.R. (2000). Effective Classroom Teaching Modern Methods: 

Tools and Techniques. Jaipur: Mangal Deep Publications. 

42

COURSE TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC 

COURSE CODE: PHPY-101 



Basic Logical Concepts: 

� Definition of Logic. 

� Logic as a Science and Art 

� The scope of Logic 

� Propositions, Arguments 

� Conclusion-indicators and Premise-indicators 

� The Laws of Thought 

� Characteristics of Induction and Deduction 

The Uses of Language: 

� The basic uses of language 

� Discourse serving multiple functions 

� The forms of discourse 

� Kinds of agreement and disagreement 

Fallacies: 

� The classification of Fallacies 

� Fallacy of Relevance 

� Fallacy of Ambiguity 

Categorical Propositions: 

� The theory of Deduction 

� Classes and Categorical Propositions 

� The four kinds of Categorical Proposition 

� Quality, Quantity and Distribution 

� The traditional square of opposition 

� Obversion, Contraposition 

� Symbolism and Diagrams of Categorical Proposition 

Categorical Syllogism: 

� Standard form of Categorical Syllogism 

� The formal nature of Syllogistic arguments 

� Venn diagram technique for testing Syllogism 

� Syllogistic Rules and Fallacies 

� Exposition of the 15 Valid forms of Categorical Syllogism 

Syllogism in ordinary Language: 

� Syllogistic Arguments 

� Dilemma 

� Disjunctive and Hypothetical Syllogism 

Symbolic Logic: 

� Modern Logic and Symbolic Language 

� The symbols for Conjunction, Negation, and Disjunction 

43

� The precise meaning of Valid and Invalid 

� Testing arguments on Truth Table 

Science and Hypothesis: 

� Hypothesis 

� Scientific explanation and Unscientific explanation 


� Stewart, David and Blocker, Gene. H. (2006). Fundamentals of Philosophy. 

New Delhi: Pearson Education. 

� Copi, Iring. M. And Cohen, Carl. (2009). Introduction to Logic. New Delhi: 

Pearson Education. 

� Copi, Iring. M. , Cohen, Carl., Jetli, Priyadarshi. and Prabhakar, Monica. 

(2009).Introduction to Logic. New Delhi: Dorling Kindersley Pvt, Ltd. 

44

COURSE TITLE: PROJECT MANAGEMENT 




This subject will focus on the concept and implementation of the project cycle as a means of 

managing change in the human and physical environment. The introductory section will 

introduce students to the stages of the project cycle and to the associated terminology. Some of 

the tools used in implementing the cycle will be examined and appraised in the context of 

different approaches to project management. The emphasis in this subject will be on issues 

arising form project development and implementation, evaluating tools available for project 

managers and it is intended that the subject will complement the more theoretical policy 

oriented subjects of our M.Sc program. 

The learning outcomes of this subject and syllabus will be that student will have a critical 

awareness of and some experience of project management tools suitable for a range of 

developmental projects. Course Contents: 

What is a Project? 

� What are project for? 

� Why use the project approach? 

� How do projects relate to the process of policy implementation? 

� How have approaches to projects and project management changed in recent years? 

Approaches and Typology: 

� The different styles and types of project and alternative approaches to project 

management. 

� Project typology, management style, the question of scale. 

� Choosing an appropriate project style, 

� Participatory approaches in project management and implementation. 

� The partnership approach. 

Project Cycle. 

� Its role in the achievement off developmental goals and its different stages in detail. 

45

Impact Assessment (AC): 

� What is the role of impact assessment? 

� How does it fit into the project cycle? 

� Strategies for carrying out an Impact Assessment. 

� Different types of impact assessment – gender impact, social impact, environmental 

impact. 

Problem Identification and Participatory need assessment pus SWOT Analysis and 

Stakeholder Analysis. 

Project Formulation and Proposal 

Project Design , Concept Note, and Budget 

The Logical Framework approach to management- what, why and is it any god? Plus Critical 

Path Method (CPM) 

Project Implementation: 

� Budgeting, planning work schedules, 

� Record keeping, reporting, 

� Human Resource Management, 

� Training, 

� Group building, 

� Capacity building. 

Monitoring and Evaluation: 

� How to develop monitoring and evaluation systems, 

� Indicators etc, 

� Sustainability issues, 

� Ending a project failure and success. 


� DETR booklet- A guide to good practice in managing environmental projects. 

� Bond Guidance Notes No 4 on LFA (http://www.bond.org.uk 

� Cusworth JW and Franks TR (1993) Managing Projects in developing countries. Longman 

� D Lock (2000) Project Management. Gower, USA. 

� D Eade (1997) Capacity building – an approach to people centered development. Oxfam. 

46

� Geneva Group (1992) How to run a small development project. 

� P Healy (1997) Project management- Getting the job done in time and in budget. Oxford, 

Butterworth-Heinemann 

� C Kirkpatrick (1991) Project rehabilitation in developing countries, Longman. 

� C Kirkpatrick (1996) Cost Benefit analysis and project appraisal in developing countries. 

Edward Elgar. 

� D Lewis (2001) The management of non-governmental organisations. Earthscan, London. 

� C March, I Smyth & M Mukhopadyay (1999) A guide to gender analysis frameworks, Oxfam. 

� D Potts (2002) Project planning and analysis for development. Lynne Rienner, London. 

� P Williams (1995) Getting a project done on time: Managing people, time and results. 

AMACOM. 

� S Burkey (1996) People first- a guide to self reliant participatory rural development. Zed 

Books. 

� R Chambers (1997) Whose reality counts. ITDG. 

� S Bell & S Morse (1999) Sustainability Indicators. Earthscan 

� F Analoui (1991) Project management in the context of change, in Project rehabilitation in 

developing countries, ed. C. Kirkpatrick. 

� C Barrow (1997) Environmental and social impact assessment. Arnold, London. 

� G Channan, C Garrett and A West (2000) The new community strategies: how to involve local 

people, London, Community Development Foundation. www. Cdf.org.uk 

� D Eade (1997) Capacity building – an approach to people centred development. Oxfam. 

� A K Biswas and S B C Agarwala (1992) Environmental impact assessment for developing 

countires. 

� C Roche (1999) Impact Assessment for Development Agencies, Oxfam, Oxford. 

� CIDA (1995) Handbook on Environmental assessment of NGO Programs and Projects. 

� V Gianotten et al (1994) Assessing the gender impact of development projects. Oxfam, Oxford 

� Edwards M and Fowler A Eds. (2002) The Earthscan reader in NGO management. 

Useful Journals 

Institute of Development Studies Bulletin 

47

Development Policy Review 

Community Development Journal 

Project Appraisal 

Development in Practice 

Development and Change 

Note: Students can also get help from the website of World Bank, United Nations, Department for 

International Development, CIDA, US-AID, and there is lot of other websites which provide updated 

and useful information on project management. 

48

COURSE TITLE: SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS 




The purpose of this course is to acquaint students with the structure and function of society as 

well as social institutions, social structure and its influence on human behavior and how it 

shape social reality. How social institutions maintains it selves and how it change. 


Introduction: 

� Meaning, Definition and description of “Social Institutions”. 

� Structure and characteristics of social institutions 

� Functions of Social Institutions. 

� Sociological Perspectives on Social Institutions. 

Types of Social Institutions: 

� Primary 

� Secondary 

Introduction, Meaning, Definition, Functions, Importance, and Sociological 

Explanation of 

the following Social Institutions: 

� Family 

� Religious institutions 

� Political Institutions 

� Educational Institutions. 

� Economic Institutions 

Introduction to Civil society organizations: 

� Community Based Organizations 

� Community Citizen Board 

� Non Government Organizations 

� International Non Governmental Organizations 

� UN Bodies 

� Chamber of Commerce and Industries 


� Alam,Anwar .(2003).Principle of Sociology Saif . Peshawar: Saif Printing Press. 

� Bertrand, Alvin L. (1967). Basic Sociology: An introduction to Theory and 

Method. New 

York: Appletion Century Crofts. 

� Chaudhry, Muhammad Iqbal. (2000). Pakistani Society. Lahore: 

� Horton Paul, B.( 2002). Introduction to Sociology (4 th Edition). Delhi:Sage. 

� Safdar,Sarah. (2008). Introduction to Social work, 2 nd Edition. Peshawar: Saif 

Printing Press. 

49

COURSE TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE 

COURSE CODE: PS-101 


Course Objective: To give knowledge about the Political principles and its implication 

to the 

Modern Society and the subject also provides knowledge about the theoretical concepts 

involved 

in common Political phenomenon. 


Introduction: 

State: 

� Meaning and Definition of Political Science. 

� Subject matter of Political Science. 

� Scope and Importance of Political Science. 

� Relationship of Political Science with other Social Science. 

� Methods and approaches of Political Science. 

� Use of Political Science knowledge to the Contemporary Societies. 

� Meaning and Definition of state. 

� Forms of State 

� Elements of State. 

� Differentiation between State, Association, Nation, Government and Society. 

� Introduction, Definitions, and Sources of Law. 

� Introduction, Definition, Characteristics, and Forms of Governments. 

Legislations/Legislature: 

50

� Introduction, meaning and Definitions of Legislations/Legislature. 

� Functions and kinds of Legislations/Legislature. 

� Introduction, Definitions, Merits, Demerits, and Kinds of Referendum. 

Political Parties: 

UNO: 

� Introduction, meaning and Definitions of Political Parties. 

� Importance of Political Parties. 

� Functions of Political Parties. 

� Merits and Demerits of Political Parties. 

� Kinds of Political Parties. 

� Aims of UNO 

� Organs of UNO 

� Principles of UNO 

� Functions of UNO. 

Constitutional Development of Pakistan. 

� 1956 

� 1962 

� 1973 


� Agarwal, R.C. (2006). Political theory: Principles of political science. New Delhi: 

S. Chand & Co 

� Birkland, Thomas A.(2007). Lessons of Disaster: Policy Change After 

Catastrophic Events. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press. 

� Haq, Mazhar. (1996). Theory and practice in political science. Lahore: Book 

Land. 

51

� Roskin, Michael. G. (1997). Political science: an introduction. London: Prentice 

Hall. 

� SA.Syed .(2007). Political Science: Part-1. Nowshera: Classic Publishers Nowshera. 

� S.A.Syed .(2007).. Political Science: Part-II Nowshera: Classic Publishers Nowshera. 

� Sarwar, M. (1996). Introduction to political science. Lahore: Ilmi Kutub Khana. 

52

COURSE TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO EDUCATION 

COURSE CODE: EDU-101 



Introduction: 

� Meaning and Definition of Education 

� Importance of Education 

� Modes of Education. 

Foundation/Perspectives of Education: 

� Philosophical 

� Psychological 

� Socio-Cultural, and 

� Economic 

Instructional Objectives: 

� Goals 

� Aim 

� Objectives 

� Importance of Learning Objectives. 

� Taxonomy of educational Objectives. 

Teaching Methodology: 

� Traditional 

� Modern 

� Instructional Material. 

� Instructional Techniques. 

53

Class Room Management: 

Learning: 

� Criteria for students classification 

� Need for classification 

� Psychological factors of classification in system of examination. 


� Meaning and Definition 

� Nature of Learning. 

� Factors effecting learning. 

� Approaches of Learning (Behavioral and Cognitive). 

Educational Guidance and Counseling: 

� Definition and Nature of Guidance. 

� Role and Function of Guidance. 

� Counseling and its Principles. 


� Elias, John L. and Merriam, Sharan.(1984). Philosophical Foundation of 

Education. Malabar Florida: Krieger Publishing Company. 

� Friere, P.(1970). Pedagogy of the Oppressed: What we Consume. W.W.F and 

Richmond Publishing Company. 

� Gutek, Gerald L. (1988). Philosophical Thinking in Educational Practice. 

Westport: Con, Praeger Publisher. 

� Iqbal, M. (2001). Reconstruction of Religion Thoughts in Islam. 

� National Education policies, (1972, 1979, 1998, 2010). 

54

COURSE TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO MUSLIM LAW 

COURSE CODE: LAW-101 


Course Objective: To give knowledge about different sources of Muslim law and its 

importance to students in particular and Muslim society in general. 


Introduction 

� Definition of law and Muslim law 

� Importance of law and Muslim law 

� Subject matter of law and Muslim law. 

Will (Wasiyat) 

� Introduction and definition of will 

� Forms of will (Wasiyat) 

Gift (Hiba) 

Waqf 

� Introduction of gift 

� Definition of gift 

� Essentials of gift 

� Forms of gift (Hiba). 

� Introduction of Waqf 

� Definition of Waqf 

� Requisites of Waqf 

� Principles of Waqf 

� Forms of Waqf. 

Marriage 

� Introduction and definition 

56

Dower 

� Essentials of marriage. 

� Differences between shia and sunni marriages. 

� Valid (sahih) 

� Irregular (fasid) 

� Void (batil) 

� Muta marriage. 

� Introduction and definition of dower. 

� Kinds of dower. 

Divorce (Talaq) 

� Introduction and definition of divorce 

� Different modes and kinds of divorce (Talaq). 

Explanation of Islamic jurisprudence. 

Sources of islamic law: 

� Quran, 

� Sunnah and hadith, 

� Ijma,qiyas, 

� Masaleh-i-mursala-istislah, 

� Ijtihad, and 

� Taqlid. 


� Ahmad. Nazir. (2006). Muslim law & Islamic jurisprudence. Peshawar: islamia 

book agency. 

57

COURSE TITLE: SOCIAL POLICY AND PLANNING 


CEDIT HOURS: 03 


To enable the students to learn planning concepts, components and determinants of social 

policy and their importance in social work practice. 


Social Policy: 

� Definition, meaning, scope nature, concept and principles 

� Constituents of Social Policy 

� Objectives of Islamic social policy 

� Social Legislation as instruments of social policy. 

� Determinants of social policy 

� Formulation of social policy; Vision, mission, goal, statements 

� Objectives of social welfare policy 

� Affirmation, restoration and consolidation of the dignity integrity 

and honor of the individual. 

� Protection and strengthening of the family as the basic unit of 

society, with particular emphasis on kindness and respect to parents 

� Ensuring that women enjoy right – legal, social, cultural, economic, 

educational and political – which Islam has guaranteed to them. 

� Self reliance, mutual consultation, social cohesion and cooperation 

in all aspects of national life 

� Strategy to achieve objectives 

� Social welfare policy of Pakistan 1994 

Welfare Planning: 

� Definition and concept of welfare planning 

� Interdependence of economic, social and physical planning 

� Steps of Social Planning (what, why, when, who, where, how) 

� Organizational and administrative frame work for planning 


� Khan, Alfred J. (Latest Ed). Studies in social policy & planning. New York: 

Russell Sage Foundation. 

� Henry,Sheldon. (1950). Planning for Development. USA: Cambridge press. 

� Lakhshmanna, S.P. (1990). Social Action & Social Change, India: Ajanta 

Publications. 

� Morris, Rofer. (Latest Ed). Feasible Planning for Social Change, New York: 

Columbia University 

� Rafiq, S.Z. (2003). Community Development: Concept & Practice. Peshawar: 

Saif Printing Press. 

58

� Stephen, P. Robbins. (2001). The administrative process. New Jersey: Prentic 

Hall Inc. Engleword cliff. 

59

COURSE TITLE: GENDER & DEVELOPMENT 




The concepts about gender relations will be learnt. The historical movements and feminist 

perspectives about gender relations will be explored. The course will provide understanding 

about globalization and its role towards changing gender relation in various societies around 

the world. Special emphasis shall be given to Muslim and Pakistani societies. Specific areas of 

gender discrimination (both for men and women) will also be learnt. 


The concept of gender & feminists’ concept of gender inequality: 

� The meaning and Definition of Gender & related concepts 

� Sociological Perspectives on Gender 

� Differences between Gender and Sex 

� Feminist Movements: Review of the assumptions of various feminist movements 

& their critique 

� Gendered Critique of Development Theories 

Putting ‘gender’ on the development agenda: 

� Brief History & Characteristic functions of IMF & The World Bank 

� IMF-World Bank and the History of Development Interventions 

� The Movement of „Women in Development (WID)‟ through „Women & 

Development (WAD)‟ to „Gender & Development (GAD)‟ 

� The Gendered nature of Structural Adjustment Policies (SAPs): men‟s and 

women‟s poverty under SAPs 

� The Feminization of Poverty? 

� Documentary Film Showing: „Storyville: Life and Debt in Jamaica‟ 

Gender, poverty and livelihoods in the developing world: 

� The meaning and definition of Poverty: Analyzing the indicators used for the 

definition of Poverty 

� Causes of Poverty 

� A Gendered Perspective on the definition & Critique of Poverty 

60

� Strategies of Poverty Alleviation 

� Critique of Poverty Alleviation from Gendered Perspective 

� Differences and Commonalities between men‟s and women‟s experiences of poverty 

in The „North‟ and the „South‟ 

Gender, environment, and globalization: 

� The rise of „environment‟ on the Development Agenda: From Environmentalism to 

„Our Common Future‟ 

� Feminists‟ notions about Environmental crisis: The „Women Environment and 

Development‟ (WED) 

� Globalization: its meaning and context for the „South‟ 

� Global Industrial developments: outsourcing and women‟s labour in industries 

Gender-analysis of development project: 

� Gender-based analysis: assumptions, applicability and critique of various Gender 

Framework Analyses 

� Key components of gender-based project proposal writing and planning 


� Bernstein, H. (2000). Colonialism, Capitalism , Development in Allen, T. & 

Thomas, A. (eds.) Poverty and Development in to the 21 st Century. Oxford: O.U. 

Press. 

� Connelly, M.P., MacDonald,M. and Parpart, J. L. (2000). „Feminism And 

Development: Theoretical Perspectives‟ in Parpart, J. L. Connely, M. P. and 

Barriteau, V. E. (Eds.), Theoretical Perspectives on Gender and Development. 

Ottawa: International Development Research Centre (IDRC). 

� Crow, B. (2000). Understanding Famine and Hunger in Tim Allen, & Alan 

Thomas (eds.), Poverty and Development into the 21 st Century. Oxford: Oxford 

University Press. Henslin, J M. (1997). Sociology: A Down-to-earth Approach. 

Boston: Allyn and Bacon. 

� Hewit, T. (2000). Half a Century of Development in Allen, T. & Thomas, A. 

(eds.) Poverty and Development in to the 21 st Century. Oxford: O.U.Press. 

� Thomas, A. (2000). Meanings and Views of Development‟ (Chapter – 2) in Tim 

Allen & Alan Thomas (eds), „Poverty and Development into the 21 st Century. 

Oxford: Oxford University Press. 

61

� 

COURSE TITE: INDUSTRIAL SOCIOLOGY 




The course will provide familiarity about the basic concepts, theories and process of 

industrial sociology. 


Introduction: 

� Industry and Society 

� Industry and Social Stratification 

� Work, Occupation, Industry, Organization, Factory and Management 

Industrialization: 

� Social Theory of Productive System 

� Antecedent of Industrialization in west 

Theoretical Contributions on Industrialization 

Formal Organization: 

� Bureaucracy 

� Organizational Charts (Structure) 

� Trade Union, and theories of Unionism 

Work ethics in Islam 

� Division of Labor 

� Work ethics 

� Distribution of Wealth 

6. Industrialization in Pakistan 

� Historical view of Industrial Development 

� Problems and Prospects of Industrialization in Sociological Perspective 

� Industrial Relationship in Pakistan 

Trade Unionism in Pakistan 

� Labor Movement 

� Trade Unionism 

� Union Leadership and Collective Bargaining 

Labour Policies in Pakistan 

� Historical Perspective and social change 

� Analysis of wages 


� Hall, R.H. (1995). Organization: Structure, Process and Outcomes. California: 

prentice Hall. 

� Health, Christian and luff, Pual. (2000). Technology in action. Cambridge: 


� Theobland. (1994). Understanding Industrial Society: A Sociological Guide. New 

York : St. Merton Press. 

62

COURSE TITLE: DISASTER MANAGEMENT 




More and more the need to consider „natural‟ disasters and their impacts as part of the wider 

development discourse is recognized. While aiming to introduce students to the contemporary 

disaster debates, the course will also use concrete examples and evidence from recent events to 

highlight „good practice‟ in relief and reconstruction efforts from a gendered vulnerability 

perspective. The oft-ignored issues of emotional trauma, increased violence and spatial and 

social dislocation that disasters may provoke will also be considered in some depth, alongside 

discussion of the possibilities for change that large-scale disaster offer. 

More specifically, the students of this course will get an understanding of the underlying 

causes of „natural‟ disasters and their links with present developmental processes. Additionally, 

basic knowledge of relief and reconstruction initiatives and gender frameworks for their 

implementation. Plus understanding of the possible wider implications of disasters both 

„negative‟, the trauma and violence that may follow, and the possibilities for positive social 

transformation. 


� What is disaster and Hazard and the difference between disaster and hazard, 

� Types of disasters-Natural disasters and Man-made disaster including Famine, Biological 

hazards, Floods, Storms, Earthquakes, Volcanic Eruptions, Accidents, Political and complex 

emergencies 

� Points of debate and myths about disaster and development 

� What is relief, emergency response (Sphere Project) , and rehabilitation 

� What is vulnerability and risk 

� The role of local, national and international agencies in disaster response 

� The role of media in disaster response 

� Secondary disasters: Trauma or Psycho-social aspect and Violence 

� Community based disaster risk management, importance of community-based 

� Global Policy Framework: Hyogo framework For Action 2005-2015 


� Alexander, D .(2000). Confronting Catastrophe: New perspectives on Natural Disasters. 

New York: Oxford University Press. 

64

Web pages: 

� Alley, E et al .(1993). Combating the vulnerability of communities in P. Meriman and C. 

Browitt (eds) Natural Disasters: Protecting vulnerable communities. London: Thomas 

Telford. 

� Anderson, M. and Woodrow, P. (1999). Rising from the Ashes: Development Strategies 

in Times of Disasters, 2 nd ed. London: IT Press. 

� Blaikie, Piers et al .(1994). At Risk: Natural Hazards, People‟s vulnerability and 

Disasters. London and New York: Routledge. 

� Enarson, E and Morrow, B (eds) .(1998). The Gendered Terrain of Disaster: Through 

Women‟s Eyes. Westport. 

� Lewis, J .(1999). Development in Disaster-prone Places: Studies of vulnerability. 

London: Intermediate Technology Publications. 

� Maskrey, A. (1989) .Disaster Mitigation: A Community Based Approach. Oxford: 

Oxfam. 

� Rapley, J. (1996). Understanding Development: Theory and Practice in the Third World: 

UCL press. 

� Williams, Susan et al .(994) The Oxfam Gender Training Manual. UK and Ireland: 

Oxfam. 

� Wood, A et al (eds) .(2001). Evaluating International Humanitarian Action: reflections 

from practitioners. London and New York: Zed Books: 

� Varley, A (ed) .(1994). Disasters, Development and Environment. Wiley: Chichester. 

� Relief Web http : // www.reliefweb.int/w/rwb.nsf 

� Sphere project http://www.sphereproject.org/ 

� Trauma La Red de Mujeres Contra la Violencia (2004) Rebuilding Lives, Rebuilding 

Nicaragua: The importance of emotional recovery in the face of natural disasters and gender 

violence (abridged translation). http://www.wccnica.org/Rebuilding.pdf 

� Violence: Bradshaw, Sarah (2002) „Exploring the gender dimensions of reconstruction 

processes post-hurricane Mitch‟ Journal of International Development 14, 871-879 

� ASCE World Congress on Disaster Reduction: 

http://www.asce.org/conferences/disaster2001/ 

65

� Centre for Science and Environment: http://www.cseindia.org/index.html 

� Disaster Mitigation for Sustainable Livelihoods Programme, University of Cape Town: 

http://www.egs.uct.ac.za/dimp/ 

� Earthquakes and Mega cities Initiative: http://www.megacities.physik.uni-karlsruhe.de/ 

� Gender and Disaster Network: http://www.anglia.ac.uk/geography/gdn 

� Humanitarian Practice Network : http://www.odihpn.org/ 

� ISDR (United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction) : http://www.unisdr.org/ 

� Multidisciplinary Centre for Earthquake Engineering Research (MCEER): 

http://www.mceer.buffalo.edu/ 

66

COURSE TITLE: RURAL SOCOLOGY 



Aims and Objective: 

The course aims at providing knowledge of basic concepts of rural sociology to the 

students. Moreover an in-depth understanding of structure of rural society will be carried 

out. The course focuses on issues relating to the study of rural people and places, as well 

as rural related issues in both advanced and developing countries. This course is designed 

to explore the changing nature of rural development in the global economy. 

Course Outline 

� Introduction to Rural Sociology 

� Rural Sociology as a Science 

� Rural Sociology and Other Social Sciences. 

� Basic Concepts and Processes 

� An understanding of the Rural Social System 

� Caste and "baradari" structure 

� Fractions, dispute and "We-groups". 

� Problems of small and fragmented holding 

� Landless tenants and agricultural labor. 

� Social stratification and social differentiation 

� Basic Concepts and action: 

� Group, Role and Status, Norms and Values, Folkways and Mores 

� Social Systems and Sub-systems 

� Rural Culture, Social Processes in Rural Society, 

� Rural Social Institutions, Technology and Rural Society. 

� Social Change and Rural Society 

� Rural Settlement 

� Small scale farming 

� Feudalism, Capitalism, Family farming 

� Agrarian politics and village development, 

5. Relationship between technological and socio economic aspect of rural society. 

� Gender and Development 

� Role and status of Rural Woman 

� Pattern of Rural Settlement 

67

6. Rural Resources 

� Land Tenure System, size of landholdings. 

� Rural Social structure, provision of services in rural area; health, education and 

sanitation etc. 

Recommended Books:- 

� Chitamber, J.B. "2003."Introductory Rural Sociology, 2nd Edition, New Age 

International (P) Limited Publisher, New Delhi. 

� Chitamber, J.B. 1975. An Introduction to Rural Sociology, New Delhi Balley Eastern 

Ltd. 

� Dalal, B. 2003. Rural Planning in Developing Countries, New Delhi, Earthscan. 

� Khan, Nowshad 2000. Rural Poverty Alleviation, National Book Foundation, 

Islamabad 

� Setty, E.2002, New Approaches to Rural Development Amal Publications Pvt.Ltd. 

� Social Policy and Development Centre.2000. Social Development in Pakistan,New 

York, Oxford University Press. 

68

COURSE TITLE: COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT 



Introduction: 

� Meaning & definition of Community Development. 

� World history Community Development 

� History of Community Development in Pakistan. 

� Elements/Characteristics of Community Development. 

� Objectives of community development. 

� Basic principles of community development. 

� Functions of community development worker. 

� Elements of community development. 

� Philosophy of community development. 

� Limitation in community development. 

History of Community Development Programme In Pakistan 

� Pre-Partition Programmes: 

� F L Bryne‟s Gurgan Programme, 

� Gandhi‟s Programme, 

� Rabindranath‟s Programme 

� Post-Partition Programmes: 

� Village-AID Programme, 

� Rural Works Programme (including Basic Democracies), 

� People‟s Works Programme, 

� Social Action Programme, 

� Khushal Pakistan Programme, 

� Rural Support Programmes (RSPs) 

� International Development Efforts: 

� U.N‟s Millennium Development Goals – problems and prospects with 

reference to Pakistan 

Community Development in International Context: 

� Basic Needs Approach: Assumptions, Practices & critique 

� Participatory Approach: Assumptions, Principles & Critique 

� Rights-Based Approach: Assumptions, Principles & Critique 

Planning/ Social Planning: 

� Planning meaning and definition. 

� Kinds of planning 

� Principles of planning 

� Importance of planning 

69

� Basic steps of planning 

� Social planning 

� Various steps for social planning 

� Importance of social planning. 

Non-Governmental Organisations & Community Development: 

� The Meaning, variety & Typologies of NGOs 

� Legal status of NGOs in Pakistan: Laws, acts concerning NGOs 

� Profile of NGOs in Pakistan: Figures & facts about NGOs; Government‟s stance 

Towards NGOs in Pakistan 

� The Dilemmas of NGOs: Issues of Accountability & Transparency 

� The problems & prospects of NGOs operations in Pakistan: The Political, 

economic, socio-cultural, environmental and NGOs Operation 

Analysis, Planning & Evaluation in Community Development: 

� Social Assessment: the process and methods of social assessment 

� Stake-holder Analysis Techniques: stake-holder analysis matrices 

� Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA): Principles of PRA, Techniques –Interviews, 

Participatory mapping, Institutional mapping, problem, wealth & preference 

Ranking, seasonal calendars & daily activity charts 

� Participatory Monitoring & evaluation: Principles, cycle, stages, & methods of 

participatory monitoring evaluation. 


� D, Josselin and W, Wallace (eds.). (2001). Non-State Actors in World Politics. 

Houndmills: Palgrave. 

� Edwards, Michael and Fowler, Alan. (2006). The Earthscan Reader on NGO 

Management. Londo: Earthscan. 

� Grosser, Chales. F. (1973). New Direction In Community Organization. London: 

Pareger Publisher. 

� Rafique, Zari. (1985). Techniques And Methods In Community Development. 

University Of Peshawar: Department Of Social Work. 

� Edwards, Michael. (2000). NGO Rights and Responsibilities: A new deal for 

global governance. London: Foreign Policy Centre. 

� Fisher, J. (1998). NGOs and the Political Development of the Third World. 

London: Kumarian Press. 

� Held,D. and McGrew,A. (2002). Governing Globalisation: Power, Authority and 

Global Governance. Cambridge: Polity Press 

� Nayyar,D. (2002). Governing Globalisation: Issues and Institutions.Oxford: OUP. 

70

COURSE TITLE: SOCIAL DEMOGRAPHY 




The course is designed to help the students to understand that sociology has a significant 

responsibility to contribute to population planning activities. It is further to help the students to 

recognize that the problem of population planning require entire professional activity or 

approach. 


Introduction: 

� Definition of Demography, Population studies: 

� Sociology and Demography 

� Demography and other Social Sciences 

� Development of Demography 

� Sources of Demographic Data 

� Methods 

� Census 

� De facto 

� De Jure 

World Population Growth And Distribution: 

� Historical perspective 

� Current situation 

� Comparative Analysis of Developed and under Developed countries. 

� Societal Response to population Growth and change 

Theories On Population: 

� Malthusian 

� Post Malthusian 

� Demographic Transition 

Components Of Population Change: 

� Fertility, 

� Fecundity, 

� Mortality 

� Migration 

Population Of Pakistan: 

� Size and Pattern of growth: 

� Regional and Rural Urban distribution 

� Composition of population, 

� Levels of fertility and Mortality. 

� Socio-cultural determinant and consequences of population problems 

Population Control: 

� Population control techniques (world wise) 

� Population control/family planning in Pakistan 

71

� Obstacles to family planning in Pakistan 

� Role of Government and NGO‟s in population control/family planning in Pakistan 

Basic Concept: 

� Crud Birth Rate 

� Crud Death Rate 

� Growth Rate 

� General Fertility Rate (GFR) 

� Morbidity 


� Calenderone, M.S. (1970). Manual of Family Planning 2nd ed. Baltimore: The 

Williams and Wilking Co. 

� Carllenge, Bryan. (1992). Monitoring the Environment. London: Oxford Printing 

Press. 

� Ehrltoh & Ehrltch. (1970). Population Resources, Environments Issues in Human 

Ecology. San-Francisco: W.H. Freeman and co. 

� Hankinson, R.K.S. (1969). Family Planning and National development. London: 

International Planned Parenthood. 

� Katchadourian, H.A.(1072). Fundamentals of human Sex laity. New York: Hold, 

Rinchart and Winston, Inc. 

� Lee, Lake T. (1971). Studies in Family Planning Vol.4. New York: Population 

Council. 

� Mansoff, M.T. (ed), (1970). Family Planning Training for Social Service. New York: 

Planned Parenthood-World Population. 

72

COURSE TITLE: SOCIOLOGY OF RELIGION 




The course focuses on providing knowledge to the students regarding core concepts, 

theories and function of religion in the integration of society. Sociological analysis of the 

major religions with special focus on Islam will be carried out. 


Introduction of Religion 

� Meaning and Definition of Religion 

� Elements of Religion. 

� Basic components of religion 

� Differences between Religion and Magic 

Theories of Religion 

� Classical theories of social change. 

� Herbert Spencer 

� August Comte 

� Ibn-ekhaldun 

� Karl Marx. 

� Max Weber 

� P.A Sorokin 

� F. Tonnics 

� Arnold J. Toynbee. 

� Talcott persons 

� Ralf Dahranderf 

� C.Wright. Mill 

Oswald SpenglerThe Sociological Functions of Religion 

� Universal Order of Religion 

� Pragmatism in Religion 

� Integrating Power of Religion, and Religion and Social Ideals. 

� Religion and Social Control 

� Religion and Social Change 

� Religion and Socialization 

Sociological Analysis of major world religions: 

� Islam 

� Judaism 

� Hinduism 

� Christianity 

73

� Confucianism and Buddhism. 

The world view of Islam 

� Human Nature and Human Personality 

� Prophet‟s Sunnah as the Normative matrix of Islamic culture and Society 

� Normative Foundation of Islamic Social Structure of Society 

� Major Components of Social Structure 

� Groups and Institutions in Islamic Society 

� Institution of family and its place in the Islamic Social Scheme, socialization in 

Islamic Framework, persuasion and Motivation and their relation to Socialization 

Development of Attitudes. 

Ecclesia, Cult, Sects, and Domination. 

Recommended Books: 

� Binder, Leonard .(1963). Religion and Politics in Pakistan. California: University of 

California Press. 

� Evan, Prithard E.F. (1965). Theories of Primitive Religions. Oxford: Claneolan 

Press. 

� Azzan, Salem. (1982). Islam and Contemporary Society (ed.). London and New 

York: Islamic Council of Europe and Longman. 

� Johnstone, Ronald L. (1975). Religion and Society in Interaction: The Sociology of 

Religion, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. 

� Johnstone, Ronald L. (1975). Religion and Society in Interaction: The Sociology of 

Religion. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. 

� Schneider, Louis. (1964). Religion, Culture and Society: A Reader in the Sociology 

of Religion. New York: John Wiley and Sons. 

� Schneider, Louis .(1970). Sociological Approach to Religion. New York: Wiley and 

Sons. 

� Thompson, Ian. (1988). Religion: Sociology in Focus Series. London: Longman. 

� Vernon, Glenn M. (1962), Sociology of Religion, NewYork McGraw Hill. 

� Vernon, Glenn M. (1962). Sociology of Religion. New York: MacGraw-Hill. 

74

COURSE TITLE: SOCIAL WELFARE MANAGEMENT & SOCIAL 

ADMINISTRATION 




� To acquaint the student with the concept of Social welfare policy planning and 

administration 

� To familiarize the student with the government‟s development plans and with the 

processes and methods of social planning 

� To provide the students the importance of administration and enable them to learn 

skills and techniques of administration and supervision roles. 

Course contents: 

Social welfare administration 

� Definition meaning and scope of social welfare administration 

� What is administration 

� Who are administrator 

� Nature and functions of administration 

� Administration process (planning, organizing leading and coordination and 

controlling decision making 

Planning: 

� Why plan 

� Planning process 

� Types of plans 

� Objective setting 

� Forecasting 

� Steps in planning 

� Principles of planning 

Organizing: 

� Definition, nature and purpose of organizing 

� Process of organizing 

� Steps for organizing 

� Principles of organizing 

� What is an organizing 

� Characteristics of organization 

� Formal and informal organization 

� Classification of organization 

� Meaning & definition of authority 

� Sources of authority 

� Types of authority 

� Delegation and decentralization of authority 

Leading: 

� Definition, meaning, importance 

� Administrator versus leader 

75

� Theories of leadership 

� Trait theories 

� Behavioral theories 

� Contingency theories 

� Transformational theories 

Staffing: 

� Definition, meaning, and importance 

� Recruitment: 

� Job description, 

� Job specification, 

� Training 

� Motivation theories 

� Retirement, Pension and other benefits 

Supervision: 

� Definitions, 

� Goal 

� Aspects and functions of supervisor, 

� Supervision vs. Inspection 

Controlling: 

� Definition and meaning 

� Controlling process 

Budgeting: 

� Definition, meaning and scope 

� Types of budgeting 

Decision making: 

� Meaning and definition of decision making 

� Steps in decision making 

� Decision making styles: Directive, Analytical, Conceptual and Behavioral 

� Management by objective (MBO) definition, advantages and disadvantages. 


� Donnison, D.V. Social Policy and Administration. London: Allen & Unwin. 

� Jenkins, s. (ed.) Social Security in International perspective. New York: 

Columbia University Press. 

� Khan, Alfred J. Studies in Social policy and planning. New York: Russell Sage 

Foundation. 

� Government of Pakistan 5 year Development Plan. Islamabad Planning and 

Development. 

76

COURSE TITLE: SOCIAL CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT 




The course is designed to help students to know about the basic concepts of Social 

change and development and its role in formulation and implementation of policies. 


Introduction: 

� Conceptual distinction of social change and cultural change. 

� Essentials of social change. 

� Social Change and related concepts. 

� Process of social change. 

� Various dimensions of social change. 

� Magnitude, rate of social change. 

� Causative factors of social change. 

Theories of Social change: 

� Herbert Spencer 

� August Comte 

� Ibn-ekhaldun 

� Karl Marx. 

� Max Weber 

� P.A Sorokin 

� F. Tonnics 

� Arnold J. Toynbee. 

� Talcott persons 

� Ralf Dahranderf 

� C.Wright. Mill 

� Oswald Spengler 

Modernization and social change: 


� Modernization and related concepts 

� Causes and consequences of modernization 

� Theories of modernization 

Analysis of socio-economic development in modernizing /modern countries: 


� Development- nature and its scope. 

� Elements of development 

� Pre-requisite and basic principles and indicators of development 

� Instruments, approaches, dimensions and implications of development. 

� Sociological and economic concepts of development. 

� Development continuum- development and under development. 

� Planned and unplanned development. 

77

� Sustainable development 

Problems in development: 

� Non availability of physical resources 

� Lack of technical know how 

� Availability of appropriate human resources 

� Socio-cultural and psychological constraints/barriers in the way of socio- 

economic development 

� Remedial measures and planning for development 

Analysis of development: 

� Tools of development 

� Development interventions 

� Rural development practices 

� Participatory rural appraisal(PRA) 

� Rapid Rural Appraisal(RRA) 

� Monitoring and evaluation of the development project 

� Country Strategy paper on development 

COURSE RECOMMNDED BOOKS: 

� Ettizioni, A.E. (1964). Social Change. New York: Basic Book Inc. 

� Kothari, Uma. (2002). Development theory and Practice: Critical Perspectives. 

New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 

� Lapiere, R.T. (1965). Social Change. New York: Mcgraw Hill Book Company. 

� Laxmi, Devi. (1998). Encyclopedia of Women Development & Family welfare 

Institute of Sustainable Development. Lukhnow: Anmol Publications Pvt . 

� Moore, W.E.(1974). Social Change. London: N.J Prantice Hall, Inc. 

� Merner, . (1958). The Passing Of Traditional Society. New York: The Free Press. 

� Pietese, Jan Nederveen. (2001). Development theory: 

Deconstruction/Reconstruction. New Delhi: Vistaar Publishers. 

� Sahni, Pardeep. (2003). Governance for Development: Issues and Strategies. New 

Delhi: Prentice Hall. 

� Schech, Susanne. (2002). Development: A cultural Studies Reader. Australia: 

Blackwell Publishing. 

� Sharma, N.K. (2000). Economic Growth and Development. Jaipur: RBSA 

Publishers. 

� Smith, A.D. (1973). The Concept Of Social Change: A Critique On Functionalist 

Theory Of Social Change). London: Rultedge And Kegan Paul. 

78

COURSE TITLE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY-I 




The course aims to learn about the basic concepts of social research, various research 

methodologies, both quantitative and qualitative. The students will learn about the usage of 

various methodologies while conducting research on different topics. The main tools and 

research techniques will be studied. It is assumed that the students have a background in basic 

social statistics and in social theories. The students will also learn about certain specific 

computer software like SPSS, NUDIST and Ethnograph. Course Contents: 

Introduction 

� Meaning and Definitions of Social Research 

� Characteristics of Social Research 

� Theory and Research 

� Types of Social Research 

� Quality of good researcher 

� Ethics in Social Research 

Steps in Research: 

� Formulating a Research Problem. 

� Importance of Formulating a Research Problem 

� Sources of Research Problem 

� Consideration in selecting a Research Problem 

� Establishing operational definitions. 

� Review of relevant literature. 

� Place of literature in research 

� Sources of literature 

� Ethics in literature collection 

� Writing up the literature review. 

� Theoretical framework. 

� Formulation of Objectives 

� Characteristics of objective 

� Main objectives 

� Sub objectives 

� Formulation of research question 

� Identifying Variables. 

� Meaning and definition of Variable 

� Differences between concepts, variables, and indicators. 

� Types of Variable: 

� Dependent Variable 

� Independent Variable 

� Extraneous Variable 

� Intervening Variable 

� Active variable 

79

� Attribute Variable 

� Categorical variable 

� Constant Variable 

� Dichotomous Variable 

� Polytomous Variable 

� Constructing research hypothesis 

� Tools of data collection 

� Data analysis 

� Report Writing 

� Contents of Reports 

� Types of reports 

� References and Bibliography 

Sampling and Hypotheses: 

� Meaning and Definitions of Sampling 

� Differences between Sampling and Censes 

� Sampling and sample size 

� Types of Sampling 

� Meaning and Definitions of Hypotheses 

� Functions of Hypothesis 

� Characteristics of hypothesis 

� Types of Hypothesis 

� Logical of disconfirming Hypothesis 

� Double- Barreled Hypothesis 

� Null Hypothesis 

� Alternative Hypothesis 

� Potential Error in Casual Explanation 

� Tautology 

� Teleology 

� Ecological Fallacy 

� Reductionism 

� Spuriousness 


� Alwin, Duene .F. (2007). Margins of Error; A Study of Reliability in Survey 

Measurments. U.S.A : John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 

� Babbie, Earl. (2004). The Practice of Social Research. 10 th Edition. Belmont: CA 

Words Worth Publishing. 

� Bridge, Semekh & Culhy. (2005). Research Methods in the Social Science. New 

Delhi: Vistaar Publiser. 

� Christopher, Winship. (2003). Sociological Methods and Research. London: Sage 

Publications. 

� Dooly, David. (2001). Social Research Methods. New Delhi: Prentice- Hall Private 

Limited. 

� Jackson, Sherri.L. (2008). Research Methods: A Modular Approach. USA: Thomson 

Higher Education. 

80

� Kumar, Ranjit. (2009). Research Methodology: A Step by Step Guide for Beginners. 


� Neuman, W. Lawrence. (2006). Social Research Methods: Qualitative & Quantitative 

Approaches. New Delhi: Pearson Education. 

81

COURSE TITLE: HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT AND NGO’s 

MANAGEMENT 




Introduction 

� Meaning and difference between social organizations 

� Formal and informal organization 

� Characteristics of formal organization 

Theories of Formal Organization 

� Classical Organization theory 

� Neoclassical organization theory 

� System approach to organization 

Organizational Structure and Human Resource Development 

� Meaning and Interrelationship of organizational size, complexity and 

normalization 

� Meaning and types of human resource development activities 

Organizational Process 

� Motivation 

� Power and authority 

� Leadership 

� Communication 

� Conflict 

� Decision-making 

Human Resource Administration 

� Role of human resource development in organization and socialization of 

employees 

� Training and develop of employees 

� Career planning and human resource development 

� Meaning and problems of performance appraisal 

General Problems in Organizations in Pakistan 

� Structural problems 

� Operational problems 

� Behavioral problems 


� Ahuja, K.K. (1993). Management and Organization. Delhi: CBS Publishers and 

Distributors. 

� Amita, Etizoni. (latest ed). Modern Organization. Engleweed: Cliff New Jersy 

� Davis, Newstrom .(1992). Organizational Behaviour: Human Behaviour at Work. 

New York: MacGraw-Hill, Inc. 

� Hodson, Randy .(1990). The Social Organization of Work. Belmont: Wordsworth 

Publications 

82

� Richard, H. Hall (Latest ed.) Organizations: Structure and Processes, Prentice 

Hall 

� Weihrich and Koontz. (1993). Management: A Global Perspective (10 th ed). New 

Yrok: MacGraw-Hill, Inc. 

COURSE TITLE: SOCIOLOGY OF INFORMATION AND 

COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES (ICTs) 

COURSE CODE: 220 



What fuels technology change? 

� The mythology of technology. 

� Is technology neutral? 

� Mythology and gun control. 

� Technology‟s relationship to power and privilege. 

� The ABC of technological advantage. Progress- for whom?. 

� Being postmodern. The challenge of change. 

Technology adoption and diffusion 

� Piecing together an understanding of techno-culture. 

� The social control of telephone. 

� Discourse analysis and the social biography of things. 

� The expectation and experience of technology of things. 

� The theories of adoption and diffusion. 

� High and low involvement in technology adoption. 

� Adopter characteristics. Factors which affect product diffusion. 

� Interpersonal influence. 

� Opinion leaders. 

� VALS (Value and lifestyles segmentation). 

Domestication of technologies 

� What is a „domesticated technology? 

� Integrating technology into the household. 

� Imagining community. Boundary markers. 

� Technology as boundary-breaker. 

� Power and consumption. Maslow‟s hierarchy of needs. 

� Applying Maslow‟s theory to online behaviour. 

� Household validation and the exploration of experience. 

� Researching the dream. 

Fragmenting mass media in the postmodern information society 

� The massification of media and information. 

� Time, space and communication. Media effects?. 

� The objectivity of the media. The media and globalization. 

� The local in the global. Postmodernism and the information society. 

� Postmodernism, peasants and the proletariat. 

� The information economy. 

83

� Commodification in the postmodern. 

Making sense of being in cyberspace 

� Getting connected to cyberspace. 

� Some Internet definitions. A taxonomy of cyberspace?. 

� Screening the senses in cyberspace. 

� Feeling your way on the Internet. 

� Hate on the Net. Panicking about morality. 

� Is cyberspace brain-changing? 

Studying Mobile Phone Use in Context: Cultural, Political, and Economic Dimensions of 

Mobile Phone Use 

� Sociological theory of mobile phone, Mobile phone use and youth, young people use of 

online communication, the social consumption of information and communication 

technologies, 

� Internet sub-culture and cyber-culture. 

The Global Digital Divide 

� Defining the digital divide. 

� International politics of the digital divide. 

� Politics of the New World Information and Communication Order (NWICO) 

E-Governance and ICTs for Development 

� ICTs & E-government, Discussion around benefits and risks, needs and obstacles, E- 

Governance and E-Government in local government: benefits and limitations, 

� The Link between ICTs and Health Policy, Telemedicine in developing countries: 

� Problems and Prospects, Concepts and practice of e-health: policies and strategies at 

international level, the clinical and educational aspects of e-health: 

� Case studies from-Pakistan, India, Nepal, Ecuador, China, South Africa and Sub- 

Saharan Africa. 


� Andal, N. (1998). Communication theories and models. London: Sage. 

� Hussain and Ray. (2000). Media and Communications in the Third World. New Delh 

: Kanishka publishers. 

� Gupta, Jasra. (2002). Internet Journalism in India. Delhi: Kanishka publishers. 

� Rayudu and Rao. (1995). Mass media laws and regulations. New Delhi: Himalaya 

publishing house. 

� Shrivastava. (1992). Media issues. London: Sterling Publishers. 

� Vachani. (1999). Media Politics and Ownership. New Delhi: Kanishka publishers. 

� Wadia. (1999). Communication and Media. New Delhi: Kanishka publishers. 

� Joseph. (1997). Mass Media and Rural development. New Delhi: Rawat publications. 

84

COURSE TITLE: CLASSICAL SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES 




The course provides a review of classical sociological theorists to contemporary sociological 

thinking. It focuses on the content and utility of classical theories in terms of understanding 

social world. While the course provides a general history of sociological theory, the focus 

remains on examining how classical theories have provided the basis for a better understanding 

of the character and dynamics of societies around the world. The contents of the course also 

help understand the nature of contemporary sociological theories. 


Background 

� Introduction, Meaning, Definition and Types of Theory. 

� Social Forces 

� Intellectual Forces 

� French Revolution 

� Enlightenment 

Development of Sociological Theory 

� Theory and Knowledge 

� Process of Theorizing 

� Types of Sociological Theories 

� Inductive and Deductive 

� Fact, Propositions, and Laws 

August Comte 

� Positivism 

� The law of Human Progress 

� Hierarchy of the Sciences 

� Social Static & Dynamic 

Emile Durkheim 

� Rules of Sociological methods 

� Division of Labour 

� Social Solidarity 

� Theory of Religion 

� Theory of Suicide 

Karl Marx 

� Communist Manifesto 

� Socialism 

� Stages of Social Evolution 

� Labour 

� Class Struggle 

� Dialectical and Historical Materialism 

Herbert Spencer 

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� The law of Social Evolution 

� Concept of Society 

� Laissez-faire 

Max Weber 

� Sociology of Religion 

� Bureaucracy 

� Ideal Type 

� Protestant Ethic and the Sprit of Capitalism 


� Blalock, Hubert. M. (1969) .Theory Construction from Verbal to Mathematical 

Formulation (Ed). N.J. Prentice Hall Inc. 

� Bronner, Stephen.Erick .(latest ed.). Critical Theory and Society: A Reader. London; 

Routledge and Kegan paul. 

� Calhon, Craig. (2007). Contemporary Sociological Theory. (2 nd ed). Malden, USA: 


� Cooley, C.H. (1962). Social Organization, New York: Scrichnes Books. 

� Farganis, James (2000). Readings in Social Theory: The Classic Tradition to Post- 

Modernism (3 rd Ed.). Boston: McGraw Hill. 

� Kinloch, Graham. C. (1977). Sociological Theory: Its Development and Major 

Paradigms. New York: McGraw Hill. 

� Ritzer, George. (2002). Sociological Theory (10 th edition). New York: McGraw Hill. 

� Ross, H. Laurence .(1963). Perspectives on the Social Order. New York: McGraw-Hill 

Book Company, Inc. 

� Waters, Malcolm. (1994). Modern Sociological Theory. London: Sage Publications 

86

COURSE TITLE: SOCIOLOGY OF EDUCATION 




The course provides students with the sociological insight of education. Core concepts, 

levels, educational institutions, theories, educational policies and reforms will be studied. 

Relationship of education with socio-economic development will also be discussed. 


Introduction: 

� The Concept of Education 

� Origin and Development of Education 

� Forms of Education, Formal, Non-formal 

� Contemporary Education System. 

Sociological Theory and Education: 

� Education and Socialization 

� Social Stratification and Education 

Roles of Education: 

� Education and Social Mobility 

� Functions of Education 

� Education and Democracy 

� Education for Leadership 

School as an Organization: 

� Definitions and Theoretical Models 

� Bureaucratization and Professionalization of Schooling 

The Sociology of School as an Agent of Change: 

� The Social Construction of Curriculum 

� Education and Development 

Relationship between Education and the Economy: 

� Reconstructions Views of Education and Economic Development 

� Manpower Planning 

� Demand and Supply of Educational Institutions in Developing Countries. 

Education and other social institutions: 

� Education Policy and Reforms 

� Private and Public Sectors of Education 

� Education Problems 

� Quality of Education 

� Investment in Education 

� Status of Education in Pakistan 


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� Ballantine, Jeanne. H. (1993). The Sociology of Education: A Systematic 

Analysis. New Gercy: Prentice Hall. 

� Banks, Olive .(1971). The Sociology of Education. London: B. T. Batsford Ltd. 

� Best, John. W. (1992). Research in Education. New Delhi: Prentice Hall. 

� Brubacher, L.S. (1970). Modern Philosophies of Education. New Delhi: 

Macgraw-Hill Publishing Co. Ltd. 

� Cosin, B.R. (latest ed.). School and Society: A Sociological Reader. London: 

Routledge and Kegan Paul. 

� Dale, R.G. Eland and M. MacDonald .(1976). Schooling and Capitalism. London: 

Routledge and Keg a Paul. 

� David, Levinson, Peter, W. Cookson, Alan, R. Sadovnik. (2002). Education and 

Sociology: An Encyclopedia 

� Evetts, J. (latest Ed). The Sociology of Educational Ideas. London: Rutledge and 

Kegan Paul. 

� Hirst, P.H. and R.S. Peter .(1970). The Logic of Education. London: Routledge 

and Keg and Paul. 

� Ottaway, A. K .Cosway. (2003). Education and Society: International Library of 

Sociology . 

88

COURSE TITLE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY- II 




The course aims to learn about the basic concepts of social research, various research 

methodologies, both quantitative and qualitative. The students will learn about the usage of 

various methodologies while conducting research on different topics. The main tools and 

research techniques will be studied. It is assumed that the students have a background in basic 

social statistics and in social theories. The students will also learn about certain specific 

computer software like SPSS, NUDIST and Ethnograph. Course Contents: 

Tools of Data Collection 

� Questionnaire: 

� Meaning and definitions Questionnaire 

� Types/ forms of Questionnaire 

� Advantages and disadvantages of questionnaire 

� Qualities of a good Questionnaire 

� Interview Schedule: 

� Meaning and definitions of Interview Schedule 

� Differences between questionnaire and of Interview Schedule 

� Advantages and disadvantages of Interview Schedule 

� Observation: 

� Meaning and definitions of Observation 

� Types of Observation 

� Situations in which observations can be made 

� Problems with using observation as a method of data collection 

� Recording of observation 

� Focus Group Discussion 

� Meaning and definitions of Focus Group Discussion 

Measurement and Attitudinal Scale: 

� Why Measurement 

� Level of Measurement: 

� Nominal- level measurement 

� Ordinal- level measurement 

� Interval- level measurement 

� Ratio - level measurement 

� Concept of Scale 

� The relationship between attitudinal and measurement scales 

� Likert scale / Summated rating Scale 

� Thurstone scale/ Equal-appearing interval 

� Bogardus Scale 

� Guttman/ Cumulative Scale 

� Semantic Differential Scale 

Data Collection and Processing 

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� Sources of Data 

� Methods of Data Collection 

� Survey method 

� Experimental method 

� Case study method 

� Case History Methods 

� Content Analysis 

� Data Management 

� Data Analysis Techniques 

Validity and Reliability: 

� Meaning, Definitions and Concepts of Validity 

� Meaning, Definitions and Concepts of Reliability 

� Types of Validity 

� Face Validity 

� Concurrent Validity 

� Contents Validity 

� Predictive Validity 

� Construct validity 

� Contents Validity 

� Criterion Validity 

� Convergent Validity 

� Discriminate Validity 

� Internal Validity 

� External Validity 

� Statistical Validity 

� Factors effecting reliability of a research instrument 

� Methods of determining the reliability of an instrument 

� How to improve reliability 

� Types of reliability: 

� Stability reliability 

� Measurement reliability 

� Representative reliability 

� Equivalence reliability 


� Alwin, Duene .F. (2007). Margins of Error; A Study of Reliability in Survey 

Measurments. U.S.A : John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 

� Babbie, Earl. (2004). The Practice of Social Research. 10 th Edition. Belmont: CA 

Words Worth Publishing. 

� Bridge, Semekh & Culhy. (2005). Research Methods in the Social Science. New 

Delhi: Vistaar Publiser. 

� Christopher, Winship. (2003). Sociological Methods and Research. London: Sage 

Publications. 

� Dooly, David. (2001). Social Research Methods. New Delhi: Prentice- Hall Private 

Limited. 

90

� Jackson, Sherri.L. (2008). Research Methods: A Modular Approach. USA: Thomson 

Higher Education. 

� Kumar, Ranjit. (2009). Research Methodology: A Step by Step Guide for Beginners. 


� Neuman, W. Lawrence. (2006). Social Research Methods: Qualitative & Quantitative 

Approaches. New Delhi: Pearson Education. 

91

COURSE TITLE: SOCIOLOGY OF PUKHTUN SOCIETY AND CULTURE 




Sociology is a study of relationship between human beings with others in a society including 

the relationship with the culture. To open the ability of holistic thinking, the students of 

sociology have to learn social value system of others‟ society as well as their own. 

The social value system of Pakhtun is chosen because Pakhtun people have proven to the world 

that they could be a developed society without neglecting the value of tradition. However, in 

the recent past, due to some global events, the perception of people around the world has 

changed and is getting more and more biased towards Pakhtun. The true Pakhtun culture and 

social system and their values systems are hidden from the world community as well as from 

their own fellow nationals. Therefore this course aims to introduce and depict the accurate and 

real culture and society to the wider audience and students of sociology. Moreover, the course 

will help students of sociology to do research on the different dimension of traditional value 

systems of Pakhtun and the socio-cultural changes happening in the Pakhtun region. Also it 

will help to sort out problems faced by Pakhtun in all sphere of life and will clarify the 

misconceptions about them. 


Introduction 

� History and origin of Pakhtun 

� Tribes, races and ethnicities among Pakhtun 

� Different school of thoughts on the origin of Pakhtun 

� Description of the Pakhtun belt and region and the impact of geography on Pakhtun 

culture and identity. 

Pukhtoon Social Institutions 

� Hujra, its structure and functions 

� Jirga, structure, functions and its significance 

� Joomat (mosque) its importance and functional necessity 

� Madrassa, functions and its educational value for Pakhtun 

Pukhtoon Culture-Pukhtoonwali 

� Introduction to Pakhtunwali 

� Melmastya(Hospitality) 

� Badal (Revenge) 

� Nanawaty 

� Gherat (Honour) 

� Nang/Sharam/Patth 

� Purdah 

� Khegarah 

� Malamastya 

� Teega 

� Rogha 

� Thora and Topak 

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� Satth 

Customs and Dresses 

� Swara, Tore, Honour Killing 

� Lopata, Sadar, Patkey, Wasket etc 

Pakhtun Art, Music and Literature 

� Musical Instruments, Sittar, Rabab, Mangai, Shpelai 

� Folk Literature,Tappa, Misra, Charbaita, Badala, Rubaai, Nimakai 

� Poets, Rahman Baba, Khushaal Baba, Hameed Baba, Hamza Baba, Ghani 

Khan(Lewaney Falsofy), Ajmal Khattak 

Pakhtun Social Stratification 

� Khan/Naik 

� Mullah 

� Kasab Ghar, Nai, Tarkan, Jola, Kolal, Henger (Lohar), Nandaf, Mazdoor,Dehqaan 

Pakhtun Social Movements 

� Khudai Khidmatgaar Tehreek 

� Khushaal against Mughal 

� Pukhtoon Freedom movements Against British(Turangzai Haji) 

� Tehreek Reshmi Roomal 


� Ahmad, Aijaz. (2005). Frontier Gandhi: Reflections on Muslim Nationalism in India. 

Social Scientist 33 (Jan-Feb). 22-39. 

� Banerjee, Mukulika. (2002). The Pathan unarmed: opposition and memory in the North 

West Frontier. Santa Fe, N. M.: School of American Research Press 

� Caroe, O. K. (1965). The Pathans, London: Macmillan and Co. 

� Glatzer, Bernt. (2002) The Pashtun Tribal System. Chapter No. 10. in G. Pfeffer and D. K. 

Behera (eds.): Concepts of Tribal Society (Contemporary Society: Tribal Studies, Vol 5), 

New Delhi: Concept Publishers. [Accessible on: www.afghanic 

.de/images/whatiswhat/tribal_system.pdf.] 

� Picco, Giandomenico and Palmisano, Antonio Luigi. (2007) Afghanistan: How much of 

the past in the new future. Istituto di Sociolgia Internazionale de Gorizia (I.S.I.G) Stampa: 

Grafica Goriziana. 

� Spain, J. W. (1963) People of Khyber, London: 

� Spain, J. W.(1973) The Pathan Borderland. (2 nd Ed.) London: 

93

COURSE TITLE: FIELD WORK 



Field Work Objectives: 

The Field Work is aimed at providing practical experience to gain professional knowledge and 

develop skills and attitudes appropriate to the practice of Sociology. It is designed to give 

students “real world” experience to complement and enhance their classroom studies. An 

academic complements the work experience. The sociology students of BS (seventh 

Semester/Final) classes will carryout Block Field Work under the supervision of a faculty 

member in a relief, humanitarian, or developmental project of an NGO or any other agency or 

in a social and community setting. 

Details/Description: 

The minimum requirements for the Field Work will be 3 credit hours of Sociology field work 

practice in the field for an academic year. The Block Field Work will be a minimum period of 

7 days and maximum 10 days. The student of Field Work will be assessed and graded on the 

following criteria by faculty member supervising the field work:- 

General capacity for understanding and translating in effective practice the concepts of 

ethnographic field work and leadership ability in sociology in terms of the following qualities: 

� Degree of initiative. 

� Ability to interpret the aims of study. 

� Ability to develop co-operation among people. 

� Quality of relationship with individual and groups. 

� Consistency and persistency in terms of goals and objectives. 

� Administrative ability. 

� General sense of responsibility about the job. 

� Ability to work constructively in a team. 

� Response to individual potentiality for further growth 

� Use of professional literature and its application fieldwork. 

Before assigning the agency for their Field Work Practice, the students will be provided with 

proper orientation. They will be informed that an observational plan will be followed after 

classroom orientation for fieldwork. The students will have to visit different agencies during 

the orientation phase and will have to write comprehensive reports on each visit by using 

guidelines given to them on the observation visit proforma. 

94

For the assessment of student’s performance following reports/items have to be taken in 

Process: - 

considerations as 

� Schedule- 70 percent of the required time 

� Orientation-Visit to the Communities 

� Reporting -Shall submit at the end of field work trip 

� Daily presentation in the field and final reports to the Supervisor. 

� Supervision-Academic and field 

� Presentation-The students have to give presentation of their field Work in presence of the class, 

faculty. 

� Evaluation-Should be done as per criteria lay down. 

All the departments have to nominate a faculty member to co-ordinate Field Work 

activities. He/She will be responsible to co-ordinate and liaise with the other members of 

the faculty and finalize the students placement. 

� The coordinator has to establish rapport and keep in contact with the field supervisors 

also. 

� To organize field seminars, he/she will extend support and guidance to the students. 

� Evaluation and presentation of the student have to be coordinated from this form. 

� Arrangement of transport (if and when required) is his responsibilities. 

95

COURSE TITLE: CONTEMPORERY SOCIAL THEORIES & THOUGHTS 




This course will introduce students to some of the major contemporary theoretical perspectives 

in sociology, including: functionalism, conflict theory, symbolic interactionism, identity 

theory, rational choice theory, and feminist theory. To explore these perspectives, contributions 

of various theorists will be examined. Capabilities to evaluate sociological theories critically 

will be developed. An attempt will be made to apply theories to understand current social 

problems and issues Pakistan and the world are facing. 


Neo-structural Functionalists 

� Talcott Parsons 

� Robert K. Merton. 

Critical Conflict Theory 

� Thorstein Veblen 

� Ralf Dahrendorf 

� C. Wright Mills 

Frankfurt School of Thought 

� Jurgen Habbermas 

Social Behaviorism and Interactionism 

� Phenomenology (Husserl, Alferd Schutz), 

� Systematic Social Behaviouism (George Simmel) 

� Symbolic Interaction ( C.H.Cooly, G.H Mead) 

Evolving Contemporary Feminist Theory 

� Feminism 

� Historical development 

� Gender oppression theories. 


� Blalock, Hubert. M. (1969) .Theory Construction from Verbal to Mathematical 

Formulation (Ed). N.J. Prentice Hall Inc. 

� Bronner, Stephen.Erick .(latest ed.). Critical Theory and Society: A Reader. London; 

Routledge and Kegan paul. 

� Calhon, Craig. (2007). Contemporary Sociological Theory. (2 nd ed). Malden, USA: 


� Cooley, C.H. (1962). Social Organization, New York: Scrichnes Books. 

� Farganis, James (2000). Readings in Social Theory: The Classic Tradition to Post- 

Modernism (3 rd Ed.). Boston: McGraw Hill. 

� Kinloch, Graham. C. (1977). Sociological Theory: Its Development and Major 

Paradigms. New York: McGraw Hill. 

� Ritzer, George. (2002). Sociological Theory (10 th edition). New York: McGraw Hill. 

� Ross, H. Laurence .(1963). Perspectives on the Social Order. New York: McGraw-Hill 

Book Company, Inc. 

� Waters, Malcolm. (1994). Modern Sociological Theory. London: Sage Publications 

96

COURSE TITLE: SOCIOLOGY OF HUMAN RIGHTS 




Conceptual framework of human rights 

� Definition and nature 

� Theories of human rights 

Classification of human rights 

� Collective rights 

� Fundamental rights 

Legal and moral basis of human rights in Islam 

Selected human rights problems 

� Privacy 

� Women rights 

� Rights of children 

� The Nations‟ rights 

� Labour rights 

Role of NGOs and their contribution 

� NGOs: nature and scope 

� Major human rights NGOs: Amnesty International, Asia Watch 

Scenario of human rights in developed and developing nations 


� Antonio, Cassese .(1990). Human Rights in the Changing World. London: Policy 

Press. 

� Attracta, Ingram .(1994). A Political Theory of Rights. New York: Clarendon P. 

Press, Oxford. 

� Enejiofor, Gavie .(1964). Protection of Human Rights under the Law. London: 

Butterwoths. 

� Forysthe, David. B. (1982). Human Rights and Development. London: 

Macmillan. 

� Gingranelli , David. L. (1988). Juman Rights Theory and Measurement. London: 

Machmillan Press, Policy Study Organization. 

� Haider, S.M. (1978). Islamic Concept of Human Rights. Lahore: Book 

House.Khurshid, Ahmed and Ahmed, Said. Khan .(1976). Human Rights in Islam 

(Translations). Islamic Foundation. 

� Robertson, A.H. and Merrils, J.G. (1989). Human Rights in the World. London: 

Manchester University Press. 

� Vinoent, R.J. (1988). Human Rights and International Relations. London: 

Cambridge University Press. 

97

COURSE TITLE: ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIOLOGY 




Ecology is often described as the study of natural communities while sociology is described as 

the study of human communities. Environmental sociology is the study of both together, the 

study of the “community” in the broadest sense–people, water, land, plants, animals etc. 

Indeed, society and the physical environment are tightly linked in various ways. 

During this course, we will explore these linkages at various levels from the local to the global. 

Environmental sociology raises questions that contemporary “mainstream” sociology has been 

very concerned with, too, these last 30 years or so. Indeed, environmental sociology is highly 

emblematic for the challenges the “modernity” project is facing. Since the modernist 

dichotomy between social systems and natural systems becomes less and less tenable, new 

ways to account for the real and socially entangled world have to be found. 

The course is mainly oriented towards a theoretical discussion and is geared towards getting 

students acquainted with different schools of thought not only in the discussion around 

„environmental sociology‟ but also the discussions and cases from cognate areas of 

development theory, i.e. rural and urban development (including sustainable development), 

Sociological theory, modernity etc. The concepts, theories and paradigms of the discipline will 

be mainly derived from the (Rich) North‟s academic tradition. Each time, empirical examples 

will be provided to support the discussion, primary by analyzing examples from both the 

„North‟ & the „South‟ 


Introduction 

� Definition and explanation of Environmental Sociology 

� The Birth and Growth of Environmental Sociology-Historical Background 

� Environmental sociology and the larger discipline 

� Current trends and point of debates in environmental sociology 

� Major paradigms in environmental sociology and discourse 

� Human Exemptionlism Paradigm (HEP) 

� New Ecological Paradigms (NEP) 

� Basic concepts and terms of environmental sociology 

� Existential dualism 

� Societal-environmental dialectic 

� Treadmill of production 

� Ecology 

� Biosphere 

� Ecosystem 

� Environmental Justice 

Major Sociological Perspectives on Environmental Problems 

� Structural-Functionalism 

� Conflict 

98

� Symbolic interactionism 

Environmental Problems 

� Societal-Environmental interactions 

� Evolution of Environmental Problems 

� Three Main functions of environment 

� Societal response to environmental problems 

� Causes of environmental Problems 

� Impacts of Environmental Problems 

� Solutions of environmental problems . 

Major Environmental Issues and Problems 

� Resources – flow and stock resources, resource depletion 

� Waste and Pollution 

� Environmental Sinks 

� Waste Assimilation systems 

� Population growth and the environment 

� Biodiversity 

� Quality of life 

� Environmental problems or human problems 

Theoretical Underpinnings for the Explanation of Environmental problem 

� The biological nature of the human species-Nature Vs Nurture. Sociobiology 

� The nature of human needs and wants and satisfiers-Human needs and environmental 

capital, 

� Maslow Hierarchy of needs theory, needs and satisfiers, needs in post-modern society 

� The conflict between individual and larger scale interests – The „Tragedy of the 

commons‟ model and „Life-boat‟ model 

� The role of values in determining attitudes and behaviour – Extrinsic and Intrinsic 

values, values and the greens 

Sustainable Development and the Goals of Environmental Policy 

� The predicament off humankind: Malthusianism 

� The Limits to Growth thesis 

� What sustainable development means? 

� Assessing Sustainability: the three key criteria, The Capital Approach, Environmental 

Space approach, 

Resources and the Environment 

� The importance of resources in development 

� Resource constraints and the development process 

� Environmental impacts of development 

� The search for sustainable resource management 


� Glynn, J. A., Charles, F. H. and Stewart, E. W. (1996). Global Social Problems. New 

York: HarperCollins College Publishers 

� Hannigan, J. (2006). Environmental Sociology. London: Routledge. 

99

� Humphry, C. R. and Buttel, F. R. (1982). Environment, Energy, and Society. 

California: Wadsworth, Inc. 

� Love, G. A. and Love, R. M. (1970). Ecological Crisis: Readings for Survival. New 

York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. 

� McRae, H. (1994). The world in 2020, Power, Culture, and Prosperity: A vision of 

the future. London: HarperCollins Publishers. 

� Miller, A. S. (1991). Gaia Connections: An introduction to Ecology, Eco-ethics, and 

Economics. Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. 

� Moore, F. (1 st ed.) .(2003). Environment and society. New Delhi: Dominant 

Publishers and Distributors 

� Panayotou, T. (1993). Green markets: the economics of sustainable Development. 

California: International Center for Economic Growth and The Harvard Institute for 

International Development 

� Potter, R. B., Binns, T. A. E. Jennifer, and Smith, D. (1999). Geographies of 

development‟. Singapore: Addison Wesley Longman Limited. 

� Roberts, J. (2004). Environmental Policy. London: Routledge. 

� Sargent, L. T. (1996). Contemporary Political Ideologies: A Comparative Analysis. 

New York: Harcourt Brace College Publishers. 

100

COURSE TITLE: CRIMINOLOGY 




To help students develop understanding of the dynamics, origins and cause of Social 

Deviation, Delinquency and Crime, especially among adolescents and youth. To impart 

knowledge about the increasing incidence of crime with in the context of our socio- economic 

and cultural environment. 


Introduction: 

� Introduction to criminology 

� Scope, Nature and subject matter of criminology 

� Criminology and criminal law 

� Definition(Legal and Non Legal), meaning and concept of Crime 

� Elements of crimes 

� Deviance and Crime. 

� Explanation of Crime in social and cultural context 

Crime & Criminal: 

� Types of the crime and criminals 

� (Violent crimes, property crimes, business crimes and Organized crimes) 

� Causes of crimes 

� Remedies of the crimes 

Theories Related to Crime: 

� Introduction of old Theories 

� Biological Theory of Crime) (Lambroso, Sheldon) 

� Sociological theory of crime 

� Social - process and social- structure approach (Sutherland, Durkhiem, Robert K 

Merton, Karl Marx) 

� Psychological theory (Sigmund Freud, Skinner ) 

Agencies Controlling Crimes: 

� Formal and informal control of crime and criminal behavior 

� Role of Social institutions in prevention and detection of crime, like family, school peer 

group etc. 

� Structure and Role of formal institutions e.g. 

� Police, F.I.A C.I.A C.I.D etc. 

Crime Statistics: 


� Sources, Difficulties and Needs 

101

� National crime statistics and its sociological interpretation 

� International crime statistics and its sociological interpretation 

� Problems of validity and reliability 

Probation & Parole: 

� Definition of probation and parole. 

� Role of probation and parole officers. 

� Difference between probation and parole. 

� Social investigation in probation. 

Juvenile Delinquency: 

� Introduction and Definition 

� Causes and remedies 

� Juvenile reformatories 

Theories of Punishment: 

� Retributive. 

� Deterrence. 

� Social Solidarity 

� Reformative. 

� Islamic concept of crimes and its punishment 

COURSE RECOMMENDED BOOKS.. 

� Abdullah, O. Naseef.(1982). Encyclopedia of Seerah. Lahore: Pak Book Corporation 

Aziz Chambers. 

� Langmen, Lan. B. (1988). Community Punishment: A Critical Introduction. London 

and New York: 

� Reid , Sue.T. (1976). Crime and Criminology. Hinsadale- Illinois: The Dryden Press. 

� Rouald, L. Akers. (1999). Criminological Theories introduction and Evaluation, (2 nd 

Edition). Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publisher. 

� Sutherland, Edwin and Donald, R. Gessay. (1971). Principles of criminology. New 

York: J. B Lipoincott company. 

102

COURSE TITLE: DISSERTATION 



Thesis Objectives: 

As part of Master degree in Sociology, students are required to complete a thesis under the 

supervision of a supervisor or faculty member, who has a related scholarly interest. The thesis 

is seen as a capstone experience for majors in that it allows them both to explore research and 

analytical skills that they have learned earlier and to develop these skills with direct 

application. In addition, in the process of research and writing, the student develops new skills 

for the analysis that grow out of the first-hand research tasks. Finally, the thesis process allows 

the department to assess how well it is doing in preparing students for critical and creative 

thinking, and for professional or allied careers using their major. 

The topic of thesis research is chosen in consultation between the student and the faculty. 

Hands-on empirical research is encouraged, sometimes using available data sets -- including 

those developed through the surveys carried out in the Research Methods course in the 

department -- and sometimes requiring the full initiation and carrying out of data gathering in 

the form of a survey, participant observation project, content analysis or other research method. 

Format Guidelines for Master’s Thesis: 

Arrangement of Thesis 

� Each thesis must be arranged in the following order. Italicized pages are optional. 

� Signature Page Include this page in the pretext page count, but do not place a page 

number on it. 

� Title Page Include this page in the pretext page count, but do not place a page number 

on it. 

� Dedication and/or Epigraph. Include this page in the pretext page count, but do not 

place a page number on it. 

� Acknowledgements and/or Preface. Begin placing pretext lowercase Roman numerals 

at the bottom of this page, counting all preceding pretext material except for the fly 

page. Page numbers are centered one inch from the bottom of the page. 

� Abstract Continue pretext page numbering with lowercase Roman numerals. 

� Table of Contents. Continue pretext page numbering with lowercase Roman numerals. 

� List of Tables. Continue pretext page numbering with lowercase Roman numerals. 

� List of Figures. Continue pretext page numbering with lowercase Roman numerals. 

103

� List of Illustrations/Maps/Slides. Continue pretext page numbering with lowercase 

Roman numerals. 

� Text. All pages from the first page of text through the Vita are numbered consecutively 

in Arabic numerals, beginning with Arabic numeral “1” on the first page of the thesis or 

report text. 

� Appendix. Continue page numbering with Arabic numerals. 

� Glossary. May, instead, be placed after the Table of Contents in the area with the Lists 

of Tables, List of Figures, etc. Continue page numbering with Arabic numerals. 

� Bibliography. Other possible titles are “References” or “Works Cited.” Continue page 

numbering with Arabic numerals. 

Page Format and Layout: 

� Font: A single font must be used throughout the thesis, the only exceptions being in 

tables, graphs, and appendices. Headings may be bolded and no more than 2 points larger 

than the rest of the text. 

� Margins: All theses and reports must have consistent margins of at least 1.25 inches at 

the top, bottom, left, and right edges of the page. Page numbers must be placed at least 

one inch from the bottom of the page. Margins which are larger than those required are 

acceptable, but smaller margins are not. 

� Spacing: The thesis or report must be double-spaced or 1.5-spaced. Single spacing may 

be used only in the Table of Contents, footnotes and endnotes, charts, graphs, tables, 

quotations, captions, glossary, appendices, and bibliography. Prose quotations over three 

lines long should be in block quote, double or single-spaced, and indented on the left. Do 

not use quotation marks in the block quote except when indicating quotations within the 

block quote. 

� Numbering of Pages: Beginning with the first page of the Acknowledgements or 

Preface, if used, all preliminary pages preceding the actual text must be numbered in 

lowercase Roman numerals; e.g., iii, iv, v, etc. These numerals must be centered under 

the text with at least one inch of space between the number and the bottom of the page. If 

no optional pages are used, the page numbers must begin on the Abstract. Do not number 

the copyright page, signature page, title page, or dedication, but do include each of them 

in the pretext page count. The first page of the text begins at Arabic numeral 1. All pages 

within the text must contain an Arabic page number, bottom-centered, at least one inch 

from the bottom edge of the page. The first page of every major section (chapters, 

appendices, bibliography, Vita, etc.) must begin on a new page. 

� Tables and Illustrations: Pages carrying illustrative material must be given page 

numbers appropriate to their place in the document. Illustrative material may not be 

inserted after the document has been numbered and given numbers such as “10a.” All 

tables, figures, illustrations, and other types of examples included and referenced in the 

text of the dissertation should be numbered for identification. There should be no 

duplication of these numbers; i.e., no two tables should be assigned the same number. 

Figures may be numbered in one of two ways: consecutively throughout the document 

(Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, etc.), or double-numbered so that illustrations‟ numbers reflect 

their locations in the document (Figure 9.3 is the third figure in Chapter 9, or Figure A2 

is the second figure in Appendix A.) Captions and legends must be placed on the same 

page with the figure, graph, table or illustration they describe. In order to fit both figure 

and caption on the same page, captions may be single-spaced, margins may be decreased 

104

to one inch, and figures may be reduced in size to fit. If the figures are reduced from their 

original size, then the page number must be added after the reduction so as not to alter its 

size. If there is no other way to manage the amount of material to be shown, the caption 

and figures should be side-by-side in continuous view. This method should only be used 

in the rare instance where all of the pertinent material will not fit on the same page. 

Figures, captions, and page numbers must be easily readable when the electronic 

document is viewed at 100 percent. 

� Footnotes and Bibliography: A Bibliography, or Reference, section must immediately 

precede the Vita at the end of the thesis or report, even in theses where chapter end notes 

have been used. Bibliographies may be omitted only in wholly original theses such as 

novels or musical compositions. The bibliography must include materials used including 

the edition, if not the first, so the citation can be readily verified. Footnote citations must 

be sufficiently exact to enable the reader to find the source with ease. Any standardized 

form for footnotes and bibliography approved by your supervisor is acceptable if 

followed consistently. Several useful manuals for selecting a footnote/bibliography 

format include the Chicago Manual of Style. 

Copies required: 

All students who successfully accomplished writing up thesis are required to submit at least 

three copies in hard and one copy in soft to the supervisor or chairmen or head of department. 

Viva voice: 

For a student to be eligible for the award of master degree in sociology, it is necessary and 

compulsory element and requirement for his/her thesis assessment to appear before a panel of 

internal supervisor and external examiner etc for a viva voice. 

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Abdul Wali Khan University - AWKUM

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